Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

SOUTHERN CONFEDERA.CV Southern Gnttitntf -5B0. W. ADAIR J- HENLY 8MITII, m> irons ahb pRorRiw«B». -S.O.Mfrirt.M. D m-~ J.N.OARDOW ATLANTA, GEORGIA: WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1863. l\R«**<* DAILY ‘ ikfl'UTlcm IN THK STATE. ** SKK B’iKST PAGE.-W Kxmnlnnf Ion of General Green'a Plan of Finance-Gold and Silver tUe Material of Money—Continued. We have advened to invariability of value a* one of the peculiarities of the precious me this. This must be understood in a comparative sense, or in reference to other articles of commerce.— Many attach an absolute meaning to tbeexpres- aion invariability of value, from the fact that public authority has stamped on each piece of coin its weight and degree of fineness. This, instead ot being viewed as a device to save the labor of weighing and assaying each piece, is regarded by many as giving an invariable value. Renee the surprise often expressed when on the Mispen»ion of specie payments by Ranks coined money becomes merchandise—subject to the law of demand and supply, like other commod' ities. Specie then has a price in the market which separates it from what is called the mint or standard price of gold and silver as fixed by law. It ceases,' in common parlance, to be a measure of value. These terms, standard and measure of value are figurative, but are con strued, by a large number, in a literal aense.— We speak of the foot os a meaaure of length, of (be pound aa a meaaure ot weight, of the bushel aa a measure of capacity. These are actual, or unvarying measures or standards of comparison for length,weight and capacity. They are found od in natural measurements and other natural determinations. The measurement of an arc of flic meridian, the length of the pendulum Ousting seconds ill some given latitude, and the weight of distilled water at the temperature of maximum density of water are all methods for defergiining standards of-length, weight and rapacity, founded is nature. No such standard baa been or cau be found for value. There are none such in nature. Gold and ailver are t» be deemed standards of value that only approximate more closely than any other artiole of commerce to the character of invariable These metals are, therefore, the preferred substances for coined money. The terms measure and standard of value are, then, to bs understood, iu * com parmive, and not iu aa absolute sense—as figurately.and not literally, in their application to the precious metals as the ma terial of money. If this qualified meaning had been observed, much misconception would have been avoided. Perhaps the most unex o*ptionable definition for money is a inttlium . of value, as denoting iu trua function. Medium of exchange is defective, aa_ money is the thinu or object oaohonged, in every inter change ot money for commodities, and not mernly the medium of snob inierohango. The result is, that gold and silver are subject to the action of demand ami supply, in common with all other commodities, but not liable to as great fluctuations of value. Accordingly, we find the price of these metals fluctuating with the slate of the bullion market There have been violent transitions of price, in short periods by the action of governments and of banks.- Gold has been at a high pre mium in London, the great bullion mar ket of th.e world, occasionally, in oonee. quence of obanges in the fisoal policy of Stater France, when she was nearly drain ed of her silver, a few years since, for the * East, supplied the void by large importations of gold trom England, for currency purpo-, ees. Gold, in consequence, bore a premium there Russia, not many years since, exe cuted a large financial operation by withdraw ing a considerable amount of gold from Lon- - don, at a large advance. The action of governments frequently cans ea a correspondent notion of banks. When the Congress of the United -States, in 1834, passed what is ealltd the gold bill, changing the relative value of gold to silver from 16 to 1 to 16 to 1, an artificial demand sprung up for gold, from Ds over valuation as com pared with silver, threatening to act.with so touch violence on the English currency, ad vancing the rates of gold in that market, that the Bank of England was compelled to coun- tcfaot the effect by restraining mercantile discounts. The price of the preoions metals would preserve a far mpre invariable value wer« it not for these interferences by author ity and the over-action by banks. A standard, or mint price, of gold and sil ver, cannot prevent these alternations of val- - uu. The mint or standard price ot gold in England, is £3.17a. 10] J. an ounce. Two years before the suspension, in 1797, of specie pay ments by the Bank of England, the price of gold rose to £4 3s. an ounce, and before the period fixed by law for the resumption to uke place in 1828, gold, in 1821, fell eo much below the mint price, that the bank resumed in that year.