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OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED DAILY. TRI-WKEKLV, AND WEEKLY
BY J. W. «Si W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IB PUBLISHED AT
. Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for $5.
Ten subscribers, one year, for 820 00
Tri- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt offnndsto renew the subscrip
tion, the paper willbediscontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 27.
Editors Table.—We are indebted to Mr
Holmes for Nos. 28 and 30 ortlarper’s Picto
rial Bible, “ De Rohip, or the Court Conspira
tor,” by Eugene Sue, and " The Smuggler,” by
G. P. R. James—the two latter comprising Nos.
54and560l Harper’s Library of Select Novels.
More. Books.—We are also indebred to Mr.
Tnos.’RicßAnrwtertrctffißtus supply “of hew
books and serials, among them
Harpers’ Pictorial Bible, Nos. 28 and 30.
Harper-’ Illustrated Shakspeare, Nos. 53, 54,
55 and 56.
Encyclopedia of Domestic Economy. Nos.
3 and 5.
The Smuggler, a tale byG. P. R. James.
De Rohan, the Court Conspirator, by Eugene
Sue; and
Night and Morning, by Bulwer, pocket edi
tion.
The Hon. George M. Dallas has been chosen
and has consented to pronounce the enlogium
upon the life and character of Gen. Jackson at
Philadelphia.
The Hon. William Wilkins is to deliver an
eulogy on the character of General Jackson al
Pittsburg on the Fourth of July.
The trial of Caleb J. McNulty has been set
by the Criminal Court for Monday, the 7th
J uly.
3QrO.'iit“ a stir has been created at Lowell
by the introduction ol a new cotton spinning
frame which has just been put into operation
there. It is said to require but one half the pow
er and wilt make more yarn and of more even
twist at about twodhtrds lhe expense ol other kinds
of frames in use.
The manufacture ot figured silk ribbons is
about to be commenced in Bangor on an exten
sive scale. No manufactory of the kind has
ever yet been established in this country. One
of the parties concerned, Mr. Vogel, a Swiss by
birth, has effected a great savingin the business
by substituting the power-loom for hand-labor;
and it is said that a loom, constructed on his
plan, is capable, with the assistance of a girl ol
only moderate skill, of weaving thirty-seven
ribbons at the same time. The person super
intending the machine can change the patterns
at pleasure.
M. Arago, in giving an account of his recent
experiment with the electrical telegraph, esti
mates the rapidity of transmission at the rale ol
32,000 leagues per hour.
. The Legislative Council ol lowa has closed
its session. The bill submitting the rejected
State Constitution to a second vote of the pet>
was yetoed bv’the Governor, and afterwards
says; —There are
in the fcuse of the third Municipality
onehund
Wnr.cK or Life.—Th- fishing
schooner Parts, o) Gloucester, Mass., is sup
posed to have bee# lost recently on the fishing
Utanks. erew consisted of eight persons.
Sfeince 1837, seven vessels from Gloucester, with
their entire crews, comprising sixty men, have
been lost on George’s bank.
Fire.—The New-Hampshire Herald learns
by a gentleman who came through Ware vil
lage late on Thursday afternoon last, that the
great manufacturing establishment there has
been totally destroyed by fire. It caught about
three o’clock in the picking room, caused, as it
is supposed, by a nail getting into the picker.—
The whole wbs consumed in an hour and a half
from the commencement of the fire.
Steamboat Lost—The steamboat Archer,
Capt. Woodward, reports he loss of the steam
boat Guide, Capt. Wormly, at Fort Smith, on
the 13rh inst. She was from the mouth ot the
Arkansas bound for Fort Gibson, with Govern
ment stores, and snagged opposite Fort Smith
—boat and cargo total loss.— Pic.
I
Running the Boundary Line. The six f
Commssioners appointed by the United States (
and Great Britain to run the boundary line be- f
tween the province ot Canada and the Stales, f
are now in Berkshire, in this eonnty. [
When in Richmond they cut off the farms of (
three good Verm- mers—two Locotocos and one J
Whig—and now Meir farms are situate in Can- |
adz.
As the Loeofoco Representative from Rich- (
inond had but one majority last year, we suppose I
he will not be pleased with this governmental in- I
lerference. ]
The Boundary line, we understand, is still to
be marked by iron monuments, but half a mile
distant the one from the other. We have heard
it said that these monuments will be useless 1
when Polk “extendsthe area of freedom” by I
annexing the adjoining Province of Canada to (
this republic. Exactly!—Si. Albans, VI., Mes- 1
senger. (
Personal Relics or Washington.—The |
Alexandria G.-'zette ol Thursday says:
We understand that it is the intention of the I
manager of the Alexandria Museum, T. Mount
lord, Esq., to exhibit in the cities ot Baltimore,
Philadelphia, New York and Boston, during
the present summer or tall, the personal relies ot
Washington, which were deposited in that in
stitution by his executors, provided pro er ar
rangements can be made. He was promoted to
this intention by the earnest request of many
"distinguished residents of those cilies, w ho have
visited the Museum and witnessed them.
A Legislature in a bad Fix —The Legisla
ture of lowa have not received any pav for their
services, nor is it known when they will. The
money must come trom Uncle Sam, and he or
his officers appear to be in no hurry to remit it.
The legislature tried to raise the wind by a
loan, but could not succeed, and many, if not
most of the members, have not the wherewith to
pay their bills. It is reported that they have de
termined io continue in session until the monev
doescome. Why do they not follow the illus
trious example of the Missouri Locotocos,
and borrow from their bank?— St. Louis Rep.
June 13
Correspondence of the North American.
New York, June 22. —P. M.
A heavy rain yesterday forenoon prevented
all cut door movements. The news per the
steamer has had no perceptible effect on the
market, except in oil. which has sold largely
at 35 cents lor Crude Whale lor export. In
Cotton no sales yet; holders retuse to concede
a fraction. The stock is small and in tew
hands. I- lour remains dull, with moderate,
receipts. $4.68 is the general price, though a
few lots brought $1 75
The transactions in Foreign Exchange were
limited : Sterling may be quoted at 109}; francs
5.25 a 5 26;.
A farther reduction has been made on the
fare to Boston; $1 50 is now the price on the op
-position boats and railroad. The tare from
Portland to Boston is one dollar, or two dollars
and fitly cents in first class boats and cars for
307 miles. As I have told yo ' before, the rate
of travel east this summer will be lower than
ever. The bottom has not been touched yet.
We stated a day or two ago that another Na
■val Court Martial was ordered to convene at
Washington to-day for the trial of Captain
Voorhees on a new charge. We team from
The Washington Journal, that the charge al
leged against him is raking the U. S ship Con
gress, ot which he had command, into the har
bor ot Annapolis, contrary to orders Balt.
JLmrr.
From Niles' National R gister.
Canals and Railroads.
The impetus in favor ol constructing means
for transportation which is at this mo
ment exerted, has never before been equalled.—
I'he advantage derived to communities by hav
ing canals and railroads, are more generally
appreciated, and no community will long be
willing to see their neighbor reaping those
advantages without making an effort to par
ticipate.
The construction of canals is necessarily
limited. Comparatively few can ever be con
structed. Only where nature has vouchsafed
an adequate supply of water for the summit
level oi a canal where a thotoughfare is required,
can that expedient be resorted to. Long since,
nearly all the water that could be, has been so
appropriated in England and hence we hear ol
no new projects for canals there —and but few
in France, Holland, Belgium, &c., for the same
reason Even in several of the United Slatesail
the practicable canal routes are already appro
priated.
There has been in England for some years
past, a very warm competition between sundry
ot the canals and railroads which have been
constructed parallel to each other, or from the
same terminus. This rivalry, like other com-
petitions for trade, has its advantages. Com
munity is generally benefitted monopoly is
suppressed, a d the utmost economy and per
fection is insured, nor however at
the too severe sacrifice ot t«e interest- or sortie
times the utter ruin of one or both ot the com
petitois. When this occurs, the community
must of course suffer in turn.
The result oi the competition between canals
and railroads, so lar, may thus be briefly summed
up. The latter has been successful where the
contest is for passengers or for ordinary or light
transportation ; the canals have the advantage
where large quantities of heavy and cheap ar
ticles, such as coal, ore, lime, &c., are to be
transported.
When the last steamer left Europe we are
told that the French chamber ol deputies were
busily employed tn endeavors to suppress th
rage of railroad stocks.
In England they are discussing with great
earnestness, certain railroad projects, some ot
which are estimated at 850,000,000. The Lon
don papers abound in articles of projected rail
roads.
It has been staled in Parliament, that it a few
of the two hundred and forty railway bills now
before that body were to pass, at least £130,000,-
000 would be required lor their completion!
RAILROADS IN THE UNITED STATES.
States. Miles. Total cost.
