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OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
rrfE CHRONICLE et SENTINEL
S PUBITSHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY
BY J. VV. & W. S. JON ES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum —or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for §5.
Ten subscribers, one year, for $ 20 00
Tri- Weekly paper., at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper* at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money ; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 4, 1845.
Exploring Expedition.—We have received
from the publishers, Messrs Lea & Blanchard,
throi gb Mr. Richards, the 3d and 4th volumes ,
of the Narrative of the Exploring Expedition.
The late hour at which they were received pre
, c I tides a more extended notice at present, but
tjr At the late Commencement at Prince’
ton College, New Jersey, the honorary de
gree of D.D. was conferred on the Rev. Samvel
K. Talmadgb, President of Oglethorpe Univer
sity Ge>.
This is the 99th year since the establishment
of this cherished institution, and the Faculty
have very proper!v made arrangements to cele
brate the centenary anniversary in 1346 with be
coming ceremonies.
Cfntral Rail Road Stock.—The Savan
nah Georgian, of the ‘2l inst. says:—Eight
shares of hestock of the Central Rail Road
and Banking Company were yesterday sold at
the Court House for sixty three di liars per
share. The bonds of the Company are at one
percent, premium.
lowa. —We learn from the lowa Gazette, that
the bill providing fora vote on theConslitu'ion,
as it came from the hands of the Convention
passed both houses of the Territorial Legisla
ture, on the 7th ult., by a vote of two-thirds of
the members. The election is to take place in
August next.
The Electro-Magnetic Company formed at
Utica. N. Y., have obtained the right of wav
from the Railroad Companies between Albany
and Utica, and are now actively engaged in
constructing a telegraphic line between the two
cities.
A tornado passed near the village of London,
Ohio, on the 221 jilt., doing much damage to
properly and the crons. Trees ot immense
size, it is asserted, were caught up by the wind
and whirled through the air like bushes. The
storm was also very violent in the vicinity of
Columbus, but no lives were lost.
Efforts are making at Zanesville, Ohio, to
erect a cotton factory, with a capital of
#50,000.
Ex Gov Dorr.—The release of his ex Ex
cellency from the Penitentiary of Rhode Island,
is thus no'iced by the Charleston Mercury:
“ft will be seen that one of the most brilliant
Immhugs of this day has been dissipated bv the
liberation of “Gov. Dorr” from • risen. There
was some excitement and patriotic fury got up
.by expiess on the oeca-ion, and the editors re
ijoiced in the material tor paragraphs. This is
on firnh * sMcc. —<’in OH V
has produced. But farces are the rage— espe
cially poUJical farces.”
Important Arrest.—A man named Fried- c
enherg, was arrested, in New York, on Satur- t
' dav, tor havinedefrauded, in various ways, a 1
number ol persons in Philadelphia of their ’
g goods. amounting to about SIO,OOO, as ru- ,
, mor states it to be. >
Tur Sabbath —Mayor Havemeyer, of New j
York, has issued his < reclamation, forbidding I
all traffic on Sundays, except in meats, milk and
fish, which may be sold before nine o’clock in
the morning; prohibiting altogether the sale of
intoxicating liquors on that day, except to lodg
ers in hotels and taverns, and persons actually
travelling, in the cases allowed bylaw. An
old statute to this effect, which has long been a
dead letter, has been revived.
An Incident. —There were on Friday, says
the New York Express, in the drawing room of
the City Hotel, Mr. Van Buren, ex-President;
M's John Q iincy Adam* and family of ex-
Presidnt Adams; Miss Cutis, the niece ofcx-
President Madison ; an ' Mrs. Mickleham, the
niece of ex President Jefferson. A meeting of
such distinguished persons rarely occurs.
Money Matters in New York. —We cut
the following extract from ihe commercial arti
cle of theN. Yr Courier A’«r/Hi»er of Monday,
the 30th ult.
In markets generally there is little animatin' l
—the growing grain crops promise well, and
notwithstanding partial failures in some places,
the yield will certainly he large. Ot cotton
there is not yet talk—though as before stated the
impression seems general that the growth of
this year will fall short of that ot last.
M ney is abundant, and capital seeking em
ployment. There will be paid off on Ist proxi
mo something like $750,(100. (all tt at remains
unredeemed) of the original Erie and Cham
plain Canaldcbt. (Jfthis amount the sum of
$300,000 is already translerred to the Comptrol
ler, lo be paid for on ihe Ist July. On the bal
ance, $475,000, interest will. according to no
tice, cease from that day. Os this sum, by far
theg'eater part is held abroad, and littleornone
ot it will be re-in vest'd here. A’an illustration,
a single house, which is to receive some 3270,-
000 has orders to remit the whole with the ex
ception of about 39,000. The general distrust of
American securities —not yet diminished— may
we suppose explain this in part —but the
railroad mania n>w prevailing in Europe, and
the ten'ency of capital to such enterprises, al
ford probably t 1 o true explanation of what o'her
wise seems—when the high rates of the Consols
(if England and the French 5 per cts. are con
sidered—an unusual mistake for capitalists to
make.
The remi'lance of this sum, added to the
annual demand, wilt probably give an impulse
to foreign Exchange —which will not however
be sensiblv feltby this steamer as the payments
will not be made till after her mails are closed.
The prospect o! Ihe August payment ot in
terest by Pennsylvania will serve to keep up
this impulse, and Exchange we apprehend will
not much decline from present quotations, which
were al 109} a 110 in the early nari ol the week
for Sterling, but are now at 109 ' a 109}; bills on
France 5 27}.
Henry Daniel —The Frankfort Common
wealth ot ihe 24'h ult. says: —We understand
that the Hon. Harry Daniel was last week ac
quitted on the It tai of the indictment against
him in the Montgomery circuit court for the
murder of his brother-in-law, Clifton R.
Thomas, Esq.
An Iron Bridge—The Pottsville and Phila
delphia Railroad Company, have constructed
an Iron Bridge at their depot at Pottstown, on
the truss principle. The weight of the bridge
is 9 tons | cwt. The span is 31 feet—the cords
are inadeof wrought iron It is said to be the
first iron bridge ever constructed in this coun
try —cost aboui $1 ,690
The “ Union” hails the anticipated “ anirexa
lion” of Texas, with “Long live the rc-uwon of
the two Republics ” When were the two Re
publics evei united! This is worse than the
blarney about “re annexation !”— A er. G'nc.
A Colton Factory has been established near
Wheeling, by Mr. G. T. Tingle, which turns
out 350 pound» ot yarn each day. The estab
lishmenl has just been filled with new and su
perior machinery.
The starch factory of Mr. D. R. Naso, near
Boston, was partially destroyed by fire ou Fri
day night la’l; insuied. A block ol small
buildings adjoining, owned by Mr. James Card,
was much damaged; insured.
A building occupied by the Providence Dye
ing. Bleaching and Calendering Company, at
Providence, R. I, and used for packing go. ds.
wa-consu l cd on I’hursdav evening, logeher
with nearly all of its contents, loss $19,000;
covered by insurance. The fire is supposed, to
have been caused by the bursting ot a spirit
lamp.
Fzvrn the Cfirulr.sl/.V'n Courier.
Insurance.
There is a struggle now in progress in the
United Slates between opposite systems o! in
surance, or perhaps, to speak with more pre
cision, between different, il not antagonistical,
principles of fiscal policy in ihe administration
of insurance companies. The contest, in one
word, resolves itself into a single question,
whether funding or distributing the profits of
insurance is most expedient fur the public
good. Looking to security as the primary and
to profit as only the secondary aim ol insu
rance, there are but two sources of safety to the
insured. 1. Au adequate capital 2. The for
■nation of a fund, out ol the profits, to cover
contingent loss The security of adequate
capital, is difficult, if not impossible, t1 be found
in the United States This is not left to con
jecture. It has become history. Un ter these
circumstances the struggle io which we have
adverted must terminate in the ascendency of
one or the other of the two systems. I'hty
cannot stand together. The companies which
distribute theii profits among a body of stock
holders most drive their antagonists out of the
field of rivalry, or become merged in those as
sociations which divide, but do riot distribute,
their profits among the more numerous body
of premium-payers, and investing them derive
■compound interest horn the invesjment. It re
Wrtlhfpli'Wll' te®aW.’ In ffftT
practical decision of this question the people
of the United States, but more particularly the
citizens ol Charleston, have a deepund abiding
interest. Both st stems have their supporters.
A detailed examination of their relative merits
can alone remove prejudice or enforce convic
tion.
