Newspaper Page Text
wetkto Chronicle & Sentinel.
OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
•years, or two subscribers one year for $5.
Ten subscribers, one year, for 3-0 00
Tri- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. .Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, MARCH 28.
The Mississippi.—The Vicksburg Constitu
tionalist of the 19th inst. says:—The river is
very high and rising rapidly. We do not fear
an overflow, but we are constantly reminded of
last year’s horrors.
Hr The Massachusetts Legislature on Thurs
day appointed a Committee, consisting of
Messrs. Hopkins, of Northampton; Bragg, of
Milford; and Taylor, of Granby, to proceed to
Northampton, for the purpose of attending the
funeral of the late Senator Bates.
.The Indians.—An able writer in the Nation
al Intelligencer shows that the project of a new
Territory west of lowa, contemplales'injustice
*o the Indian tribes, whom we have solemnly
pledged ourselves not to disturb. The whole
fc— attention.
A‘Fire at Newburyport.—A fire broke out
on Saturday, at Newburyport, Mass., in an en
gine house, which destroyed the engine and the
large machinc-shopofan enterprising mechanic,
Mr. E. S. Lesley, adjoining. Mr. Lesley’s loss
is estimated at S7OOO, whilst his insurance is but
©2500.
Custom Houik.—The Baltimore American
of Tuesday morning says: We learn that Mr.
Thomas Lloyd has been removed from the office
of Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore, and that
Mr. Wm. H. Cole, Jr., has been appointed in
his place. The removal of Mr. Lloyd is said to
have arisen from the tact that some days since
he sent a horse to the President's stable, accom
panied with a note announcing the animal to be
a present to Mr. Polk. The horse was ordered
to be sent back forthwith, and Mr. Lloyd to be
dismissed. This is the current story of the day.
FiRE Riot at Philadelphia.—A disgraceful
battle was fought between two of the up-town
fire companies, in the vicinity of the High
Bridge, Philadelphia, on Saturday night. A
woman, while closing her window shutters, was
struck by a brick-bat thrown by one of thejjeb
ligerents, and nearly k ilter
Atlantic and St. Lawrence Rail Road.—
Judge Preble, in a note to the Portland papers,
announces the passage of the bill for the con
struction of this road, in both houses of the Ca
nadian Legislature. The Governor, Lord Met.
calfe, was to give the royal assent on Monday-
The Judge describes the course and termini of
the road as follows:
"From the river St. Lawrence as nearly op
posite to the city of Montreal as may be found
desirable, in the general direction of St. Hya
cinthe and Sherbrooke, to the boundary line be
tween the province and the United States of
America, at such point or place of said boundary
line, near the Connecticut River, as that said
rail road may best connect with “The Atlantic
and St. Lawrence Rail road,” to be constructed
’ from Portland in the stale of Maine to said
boundary line, there to connect with the rail road
herebj’ authorized to be made and completed.”
It is our opinion that the, course mentioned
above is one as favorable for a rail road as any,
for same distance, within our knowledge.— I
JV. Y. Courier.
Life in N. Orleans— Sunday Amusements.
—The Tropic of Saturday morning, the 22nd
inst., says: “ The great Foot Race comes off
over the Metairie Course to-morrow (Sunday)
and from present appearances, the weather
being fine and favorable, we venture to predict
that there will be one of the largest assemblies
of people to witness it, than has ever been seen
in the South. We learn that the men have all
trained remarkably well, are in tip-top condi
tion and ‘ eager for the fray.’ The race has
been the engrossing subject of conversation for
some time past, and as the day approaches the
excitement increases, audit does seem as it 'all
the world and his wife’ were interested in tbe
result. We wish all the competitors 'good
•peed’ and hope the best men will win.
Protest of the Mexican Minister.—We
have been favored, says the N.Y. “Evening
Gazette," with an abstract of the protest made
_ Almonte to the Department of State,
which we publish below:
Abstract of the. Protest of Gen Almonte.— The
undersigned has the honor to address himself to
the Hon. Secretary ot State, in order to mani
fest the deep concern with which he has seen
that the President of the United States has given
his signature to a law admitting into this con
federacy the Mexican province of Texas.
He had flattered himself that tbe sound coun
sels of the most distinguished citizens, &c.,
would have led to a better result. Unhappily,
it has not been so, and against his hopes and
sincere vows, he sees consummated on the part
of this government, an act of aggression the
most unjust that modern history records—the
spoliation of a friendly'nation of a considera
ble part of its territory.
For these reasons, in obedience to his instruc
tions, he must protest, and doespro'est, in the
most solemn manner, in the name of iris Go
vernment, against the law, &c. He protests
also, that the act in a measure invalidates the
rights of Mexico to recover her province, of
which she is so unjustly dispossessed, and that
•he will maintain and give effect to those rights
by all the means within her power.
He also begs that the Secretary will let the
President know that, in view of all these facts,
his mission near this Government terminates
from to-day. He consequently begs that the
Hon. Secretary will forward to him his pass
ports, because it is his purpose to leave this city
as soon as possible lor New York.
He avails himself of this occasion, &c.
Friendship, says the Vicksburg Constitution
alist, yet lives in the world!—’tis rare, vet .there
are isolated instances, fresh and sweet —invigo-
rating and grateful like an oasis in the desert, to
av> ay worn, hungry and thirsty trav tiler—fnr its
rarity so much the more valued. ’Tis the
sweetener of human existence; it makes life sup
portable! ’Tis like the love ot a virtuous wife
no difficulties o’erwhelm and drown ns, when a
fnend is near, and a wife to cheer. The man
who performs a disinterested act ot friendship
has the richest reward; it lives with him, and
dwells with him in Heaven forever! Ingrati
tude adds glory to the act, and God gives bles
sings tenfold for the ingrate’s curses and enmity.
Female Shearins.—A correspondent ot the
Newark Daily Advertiser at Paris, relates the
following instance of
"At Caen, bpLa-short distance from ffouen,
thereja-a-HraTket, whilhei young gills resort,
hair, rich and glossy, deriving additional lustre
from the contrast with their naked shoulders.
This is the resort of the merchant barbers, some
of whom come even from England. The mer
chants pass along among them, examine the
color, texture, evenness, and other qualities of
the beautiful fleece, haggle lor a sous,and final
ly buy. The hair then, after being cut asclose
. y as possible to the head, is weighed and paid
tor, and thegirl goes home to prepare tor another
shearing, or perhaps to purchase a husband
with her money. An American girl prefers
to let her hair turn to silver on her own head,
or if it must be cut off, to enjoy the crop her
self
Harvard College.—We learn that the Hon.
John Pickering, LL. D., of Boston, is to suc
ceed Mr. Quincy as President of Harvard Col
lege. Mr. Pickering is a man ot great learning
apd moral worth.
The Terrible, the largest war steamer in the
world, 226 feet long and 46} feet beam, has been
launched at Deptford, England.
The quantity of wool which has come down
the New-York Canals, was in 1844, 7,672,300
lbs., and in 1843, 7,594,600 lbs.
The Ruling Passion.—Mathew’s attendant
in his last illness, intended to give the patient
some medicine, but, a lew moments alter, it
was discovered that the medicine was nothing
but ink, which had been taken from the phial
by mistake, and his friend exclaimed, "Good
Heavens! Mathews, I have given you ink.”
“Never—nevermind, my boy—never mind,”
said Mathews, iaintly— “l'll swallow a bit of
blotting paper." This was the last joke Ma
thews ever made.
The Boston Post is responsible for that.
Correspondence of the North, American.
New York, March 23, P. M.
The continued agitation of the Mexican ques
tion has tended to depress Stocks still mote, and
prices may be quoted at Jaj per cent lower than
on the 21st. Some of the strongest houses in
the street are sellers, but as before stated, it may
be all a run.
Politics begin to wax rather warm. The
Whig Mayor has been denounced by part of
the Whig press, and is supported cordially by
no part of it, except the Tribune, which is most
zealous. The motives of the Hetaid’s support
ar* differently staled. The Natives have in
troduced a new munition of political war, and
that is singing gills. At the Shiffler Club
rooms, so successful was this new experiment,
that it was at once resolved to adopt the plan and
make it general. At present the Whigs promise
to make a poor fight. The tone of tbeir press
will disgust a great many of them, who will
stay.from the polls, giving the Loco Mayor the
city.
A jury has been obtained to try Polly Bodine;
the result I leave you to conjecture, merely sta
ting that one ot the jurors has stated that if he
slept in a room adjoining another, and if upon
hearing a noise he,should look in and see a man
dead on the floor, and another over him with a
bloody knife, he would not pronounce him
guilty. The other jurors are of a similar class.