Maine, 10 8200,000
New-Hampshire, 29} 910 000
Massachusetts, 365} 13 535,000
Rhode Island, 47} 2 500 000
Connecticut, 152 2 905 000
New-York, 1,3171 21,814 940
Pennsylvania, 850} 23.112 000
New Jersey, 196 5,647 000
Delaware, 16 400 000
Maryland, 749} 23,000 000
Virginia, 369 5 451,000
North Carolina, 247 3,163,000
South Carolina, 2u2 4 000 000
Georgia, 640} 9.778 000
Elfrida, 217 3,820,000
Alabama, 432} 4 656.000
Louisiana, 248} 4 696 000
Mississippi, 210} 5,730 000
Tennessee, 16'} 1,955 000
Kentucky, 96 2 197 000
Ohio, 416 3 279 000
Indiana, 246 4 800 000
Michigan, 738} 7 549 000
Illinois, 1.421 17010 000
Total, 9.378$ 3172,107 910
The foregoing table exhibits the numbe of
mites of railroad undertaken in the year 1840
of which 1332 miles were open and in use;
1.707 miles were graded and ready for thesu
p rs#ucrure; and the total length of all the
lines was 9,378$ miles. The cost of construc
tion, a-tual and computed, 3172,107,940, givey
ar. average of 918,351 permileot road, includ
ing buildings, fixtures, and outfit.
THE RAILROAD SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES
ITS RAPID PROGRESS.
The Cincinnati Chronicle says :—“We have
seen various statements ot the progress of the
railroads in the United State i^J.yu,.uujst.Ad ibgiu
incorrect" TneTGpnrß'ffrtfiepostmaster gener-
enaMeifus to make a pretty accu
rate table of the finished railroads ot our country
We offer it to our readers as a matter otgeneral
interest, and as an insiructive illustration oflte
vast physical development of the nation—a
fact, which, while it affords fair grounds ol
congratulation in a commercial point of view,
also imposes upon us the duty of making still
more energetic efforts to raise the moral condi
tion and increase the intellectual improvement
of the people.
Table of finished Railroads in the United Slates.
Miles
Boston to Portland, Maine, 101
Do. New Berwick, Maine, 74
Do. Lowell, 26
Do. Albany, New-York, 200
Do. Concord, 20
Do. Providence, 43$
Lowell toC incord, New Hampshire, 49
Taunton to New Bedtord, 21
Do. Mansfield, 12
Providence to Stonington, Connecticut, 48
Worcester to Norwich, Connecticut, 59
New Haven to Hartford, Connecticut, 36
Bridgeport to West Stockbridge, 96
West Stockbridge to Hudson, 33
New-York to Greensport, 97$
New-York io Harlem, 8
Albany to Buffalo, 295
Lewistown to Lockport, 27
Skaneatelas to Branch, 5
Troy to Schenectady, 14
Troy to Saratoga, 22
Ithaca to Oswego, 29
Piermont to Middletown, 52
Corning to Blossburg, 37
Schenectady to Saratoga, 22
New-York to Paterson, 17
New-York to Morristown, 32
Camden to Arnbov, 61
Jersey City to New Brunswick, 34
Bruns wick to Trenton, 27
Trenton to Philadelphia, 30
Camden to Woodbury, 9
Elizabethtown to Somerville, 25
Buffalo to Lewistown, 29
Philadelphia to Baltimore, 97
Do. to Lancaster, 70
Do. to Pottsville, 98
Do. to Norristown, 17
Lancaster to Harrisburg, 36
Harrisburg to Chambersburg, 52
Chambersburg to Hagerstown, 20
L mcaster to Columbia,
Columbia to Baltimore, 72
Chambersburg to Williamsport, 30
Pottsville to Sunbury, 44$
Wi.liamsport to Elmira, 73
Carbondale to Homerdale, 17$
Hollidaysburg to Johnstown, 36$
Norristown to Columbia -ailroad, 20
Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23
White H. to Wilkesbarre, 19$
Coal mine railroads, 160
Newcastle to Frenchtown, 20
Baltimore to Washington, 40
Baltimore to Cumberland, 179
Aquia creek to Richmond, 76
Richmond to Petersburg, 24$
Petersburg to Weldon, North Carolina, 64
Weldon to Wilmington, 160
Harper’s Ferry to Winchester, 32
Annapolis to Elkridge,
Hickslbrd to Gaston, North Carolina, 18
Portsmouth to Weldon, 80
Gaston to Raleigh, North Carolina, 85
Charleston to Augusta, Georgia, 136
Augusta to Social Circle, 133
Athens to Georgia railroad, 33
Savannah to Macon, 192
Macon to Griffin, 58
Macon to Forsyth, 25
Branchville to Columbia, 68
Richmond to Coal, 13$
Petersburg to City Point, 12
G tdonsviileto Richmond railroad, 50
Montgomery to Eufaula, Alabama, 40
Decatur to Tuscumbia, 44
Vicksburg to Jackson, 58
Nsw Orleans to Carrolton, 11
Memphis to Lagrange, 50
Frankfort to Lexington, 29
Madison to Columbus, Indiana, 50
Sandusky to Tiffin, Ohio.
Cincinnati to Todd’s Fork, 40
Detroit to Jackson, 79
Detroit to Pontiac, 35
Toledo to Adrian, £»
Monroe to Hillsdale,
Total, 4 752
There are probably some very short railroads
leading to coal mines not included in the above,
which would make the general total nearly live
thousand miles. ,
In 183.5 there were but 984 miles ot railroad
complete in the United States, which being de
ducted from the above, leaves 3 768 miles of rad
road made since 1835. —The average cost of this
s $20,000 per mile,’ and consequently the cap’
rel invested is $75 360.000, or an average ot /J
millionsotdollars perannum. At present, how
ever, it is quite remarkable that the income ot
ihe finished roads nearly equals the anniud ex
pendHarc in capital; so that in point ot fact the
ek»ensi«»n of railroads is now in a great degree
paid for by the goods transported on the exist
ing roads. It is also true that the transportation
of freight costs less than it did before • so that
th 1 * cost of making the railroad at this time is
in fact paid for by the savings produced by the
railroads.
Scarcely any of the railroads heretofore un
dertaken in the U. States have been devised
with any view to a general and systematic plan
ol operations; yet the indications ol commerce
and the profits of patticular routes have been so
clear that in fact most of the main routes tend
towards an ultimate system of gigantic magni
tude. By the union of several different lines
the following grand continuous routes hav<
been formed, viz:
1. From Portland, Maine, via. Boston
Worcester, Albany, U'ica, and Ro
chester, to Buffalo, New York, 600
2. Portland, Maine, via. Baog>r, Spring-
field, and Hartford, to New Haven, Con
necticut, 254
3. New York, via. Philadelphia, Balti-
more, and Frederick, to Cumberland,
Maryland? 367
4 Ne« York, via. Philadelphia, Lancas
ter, Harrisburg, and Chambersbutg, to
Cumberland, Maryland, 365
5. From the Potomac, via. Richmond, Pe
tersburg, and Weldon, to Wilmington,
N. C.. ’’ " 265
6. Charleston, South Carolina, via. Au-
gusta, Georgia, to Social Circle, 260
7 Savannah, Georgia, via. Macon, to
Griffin, 250
Here are seven great chains, which, wh>=n they
Mvereceived two or thrive Sdifftfoiitfl links,
form gigantic lines of iron steam communica
tion.
1. Forexanple, the great route from Port
land to Buffalo will soon receive two impor
tant additions: one at the eastern extremity,
prolonging it to Bangor, and the other at the
western, uniting Buffalo by means at Mad Riv
er and Little Miami railroad, wbr , a steam ear
may run from Bangor, Maine ,o Cincinnati,
Ohio, on a continuous railroad a : thousand miles
in extent. This supposes tl t the projected
road from Buffalo to Sandus' /is made.
2. When lhe New York a’ I New Haven and
Baltimore rail road is com eted to the Ohio—
both of which will be d< e in three years—
there will only need a lir.„ from the Ohio to the
Little Miami rail road, to make another grand
roure ol eleven hundred miles fiom Bangor to
Cincinnati, by the great central route. Two
thirds of this « hole route is now completed, so
that the completion ol the other third is no long
er a chimerical idea.
The railroad mania, which infested this
country to a fearful extent, and contributed its
full proportion to the pecuniary difficulties
which overwhelmed us, and from which we are
but very gradually emerging, now infects Eu
rope to such a degree that lhe considerate and
responsible pari ot the communities both in
England and France, are apprehensive of se
rious pecuniary difficulties from its contin
uance.
The French chamber were engaged when
the last packets left Havre, in measures, for
preventing if possible, lhe gambling—or Smith
Sea tendency ot the rage for railroads.
New railways have been projected in various
parts of Europe, andare now in progress, which
will call for an immense amount of railway
iron. The railways which are in progress, and
which are to be completed within a few years,
if the iron for the rails can be obtained, are es
timated at the following numberot miles:
In Great Britain and Ireland, 2 000 miles.