Having inquired with some fullness into the
causes which have produced failure, to afford
either piofit or security from insurance general
ly io the United Slates, we are naturally con
ducted to this ni"re practical branch of the in
vestigation, Which of the systems now in
vogue, if amended, where amendment is practi
cable and necessaiy, promises—l The highest
safety. 2. The greatest economy. 3 Is must
profitable. There aretbree modes of insuranc
of different degrees of popularity. 1. The
Proprietory 2. Tho Mutual. 3. The Mixed
The proprietory plan, as is generally known,
has a subscribed capital and makes a distribu
tion of the entire profits a uong ihe stockholders,
they bearing all the losses. The Mutual scheme
has no body of stockholders, but forms its
capital, in Ihe commencement, out ot the pre
miums advanced, lor this purpose, by the as
sociated parties who originate the company, the
premium-payers dividing the whole of the
profits and sharing the losses. The Mixed
system has a subscribed capital and lardy of
stockholders, but returns to the insured, after
interest on the capital invested with the losses
and expenses are paid, the whole, or a portion,
of the net annual gains. It will be perceived
at once that the Pnmrietoiy and Mutual are the
two unadulterated forms, and that the Mixed
is a combination of both, presenting a compro
mise between the other two systems, which
hus occupy the extremes. The details of
management in each of the plans differ widely
in different countries. Some of the companies
in the United States, conducted on the Mutual
plan, return to the assured the whole of the net
profits. Others, managed on more safe and
solid principles, reserve the wholeof the annual
net gains to cover losses, which gains being
invesied, pay to the insured an annual interest,
in the ratio ot their contribution to the general
fund as premium-payers
Insurance on the Mutual plan is of some
antiquity. In England the first company, the
Amicable, was chartered in 1705. in the rei n
ot Queen Anne. 1 has only recently become
-irevalent in the United States. The Mixed
plan is most popular in England. It is un
necessary here to enter into the consideration
ot i.v-d insurance. Il has found little favor
in this country. Where Ihe principle is -n
--gralted on charters it bee ones a source of
danger, without a corresponding equivalent, as
the insured being parlieipanis with the stock
holders in the profits incur a legal liability, as
partners, for the losses. Where it is adopted as
a n le of practice it leaves a large discretion to
the directors, in distributing much or Z<7/fc
L-auamurilm nsanrad a „>■»«.»»*»«
of a concession in favor of the mutual prtn
ciple, while it yields nothing suhstantivelv.
1. IPiicA system. affords the highest, security ?
The concession must be made of superior se
curity, m the beginning, from a subscribed paid
up capital. But this advantage over the Mu
tual plan is very temporary, and is frequently
inure apparent lhan real. Supposing conft
dence in ihe associated parties to be equal a 1
the commencement, ihe rd live advantage is
quickly lost of a subscribed capital. The pre
miums paid it soon create an adequate fund
lor insurance, and then it becomes questiona
ble whether the advantage, on the score ol
safety, does not lie with ihe Mutual Companies
Unless the capitals of joint stock companies
are large the balance of benefit is clearly with
the former. The accumulation of a sufficient
fund for insurance, if ever so gradual, from the
payment ot premiums, soon forms a large ag
gregate. The foundation is thus laid in the
p incipal of accumulation for ample security,
in the case of Joint stock Companies the capi
tal is fixed in amount. It has a maximum. In
the case ot a Mu'ual Company it has no limit
hut in the will ol the association. But this
question, as all questions of confidence in as
sociated parties for similar nurposes, resolves
itself into one of character and monied respon
sibility. No company could be formed on anv
plan, of which the projectors were not well
known to the community as individuals of
high integrity and adequate means. The best
devised system would fail without this pre-re
quisite. With it, the worst might command
temporary success. We cannot then perceive
the substantial distinction between a subscribed
anil paid up insurance capital and the well
secure I promises ol responsible parties in its
formation.
2. Which system is mast economical?— A mu
tual company, gradually enlarging the sphere
ot its business, with no more than commensu
rate risk, as the fund from the payment of pre
miums increases, must supply, will, its other
inducements, the motive of economy in a high
er degr-e lhan a company on the other plan. In
the commencement of its operations it can in
sure as cheaply. At this stage it can maintain
a rivalry with a joint stock comoanv in the
lowness of its premiums. But it finds in the
accumulation of its undistributed profits the
means and the justification lor the reduct-on ol
its rates. It has within itself the principle ot
growth. The rates of insurance in the busi
ness of a joint stock company must be adjusted,
tn reference to its prescribed amount ot resour
ces. If it has to encounter competition, a re
duction of premiums must not only lower its
profits, but may comparatively endanger its
safety. This cannot happen to a mutual com
panv, as it finds in the conservative principle
of accumulation ample space tor rivalry and
reduction of premiums. In ihe progress of
time, therefore, the mutual system has the pow
er an ! can offer to those desir >us ot insuring,
the inducement of a gradual reduction in the
expense of insurance. It is and can be the only
system which pfovi les in its internal structure
the means of cheapening insurance, within the
limits of safety nn<l salutary competition, thus
approaching that great principle ot improve
ment in modern society, by which, expense be
ing reduced, the use or consuni'iti. n isexten'ed
of whatever is necess' r v f>r human comfort or
safety. This is a valuable discovery in in
surance.
Let us illustrate this in the case of fire insu
rance. The assessed value of real estate in
Charl-ston is $12,009,009. We will simp use
that $8,090 099 is insurable, and thats4,ooo,ooo
are actually insured, at an average rate, for
brick and wood, of j ner cent., producing as the
sross annual profit on this branch of insurance
$30090. On the supposition that an induce
ment would be presented on the mutual plan, bv
a reduction of one-third in the rate of premium,
to insure the whole or nearly the whole of the
insurable real estate of Charleston, the aggre
gate annual income on this branch of insurance,
at J percent., would be $40,000 This is as
suming that ihe hazard, having reference lo the
concentration of risk, i* not proportionahlv
greater on eight than it was before on four mil
lions of dollars It we suppose a reduction of
one-sixth in the premiuui on $6,000,000 d i_n
sured real estate, producing at } percent., $37,-
500 per annum, it will serve to elucidate the ef
fect ot the principle, with less diminution of se
curity, by an increase in the amount of risk.
But as this is only intended for illustration, it
would become of course a matter of calculation,
whether the risk would not be more than com
paratively increased on the larger than on the
smaller amount, from its less diffusion. Ii
might be necessary to pass ihe limits indicated
and look beyond Charleston forth- security-oi
more spreaded hazu’d. But the princi leisun
deniable, that mutual insurance affords in n
higher degree than the other system, the power
to reduce the expense of insurance within sate
limits.
3. Which system is most'profitable? —M hat we
said above renders it almost unnecessary to en
large on th s division of our subject Here
dierecan be uo room for comparison Thepro
i rietory plan affords the stockholder the averag*
rate of profit on his investment. The mutual
nlan leaves the premium-paver an amount ol
gain lo which it is impossible to fix a limit, and
it is on that portion of his outgoings which, on
the other plan, passeslrotn him without an equi
valent. A return is received ot what, in the
usual acceptation, is not capital but expenditure
What is paid ordinarily for insurance is a branch
of expense similar to a direct tax. No policy-
tioufer on the proprietory plan looks to any
thing hut security when nis premium has pass
ed from him. The mutual ; lan thus presents
an incentive to economy, and, in its results, ope
rates like a Savings Bank. The fund being
constantly accumulative, the in ured finds in
the ptinciple of mutual insurance that resource
on which he tnay tall back in his distress, or as
constituting, it untouched, a future provision
tor his offspring, in its economical and social
results, therefore, it presents a striking superior
ity over the other system.
We have already remark-d that capital for
insurance, commensurate will) rhe ri~k, is diffi
cult, if not impossible, to be obtained by sub
scription in the United States. If charters were
granted embracing a provision limiting the di
vidends, and compelling the reservation of a
surplus, to form a contingent fund, to ccmplete
the subscription to the stock, with such condi
tions, would be impossible. It is more than
questionable whether monied men could be en
ticed into this line of investment on anv less in
ducement ot profit than is now afl'>rded by in
surance companies having subscribed capitals
We have copied our system ol insurance from
England, bm we have discarded the most valu
able part of the English plan—the formation ol
companies with large capitals by men of admit
ted w ealth, subject to personal liability more or
less limited. The evidence ol solidity, ol safe
tv, and olJudicious acjutipistra.mu, is loubri in
are subject to (he monstrous impost of 3s per
'cent, on common risks—the duty being 200 per
cent, upon the premium. Insurance capital in
England is never inadequate to sustain any rea
sonable amount of loss Insolvency oi a com
pany is there a rare occurrence. There is uo
mystery in all this. Competition being more
under control than it is in the United Stales,
public confidence is in proportion to the union
of large capitals and responsi iepaaies Now,
in the United States, of what security generally
have been subscribed capitals? They have
been swept a wav repeatedly by large or succes
sive losses. Os what value has been the ad
vantage of a small insurance capital unsus
tained by a safety fund? Sunpose the two
great fires in New York and Charleston had
happened in the infancy of those institutions in
which the property’ destroyed was insured,
would the capitals have reimbursed the losses,
or, being subscribed and paid in, have afl’.rded
a higher guarantee than would have been pre
sented by the voluntary association of business
men. who would offer their well secured notes
as the nucleus of a capital, to be enlarged, with
out limit, as new parties should come in?
When, with these practical considerations are
connected the just results of theory—when the
history of insurance companies in the United
Slates, is combined with personal experience
and observation, the general cone usion is irre
sistible, that we are driven to the alternative,
in this country, of a change of system, or the
continued liability ot property to the hazard of
loss by fire or fl rnd.