* This detail is entered into to show that there is no necessary connection between the mint value of the precious met ala and their market price. There is a . necessity to fix a value on these metals at which they will be taken when brought to the Mint for coinage. As they will fluctuate according to demand and supply, so the only effect of compelling banks to pay their notes in specie, is to prevent coined money from becoming an objeet of traffic, and losing its function as money, while it acts as a preven tive check against the undue increase of paper money, under a mixed system - of coin and paper. While the limits ot a sound cir culation ar«* not passed, in a system of mixed etitrency, the public wants, generally, will ■ ha states In bis pen regulate the quantity of such a currency, and, in regulating its quantity, regulate its value. We have* said generally, because there are states of public excitement that occasionally lead communities to an abuse of credit* as we'| as banks. The demand for credit and currency, ia not at >nch periods an accurate measure of legitimate demand. Commercial transactions are then widely extended, exchanges are exces sively multiplied, and banks catching the con tagion, respond to the call for more credit and more currency. A criterion, however, that can never fail, ia the rate of foreign exchange.— This ia an almost infallible regulator of the cur rency if banks would watch and follow its indi cations. On the whole the conclusion is that gold and ailver, although liable to fluctuations of value, arc less to titan , any substances yet diacoveied, and than any atticle that is under the influence of the law of demand and supply. In our next we wilt enter on an examination of General Green's plan of reciprocal checks by means of Treasury and Conlederate bonds. C. Oar Special Klelimoud Correspondence. Tb« Senate’s Rebuke of the Petition of the Supreme Court of Georgia—Judge Lo-brane m-uiaed—Die- bursieg > Ulcers' Bonds Oot gieta on planting Corn- Retaliation—A Dec Won—TUe Kt qulitr rather heavily raked, Sc Richmond, Feb’y 26.1663. The bill in regard to substitutes offered by Mr. Phelsu of Mississippi has been passed by tne Senate without amendment. The bill aim- y provides that hereafter no substitute shall s received, and repeals alt former acts granting that privilege. The Committee reported an amendment in the shape of a new section, pro viding that, in all cases, persons having furnish ed substitutes heretofore, shall bo enrolled and heldlto service if the substitute deserts. Mr. Sparrow advocated the amendment, relying for argument, ehiefly on the newspaper accounts of the number of desertions of that class of sol diers, and a letter from Gen'l Lee, stating that, ms a geneaal thing, substitutes will desert. The amendment was ably opposed by Messrs. Orr, of S. C., Oldham, ot Texas, and Caperton, the new Senator from Virginia. The chief point presented during the discussion was whether the acceptance of a substitute by the Government did not amount to a contract which could not be impaired by ex poet facto legislation without violating rights legally acquired and already vested in the patties. As this same point has come before the judicial tribuuals of two States —Georgia and South Carolina—in which differ ei t decisions have been given, it is proper to add 'that the legal argument was thoroughly exam ined and discussed by the Senate, and the Georv gia decision rejected, not only by a large maj r tty, but that majority comprised the most emi nent legal ability of that body. Of this your readers can judge for themselves by glancing over tho names of those voting, as follows:— Messrs Barker, Brown, Burnett, Dortch, Pey ton, Phelan, Simms, for the amendment; against it, Messrs Barnwell Caperton, Clark, Clay, Davis, Haynes, Hill, Hunter, Johnson, of Georgia, Johnson,Jof Arkanaas,Maxwell, Mitch ell. Orr and Yancey. Judge Lochrane of Geor gia will doubtless be pleased to learn that, though reversed by the Appellate Court, he is in such company as the foregoing names indi cate. The bill was then passed as reported above, thus disposing of the whole subject of substitutes so liar as the Senate is concerned. An improved bond for Commissaries and Quartermasters has been introduced by the Senate Committee on the Judi riary. It enlarges the conditions merely, but does not touch the real delect which consists in the small sum fixed as seenrily—sajr ten thousand dollars for men frequently, having in their hands hundreds of thou sands—and the loose manner in which se curities are accepted—often men of straw, with out inquiring into their ability to make good tbeir obligations in case ol failvre or fraud. A joint resolution has been submitted by Mr Chilton, ot Alabama, recommending increased crops of cereals and expressing the soiuc • of Congress as to the impolicy of planting large crops ol cotton audtobavco.' This joint resolu tion is, iu every way, commendable, and couch ed in language so appropriate and unexceptiona ble that it is worty of preservation. Alter recit ing that the prevalent rumors of peace might induce a return to the accustomed mode ot ag riculture, it resolves. That while disclaiming all power as well as desire io interlere for -the pur pose of directing the individual pursuits ol the