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OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL I
s pnrttHHun daily, tri-wbeklv. and weekly I
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES-
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year fur S 5.
Ten subscribers, one year, for • • • *B2O 00
TVi- Weekly papery at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order forthe
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, Spires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 18, 1845.
Mexico m tus United States.—The of
ficial Government journal at Washington, al
lading to an article in a Philadelphia paper un
der the caption—“ Will Mexico declare war?”—
says—
“Pdhicians here differ about th? course
which Mex>c>» w I! pursue. Governor Shannon
and Captain Stockion in* line to the opinion that
her clamo ous and infatuated people will hurry
the government into hostile measures. Other
politicians here whl not believe that England
will permit Mexico to declare war. They sav
1 hand. A few/lavs must now decide the ques
tion. Unless England is blindly intent on a
war with the United States, and she may think
it the lime to strike at us, she will urge upon
her ally to keep the peace."
The “ United Simes Jcurnal,” says:
“ it is with feelincs which we have no words
to express—mingled sensations oi pity, con
tempt, and disgust—that we notice once more
the contemptible ‘twaddle’ about a war with
Mexico That persons who have the intellec
tual eapacitv o: an oyster, should venture to
presume so far upon the gullibility of this na
tion as to talk bout the remotest possibility of
such an event is, to us, surprisi' gto the last de- I
gree. And yet some of them claim lo possess 1
common sense; they even have the ambition to 1
be thought statesmen I” 1
’ i
Tub Mails. —The Postmaster General’s at- ' <
lemp's to «ave twenty four hours’ time in trans t
mining the mail from Boston to this city, are i
likely to fail from the selfishness or contumacy I
ot the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore
Railroad Company. As tar back as wo can i
recollect, this company hasstood in the way of •
every amelioration in the service ol the depart
ment.—Picayune.
The South Carolina Rail Road Company
may be placed in the same category. t
I
The State of New-York paid on the Ist inst. '
its inteiest and residue of Erie and Champlain j
debt, w hich required $782,620 for prin- I
cipal redeemed, and $275 916 for interest on ca- '
naldebt, and a balance of $204,140 of funds in J
hand were applicable to redemption ol the Che- i
nango Canal debt due in Janttarv next. '
State or tub Season.—The New York 1
Herald of Sunday morning says: According to 1
all accounts, vesterday was the hottest day of ,
the season. The mercury, in the shade, and in ;
the eaolest place in the city, run upto 94’, and 1
there stood tor a while, just to try the mettle of
the people.
In the sun the mercury rose to 130°. Those
who had to work under its rays somewhat felt
their influence.
P. S.—At half-past 3 the thermometer was at
99“ in the shade, five degrees higher than we
have ever known it in this city.
A fire occurred at Providence, R. I. on Wed
nesday evening, which consumed, before it was
subduct, « portion ot tho Washington Hotel,
the stables attached to the Hotel, an J the store
houseaof Mr. Seth Padeiiordand Messrs. Gros '
venor and Chase. A block ot buildings owned t
by Messrs A. &W. H. Mason, the store of
Mr. David B rtonand several others were in
jured by the fire.
In New Ycrk the current rate of interest in
the str- et is 5a 54 per< ent. A heavy loan uas
made on Thursday at 4 per cent.
Boston. —A correspondent of an exchange
writes that men doing business in B‘>s’on can
live twenty miles out, in seven different direc
tions, go home to dinner by railroad, and not be
absent more than two hours!
An Important Fact.—The Lexington Ob
server states that Jacob F. Todhunter, born
deaf and dumb, aged twenty-five years, has
been taught to articulate by his instructor, Ro
bert T. Anderson. rhe editor was incredulous,
when he heard this statement, but Jacob called
on him, bid hint “good morning," made him
self distinctly understood in conversation, and
lead a chapter in the Bible with ease and clear
ness. This is a remarkable case, and merits a
full statement ol it Irom Mr Anderson. It
must be indeed that iib is a remarkable man,
and his powers should not be unemployed, or
his services unrequited. If the dumb may be
brought to speak, why not the deaf be taught to
hear? The power of man in curing disease, in
removing affliction, is yet only beginning to be
exercised.
A Valuable DiscovEtiv in Africa-. —It is
stated in a letter recently published in the co
lumns cf the National Intelligencer, that a new
race ot people have been discovered near the
mission established by the American Board at
the Sab ion, who are described as being far su
perior to any upon the coast, and whose lan
guage is represented as one ol the most perfect
and harmonious in all the world; who have
among them a tradition that some two centuries
ago a stranger came to their country and instruc
ted them in civilization and theirduties; who
are acquainted with the tacts and truths of the
Holy Scriptures, and who aie remarkably pre
pared for the reception of forthe.' knowledge.
They are at present removing from the interior
towards the coast, and the missionaries cherish
the hope that through their agency civilization
and Christianity may be widely diffused.
Life in N. Orleans. — The Picayune of the
12th inst. gives the following account ot a scene
in that city:
Cmekiding Extra.— There was quite an ex
citement io Canal-street yesterday, growing o-u
At the circumstance of one married lady being
cowhided by another. ft seems the parties had
had some dispute, and that the one who inflic
ted the stripes had heard of something deroga
tory to her fame tiaving been said by the other.
The two were in Canal-street, when the aggriev
ed lady s'cpped into a store, boueht a cowhide,
walked to an opposite store where she found her
enemy, and forthwith fell to chastising her,
usir.g her weapon most vigotously. The gen
tleman in whose store the scene occurred step
ped between the parties to make peace, and, as
we are informed, received sundry lashes about
his shoulders lor his gallantry, before he suc
ceeded in separating them. The lady who was
attacked finally took refuge in the back part of
the store, and aftera short timethe other walked
coolly oft.
The Bee shows up :he same affair thus:
Flare-up in Ugh Life.— Yesterday as ternoon —
Canal street—two married ladies-Mrs
and Mrs -, husbands in* business in
and streeis-—cowhide is. riding-whip
blows interchanged—-gentlemen interfered—•
ladies sent home in separate carriages—cause
of difficulty, quarrel at recent Sturcr--wouldn’t
say a word about it for the world.
Privileges of Postmasters —We have just
seeu a letter from the office of the Postmaster
General, under date of July 12. says the N. Y.
Tribune, from which we make the following
extract:
“ When ; übscribers refuse to take Pamphlets
or Newspapers from the office. Postmasters are
now, as heretofore, inquired to notily Editors,
&c., an:! may frank letters containing such no
tice.'’ _
Violating the Law.—The Postmaster Gen
eral, it is said, has ordered Mr. Bale, proprietor
of one of the private Express Lines, to be pro-
Mcuted let violation of the Post Office Law.
I Congressional Abuses.
The Washington correspondent of the Charles
ton " Mercury," in his investigations ot matters
and things at the Capitol, furnishes the follow
ing instances of what seem to us gross abuses.
They present to us uew cases, although such
may have been the practices of the government.
We therefore give them without comment:
“ On page 68 of Document No. 54 of the 2<i
Session, 28th Congress, (ContingeniExpenscsoi
the House of Representatives,) is ihe following
item charged:
“ 1843. Dee. 1. Nathan Clifford, To 17 days
per diem as a member ot Congress, from the 3 I
day of March, 1843, lo the 20>h day ol the same
month,at $8 per day, while confined at Wash
ington by severe bodily indisposition, and una
ble to leave for home, 8136
“ Hon. Mr. Cliffords Zenn as a member ol
Congress expired on the 3d March. 1843, and he
ceased on that dav to be a Representative, yet
here we find him allowed $136 lor per diem, al
ter he had ceased to be a member ol Congress.
Upon u hat law. or resolution, or foundation,
this allowance is based, I am at a loss to con
ceive. 1 believe it to be au abuse—an abuse
which will grow and expand rapidly into lull
and deadly maturity, if it b ■ not speedily check
ed by the influence ol ;ui tic opinion. Is the
principle to be admitted, that it a memb-r ot
Congiess be unwell al lhe expiration of his term
of service, or even al lhe ai journ',iml if a 8 ssion,
that be can remain in V\ ashingion and cbaige
and recover his per diemso long as he remains
unwell? Why what a monstrous doctrine ii
is! Where would it end ? And wtiai woqld be
a. consequence? Just win over a few pages*
tnireandvee. On page 114 of the same docu
men , I findthe following entry :
“ 1844, April. J. J. Roane, For 30 days de
tention by sickness in Washington City alter
the adj mrnment ofCongress in July, 1832, at
$8 per day, $240
“ Now this is a legitimate consequence ot me
first abuse in gram in a ihe per diem. to Mr. Clifford.
And here is a man goinghack over a period ot 12
years to recover per diem o,i the same principle.
Is this principle, Isay, lo beadm tied, and lobe
hereafter in lull force? is this the way io have
a cheap, economical government ? Andi am
informed that during the past session ofCon
gress a claim has been made and recovered and
paid bv the Clerk of ihe House, out of ihe Con
tingent Fund, (ihe accounts ol « hi'h will not
be published until ihe nexi session ot Congress)
for per diem to Barker Burnell, a member of
Congress from Massachusetts, who died in this
city alter the expiration of his term of service on
the 3d March, 1843. Yes, per diem on just the
same circumstances as Mr. Clifford’s, except
that lie is still alive and Mr. Burnell is dead, and
his executors have claimed and received this
money. Are there any items of this kind in the
accounts Mr. Dickins seems so anxious lokeep
from lhe public eye?”