We wind up this branch of our inquiry with
a brief recapitulation of out heads ot argument.
We set out with the assumption, that there ate
hut two inodes of safety in insurance. I. The
existence of an adequate capital. 2. Funding
permanently the whole or a large portion of the
profi s. This is supposing insurance compa
nies in other respects judiciously administer* d.
Where either of'he ab >ve conditions are ab
sent, insurance must be unsafe. The facts we
have adduced and the reasoning we have offer
ed, warrant, then, the following inferet ces:
1. That in the ab-ence of adequate insur
ance capital, no plan of insurance promises ei
ther safety or stability, unless the profits, in
whole or greater part, are funded :
2. That the pro; rie'ory or j dnt slock system
has failed to give security to the insured or pro
lii to the insurer.
3. That there is no possibility of satisfactori
ly engrafting the principle ol funding the pro
fits on the proprie'oty plan ; and,
4. That the only sale resource is in the mu
tual schem ,of which funding the profits is the
essential feature.
We will offer, as a sequel to th-se remarks,
in another publication, a few additional obser
vations, with some reflections on Life Insur
ance. J.N.C,
Fran the S'raanah .
Messrs Edi'ors i H iving just past over near
the entire length of the State, not in one of those
conquerors ot time and distance, which go puff
ing and whizzing along, bnt jogging leisurely
with mv bays, stopping to talk with the farmer
wherever I met him, I send- vou a brief account
ol what I have seen and hea'd. From the sea
Board to the mountain there is but one complain'
—want of rain. There ha”e been partial show
ers, but no waler insufficient quantity to proper
ly wet the earth since last March. Most rtf the
mills are at a stand still—few have water e
nough to grind for their neighborhoods. The
wells are low, a few buckets full exhausting
them entirely.
I did not see a really good crop on mv route
S me by constant work and good farming were
doing tolerably well. In the mountains a lab
frost cut down the corn when six or eight inches
high, killing the peaches, leaving ns, however,
a few apples. The wheat crop, although short
in the stalk and head, was tinnsnallv well filled
the grain large anil firm. Th “ oat crop so short
that few will be able to gather it. Many are
turning their stock uoon it, making pasturage
instead of attempting to harvest. With rain a
halt or more of a corn crop may be made, but it
must come soon.
I find two comfortable Hotels here. Mrs.
Collier has put up a large addition to her hou=e
giving her near one undred feet front, wi'h
comfortable rooms, pleasant parlors, and a table
as well furnished as anyone can wish; and von
may promise a kind recepti it lo all who wi I
come and behave themselves, for I am sorry to
say 'hat many, when they leave home, seem to
forget that a certain course of conduct is as ne
cessary to procure kindness mid attention abroad
as at home. Mt. N ish has taken the Wilev
Hotel, and if he keens as good a house as
he did when on the Ridge road near Athens, his
guests will have no cause of comnlaiut.
A cotrespondent ot the Philadelphia U. S.
Gazette, in a letter dated at Providence, R. I.
makes the following allusions to the industry
and thrift of the New-England people :
At Provid -nc“, I availed myself of an oppor
tunity to visit among other actories, the exten
sive works of the New England wood screw
' manufactory, which is a curiosity worthy the
notice of all’who visit that city. The works
are very extensive and the machinery the must
pertict that can be lound lor the manufacture ot
this article. Some idea may be formed of the
extent of the works from the fact lliat they turn
out six hundred lons <tf screws per annum I
Even with this product they are unable to sup
ply the maiket, and have orders months in ad
vance ol their ability to supply them.
U on entering the principal room of this
manufactory—a' very large one—l beheld a
hundred and filly machines in operation, and
producing a deafening clatter, alien le : by, pro
bably, a hundred and thirty young women, girls
and boys, from twenty years of age down to
nine or ten; most of them tending one machine,
hut some having charge of two. I could not
refrain from remarking to the gentleman who
accompanied me, that this room presented one
of the most striking exemplifications I had ever
witnessed, of the difference between the north
and the south. H-re were from a hundred and
twenty to a hundred and thirty persons, who, at
ihe South, would be doing nothing, and perhaps
worse than nothing, that were each here, bv the
aid of machinery, the invention ot a Yankee,
performing the manual labor ot at least twenty
five or thirty men.
Suppose there were one hundred, each of
whom,' by the aid of machinery, performed the
manual labor ol twenty men; the result would
he a product equal to’the labor of 2000 men,
from those who. in other parts ol the country,
are allowed to spend their time in idleness and
mischief. Let those who wonder why it is that
the Yankees are so’thrilty and prosperous, why
they accumulate wealth, living as they do upon
a cold, unproductive, rock bound soil, while the
South with their rich bottom lands and their
genial climate, are so far in the rear, cease to
wonder. The reasoning is as plain as the noon
day sun, and no man can go into the New-
England factories «ithont perceiving it. As I
have before remarked, the capitalists of New
England, instead oi dabbling in s'oeksand play
ing the game of “ Bull and Bear,” invest their
monev with a view to the employment oi labor,
the onlv source of wealth.
Their capital seeks labor and puts it into ac
tive operati n, and the consequence is that
' wealth is created, idleness and its ten thousand
concomitant evils are, in a great degree, ban
ished from the community. I did not see an
idle man in Proviaenee, nor to the best of my
recollection, in New England; nor was 1 able
t > discover, though I took pains to do so, any
, appearance of squalid poverty, or even ol dis
. comfort. The poorest tenements appeared to
, have an air of comfort and neatness about them
which indicated that the wis' ol Henry IV ol
France was realiz' d; namely, that every poor
■ man should have a chicken in his pit at least
' once a week. It may be inferred from the lact
? >f so many voting people being engaged in the
factor! sin Providence, thatfev juvenile idlers
were to be seen in the streets: 1 saw none, and
1 therefore heard none of the blasphemous lan
! <mage which so frequently greets the eat in ou r
1 city from half grown boys and those ot lessei
1 growth. _
CiNCiNNAiTi Against the W-.RLD.—A wo
man of this city, a few weeks since, was nrema
-1 turely delivered of six children at one birth.—
Cin.Eny.
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 10, 1845.
MONDAY MORNING. JULY 7.
The Fourth of July.
The celebration of our national jubilee, on
Friday, was rather more spirited than we have
witnessed for several years in this city.
The military display refl cted much credit
upon the respective companies, and the proces
sion, as a whole, was quite an imposing spec
tacle, which was organized and marched, accor
ding to the published Programme, to the Pres
byterian Church, where the ceremonies of the
day were concluded, by the persons selected for
the discharge ot the respective duties, before a
numerous and highly delighted auditory.
The usual religious ceremonies, and the
reading of the Declaration of Independence
having been concluded, an appropriate, chaste
and eloquent o-atton we learn was pronounced
by the Rev. Charles S. Don. Ol the merits
of this production, not having heard it, we are
unable to speak save from hearsay, which is
indeed .t ost flatter ittg to the Orator.
■ Sliced ftsim
during the present month of July. Four new
ships are to be adued to the New-York and
Liverpool line of packets, so that one vessel
ehall leave every week.
Health of Augusta.
We call public attention, says the Constitu
tionalist ot Thursday last, to Ihe following
statistics of mortality, compiled by a promi
nent medical gentleman of this city, from au
thentic data, and kindly furnished us for publi
cation. We understand that the average mor
tality ot cities is about one in thirty-three,
which will exhibit a very favorable comparison
as to the health of ourcity.
Health of Augusta.—The following state
ment of the rate of mortality in this city, the
last five years, is proof conclusive of a health
fulness, which is not excelled by any city of
equal size in onreountrv. !'he rate of mortal!-
hasheen calculated upon the late census, that
o 1840 being confessedly very impetfect. The
stillborn, and deaths from violence or accident
are included in the estimate.
In 1840, the mortality was 1 in 43, 33.
“ 1841, “ “ 1 ■< 71 85.
“ 1q42,1 q 42, “ “ 1 55. 66.
“ 1443, " « 1 “ 49 40.
“ 1444, “ “ 1 “ 38' 00
The average mortality for the last five years
51,64-100. g.
Rhode Island.—A series of Resolu’ions pro
testing against the manner in which the State of
Maine has interfered in the State affairs of
Rhode Island was introduced and passed in the
H use bv a vole of 41 to 26. The resolutions
were ordered printed with the proceedings ofthe
court that tried Dorr, copies to be sent to Gov
ernors of States, and others. The General As
sembly adjourned at half past three o’clock on
Saturday morning, 28 h ult., to meet again in
October. Dorr, though set at liberty, is not yet
restored to his civil rights, as he refuses to take
the oath prescribed by the act of amnesty.
tS’Glen. Jno. B. Dawson, of Louisiana, died at
his residence near St. Francisville, on the 26th
ult., aged about 45 years. Soon after becoming
ot age he was elected to ihe legislature from the
Pari-h of Feliciana, since when he spent most
ot his life in public employments. At the
time of his death he was a member of Con
gress. Gen. D. was a native of Nashville,
Tenn.
lowin from the Baltimore Sun ot Friday last:
S’en er Princeton.— We received from An
napolis last evening a communicati n from a
source r familiar to us, announcing the arrival
■ d thest mer P*nceton in the Roads off that
city, nil lays from Galveston, with imelligence
Tom Te as of the introduction of joint resolu
'ions an i iri-ingthe adoption of the annexa
tion resolutions of the United States, &c. We
ire, however, without confidence in the source
f ottr information, and therefore decline its
üblication in detail.