people of the respective States, nevertheless, Congress does hereby express the settled cons vetton that the planting of large crops of cotton and tobacco, during the present year would bo highly impolitic, and would respectfully, but urgently recommerd to the farmers and planters of the country the permanent importance of raising the largest crops of provisions so as to ensure the subsistence, uder Providence, of the army and people of the Confederacy. Let Leg' islative Sumptuary'Lilliputions read this admi rable resolution and learn a lesson. Mr. H. W. Bruce, of Kentucky, has submitted a resolution looking to proper measures ot retaliation for the the atrocious cruelty with which twelve Confed erate prisoners were allowed to freeze to death at the Camp Chase Black Hole in Ohio, U the President shall find.on inquiry, that these mur ders were perpetrated purposely or through gross neglect. It mav be difficult^ apply the lex tabnis in such a case ; though as to the tact of these horrible murders having been purposely perpetrated, there will be but oneopihion in the South. Is not the case of Col. Zavoua fully au thenticated t Shut up for six months in a nar row, loathaome celL—the windows covered with heavily bolted shutters to exclude the very light of heaven from this unfortunate, but chivalrous captive. Oh, Yankee malignity, and hell born baseness! the day of retribution is fast approach manifestations, and woe bo to the confederate who will telegraph cither , the Northeast or Northwest, even by a curve of the finger or a twinkle of . the eye lid. Nor does it speak in passion, or make its charges “in KingOaraby- ees’ vein ” Ou the contrary, they are direct ed with the most consumate skill, aud when once in motion, overwhelm friend and foe — Thus, for example, in a strategic operation? a few days since, designed to retrieve an im petuous bnt unsuccessful charge upon lag re tain, after his gallant feats in Charleston bay, it performs a sudden flank movement against an entire brigade of sensationists, sweeping like an avalanche the terrified hosts of reporforKl culprits, overlooking, in the audacity of bis charge, the terrible fact that our Secretary of State, J. P. Benjamin, w.is actually tho loader of the unfortunate brig ade. Did not.be publish hiB official notice under great seal of State, notifying the whole world “and the rest of mankind,” that the blockade was broken by the dispersion of the blockading squadron ? “ The main object of our movement,” says the Enquirer, “ was to rebuke the manufacturers of startling bulle tins.” Poor Mr. Benjamin will long remem ber that terrible charge, and so will I, and so will the rest of ns! As these opportunities do not occur every day, however military men say that this extraordinary -war spirit would turn upon itself, if it bad no enemy to encounter, and, henoe, the occasional skir mishing upon the Clerks in.the Executive Departments, the Editorial Convention in Georgia, and other minor dieoiplinnry exor cises. ’Tis wonderful lliat, with .venerable locks, whitened by the frosts of fitly five win ters, the Enquirer should display such thirst for bloody carnage. Woo betide tho “fain eant youngsters,” if found loitering in the war-path of the Wesi-southing warrior. CHEROKEE P. S.—Tho Exemption billeported by the Sen ate Committee was passed, only five Senators voting against it. It differs but little materially from the existing law. except in that section relating to to the exemption ot one overseer to every twenty negroes. This clause is so guard ed against abuse or evasion that it will he almost impossible tor either to occur in its execution. And jret that is the clause that will meet the most formidable opposition in the House. So many members have already.committed them selves agatnst’it, that the chances ot any agree ment are remote indeed. 7 be hill for soldier-cacJiing has lie-, n tabled by a large majority. Mr. Gartrell fought it through every stage. Notbiug so - unpopular bus been introduced in tho House during the Session, though its originators thought it the best, if not the only means of reaclmig a great and alarm ing evil. ■ ■ . on is la err l>bl«( that .he Bask cl Xngiar.d reenmtd specie payment is 18 *. Fash bit! IwtUtaj; far the rm—ptl id. was vucutla the Ucnsa of Coaaot in IS19, piorid.ng ■M jPRBpUcn ui Itt; tni thaUflax a gold was so ,uat lets L mlon, In lWt, that tbe Back anticipated the a -* .ncoln’8 Senate has passed a conscription in ii mm act, consoribing every citixen in the United States between the ages of twenty, and forty- five. This mammoth military bill will expe rience no delay in the House, aud will be a law in time to retain the 800,000 men whose term of enlistment will expire early in May. It clothes the President with the most arbi trary and exclusive power over the whole sub ject, ignoring State authority and State inter vention, of any kind, in its execution. This measure is intended for fhe doable purpose of keeping up and reinforcing tbeir present army and of hurling defiance at Napoleon III., Unless there be a revolution in the Yankee States, the war will last during Lincoln’s