In a subsequent letter the same writer adds
“ There is still another case of a member, or
rather an ex-member of Congress being paid
per diem after lhe lerm ot his service bad expir
ed, on account ot being detained in Washing
ton by sickness, in addition to those I deiailid
in my previous letter. This case is that of
Baiker Burnell. Mr. Burnell was a member
ol the 27th Congress from Massachus*us, his
tern, expired on tire 3d March, 1843. He was
then sick in Washington, and remained her:
until he died, in the month ot June. During
the current year, the accountsol which will not
he published until after the meetingot the next
Congress, his executors have made a claim tor,
and have received per diem for him during the
whole time he was sick until the day he died,
notwithsianding he was not a memberofCon
giess, but his term had expired. This isreally
too bad. Why, according to the principle on
which these payments are made, a man who
has once served in Congress remains a member
during his whole life, and it he should happen
to be sick or taken sick while remaining in
Washington and linger for two or three years,
he must be a pensioner on the public bounty
during lhe whole of that time, because he has been
a member ot Congress. This is a monstrous
doctrine. How far is it to be allowed to extend
itself? Another point connected with Mr. Bur
nell’sper dim is the strange fact that he receiv
ed mifeage to Washington, when he.
actually oied here; and after having receiv
ed this mileage, notwithstanding he did not go
home, his executors got SBoow»6re lor per diem
until he died. There is al«o a striking fact in
connection with Mr. J. J Roane, whose' case 1
mentioned previously as having gone back
twelve years to obtain $240 for being detained by
sickness in Washington alter the adjournment
of Congress. He is an office holder in this
city, in Hie Patent office! W hen I read the ac
count of the payment of that sum to him, I
wondered Irom where he came and how he g<"
to hear so prqgi: ily ofthe precedent set in Mr
Cliflord’s case, as to make his claim for twelve
years back and Obtain the money so soon. It i
all explained bv lhe simple faci I have related.
I ask, however, how long is this public plundei
to continue? And how far is it to extend be
fore a stop is put to it? I understand that
there are other and similar claims being now
preferred, and doubtless dispatch will be used
in plucking ths public goose! Is there not one
authorized to put a stop to this practice?—to
these shameful abuses?”
Ex Goverkor Ray of Indiana—-The fol
lowing extract from a letter dated Indianapolis,
June29lh, gives a painful accour t of an indi
vidual who once occupied a large space in the
political world:
A melanchol” spectacle was witnessed in our
streetsone day last week. Ex Gov. Rav, fol
lowed by a crowd of bovs, was conducted
through them to the county jail. For some
years past it has been evident that hi- mind was
becoming impaired, (supposed to be from dis
appointed ambition,) till at length he became
so farderanged as to threaten the destruction ot
his wife, and fur her safety he was committed t
prison.
35* A fire broke out at Richmond on Friday
morning, which destroyed the warehouse ol
Messrs. Edmund & Davenport, tbe stone ma
son’s shop ot Mr. Alvery Lake, the carpenter’s
shop ot Mr. B. M. Morris, and several other
buildings.
Money Market, w ek ending July 12—The
lavorabl'* terms up m which loans oh satisfac
tory securities can be negotiated Would, under
ordinary circumstances, lead t • the expectation
ot an advance in prices and to various specula
tive movements in stocksand other descriptions
of properly, deigned to be realised «hensuch
advance actually occurred. This feeling has
lo a considerable extent existed torihe past three
or four months, but its active operation has
been checked by the apprehensions of difficul
ties in our fore'gn relations and the indisposi
tion evinced bv capitalists to invest in other
than the most substantial securities.
The abundance ol money has been so far fa
vorable that prices generally have been well
maintained, and the holders on speculation have
not been forced into the market as sellers. No
new class of purchasers, at least to any extent,
have however come forward ar the prices which
have ruled during that lime, and it may be ques
tioned uhetherthe advantages are sufficiently
obvious to induce such a course, even under the
present favorable state ot the tnone}’ market and
the prospect ol no tssential change tor lhe worse
for some lime to come, which seems to be quite
generally anticipated.
We arc certainly not of the number who
look tor a decline in the rate ot interest as low
as that which prevailed a year or two since,
and ot course other things being equal, we do
not anticipate a scale of prices, with money
at sto 6 per cent, higher than the rates current
upon a3or 4 percent, money mark't. Unless
this is expecied, there is little inducement lo buy
at present tor any olherpurposethan permanent
investment, or with any other object lo profit
than regular interest. The time which has
elapsed since money became quite abundant
has been sufficiently long to allowot all the
effect upon prices that might be expected, and
anv improvement which may occur would arise
either from actual changes in value or from
' tempotary speculative operations.— N. Y. Com.
i Adv.
During the month of June the exports of
Cotton goods from Boston were “2,575 packages
against 8,665 same time last year. The exports
were to the following places :
To China, 803 ha les and cases, Calcutta, 511
do; East Indies,36sdo; Smyrna,3odo; Buenos
Ayres, 80do; Palermo and Naples. 10 do; St.
Peters, 31 do; Porto Cabello, 6 do; Laguna, 5
do; Londonderry, 2 do; New Orleans, 152 do;
Mobile. 5 do; Philadelphia, 464d0; New York,
78 do—Total, 2,575.
The falling off has been in shipments to
coastwise ports. The exports to foreign putts
has increased 1,300 bales.
The Weather.—The Wetumpka (Ala.)
Whig of the 15lh instant says: For the last
three or four days, we have been favored with
copious showers, which has produced a wonder
ful change in the appearance of vegetation, to
the no small gratification of the corn-growing
mail. Our river has risen several inches and
continues to rise, and we have no fears for easy
navigation, from Mobile to our wharf, the ba
lance of the summer.
SATURDAY MORNING. JULY 19.
Dn. H. P. Smbad, of Talbot county, hat
been nominated as the Whig candidate for Be
nator from the district composed of the couti
liesof Talbot and Marion.
The Auti-American Feeling.
Hatred to the North, says the Columbus En
quirer, is a feeling cherished by many of the
Southern Democracy. The doctrines which
ihey inculcate, and lhe course which they
would prescribe for thegovernment ofthe South,
are as directly at war with the perpetuity ofthe
Union, as the wild fanaticism of the nios'
wicked Abolitionists. The two extiemes ol
these dissatisfied spirits, are carefully avoided by
ihe sober and discreet men, bo;h Notlh and
South. There isa just medium,an appropriate
ground, upon which every American interest
may rest. The North must not expect to con
trol, nor should the South attempt to dictate
The conciliatory and compromising examples
ofourrevolutionary fathers, should be held in
eternal remembrance.
Gen. McDuffie is not the only Southern de
mocrat, who lias given to lhe public, evidence
of their hatred to our brethien ofthe North Du
ring August las', it we mistake not, the folluw
"’as giyen Ike a.*’ '
dinner to the Hou. R B Rhell, at , S. C
“By Dr. W.B. Villard.—The peace and
safety ol the Southern Stales.—Southerners ma>
not look tor peace to 'irernselves, nor a safely tn
their piopcny, until they draw a line ot de
marcation, over whicn a YANKEE shall not
pass.”
This ungenerous and unkind sentiment, ii
would seem, met with no rebuke at that meet
ing; and it is but fair lo presume, it was most
cordially received. Mr. McDuffie’s letter is but
fuel to that unamiable feeling.
Suppose “Southerners’ 1 should “draw a line
of demarcation over which a Yankee should
not pass,” would not the dissolution of this fait
Union instantly succeed th; unhallowed act?
Is it possible, wc have enemies at the North,
Abolitionists, and enemies at the South, fanning
a burning hatred to the North, each engaged,
if not co-operating, in the unholy design ol
breaking up our glorious Union.
It is not attempted to disguise the fact, that
South Carolina and Georgia democrats are in
lull communion. Mr. McAllister’sdeclaration,
that lhe result ot the next Governor’s election in
this State, would place Georgia “ by the side ot
Republican Virginia, or lockherin the unnatu
ral embrace of Federal Massachusetts,” is but
another evidence ot hatred to the “Yankee
nation.” These men seem to love all foreigners,
but cannot for a moment tolerate their northern
brethren.
Such feelings are unknown to Whigs. They
would not take from a solitary foreigner a single
right that lie is entitled to in this country. But
they know no land nor people whom they love
as sincerely as they do their own brethren,
whether North or South. This is the univer
sal Whig feeling. It is lhe natural, and the
correct feeling of all sensible and reflecting
men.
O' We copy from the Decatur (DeKalb
Co.) “ Watchman" ot the 17lh instant the fol
lowing items of news:
“ The superstructure of the Georgia Rail
Road is generally finished to within five miles
of this place.”
More Hail.—A considerable quantity of hail
fell in ’he south eastern part of this conntv
last week. Corn, and cotton crops were very
serinnsly injured.