Postage.—The new postage act will have
ihe effect of increasing largely Ihe correspon
lence of the country. At New York on the first
lay of its operation, five times as many letters
vere received as made the usual average under
rhe old pos age rates. In all the other large
i-ities, the increase was equally great. The
Washington Union says:
We understand that many country postmasters
:ne resigning their offices, in consequence of the
operation of the new post office law. We learn
'hat nearly one hundred resignations were re
ceived, by the Postmaster General, in the course
if one day.
F> At a recent meeting ot the General Theo
logical .Seminary ot the Protestant Episcopal
Church, in New-York, a motion v as made to
remove Bishop Onderdunk from his professor
ship in that institution. The motion was re
jected by the decisive vote of 41 to 11.
Destructive Fire—A fire look place in a
field near Lake Champlain, a few days since,
which swept over the country for miles—burn
ing down a dwelling, two saw mills, 17009
pieces of lumber, 3,000 logs, belonging to
Messrs. Baines Travis—a saw mill, dwelling,
barn, 6,090 pieces of lumber, 200 logs, belonging
■o Hon. N. S. Stores—two mills, dwelling, and
barn, ol John Ensign—five other mills in West
Moriah and Scroon, and mifh other property.
Total loss estimated at 5300,000. The fire ex
tended eight miles, and ran like the wind. No
lives were lost, although there was many nar
raw escapes.
Robbery.—ssooo in gold was stolen from on
board the steamboat Champion on her passage
from New York to New Haven, a few days
since, from a earpet bag containing 810,000 in
two bags, and a roll of bills. The other bag anti
bills was left by the thiet, who had not been
discovered.
Georgia Lead Ore.—The Macon Telegraph
says:—A quantity of yellowish ore was handed
tn Mr. E. J. Johnston, of the firm of Win. B.
Johnston & Brother, a few days since, by a gen
t’eman who brought it from near his plantation
in Jones county, in order to discover its cha
racter. Mr. Johrston informs us that on sub
mitting it to the action of a strong heat, by
means of a blow pipe, at least one-half of each
piece of ore proved to be lead of a good quali
ty. This will be a valuable discover}’ if the
ore is in larg<* deposits.
Ra'l Roads.—The editor of the Philadelphia
U S Gazette, makes the following contrast in
relation to the railroads ot Massachusetts and
those of h's own State: “Massachusetts is all
cut up with railroads, and that is not all -all ot
these rail roads will in a few years be cut up
with other railroads, so that the State will look
as if land was made for railroad routes, as
Brindley once told the Duke ot Bridgewater
that rivers were made to feed canals. The
state represented on a map would look like
the lion in Akop's fable, that is pictured as
caught in a great net. Now Ido not know
that any railroad in Pennsylvania will bring
its cost, and I know, to my cost, that some ot
them bring dividends, while every railroad
tn this State pays well, and the stock of all is
above par. While much is due to the charac
ter and customs of the people and their mode ot
managing all these things, to which 1 mean to
refer hereafter, it is impossible to overlook the
fact that Massachusetts possesses, in her com
pact population, her numerous seaports, and
her almost innumerable villages, the means of
sustaining her railroads, which is not enjoyed
in Pennsylvania. -
YTe A penny post isabout to be established in
New O leans, which city has heretofore been
without that accommodation.
Immigrants.— From the 2d of Apri’ to th'
30th of June evening, there have arrived at Nev
Yoik 31.443 immigrants, of whom 17,665arriv
edin June.
Patriotic Letceb. — fhflfollowing patriotic
sentiments we extract frotif s. letter of James
Holmes, Esq., of Houston douniy. "tn reply to a
Committee, who had beon appointed to notify
him of his nomination as the. Candidate of the
Whigs ol Houston lor a sell in the Represen
tative branchot the LegiMature:
“Altergiving the subject proper considera
tion and reflection, I hatifletertnined to ac
eept the nomination, and iny name go be
fore my fellow-citizens, as <Sie of their candi
dates to represent them_ iufllie Representative
blanch of the next with t‘c pro
mise if-elected, th -l 1 w’tll u|Bjny best eilurts to
promote tie interests and vCflare of the State.
“ Many elections willya|ft<t>elbre the next
Legislature, to fill high and important offices,
an-1 permit me here to say t fliSl' in filling these
offices, so far as depends;fliyiie, if elected—l
shall l-iok to the high mental qualifications of
those who aspire to them, jMSkox to any party
considerations or triumphs jitiai may !&■ promo
ted ot aceom, lisbed by s'ffch elec
tions, and 1 believe that suefeat jttturse should be
adopted by all. I lot one,JHtttto see the time
attive, when in tilling iiiSfilAJ.! responsible of
fices, the questions will -tail be asked, “Is the
candidate a Whig,or
'i ju-stiuus be as OIMV ‘in the days of
answer to these questions, let the result of his
election entirely depend.
It this course were always adopted, 1 doubt
not, the country would be infested With fewer
political demagogues—less party srife—have
mote peace, harmony and public virtue—ai d a
better, wiser, and a mure just and proper ad
ministration of our government and liws, and
the welfare and happiness of the peopl« grea ly
promoted thereby.
“ Bitter party strife has, it seems tome, en
gaged amt excited the public mind long enough,
and an hottest desire to promote the cotsutry’s
itfterest should take its place, and in the lan
guage of one oi Georgia’s favorite sons, I would
say—“ Let us cease our strifes, let our divi
sions I ave an end, and let out future motto be,
God and our country.”
“It will not be expected of me, I'y my friends,
that I should engage in the business ol election
eering. A long resilience in the county, and
other considerations, make it, I hope, unneces
sary—besides, it is incompatible with my no
tions nt rignt to do so. High political excite
ment is very apt to grow out of sueh a course
on the part of candidates, and from which no
public good can be expected to result, while the
public morals almost universally suffer from
'he pendency of warm political contests—in
flicting injuries upon society which every good
citizen should feel it his dutv to prevent as far
as it is in his power to do so.”
Siam Outdone.—Dr. Parsons, of Macon, in
forms the Telegraph “ that about a week since,
a Mrs. Chance, of Burke county, Georgia, was
safelv delivered of three children at a birth, all
of common size and perfectly formed. 'Two
were united from the axilla or armpit, to the upper
vart of the hip bone. The union, Dr. P. states,
is perfect. One child is living, the two which
are united survived their birth a short time on
ly, and are in preservation.
The provincial treasurer ot Nova Scotia
is said to have absconded with $30,000 of the
public money’.
There was a very imposing procession
in Baltimore, on Tuesday last, in honorofGen.
Jackson.
53" Snow fell in Boston on Monday last, June
30; h, and fires were lighted to keep people
warm.
Boston and Philadelphia.—Chandler, of
the Philadelphia U.S Gazelle, in a letlter to
his “Arm Chair,” dated at Boston, says:—
“ Manufactures ot all kinds increase here and
arouu.l, gre-itly . But I hax.e learped one thing,
'There is scarcely a manurJst’iure in this neigh
borhood, that is not silently and effectively
working its way to ourcity; and at the present
moment, ladies’shoes and bonnets, two g eat
articles of trade, are made in and near Philadel
phia, in quantities that amaze one, and quite
as good, and quite as cheap, as they are made
here. Cotton fabrics and calico printing fol
low, and before long our city will be as dis
tinguished for the amount and quantity of her
manufactures as is Boston. Philadelphia will
not start first, b"t she will not linger in the race.
She is now gathering strength of muscle. She
is awaiting the transition from gristle to bone,
and will present herselt full, perfect, and ready
lor the contest.”
Georgia Railroad.—The Decatur (DeKalb
Co.) Watchman says:—The enterprizing com
pany at the helm oi this work, are moving on
with great strides. Two months more and the
cars will he h*-"-.
Train oe .Magnetic l'ELKi»RArus.— ih cir
cular has been published by Henry O’Reilly,
one of the agents for Morse’s telegraph, in which
is developed the grand system of magnetic com
munication to be established throughout the
United States, connecting the Atlantic cities
with the valley of the Mississippi and the Great
Lakes. The line will be completed to the Sus
quehanna at Harrisburg ip December, and to
the Ohio river at Pittsburg and Wheeling in
early spring at farthest.
Forgery.—Mr Chas. A Biggins, formerly
a resident ot Macon, Geo., and fora few weeks
a broker in Wall street, was arrested 'his morn
ing, charged with having passed off his own
notes, with the name of Mr. Lambert Suyrlam
forged on them as endorser, to the amount of
about ten thousand dollars Mr. Higgins has
an interesting family, and has moved in the
mostlespectablecircles.— N- V.Jour Com.