In Fiance, 1.600 “
In Prussia and Germany, 2 500 “
Russia and the rest ol Europe, 1,500 "
Total, 7.600
Allowing, after the usual calculation, 300
tons Io ihe mile, this length of railway will re
quire 2,280.000 tons ot iron. Il atmospheric
railways should supercede the oidinary ones,
twice this amount will be required. I: is not
supposed to be possible for the countries on the
continent to supply themselves within a reason
able time with the whole of the iron neces.-ary
fbr the construction of these railways, and re
sort will, of course, be had to England.
Meantime, the British East India govern
ment has caused surveys to be made for 1 500
miles of railway, with the view of introducing
a general system of railways into its vast pos
sessions in the east.
The lasi Engljjh papers state that railroad
projects continued to be submitled-to tfiglipard
Ortfede for H>eir.Appxaß»},-preparatory to going
MLP-rliailOM, L were the ■
■aid for tlic shares even before if was known
whether they would be approved or rejected. In
one ease especially, that ol the London and
York project, consisting of 60,000 shares, the
Premium was .£2O per cent, equal to about
86,000,000, although dependent for any value
wholly upon the decision to be made oy par
liament. In another, the announcement of the
report of the board of trade produced an imme
diate effect on the price to the extent of four
itindred thousand pounds.
Some statistical information respecting rail
ways, equally curious and important, has been
pit lishedbyMr. Hall, an eminent share broke
it Liverpool. It appears Pom Mr. Hall’sslare
nent, that the total amount expended in the
construction of thirty oi the oldest and mo>t im
portant railways in the kingdom, as shown by
heir last reports, is £56 *58,602. —Their mar
<et value, on the 31st December, 1844, was
£67,639,106 The excess of value over the
■ost of construction has been added to the na-
tional capital—property to that amount has
>een created, and that properly is the means of
iiminishing the expenses and increasing the
eomlort of the whole community. It is an un
exceptionable warrant of the substantial c- arac
rer of railway property, that only two railways
have fallen in value in the course of last year,
while six have risen more than filly per cent.
One of these, the Newcastle and Darlington,
has risen £490,000 the cost of construction hav
ing been under £450,000. The Great Westnrn
-hows the enormous rise in Value of £2,145,000
within this year
The British government has made an ar
rangement with the railroad companies of the
kin d- tn, by which her majesty’s iroops are
tube conveyed in the cars o 1 the railroad when
ever required— the officers each allowed one
hundred pounds ot baggage, at two pence a
in-le, in the first class cars, each s >ldier a
wile or child, at one penny a mile. That is a
pretty lair price.
English and American Railroads.— The first
number ot the Anwican R ilroad Journal, fbr
1845, contains a lableot the British and also of
the American railroads and canals, their cost
and profit, which exhibits a greater disparity
between the two couniries in respect to such
works than we were aware existed. But, al
though the contrast is at present unfavorable to
u«, it presents much encouragement lor the fu
ture. The large profit and high prices of most
ol the English railway and canal stocks, not
withstanding the immense outlays to securea
perfection and durability to the works unknown
with us, assure a grow ng success and value to
our enterprises ot a like character as the coun
try advances, which we can hardly estimate.
Os the4l British railway companies enumerat
ed, having one thousand eight hundred and twen
ty-two miles opened, the stockot ten onlybearsa
less ptice than has been paid in on the shares.
Two of these are the London and Blackwell and
the 1 ondon and Greenwich, each 3} miles in
length, on which have been expended nearly
eleven and a half millions of dollars. Our most
expensive roads afford hardly an approach to
such cost. We extract from the table some
particulars concerning some of the most profit
able English roads :
Name. Miles, Cost. Share. Vat.
Grand Junction 104 £2.453,169 100 ‘2lO
Grout Western V 2-2 7,’272.539 75 138
I iverpool & Manchester. 3’2 1,739.845 100 ‘203
London & Birmingham..ll’2 6.:|9’4.46-4 100 218
London and G. Western. 93 2,590,-91 41 73
Total 563 20,455,302
These five roads cost 998,185.544, oran ave
rage per mile of 9175 Otkl, and most ot the stock
is more than double tn value its first cost.
We will now take about the same distance in
some of the most profitable American railroads.
Name. Miles. Cost. Share. Vai.
Boston and W*orcester... 4S 52.58n.200 100 119$
Boston and L0we11...... '2B 1.-163,746 100 117
Boston and Providence.. 41 1,900000 100 109
Boston and Maine....... 109 1,381.050 tOO 110
Eastern..... 105 2,388.631 100 108
Utica and Schenectady.. 77 2.124.013 loti 131
Syracuse and Utica 53 1,(6X1,319 100 tl'J
Auburn and Rochester.. 78 1,727.361 100 110
Total 540 15,353,-220
The average cost of these eight roads toge
ther, is something over 828.000 per mile.
The cost of 1,784 mites of railway in Gre-rt
Britain has been £62,287,900 or 9298.981920
being an average cost per mile of about 9167,-
500. Taking about the same distance in Ame
rican roads, embracing nearly all in New Eng
laad, New York. New Jersey, the Philadelphia
and Baltimore, Baltimore aud Washington, and
tbe Georgia Central, making 1.774 miles in all,
we find the aggregate cost $54,416 325. or about
$30,500 per mile. This is not one-half the rail
roads already constructed in this country. The
tabe in the Railroad Journal contains the names
of sixlv-four roads, with the number of miles
and cost. The total length of these is 3,420
miles, and the cost $101.032 935.
Though the financial condition of the most of
'his Union will not allow a revival yet, to anv
very considerable extent of the railroad power,
vet it lias taken hold ol the eastern States and
rages with considerable violence. Maine an«
Vermont are quite alive with projects. New
Hampshire has abandoned hei anti corporation
orejudiees in behalf of railroads, and at it thei
go—in earnest. A powerful conies’ js going on
as towhich State shall have the railway that is
to connect Montreal with an Atlantic port.
Massachusetts is so well pleased with the re-
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY.-MORNING, JULY 3, 1845.
suit of her great railway connecting Boston
with Albany and the Western Lakes as to en
courage her people to undertake a vast number
ol roads.
New York Railroads.— F'.oma report recently
submitted to the legislature of New York, it ap
pears that lhe railroads finished, over which
cars are daily runt ing, present a line ol 632
miles, and cost 820,736 951 20. There are
roads commenced and being constructed, which
will extend the line 420 miles further, at an esti
mated cost of $10,104.1 00. 1 here are now de
nending before lhe hgislature applications for
490 miles ol railroads, at an estimated cost ol
$11,854 000.
Massachusetts Railroads— The annual reports
of lhe several railroad corporations in Massa
chu-elts to the legislature of that Slate, exhibits
the following as lhe cost of each road, and the
receipts and expenditures for 1844. In addition
to those subjoined, there were reports from se
verat other companies, that are now engaged in
lhe construction of their respective roads, all of
which will be in operation during the present
year. The most important of these are the B ts
ton and Fitchburg, and the Springfield and
Northampton. The Hartford and Springfield
opened so late in the season that no return of re
ceipts and expenditures is given.
Cast, Receipts, Expen’s-
Boston and L0we11,... .#1 HW.OOO «n6.‘109 $169,293
Hnsinn and Maine 1,4H5.460 233. UH 137.036
I’harleslnwn Branch ... 280.259 34,653 20,683
E-i.o-ru Rulro.d 2,388.044 j£37.218 109 318
Nashua arul Ln" «ll 380.000 94,587 59,643
N Bcdr.rd and Taunton. 4'10.961 64,997 24,188
Norwich and W0rce5ter.2,170,365 230.674 131,208
Taunton Branch 250.000 96.686 71.526
Western Railroad 7,686,202 753,752 314,074
From the Federal Union.
Rail Roads.
The lengthy extracts we publish to day on
this subject, are worthy ot the profound atten
tion and study of lhe reader. As a matter of
general information, and evidence ol the rapid
improvement ol lhe age, the array of tacts are
sufficiently striking; but the Georgian has an
interest in it peculiar to himselt; he, as a
citizen, is owner in part, of one oi the most
import nt Rail Roads projected in the United
Stales; one certainly destined to become one of
the most important lines ol intercommunication
in the world. We, of course, allude to our
Western & Atlantic Rail Road. And here let
it be bore in mind, that this great undertaking,
from causes not now under consideration, had
in a great degree, lost the public confidence, and
under a shameful act ol our legisla ure, has
been offered for sale at a ruinous sacrifice.—
Fortunately, there was no binder—our own
citizens are too poor, and the citizens of othet
Stales, ignorant of the great advantages held
out to the purchaser, or distrustful of our legis
lation, haw kept aloof from the batgain.—
Georgia is therefore, left owner of one hundred
and forty miles of nearly finished rail road, on
lhe great Southern line of connection between
the Atlantic seaboard and the valley of the
Mississippi.