More Indian Disturbances.—Much excite
ment still prevails in the Creek Nation, arising
out of another small skirmish between some
Creeksand Pawnee Mahas. It appears, accord
ing to the Western Frontier Whig, that a few
Crei ks were out on the prairies hunting when
they were waylaid and one of their numberdan
gerously wounded by the Pawnee Mahas. The
Creeks returned the fire with success, killing
one of their enemies. They then cut off his
arm at the elbow and again at the wrist; eating
the flesh from the arm, and sending the hand in
to their chief, Gen. Mclntosh, who has called a
general council ofall the Indians of the prairies,
and of the whole west and south-west, to be
held in May next, at the Creek Council Ground.
Pic. _
The Anti-Rent Trials at Hudson.—We
learn from Hudson that it was not until six
o’clock last evening that a jury was obtained to
try the first of these cases, viz: the indictment
against Boughton for robbing the Sheriff of his
papers at Copake. The court house has been
crowded throughout the week, but though a good
deal of interest is manifested in the progress and
result of the trial, there has not been the slight
est attempt at disturbance.— Alb. Jour, of Sal.
Executive Clemency.—We understand that
Captain Sangster, who was convicted at the
late Criminal Court of an assault on ex-Presi
dent Adams, wan on Saturday last pardoned by
the President.— Nat. Int.
The Indian Fight.—The Van Buren (Ark.)
Intelligencer, of the 4th inst. says:—“ The skir
mish which we spoke of last week as having
taken place between a portion ot the Pawnee
Mahas and a party ofCreeks, turns out to have
been between the Osages and Creeks. Tbe ex
citement is very great in the Creek nation.
Capt. Boone was ordered to the place of action
with hiscompany of dragoons, and two compa
nies ot infantry have proceeded to his assistance.
From the Sarannah Republican of the 26th ins
From Matanza*.
The schr. Exchange, Capt. Kellogg, arrived
al this port yesterday, from Matanzas, having
lefton the 13th inst.
Capt. Kellogg reports that the barque John
Winthrop, of Boston, Capt. Mirene, from Ha
vana, bound to Matanzas, struck a rock about
eight miles from Matanzas, on the 81 h inst., and
sunk in fifteen . f.iules after she struck. The
Captain, iris wife and the crew, had a very nar
row escape, saving nothing but the clothes they
had on at the time.
We are indebted to commercial houses for
the following extracts ot letters, dated—
Matanzas, March 13.
“ Since our last respects, the Zephyr and John
Hancock, arrived from Charleston with Rice,
and the Exchange from your port —none of
which is yet sold.
“Molasses is up to 4 rls. and but little to be
had at this price. The deficiency in the export
from the Island will be at least 100,000 hhds. as
compared with last year.”
“ Matanzas, March 13.
“The schrs. Zephyr and John ffoncock, trom
Charleston, and schr. Exchange, from your
port, with cargoes ot Rice, remain unsold.
“ A few lots ot Muscovado Sugar have come
forward, one parcel, pretty good quality, sold at
5{ rls., and now we ask 6$ for middling sorts.
Os box Sugar, there will not be more than 25.
to 30 per cent, of the quantity produced last
year.
" Molasses is selling at 4rls., and little to be
got.
“ Exchange on London, 12 © 121 prem.; on
New York and Boston 2J ©3.”
“ Matanzas, March 13.
“ We have no sales of Rice to communicate,
neither do we see any opportunity tor transac
tions until after the coming holidays, as our
dealers are well supplied, and sales at Havana
are made at rates under what our dealers are
willing to lake. The drought still continues,
and it is evident that the receipts of Molasses
will not be more than one-third of that of last
year.”
The Quebec Mercury givesan account of the
death by cold of Donald McLaren, who was ein
ploj’ed to carry the mail from Metis to Risti
gonche, 97 miles, which he did on toot twice a
week, thus walking in the winter on snowshoes
194 miles every six days, with a mail bag
weighing from 35 to 40 pounds upon his back.
He was a man of iron constitution, wliose pow
ers of endurance were the wonder and admira
tion of all who knew him.
The heavv storms of January were too much
for him, and he was ill fora week, after which
he renewed his journeys, but with diminished
strength. In one ot them, he encountered a se
wrestorn?raHd.was overcome in the night, and
forced to siek shelter, under spruce bushes,
where he was found by anoffier carrier who had
feared he would be unable"to make his way,
and had generously gone after him. He reach
ed a house alive, but very weak and soon after
died.- Courier.' \
TV The citizens of Van Buren, Ark„ are re
joicing over the arrival of some eignt.or ten
steamboats at that place, after a suspensran of
navigation for full seven months on accounrof
low water. Groceries, ct cetera, were going off
with a rush, to the delight of all classes, but to
none more than those who had been drinking
sassafras tea, without sugar, until they had al
most began to esteem it a luxury.— Pic.
Steamboat Accident.—The steamboat Eve
line, Capt. Irwin, on the 7th inst., about thirty
miles below Van Buren, on tbe Arkansas river,
broke her shaft, cam-rods, burst her cylinder
head, and otherwise injured her machinery.
She was on her upward trip.— Pic.
Horrible Occupation.—A London paper ot
February 24, relates the particulats of a police
investigation, from which it appeared that the
keepei of a small burying-grotind had been in
the habit of disintering bodies and burning them,
to make room for other interments! The at
mosphere in the vicinity had been rendered in
tolerable
Thisdismal workof combustion had usually
been commenced about It o’clock in the even
ing, and continued through the night. Wit
nesses testified that the practice had been to dis
inter the bodies after two or three days, and
“chop them up and burn them !” What will
not men do for money ? To what depths of de
gradation and beastliness cannot human nature
be reduced in a large :ity like London?
Victoria and her Babes.—A lady-friend,
who has been at Brighton while the Queen was
there lately, makes the following reliable men
tion ot the Royal family, in a letter to the editor
ot the “Mirror," received by the Cambria:
“ Brighton has been gay enough since the Queen
has been here. Such crowds of people ! Her
turn-out of a pony phaeton, with tour outriders,
is the prettiest thing conceivable. She is out at
all hours, often on the Pier at nine in the morn
ing, (and snow on the ground, too,) and she
breakfasts soearly that the servants are obliged
to get her Majesty’s breakfast before they have
time to eat their i wn! She is looking much
older this year, older than she really is, indeed.
The little Prince of Wales, whom I see almost
every day, is a meek-looking, fair boy, rather
nice in his appearance, but the girls sesm to me
very plain.”
From the Macon ( Ga.) Telegraph.
The Planting Interest of Georgia.
It requires a strong appeal to men’s apprehen
sions or interests, to alter their habits. The low
price of cotton, and the prospects of its remain
ing low, now presents such an appeal to plan
ters, as cannot pass unheeded to such as expect
to prosper. Close attention to business by
which their crops may be brought to market in
good order, and by which every unnecessary ex
penditure may be avoided, is the only plan to
sustain themselves, with such prices as they
may expect in future. Absentees, who havelived
at a distance from their plantations, and known
nothir g of them, except the amount their cotton
sold ' it at the end of the year, must now yield to
the necessity of the case, and leave tbeir town
residences and expensive habits, and go to their
real nomes, and attend to their business; or if
that is irksome, they must expect the sheriff to
take charge for them, after they have run out the
usual course ot borrowing from Peter to pay
Paul, for a tew years. They must choose be
tween the two.
Men who live at home, and are considered
tolerably prudent and industrious, have changes
to make in their management. The old mode
of pickingout their cotton, lull of leaves and
trash wont answer any longer. Rieketty old
running gear, giving a lurch and shriek at every
revolution of the wheel, must now leave its an
cient abode, to give place to steady machinery,
that will not rack the gin, and the gin with teeth
awry and brushes worn or gone, napping the
cotton and admitting imperfect seed to go through
with the staple, must be replaced with new and
good ones. The miserable plan of cramming
two or three hundred weight of cotton, into a
round bag, with a crow bar, stifling the packer
during the operation, with dust and lint enough
to wear out lungs of sole-leather in a few years,
a plan unworthy ot ail intelliceni -j—-n-in-
Irave to t>eaband'oned, and a screw built on every
plantation, to put up neat square packages.
What is the cost of having a screw put up,
after the planter with his own hands, has got out
tbe timber? Not more than thirty dollars.
Well, suppose he only raises thirty bags of cot
ton; if it is packed neatly in square bags, it will
sell for a quarter of a cent per pound more than
if in round. A quarter of a cent per pound on
a bag weighing 400, would be one dollar, and on
the thirty bags, it would be thirty dollars lie
would receive more, for the square, than for
round bales, which would be exactly the amount
his screw cost. It he raises onlv fifteen bags,
the screw pays for itself in two years; if he
raises thirty bags, it will pay for itself in one.