“We understand lhe disease known as “ lhe
black tongue,” has made its appearance in Cass
county.”
Bagging.—We understand, says the Louis
ville Journal, that it has been recently ascer
tained that better bagging can be made of tow
than hemp, if machinery is used, and that a verv
extensive establishment in this city is about
adopting the improvement. The bagging is
said to be much more compact, with the in
’erstices nearly closed, making a more perfect
covering for cotton than the common kind,
while thefirst cost will be much less. The
hemp will be used for making rope. It is to
he regretted, it this is a reM improvement, that
the hand loom manufacturers cannotavail them
selves of it •
Stocks.—A New York Correspondent says:
There has been a private inquiry for U. S. and
N. York State Stocks on English account, with
considerable sales at 114 for Government 6’«,
and 103for5’s; Pennsylvania s’s rose J per ct.
yesterday, and the whole list of stocks closes
with more firmness.
Hot Weather —The Baltimore American
of Tuesday says: Yesterday and Sunday
were two days of heat so excessive that thev
cannot fail to be remembered. At eight o’clock,
A. M. yesierdav the thermometer in our coont
ing-ro<>m stood at 87°; at halt past nine, A. M.
at 90’; at noon it rose to 93°; and at three, P.
M. it stood at 94°. The heat of Sunday was
about the same as yesterday.
At Philadelphia on Sunday afternoon the
thermometer, in lhe shade, indicated 100°. At
New-York, on the same afternoon, 96’.
The Weather.—The New York Courier
and Enquirer of Monday, says:—Yesterday
was hot almost beyond endurance, and if “the
oldest inhabitant” has ever seen more caloric
dispensed in the space of twenty-four hours,
we pity his sufferings while he was about it
Wc, at any rate, have never seen a hotter day
in this climate. The thermoneter at Lmch
& Clark’s stood at 97. at Rushton & Co’s, in
Broadway, at 98, and in various places in the
citv it rose to upwards of a hundred in the shade
The heat, indeed, has been intense for a suc
cession ol davs, with scarcely the a: pearance
of a cloud during the whole time to break the
direct rays ol the sun upon lhe mass of brick
and stone in which we live, and what is not
very comfortable in prospect, every appearance
while we are writing indicates as hot (or hotter)
atmosphere to-day.
The business of wool-growing is rapidly on
the increase in Michigan. The Ann Arbor
Argus of lhe 30th ultimo, states that tip to the
27tb, 75 366 lbs. had been shipped to the East
from that place. The amount shipped last
year, up to the 27th of November, was 63 942;
showing an increase already of 11.424. A con
siderable amount also remains in store at Ann
Arbor. The Argus expresses the opinion that
over 100,000 pounds will be shipped from that
place during the year, in addition to the large
quantity that will be required forthe extensive
factory erected during the last year.
The Weather.—For more than a week past,
. says the Marietta Helicon of the 11th inst.,
there has been scarcely a day but that we have
L been blessed with refreshing showers. For
i two or three days, last week, the thermometer,
at intervals, climbed up to the 92rZ round of the
' ladder, but becoming dizzy at its unaccustomed
’ height, fell a round or two and assumed its usu
al place ol 75 or 80°.
> —■ ——
> Cheap Travelling.—Travellers, says the
Louisville Journal, now come from New-York
to Wheeling in sixty hours, at a cost ot seven
' teen dollars, and from Wheeling to Louisville
1 (or six dollars.
>
The Burnt District.—lt isjustthree months.
> says a Pittsburgh paper, this day since tie great
fire. In two cellars on Third street fires are
I still burning. Another tact may be mentioned.
’ At least one third of the district is either re-built
or re-building-
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 24, 1845.
The Newark Daily Advertiser records lhe
leath of another Jersey Blue, in lhe person of
Joseph Jeffers, who fought at Trenton and
Princeton and was in the oattle of Monmouth.
He died at Pinckney, Lewis Co. N. Y., on the
28th nit., aged 84 He was first among the
first at Bunker Hill, was at Saratoga, al Fort
Sianwix, in ihe encampment rt Valley Forge,
i ml one of the first who scaled lhe walls of the
ort at Stoney Point, under Gen. Wayne, which
was carried at the point of the bayonet. He
tell the army in 1780.
The Drought and Heat.—The Richmond
Whig of the 15 h inst says:-The drought con
tinues in this quarter ol the State, and we pre
-ume through the greater part of it, with unre
taxed intensity, accompanied by excessive heat
There has been no ra in now fin* more than a
fortnight, when it was too slight to be of much
service. The air is scotching hotand parching
dty. Serious and well grounded alarms begin
to be entertained in various quarters of the
ci untry for the corn. The highland corn in
lassie, is firing at the bottom and rapidly ap
proaching an irrecoverable state. The gardens
are burnt up, and the pas ures almost dry stub
ble. In a short time if lhe drought continues, it
will be necessary lo fodder the cattle.
SN.tSf t t
lowing table, prepared from official documents
shows our exports of cotton lor the year ending
June 30,1844:
Englands37 791,825
Sco land 1,764 526
Ireland, 35 000
Gibraltar 7.555
British Amer. Colonies. 96 H 43 $39,695,749
Franceon the Atlantic. 9 331.310
do. on Mediterranean. 568,225
French Wrs't Indies... 504 9,900,039
Spain 358 9 18
tib.T 540,183 899,161
bale 140 721
Sardinia 75 828
Sicilv 12,188 228 737
I'rieste, &c 1,008.088
Turkey, Levant, &e 1337
Russia 241.454
S .veden and Norway 100 293
Denmark 1,653
Hanse I owns 43 ! 687
Holland 22’,520
Belgium 760 391
Mexico 552’750
Texas 11,200
Cisplatine Republic 1,412
T0ta1554,068 501
Tribute to Merit—The Boston Journal
says—We have often, during the late political
agitation in Rhode Island, admired and com
mended the noble, straightforward, firm and in
dependent course of the editor ot the Providence
Journal, who has ever been able and bold in
support of the existing laws and lhe principles
of a just government—and we are gra ified, but
not surprised, to learn that his conduct is appre
ciated by the high-minded citizens of that State,
who have presented him with a well deserved
testimonial ol their respect for having contribu
led so nobly, by meansofthe press, “in defence
of Truth, liberty and Law”—“for having at a
crisis of difficulty and danger, mainlafned the
rights and the honor ofthe people and govern
ment of Rhode Island." The correspondence
between the committee representing the citizens,
and the editor of the Journal, is highly honora
hie lo both parties—and the following is the de
scription ol the plate referred to in the corres
pond' nee.
A Service of Plate of pure silver, consisting
of an oblong waiter ol tweniv-two inches in
length, and sixieen inches in width, with a heavy
embossed border and handles, and a richly
wrouelit engraved shield in the ccb're, t't>tuaiii
ine the arms ofthe State, with the following in
scription :
T o
HENRY HOWEY ANTHONY,
EDITOR OF THU
PROVIDS.XCE JOURNAL,
Presented hy
CITIZENS OF RHODE ISLAND,
TO TESTIFY
Their estimation of the valuable services
rendered by that paper
to the cans- of
LAW AND ORDER,
During the Insurrection against the Government
o F
RHODE ISLAND,
A. D. 1842.
A pair ol Pitchers of eleven inches in height,
with richly embossed handles, and bearing the
same inscription; and six Goblets ol eight
inches in height. The toot of each of ihe Piich
ers and Goblets is encircled b> a rich Arabesque
border. Each of the smaller pieces bears an
inscription similar to that upon lhe principal
pieces.
Cou versa lion In a Grave Yard.
Chandler, ot the Philadelphia U. S. Gazelle,
in one ol his letters lo hrs “Arm Chair,” during
a recent visit to the New England S.ates, gives
ihe following conversation with the Sexton of
the town ol Portsmouth, N H.:
Standing in font ofthe ‘ Rockingham House,’
here in Portsmouth, looking round on the nun
■ treds effaces which 1 had never seen before,
and speculating on the oft-obtruding idea,
whether every man in the passing throng felt
his own identity, asl di.i, I was struck with lhe
approach of a funeral procession, and so, as no
■ ■no a'-ked me to a wedding, I joined other com
pany, and w-nt a mile or two to the burying
ground, most delight ully situated.
The sexton and his assistant took the coffin
from a poor hearse, and laid it in a “sepulchre
newn out ot a solid rock, ’ that end of the
grounds having only a s.igrit layer of carthover
an immense stratum ot granite. Not a being
. t the whole followers lett the carriage to go
near the grave. There were no “ ords uttered,
and no sign given by clergv or laity. Nothing
broke the sti'lness ot the ume and place, but the
liqid wail ol a little child, a git! She had been
silent amid lhe almost inaudible sobs ol the
older mourners, but when, Irom the window ol
the catriaae, she saw them bearit.g away her
mothrr, ami laying that form tn the earth, she
forgot the lesson o quiet under whiah she had
lett the house She remembered only the bosom
on whies she had nestled, and she “tilled up
her voice and wept.” There was griet besides,
deep seated, and silent griet, that will live while
the mourner lives.