term of office. Judge Meredith, of this city, has deoid&d that voluntary service by non-residents’ in the Confederate army, gives a man a domicil in the Confederaoy, and aa such, renders him liable to conaorlption. This will restore to our armies hundreds of foreign-born soldiers, who, at the commencement of oar revolntion, entered the service as twelve months men but, at the expiration of their terms, were cast loose npon onr towns and cities, and have Bince been protected by consular certificates or other evidence of citizenship - or birth out of the limits of the Confederacy. The deci sion is universally approved, and, I have an Jerstood, the War Department will issue in structions to enrolling officers to act npon the rale thus judicially established. The Richmond Enquirer has volunteered its services in Senator Brown’s crusade against tho.Clerks in-the Executive Departments.— Indeed, that paper has suddenly doffed the gentle robes of white-winged peace and has rolled op its sleeves for indiscriminate car- n ge. The sabre and the bayonet now flash through every column, and its wood-cut of the Capitol has how given way to sculls and cross- bones. The Northwestern States of Yankee- dom are the special objects of its war-like l.ctter from th« linn. 8. 11. Htll. Richmond, Va., Fen. 16th. 1863. Meiers R. M. Orme <f Son, GEim.BMEN: The Recorder of the 3tl con taining the letter of Governor Brown dated January 24 h, reached me a few days ago, and to-day, I have found time to exaniiue its state meats. I notice the letter only because it purports to come from the “Executive Department,’’ in this character might give some vvoig very palpable errors, in their nature calculated to do public injury and establish a lalse prece dent. For these reasons the letter may claim a consideration not otherwise merited. Was the order of the Governor in r.iisiii» the 12 regiments called for by tho (’resident in- Faff- runty 1862 in whicn he ordered'a drill,>!:issi fled that draft, and deprived tho men' dratted of the right to participate ia the election oi the officers to command them, wuhgovIvgteBuive authority and therefore lltegiil ; or tvas it in ac cordanee with legislative authority and.tjiace fore legal! I have mid and now emphatically repeat, it was utterly, without such authority; and the Governor affirms the contrary and this is the issue. The Govornor re'i-is to and quotes as his an- thoii-y tfe Militia Act of 1818. By turning to this A<-i it is found l<> be "An Act to revise and CMisoi •is •- the militia laws of this State, See,' It it • * ■ ud to prescribing the rules lor divid tug, raining, officering and disciplining the militia oi the Stale as an orqauized body; aud provides lor calling out this militia in whole-or in detachments to repel invasions, suppress in surrections, &.C Does this statute in any respect apply to the call made? I will not answer by inference, ar gument or epithet, but by the plain letter of the law. - By the the first section of the Act of March 6th, 1861, the President is authorized to employ the militia, military and naval, forces ot iho Confederate States of America, and to ask for and accept the services'of any number of volun teers not exceeding one hundred thousand, to' serve for twelve months after they shall be mus tered into service, unless sooner discharged. By the first section of the Act ot August 8th. 1861, this number of volunteers is incr&sed to' four hundred thousand, and the term os service not less than twelve months nor more than three years. The Act of*January 23d, 1862, again amends tho first section of the Aact-of March 6th, 1861 so as to autherize the President to call on the States for troops to serve tor three years or dur ing the war. It will be observed that the dis tinction between the militia and volunteer troops is plainly kept up in these several Acts. ' Which did the President call for, the militia aS organ ized or in detachments, or tor voluuteer troops ' The President plainly followed a very plain law and called on Gjv; Brown for “twelve regiments of troops to serve during the tear.” But I will not rest here. 1 will now show that the President is forbidden to make, and the Governor forbidden to fill a call for the mi litia to serve during the war . The second section of the Act of March 6th 1861, is in the following words: “That the militia when called into service by virtue of this Act or on any other Act, it in the opinion of the President the public interest re quires, may be compelled to serve for a term not exceeding six months after they shall be muster ed into service,'unless sooner discharged ! ’’ The Second section of the Act of August 8th 1861, is in these words': “That whenever the militia or volunteers are called and received into the service of the Cotv federate States under the provisions of this Act they shall be organized under the’ Act of the 6th of March 1861, entitled an Act to provide for the Public Defense; with the same pay and allow ances of said Act, and the same time for the ser vice of the militia.” So again the amendatory act of January 23d 1862, in express 1 anguage is declared to be