Suppose he makes sixty bags, the screw pays for
itself, and pays a profit of thirty dollars the first
year besides. Andyetjhere are men that make
a hundred, even two hundred bags, who pack
them in round bales, just “because their daddy’s
did so and got along in the world tolerably well,”
some ten or twenty years ago, when cotton was
15 or 16 cents a pound. All this kind ot unre
flecting adherence to old customs—necessary
only at a time when the screw had not yet been
applied to packing cotton—must give way be
fore a new order of things.
In short, planters will not be long in discover
ing, that lewer bags of cotton, picked out clear
of trash, ginned in such a manner as to preserve
the staple, and packed with good bagging and
rope, and the seams closed perfectly with strong
twine, will pay better than more gathered and
sent to market in the old fashion. They will
plant no more than they can handle properly,
and more attention will be paid to putting it up.
They will come to it after awhile; necessity is a
good teacher. And with cotton at present prices,
can they afford to give a pound of cotton for a
pound ot meat, instead of raising their own
meat at home? Gan they afford much longer,
as they now manage to do, to exchange the pro
ceeds ot four or five bags pl cotton ($80) tor a
mule, instead of raising that-mule at home, from
a mare which would aid in ploughing besides.
“ Old things have passed away,” and those who
do not expect to see their j ropetty pass away
with them, and go into thriftier hands, will have
to abandon this wretched mode, which is im
poverishing themselves, ruining this country,
and sending off all the net profits of our labor
into other States.
The nearest approach to desolation that a
country at all inhabited can present, is a neigh
borhood of large plantations, where the owners
live at a distance, and raise laige crops of cotton,
have a little corn to buy, and all their meat.*
The crazy old cabins, looking for all the world
likesomany dead-falls, only waiting for the
next high wind to tumble’down on their sleeping
occupants. The red hilts, variegated occasion
ally with a patch of brown straw and a gully
large enough to hold the village court house,
stands off in lonely back ground, a few star-.-ed
shoats tottering along the lane, and a worn out
mule or two, with sore backs, complete the pic
ture. But just look into the corn crib and meat
house, and see how near empty they are in July,
before you go. Now would you believe that the
owner ot such a place and his family, are dash
ing aboht in a fine carriage not yet paid for, per
haps, and living in expensive style? It is even
so. How can a country prosper with such a
population—such a race of “nati consumers
fruges,” as Sallust characterizes a similar popu
lation in his day. But their duration is brief.
They must conform to the altered times and be
come pains-taking, economical agriculturists,
orthose who superintended their business now,
will become the owners.
Suppose every planter should resolve to plant
only so much cotton, as he could gather pro
perly, and make more corn, raiseall his meat and
mules, and preserve his land by ditching his hill
sides, and other judicious methods. In five
years, what an alteration there would be in the
prosperity of this country, and his own circum
stances. The whole face of the land would be
gin to smile, and a new tone of public feeling
would ensue.
Occasionally, in passing through this country,
we are invited by an appearance of comfort and
plenty, to stay all night at the hou.se of a planter
who raises his own meat and mules, and corn to
sell. In no case has it happened that such a man
was in debt. He had money by him invariably,
to loan to his neighbors or invest in property.
There is an air of independence, a peace ot mind
about such a man, that is refreshing from the
rarity. The very (three year old) hogs, grunting
about lazily and fat, seem to partake of their
owner’s feelings of content, and groups of colts
frolicing in the pasture, seem conscious almost
tliat there will be corn in store lor them, during
their lives. You never see a surly looking visi
ter there, come for money long due, and with
held, with evasive and broken promises, peering
at the furniture and fixtures as it he was calcu
lating how much they would bring at sheriff’s
sale* Now suppose this country populated by
such men, what a difference it would make in its
prosperity. The people as individuals would
be independent and happy, and the whole land
would “ blossom as the rose.” A change which
every man can profitably make, in the manage
ment of his business, can soon bring it about.
The whole secret consists in making no more
cotton, than they have time to gather and send
to market in goodordcr; making plenty of corn;
and raising all their meal and mules.
* It has not been long since, we saw a planter buying
axt-hdves in this place ; and another buying haines for
his plantation.
From Havana.—The steamship Alabama,
Capt. Windle, punctual to her time as usual,
arrived last evening from Havana, bringing us
regular tiles of papersup to the 19th inst., as
well as a letter from our correspondent.
The Alabama brought over upwards ot fifty
passengers, among them Senior Haroly Tama
riz, Santa Anna’s late Minister of Finance. It
may be recollected, that he was the individual
who took the fallen tyrant’s propositions to the
new Congress.
t)ur Havana files do not appear to contain an
item worth copying.— Picayune 23<7 inst.
Havana, March 19, 1845.
We Are now at the beginning ot the holy week
or Eastei>/io!idays here, and business partakes of
the natural-depression it causes. The Captain-
General hasgone to the baths of San Diago, and
the Custom House will be closed after 10-day for
six consecutive days. Our war steamers are
just now very b'tvily engaged, exchanging the
garrisons at theZlifferent points—one portion of
the policy of odr Government being, not to per
mit the troops to, form local attachments. How
little does this speak for the motherly affections
of our Home Government towards Cuba!
Business is excessively dull. Sugar is be
ginning tn come in more freely, but the short
croppists are gaining their point, and prices ac
cordingly rule high—say Bjl2 to llj!5 reals.
The demand for tfte Spanish market is the only
one that can meet ithese rates.
Molasses has experienced a most extraordinary
advance: 44 reals is asked, and occasionally ob
tained for small ®>ts; but few touch the article,
persuaded that itjnust recede.
Exchange rules! high, in consequence of the
scarcity of sellersY London 12J to 13 per cent,
premium; New Yjork 2$ per cent, premium;
New Orleans 3| to 4 per cent. prem.
Freights are excessively dull. Many vessels
now here which were taken in Europe at £3 on
speculation, are 'now offered at £2 ss. This
was the last rate inade for Cowes.
The barque Lojii’a, of New York, arrived
just now in wanu of men. She comes from
Campeachy, wheje the crew mutinied and were
put in irons. Hours truly, ARIEL.
55- In Alsace to vnship, Berks county, Pa.,
about five miles fre m Reading, a large body of
magnetic iron ore i as been discovered. It is
found in great abtir dance immediately under the
surface, and is said t 0 he very rich.
T3-A quarry oflvariegated marble, ot an ex
cellent quality, haAbeen discovered nsar Lex
ington, Missouri, i
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 3, 1845.
SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 29.
Cotton.—Our Market since the receipt of
the late Foreign accounts has been very active,
and the sales for the last five days have reached
12 to 15,000 bales, at prices fully establishing an
advance of % a } cent on the rates of last week.
Yesterday, in consequence of the large amount
offering, the market was a little easier, but no
positive decline was noted. Indeed, choice crop
lots readily command 6 cents. We note sales
of two crops; one 0f,289 bales, at 6 cents round,
and the other ot 189, a 65 cents round.
Savannah Market.—The Georgian of Thurs
day says:—ln this market, since the receipt of
the Cambria’s advices, a heavy business has
been transacted in cotton, at an advance on
former prices of full jths of a cent, the sales
yesterday reaching about 3,000 bales at this ad
vance.
Mr. Berrien’s Speech The Richmond
“ Whig,” in concluding the publication of Sen
ator Berrien’s speech remarks: “We conclude
to-day the statesmanlike speech of this illustri
ous American. We feel the moral assurance
that no man competent to embrace and connect
his argument, can read it without a thorough
conviction of the impossibility of refuting it.”
Our venerable fellow-citizen, Col. Henry
Purkitt, enteredhis ninetieth year on Monday
last. He is supposed to be the enA/ suryiypr_oC
thv-taultras rea pa-ty 4 which iteso’-eyed-thc car
goes of tea in Boston harbor, previous to the
revolutionary struggle. The aged patriot enjoys
remarkable heajjWorone so advanced in years.
—Doslyn Journal.
Hessian Fly in the Wheat.—The Mil
ledgeville Journal of the 25th insL says:—We
learn that the Hessian Fly is in the Wheat, in
several ot the neighboring counties, and that
their ravages have been dreadful. Whole fields
have been totally destroyed by this troublesome
insect, and others will yield not more than a
fourth ot what was confidently anticipated some
weeks ago. We have been told, that, in an ad
joining county, a wealthy farmer who always
plants largely in wheat, found that one of his
wheat fields was totally destroyed by them,
while the adjoining field (the two being separa
ted by a worm fence only,) was untouched. It
has been remarked too, that, in straight lines,
across whole fields, from ten to fifty yards apart,
the desftuction would be entire, while the ba
lance would present a wholesome appearance’.
These are singular facts, worth attention, and
we hope will receive it, at the hands of the able
editor of the Southern Cultivator.