I he service had been performed, that is, a
prayer had been offered, at the house; si the
train olcarriages passed onwards, and convey
ed some to their home now lett desolate, and
others to a hou-e which may lack that lesson
to make it better.
“Arc there no services at the grave here 1”
said we to the sexton.
“None, unless it be ‘the church;’ they have
a service at lhe grave, but we do not.”
“ Customs differ with clones,” said we, glad
to meet one person with whom we could con
verse."
“Yes,” said the sexton, “I have seen a gooi
deal ot that, for 1 used to follow the sea, and 1
found the funeral customs varied in every port,
and, even in the same port, among different
classes ”
“And which did you think the most appro
priate ?”
“ Why, 1 could not always tell. I found
though, that however much the clergyman
might say in favor ofthe deceased, the commu
nity in which he hid dwelt, soon brought his
lite and conduct to their standard, and measured
lheui with severe truth.”
“ But do you not think that some have been
buried in tearless silence, whose virtues have
been recognized after their death, and thus
spread a sort of lustre upon those kindred and
triends whom they left behind?”
“Aye, sometimes—certainly sometimes,"said
the sexton, and he struck bis shovel upright in
the fresh earth, andapproaching thechain which
was stretched around the little enclosure in
which he stood, he pointed to a prominent, but
not large slate headstone, in the burying ground
immediately adjoining.
“ There,” said he, “ is buried a man, who con
trived almost all ot his life to be bestowing ben
efits on others, but as he did no inm any verv
remarkable favor, gave him no great wealth,
he was never particularly noticed. Al’, as I
remember, said be was a good man, but there
eemed to be no one to mention any particular
instance of striking liberality. He had offend
ed a society once, by refusing to pay for a pulpit
or buv a bell for their chore! 1 , though it was
said he spent the very money thus reluseii, in
issisting a number of unfortunate persons.—
Well, sir, when be died, he was buried in silence
as this body has been, and 1 thought he was for
gotten when burred; but someot his recent acts
d benevolence were fresh iu the hearts of sev
•ral and they spokeout his praise, and thousands
felt the absence of his kindness, for it was like
My trierid, the sexton, was unable to illus
trate. He failed lor a mintltvj to find a com
parison At length, seizing my hand, and
pointing towards the vanes on the numerous
steeples of the town, he continued with anima
tion :
“It was like that. The su», that has gone
down from our sight, is yet in existence, and
those vanes that catch his last beams, are bear
ing testimony to his seuing ; while
all below feels the absence iff his light, and
stands in groaning gloom.”
"• I believe," said the titq,alizing sexton,
“ that if a man will steadily good to his fel
low men, it will be found, he has gonr
down to his grave, Ihr t his virtues will, like
that sun s light.be rrflecletf )>y some, and re
membered by all. And it hegocs that good in
a proper spirit, and from a flropcr motive, he
will, though going down front us, be allowed,
like that sun, to shine on anefjo be regarded by
others "
The sexton had done, what the
clergyman, hy the customs the place, had
omitted ; and so 1 left him, thxtt I might consider
ol his funeral discourse at ikgbipen grave, and
commune with thee, and suhjtohe mvself,
Thine, T>E EDITOR.
Cape Hattihn, St DoutkftP. —By the arri
val ot the set r. BaliiinorgctCapt. Treadway,
irom Cape Hai lien July Ijftadvices are re
ceived to that date.
“President Pierrot lias to make
the Cape the capitol of ihis'jaKiuf the Island, in
lace ot St. Mare’s or Prince. This
■nov ent’s bv u<> v
c'rt ileciitei’ tEe Wwwlw''
places. Pierrot has leen actively er gaged in
enlisting recruits tor his army, with a view of
placing it in a blah degree oftfficieney. There
are now a large number ol these recruits in
town, together with officers, who drill them al
most incessantly.
On ornboqtihe middle of June the Spaniards
succeeded in capturing one of the Haytien
oslson th frontier, and it is said brutally mut
tered and cut to pieces six or eight young men
ol the guard who fell into their hands, and ; ush
ingon took the ’own of Hinchc, a place about
twenty miles on the Haytien side ot the line,
with the exception ofthe front, in which was one
ot the Haytien generals with a small numtier ot
soldiers, who held out until tbe27‘h ol June,
when the town was retaken again bv the Hay-
Miens, under General Guardier, and a number
ol Spaniards taken prisoners, two of whom
were sent into the Cape and shot on Sunday,
he 29tli ult ,in the public square, in the pre
sence of all the military in the place and a
great number of citizens.
These men bv some are said to have been
spies, and bv others deseiters; but the truth is
hard to be gotat, as there are plenty of rumors
every hour of the day concerning these troubles
Another report which is generally credited is,
that the Spaniards carry many ol the prisoners
that they have taken to the city of St. Domingo,
and that thev are there exposed lo horrid cruel
ties in the public square, under a broiling sun
Business, in consequence, is most en irely
suspended as the countrymen do not Come in
with their produce, for fear of being taken for
soldiersand put into the army, as has been the
ease with thousands.
Logwood and Coffee scarce and high—lhe
latter article commands 14f cents readily—there
having been scarcely st>o bags brought into
market fi rthe entire month ot June, under this
seasonaole state of things lor which there ap
peals to be no remedy. Everything, ol course,
wears a dull and disheartening aspect.
No Imitation.—A Frenchman went into an
eating house to warm his hands. The proprie
tor asked him what he would like to have.
“Anything you please,” was the reply.
“ Would youliketo take roast goose ?”
“ It you please.”
The Frenchman made a good dinner, and
was about to g", when the eating-house keeper
asked for payment.
“ What lor?” exclaimed the Frenchman, “ I
hate called for nothing. You ask me if 1 will
take this, and if I will take that, and I say, if
you please.
The landlord, pleased with his address, let
him off. He told a friend of his good fortune,
who tried to “Gomethe same game,” but with
very different success, lor he was kicked out ol
doors '
“The first man was au original,” said the
landlord, “+at yorr irre-aw*rri*"*-*«-“ -
A Pin Making Macuinc. —A new Pin Ma
king Machine has been co.drived at Brattle
boro,’ Vi., wt ich works like an intelligent til
ing, and is thus described by a traveler:—“lt
cut off the wire, then rounded the head, then
took the pin in its fingers and sharpened the
point on several grindstones, and finally threw
it finished into the receptacle beneath. And all
this was apparently without the intervention of
any human agency. I believe all the tending
requisite was to supply wire. Alter being
whitened, the pins were poured into another
machine, ard there thev stuck themselves into
paper with won 'ertul regularity.
"B stage Chargeable to the Government
under the Jew Post office Law.
Up to the Ist in tant, there was no method ot
estimating the precise value (at lhe legal rates)
i>f the mail service required for lhe business cd
the different departments of the general govern
ment. A postage account is now kept, however,
between tbe city post office and lhe difteren
bureaus and departments of government located
here, which already begins to show the mail
service performed to be enormous We have
obtained the t/'ilowing statement Irom the city
post office, through the courtesy ol the chiet
cleik of the department ( ir. Marron.) which,
though no general criterion, is yet sufficient to
give ihe public an i ea of tneamount ol m il
service requited for ihe business ut the General
Post Office Department.
Ao exhibit of the postage ch, rged since the IzZ in
stant, rtZ the post office in this city, upon the
quarterly renirnsrender&l by postmasters to the
Burt master General:
Dale. Weight. Amount
1845. July 2, 89 lbs 12} oz. 5143 65
“ “’ 3, 678 “ O' “ 1371 20
“ “ 4 86 ) “ 1 “ 1835 80
“ “5’ 1470 “ 8 “ 3 939 20
“ “ 6, 999 “ 8 “ 2 790 40
“ “ 7 986 “ 8 “ 3 000 00
« « 8 412 <■ 0 “ 1.051 20
“ “ 9, 549 “ 8 “ 1 592 80
Pouftds,6u4B 13} oz. 315,724 25
This largesum charged to lhedepartment du
ring the first nine days of this month, is exclu
sive ofthe voluminous correspondence ot the
Postmaster General, thethr e Assistant Post
master Generals, and the Auditor. According
ly to the new law, the department falls upon the
treasury ofthe Unitea States tor lhe means ot
payment, in case its revenue tails short.— Union.
Great Firk at Matanzas. —The New York
Express contains the particulars ot a dreadful
fire which occurred at Matarzas, Cuba, on th
26th ult. They arc as follows:
The fire burst out in the richest part ofthe
citv, and destsoyed two entire squares and a
third part of two more. Sixty houses were con
sumed anJ the loss exceeds SBOO,OOO. Many
persons were injured, and it is rumored thatse
veral lives were lost. The progress of lhe
flames was finally arrested by battering down
the In uses exposed with cannon. The firebells
rang tor six hours.
The following isa list ot the principal houses
at d establishments ihat have been burnt down:
The house of Don Bartolome de la Mater, —
of Don Vincente del Junco. (with 700 boxes
of sugar,) and the adj fining provision store of
Srs. Muiz-rat & Atzira, whose loss isestitnated
at $30,000.
The house and store of D. Jacinto Azanza.
H >use and store called Pasatiempo, of Senor
Deville.
The storehouse or depot of Messrs. Mallory
&Co.
