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OLD SERIES, VOL. LI
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
19 PU3LISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY
BYJ.W. & W. S. JONES.
Fhe Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
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money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 8.
Things in Washington—A Democratic
Witness.—On a former occasion we introdu
ced to our readers, the tearless Washington
correspondent ofthe Charleston Mercury, to show
to jihetn the masner in which things are done by
the good democratic administration in the Capi
tol. We are the mere disposed to place this
witness upon the stand, because he is a demo
crat, and the correspondent of one of the organs
el the party, who exhibits that rare quality, in
dependence—on?, too, who speaks out boldly
and ex poses the corrupt practices ol those in pow
er. To such a witness the democracy them
selves cannot object, because he is of them and
among them, and is quite familiar with the
practices of those in power at Washington
In his letter of the 30th ot July he thus alludes
to the then rumored removals which we e to
take place on the Ist inst:
"The rumors with respect to removals—that
there will be a large number at tbe expiration of
the ptesent month, continue to gather strength
and force. There is consequently great trepi
dation and fear in the various buteaus and de
partments. It appears, however, that the im
pression generally prevails, that these removals
will only lake place among the inferior Clerks
—thathea.’s of Bureaus, a d chief and superior
Clerks Who have been in office some 20 or 30
or 10 and evendSO years, and have grown rich,
wilfbe retained—while the subordinates v.i.l be
decapitated. The reasons which are alleged
tor this course are, that those who have held
superioroffites and received good salaries so as
to enable the.h t j grow rieh, are abm to give
grand parties and rich entertainments to their
Chiefs, an l to induce Democratic friends who
are indebted to them, to busy themselves on their
behalf, and .to Represent that it is impossible any
one else cofill perform their duties it they wete
removed; and hence they are to be retained. I
mention these matters not because I am in fa
vor of the indiscriminate removal from office of
all political opponents, but because, if removals
are to be made, they should be made upon some
fixed principle toiich should, apply to all. I ap
_ pears very harsh and cruel, io say the le: st of
it, to turn out a man whois in the receipt <4
SIOOO or sl2ooas a clerk, and who has o eu
pied his p >st some 8 or 10 years, because he is a
Whig, and at the same ti n? to retain men who
have been receiving theirsl6oo, SIBOO, $2,001),
32500 or 83J:)) for 30, 40 or 50 yea r*, and who
havegrown rich thereupon, and givegrar ! par
ties io heads of’deparfluents, &e. 11, to satisfy
the demands ot partisans, the Administration i>
compelled to turn men out o! office to make va
cancies, let the i adopt some nil ' whi.'ii will at
least n it havellie appearance it favoritism, and
apply it inflexibly. The complaints which are
now made must then cease. They might
grumble*ai the rule, but they would a t be able
to say as many do now, “ you turned me but be
cause I was a Whig, although 1 have always
been in receipt of a low salary, and not been
able to save anything, and yet you retain so and
so, although he is a W/ng, and a hUlr. partisan,
w hec;u-e he has held a good office for man,
years, been able to grow rieh and is
able to gW" rand parlies and entertainments. ”
Such Complaints ought not to be heard—there
ought not to he cause lor tbepi, ”
How well th,e writer predicted these coming ]
e,et»H -be
written after thb removals had been made.
Here it is, and we invite its perusal by '■ !
of alt and ask them to weigh well its
disclosures . ... -mr 111 ** •
City, Aug. 1,1845.
Turnouts among the qffi.ceho ders—Cori iip'i"ii in
Washington—The Chief Engineer, Mr. Has
well, and the Assistant. Engineers- Progress of
Corruption.
“ Yesterday being the last, and this the first
day of the month, quite a number of clerks have
been removed, and their places filled by new ap
pointments. The number of removals is not,
however, so extensive as many persons Ind an
ticipated, there having been some 25 <>r 30 I be
lieve remove;! altogether, but they are so scat
tered about through the various Bureaus, that I
have not been able to ascertain precisely, cither
the number or the names ot those removed.
Among the removals, 1 learn ofthree in 'he
Post Office Department; three in the Post Ot- ,
lice Auditor's office; •ree in th" Navy Depart
ment; l .ur in the second. Comotrollei’s office;
one in the first Comptroller's office; two in 1
third Auditor’s office; one in the iourtii Audi
tor’s office; one in the office nf th? Commis
sioner of Indian Affairs. All of those who
have been removed are clerks, ant nut one
of those men who h ive been so many years in
rtfice on such salaries as to get rich, and to he
able to give grand dinner and supper parties,
&c., and to whom, and the remarks made in re
lation to them, 1 referred in my previous letter
—not one of these has been disturbed, but they
are still allowed to remain in the enjoyment of
theirsnng berths and goo I salaries.