Darino Adventure.—Yesterday morning,
says the Savannah Republican, while the Br. ship
Sesostris, Capt. McKenzie, was lying in the
stream opposite the city, a boy belonging to the
ship fell from the forward part of the vessel into
the water. Capt. McKenzie, who was at the
time in thecabin, rushed on deck, and being una
ble to swim, called upon some of the crew to
save him. Finding that no one was willing to
make tbe effort, he sprang at once into tbe river,
and at the peril of his own life, seized the drown
ing boy. Fortunately, a boat from the wharf
arrived in time to save both “from a watery
grave.” Suchdaiing intrepidity deserves honor
able mention, and should commend Capt. M.
to the favorable consideration of the public.
Desperate Apfrat.—The Memphis Eagle
of the 21st instant says:—A most bloody affray
occurred in Hernando between several men,
some eight or ten days since, thefull particulars
of which we have in vain been waiting to re
ceive. It occurred between T. J. Matlock, Esq.,
and Iris brother and overseer on one side, and a
Mr. Forrest on tne other, it seems tne Mat
locks had a dispute with another person, when
young Mr. Forrest made some interfering re
marks; sometime after which he and the Mat
locks met, when some exciting language rose
between them, which induced one ot the Mat
locks to raise a stick to strike Forrest, who im
mediately drew a revolving pistol and set it to
work as fast as possible, shooting both of the
Matlocks through; the younger, T. J., through
the shoulder and the upper part of the breast,
and the other through the arm, which has since
been asnputaled; Mr. T. J. Matlock lies in a
doubtful state ; young Mr. Forrest also received
a slight pistol wound in his arm. The most
melancholy part ot the affray was the death of
old Mr. Forrest, father ot the other, who stood
some yards off during the affray, offering no in
terference. It is said he was deliberately shot
down by Mr. Matlock’s overseer, without the
least provocation ; other reports say the pistol
was not aimed at him—the overseer is in jail.
Mr. Forrest was a most worthy and estimable
citizen.
A Whole Hog.—The N. H. Courier says
t hat Capt. Enoch Mirrill of Andover, in that
Slate, on the 17th inst., slaughtered a hog hard
ly two years old, weighing after it was dressed,
886 pounds—the largest hog ever slaughtered in
New Hampshire.
The average cost of running on railroads in
the State ot New York is 64 cents per mile. In
Massachusetts in 1843 the average was 77 cents
The following table presents in one viewthetotaj
length of rail way, cost, excess of receipts ove r
expense, number of passengers, together with
the number of miles run for tty: past year, on
the roads ot New York and Massachusetts:
New York Massaehueelts.
Length miles 640 665
Cost $19,606,737 $24,526,547
Total revenue ©1,883,658 $2,949,156
Miles run 1,257,530 1,862,230
Excess of receipts over
expenditures ©1,100,117 ©1,510,870
Number of passengers not full 1,065,130
Revenue from passen-
gers $1,426,530 f 11,862,230
Revenue from frieght,
&c. $457,129 ©1,227,036
Correspondence of the. North American.
New York, March 24, P.M.
The weather continues cold and bleak, fully
sustaining the character of March. Business
in most all departmentsis active, and the amount
of goods going off is quite large.
Specie shipments have hot entirely ceased
yet—sß9,ooo went last week, of which $75,000
were tor Havre, on broker’s account. The im
ports were but little over S4OOO.
A report is current in South-street that the
Dramatic line of packets, Siddons, Roscius,
Garrick, and Shakspeare, are tor sale—terms
©190,000, or all they are worth. One ship is
nine years old, and the others seven and more.
The amount of revenue at this port for the
week ©344,017 61. Next week it will be very
large. Five first class packet ships have arriv
ed within thirty-six hours, with full cargoes.
Fitz-boodle’s Hint to the Ladies.—Whilst
ladies persist in maintaining the strictly defen
sive condition, men must naturally, as it were,
take the opposite line, that of attack; otherwise,
if both parties held aloof, there would be no
more marriages; and the two hosts would die
in their respective inaction, withoutever coming
to a battle. Thus it is evident that as the ladies
will not, the men must take the offensive. I,
for my part, have made in the course ot my
life, at least a score of chivalrous attacks upon
several fortified hearts. Sometimes I began my
work too late in the season, and winter suddenly
came and rendered further labors impossible;
sometimes 1 have attacked the breach madly,
sword in hand, and have been plunged violently
from the scaling-ladder into the ditch; some
times 1 have made a decent lodgment in the
place, when—bang ! blows up a mine, and I am
scattered to the deuce ! and sometimes when 1
have been in the very heart of the citadel—ah,
that 1 should say it!—a sudden panic has struck
me, and I have run like the British out of Car
thagena! One grows tired after a while •! such
perpetual activity. Is it not time that the ladies
should take an innings? Let us widowers and
,bachelors form an association to declare, that
for the next hundred years we will make love
no longer. Let the young women make love
to us; let them write us verses; let them ask us
to dance, get us ices and cups of tea, and help
us on with our cloaks at tbe hall door; and if
[they are eligible, we may perhaps, be induced to
yield and to say, ‘ La, Miss Hopkins—l really
never—l am so agitated—ask papa I”— Frazer’s
Magazine.
in South Carolina.
Few of our says the Savannah Re
f publican, are fullyfware of the extent to which
, manufactures havieen carried in our neigh-
I boring State. Mfeollectthefollowingparticu
-1 lars from the adiiss of Mr. Roper, recently de
• livered before ttoAgricultural Society ot that
State. They wj not fail to excite some atten
-1 lion among our j-opt? if they do not convince
them of thepraciabilily as well as the impor
tance ot devotingitiention to other subjects be
sides the mere rating of cotton. The slight
advance in priceioticed in our paper of yester
day, and which wiaitotaclined to regard main
ly as the result of lie proposed reduction of du
ties, will hardly bj maintained longer than is
required for the platers to put the new crop in
the ground. Thawing done, the residue of
the present crop bqi£ drawn out of tbe store
houses on this side*4 the water, and the Euro
pean markets beingfeyain glutted, we may an
ticipate low prices, | least until the approach of
the subsequent plating season. Such has been
the experience in pAyears, and such it will
likely be again. Openly security is in foster
ing our own manufqtsres, and gaining as much
by home do our rivals by the re
duction of duties andj...er temporary expedients.
The history of in South Carolina
is not uninstructive. that even under
disadvantageous capital ’■an. be
mir.xtasev.ty
tions of the Union, »nCY».i. a system of manu
factures can be triumvbtntly sustained, without
incurring the expense t,t? delay of transporting
the raw material thousauls of miles to enrich
those who have little sympathy with us, and less
disposition to further otr prosperiy.
Mr. Roper says, “thi>: the first totton manu
factory established in Sorth Carolna was com
menced by Mr. Mayrant Sumter b 1833—the
motive power was mule, which, of tourse, was
too irregular in its motijnto insure success, and
it proveda failure; though this experiment did
not fail until it had demonstrated the fact, and
elicited the acknowledgment front a Yankee
machinist—‘ that negro agency in tie spinning
department, was equal to any flher he had
known:’ '
Mr. Roper further observes:
“ Since this primitive effort, or siice 1833. fif
teen cotton and three small woolletumills, pro
pelled by water-power, have been ft operation,
together with tour iron factories. The cotton
mills now drive 16,355 spindles, requiring the
labor of 570 operatives. They wofk'up 1,962,-
000 lbs., or near 7,000 bags of cotton into 1,746,-
716 yards of homespun, and have an invested
capital of ©617,450. The Bivingsville Cotton
Manufactory, with 1,500 spindies, works upon
an average, 600 bags of cotton jer annum, and
adds ©50,000 value to the raw material. The
iron founderies employ 248 met, with a capital
of $113,000, and distribute throighout the coun
try, ©280,000 worth of iron wan, nails and bar
iron. TheSouth Carolina Iroi Manufacturing
Company, produces ©70,000 worth of iron, turned
out in bar iron, castings and mils, employs 80
hands per annum, operates ata cost of ©44,-
000, and yields ©26,000 profit tolhe stockholders,
and in addition, furnishes a narket for 5,000
bushelscorn. The corporatioraof Spartanburg,
with Nesbitts, buy of the farmers 15,000 bushels
of corn!”
The manufactures of leathers estimated by
Mr. Roper,at ©578,301. "All these factories
consume about 70,000 bushels »f corn and wheat
with a proportionate quantity »f beef and pork,
and other essentials of subsistence.”
Such tacts as the above, says the American
Farmer, are truly encouraging;and auger well
for the future thrift of the people «f the " Palmetto
State.” They show that they aie awake to their
true interests, and will proceed tnward to avail
themselves of their immense resources —of their
vast mineral wealth and water power, and be
come in fact an indep»n<fo*>: penrfo. i.
Bicknell’s Philadelphia Reporter of Wednes
day says: Our money market is without change.