The confidence of our people in rail roads,
has been shaken by the ill success of some < f
oui private corporations who entered into these
enterprises with no experience and insufficient
funds lor their completion. The Slate’s own
ease is haidly different from the rest, as her
money has been exhausted and her credit shaken
by her own effort in the same field Every thing
seemed to conspire to the same end: a total over
throw of the rail road system in our borders.
But the State will not die, or remain b;tnk
r t pt; she has her money vested, and whether
willing or unwilling, she must decide the ques
tion, whether she will give or throw away her
investment, or apply to the completion of the
road her ample r sources. The facts present-
ed in the extracts above alluded to, form a ground
«mk for tlie judgmentot our legislature. Are
rail road- a profitable investment? Look al the
enormity ot their outlays and the. enormity of
their profits—look at these and answer for
selves. Is the Western and Atlantic Rail Road
on a route promising profit? Look at a map of
the United Slates. See the shortest line from
Si. Louis, to the Atlantic falling through Nash
ville and Chattanooga, to Savannah. Compare
this route with one from New York, through
the great lakes; another from Pf.ilade phia, over
the Alleghany Mountains—another from Balti
more, to the Obis, and yet another across the
and say what motives their projectors can have,
which do not apply to us with greater force.
What are the obstacles in our way, and
where have we arrived when our road is com
pleted? We have heretofore staled that the
Tennessee river will furnish a great trade of
itself, and that our road will do well if no effort
is made to continue it lurther. But we need
not close our eyes to the movements of the peo
ple of Tennessee, especially Nashville. From
this city, whose favorable position in the bosom
of the Mississippi valley, is easily seen, a road
across or around the Cumberland mountain to
Chattanooga, will be immediately commenced.
We have arrayed tnese fact- and these sugges
tions before our readers, that an important mat
ter may not receive less attention than it de
serves. We forbear to enlarge on it, as we have
already given to its discussion some attention,
and have been well satisfied with the manifesta
tions of public opinion on it.
Drath by Fermentation.—A lad in New
Brunswick died alter an illness of 48 hours,
from the effects of having eaten a quantity of
dried apples at one time, and shortly afterwards
drinking beer on them, whiph created a fermen
tation.
From M exico— Yellow Ftver at Tabasco.—
The schooner Water Wiich, Capt.’) renis, ar
rived at our port yesterday morning from Ta
basco, which place she left on the 9’h inst. No
papers were brought, but we learn verbally that
the political news is not of the least impor
tance.
Capt. Trenis reports that the yellow fever was
raging to a great extent when he left Tabasco.
All the crew of the Water Witch, five in number,
were down when he reached thiscity yesterday,
and two or three ol them have been sent to the
hospital.
The remains of the late Gen. Sentmanat, so
barbarously executed in Tab sco a year or two
since, were brought over in the Water Witch.
The witeof the brave but rash officer, resides in
this city.
Marine Disasters.—The shin Constitution,
Capt. A. M Jackson, arrived at this port yes
terday from K-y West with the cargo of theship
Rienzi, recently lost on the Florida Reef. The
C was three days in making the passage. A
mong her passengers we notice the names of
Dr. C. McCormick and lady, and Dr. William
Levelv of the U. S. A.
By this arrival «e learn that the ship New
ark, from Mobile for New York with cotton,
was stranded a short while on Florida
Reef. The ship and sixty bales ot the cotton
were totally lost—the balance ot the cargo had
been carried into Key West in a damaged con
dition.
The barque Globe, of Portland, Me., was
condemned and sold at auction at Key Weston
the 12: h inst. for 81500.
The schooner Staunch, Capt. Spillings, from
Mobile, bound to Baltimore with a cargo ot
cotton, had put into Key West with the loss of
fore-stay, but was to sail on the 18th inst.— Pic.
Another Great Hml of Fish,—At New Haven
yesterday morning, from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000
white fish, as nearly as could be estimated, were
hauled ashore by Mr. Davidson & Russell’s
seine, on the West side ofthe harbor. These fish
weigh about three quarters of a pound each,
and are used for manure by the farmers of the
adjacent towns, who pay trom 50 to 75 cents a
thousand. The haul of yesterday morning was
worth from SSOO to 3750. The weight of the
fish was from 375 to 500 Ions: sufficient to
freight a large ship. Os course they could not
be drawn out of the waler en masse, but being
hauled in at high tide, and ihe net made fast to
a windlass, the receding tide left them high and
dry, Seen at a distance, thus exposed on the
shore, they looked like a snow bank, or an ex
tensive deposile of salt. - N. Y Jour. Com.
Cap Stone.—Thousands of spectators stood
gazing yesterday afternoon to see the workmen
hoist the cap and topmast stone, to its place on
the pinnacle of the spire of Trinity Church,
now 280 feet from the ground. The men on the
top looked like Lilliputians, and the mere sigi t
of beholdine persons working so high in the
air, and at such imminent peril, made the spec
tator dizzv. In a few days ihe machinery and
scaffolding of this exquisitely beautiful spire
will be taken down, and the whole work will
then be seen in all its grandeur. It is not gene
: rally known that the tower, from top to bottom,
is solid stone, with not an inch of wood. The
weight is therefore enormous. It is a subject ot
great congratulation that, up to this time, al
though the men > ave worked in imminent peril,
, and when one false step or movement would be
fatal, there has not been the slightest accident.
(• —N. Y. Express.
Great Train New York train this
morning over the Norwich and Worcester roads
irought in 600 passengers, and a very long
freight train. Connected with this were the
xpress and freight cars of Messrs. Adams &
Co , which contained, in addition to their usual
taily package business, upwards oftwo hundred
bushels of cherries and other fruits. The whole
train wasone ol the largest ever run over the
route. — Boston Trans., Tuesday.
SATU RD •’> '-’ffip ! NG. JUNE 28.
Fast Day.—Goy. Fitzpatrick has issued a
proclamation, designating the Uth of July as a
day of fasting, liumiii—iftß and prayer through
outthe State of Alabama.
The College—Bt >«o op Visitors.—The
final examination Ot the Senior Class in our
State University, says-'he Athens “ Banner," is
now going on, and will be concluded this week.
A Board ol Visitors is annually appointed to at
tend these examina ions; but out of the fifteen
selected for the present year, only three are in
attendance. They are, William Turner, Esq ,
of Putnam; Hon. JohifoA. Jones, of Paulding;
and Col. N. G. Foster, fiif Morgan. Amid the
culpable inattention to w interest cf education
mat ifested by a majorigppf the Board, we de
sire to make
men above name. >.
Health of Mr L.'CK-er—The Savannah Re
publican has the notice ol the health
of its senior editor:—Tie sumerons friends
and acquaintances ol S). ’ Locke, the Senior
Editor, lea-® Jliat
his correspondence for the Republican has been
suspended for some time on account of ill
health. Since his arrival at Rome on the 20th
March last, he has been compelled to intermit
all labor and abandon his correspondence,
both public and private. A letter from his
lady to a friend tn this city, dated at Vien
na, previous to the 13th ultimo, received by
the last Boston steamer, mentions that Mr. L.
had been so great a sufferer that he had been
compelled to abandon ad plans for pleasure
and was about to repair to Graefenburg, two
days journey beyond Vienna, for the purpose of
consulting a celebrated physician there. This
necessarily changes all his plans, and renders
his future movements entitely uncertain. We
sincerely trust that the next steamer may bring
us information of his complete recovery.
Eugene Sue on Education.—ln the twelfth
number of the Wandering Jew, the author gives
a vivid account of the ravages of the cholera in
Paris, and sketches to the life some of the horrid
orgies that so often attend frightful epidemics.
Among these are graphic scenes ot mob violence,
arising from the idea thatthere were persons en
gaged in poisoning the public fountains—such
scenes as were enacted during the Milanese
plague, whilelhegreat Borromeo was laboring
there in the cause ol philanthropy. Upon these
scenes, Eugene Sue bases the following noble
reflections:
“What imperious reasons does not this fur
nish for making instruction and enlightenment
penetrate ihe lowest depths of the masses, and
thusenable many unfortunate beings to defend
themselves against manystupiJ prejudices, fatal
superstitions, and implacable fanaticisms.—
How can we expect calmness, reflection, self
go/ernment and sentiments of justice from the
abandoned beings that ignorance has brutalized,
misery depraved, and sufferings soured, and
about whom society only troubles itself when it
becomes necessary tochainthein for the galleys,
or pinion them for the executioner?”
This sentiment, says the Louisville Journal,
is an excellent one standing by itself, but its
force is much greater in the position given it by
the illustrious author in his great work. When
will legislation awake to the truth and enlighten
ment of the vital fact that a few thousands of
dollars devoted to the proper education of the
masses, will do more to prevent crime, than
many thousands invested in prisons, penitentia
ries, atid other penalties? How long must phi
pWi.,sWby plea J
t reiwwtn*rrawrr
The self-denying, en.l*>iasßc,and well direct
ed labors of Howard, ail? ihe religious fervor
and zeal ol Mrs. Freyesham have done much
in this cause, but much iemains yet to be done,
and it seems to us that a’l useful efforts must
now be directed to the rort of the evil. Eugene
Sue has presented theideh with force and clear
ness. May it sink deep Into the public mind,
and bring forth fruit abundantly.