The N. Y. Courier and Enquirer gives the
above in substance, and adds :
Mr. Higgins was formerly Mayor of the city
of Macon, Ga , and since Ins residence in this
eity has maintained a high character for probi
ty and lair dealing. He has been very weal hy,
and has failed once or twice; hut we believe
that in every case he has preserved his reputa
tion, and has never betore been charged with
anyihingin the least aegree dishonorable. We
understand that he asserts his innocence in the
matter of these forgeries, and his ability to pure
it; and it is but justice to arid, that his friends
and those who have knowp_lwr.i longest, credit
his statements. Time alone will develope the
truth.
Correspondence of theN. Y. Journal of Com.
Washington, June 30.
It was strongly rumored here, yesterday, and
is yet believed bv some, that the Oregon nego
tiation has been brought to a close, by : he offer,
on our part, of the foity ninth degree, and its
acceptance by the British Minisier. After in
quiry, however, I find that the rumor is proba
bly premature. Two members ot the Cabinet
have stated, this morning, that the fact had not
come to their knowledge, and thst, in their be
lief, the rumor is preposterous. But, though
nreinature, the rumor mav be eventually veri
fied. The British Government would, doubt
less, accept the offer now, though it was once
rejected. It is true that we are not bound to
repeatit, but it appears tr be the alternative to
a not very remote collision between the British
and American settlers in Oregon.
Removals from Office.--The Georgetown
Advocate has the following:
Decapitations.— The Executive guillotine yes
terday turned ofl’twenty-font new victims, in
a Iditior. to the three or lour executed the latter
pa it of last week. Os these four are citizens of
Georgetown. They are from the I reasuty,
Land Office, War and Navy Departments.
To-day being the first ot the new fiscal year,
we expect to hear of even more decapitations
yet.
Mysterious.—The brig Porto Rico, of Bel
fast, from Philadelphia for Boston, was toweu
into New York, undersuspicouscircumstances,
having been found lying to, the helm lashed
do wn to leeward. The captain’s compass and
ihe log book were on board. ‘1 he last entry in
the log book was dated “ June 3rd, 5 o’clock A
M; Fire Island bearing N. N. E. distant 7
miles.” The brig was perfectly tight, bad no
water in her and was very deeply laden with
coal. In the run the pilots found a small lamp,
as though purposely placed there with the inten
iton of firing the vessel. The remains of the
crew’s breakfast were found in the galley.
When the pilots boarded the Porto Rico th- y
<aw a tore-and alt rigged schooner standing for
her; but when the crew saw the pilots boarc
her they bore up and kept out of the way. The
dlot brought the brig in, and she was this
norning towed up to the city by the steamboai
Wave— Com Adv. Idinsl.
The amount of Treasury Notes outstanding
m the Ist instant, it is officially stated, was
$781,464.15.
The New Postage Law.
The act passed at the late session of Con
gress fbr reducing the postage on letters and
packages transmittted by the United Stales
mail, went into eflect on the Ist inst., so that
henceforth the rates of postage and the restric
tion of the privilege ot franking will be as in
dicated in lhesubjoined official publication.
Subscribers who receive their papers at post
offices in our immediate neighborhood, are re
minded that henceforth all newspapers forward
ed by mail to post offices within thirty miles of
tlte place ot publication are to be postage-free.
RATES OF POSTAGE.
„ , , Cents.
!• or a single letter, not exceeding half an
ounce, (avoirdupois,) sent not exceeding
300 miles 5
Sent over3oo miles 10
For every half ounce, and any excess over
every hall once,Hite same rates ot post
age; and when advertised, two cents on
each leu -r, or/our cents, if the advertis
ing cost so mueh, additional
For drop-letters (not to be mailed) each.. 2
1-or any printed circular, handbill or adver
lisemet. unsealed, sent any distance.... 2
and has no written communication, ot
one ounce or less, or lor a newspaper
exceeding 1 900 square inches of surface, 2 ; ' f
For each additional ounce, or an excess
greater than a halt ounce 1
For any other newspaper, sent over 30 and
not mote than 100 mi’es, or anv distance
within the same State 1
Sent over such distance
From. “ r rhe Union.”
THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE.
I'lie subject ol the franking privilege, under
the recent and former post office laws, maybe
regarded as a science. How far it is “ utterly
abrogated”, and how far it is only restricted,
may be learned in the tollowing compendium,
which has been prepared by the Postmaster of
this city for the instruction ul his clerks:
The Vice-President, members ot Congress,
and Delegates, have the same right ol franking
and receiving free letters, newspapers and pack
ets by mail, as under the former laws, with the
exceptions embraced in the following restrictive
provisions:
I. They cannot receive letters, newspapers, or
packets free fur more than thirty days be
fore their first session, nor more than thir
ty days alter the end ot their last session ;
and can only send free “ written letters
from themselves” during the full period
now authorized by law, to wit: from six
ty days before their first session to the
meeting of the next Congress.
11. The right of transmitting documents tree
(printed by order of Congress) ceases with
the end ot their service as members, &c.
on the 3d of March; after which they can
receive them onh by the frank of their se
cretary or clerk.
HI. The Secretary ol the Senate and Clerk ol
the House can only’ send anil receive tree
“any letter, newspaper or packet not ex
ceeding two ounces in weight” during each
session, anil for thirty days before and thir
ty days after each session; a..d may trank
“written letters tot themselves* during
their official service, besides printed docu
ments.
IV. The power given to the President of
the Senate or Vice-President and Speak
er of the House ot Representatives to
send and receive free packets exceeding
two ounces in weight is “ utterly abroga
ted,” (except printed documents,) but rite
postage charged for any excess above two
ounces on “ any mailers or things receiv
ed during any session,” &c., by any mem
ber, &e., “touching his official or legista
live duties,” shall be paid out ot the con
tingent fund of the House to which the
member receiving them belongs.
V. No executive officer, except the President
of the United States, has toe tranking pri-
rals have each the power to send free let
ters, packets, & ■., “ re\niing exclusively
to his official duties or to the business ol
the Post Office Department,” endorsing
thereon “ official business " and they are en
titled to have remitted all nostage charged
on matters received by them “touching
the business ol the Post Office Depart
ment or the particular branch of that busi
ness committed to them respectively.”
And deputy postmasters have the same
power, (t« totidem verbis,) hat without the
old restriction as to weight; endorsing on
each packet "Post Office business and
the tight ot remission on similar matters
received “ upon a verification on oath of
their accounts for the same, and the trans
mission of the charged letters as vouch
ers.”
VI. No adjutant general of a State or other
general officer of the militia retains any
franking privilege; but the governors may
send tree their laws, records, and docu
ments to other Siale Executives, as now
provided by law,
Ex-Presidents and their widows retain
the franking privilege.
VII. Editors may exchange their newspapers
free, as now provided ; and, moacovi r,
send them by mail free to their subscri
bers within thirty miles distance, compu
ted by the mail route. But all newspa
pers over the size of 1,900 square inches
spread out —i. e. two pages, including
margin—are subject lo pamphlet postage
by weight.
N. £>. The conveyance of any letters, packets or
packages of letters over any mail route,
Sc , out ol the mail, is prohibited under
sevete penalties by thi- law; but all
“ newspapers, paiqphlets, magazines and
periodicals,” “ bound books of any size,”
and “bank notes sent in bundles without
written letters,” are expressly excepted
from these penalties, and (so tar as this
law is affected) may be conveyed ortrans
porled out of the mail without let or hin
drance.
Mottey Matters in Pliilatlelp’iia.
Bicknell’s Philadelphia Reporter of Tuesday
savs: No change in the Philadelphia Money
Market. Good paper is readily negotiated at
6 per cent, tn Bank whi e the demand out of
doorsis very limited. Unite a sensation was
produced a few days since in our monetary
circles by the discovery that an individual who
was doing an extensive business between this
city and Charieston, and who had promissory
nolesout to the amount of $40,900, had “ex
ploded. ” His notes were in the hands of cer
tain commission houses, auctioneers and note
brokers, and it is feared that less than five per
cent, will he realized on them. H-iw the per
son alluded to contrived to pass them off on the
knowing ones is a mystery. We believe they
were pretty well distributed, so that no one in
dividual will lose a large sum. One or two
cases of swindling, of a somewhat similar
character, but for smaller amounts, have lately
been discovered, and some ot the parties are
now in Moyaniensing Prison. We trust they
may receive rigid justice.
£3»W e learn from th- Arkansas Intelligen
cer that Gov. Yell arrived in Van Buren, Ark.,
on the 17ihinst., Irotn his trip to Texas and
through the States. The Intelligencer savs he
brought cheering accounts ot the eagerness of
•he Texans for Annexation, and has not the
least doubt but the Texan Congress which con
vened on the 16 h inst. will accept of me reso
lationsof Annexation—may, the people in their
majesty say it shall be done.