The Matina Coffee House.
The Provision store of Messrs. Markles&Co.
The Provision store of Rivas & Baro, with
most of the goods, including many boxes pt su
gar, bags ot coffee and pipes of wine.
The store of Messrs. Mallory & Co.
The store of Carlos Riberai
The steamboat store house of D Antonio
Mazanet, and several shops, the houses ot D.
J time Torrens and D Juan de Sarria, the Fon
da El Cierrode Oro, the houses of D >nna Cata
lina Guiteras, iu which was tne American Ho
tel, a beer shop, a depot ol provisions and fruits,
and corner shop fronting otr the Hotel de Co
mere io.
Other bouses and establishments have also
lost something, among them that of William
Jenks and of Simon de Jimeno; the hotel of
Mr. Babin, the house of Louis Lavalette and ot
Sr. Guanaud.
The Havana Diario estimates the loss al
$2000.000.
From the La Plata.—We learn irom o ;-
currespou'lent at Rio Janeiro, says the Philadel
phia U. S. Gazette, that information has been
received al that place, from Buenos Ayres, to
the effect that both the English and French mi
nisters had notified Rosas that he must with
draw his troops from before Montevideo, ’. : :
that the war must cease. His answer was un
known. The general opinion was that in ease
ot his refusal force would be used.
Cotton Manufactures in the Old Atlantic
Southern states.
Their befboto on the present state or agri
CULTURE, EDUCATION, AND THE BODY POLITIC
Their influence on our foreign commerce
AND THE PHOTBCTIVE SYSTEM OFTHE U. STATES
HOW THEY ARB TO BE INTRODUCED, THE CAPI
TAL WHICH WILL BB NECBSSABV, AND WHAT
CLASS OF MEN ABB TO PBIIFOBM THE WORK.
NO. 1.
The subject of the embarrassed condition of
ihat portion of the old Atlantic Stales engaged
in the growth of cotton is one ot anxious in
quirv with all classes ot our community. It is
a matter of the deepest concern to us in even
poin’ol view, and there is no question, at the
present lime, so full ot interest to our whole
com nunitv—none pregnant witn such impor
tant consequences to every portion ot society,
as the changes in our industrial pursuits neces
sary to renovate our fortunes. The extraordi
nary progress ol the growth of co ton has, it is
well known, gone tar ahead of consumption
and this with other causes has reduced lhe value
of ourgreat staple to so low a point as to render
it n<> linger a ci mmodily to be relied on as a
means ol dependence in liie old Atlantic States,
particularly in sections where the land has been
exhausted. Many attribute the whole cause to
overproduction—others mainly to the proiective
system; and these are of course topics of absorb
tng and interesting inquiry, and with some,
sources of a great deal of bitterness of party
teeling. It is enough for those who do not
hqsy themselves with politics, to know lhe fact,
that prices have gone down and are liKely to re
main so. To such, wc think there isa subject
1 ‘V" rc
VV I’le it possible to in'ivi n.c
monstrate it to the conviction ot every mind, that
the evil has been produced by either the one or
the other; or were it possible to arrive at the
truth, to the fraction of a cent, how much ot the
• lenression is justly chargeable to the protective
system, the question would still remain open as
to the means lo be used to obtain petmanent re
lief.
It caused entirely by overproduction, any
temporising measures on our part, such as ei
torts to form combinations f< r lhe purpose of
planting less cotton, will end in failure to pro
duce the desired results. It the cati-e of de
pression be traced to the protective system,
either wholly or in part, then prudence and
sound policy dictates to us the propriety ol ac
companying our endeavors to overthrow the
protective system, with efforts to produce such
changes in our industrial pursuits as to render
us not only independent of those who have
fastened this evil upon us, but of the whole
world, for we will not find lasting relief in fall
ing into the embraces of old England. She has
not been particularly fa med for lib-rainy towards
her dependents, but r. ther for wielding an iron
see; ire in t king care of lhe interest of her own
subjects. Indeed, independence at home is the
only source Irom which we may expect perma
nent relief VX e may by combination ot parti s,
and united efforts on the part of our southern
statesmen procure a majority in Congress suffi
ciently large to repeal, or very much modify
the present tariff, and we may be induced to
entertain hopes that the nrotective system will
be wholly abandoned. But such hopes we think
will prove fallacii us. for the changes which
•nay be brought about by combinations among
the politicians ol the country, although greatly
aided bv lhe honest convictions produced by the
eloquence of our statesmen, will lack that
guarantee which independence at home will
alone give. The very next Congress which
sits alter the repeal ofthe tariff, may restore it in
a more aggravated form than that in which it
now exists It then stands us in hand, while
our statesmen are battlina the cause of tree
trade in the halls of Congress, to be on the alert
at home. Let us see lo it, that we do not con
tinue a policy which holds out the strongest in
ducements to our opponents to adhere to their
restrictive policy. Let us try to encourage the
investment ot capital in all species of husbandry
and manufacturing, which may promise us a
supply of the prime nec -ssaries oflife. Let our
planters raise less cotton and attend more to the
rearing of stock and supplying themselves with
read—we may in this way teach old Kentucky
that we can do without her ho.ses, hemp rope,
and bagging cloth ; Ohio and Indiana that we
can supply ourselves ivith mules, b”ef cattle,
hogs, &c.; IheJState of Pennsylvania that we
can make our own Iron; New-York Connecti
cut and Maine, that we can raise our own hay,
make our own butter and cheese; and Massa
enustsrs that we can;when hard pre-wi, supply
ourselves from our own granite’ quarries with
stone for the erection ol our buildings and the
paving of our streets; and New-England in
general, that the oppressions which she has
heaped upon us, may by possibility drive us to
investigations which may lead us to the con
clusion, that it isour interest lo employ our own
poor people, instead of theirs, to convert out
native raw material into cloths for all the com
mon domestic purposes of life.
And this will truly be backing our staiesinen
with demonstrations which will be readily un
derstood by the constituents of their opponents
If over production be the cause of depressed
prices, and we think it has been clearly shown
bv Governor Hammond, in his Agri nltural ad
dress at Columbia, in November, 1841, to be a
leading cause, ana one which is likely to act
injuriously for all lime to come; the.« the best
mode of relief will be found in diverting a por
tion ofour labour toother pursuits, diversifying
it in such a manner as to avoid lhe embarrass
ments to which all countries are liable thai
place their reliance on one or two great staples.
And this leads us to the consideration ofthe
best modes ofdiversifying and bringing into ein
ployinent all the labour of <-ur country, the
judicious management of which is the only sure
source of wealth. We think that the introdur
tion of inanu'actures will be found to be the
best means of effecting the object: ana judging
from the effects it has produced iu other coun
tries, we are led to hope that it will not fail to
produce similar results with us. Unless the
u hole populstion of a country can find employ
ment, it cannot reasonably beexpected to thrive,
and when we come to consider the fact that
there is scarcely a branch of manutaclures which
would not be found to be adaptable lo the lab mr
of the p or white people now unemployed in
our Slate, the projier direction of which could
not fail to lead to wealt , it is a matter of sm
prise that we have not long since seriously con
siderec the proprietyol m iking strenuous efforts
for their in'roduction. Labour is capital, but
we seem not to be aware ot it. Those who have
heretofore directed the destinies of the State
seem to have overlooked altog ther the necessi
ty ot giving a proper direction lo lhe labour ol
our poor white population, and to have passed
entirely unnoticed the loss, in the scale ot na
tional weal’h, which attends the idleness ot the
thousands within the borders ot South Carol na
not employed even in raising sufficient bread
for themselves. The appropriation annually
made by our legislature tor our school fund,
every one must be aware, so tar as the country
is concerned has been little better than a waste
ot m >nev, and all efforts to adopt a more suc
cessful system have failed, and while we are
aware 'fiat the Northern and Eastern States find
no difficulty in educating their poor, we are
nearly ready to despair oi success in lhe mat
ter, for even penal laws against the neglect of
education would tail to bring manvofourcoun
try peop e to send their children to school, not
withstanding it could be done without a cent ol
exuense. It has always been a subject of anx
ious inquiry with many persons, how the con
dition of this class of persons could be amelio
rated. Many have exhausted their wits in de
vising schem-s for the better regulating our
s-hool fund, but none have yet been able to
fathom the mystery which has hitherto attended
our faiV’re.
We have long been under the impression, and
every day’s experience has strengthened our
convictions, that the evil exists in lhe wholly
neglected condition of this class ot persons.