Frederika Bremer—A correspondent of
the New York Express, writing from Stock
holm, says that Frederika Bremer, the charming
author of the “ Neighbors, 1 and the rest of that
series of beautiful works descriptive of Swe
dish lite anc manners, is about to visit Ihe Uni
ted States. She will leavekbout the first of Au
gust, and coming byway of England, expects
to spend a year in this country. The writer
hopes she will be well received, as she has “ a
passionate admiration” for our republic and its
free institutions. She will be well received for
her own worth, her lovely character, her beau
tiful writings. Thereneedi.no condition pre
cedent to ensure her a welcome. ’ "77
Mr. Shannon, like Capi. Tyler, seems to
find no defenders among any class, and by com
mon consent, every man who feels an inclina
tion gives him a kick. Prentice touches him
thus:—“Poor Mr. Shannon has been robbed
twice in Mexico. Shakspeate thinks it much
better tor a man to be robbed of his purse than
of his character, but if Mr. Extraordinary Shan
non could have managed to get the Mexican
banditti to take his character off his hands, he
would have been a vastly lucky fellow.”
A Swift Locomotive.—The Philadelphia
Ledger states that one of tbe iron horses, of the
Norris build, attracted a crowd on Saturday in
front of the Exchange, having made its appear
ance upon the railroad. It is known by the
name of the “J hn Little," and will run on the
Long Island railroad. At a trial of speed, it
went ninety-seven miles in two hours and a half.
It has eight wheels in all.
Mr. Tyler.—The fate of this man, says
Prentice, is a warning to all political time
servers, who expect to propitiate the favor of
their opporents by betraying their friends. The
Virginia Valley Star, for example, a strong
Loeofoco paper, scouts his nominjition to the
United States Senate—a man, it says, “ who
has proved treacherous to all parties that ever
confided in him.” After an expression of pre
ference for even Mr. R.ves over Mr. Tyler, the
Star adds: “There is no man in this Common
wealth, in our humble opinion, who is in all
respects less deserving of the confidence and re
gard of the people of Virginia—who has on all
occasions proved more faithless to every party
with which he has been connected —and who is
better entitled to the scorn and detestation of all
honest politicians in this State and everywhere
else.” Such, continues the Journal, is the sen
tence pronounced by all Locotocos, who do not
think proper to preserve a politic silence, upon
the man whom they first seduced into the com
mission of tbe very acts of treachery lor which
they always despised, and now abuse him !
O" Not long since, a Mr. Cunningham, the
editor of a Democratic paper in Portsmouth,
Virginia, and Rives ot the Globe, met and took
a turn at fisticuffs, in which Cunningham came
off “second best.” The event was duly chroni
cled by the press, upon which Prentice com
ments thus:—“Cunningham, the Loeofoco
editor who got flogged the other day on board
the Osceola, was the wretch who declared that
rhe death of Gen. Harrison was a judgment of
God upon the nation for electing him. We
wonder if the miscreant thinks that his own
flogging was a judgment of God, or merely a
judgment of the ex-editor of the Globe."
Within the last ten months there have
been sixteen girls married, who were operatives
in one room of the Lowell Corporation, Mass.
This apartment will now be likely to be over
run with applicants for employment.
The Water Cure.—Dr. Shew, of N, Y,
has made an establishment at Lebanon Springs,
Columbia County, tor the treatment of patients
by the “ Water Cure. ”
Honors to the Dead.
The following Executive order, issued im
mediately upon-the receipt of the intelligence
of the death of Gen. Jackson, and the ac
companying remarks of the Georgia Journal.
escaped us in that paper of Tuesday, and first
met our observation yestetday in the Southern
Whig:
Executive Department, )
Milledgeville, June 18, 1845. $
The Executive having received the mournsu 1
intelligence of the death of Andrew Jackson,
late Major General of the Army of the United
Slates and President thereof; and as it is right
and proper that all due honor should be paid to
the memory of those who have rendered distin
guished services to their country —
It is Ordered, that 'hw Hundred Guns be fired
on the Capitol square, at regular intervals, be
tween sunrise and sunset, on the morrow.
2. That the several entrances to the Capitol
be hung in mourning.
3. That the Officers of the Executive Depart
ment wear crape on the left arm tor the space ot
thirty days, and that it be recommended to all
lhe civil and military officers of the Stale to
wear the like badge for the same period.
The Executive will unite with his fellow cit
izens in testifying such other respects to lhe me
mory qf our deceased fellow-citizen as they may
deem proper to show.
Capt. Newsom, Os the State House Guard, is
charged with the execution of the first ort er.
By the Governor.
S. J. ANDERSON, S. E. D.
“ in accordance with the above, one hundred
guns were fired on thecapitolsquare, on lhe 19th
inst., and since that day, the interior of the cap
itol has been clad in mourning, and will so re
main, we presume, for thirty days."
Mexican Affairs.
We find the annexed paragraph in the New
York Sun, translated from Mexican papers
brought by the barque Anahuac, lately arrived
al that p< rt from Vera Cruz:
“ The decree granting pardon to Santa Ana
and his officershasbeen published. Santa Ana
is banished from the country forever, and not for
ten years, as before stated. Canaltzo and Bas
sadere are banished for ten yenrs. Rejon, Ba
randa, Haro and Tamariz, who fled, the Go
vernment will provide for hereafter. Each
of the above will receive a pension equal to
one-half the pay they received when under
Santa Ana. But this pension is lost if they
change their residence to any other place than
that which the Government points out. By lhe
decree the pecuniary responsibilities of these
persons is not withdrawn. Consequently, San
ta Ana, Canalizo, and the tour ex-Ministers
were obliged to satisfy all their creditors before
leaving the country.”
Counterfeit Bank Checks.
The following statement was furnished to us,
says the Columbus (Geo.) Enquirer, by Gene
ral S. A. Bailey:—
A man calling himself George W. Rhine
Robinson, came to Columbus in the stage from
the West, on Saturday last, about 3 o’clock P.
M.; in the course of that afternoon, he contrived
to pass off nine checks of the denomination of
920 each, purporting to have been drawn by
the Bank of Chartesion, S. C., on the Bank ol
the State ot New York; which were all coun
terfeit, but the execution of which is so nearly
identical with that of the genuine plate, as al
most to defy detection except by the most ex
perienced Bankers. To point out as far as
practicable, the difference to the public, we
would say that the engraving of the counterfeits
is lighter than the genuine, especially on Hie
upper and lower border where there is a slight
difference in the figure as well as in the shade
of the ornaments. The two words in the body
ol the check in capitals—“TWENTY DOL
LARS”—occupy a longer space on ihe true
plate than on the counterfeit by one letter, viz.
the “ R” in “dollars, in the genuine plate, will
be found opposite to the “ S ” in the same word
on the counterfeits if the words are compared
and brought on the same line, and also the
names of the engravers, “Draper, Toppau, &
Co., Phila. ” at the bottom of the counterfeits,
occupy a shorter space by about an eighth ol
Rose, Cash’r, are rernarkablv well executed.
' e are inelined to believe, from information
we have received, and from the tact that these
checks are considered equal to exchange on the
North, that a band of villains are now abroad
in Alabama, and many of the Southwestern
States, engaged in the work of passing them off
upon unsuspecting people.
It would be well, therefore, for our fellow
ciuzenstobe upon their guard, and to decline
taking any check of the Bank of Charleston of
the denomination of twenty dollars, drawn on
the “Cashier of tne Bank of the State of New
York.”
Robinson has also in his possession, and
offered to pass, a Hundred Dollar Bill of the
Southwestern Rail Road Bank, (S. C.) which
is pronounced to be a counterfeit.
George W. Rhine Robinson, was examined
on yesterday, by his Honor Jno. G. Winter,
Mayor, and J J. McKendree, Aiderman, on the
charge of passing counterfeit Bank Checks
such as are described above.
Robinson was ordered to give bail in the
sum of one thousand dollars; in default of
which he was sent to jail.
The New York Courier, noticing the recent
treaty between England and France, _with re
gard to the Slave Trade. savs“the Faris Con
stitutional crates that rhe French government
has purchased from the British Cabinet the con
cession of the revision of the treaties, by pledg
ing itself to oppose the annexation ofTexas to
the United States. The assertion that such a
pledge was required and given, is made explicit
ly, and it is lurther alleged that the President of
Texas had been induced by the French and
English agents in that country, to postpone till
a late dav the convocation ot Congress, by
a promise to procure the recognition of Texan
independence by Mexico, and 'he adoption by
England of the debt ot Texas, in return for a
treaty to be hereafter entered into, favorable to
the admission ot English manufactures in that
country. I protests very energetically against
such arrangement, as evincing bad faith on the
part of the French Government towards the
United States, and insists that France should
have remained entirely neural in the matter.”