an amendment of the frst section only of the act ot March 6tb, 1861. Thus, not by accident, but, as I happen to know, by design, the acts of Congress always keep in view the distinction between the militia and volunteer troops, and are very carelal to make prominent the avowed purposed that the militia shall in no rase, be called into service for a longer time than six months. There arc great and overshadowing reasons for this rule, founded not only in wise policy, but in fundamental principles, which I will not . now stop to explain, and accordingly we find : that this has been the uniform and unbroken * rule on the American Continent ever since we had a government. I can bnt regret that the Governor of my. Slate seems not to have dis covered the rale, nor learned the principle. It ia thus shown by the very letter of the laws that the call was not for the militia, and could not be for the militia tor more than six months, bat that the call was explicit language for “twelve regiments of troops to serve during the war.” And Governor Brown, in ordering s coascription of troops'for the for the war, under the name ot detaching the militia by dr ft as C Dvided in the Militia Act of 1818 is show □ to ve done so without any legislative authority whatever, and “no act was ever more illegal.” But suppose the President had disregarded the law and called for the militia to servo during the war ? Can it be possible that Gou. Brown would have forced out the militia during tho war. in the very face of such express prohibition h? the law r Were it possible, therefore, to trove that he had such a cal!,would his authoity >e increased or his error lessoned f It equally shows that he bad no authority to classify the troops for the war so illegally dratt ed, nor to deprive them of ihe tight to veto in the election of the officers By the way did he detach militia officers to oomtnand the twelve regiments» Yot if he was acting properly un der the Act of 1818, he was required ao to do.— Nhr haa he a right oven under tho Miliitt Act of 1818 to deprive even militia men of thfe right to participate in the election of their .officers.— But when a detachment of militia is ordered under that Act, whether by detail, draft or vol untary enlistment, it is his duty to detach offi cers to command them, hut they are and must be the officers previously elected by tliqpmilitia men including those detached. And what a monstrous pretension, that the provision of the militia law for detaohing a portion of an organized body for a given ser vice by detail, by draft or by voluntary en listment, gives Gov. Browu the diserrtion to enter the social circle, and look into, men's private conditions and domestic relations, and ndividualize and point out those who shall be forced lo serve during the war! So, therefore, if the act of 1818 applied to the call made l>y the President for troops to serve during the war, Governor Brown did clearly violate that act; and if Ihe not did it apply, bis order was without legislative authority. Iu.any view, “nothing wok ever more illegal.” I will not permit myself to add any reflec tion* upon the character and tendency of these unauthorized Executive Acta. I have stated the tacts and shown the authority. It would bs easy to show that- Gov. Brown’s tefeuse is, if possible, worse than the origl ■tal eel. With the view of showing the perfect accotd- auce ot the speech which 1 delivered in Mil- Icdgeville with the provisions and purposes of the laws referred to—especially the Mili tia laws of 1818; I beg just here to call tit- trillion lo the following pas age iu that Hpeeeh to be found on page 14 ot,the pamphlet edi tion : With ail due deference, 1 must say thiscon founding the army with the militia ia I rifling with the question. The militia is a peace es tablishment—exists always in all the States. The States do keep the militia, hut not troops of war in time of peace When the UanstUii- tiou was framed, the States had a largo iron- tier exposed to sudden invasions by hostile Indian tribes. History bad also shown that Republics were subject to insurrections aud resistance to the process of.lew. The desire was to provide a power ample to protect this large frontier front Indian incursions, to pre serve interna, peace and seenrily, and to do all this without a large at nding arnuy. This waB'-the very purpose of the militia It was aoi to prosecute war, but to.preserve htav to be used in sudden emergencies—and to this end it was organized to he kept always train ed, always officered, and in every locality.