Gov. Yell informs the editors of the Intelli
gencer that a cordon of forts will be thrown
from Fort Washita to the Rio Grande—Fort
'Vashita to remain, a fort to be established on
the head waters otihe Trinity or Colorado, and
one to be located oi the Rio 'Grande. San An
tonio will be the place of head quarters. Three
regiments will be ordered there so soon as the
Texas Congress shall have accepted the An
nexation resolutions.— Pic.
Steamboat Burned— The Louisville Jour
nal of the 20th ult., states that the steamer Lan
cet was burned on the night of the 17 h, while
Iyjn>r a little below French Island. The boat
isanentire loss. The fire caught from the stove
on deck, and the flames spread so rapidly that
the passengers had harelv time to escape with
their lives, without saving any of their clothing.
Exercise for the body, occupation lor the
mind—these are the grand constituents of health
and hap-'iness— the cardinal points upon which
every thing turns. Motion seems to be a great
preserving principle of nature, to which even
inanimate things are subject; for the winds,
waves, the ea thitself, are restless, and the wav
ingoftrees, shrubs and flowers is known to b>-
anessential part of their economy. And what
exercise is to the physical frame, occupation is
to the mind.— Raleigh R gis’er.
There is a jewel of a damsel at New Haven,
Connecticut, who has furnished under iht
signature of “ Vona” a few stanzas to the Cou
rier expressive ot the outgushing desire ol her
oles’seu innocent little heart. The following is
a sample. Hear the darling:
With the blearing* I have, my wants are but three,
Mostsunple and definite, nothing that’s wild ;
I ask no more than is needful to me.
A husband to love, with a cottage, and child.
TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 8.
Pay Your 'taxes.
We are requested by Robert A. Watkins,
Tax-Collector, to advise the citizens that he is
now ready to receive their Taxes ior the pre
sent year.
Money at Interest. —We learn from the
Tax-Collector that the amount of Money re
turned upon his book as being at interest in this
county, and subject to taxation, is $766,379.
Committed to Jail.—A Negro man be
longing to Snowden Griffin, Esq, of Colum
bia county, was yesterday committed to jail in
this city for sate keeping, fbr stabbing two per
sons, Messis. Perrin and Gibson, with a knife,
o&Sunday night last, in that county. They
were patrolling, we learn, found the boy with
out a pass, and he attempting to escape, they
pursued and caught film, when he stabbed them
both very severely.
Eakly Cotton.—The Fort Gaines Whig of
the 28th ult., says: “An open boll of Colton
The Custom House.—The N. Y. Evening
Post, in noticing the fact that Mr. Lawrence
took possession ofthe Custom House ou the Ist
instant says;
“ But the Custom House here has foi some
years pa t been an intolerable engine ot oppres
sion, a mischievous organ ot petty tyranny, a
corrupting source oi iniquity. And nevet has
it been more objectionable than under the pre
sent dynasty. Even upto the last moment ol
his official existence, the collector keeps up that
system of business to which he devoted all bis
time and thoughts. Removals are made with
out cause on the very last day of his official
career—a practice which is as novel as it is
flagitous.”
As this is a contest in which we feel no inte
rest, we are quite glad the democracy are made
to feel some of the beauties and benefits ot their
system of proscription.
Mexico and the U nited States.
The editor ofthe Washington Union says
that he had on Tuesday an interview with Gov
Shannon, late Minister to Mexico, the result
of which is thus staled:
He gave us a very minute account of the
state ol parties in Mexico—the cnaracter ot
Sama A.na, and of her present rulers —the tone
ofthe army, and its direction to the North—and
'he British influence, which appears to be in
the ascendant in her public councils. He is ot
opinion that the largest proportion ot her peo
ple are in favor of a f ederative system. The
authentic accounts «hich we have on paper
frem another quarter, and which we lay before
our readers, incline to the opinion that the spirit
of Mexico is less military than has been sup
posed; and that, at all events, she will take no
decided measure towards the United States,
until the electi n of a net President has been
made in August. Governor Shannon is in
lined to elieve that, unprepared as Mexico is
tor war—destitute, indeed, of almost all resour
ces for carrying it on, upon herown hook-and
willingas her present rulers may be to decline
hostilities,yet that theexeited spirit ot the army
and of her people may compel the governm- nt
'o declare war against the United States. Eng
land may preventit. But will she? Mexico
cannot do us much serious injury, without the
indirect and underhanded co-operation of Eng
land. But will she lend it? Will she consent
to plunge Mexico into a war the flames ot
which may extend to herself, and which must
place in our hands the territory ot California,
upon which she herselt casts so many “ longing,
lingering looks? ”
From Oregon.—The Montreal Courier has
asNAt uwiw. l . 'ei'*-. •»»» -.-. r
“ A large party, reported at about twelve
hundred emigrants, from Missouri and other
parts of the Union, are now, at this late season,
entering the country, amidst sufferings of every
description, and exposure to the worst possible
weather. Every thing is done on out part, by
supplying provisions, boats, and other facilities,
to relieve them, and without our assistance their
condition would be truly deplorable. From the
Willamette Falls to VValla Walla, there is a
continuous line of men, waggons and cattle, and
it will be some weeks yet before the more dis
tant of them arrive. ”
The Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser of the
4th inst. says: One of the severest droughts
which have ever been experienced now prevails
in this section of Alabama. On very many
plantations the corn crop is nearly destroyed
Rain even now cannot reslore it. Cotton in
many places is seriously injured—and unless
we have rain soon, a short crop may be expect
ed. As to gardens, especially in this vicinity,
most ol them are entirely burnt up.
Ft* The Union publishes, from an authentic
source, some items of i* formation received at
Washington by the Gulf Squadron at Pensaco
la from Vera Cruz;
The injury done to the castle of San Juan de
Ullo", at Vera Cruz, by the French, has been
repaired. New works, capable ol mounting up
wards of filly guns, have been constructed, to
strengthen that part of the fortress injured in the
attack. Although not finish' d, the armament
of 'he castle is daily progressing; audit is un
derstoo'l tnat cannon are not wanting to com
plete it. The American barques Anahuac and
Eugenia, belonging to New York, landed at
Vera Cruz in the month of May. with eighteen
32 pounders and carriages complete, as also a
large quantity of shot and shells. There also
came from New Y >rk, about the same time,
five gun boats, each mounting a 10ug24 pound
er on a pivot.
Gen. Herrera and Gomez Farias are the pro
minent candidates for the election to the presi
dency ol Mexico, which is to take place on the
Ist of August. No d cisive measures are like
ly to be adopted until after he election, with re
spect to the annexation ot Texas. The finan
cial condition ol the government is embarrassed
in the extreme.
From Mexico.— R volution in Tibasco.—By
the Mexican school er Atrevida, Capt. San
chez. arrived yesterday from Campeachy, we
learn that a revolution.broke out at Tabasco on
the 12th June, which resulted in the overthrow
of the constituted authorities and Central sys
tem.
But few particulars have reached us, but from
a letter received by a highly respectable com
mercial hou-e he e, we learn that the garrison
at Tabasco, headed by Gen. Martinez and Cols.
Montero and Bruno, declared in favor of the
Federal Government and for the authorities that
figured in 1834, with the exception of Santa
Ana, who put down said system at that time
They were successful in the movement, meet
ing with little or no opposiiion. The people re
mained quiet, but the commercial community
were diss stisfied with the movement, fearful ot
its consequences and of the losses they might
sustain.
The Atrevida sailed from Campeachy on the
24'h June. She brought no news ot importance
other than the above P’—q/’ 2d inst.
The “Union” Newspaper as a Newspaper
We s e in many ol the newspapers, says Ben
nett ot the N. Y. Herald, frequent attempts at de
preciation of the cbaratcer ot the Union, as an
orgau of the government. It is alleged that ii
lacks dignity—sagacitv—and discretion; and
many doubts are expressed relative toils vitali
ty, and the probability of its receiving the print
ing ot Congress. We differ very much from
these opinions. The Globe may have had
mme dignity and nrrte force in certain directions
lhan the Union; hut the Union is unquestiona
bly much more readable an 1 more amustng than
its close-mouthed aud blustering predecessor,
and no doubt will receive treble the public pa
tronage which such a vindictive, violent, fero
cious journal as the Globe received. As to the
printing of Congress, the Union has just as
good a chance as any other journal.
It will be thus seen, that we are decidedly in
favor of Ritchie, notwithstanding all his amu
sing twaddle, an* greenness ot knowledge rela
tive to the world about him. Although our
venerable and philosophic friend isabout seven
ty years ol age in the meridian ot Richmond,
Virginia, the “old Dominion,” yet, in these re
gions. he is not much over s-venteen. He has
all the youthful sprighlliness, versatility, ver
dancy. twaddle, natural wit, and natural silli
ness of a youth of one-and-twenty. We like
him much; and we like him the better the more
we taste him. And we very much approve ot
the demolition us the Globe, the removal ot all
its fierce and savage conductors, its extermina
tion from Hie face of the earth, and. the estab
lishment of a readable journal in its place.—
We also approve of the ejectment ot the old
Kitchen cabinet, and their dismissal to the re
gions of weeping and wailing, and gnashing of
teeth. If Mr. Polk wants a kitchen cabinet ol
nis own, has he not a right to plant one, and set
a hedge about it, nourishing and cherishing it
with tender solicitude?