Correspondence of the Norin American.
New York, June 23—P. M.
Money is abundant both at bank and from
private lenders ; long paper isdone by the banks
at 5 percent., and that paper in the street is
much cheaper. The tide of money is decidedly
in favor of this city; but there is no disposition
shown to use it in speculation.
Not a dollar of specie was exported from this
citv last week.
The Rev. Eli Smith, missionary from Beirut,
Turkey, arrived this day in the ship H. Hudson,
from Liverpool.
The Revenue last week was $247,722 45
Same time in 1844, 520,038 53
Decrease, 9372,317 08
The Small Pox has not yet left the city
Twenty-one dea'hs are reported last week, an
increase of six on the week before. The total
deaths of the week, 202. This is about the most
sickly month of the year,
Melancholy Accident.—The passenger
tiainofcars just alter leaving on Thursday
night when near Mr. Jenck’s plantation, about
two miles trom town, ran over a negro man be
longing to S. Goodall, E«q., of this city, break
ing one of his legs, and otherwise injuring him.
The obstruction to the cars was so slight, that
no one on the train was aware of the accident,
and it was some time before the cries of the un
fortunate victim were beardatMr. lenck’splace.
When heard, he was promptly taken up and
carried to Mr. Jencks’, and Dr. Richardsone
was sent for who amputated the leg, but death
soon after relieved the unfortunate man from his
sufferings.— Savannah Republican.
An Aged Minister.—ln an account ot the
General Association of Connecticut, the Puri
tan states that the Rev. Samuel Not of Frank
lin, was in attendance upon the meeting of the
Association; that he was present at the prayer
meeting at five o’clock on Wednesday morning,
and among the first that appeared in the house ;
“ that Dr. Nott is ninety one years of age; has
been sealed in Franklin sixty-three years next
March; and still performs his duties without
the aid of a colleague, and with more than the
vigor, directness and completeness of many a
young man. This case, especially in the time
which the ministry ot Dr. Nott has covered
without a colleague, seeks with difficulty a
parallel in ecclesiastical history in any age of
the Church. Bos'on Journal.
Liberal Donation.—Messrs Crafts & Still,
Merchants of Manchester, England, have con
tributed for the relief of‘the sufferers in Pitts
burgh, the stun of Three Hundred and Twenty
Dollars. These gentlemen are Americans by
birth. Mr. Craft was a Bostonian and Mr.
Still a Philadelphian.
After hypocrites, the greatest dupes the devil
has, are those who exhaust an anxious existence
in the disappointments and vexations of busi
-1 ness, and live miserably and meanly only to
' die magnificently and rich.
From lhe Columbus Enquirer.
British Whigs.
This is a stereotyped cbatge against all who
doubt and combat the policy of those who are
pleased to call themselves democrals, without
possessing the qualitv s which are imparted to
the term by constitutional provisions. Their
practical incursions upon established order—
their frequent invasions, in many ol lbe Slates,
of the rights and privileges ot others, and their
intolerant denunciations of all who oppose the
disordetly commotions consequent upon tbeit
conduct, clearly enough, show them ofl'as wild
disorganizers—a rule or ruin party —or, at the
very best, a party whose hidden purposes may
be to establish, in trnth, a wild democracy upon
the ruins of our representative institutions. It
is not the intention ot the writer to charge all
who think themselves legitimate democrals un
der our constitution and laws, with revolutiona
ry designs or purposes. We believe the majori
tv of them honest, but misled -the dupes ol the
designing, without intentional error in thought
or deed—the children of error, because too con
fiding—and that sooner or later they must reap
a destruction they are now sowing, unless a
truthful change shall come over the spirit ol
their conduct, before we reach a declination,
ftom which a return is utterly impossible, and
when one common late must overwhelm us ail,
with our loved andqpdeared institutions.
But so long as the unsuspecting in error,
sli.-.tl heed tk -«ry of wolves it- .-beep’s -Irihtttg
that those who oppose the tendency ot the de
tnocracy of these degenerate days, are " British
Whigs”—so long will designed error go unre
buked—political hypocrisy will be in the as
Cendant—and the misled will not be aroused un
til the fury ofdisorganization shall invade their
pwn private rights.
But which is the British party? if either be in
truth such which we do not believe. It is an unmiti
gated slander to charge the Whigs with feeling
as mnch interest and gratification at the pros
perity of any spot in the British dominions, as
they dost that of any place in the United Slates,
either North or South. Such sentiments are en
tertained and have been published to the world,
over the signature of a distinguished and leading
democrat of a sister State, echoed and applaud
ed by a democratic press, with no other qualifi
cation, than “that the side fling at Boston by
Mr. McDuffie, was in bad taste, in a communi
cation destined to be sent into a foreign country.”
Bnt for its destination, the "sentiments” would
not only be “ pleasing” but in good taste; so we
Infer from the editorial alluded to.
That we may do no injustice to Mr. McDuf
fie, or to the editor of the Constitutionalist—we
subjoin the following extracts. We prefer,
however, to give Mr. McDuffie’s letter entire:
GEN McDUFFIE.
A bound copy of the League having been
forwarded to Gen. McDuffie by George Wilson,
Esq., Chairman of the Council of the League,
the former has returned the following acknow
ledgment:
Washington, March 11, 1845.
“My Dear Sir:—l have just received your
friendly and flattering letter, requesting me, in
the name of the ‘ Council of the Anti-Corn Law
League ofGreat Britain,’ to accept of a copy of
the first volume of the League, as a testimony
of their esteem, founded upon the services 1
have rendered to the great cause ot Free Trade
with all nations. In accepting this gratifying
token of their consideration and regard, I beg
the Council to be assured that none other could
have been more acceptable to me than this au
thentic record of the early and successful labors
of an association which, from its commence
ment I have regarded with the deepest interest,
as being destined to produce a fun 'amental
change in the commercial policy ot Great Bri
tain, which cannot but be followed by a corres
ponding change in the policy of all the com
mercial nations ot the earth. Since the Saviour
of our fallen race sent forth his chosen Apostles
to preach the sublime doctrines of ‘Peace on
earib and good will to a'l men,’no human asso
ciation has been formed, in my opinion, belter
calculated to promote the peace, prosperity and
happiness, ot all natio's than the Free Trade
League of Great Britain. A system of Free
Trade, adopted by all nations, would bind them
together by bonus oi common interest and mu
tual g 'od will, which the ambition of rulers
could never tear asunder. Every nation would
rejoice in the prosperity of all nations, as being
essential to its own. . .. ....
■' o’3" 'ately
rnScte,tnwWlWßare uo political communities
on the face ot the earth to which these views so
forcibly apply as to Great Britain, France and
the other manufacturing natio s of Europe on
the one hand, and the agricultural staple States
■ if the North American confederacy on the other.
As a representative of the great exporting interest
of these States, I habitually look upon the prosperi
ty of Manchester with as much interest and grat.ifi
ratwn as I do upon that of Charleston or New
York, and much more than I do upon that of
Boston, which lam constrained to regard as the
fruits of an unjust and oppressive system of leg allied
idunder, which confiscates at least one-fifth of
the annua! income of the cotton planters to sus
tain a mercenary moneyed aristocracy of pam
pered and bloated monopolists.
“ In conclusion I beg you to assure the League
that they shall have my constant prayers lor
their success; that the lime may speedily arrive
when the banner of Free Trade shall wave in
triumph over the whole world, and; hat beneath
its ample fold , ‘the natiors of the earth may
pitch their tents in peace.’ Accept for yourself,
personally, the assurances of my high considera
tion and regard. GEORGE McDUFFIE.
" Geo. W iison, Esq. Manchester, Great Bri
tain.”
The italicised portion of Mr. McDuffie’s letter
must arrest the attention of every reader, and the
laudatory remarks of
net less emphatic.
Extract from the remarks of the Constitution
alist, in publishing Messrs. Calhoun and Mc-
Duffie’s letters:
“Il is pleasing to see these sentimentsofgood
will, crossing the Atlantic at this time of stor
my commotion and popular excitement. They
will contribute their influence towards vindi
cating the strong morality of the claims of the
two countries for a pacific adjustment of their
controversies.”
From whence comes “these sentiments of
goodwill”? From British Whigs ? Let these
questions be answered. No—no—they come
trom one ot the very ablest democrats in the
Union—lauded by the universal democracy,
and rebuked by none that we haveseen, although
Mr. McDuffie “ habitually looks upon the
prosperity of Manchester (in England,) with as
much interest and gratification as he does upon
that of Charleston or New- York, and much more
than lie does upon that of Boston,” &c.