The Bank rate is 6 cent, and this is readily
obtained, while out of doors the rates range from
7} to 9, the former being for first rale, and the
latter for good paper.
Both branches of the Pennsylvania Legisla
ture have fixed on the 15th of April for final
adjournment.
The case of Caleb J. McNulty, charged with
embezzling the funds of the Government while
Clerk of the House of Representatives, has been
postponed until the next Jane Term ot the
Criminal Court of Washington county.
The Detroit Advertiser announces the
death of George Morrell, Esq., late Chief Jus
tice of Michigan, on the Bth inst., in the 60th
year of his age.
Fire.—Afire occurred on the premisesof Mr.
J. D. McFarland, of Troup county, on the eve
ning of the 18th inst., which consumed two
bouses. A negro child was in one of the houses,
and before assistance arrived wasburnt to death.
The Danville, Pa., Intelligencer states that
the Montour Iron Company at that place have
just added to their extensive works a large
foundry for making heavy castings, and that
they have determined to erect another furnace
this season, ot extraordinary capacity. The
new rolling mill is nearly completed. This is
probably the most extensive iron making con
cern in the country. The fuel used is anthra
cite coal.
The Precocity or the Season.—The
Charleston Courier of yesterday says: "A gen
tleman informed us that he gathered a mess of
artichokes and a mess of strawberries yesterday,
from his garden in this city. We also under
stand that ripe strawberries were sold in the city
as early as Saturday last.
Three men and a horse were instantly
killed in New York, on Monday afternoon, by
the explosion of an old bomb shell, from which
a mechanic was extracting the composition.
Fatal Rencontre.—The Edgefield (S. C.)
Advertiser, of Thursday says: “It again be
comes our painful record another fatal
affray, which occurred on Monday last, near
Dunton’s Post Office, about nine miles north
west of this Village, between Mr. Chas. Price
and Mr. Benjamin F. Jones, in which the latter
was almost instantly killed, by the discharge of
a shot gun in the hands of Mr. Price. We
have understood the cause to be some family
difficulties, but we forbear making any remarks,
as Mr. Price came directly to this place for the
purpose of delivering himself into the hands of
the proper authorities, and will be tried by a
jury of his countrymen. Price is now in Jail.
We also learn, that a similar occurrence took
place near Aiken, between a Mr. Btickhalier
and a Mr. Taylor, in which the latter was
dangerously wounded, and at latest dates was
not expected to recover.
A machine has been invented at Chicago,
which promises to supercede the use of spades.
By tbe assistance of two yoke of oxen and two
men, it will cut a ditch two feet deep by three
feet at the top and eighteen inches at the bottom,
at the rate of 20 roods per day.
Discovery of Lithographic Stone in Ca
nada.—Mr. Logan, the geologist, at present em
ployed in a geological survey in Canada, has
made a discovery, says the Montreal Gazette,
wirich promises to be of great importance. He
has found near lake Simcoe great beds of litho
graphic stone—namely, that used in the litho
graphic art for taking Qe drawings, and produc
ing the impressions on paper. So large is this
bed, that Mr. Logan has explored it for sixty or
seventy miles! Hitherto, Germany has been
the sole source from which the world has l>eeu
supplied with this valuable article.
A Facetious Coon.—A few nights ago, an
unsophisticated Whig happened to find himself
in a crowd of democrats—perhaps at a demo
cratic association. On discovering the half-ter
rified Whig, a number of democrats bawled
out, “Coon, Coon,” “Israeli a Coon,” “I
smell a Coon,” “ I smell a Coon!” The Whig
facetiously replied, " The reason you smell a
Coon is, because there is so much dog in ys.”—
Apalachicola Adv.
From the Baltimore American.
The Oregon Question—British Views.
The prominence given to the Oregon ques
tion by the recent agitation of that subject in
Congress, and by the passage of certain reso
lutions of occupation by the House of Repre
sentatives, has caused, as might have been ex
pected, some sensation in England. In the Lon
don Times of the Ist instant an article appears
on the subject, containing views which, perhaps,
are not much different from those entertained by
the British Government.
This journal professes moderation of lan
guage while it speaks of “ the malignant jealou
sy” of the people of the United Slates—also of
their “ unscrupulous ambition.” ft intimates
that it is not easy "to discriminate between the
ponderous levities of American legislation,
brought forward merely to gratify party pas
sions or national vanity, and supported by
nothing but a certain faith in their failure, and
those measures of Congress which really do re
present the will and the policy ot the American
people.”
This may be very moderate language; but it
cannot be called complimentary. “We are
most unwilling,” adds the Times, "to incur the
ridicule of attaching importance to mere dis
plays of ignorant rancour against foreign na
tions—the favorite resource of democratic
orators, who imagine that to bully other coun
tries is the best way of serving their own.”
This Oregon question, however, is believed
to have something in it more than mere displays,
and leaving the Times to its own ideas ot what
is meant by “ moderation” of language we come
to its practical views on the point at issue. We
quote the following:
“A bill ot a most extraordinary kind has
passed... tbe of Repreeen
and referred to a are,
therefore, not combating a mere phantom in di
recting public attention to this flagrant encroach
ment on the rights and territories of the Crown
ot England, which, if it do actually receive the
sanction ot the Congress, violates the conven
tions existing between u« and the United States
with reference to the Oregon territory, puts an
end to negotiation by assuming a direct sove
reignty over the whole tract lying between the
42 deg. ands 4 degree 40 min. of latitude, and
binds the United States Government to plunge
at the expiration of a twelve month into all the
hazards of an open contest with Great Britain
for the possession ot an unappropriated region
on the shores of the Pacific. We have no hesi
tation in expressing our opinion that the claim
of Gt eat Britain to the whole territory in dis
pute is just, substantial, and historically as well
as geographically complete. If any blame can
be attached to the past negotiations on the sub
ject in 1818 and in 1827, it is that English
Ministers have not insisted enough on the ex
tent and integrity of our rights, and that the
Americans have been allowed to convert the
very slight doubt they endeavored to throw over
a part of the case into an admitted right ot joint
occupation. Subsequent investigation has re
moved that doubt, and convinced us of the
validity of our whole claims; but it is too late
to put our case as high as it originally stood,
and still stands, on its own merits. We have
acknowledged the principle of a joint occupa
tion, with a view to the ultimate partition of the
land, and we must abide by it.”
The " ultimate partition ot the land” is the
result then to which the British journal looks;
the British Government looks to the same re
sult. The " moderation” ot its language is
urged by the Times as a proof of its “ readiness
to accept an amicable and equitable adjustment
ot disputable rights to waste territories;” 1 !! will
yield nothing, however, "to menace, illegal
assumption or violence.”
“The disputed rights of the two States to the
Oregon territory,”—we quote from the London
journal,—“are precisely a case for such an ad
justment; and probably the best method of arri
ving at this result would be by referring the mat
ter to the arbitration of a third state, provided the
powers ot the arbiter were sufficiently extended,
and both parties were rigorously bound to abide
by the award. This expedient has been repeated
ly but ineffectually urged upon the Cabinet of
Washington by Mr. Packenhamin the course of
the negotiation. But in the United States mea
sures of conciliation and prudence are not to the
taste of the reigning populace.”
We quote the following summary of the
claims of England and the grounds upon which
they are based—making no comment for the
present:
“ The claim to prior discovery on the part of
the American Captain Gray fails to the ground,
since it is proved that he only discovered and
barely entered the mouth of the river Columbia,
and that Captain Vancouver was the first officer
who explored that stream and its banks. On the
4th of June, 1792, Captain Vancouver, at Pos
session Sound, took possession, with the usual
formalities, of all the coast of New Albion (as
it had first been called by Sir Francis Drake,)
from latitude 39 degrees 20 m. to the inlet of the
strait of St. Juan de Fuca. The settlement sub
sequently made by Mr. Astor at the mouth of
the river was the unauthorised act of a private
individual, and established no national rights
whatever.
By the treaty of 1873, which recognised the
independence of the United States, the fiontier
of the Republic was defined with as much ac
curacy as the state of geographical knowledge
admitted of; and it did not extend westward be
yond the source of the Mississippi. Nor did the
subsequent acquisition of Louisiana, by pur
chase from France, extend the rights of the Uni
ted States beyond the Rocky mountains. The
northern and north-western tract never formed
part of the Government of Louisiana at all, but
of that of Canada; and that tract was ceded to
Great Britain by the treaty of 1763, when France
surrendered the province to which it belonged.
She still retained Louisiana, but she did not re
tain, or ever after assert any claim whatever to
those territorial rights extending to the Pacific,
which she had possessed as long as she was
mistress of Canada.