Any man who is an observer of things, could
hardly pass through our country without being
struck with the tact, that all the capital, enter
prise and intelligence is employed in directing
slave labor, and the consequence is, that a large
portion of our poor white people are wholly
neglected, and are suffered lo while away an
existence in a State, but one step in advance oi
the Indian of the forest. It is an evil of vast
magnitude, and nothing but a great change in
public sentiment will effect its cure. 1 hese
people must be brought into daily contact with
the rich and intelligent—they must be stimula
ted to mental action, and taught to appreciate
education and the comlorHof civilized life; and
this wc believe may be effected only by the in
troduction of manufactures, lor there seems to
be no other employment so well calculated to
induce them to habits of industry. It is be
lieved that there is not a population in any
country thatcould be more readily brought into
such employments, and when the wheels are
once set in motion, there can be but little doubt
that we will see talents springing up from
amongst these people, that our Suite will be
justly proud of, and ibeir efforts, it weil direct
ed, will soon lift tbe curtain and unfold to the
world our boundless sources of wealth, which
will bring us floods of Artisan, Mechanical and
Agricultural emigrant- from all parts ot the
//lobe, to mingle with and assist us in renovating
our fortunes Otte ot the natural results of this
change will bea home ma'ket lor such agri
cultural products as our planters may be in
duced to raise instead ol cotton. Another would
be lucrative employment to lhe scores of young
m-n now around us, who would willingly worn
it employment befitting ther education aud
early habits of life could be procured. But
reallv •when we come to look around us for em
ployment tor a well educated young man, who
X/h
•<b Uvl DcVU ItuICU lu a Ui. uuuu«C<ii l* UwC, •»
find that we meet with great embarrassments
It he is not very expert as a book keeper, or as
i salesman in a store, there will be great diffi
culty in procuring a situation where a mere
iving may be earned ; lake away that alterna
ive, and what resource is left but tnat of taking
a station by the side ot a negro in a co, n or
■ otton field. And it is but little better with the
> oung mechanic, it he has ihe ambition which
every young man ought to pqssess, be will
expect to establish himself in his profession;
and to do so h» has to contend against the gene
ral lack of building spirits which pervades our
town and country. I have had occasion recent
ly to hear many lieart renoing stories from
he young men ol this city, tor since the spirit
>1 manufacturing has sprung up among us,
many desponding young men have been eh’-er
ed up with the kind hope that they will not he
forced to exile themselves from their native
State, and leave behind relatives, trieuds and
-very thing that is dear. Many an earnest in
quiry has been made of me asto lhe probability
'I the introduction ot manufactures and conse
quent resuscitation ot business in our Slate;
ind would to God I could give a-surances that
meh was to be the case, lor I reel well con
vinced, that if some radical change does not take
place, ourci'y will continue lo do what she has
been doing tor many years past, furnish 2500
ip 3000 emigrants to people other States and
cities.
It the protective system be the cause of the
depressed price of our great staple, cotton, aud
it uann< tbe denied that this and over production
are both censes acting against us, the surest
means of effecting a repeal will be found in ren
dering ourselves independent ot, aud no longer
. .-r;.
tliefn to fasten thC system upon nJ.
NO. 11.
Wc will open the subject again by a quota
tion Irom the address of Governor Hammond,
before alluded to.
“ But it is vain to lament what Providence
seems to have decreed, as it would be lo ex
pect to avert it, by closing our eyes upon the
fact and indulging in the short and foolish hap
piness ot wilful blindness. We have no alter
native but to prepare to meet the difficulties
which await us. If my fears may indeed have
magnified the danger, we can lose nothing, at
all events, by a serious consideration of lhe
tacts I have presente , and an immediate and
earnest inquiry into the resources we possess,
and of which we can avail ourselves in case ot
need.”
Again—
“ Next to a short staple cotton, and perhaps
haru ware, and not lar behind ei'ber, leather is
the most important article of traffic. The con
sumption ofthe various branches ot its manu
facture in South Carolina cannot tall short ot
two and a half millions of dollars, and it is
probable that four-fifths of this sum goes abroad
forthe purchase of it. We can now lurnish
almost an adequate supply - f the raw hides tor
this consumption, and in a few years will lur
nish vastly more. The chief materials tor tan
ning are every where at hand, and the process
is one ofthe most simple in the whole range ol
uselul arts. Nor is that ot manufacturing a
large portion ofthearticles into which it is made
tor our use, much more difficult. But the lea
ther once prepared in sufficient quantities, we
should soon find abundance of lhe best me
chanics on the spot and thus save lo ourselves
the whole sum. But it is not only by the
aino int of money which would be saved to us
by making and manufacturing our own leather,
or by cotton lactories or iron works, nor even
by foreign commerce, they might ultimately
give us that we should be benefiited. Although
it is a false principle in legislation that manu
tacturing should be forced upon a country by
protecting duties injurious to other interests,
there cannot be a doubt that where it grows up
spontane uslv, it is a great blessing, it makes
an immense difference in the prosperity ot any
people, and especially of an agricultural people,
whether their work shops are at home or in
other countries. Not only are they treed Irom
heavy taxation in the shape of commissions,
freiglits and tariffs, but the mechanic classes
are valuable consumers of agricultural produce,
t hey consume, too, the productions of one
another. They add vastly to the nerve and
sinew ot the body politic. And when united in
.he same community with a classol industrious
and eulighted agriculturists, they continually
enrich aud strei gthen one another. It is this
union which has made Great Britain what she
>s, and will, 1 trust, al no distant future, shed its
r nappy influences over our Southern country.”
“ But we might convert our surplus corn and
grain into live stock as well as any people in the
world, and thus keep at home immense sums
which are annually drawn Irom us in exchange
fir horses, mules, cattle, hogs, sheep, and even
poultry. Ourclio ate lias not oeen found too
warm tor any species ol domestic animal. En
ish cattle and sheep, as well ashnglish horses,
flourish even on our sea-board; aud our mild
winters enables us to keep all kinds of stock at
comparatively little expense for either food or
shelter. Our swamps are covered with natural
and nutritious ever greens; nio-t artificial gras
ses have been found lo succeed; while among
our own diversified productions, we have sub
stitutes wnich render them scarcely necessary.
Canots, beets and turnips, all do well. Pin
dars and sweet potatoes, more valuable perhaps
for slock than these, are peculiarly our pro
ducts. With these two articles, the luxuriant
cow-pea, and t e common grains, we can, for
9 months iu the year, furnish, at a cheap rale,
the richest and m >st abundant pasturage; and
wbat country cando more? Indeed, iu raising
hogs, could wc find a foreign market, or had we
large cities or numerous lactories among us to
aft’>rd non-producing consumers, we could do a
business mt at all less profitable than growing
cotton at 12j cents a pound. With tolerable
.lasturage a nog weighing 200 lbs., nett, may be
reared and fattened on 8 bushels ot corm On
average land, 300 bushels lo each hand and
horse would not be more than a fair crop—loo
bushels will feed the handand horse, leaving 2uo
mishels surplus. With this,2s hogs weighing
5000 lbs, net, may be raised. At 4 cents per
ib. for this pork, or 6 cents when converted into
“aeon, the gross income pei hand will be S2OO.
While 1200 lbs. ot cotton al 12} cis., will tiring
■ inly $l5O gross; thus enabling us to make a
very liberal allowance lor lhe trouble of attend
ing to the stock, and any errors there may be in
ihe calculation. That we should, under these
circumstances, ever purchase meat from other
States, proves, I think, that there has been some
want both of reflection and experiment. Yet,
lor this article, and other kinds oi provisions,
and for mules and horses, it is pretty certain
that we send away annually in the aggregate
the immense sum OIS2 000 000, or m*>re. ”
The present situation of the Carolinas and
Georgia is not unlike the stale of things which
existed in a large portion of Pennsylvania, New
York and lhe New England Stales thirty years
ago, with this ditf reuce, that we are tar better
■if in point of climate and soil. About the
commencement of the last war those States were
suffering under a depleting emigration of popu
lation, caused principally by the embarrassment
ot an exhausted soil. They were indeed re
garded by many to be worn out countries, not
worth the labor necessary to resuscitate them.
That class of men (which is always a large
one) who preferred sticking to the destinies of
the land ot their birth, laboured under many dis
advantages. They saw very clearly they could
not afford to bestow halt their labor to resusci
tation, and then successfully meet the compe
tition which was rapidly springing up, in the
opening and bringing into cultivation tne rich
lands of tbe nonh-west. They saw clearly
that a coinpetion in foreign markets, with these
new and inexhaustible lands, could not be main
tained except at the expense of poverty and de
population. They saw clearly that a home
market tor their agricultuial products was the
only hope on which they could rely, and that
this couth only be produced by such a diversity
ot pursuits as would give them a consuming
population engaged profitably in other than
agricultural pursuits, and these considerations
led to the in’roduction ot manufactures. And
/■very one at all conversant with tbe history ot
our country must be aware, that with the in
troduction of manufactures, and cotton the prin
cip; 1 one, commenced a change which has
made a garden spot ot that whole country. The
oid wom out fields have been renewed and made
11 produce four-fold lo what they did in their
virgin stale, the barren ridges and stony moun
tains have been enriched and put into profitable
cultivation, and the whole country may be said
literally to groan under a weight oi the richest
products ot nature. Every inhabitant is made
justly to exult in the feeling that be lives in a
land of universal prosperity, inhabited by the
happiest people to be found on the globe. And
we belive the same changes would produce tire
same results with us, and that it is little belter
than madness to entertain a hope that we may
become a more prosperous people than we now
are without many radical in our habits,
investments ot capital and industrial pur suits.