If the interest of Manchester, in England, is
preferred to thatof an American city, and consti
tutes a “British Whig, ” then are a portion of
the democracy of the Union “ British Whigs;”
for they are not American Whigs, whose im
mutable purpose it is, to render unto Caesar the
things'hat belong to Caesar, but at the same
time to love their‘kith and kin,’ better than
they do aliens to the commonwealth.
In conclusion, we take leave to say, Whigs
may sometimes err —this is the common lot of
poor humanity. But the error is from the head.
Whig affections are never misplaced. They
prefer their country first—and last—and all the
time.
Thundering Spring.—ln a deep glen in the
northwest corner of Upson county, is a curious
fountain, popularly known as the Thundering
Spring. It is situated in the mid 'le ot a cany
branch, at the bottom of a high sleep hill. Tbe
basin of the spring is about ten feet over, per
fectly roun’', with shining zones around it, re
sembling gold and silver belts, caused by tbe
deposition of fine yellow sand and isinglass.
Though the sand boils up below with consider
able vehemence, the surface of the water is per
fectly smooth and transparent, and runs oft so
gently that its current is scarcely perceptible,
and many suppose that the waler sinks as fast
as it rises'. The transparency of the water ex
tends six inches. Below that depth it appears
like boiling sand, or a soap kettle in a state of
ebullition. The water is nearly blood warm,
and has a slight sulphurous taste and smell.—
The ebullition is so strong that it is said to be
impossible to sink in this spring. Bathing
here is said to bi a certain cure for rheumatism
and many cutaneous affections. The boiling is
irregular; sometimes being scarcely percepti
ble, at other times strong and violent. The ba
sin is said to be very deep, and many ignorant
people suppose it has no bottom. The most re
markable feature, however, about this singular
spring, is a low rumbling noise, heard at short
intervals, resembling distant thunder, or the low
mutterings of the tempest.
This spring was held in a good deal of vene
ration, we arc told, by the Indians, who imagined
it the laboratory of thunder, and they had an
idea, that by agitating the water they could
cause it to rain. Nearly on the top of the hill
over the fountain, is a deep sink or pit, which
they say was the former situation of tbe spring,
and that tbe Thunder Spirit removed it down to
ti e valley to hide it trom the whites.— Macon
Telegraph.
The Naval Court Martial which has been en
gaged at Washington for some time past in the
trial of Capt. Voorhees on a charge of disobe
dience ot orders, cleared the room on Monday
for deliberation on the finding and senton :e, and
continued wt'h closed doors till about 4 o'clock
when it adjonrnerl to meet again on Tue«dav
morning at 10 o'clock. The result ot the trial
will not be known until it is disposed of by the
President.
A Washington correspondent of the N. Y.
Commercial Advertiser is of the opinion that
Capt. Voorhees will be acquitted, or, at most,
slightly censured.— Bali. American.
MONDAY MORNING, JUNE 30.
Ma. McDuffie’s Health.—The Abbeville
Banner ot lhe 25th inst. says: We learn from a
gentleman of this place who recently visited
General McDuffie, that his health is improving,
and that he is enabled to walk about the house
with assistance.
The New York Commercial says that Dr.
Chalmers has been appealed to, by the mem
bers ot the Free Church of Scotland, on the
subject of receiving contributions from Church
es in the slave states of America, to say
whether religious fellowship conld consistent
ly be extended to slavebolding Churches. The
Doctor reprobates the spirit that would thus
narrow the sphere ot Christian union, and says
that the refusal of such fellowship would be
"most unjustifiable.”
The Naval Court Martial now sitting at
Washington for the trial of Capt. Voorhees on
a charge of taking the U. S. ship Congress into
Annapolis, contrary to orders, is composed ol
Commodore John Downs, President; Captains
Charles S. McCauley, Silas H. Sirfntrham and
French Forrest, members, B. F. Hallett, Esq.,
is Judge Advocate.
McCurry’s Confession.—McCurry, the
murderer ot Paul Roux, who was executed at
Baltimore, is said to have made a full confes
sion of bis crime, which is to be published by
authority. It is said that the part relative to
the murder of Roux, the objects oi the murderer,
with his secret thoughts and doings, are ot he
most appalling character, whilst the other dark
and hideous events in his life are related in ap
parent candor. The correctness ot the confes
sion is certified to by his signature in the pre
sence oi witnesses.
Rare Flowers.—The Montgomery (Ala.)
Journal says:—On Tuesday night, the 17th in
stant, there were twenty-four of the Cactus
Granda Flora, or Night Blooming Cereus, in
full bloom at the garden of John Duncan, Esq.,
in Autauga county. We doubt whether any
of the extensive pubac gardens in or near New
York, ever presented so magnificent an array
of these choice flowers, as did that of thisyn
vate garden of Mr. Duncan on that occasion.
Indeed, the collection of rare plants, shrubs,
and flowers which the taste ot Mr. Duncan has
gathered together at his residence, is one of the
most choice and perfect that we have ever had
the pleasure of observing.
The Season.—The Macon (Ga.) Messenger
of the 26th inst. says:—For three or four days
past, the weather has been extremely warm, the
heat being equal, it not greater than has ever
been experienced in this vicinity. In the cool
est buildings in and about the city,the thermome
ter has generally stood during the afternoons, al
97 and 98 degrees, and in some places higher—
and for two or three hours after sunset, from 93
to 95 degrees.
The weather continues very dry in the city;
but on Tuesday evening, there wflfe heavy
showers in the vicinity—but the rains through
out the season have been so partial, that the
fact is now fully developed, that the corn crop
must be a very short one.
More Books.—We have received through
the hands of Mr Ft— *r .u- . at.
ar WSSWiMe work now issuing in numbers
from the press of the Messrs. Harper, entitled
the Encyclopaedia of Domestic Economy, s
work which, as we have before said, should be
in the hands ot every family; and also part
VIII of the no less invaluable Dictionary of
Practical Medicine. In addition to the above
we have The Wandering Jew, No. 12; The
Nevilles of Garretstown, No. 4, and “Self,”
by the author of “Cecil."
In the celebrated case of Sally Miller, the
Supreme Court ot Louisiana has decided in her
favor. It is a very curious case. The plain
tiff alleges that she is white, and was born in
Germany of German parents—that she came to
this country with her parents, who reached here
as “redemptioners” when she was an infant in
1818, and died shortly after. John F. Miller
alleges that she was his property, born a slave,
brought up by him as such, and sold as such.
A great deal ot testimony has been taken, and
the cause carried through several Courts, till
the Supreme Court has decided that herjffainMs
valid—that she was
Church of England Missions.—The Bri
tish Empire, in foreign parts, (says the English
Calendar,) contains no less than 97,700.000
souls, ot whom more than 90,000,000 are hea
then, without the knowledge of the Gospel of
life. The Church has within the last lew years
sent forth fifteen Bishops and eight hundred
clergy into this world of heathenism.
The General Assembly of Rhode Island was
to have convened at Newport on Monday last.
Two thousand four hundred and sixty-one
emigrants arrived at New York on Monday
trom foreign ports.
A Palpable Hit.—The U. S. Journal, the
organ ol the young democracy at Washington,
has this very clever, but rather ill natured hit at
its cotemporary, the Union :
“External Grief.—Having never declared
that the election of Gen. Jackson to the Pre- i
dency would be tt e greatest curse which could
befal this country, we do not consider it indis
pensably necesst-ry to continue our paper in
mourning for a month aster his decease.”
Words fitly Spoken.—We know not from
whence the following excellent sentiments ori
ginated, or we would give the credit where it is
sojustlydue; at any rate, we desire that its
sterling truths should be read and treasured up
in every patriot’s heart in the land:
Whichwill you do?—One of two things must
be done in this country. Parents must spend
money to educate their children, or they must
pav taxes to build penitentiaries and to punish
crime. There is a great mistake about what is
called education. Somesttppose a learned man
is an educated man. No such thing. Ttvrt
man is educated who knows himsell, and wh“
takes accurate common sense views of men and
things around him. Some very learned men
are the greatest fools in the world ; the reason
is, that they are not educated men. Learning
is only the means, not the end; its value con
sists in giving the means of acquiring, in the
discipline which, when properly managed, it
gives the mind. Some of the greatest men in
the world were not overstocked with learning,
but their actions proved that they were thorough
ly educated. Washington, Franklin and Sher
man, were of this class; and similar, though
not less striking instances may now be found
in all couniries. To be educated, man must
learn to think, reason, compare, and decide ac
curately. He may study metaphysics till he is
gray, and languages till he is a walking poly
glot, and if he is not hing more, he is an un
educated mau. There is no class in the coun
try who nave a larger interest in the education
of their children 'ban farmers; and the subject
should receive from them the attention it de
serves.