The Florida treaty, made in 1819, between the
United States and Spain, cedes to the former all
the rights of the latter power north of the 42d
parallel of latitude. The Spanish rights were
very questionable; but such as they were, they
had been admitted, by the Convention of the
Escurial, signed in 1790, to confer a power of
joint occupation. That power Spain had never
exercised either before or after this convention;
yet it is on this basis and no other, that the Uni
ted States now propose to supercede the joint oc
cupation which is still in existence, by an exclu
sive declaration of sovereignty, by removing
British subjects from the country, by erecting
American fortifications at the mouth ot the Co
lumbia, and by establishing a line of forts
through the territory!
This territory, or at least the greater part of it,
is as much a part of the British empire as Can
ada ; and the first settlers of Canada were in fact
the first traders in, and masters of, this very coun
try. At the present time it is essentially British.
Fort Vancouver is a British station, some miles
up the river; the agents of/he Hudson’s Bay
Company are the only class of men who can be
said to occupy the country, under the express au
thority ot their Royal Charter; and the Indians
are all well affected to the British interest. The
seizure of such a province would be an incredi
ble act of hardihood; but, in the present temper
of American citizens, we suspect that a silent
but resolute determination to put our positions
there in a state of defence, and to send a suffi
cient squadron to the coast, is the wisest answer
to these measures of the House of Representa
tives. We have reason to believe, however,
that the American Government, perhaps intent
on their schemes of aggrandizement in another
quarts/, repudiate this project for the seizure of
Oregon, and will oppose it in the Senate. It
they are sincere in these assurances, let them
concur in an amicable settlement, which can
alone terminate the controversy. If they retuse,
they expose themselves to the imputation that
they are only delaying this act of aggression until
they have a better chance of consummating it.
Printing in Colors. —M. Silbermann, a
printer of Strasburgh, has forwarded to the
Academy of Sciences, at Paris, a specimen (one
out of 2,500 impressions) ot Printing in colors
by a new process. These impressions, says ths
inventor, as they come from the press, need no
retouching, and whereas, in the ordinary modes
of polychromabic printing, as many plates and
separate impressions as there are different colors
are requisite, these, his specimens, although
printed in twelve different colors, are all from a
single plate, and printed at one stroke. No par
ticulars of the process are given, but it seems
very probable that the one plaie is inked irenn
twelve other plates of peculiar composition,
each having its own colors on ils required lo
calities upon it. One obvious advantage of
such a process would be, that the relative posi
tions of all the colored spaces would be greatly
more exact, accurate and clearly defined, than if
each were printed at a separate stroke, and from
a separate plate.
Coffee.— On the Advantage of the Use of
Carbonate of Soda in the Preparation of Coffee
(by Professor Pleischl.) It is a fact well known
in Prague, that the water ot tbe wells in that
town is better adapted for use in making cof
fee than the river water; comparative analysis
of the water indicate that this depends on the
carbonate of soda contained in the former.—
Pleischl found this opinion corroborated by the
fact, that a small quantity of the salt added to
Coffee improves its flavor, and advises conse
quently the addition of 43 grains ot the pure
carbonate to each pound of roasted Coffee, as
lan improvement to the flavor and also to the
therapeutic effect of this beverage, as it neu
tralises the acid contained in the infusion.—
—Pharmaceutical Journal.
MONDAY MORNING, MARCH 31.
War with Mexico. —A paragraph in the
N. Y. Journal of Commerce says:—Gen. Al
monte has received advices from his Govern
ment since the overthrow of his particular friend
Santa Ana. The Ambassador has been re
cognisedby the Rew Government, but will never
theless return home on the first of April. He
expresses the opinion that as the Resolutions
for the annexation of Texas were passed by so
small a majority, the Mexican Government will
not think it necessary to disturb tbe friendly
relations now existing between the two nations.
Appointments and Removals.—The Na
tional Intelligencer of Fi iday says:
“Weare enabled to announce the follow
ingremovals and appointments:
N. M. Miller (transferred from Second As
sistant Postmaster General) to be Third Assis
tant Postmaster General, vice John S. Skinner,
removed.
William Medell, ot Ohio, to be Second As
sistant Postmaster General, vice N. M. Miller,
transferred as above.
C. K. Gardner, to be Postmaster of this city,
vice William Jones, removed.
Seth Barton, of Louisiana, to be Solicitor of
the Treasury, vice C. B. Penrose, removed.
Robert Rantoul, to be Attorney ot the United
States for the District ot Massachusetts, vice
Franklin Dexter, removed.
Marcus Morton, to be Collector tor the port
of Boston, vice Lemuel Williams, removed.
:i. '.V right, to be Naval Officer foi u.e
same p* J. Vin. ent Bynwn i<.'-ove<l.
We have already heard of several removals
of Clerks in different Departments of the Gov
ernment ; and many more will doubtless follow.”
Massachusetts Senator.—Hon. John Davis
was elected by the Legislature ot Massachusetts
on Monday, to be U. S. Senator in place of the
late Senator Bates. In the Senate he received
26 out ot 30 votes, and in the House 149 out of
200,49 being cast for Mr. Robinson, the locofo
co candidate.
Death of Gen. Charles R. Floyd.—Yes
terday’s Southern Mail, (says the Savannah Re
publican of Friday, the 28th inst.) brought us
the melancholy tidings of the death of one of
the most gifted and highly esteemed citizens of
our State, Gen.sCHARLEs R. Floyd. Gen. F.
died at “ Fairfield,” his residence, in Camden
county, on Saturday, the 22d inst. He had been
suffering from a bilious attack for several days
previously, but had so far recovered as to be
able to resume his ordinary correspondence with
his friends on the 18th. A letter from a mem
ber ot the family to a friend in this city, an
nounces that he fell a victim to a relapse ot the
same disease, which hurried him to his grave
in a few days. He retained his faculties to the
last, and was not only aware of his approach
ing end, but expressed a perfect willingness to
meet it. His body was, at his own request,
shrouded in the American flag, and sleeps be
side that of his beloved and heroic father.
The Mobile Herald states that there is a ship,
the Farewell, in that port, loading with cotton
direct for China. This is something new in the
history of Mobile.
Rich I —The Albany Evening Journal relates
a rich scene which occurred in the Legislature
there on Wednesday last, when Mr. Oakley, one
of the Native members from the city of New
York, was making a speech on the constitutional
amendments, wherein he argued for the necessity
of some greater guards to the purity of the ballot
box. The Journal says:
"In the course of his remarks he alluded to
the practice of colonizing voters, and described a
scene which he had witnessed, ot sixty men
brought into one room in a particular ward, for
the purpose of voting in that ward, brought from
New Jersey and other places.
“ Mr. T. R. Lee (Loco of Westchester) rose
and inquired of Mr. O. to which party he (Mr. O.)
had belonged when he witnessed this scene 1 ?
“ Mr. Oakley. To the democratic party.
“There was’a burst of laughter all over the
House, and Mr. Lee did not pursue his in
quiries.”
The Foot Race in New Orleans.—The
Tropic of Monday, the 24th inst., says: Owing
to the inclemency of the weather yesterday, this
affair has been postponed until Sunday next, the
30th inst. The excitement which its novelty
has caused, is unparalleled in this section of the
country, and it needs only a fair day to bring
together the greatest concourse of people ever
seen upon a course in the U. States. Coaches,
cabs, horses, drays, and every imaginable mode
of conveyance, were engaged three days before
hand, and as much as ten dollars was offered for
a conveyance to the course. At an early hour,
those who had no other mode of locomotion,
took advantage of an early start to walk to tbe
scene of action. The rain which had fallen
frustrated all the high hopes and plans of the
proprietor and pedestrians, nor could the latter
be induced to attempt the undertaking in the face
of cloudy, portending rain. The baiges were
stopped on their way, well filled with people.
This latter mode of conveyance to the course,
will be found cheap and agreeable, and will>
without doubt, be more generally adopted on
the next occasion.
A Large Fire.—The Richmond (Ky.)
Chronicle says thst one of the most extensive
conflagrations ever suffered by a village or
small town took place in Crab Orchard, Lin
coln county, on last Tuesday, when twenty
six houses in the business part of the town
were burnt to the ground.
The Whigs of Tennessee have nominated the
Hon. Ephraim H. Foster as their candidate tor
the Gubernatorial Chair of that State.
There were 782 bales of Domestic Cottons
exported trom Boston last week, of which 375
bales were for Calcutta, and 300 bales lor Can
ton.
Fire in Charleston.—The foundry of Messrs.
Cameron & McDermaid, on the wharf foot ot
Hasell and Wentworth streets, was destroyed
by fire on Friday evening last.
The Boston papers mention a report that the
Hon. Joseph Story contemplates a withdrawal
from the Bench of the Supreme Court of the
United States.