— Anil us the militia embraced the great body of the people whose business wat not war, but agriculture, commerce, and all the indus trial pursuits, and ought not, thereioro, to be called away for a long period from their pnr- su ts, the power of Cungr* cs is expressly iim- tted-to call forth the militia only *o suppress iuMirreciioiiB, repel invasions and execute the .la .v e The militia may. sometimes aid the HTtny, but always for short periods; and, therefore, the militia, as such, has never been called out for a longer period than six months fin this country. A proposition by Mr. Giles to call out the militia lor tw» years, was de nounced by the very men who opposed con scription, as an unconstitutional attempt to convert the militia into an army ! And, iu this they were right. The Governor seems to think that the term politician, as distinguished from statesman, ocourriug in the speech was inteuded for those in his category. I can OBiy say I did not deem it neoessary to make a personal ap plication of the term. Since, however, the Governor insists upon so applying it to him self, and writes a letter proving the propriety «f the application, I will not tr trouble myself to join issue on that point. Tho public. I know, will excuse me it i do not reciprocate the ill choler exhibited by the Gov ernor’s letter, i have done nothing to disturb the harmony of the people. To promote that harmony during the enure revolution has been my great desire, and to contribute to that end by encouraging in the people a just confidence iu their tiwii chosen administrators of the Con federate Government—who'had been so. rudely so unjustly and persistently assailed, was .the only purpose ot the speech delivered in Mil iedgeviile. Having, therefore, a good con science, I have no excuse for bad temper. • I beg to’ assure ihe Governor, also, that his vituperative criticisms are wholly inoffensive — He has employed such language so often and so indiscriminately against so many who are known to be great and good, including President, Congress, Judges and even the laws themselves, that when he uses the samo weapons on one so humble as myself, I am induced to conclude l have said something worthy and frocihle, and am placed iu good company. Several hundred years ago, Sir John Fallstaff, Knight, some- whar distinguished for doing many things of somewhat doubtful authority, but tor which he always bad happy excuses, justified a habit ratherugly in itself by declaring “’Tis no sin for a man. to labor in his vocation. ”' Should our Governor be threatened with a littlo disturbance of mind in reviewing his dourae, I commend the clear log o of this high authority lo hit comfort. I cau, now, readily understand why it is that c-ouimnnieationB from the Exeentive of Georgia, addressed to high officials. State and Confederate, receive neither notice nor reply. -The warm approvals of the epeeoh delivered in Milledgeville which are reaching me from gentlemen in and out of Georgia, whose opin ions I highly value, enable me to be perfectly content, even if ambition had contributed to its delivery. In view of the real purposes of tbe speech, I am gratified. Very truly yours, - B. H. HILL. SAVANNAH CALLS! * BALLY GEORGIANS And Fill up the Banks! O UR COMPANY hiving been organized and received as Company A, in Cul J. L Hsidee'a Regiment, now completing iu orguisition far servi -e on tbe COAST OF GEORGIA, We will accept a few wore lecroiti to all it up to tbe maximum nUncud The best ot Arm* end Cothing farnlmed ee boob ae the Regiment ti crgsnizid D C SMITH, Ctpleio. R W CRAVEN, 1st Lien". • * J H THRASHKR td Lieut. J J McKOY, B'n 2d licot. . J *■ Hordes Rifles.”- Mai dee’s Keg’t Os Vote. *> ell times at tt«oflire of will receive recruits and pey life SOU-TV OY *>0. Stunts. U»„ tlsr.h V, iSiS. mu SALK Oh’ xaoRoiu. W 1 *’• ttftj), st pnbiio eatery, Iu tbe Town . w IttUsboeu*. fair field UUtrlrt, B. C.oe Moudej Mb °* Mnrra n**t Thirty-Seven .tegrees- A credit or one X«*rwtUbegtTeBto(iircb4senwbodonot wish to psy UK cub. miTl-3v» The Attack on Charleston. AUCTION SALES. THK DBFEN0KS *’F THB-CII'Y—WX1Y TO* MOVR- MtiNT IS DKI.AYKD-IIW MANY MONITORS IT WILL MKQOIRB TO TaKK CIIAULKSTON, Ac. The Yankoes. are all agog over the move ment against Charleston, and are growing impatient as they were last summer in their “On to Richmond.” The special correspondent of the 'New York Herald, who accompanies the expedition,' writes from Hilton Head, S. C., where the numer ous fleet are rendezvousing: An immense pressure.lias been brought to bear on those in authority by Congress men and others, backed up by the pre vailing public sentiment, to bring about an immediate attack of that Sebastopol of America. Iteeems to be the general im pression among those who know nothing of ihe character of the defences of Charleston and the immense force at hand to garri son them, that it is an easy task to capture the place. There could be no more dan gerous error to fall into. The defences of Charleston are in every way superior and more formidable than those surrounding .Richmond, agaiust which our forces have been led in vain. Ail that science and skill could suggest, and labor and money lavishly expended could accomplish, have been applied to the strengthening of the fortifications about Charleston. New aud immensely strong works have been erected, oid ones* re-modeled and increased in strength, anti scientific skill has been ex hausted in making them complete against every assault. Now, in view of all these tacts, it would bo sheer insanity to attempt the reduction of tiie rebel works without an adequate force to successfully accom plish our designs. Our land forces may he weak, but we must rely upon the