LATEST FROM EAGL.UNi).
-4.
Arrival or THE
ACADIA.
Fifteen nays Later from Europe,
The steamship Acadia at rived at Boston, on
Wednesday evening, at hall past 10 o’clock;
making her passage in about 13days aud a half,
notwithstanding some detention, occasioned by
meeting with icebergs. We have Liverpool
ana London papers to the 19th ot June, the day
of sr iling.
The Acadia brings 83 passengers, 67 from
Liverpool, 16 from Halifax. Among them we
notice Bishop Kenrick of Philadelphia.
The Maynooth Bill was again discussed in
the House ot Lor is on the 3d and 4th ot June,
the measure being denounced on the one nand
“ not as a boon to Ireland, but a surrender to
Rome," and commended on the other as “ singu
larly wise, benevolent and Christian, carrying
out the great rule of doing to others as we would
ol a kindly spirit by the mass of IVe (Srapw;'
There were two discussions. On the first—
Lord Roden’s Amendment (lor a select com
mittee to inquire into the teaching and disci
pline at Maynooth; there appeared,Contentss9,
Non-contents 155; majority against the amend
ment 96. On the second—that the bill be read a
second time, Contents present 144. proxies 82;
For 226;—N<m-conients present 55, proxies 14;
Against 69:—Majority for the second reading,
lt>7 The Bill passed its third reading on the
16,h by a vote ot 181 to 80. Thus only want
ing the royal signature to become a law—
whten it has ere this undoubtedly received. The
present Government has struck a formidable
blow at popular prejudice in this Maynooth
measure, and lire recoil has been terrible; bui
still no advance has made made towards the
permanent pacification of the country tor whim
the sacrifice was made. There never will be
peace in Ireland—it is folly to expect it—while
the Anglican church in that country exists in
its present sumptuous ind'dence, in its enor
mous wealth—a living mockery and libel on
the misery ot the people. The rich--st church
existing amongst the poorest people in Christen
di iii -and that church not their own—must al
ways be an eye-sore, a cancer, a never ceasing
cause at irritation. The knite, sooner or later,
must beapplied to cut out this unsightly ex
crescence.
Ireland.
The Monster Repeal Banquet, al Cork, for
which preparations have been long in progress,
took place on Moaday the 9th, at the Imperial
Clarence Rooms. About 600 persons were at
the table, and more than 800 ladies were pre
sent as spectators. The Mayor of Cork pre
sided. According to the reports in the Cotk
journals, the banquet far eclipsed any similar
proceeding. Mr. O’Connell, emboldened oy
recent events, delivered a speech characterised
by a more than ordinary share of eloquent
vehemence, rejecting with scorn the concilia
tory advances ot the Minister as “mean and
paltry attempts to swamp the great ends of
agitation.” Mr. Hodges, the Government
reporterwas present throughout the proceed
ings, as well as those of Tara Navan, and
such oi the renewed monster meetings as
have been already held. Mr. O’Connell on
Tuesday proceeded down the river in one of
the steamers; on Wednesday he attended an
open meeting, and in the evening madea speech
at the People’s Hall,and on Thursday morning
he left Cork, and arrived at Merrion-squ.ire,
Dublin, on Friday evening. The honorable
gemleman proposed setting out immediately tor
L indon.
Fre-fl information had arrived in Dublin of
an affray between the military and the Leitrim
peasantry, in which the latter have suffered the
1 -ss ot six killed, and a great number wounded
A reinforcement of military have been sent for
ward by lyaefi apgrehensjoii exists
of the 9i li and 16th insts. were interesting. The
we-k’s rent on the former occasion was an
nounced to be jb37B, and that ot the latter£43o,-
I‘Gs. 6ii.
Correspondence of the European Times.
V rance.
Paris, June 16,1815. —Although the fortnight
that has elapsed since I have addressed you has
been a very busy one indeed tor both Chambers,
few questions have been dealt up on of interest
t > readers on the other side of the Atlantic.
Aiming these few ques ions the most prominent
is that of Texas. You are aware that the con
stant efforts of the Opposition in this country is
to cry down the foreign policy ol the Conserva
tive Cabinet of M. M Soult and Guizot, and to
represent it as truckling in all things, great
or small, to the imperious dictation ot the
English Government. In pursuance of this
role, M. Billbault. oneofthe most eminent mem
bers of the Opposition, charged the Govern
ment with having joined England in opposing
the annexation of Texas to the United Slates,
in return lor tfje concession England has made
to France ofthe nghtofsearchtreaty. M Gui
zot (who is quite restored to health, and who
re-appeared in Che Chamber on Tuesday) de
nied that any stipulation relative to Texas had
cen made with re gard to the abandonment ot
thattreity. He then observed, that it Texas
was desirous al annexing itself lo the United
States, the French Hovcrnuienl had nothing lo
say against it; but hi’ admitted that it would be
more agrecablelo tha t Government, and more
consistent with its inu nests, ifthcarmcxation did
not take place
The report that the American Government
iuienJsto reduce its ti'riffs, has afforded the
greatest satisfaction to the commerce of Paris.
A project set a-100l sot tie years ago, but un
accountably abandoned, ft >r the establishment ot
t numoeroi steamers to p.ly between the princi
pal ports of France, her transatlantic colonies
and New-York, has been revived, and will
shortly, it is expect'd. t ecox ne a law. The pro
posed scheme is on a someu 'hat gigantic scale,
for in addition lo the great lit tesol communiea
lion between France, her col onial possessions,
and the United Stales, brand i lines will be es
tablished tor serving different parts of the north
ern and southern continents a f America.
The law referred to in my la st, providing for
the gradual abolition of slavery in the French
colonies, has passed both Cha tubers, and an
other law tor introducing European laborers in
to the colonies is under consideration. The
new Customs law, modifying in some itnoor
lant particolars the duties on imported articles,
has been sanctioned by royal ordinance, and is
now the law ot tne land.
The new treaty between England arid France
has excited much interest. It is upon the
whole regarded with great favor; feut the Oppo
sition, though they claim t.he meric ui it, insist
that it Lnut so favorable to France uc it might
have been. The instructions to be given to the
commanders of the fleets which are to !be kept
upon the African coast, axe pretty nearly the
iame in letter as the instructions given to the
United States fleet on the same rialion; but the
newspapers fin I that they are very different in
spirit. But it is useless to go into the matter at
present as the law for carrying into effect the
•reaty will be discussed in the Chamber ot De
ptuies tn the 0001*86 of a few days. Yesterday
it was examined in the Bu r o.aux, and appeared
to afford universal salistactfon.
Few things attract more attention than the
electric telegraph. It has been introduced wi'h
great success on the Rouen R til road, and is
being laid down, or rather hung up. Ibr the wire
are elevated on p >sts, on other Railways. Ex
periments are being madeforthe puroos* of as
certaining if at be not possible <0 establish it in
the very midst ot the town, so that communica
tion may take place instantaneously between
the different public establisnraents.
Spain*
Madri/l, June 10— iVeare ?ts usual, tn a very
excite! state i» ihe capital; .rut I have little
news to communicate. The bimtal arrest ot the
editors of a newspaper, the Clat uor Publico, has
excited universal indignation.
Russia. .
In letters from St. Petersbut-gh it is statefl
the E nperor intended to advance near to, it not
to the actual scene of the war in Caucasus.—
The disasters that have befallen the Russian
armies in that country have been so terrible,
that even it victory should crowm their present
I fforts (which is doubtful) they will net have
'muchto boast of.
The population ot Russia con: lists of upwards
ot 53 000,0 '0 persons, of whom more than 43,-
090,000 are serfs. Oi the estat es of the Crown
tnereare about lb,oJOoooserfs- -the rest are the
properly ot the nobles.
The railway between St. P'eiersburgh and
Warsaw is advancing rapidly, and some por
tion of it can be brought into u ne in about three
months. It is a gigantic sche one, and has been
pushed, on with extraordinary rapidity.
it was fully believed in St. Petersburg!!, 'hat
Prince Albert would visit the Emperor in tne
coarse iof the summer.
The Emperor has given ord F's tuatno noule
man shall be permitted to live abroad unless he
spends, at least, three mom hs in every two
years in Russia. If he negl ectss this condition
his property will be confiscate xL ...
Preparations for the sum iv ’.rcainniign tn the
Caucasus, this year, are sai d to be immense;
159,000 men are to be employ ed. Two dkjtses
tor recruiting the army have been published.
V0L.1X.~N0.28.
Poland.
The object ol the visit ofthe Emperor Nich
olas to this city, says a private letter Horn War
saw. is believed to have been to arrange the
necessary measures loi the introduction of the
Russian code ot laws, an- of Russian judges,
in place ol Polish laws and Polish judges.