Three of the most Wealthy Business
Men of New York.—lt is stated in Hunt’s
Merchant’s Magazine lhat Preserved Fish com
menced life as an apprentice to a blacksmith,
and his next situation was that of a seaman on
board a whaling ship. From being a hand be
fore the mast he rose to be a mate, and finally
commander, and in this hazardous pursuit he
amassed the foundation of his fortune. Saul
Alley was bound, when a small boy, apprentice
to a coachmaker. During his apprenticeship
his father died, and left him totally dependanton
his own exertions. The very clothes he wore
he was obliged to earn by toiling extra hours,
after the regular time of leaving off work had
passed. The foundation of his forltxne he ac
quired by the exercise of frugality and prudence
while a journeyman mechanic. Cornelius W.
Lawrence, late Mayor ot New York, and now
President of the Bank of the State of l Jew York,
was a farmer’s boy, and worked many a long
day in rain and sunshine on Long Island. There
were few lads witbin twenty miles of.' him that
could mow a wider swath or turn a neater fur
row.
These rnen have been the architects of their
own fortunes; they have earned them by the
sweatot their brows; and their very wealth,
besides the other means of doing good to their
fellow-men which it puts in their power, is in
itself a perpetual stimulus to the mechanic and
artisan to earn a similar reward by similar fru
gality, industry and perseverance.. Yet, instead
of being held upas examples of honest and suc
cessful industry, worthy of imitation, such are
the men who are branded by lo w demagogues
as monopolists, moneyed aristocrats, enemies
of the people.
A young man applied for >.he benefit of the
bankrupt act, and upon being asked how much
he owed, he said he reckoned about #500,000,
as he saw they charged a ma n ©lO for kissing a
married woman in Ohio, ami if the price was as
high here for kissing girls, he must bs in debt
about half a million.—>£ol paper.
Right of Search—the Question Ended.
The following candid and judicious obser
vations from Wilmer ds Smith’s European
Times, relate to a question which has been a
great deal before the public in one way or an
other :
“ The right of search—that irritating sur
veillance of the high seas, which has proved ot
late years an endless source ot annoyance to
American shipping—is virtually at an end.
The Commission which has been appointed on
the part of the English and French Cabinets to
modify the evil may throw dust in the eyes ot
Exeter Hall saints, but it will assuredly de
ceive no one else. For all practical purposes
the power is gone. Public opinion in France
is so potent against the principle, that no min
istry can withstand it, and some of the most
clear-headed English statesmen think that not
only does this obnoxious right ot search con
s tantly keep us on the confines of a collision
with the United States, V ut that so far , lr ° m
mitigating the horrors of the slave trade, it has
•actually increased it. Lord Howick, whose
alents as a debator and keenness as a politician
place him foremost amongst the master-spirits
of the British Senate, has unequivocally given
vent to his belief that the right of search might
be abolished with advantage to the African, and
to England. Public men in England, overrat
ing the power ot the saints, whose clamor they
have mistaken for popular feeling, have gone
beyond their mark in carrying out measures for
the suppression ot the slave trade. Admitting
the purity of the motives which actuate ihose
who oppose the traffic in human kind—it is
somewhat ungracious tor us to be always act
ing on the “ holier than thou” assumption, and
endeavoring to force our nostrums down the
of •■sti.ws a»
tion they resisted. The proprietors, through
themselves or their connections, oL West Indian
property, the Tory party, when the Negro
Emancipation Act passed, and the blacks, it
was found, would not work—when the produc
tions of the Colonies fell off, and the estates be
came almost worthless in the market, called out
lustily for protection against tbe competition of
slave produce. The debates in the House of
Commons during the last week on the Sugar
question, show that the pocket is the primary
cause of the outcry in that quarter. The slave
ry question is thus tainted with selfishness on
the one hand, and morbid religious sympathy
on the other. But all the world is not mad if
we are. The French nation have long seen
through the delusion ; they see us the greatest
consumers on the earth of slave-grown cotton
and tobacco, while we make such a pother about
suppressing the traffic in slaves.
Henceforth, nations, like individuals, will be
permitted on this question to entertain their own
views and act upon them. And one thing is
perfectly clear, from all that we see passing
around us—from the growing return to reason
on the part of this country, and from the strong
opinion which prevails in France, that the right
ot search, after a long trial, has been found a
failure, and is in fact at an end. We are far
from being the admirers or even the abettors of
slavery, but knowing that an immense deal of
humbug has long existed in connection with this
subject, we are rejoiced to see it brought to its
speedy and inglorious termination—a feeling,
we are sure, in which we shall be joined by
numbers of our transatlantic friends.”
Our readers will remember, says the Balti
more American, in connection with this sub
ject, that the rumor prevailed some time ago of
an understanding between England and France,
to the effect that the former would give up her
pretensions as to the right of search, upon con
dition that both should unite in opposing the
annexation of Texas to the United States. It
now appears that the right of search is aban
doned by Great Britain—and this result is arri
ved at through the medium of a joint Commis
sion on the part of the two Cabinets of England
and France. Whether or not the condition
above mentioned is included as one of the items
of the negotiation, there seems to be no means
yet of ascertaining.
The greater probability is, that no such con
dition was thought of or proposed—to say no
thing of its being adopted. The thing would
be preposterous on theface of it. If the right of
search claimed by Great Britain be in her be
lief a right justly hers, how could she con
sent to make it a matter of barter? It would
not do fora high-minded nation to traffic away
its obligations of duty. But taking the view,
on the other hand, that the right as claimed was
found to bean untenable claim—that “ the Ex
eter Hall saints” had imposed upon John Bull,
and that John, slowly opening his eyes, at length
discovers the imposition—discovers that he had
been deluded into unseemly airs and affecta
tions, into pretensions of greater holiness than
other people, and into very indecorous exhibi
tions of passion because other people would not
acknowledge the same—could he, upon coming
to his senses, have the effrontery to propose sti
pulations and terms to a friendly neighbor as
the conditions upon which he would cease to
act foolishly ?
It is a little remarkable, however, that in the
whole mass of news by the late arrival there is
not one word about Texas. If there is, we
have not seen it. True, the intelligence of the
passage of the annexation measure by both
Houses of Congress, had not reached England
when the steamer sailed. Nevertheless it was
known that the question formed a prominent
one4n the United States, and it has been gene
rally supposed that the British Government felt
some concern in the decision which should be
given to it in this country.
Harding’s New Patent Gun.—Mr. Har
ding, gun-maker, Great Queen-street, London,
has"patented a Gun tor sporting and military
purposes, in which by a particular modification
the power is very greatly increased; the powder
in the patent gun is ignited backwards, and being
thus completely consumed, exerts a tar greater
power than when fired in the ordinary way. A
gun on this principle, will, at 40 yards, drive
shot through 72 sheets of brown paper, while 40
sheets are regarded as the standard test ot
strength by the best makers ot the present day.
There are other minor advantages—a greatly in
creased quickness of firing, almost as marked
over the present gun as between the percussion
cap and the flint and sieel. Mr. Harding has
adopted a new primer, which, resting nearly di
rect upon the barrel, removes a great fault of the
present cap, the constant fracture of the nipple,
from the continued percussion to whieh it is ne
cessarily submitted, while the loading appears
even more easy.— Polytechnic Review.
gy Specie still continues to leave New York;
875,000 were shipped from that port last week
for Havre.
Apples Preserved Eighteen Months. —it
will be seen by the following note to the Mon
mouth Inquirer, that this most useful if not
most delicious fruit, may be preserved an al
most indefinite period in the fullest perfection.
The apples here spoken ot have been preserved
some eighteen months:
Mr. Editor .—I send you an apple which I
bought in the fall of 1843. ot my neighbor,
Thomas Meirs. Among others, it was put in
to my cellar, in open casks, and about the Ist of
January, 1844,1 overhauled them and put three
barrels away, packed in plaster of paris-—first a
layer ot plaster, then a layer of apples—and so
alternately till the barrels were filled. They
were then headed up and stood in the cellar till
the early part of the summer, when I overhaul
ed and assorted them and put them a * a J ia a
box, in layers with dry oak saw-dust. Ihe box
had a lock and key, and has been kept locked
up only when we got apples out to use. We
continued using out ot the box, occasionally,
till some time after early apples were ripe, and
I supposed they v ere all used out; but on
Town-meeting day, the llth of March, 1845,
(it being stormy,) 1 told my man to assort my
apples and fill that box again with apples and
saw-dust. Upon unlocking the box and taking
the saw-dust out, to our surprise, there were
three apples in the box, and all of them perfect
ly sound. The apple I send you having been
since that time kept in a warm room, lias com
menced, as you will perceive, to rot. The above
is submitted, respectfully for the, benefit of all
lovers of good apples.
Yours respectfully,
March 18, 1845. JAS. LAWRENCE.