Although cotton is one ot lhe greatest staples
in the world, and has hitherto yielded a greater
profit to the labor bestowed on its culture than
any known commodity, its production is only
in 'its inlancy. The world seems only recently
to have discovered the immense profit which
can be derived from its culture on the best soils;
and having now made the discovery it is not
unreasonable!'!suppose that prices will be kept
so low as to bring its profits on a level with all
other agricultural products. Many suppose
that land congenial to the cotton plant, will not
be found lokeep pace with the rapidly inercas
ins consumption. But we think the spread oi
civilization will open Dew countries to its
growth and that over-production and conse
quent low prices, wilt be the only causes to
cocck ns topiu auvauce. in loc4 uiiu co ore
crop ot tne United States was 507,000 bales,
;nd we distinctly recoiled that it was then pre
dicted that au increase of consumption to dou
ble this quantity could not be sup; lied without
putting nearly, it not all, oi our land in cotton
growing regions into requisition, and that the
consequences would be higher prices than had
ever been previously known. In 1834 and '5
the crop was 1,254,000; in 1844 anu ’5, 2,400,-
000; aud a similar ratio oi advance lor the
next ten orfiitecu years will only be prevented
hy prices ranging lower than they have even lor
the past year. Recent events have shown most
clearly that this is t. be the course ol things in
I mure, lor the slightest aavance in tbe pi ice ol
cotton has invariably bad the tendency to short
en consumption, and it must be evident that the
exhauster! rands oi South Carolina cannot long
no Id a successful competition with the rich and
virgin soils ot lhe W estern States in the pro
duction ol cotton or any other agricultural arti
cle except rice. It then becomes us lo to. k
about in sober earnest to ascertain what chang
es can be made to avert the evils which seem
lo threaten us. To remain as we are, purcha
sers ui everything and sellers ot nothing but cot
ton and rice, unless prices range higher than
the nature ot circumstances will justly allow
u« to expect, must lead lo poverty and depend
euce, depletion ot population and capital. And
to those who are not intentionally blind, we
think it must be apparent, that an agricultural
laborer engaged in the growth ot cotton in South
Caioliua will not Ire able to hold a successiu)
competition with the same species ol labor in the
south-west, ana certainly not with lhe manufac
turing opeiauvesof Rew England, or any other
country. The one is all hand work, while the
«id. ‘4 ma.; i.ieiy give# to each person iu the
oitierran i.jttc.alent to thirty hands. Wethmtr
it has been aho« n in a recent publication that
the manufacture ot Yarn, and all the coarser
cotton fabrics, may be successfully conducted
in South Carolina, not only lo the supplying ol
all our domestic wants, but to lhe exporting
large quantities. And we believe most sin
cerely that this branch ot manufactures once
taiily introduced would be a nucleus which
would bring around it all olber branches of ma
nutaciures necessary lo supply us with lhe com
mon articles of every day home consumption.
And it certainly cannot fail lo be the means ol
producing a great and happy change in the agri
culture ot our country. We are now depend
ent on other countries for nearly all the prime
necessaries ot lite, including lhe most common
articles ol consumption. When we look
around us we cannot but be struck with our
shametui deficiency in these particulars. It
would scarcely be believed in any other country,
were we to tell the story, that we have not such
a thing as a hatter’s shop in the good city ot
Chai lesion, for one might look in vain lor lhe
smallest village in any ot lhe Eastern States,
New York, Penmylvania, Onio, Indiana or
Kentucky, that had not one or more establish
ments ol this kind where hats are made and re
paired. There are no hats imported intoKentuc
tucky, they are all made at home and principally
with negro labor. Yet, strange to say, such a
thing as a hat maker’s shop cannot be found in
our city; neither is there one in Columbia; ana
we believe it would bedifficult to find one in the
State ot South Carolina. It is not quite so had
in the article ot leather, shoes, saddlery, har
ness, Sic., tor we do attempt these branches in a
small way, but there is a vast amount of mo
ney sent abroad by us annually for these arti
cles, which could and ought to be saved to the
State. From the seaboard to the mountains
you willscarcely find a pair of bridle reins that
are not of Yankee manufacture, purchased with
cash, including in the cost, the various charges
• netdent to their passage from that country to
tl is, and withall, loaded with the profits ot
some hall dozen merchants whose hands they
have passed through; when, if things were as
they should be, the purchaser, it a farmer,
would have obtained the side ot leather from
which they were made by the exchange ot a
lew bushels ot grain, taken forthe domestic
supply of his neighbor, ihe tanner; and were
this Hie course of things, ihe consumer would
seldom fail to receive a much more durable ar
ticle, for it is a tact well known to those who
tan and deal in leather, that the Bou>hern tan
ned leather ol superior quality, finds a better
market in the Northern cities than is afforded
here; it is there made into shoes for domestic
use. Those who purchase it, make shoes and
sell them lirectly to the wearer, aud are not ig
norant of the advantages of retaining tbe beat
at home tor their own domestic consumption,
Paper isanother article which should by all
means be made in our State. Instead of this,
however, a great portion of thisarti :le consumed
by us is now imported into South Carolina, and
many of our rags are swept into the gutters, and
with our waste cotton, large quantities are annu
ally swept into our docks and serve no better
purpose than to rot there and generate fever
The rags of our interior towns are generally
thrown away, and it is not until recently that
this laree city has had its rag merchant, and
much to the credit of this individual, who has
become a resident aud owner ot real estate in
our city, he has added his mite, in an honest
way, to the saving of very considerable sums to
our State. It there was a possibility of ascer
taining how much this city has lost in the rags
and waste cotton which has been thrown away,
it is thought, we would not have to date far back
to multiply a sum which would pav for paving
with stone all the streets in Charleston.
Among lhe articles arc straw, palm leaf and
chip hats and bonnets, although an article in
significant in appearance, yet a source of con
siderable revenue ivhere they are manufactured.
We could not but notice in passing through the
inieriorot New-England, thatalmostevery coun
try store kept palm leaf for sale, and wagons
were constantly met passing the roads, loader
with this article, which is given out by the mer
chant to the countrywomen, to make up into
hats and bonnets, for which they pay according
to nattern—4, 6, 8,10 and 12 cents each. Some
limes the raw material is sold and the hats and
bonnets purchased in turn when made up. And
this affords employment to nearly every woman
and cnild down to 5 years of age, and so the
visiting and idle hours are filled up. And be
assured the reflection was most impressively
torced upon us —what a happy thing it would
be could" our poor sand hill ncople have such
means of feeding, clothii g and educating them
selves?
Corn broom is another article, which although
apparently not worth naming, lakes tiom us
many thousands of dollars per annum. The
same may be said ol baskets. Tubs and buckets
are other commodities which take Irom us thou
sands annually; and we have all over the State
tbe very best material torlhe manufacture ofthis
.article. They are to be sure made in limited
quan’itics in different parts ol the State, but ol
very interior quality and finish—the northern
people with the aid ot machinery, are able to
make a much more handsomer article lor halt
tbe money. Hence they are to be found in
common use in almost every cabin in our Slate.
It is not an uncommon thing to see men at woik
in the interior ol this Stale, in this branch of
business, who have been engaged at it all their
lives, with the use ot few other tool o than the
saw and drawing knife, while in New-England,
the operation is performed by water-power and
machinery, lhe manufacturer and all his chil
dren, boys and girls, assisting; and he is ena
bled by the machinery to make a inireh more
perfect article, and five times the quantity per
hand. Wagons, carts and wheelbarrows arc
also made by machinery at the North, imported
here, and cost this Slate large sums of money.
Many other articles ot equal importance could
be named, if time and space would permit. In
our next we will speak of one ortwo, the manu
facture ot all ol which would tollow the wake ot
cotton manufactures. The rearing and manu
facturing ot silk would no doubt soon grow into
an important branch ol business, and add to the
many other sources of creatingand saving mo
ney, and ponulation, and lhe latter not by any
means the least important, tor it is known to
us all that every flood of prosperity which comes
along, carries with it out ol our Sttfte, if we
may be allowed tbe expression, rafts of our
most enterprising planters, with their scores
of negroes, and the readv money necessary to
purchase new lands and settle them.
noTiii. ~ .
It would take a volume to enumerate all the
articles ot daily consumption which we ought
to produce amongourselves; butattbe risk ol
being tedious, 1 will only yet allude to tbe arti
.-le oi fruit, which although it may cost us a
smaller expenditure than many other articles
which could be nan red; yet it is a very con
siderable source ol expense, and why is >' that
in this most congenial climate fi r tucn del e
- we have not undertaken tire growth <“
choice fruits, ihe culture ot w Inch lias m.i ked
lhe advance of civilization in a I ap s • and wit icu
has now become almosi an indispensable luxury
with lhe whole civilized world ? There is cer
tainlv nothing which marks s.> plainly the ad
vance of a country in the scale ot human hap
piness, as her orchards ot choice fruit; and in
passing through the Stales of South Carolina
andGtorgia, there is nothing which strikes the
stranger with so much torce—nothing which
makes such an indellible impression upon his
mind, as the wholly neglected state of this part
of our husbandry ; and may not the whole ot ii
be charged to the thirst for making more cotton,
io purchase more negroes—and then again lo
raise more cotton, to purchase more negroes.
and we might as well finish the sentence by add
ing to go to Mississippi or Texas, where more
cotton can be raised to the hand.