navy to gain’the victory, and that must have force strong enough to carry the day after the loss of vessels, a loss which will certaiuly occur, hefope our guns can hear upon the city. Under the concentric fire of several hundred gun's of the heaviest calibre, pro - tccted by evety available method that art can afford, how long will it be before our wooden squadron is melled away hefpre the storm of shell 1—and how many may reasonably expect to run the gauntlet of this terrific fire? It is safe to assume that one half or two thirds will be crippled before the walls of ,Sumter are passed; and then what other batteries await them ? Wooden vessels c.innotj’o up to the city, and we must rely upon iron clads to open the way to our victorious flag. And this brings me to the question I desire briefly to consider. How many iron clads are necessary to reduce the city of Charleston? Many, and l doubt not a vast majority of the public, who lirve not in vestigated the subject in all its bearings, seem to. think that three or four Monitors will be sufficient for the successful accom plishment of the work. If none were in jured, or run aground, or become'disabled in any way, perhaps three would l»e suffi cient; but, unfortunately, everything made by human hands is imperfect in one way or other, and liable to become deranged, and its success impaired, if not entirely de stroyed, by Lome unforseen contingenpe over which we have no control. It would lie absurd to say that tho Monitors are not to be reckoned in the same categoty, and it is the wisest, the safest coarse to accept all these contingencies as highly probable and likely to occur, and thereby determine the success or failure of our undertaking. In .the first place these Monitors must go into Charleston harbor alone and through the channel, which is not. novf perfectly known—a channel which is cov ered by a thousand heavy guns. No pilot, whose experience was gained before the war, would undertake to safely convey a vessel up to the city unless he could feel his way in with the lead. Ti^o buoys mark the channel, and its frequent shiftings have rendered useless air the marks by which the pilot formerly kept the proper channel. To suppose, under these circumstances, that alt the Monitors would escape the shoals and middle grounds that abound in Charleston harbor wo’uld be absurd. One might get ashore and serve us' a buoy for the others and soon, until two or three, or indeed all would be hard and fast from the entrance to'the. channel to the city helpless and worse than lost to us. W e can afford to lose several Monitors, if they are Bunk in action and safely out ot the rebel power; but we cannot afford to leave a single one on the beach, where the rebels may capture her, patch up her shot holes and send her out agaiust. us. Two of them would be very apt to termin- ate our possession of the soil of South Car olina. The rebels with one or tw > Moni tors would be nearly as well off as we are • and who could tell when the affair wouid end ? No!. If we are not entirely demen ted, no attack will be made on Charleston with less than six, and with as many more as can be sent here. When we are sure bf victory let us go ahead; but let not affairs be hastened that we may come out of a disastrous attack- shorn of our peculiar Ktrp.npfch.* Wa nan aflvtmi nmU A a* ' AUCTION SAULS. BY CRAUF0I1D, FJI.VZEK & CO.. S. J. SHACKELFORD, ADOVIONKKlt. r s REGULAR AUCTION SALKS oi onr Loose win hereafter be on TUESD \YS, TUtlR'DAt N A*l» MTMIUAV* or EVERY WEEK, AT HALF t*AST 10 O’OIiOCK. All floods, Worm end Chattels should bo sent In tb evening before, or early in tbe morning of sale day StoeV nates of Horses, Mules, &c., will commence at 4 o’clock on each regains sale dAy JnwTf-fn strength. We can afford to wait a little for success. Three Monitors can, it is thought, when safely past Sumter and Moultrie, ‘ capture the city. To get three through we must expect to lose an eqn&l number on- the way up. That is not too great an estimate, 1 am convinced. Besides, we shall find work for them in-aiding each other when ashore and in preventing the unfortunate ones from falling into the enemy’s hands. I have but hinted at ‘Some ot the difficulties to be overcome; hut a moment’s consider ation of these will satisfy any one that it would be folly to Attempt tbe great work of capturing the strongest place in America with a few Monitors. We must have 4k or eight, I repeat, wheu we make- tbe attack; or our success will not be so complete as we oould wish. . I have written theab.;ve for the sole pur pose ol curbing, if possible, the impatience of the public North. I do not pretend to know the plans of the Admiral here, and know nothing of the force to be used ia any movement, nor do 1 know that he has any design of attacking Charleston j but I presume he is as anxious to make an effort in that direction as we are to witness it. When he does attack, it will be a success ful one, I am confident, and we can well afford to await-the opportune hoar without impatience or giving ourselves unnecessary trouble. HOTICK. vv ° F1SBACK ie antbuilxed to treiie.it tmlln.