Massachusetts Liberality. —In a debate in
the Massachusetts House of Representatives, a
few days ago, it was stated, on the authority of
the report of the Committee on Finance, that
the sum of ©3,100.000 had been expended by
the State since 1831, tor beneficent purposes,
(including the subscription to tbe Western rail
road.) while the State expenses had been but
©3,600,000. And all this without direst taxa
tion.
VOL. IX.—NO. 14.
Nobility of Mechanics.
BY MISS M. B. WENTWORTH.
Toil on, sun-burnt mechanic. God has placed
thee in thy lot, perchance, to guide the flying
car that whirls us on from scene to scene, or
friend to friend; bind down the warring waves
of ocean, tempest tossed, or chained the red ar
tillery of heaven.
Toil on! Without thy power, earth, though
her sands were one vast Pactolusof gold, would
be a waste of tinselled tears and glittering grief;
and want and woe, and splendid misery, gleam
out from all her treasured mines. Rich soils
would perish in their richness, and the fruits of
seasons changing, die ungathered from the har
vest.
Toil on! Jehovah was a workman too. “In
the beginning God created heaven and earth,”
and from confused chaos sprung this perfect
world, the perfect workmanship of tbe eternal
uncreated power. Up rose the mighty firma
ment, and back tbe sullen surges swept, sub
missive, tamed, each to their several bounds.—
And there he set great lights: the glorious sun
to bless the day; the timid moon to wear at
night the milder lustre of the radiant orb. He
painfed heaven with mingling blue and white,
and in the vaulted arch a modest star peeped
out, seemed, by the majesty ot «un and moon,
like a stray lilly breathing out its lore of meek
and blushing liveliness, in tbe gay tint* of open
ing bud and rich voluptuous blossom.
Wondering, there dawned another, and a
third, ’till clustering, clinging toy the spacious
canopy, they read in the calm waters of the sea,
the story of their radiant loveliness. From
thence assured, they tear nor sun nor moon, but j
laithfully distill their pensive light. Old ocean
tossed her crescent spray, and from her hidden
depths creatures ot life came up, and flew
above the earth; winged fowls and bird.,and
upa chorus olextatic praise to God, the firirt,
the eternal architect. ■ »',
Toil pn, sun-burnt mechanic; heard ye of him
whom babbling Jews despised? The manger
born of Nazareth? Exalted to be Prince o’er ’
death and hell. Read ye not, in The Book, of
the untaught apprentice, who laid his hand upon
Tiberia’s rugged mane, and it was stilled?
Toil on! Drink from the dews that heaven
distills; fragrant flowers, the bursting buds, the
blessed air, is untold wealth to the hard-browed
and bronzed mechanic. Rich coffers bring a
snare canker and heart corrosion. God’s wealth
is yours, a wealth to which decaying gold is
vanity and dross.
Toil on I Proud peer and prince, and pedant,
sage, statesman and priest, now claim the tribute
of a tomb, which lain would drive away the
greedy worm; and splendid eloquence and
mocking tears are shed above the dust which
lies as common as the plebeian herd. The grave
is the great leveller. Blest grave I Grave of the
tanned mechanic! A spirit speaks from thence,
and willing ears may learn some task, which
monuments of gold have not a power to teach.
Proud man—learned man—go sit above that
tomb, and weep to think that when old Time
shall tire, the sun go out with weariness; obli
gation’s sullen surge shall sweep away your
greatness and your chivalry; above "the wreck
of matter and the crush of worlds,” the handi
work of God’s own nobleman shall live, immu
table as time, while Time his empire hold*, eter
nal as Eternity I— Saturday Courier.
Olden Time.—ln 1637, there were but thirty
ploughs in all Massachusetts, and the use of
these agricultural implements Was not familiar
to all the planters. From the annate of Salem,
it appears in that year, it w*» agreed by the town
to grant Richard Hutchinson twenty acre* of
land in addition to his •hare, on condition “he
set up ploughing.”
1638. A sumptuary act of the General Court
prohibited short sleeves, and required the gar
menu to be lengthened so as to cover the arms
to the wrist, and required reformation “in im
moderate great breeches, knots of ribbon, broad
shoulder bands and taylee, silk rases, double
cuffs and ruffs.”
1639. For preventing miscarriage of letters,
it is ordered that notice be given that Richard
Fairbank, his house in Boston, is the place ap
pointed for all letters which are brought from
beyond the sea or are to be sent thither, arc to
be brought unto him, and he is allowed for every
such letter Id., and must answer all miscar
riages through his own neglect in bis kind, pro
vided ihat no man shall be obliged to bring his
letter thither unless he pleases.
1647.—The Court order, that it any young
man ajempt to addrtesa young-woman without.--"-*
consent of her parents, or in case of their ab
sence, of the County Court, he shall be fined Al
for the first offence, jCM) for the second, and be
imprisoned for the third.
1649.—Mathew Stanley was tried for drawing
in the affections of John Tarbox’s daughter,
without the consent ot her parents, convicted
and fined £ls; fees 2s. 6d. Three married
women were fined ss. each tor scolding.
1653.—Jonas Fairbanks was tried for wearing
great bools, but was acquitted.
The Olden Tims. —The Philadelphia North
American publishes some interesting reminis
cences of Washington and of Congress, whilst
the City of Brotherly Love was the capital of
the United States. We extract the following
passages, as anything that relates tolhe domes
tic or public history of the Father of his Country
cannot fail to instruct and please our readers
After describing the residence ot the President,
which was a house he rented of Robert Morris,
situated in Market, Fifth and Sixth
streets, that journal proceeds to describe the
eiytertainments usually given there:
Washington’s dinner parties were entertained
in a very handsome style. His weekly dining
day for company was Thursday, and his dining
hour was always 4 o’clock in the afternoon.—
His rule was to allow five minutes for the varia
tion ofclocks, and then go to the table, be pre
sent or absent whoever might. He kept his
own clock in the hall, just within the outward
door, and always exactly regulated. When
lagging members of Congress came iu, as they
often did. after the guests had sat down to din
ner, the President’s only apology was, " Gen
tlemen, (or sir,) we are too punctual for you. 1
have a cook who never asks whether the com
pany has come, but whether the hour has come.”
The company usually assembled in the draw
ing-room, about fifteen or twenty minutes be
fore dinner, and the President spoke to every
guest personally on entering the room. He
always dressed in a suit of black, his hair pow
dered, and tied in a black bag behind, with a
very elegant dress sword, which he wore with
inimitable grace.
Mrs. Washington often, but not always, dined
with the company, sat at the head of the table,
and if, as was occasionally the case, there were
other ladies present, they sat on each side of
her. The private secretary sat at the foot of the
table, and was expected to be specially atten
tive to all the guests. The President himself
sat half way from the head to the foot of thu
table, and on that side which would place Mrs,
Washington, though distant from him, on his
right hand. He always, unless a clergyman
was present, asked a blessing at his own table,
in a standing posture. If a clergyman was
present, he was requested bo<h to ask a blessing
before and return thanks after dinner.
The writer of tbe reminiscences then proceeds .
to give an acconnt of the table furniture; that
done, he proceeds—
The President, it is believed, generally dined
on one dish, and that of a very simple kind. It
offered something, either in the first or second
course, which was very rich, his usual reply
wa« “that is too good for me.” Hehadasilver
pint’eup or mug of beer placed by hfo plate,
which he drank out of while dining. Hetook
one glass of wine during dinner, and commonly
one after. He then retired, (the ladies having
eone a little before him,) and left his secretary
to superintend the table, till the wins-bibbers of
Congress had satisfied themselves with drinking.
His wine was always the best that could be ob
tained.
Nothing could exceed the order with which
his table was served—every servant knew what
he was to do, and did it in the most quiet and
useful manner. The dishes and plates were
removed and changed with a silence and speed
that seemed like enchantment.
Another Steamboat Burnt.—By the arrival
yesterday ot the Grace Darling from Louis
ville we learn that the steamboat Decatur, from
tihs port bound for Tennessee river, took fire on
the morning of the 21st inst. al Island No. 66,
and burnt to the water’s edge. She took fire
abaft the wheel while running in the middle ot
the river, and was immediate'}’ headed and run
into the Arkansas shore. Passengers and crew
all saved, except a black girl who jumped over
board and was drowned. The steamer Mazep
pa came up shortly afterwards, and took the
passengers on board. The Decatur is said to
be insured for about ©BOOO.—N. O. Tropic.
Sound Philosophy.— At a recent examination
of a school in the town of N******, Essex
county, (says the Boston Post,) one ot the com
mittee proposed the followingquestions to a boy
who was studying natural philosophy. Y;
can you explain the principles of adhesion?
(Boy hesitates.) D.-What keeps your body
Itoeeiher? Ans—Victuals and drink. D.—
What are the uses of alever? (Boy is non
plused.) If you had a log in a ditch, bow would
you get it out? Ans.—l would hitch on a yoze
of caule. Committss man sloped.