It is a well known fact that all the stone fruits
glow in the middle and upper parts ot oor Blate
tn the creates' profusion and perfection that it
is only necessarv to scatter the seeds tn the fence
comers to produce trees, which with ordinary
VOL. IX.-NO. 30.
• are, win live amt proauce liuit tor two genera
tions, and with all this we see these delicious
fruits almost wholly neglected. You may find
many men in very easy circumstances who
have lived from youth to old age on a farm,
without rearing a haltdozen peach trees—many
planters making their fifty bales otcotton, with
out a fruit tree, except now aud then a seedling
which has been permitted by chance to grow.—
In contrast with this we see persons in Dela
ware, Pennsylvania and Neu-Jersey planting
large peach trees, knowing at the same time
that the average duration oi a pea h tree is but
5 years, and that al best but three crops can be
gathered from a tree before it dies; still, not
withstanding tl i« great barrier to success, large
fortunes are made by the operatioi ; and were
it not for the perishable nature of this trail, there
can be no doubt but these very men would be
now furnishing the Charleston market with
peaches. And why is it that our enterprising
surburban vegetable farmers have not underta
ken ibis branch of business on a large scale ?
They have done themselves mueh credit in
driving Irom our maikeis lhe culinary vegeta
bles that were formerly brought here in quanti
ties from the north, and turned the tables by fur
nishing the northern cities with eady potatoes,
peas, cabbages, tomatoes, cucumlrers, melons,
Sic., and in this they have done more tor the
Siate than all ihe commercial conventions that
ever have met or ever will assemble. There
is no doubt but a tew individuals by making a
bold step would create a great revolution in ibis
particular, and that means would be soon lound
to destroy the insect wnich has heretofore dis
appointed us in successfully cultivating the
Slope trails. Such an undertaking Would soon
beYollowed by orchards fl>urishmg along our
supplied with trait raised otiouroSM soW'TM
reason we apprehend, Is that it is sold too high
—yes, it is actually so dear an article in the
Charleston market that those who are in the
daily habit of vending agricultural supplies are
deterred from undertaking this most prufi able
branch of husbandry, and we think the reason
will be seen in the sequel.
In passing through the northern States and
visiting their towns and villages, lhe first ob
jects thatarrest the e>e of tbe stranger are the
innun erable orchards and the immense quanti
ty offruit brought to the markets. The ques
tion which he is constantly asking hiuiselt is,
where can all this iruit find customers? This
can only be solved by observing the market
carls and baskets of the citizens returning to
i heir homes laden, invariably, in part with fruit.
Go into the hotels, boarding houses, the gentle
man’s mansion or lhe peasant’s hut, into the
prisons or alms-houses, and you find fruit not
only a luxury but a seeming necessary of life
You will hardly find a table which is not pro
vided with fruit morning, noon and night.—
Pastry cooks, preservers and confectioners, in
fact every matron in the country is busying her
self during fruit season in the various modes of
its preservation. In the town ot Wilmington,
Delaware, containing a population ot 10 000, it
is not an uncommon thing lo sell 500 bustie sot
peaches in one market day. They are furnish
ed so cheaply that every man, woman and child
is a regular consumer, and fruit may be said to
have become a prime article of necessity, and
although sold from 40 to 50 cents per bushel, so
well is the grower paid, that large investments
are made in the business, and those who are
engaged in it are traversing the world for choice
varieties ot fruits One individual near Wil
mington, Del., realized from his peach orchards
last summer the sum ot $22,000.
And how is it with Charleston? With a
population ot 40,000 persons I have known the
inaiket actually glutted with ten barrels of
peaches. A wagon load of iruit may come in
at times and meet with a ready market at hand
some prices, at other times the same may not
get pav tor hauling. Speak to a tanner about
supplying our market and he will tell you at
once that to plant an orchard in our vicinity
would overstock ihe market, and be wholly de
structive of profits. The tact is that our mar
kets are so i'regularly supplied with the fruits
which are congenial lo our climate aud soil,
that they are sold so high as to forbid their be
coming articles of general consumption. At
this time to purchase very ordinary pears for
making a single dessert for an ordinary sized
family will cost about 50 cents, and so with
nearly all other fruits. The consequence is
that a large portion of our community are not
regular consumers ot this the greatest of the
luxuries of life, and the tables of the more
wealthy are supplied from the Northern States
and the West Indies; and in tact with every
thing hut tnedellctnus traits whioK mislu b*
produced by tiurown soil.
Many persons entertain the belief that the
growth ot apples is not suited to our climate—
this isa mistake. In former days Columbia
and Augusta were snpnlied with Northern Ap
ples, but ot recent years North Carolina has ta
ken this trade, and furnishes apples tar superior
in quality, and which keep as well in winter,
and there fs no good reason why lhe same
should not be undertaken io ihe upper and mid
dle districts of our Stale, and that our Railroad
Company should not look to this as promising
a source of considerable revenue at some fu
ture day.
Aside from the continual embarrassments
which must attend the strictly and exclusively
agricultural country, in droughts, commercial
convulsions and combinations, tariffs, 4c., it
we will but look at tbe vast difference in pro
ductiveness between the mechanic or taciory
operative and agricultural laborer, we will be
led at once to the conclusion that every country
should have the work shops at home which sup
ply her with all the actual necessaries of lita:
and io suppose, as many do, that this species of
indepence would cripple commerce, is to in
dulge in absurdities not tenable with argument.
The greater the diversity of pursuits, generally
streaking, the greater tbe prosperity ot a coun
try, and prosperity neverfailsto stimulate com
merce; hence it will be seen t' at countries
which seemingly manufacture every article
which can administer lo the comfort and luxu
ry ot man, have the widest spread commerce.
One would suppose that the manufactures ot
France might suffice to supply the wants of a
Parisian, yet we find him indulging his fancy
in the purchase of the costly fabrics of the Lon
don, Roman. Genevian and Chinese work
shops, and so with the fashionable of London.
They are not satisfied with the beautiful fabrics
of England, but must be arrayed in the contra
band articles smuggled from F r ance. We see
this most cleatl.v exemplified in New England,
where one would suppose every article which
enters into the wants of man, could be supplied.
Yet her ships are found traversing every known
sea, and from tbe mountains to the seaboard you
you will not find a peasant who is not indulging
in articles ot fancy or luxury,from the remotest
part ot the globe, and that country may in iruth
he said lobe literally alive with commerce.
To illustrate the difference ol productiveness
between the agricultural and manufacturing
laborer, and show the bearing which ear h has
on the various ramifications of society around
him, we will here refer to the work above allu
ded to, “Domestic Industry, or an inquiry into
the expediency ol establishing manufactures in
South Carolina," and select tor our purpose the
Lowell Mill, which belongs to a Company,
having a capital of $600,600 engaged in busi
ness. They own a mill for the manufacture of
carpets, one also lor woollen linseys, and a cot
ton factory of 5000 spindles, engaged in mak
ing osnaburgs. As these establishments, with
their appurtenances, cost S6OO 000, it would
probably be but lair to estimate the cotton mill
at S2OO 000; but. lest we undershoot the mark,
we will put it at s3oo,ooo—one-halt the capital
of the company, who have, as above stated,
three mills, and they are al) located in one yard,
ft appears that in this mill they employ 175
hands, whose wages collectively amount to
$35,867 per annum, which is about s2ootoeach
person. I’he difference between the cost of tne
raw material, supposing it to be purchased in
South Carolina, and the amount tor which it
seems the goods were sold, amounted to $219,-
063; from this take the sum paid for wages,
$35,867. The dividends paid on capital, the
average, of which, for ten years, as will appear
in the appendix, is 9 per cent, per annum, say
$27,000, and you have left $153,196, which is
of course expended in the various ramifications
of conducting the business, and goes to compen
sate the various clases of persons which are, of
necessity, drawn around such an establishment.
This sum, vou will percere, gives employ
men' io 765 persons, at S2OO each per nr.num,
<t 4 37-100 irersobs o each factory operative.
T aking anctber view of the subjer:, by the same
statement y u willpetceive thnt alter deducting
9 per cent, in'erest toi the caj itai < n ployed by
tbe \>n/rs in conducting the business, say
$27,000, there will le est the sum of $192 063,
equal to $1,098 to the band, produced by the
aid of waterpower and machinery, and this
sum leaves an excess, after paying ample wa
to the operative, to afford si! comforts
and many of ihe luxuries of lite, the sum of
$153 196 to be expended in the community *-
round such an establishment, and although it
wou d be extremely difficult to trace out the va
rious sources through which this sum becomes
divided in a community, vet it explains at once
why a cotton factory of 5000 spindles employ
ing 175 hands, never fails to build up a village
around it, and give an impetus to a high state of
agriculture to a large circle of co- ntrv in its vi
■inity. Had we such an establishment located
on either branch ot our Rail Road, Charleston
would receive a large share of this sum which
would be made in our Sl.-te. The Rail Road
Company would receive an accession to her
business of at least SIO,OOO per annum, for the
regular business of such an establishment in the
transport of raw material, manufactured goods,
machinery, agricultural and mercantile sup-