-U i ** mm during my ebeenee 8 V WILLUiOUAJd. : ______ WASTED, A CCMPFIENT BOOK-KEEPER far • Cotton Vacto- tj. Apply to PEASE A DAVIS. EXTENSIVE CATALOGUE BaLS or IMPORTED GOODS BV D. MAYER, JAC0BE & 00., ATLA.NTA, GEORGIA, ON . ; ‘JueBday the 10th of March 1863, J. .1ACOIIK, Auctioneer. 5 1 UU1 TAM'S KLKU.tNT LAWNS ” ’*' ■i.ovo jonJ- M .mntn* Mue in (. owl )«rd« Kogtl'b Citlic.’M 10 O00 jwkU Wee-bed Sheeting S.*W yards Wenched Shining 4 cure U 1 cached Shirting • 1 <-.M Bleached Shin tug 1,008 yetds |d»i\ and doited Saris. Uastia » cases p 1 kid Uin Lari'* 1,000 yard elegant O »«imnes 4 case regatta Owiiaim 2 OuU yaid. t»nny Flannel 1000 yards white and rid Flannel . . .1 cam plain and block Wool de Loins 6* 0 d<«--u Oi tton Handkerchiefs 800 dcEon Linen Camb Ic Handkerchiefs (.oOdoxmi Merino Uuli Hate too dozen Laiiee' ttngUeb White Hues U 0 dozen ladies’ Kxp.«u.i»n Skirts 2,0:0 d. z*n Weslhaad 200 yards Spool Cotton 10 0 dozen Brx>ks’ 200 yard* Spo'4’8 dtou, black * I 80tt In. Patent Thread, iu Spool, and Sketos 00 lb. B'aek Seeing Sdk 800 dozen Horn fine U, mbs 300 dozen Ivory and Ontta Perchz Combs Ml T.<oth Brushes ICO Crimean Fancy Over Shirts too O admera and Flsanrl Miirts li 0 dome- Merino and Hhotlsnd Uudarsnirts loo dozen Merino and Shell-mi Drawers _ 1,003 l«e English Shoe Thread i00 Oil Cloth Over Goa's ■ M 0 yards Irish Linen ■ - aa di.aea suspenders ■ . ?; A tine lot of Millntry floods too pairs Ladies and Hfi-es flatten. Boots anil Shoes ^ 501 reams Commercial Note Paper 10 stedrs Liverpool 8 Jt IS sacks A'Mpire 3 bbls Qlanber Halts SMI pairs >.hite Linen Kota 100 jnlrs Caroln)Me Pants 100 H avy Over Coate 2 0 ftne C*.timers C<ata 100 block Frock Cunt A One ouorlment of Vests 2000 Hie Smoking Tobacco 200 boxes Tobacco 200 iarxee London Dock Brandy 100 bexsa fine Champagne 10,000 Imported Havana Clears S00 lb* Rite Powder 10U Carpet Brga An t quite a number of other goods too nnmerons to uieiiti >ii faint* goes at Seles Rooms Sal « PostllV • Ten.. Cash. mart-td To The Highest Bidder. J W1LL 8I LL TO THE HIGUKST BIDDER, on tbe fli.t Toesday ln March, at th*OIty Holt, • tract of t-aud lyl gju tattou county, within tlx mllo. ot Atlanta, Cimtaiuiug ttss acres. H ia situated between the '1 en’s jj err > 1Hn ‘* M«%>« on the Chattahoochee ri»er — . Sotveje have been tuado, rnunlng ’r -tn this city to Jacksunville, Ala, one crossing this teat, a.-.d thu.ither peasiug very near it. It has fully 80 aerea oi K'erd branch bottom, with a gi.od mi.l site, wher.-oua nail was once erected A'mut ihOanroaare cleared and under te. se—the balance well wo ded- part very heavy the improvement, are n pre.ty good dwelling with seve ral good out homos, cribs, ambles Ac, a well ol good water fo the yard and n good spring convenient, and ina y other things on tho place, and a small young cr- ch«d. Term* made known on the day of sale. Any on wishing to examine the place can call on John A Carte, on the p, ends. ■ JOHN FARRAR. Iebl8 9t: 14,17, IB M. Si, 24, 26 SMeb a^dS mm * NO MOKE OF THK SAME SORT. - -H*C SLtVW c U.HHKL1, h «* haoo far fifteen years tho * b«dy sevaut Of Cot Win V Sam lord, of Alnb ma, and has bad uch a tr. lotng as hut tew eervante bare received sine* the nays ,f -jnUN” end ‘-JUBA.’’ the trusted .Mlter famedte’ yaWwani. . John Randolph of Roan- RUhSKI.L is a ha_!thy. >kel, aud vigor, orman; about •3 years <»f age; intelligent., nergotic and polile; a SO- pxaiiut Coses nan, Pablo sup.. Dim so Room ajcd Uodt-Svk- TANiJ a good plain Paints,, and al-c a gord Barber. lfoesell Is on HrXAST end PaiiBPiiL .errant, without any , BE IS SOLS FOB NO FAULT. her, r to Col William P Simford. Auburn, Alabama? , W iVL! T Jl r bo ia w ? nt ^ class servant, of established character and enpertcr qnaltacatious, will do well IO examlue this boy. t'rico, ta.coa. If not sold at privates de be fare tbo lOih prox., Russell "‘J 1 on «h»t d.y to tho hishrst bidder. tet.SMul CRAW*OLD, PHAZfc.lt A CO ^ SELLING OUT Without Reserve. g^TlBRCES NEW RICE 16 hogtjjjffds Sugar In store 40 hogsheads Sugar to arrive 800 bushels flora Mfeol, Ao. At <sh7-tf VOLUNTEERS WAMTER. C MJ-*- RHODES and Serg’t. U W. CRAVEN, o) 'he HULL VOLUNTEERS. 1st Confederate Kegimenl wMVgin V..In,.toe,e, are now at heme for tbo purposo oi raising recruits for their hegiment 'Ihe* will ih. *' FtFt'F DOLLARS BuUNTX ” to nil who will volants- forward and enroll themselves. Hut ih,, w who will not listen to their roantry’g call, in ibis her hour m need, they a> e orders i to Conscript. N„ doubt the cell witleoowham da tote, *od ihe Exemption bill repealed »o «xne forward and volua-ter and saTe beingCrnscribed Tbeir oomm»od Is located at MOBILE, ALA , ooTof the mo,t desirable arul heal thy localities in the .ervl, e The' b^k^ * OTir ' 1 SitSS One of them Will be found at all lita « at tbe office oi Col* Qartre.1 A Hill on Whit hari.treo-. Jan31 tf CsptCom’gCo O, Ut ConfecKteg Qa Vci- $30 REWARD. ^ boat tho °f June lest, private J L M Uibbei.s company F. 13th G.i lleg’t. He i» about Jfip* l>0 paid for each of fclr * rre *'* d&lifeTy to £ome proper officer. fahSLit _ ■ joun f. hardin, fobas-it Uent Com’d’g Co F, 18ih Qa Reg’t