Th- poor people, already cruelly oppressed,
view the abolition of the laws under which they
have heretofore lived, with dismay ; but they
can do nothing but sub nif thereto. The Em
peror is also bent upon doing away with tne
Catholic religion, substituting that ofthe Greek
church: another measure must repugnant to the
people.
Germany.
Frankfort, June 14.—That this “old world"
of ours, as your transatlantic readers call Eu
rope, is over-stocked by human kind, is a tact
too notorious to be denied; tor, from Germany
alone, during the year 1844, not less tnan forty
five thousand persons era grated to the United
States, and this year the number is still greater
in proportion. Bui notwithstanding so exten
<ive a deportation, Vaterland is still sufficient
ly peopled—-too thickly peopled perhaps—to
afford a comfortable subsistence to all its chil
dren.
In every Stale ini Germany railways have
been formed; but of the great number of these
The Schism in the Church continues to ex
cite great attention; but like most schisms, a
schism has taken place in it, a large number
of those who joined it having separated from it,
and (if so prolane a form ot expression may be
pardoned) set up in business on their own ac
count. That this schism is a formidable thing
for the Catholic Church no one can doubt; but
reflecting men think that when the novelty ot
the thing shall have worn away il will not only
make no more converts, but lose very many of
those who are most devoted to it —We all know
ihe charm religious novelty possesses—a charm
so great that any impostor, however ignorant
or imprudent, has only to commence a sect to
gain converts; but as novelty soon degenerates
into familiarity, and familiarity into contempt,
the success gained is but ot short duration. In
Germany religious novelty has, perhaps, great
er charms than it has even elsewhere, because
politics being forbidden to the people, religion
is the only subject op which intellect can de
velop itself without dread ol prison; but the
Germans, with all their speculativeness, are
too much attached to the old beaten ways of
their fathers, to follow for any length ot time the
apostles ot a new tailh. Instead, however, of
letting the thing die away of itself, some go
vernments p- rsecute its professors, and in soqie
cases the ignorant peasantry have attacked them.
Switzerland.
It would appear that the intention of banish
ing Dr.Steiger, who took so prominent a part in
the late troubles, to America, has been aban
doned; lor it is certain that an application was
made to the Government of Austria to permit
him to be confinedin one ot its prisons, but
‘ haughty Austria ’ refused.
The passions ot the people are by no means
calmed down; on the contrary, they appear to
be increasing; and it is almost leared that other
troubles will be the result.
Belgium.
Brussels, June 15—This diminutive king
dom is at present in a great bustle on account of
tlie Elections.
The East.
The Overland Mail from Bombay is to the
12th of May. The chief intelligence of interest
is from Lahore. GhoolabSingh was there kept
a state prisoner.
The news from China comes down to the end
of March. The Emperor is said to have re
ceived some favorable notice ot Christianity,
and was disposed to tolerate it.
Syria.
The state of Syria and Palestine is deplorable.
A civil war (and one of extermination) reigns
in the Mountains between the Druses and the
Christians. Thelitirrors perpetrated are dread
lul. On every side the sounds ot battle are
heard, and nothing is seen but fire and flame—
Iron Trade.
The Iron trade, which a fortnight ago
was in a languid and declining state, has under
gone a complete change and is now full of life.
Scotch Pig Iron, which could find but few pur
chasers ten days ago, at 57s 6d. to 60s. per ton
in Glasgow, is now eagerly bought at 77s 6d,
an I 80s. is generally asked; io Liverpool the
price is 85s to 90s. An advance of ss. to 10s.
per ton has been made on forged pigs in St f
fordshire, and several ot the largest orks there
have been standing for the last 5 weeks, in con
sequence ol some dispute between the workmen
and the employers. Tne impression among the
Welch makers is, H at th* trade has got to the
turning point, and that prices will inporove.
Present quotations in Liverpool are, Common
bars j£B 10*; best Refined j 612; Hoops £lO 10s;
Sheets £l2 per ton.
COMMERCIAL.
Prom the Circular yf Mestre. George Holt, if- Co.
Liverpool Cotton MarKßT.—Report for the week
en'li.ig June 6 —Our Cotion market experienced a de
cided, out as it suhsequenlly turned nut, only a mo
mentary check, on the arrival of the B» .lon steamer,
on Saturday last Two or three day. of quietness ea
sued, and in some in.tancesat the most depressed mo.
ment. sales were effected al }d decline fiom the pre
vious currency But on Tuesday, the demand w«s re
newed by tlte trtde with much confidence, and we
close ihe week under a reduced quotation of not more
than fit If? lb ITol) American In" boon taken on spe
culation, and 1330 Americans, 130 Pernams, aud ZSOSa
rals for export 1000 Madras. 2000 Hural. 700 Carthan
na. and 300 Egyptain. are declared for auction on Fri
day next. The sales of the week amount to 29.000 balee.
Prom the Circular of tire Unital Broken.
The trade have taken a lair supply of Colton daring
'he past week, but the pacific character of the news
brought by the Hibernia, on Samrday las', together
with the heavy impending import, have induced hold
ers lo offer 'heir stocks freely, and the prices of Ameri
can descriptions, more especially of the common and
middling qualities, are fully Jd W lb lower lhan on
Friday last, Brazil, Egyptian and Surat iwe also rather
easiet of purchase.
Prom the Circular of Messers. George Hott, ts- Co.
Report for the week ending June 13.—Al Ihe beginmg
of rhe week we rather lout ground—the demand being
limited loa moderate supply for the trade, and the
mar ket generally dull. 2? nee Wednesday a change haa
come upon us ; 'lie sales being from B.lX>l to I'l.lKX) bags
daily and prices fully supported The decidedly good
stale of things in the manufacturing districts, and the
promise of its continuance, assisted by the present fine
weaiher. has had 10 do with this favorable turn in our
market . it is indeed, so far as we can learn, the only
cause ol the reaction. The Bo.ton steamer of the Ist
arrived this morning. From her accounts there seems
to he no news from the United Blates likely to affect
lh<-Colton market either way, except Ihe agitation of
the question of the Annexation of Texas may bays that
bearing HOdO American and I'o Egyptian have been
taken on speculation; 230 U American, 100 Pernam,
and Ml Sural, lor export. Bales of the week amount
lo 43,870 bales
Prom rhe Circular of the United Brok ers.
The market opened witha fair demand, which has in
creased during the week Prices close without change,
th« leceut imports being so freely offered
Report of the Colton Market, June 18 -The demand
lor Colton IS kept up with much steadine.s, and some
degree of animation. Both at the close of
and up to this moment il has been ihe case. Ihe re
sult is a -light hardening in prices ; it is, however, tn
so limited 1 degree as scarcely to justify a • c *'"
of quota'ions. The sales on Suurday were 8001) bags,
rm Monday SHOO, on Tuesday bOiM, and to-dsy lOJOilal
together 3t.000 hag* in the four days. To-day 31W
were taken on speculation.
Havas, June 15.
Cotim-Oar market, which had during the last
week relap-ed into a dull stale has, throughout the
nn« P “en characterised by a good degree of ac
livity. lhe unfavorable stile of the weather, h’’’"*
a long l“>>« of lime, acted as a considerable
on ihe consumption of light cl y’ lun restriet
for the interior had, thereTme. been " n
Kc-dltt • but th* flue weather having •oddeniy «•« iHj
vivod. and been uninterruptedly good ; the buyung has
been spirited, the sale* averaging daily ZOU I ’ balea, wim
a de< improvement in prices, which have advanced
fully fl ft n ordinary description*, and f 2 on middling
and superior grade*. Upon ’he whole, busine** hasaa
sumed a much more healthy aspect withiu thaea few
day*, although the accounts from Livarpdoi have not
been of a nature to impart any very active character <0
Ahe transaction* We have been rdt tn mnmmm ot
advices from the United 8 ate* of 21 at, via England,
which contained nothing of a new complexion The
following eales weie effected from the7th lo the loin
J 6,235 bales New Orleans..duly paid...fjl.— 75.
4,529 “ Mobile S’**
4.818 '* Upland lt “’77.
47 “ Cayenne “ ... — —
15,629 bales.
A Hard Hit—Thomas W. Dorr, in his
speech to the multitude assembled to congratu
late him on his liberation, is said by the Provi
dence Journal to have remarked that he noticed
there many honest faces and brawny arms,
which it gave him pleasure to see, but, he re
aretted to say, that he haa not seen them on a
certain occasion when he required their pre
sence much more lhan he did men.— Tribune.
Statistics of Penknives.— The N. Y. True
Sun, ia an article upon the statistics ol cutlery
iu genera' and penknives in particular, thus
speaks of the latter article:—" Penknives have
lust some of their importance since the introttac
tion ot metallic pens. Fonuerly every onec -
ried a penknile. No vit is rare to find them in
the pocket. They are chiefly retained by ’ ihu£
in.iurirtous persons who are always paring heir
fitter nails, picking their teeth, and whittling
shingles.”
Cheap D‘dgings.—A man named Durfee, in
Pmla’dripltia, has made a thousand do^ ll » r » »
early letting three cent lodgings in a P*“ ce
; called “ the Exchange." Each ronin was about
the size ot a horse stall.