Father Confirmed by his Son.—ln the be
ginning of November, Bishop Cobbs conse
crated a new church, in East Rossel) parisi,
Bedford county, Penn., and held confirmation
in several parishes in that vicinity. The South
ern Churchman furnishes the following inci
dents:—
It was an interesting fact, that the first person
upon whom the bishop laid his hands was his
own daughter; and most deeply affecting beyond
all description, when, on the following day, at
St. Stephen’s, he confirmed his own father—a
venerable grey headed old man, now upwards
ofeighty years. But only one or two words at
a time, with long pauses between, could the
bishop, with laultering, choking voice, audi
bly utter. He w almost entirely overcome,
and we feared he would sink under his agitated
feelings. What a sight! The son, a bishop
in the Church of God, invoking heaven’s bles
sing on his father I We know not that there
was a dry eye in the large assembly.
VOL.IX.-50.27.
From the S.’Ulhem Christian Advocate.
Pastoral Letter of the Methodist Epioeopal
Convention.
To the Ministers of the several annual con
ferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
8 >uth, and to all brethren ol their pastoral over
sight, the Convention of said annual conlerences
address this letter, with Christian salutation.
We giateti lly regard it matter of congratu
lation, beloved brethren, for which our thanks
should be offered at the throne of Grace, that
we have been enabled to conduct the business
confided to us by you, with great harmony, and
excent, perhaps, some inconsiderable shades of
difference on points ol minor import, with un
exampled unanimity. Our agreement on all
questions ot importance, has probably been as
perlect as the weakness ot human knowledge
might allow, or reason should require.
For full information ot all that we have done,
we refer you to the journal ot our proceedings,
andthedoenmentswnichaccompany it; partic
ularly the Reports of the Committee on Organi
zation, and on Missions. This latter interest we
have made the subject of a special letter, wish
ing to bring it immediately to the notice of all
our churches and congregations, (to whom we
have requested the letter might be read,) to en
gage their instant liberality.
We made it a point ot early inquiry in lhe
course of our proceedings, tc ascertain with
were known to have concurred in sustaining ti e
declaration ol lhe Southern de egates in the
late General Conference, and in approving ol
the plan provided by that conference lor our be
ing constituted a distinct ecclesiastical connec
tion, separate from the North. The committee
on organization, being composed of two mem
bers from each of the annua) conferences, was
furnished with ample means of obtaining satis
factory information. The members of the com
mittee held meetings with their several delega
tions apart, andon a comparison of their several
reports, carefully made, it was found that both
as to the members ot the annual conlerences,
and the local ministry and membership ot oar
entire territory, the declaration had been sus
tained, and a separate organization called for
by as great a majority as ninety-live to five. Nor
did it appear that even five in a hundred were
disposed to array themselves against their
brethren whose interests were identical with
their own, but that part were Northern brethren
sojourning in our borders, and part were dwel
ling in sections of the country where the ques
tions involved did not materially concern their
Christian privileges, or those ot the slaves
among them. So great appears to have been
the unanimity of opinion prevailing, both among
the pastors and the people, as to the urgent ne
cessity of the great measure which we were
deputed to effect, by organizing on the basis of
the discipline, and the plan provided by the late
General Conference, The Methodist E. Church,
South.
That on so grave a question, concerning
interests so sacred, and afftening so numerous a
people, spread over the vast extent ol the country
from Missouri to the Atlantic ocean, and from
Virginia to Texas, there should be found some
who dissent, is what we could not but expect.
But that the number dissenting should have
been so small compared to the number of those
who have required us to act, is, at least to our
minds, conclusive proof ot the absolute neces
sity of this action, as affording the only means
left in our power to preserve the church in the
more Southern States from hopeless ruin. In
deed the action of the late General Conference,
without the intervention ot the declaration of
the Southern delegates, and the provisional plan
for a separate Southern connection, must have
immediately broken up all our missions to the
people ot colour, and subjected their classes in
most of the Southern circuits to ruinous depri
vations. Os this the evidence has been unques
tionable. And it must appear to you, brethren,
that for whatever reason so great an evil has
b heatened for a cause which the Southern dele
gates did nothing to produce, but resisted in the
General Conference, that evil could not tail of
being inflicted with redoubled violence, and to
a still greater extent, if we, having a platform
legally lumished for a separate organization,
should hesitate a moment to avail oi rselves of
T»«rr<rT>c, to v«si, iv- Pm 'mugeixes Jn
relation to the laws anffpoheyoi the Southern
people, in the same position which was so inju
riously offensive in our Northern brethren,
white it could not be plead in extenuation of
the fault that we were Northern men, and igno
rant of the state of affqirs at the Souih. Into
juch a position we could not possibly put our
selves; nor can we think that reasonable men
would require us to do so.
We avow, brethren, and we do it with the
greatest solemnity, that while we have thus been
laid under the imperative force of an absolute
necessity to organize the Southern and South
western Conferences into an independent eccle
siastical connection, Whose jurisdiction shall be
exclusive of all interterence on tbe nart of the
North, we do not withdraw from the true Chris
tion and Catholic pale ot the Methodist Episco
pal Church. And that whilst we have com
plained, with grievous cause, of the power of
the majority of the General Conference and the
manner in which that power has been con
strued and exercised, we have not complain
ed, and have no complaint, against the church
in itself. The General Conference, or a ma
jority thereof, is not the church. Nor is it
possible that that should be the Methodist
Episcopal Church, which withdraws
'■“ry of the gospel 'spread
-wifilflure hoHness over these lands,” in order to
fulfil some other errand, no matter what. We
could not be Methodists at all, as we have been
taught what Methodism is, if with our know
ledge of its nature, its aim, its constitution, its
discipline, and ot the ruin inevitable to the
work of the ministry in most of the Southern
Slates, if not in all of them, should we still
cleave to a Northern jurisdiction; we neverthe
less could be persuaded to yield the gospel for
a jurisdictional affinity with brethren, who, we
believe in our hearts, cannot govern us without
great injurv to the cause of Christ in most parts
of our work. It we err, it is the spirit of Meth
odism which prompts us to the error. We
"call God tor a record,” that, as far as we know
our hearts, we intend nothing, we desire noth
ing, we do nothing, having any other object or
aim but that the gospel may be preached, with
out let or hindrance, in all parts of our coun
try, and especially to the poor. There is noth
ing belonging of right to the Church—her doc
trines, her discipline, her economy, her usages,
her efficiency, which we do not cherish in our
inmost hearts. It is not the Church, nor any
thing proper to the Church, in her character a
Christ’s body, and consecrated to the pren otion
of his cause in the earth, which we would dis
own, or depart from, or oppose; but only such a
position in the church as one of her sons would
force us into, antagonistic to her principles, har
policy, and her calling of God. Nor yet can
we be charged with any factious or schismatic
opposition to the General Conference, for ««
have done nothing, and mean to do nothing, not
authorized by express enactment ot that body in
view of the very emergency which compels our
action.
avuvu.
It had been too much to expect, considering
the weakness of man. that suddenly roused to
resistance as the Southern churches were, by
the unlooked for action in the cases of Bishop
Andrew and brother Harding, there should not
in some instances have escaped expressions of
resentment and unkindne-s. Or that, put to the
defence of the majority <>t the General Confer
nce, where the evil complained of was so seri
ous, the advocates of that majority should not
sometimes have expressed themselves in terms
whict seemed harsh and njust. We deeply
deplore it, and pray that for the time to come
such exhibitions ol a mortifying frailty may
give place to Christian moderation. We in
voke the spirit of peace and holiness. That
brother shall be esteemed as deserving best, who
shall do most for the promotion of peace. Sure,
ly this is a time of all others, in our day, when
we should seek anc pursue peace, A con tin u
ance ol strife between North and Souih, must
prove prejudicial on both sides. The separa
tion is made—formally, legally m>de— and let
peace ensue. In Christ’s name let there be
peace. Whatever is needful to be done, ot
worth the doing, may be done in peace. We
especially exhort brethren ol the border confer-,
ences and societies, to forbear each other in
love, and labor after peace. Let every one
abide by the law of the General Conference with
respect to our bonds, and choose for himself
with Christian temper, and permit others to
choose without molestation, between North and
South. Our chief care should be to maintain
“ the unity of tbe spirit in the bond of peace.”
Methodism preserved in what makes it one tbo
world over—the purity of its doctrines, the effi
ciency of its discipline, its unworldlinsss, its
zeal tor God, its self-devotion is of infinitely
greater value than a question of boundary or
Genera! Conference jurisdiction merely.
And now, brethren, beseeching you to receive
the words of exhortation which we have herein
briefly addressed to you, and humbly invoking
the blessing ot God upon you, according to the
.riches of his grace in Christ our Lord, praying
tor you, as we always do, that you may abound
m every good work, and confiding in your pray,
ers for us, that we may be found one -vith you
in faith and charity at the appearing ot Jesus
Christ, we tare leave of you, and return trom
the work which we have now fulfilled, to renew
our labors with you and among you in the Lord.
Signed, on behalf of the Convention.
Thomas O. Summers, Secretary.
Louisville, Ky., May Ifch, 1946.