" The atmosphere of Washington would al
most seem to breed corruption. Every addi- I
tional month I remain here, and the m ire 1 be- ;
come acquainted with the secret intrigues, and I
the nefarious schemes which here thrive in
deadly luxuri inc?, the rn.ee do I long to‘•■’e
the besom of reform introduced, and the more
am I convinced of the deeply corrupting influ
ences which the bestow;n?iit ot offices as a re
ward for mere partisan services, bits excrcicl
and always will exercise. I have from time to I
time, as tacts have come to my knowledge,
•teemed it my duty to spread them before 'lie
public, as in the case of the advertisement tor
thg Memphis Navy Yard Works—the paying
members of Congress yrdi’-m alter their terms
ot service have expired, on pretence of tbeir liv
ing detained in Washington by sickness; the
paying mileage to Senators for supposuious
travelling, &e. &c. And 1 shall continue to
pursue thia same course, a--- 1 consider the b.t-i
corrective, which can be applied to these abu-.s
is the wholesome one of an enlightened- public
opinion.
“In pursuance ot this deter.miaation 1 will
give, yon sum: facts hi connection with the
Chief Engineer in the Navv Oetart'ngnt and
some other person?, which have b-cn brought
to day knowledge in Connection with a list of
appointments as Assistant Engineers, which Ims
i recently been mtrje public in accordance, as is
said, with the results of an examination into
their qualifications by the Chief Engineer. I
know not anything oi the fairness or otherwise
of these appointments, hut 1 iiear them most
unqualifiedly condemned by many whom I be
lieve to know, and it is averred that Mr. Has
well,'the Chief Engineer, has proved himselt to
either incompetent to his duties, nr else to !
have exercised his power partially, either under ,
influence of revengeful feelings, cis ■.ppointed
cupidity,or prospective political views. As a
s.ampleof .Mr. Haswell’s impartiality and fi‘-
a-ss t>t the office he holds, I am informed that
during the last winter Mr. Haswell address, d
a circular to the Assistant Engineers, requiring
the payment of3soeacli, which he salt would
be necessary to defray the expenses of the ex
amination ot their papers, and obtaining lhe
confirmation of tbeir appointments. Among
others to whom this circular was s.m, wa-an
Assistant Engineer named Williamson. This
man made some demur to the payment of this
SSO and some correspondence passed between
biin and Mr. Haswell on the subject. Some
time since, I learn that William-on can.e on to
Washington and placed all the correspondence
above mentioned,*before Mr. Bancroft, the Se
cretary ot the Navy. Mr. B.tncrott entered into
an examination ol the facts an I Mr. Hnswell, I
believe, wanted to make out that the 350 w'niffit
he had demanded Imm each Assistant Engineer,
was for lhe payment of tiie service* of A. Tims.
Smith, as agent, to attend to their ci*:-. Nov
admitting tor a moment this t.i be trite—-.. h i
right, 1 ask, or what propriety, is there in an odi
cer of the government, the Chief E-igim. er ol lhe
Navy,actingaslheagent of Mr. A.Thos.So-' k
who was to act as the atrent of th” .\sdstuni En
gineers? But it leaves upon its very l ice the
etidence olitsimprobability,and lam inlormed |
that Mr. Williamson in some way or i .i.er, oh- '
tained prqvl, that this mon ; had n re
quired by Mr. Haswell tort':- use cd Mr. A.
Taos. Smith, and with this evidence returned
to the charge against Mr. fl .... T. " ; si:-1
denly lire whole matter dropped. And ■
Mr."’-V*illiams.m whose rn'drgcve him a salar .
ol SISOO per am.u... w:.vr cmplove . (.acvicus
to nta obtaining this proof,) was appointed to th
Norfolk Naw Yar-I,and t > make r. -m thim
a man named :>opcland whose rank only gav>
him S9OO when employed, was removed witbout
the slightest cause.
ISo far from there being any cause for his re
moval, lhe highest lesiiinonials were given as
to his capabiliiv and efftcienty, ami the fine
cider in which he has kept the machinery at the
Navy Yard, it never having been in better or
der. Yet go he must, in order to get Mr. Wil
liam-on ouiot Mr. Haswell’s way, and conse
quently he was thrown upon the world, and
although a worthy, estimable man, he is now
destitute of employment about the streets ot
Washington. However, Mr. Williamson, as
1 have before said, by some means obtained evi
dence that this SSO was not wanted lor Mr. A.
Thus. Smith s services, and returns to the charge
with this evidence, when lo and behold, he is
suddenly appointed to a poston board the Prince
ton—the Princeton is in active service, and no
thing more is heard ol SSO or lhe charges and
evidence, because the complainant is away on
active service. It is to be hoped that the Secre
tary of the Navy will not let this matter rest,
but ilia' he will examine it thoroughly and do
justice in lhe premises. Reform is needed—
and reform should be had. It is needed above
all in the Navy Department, and if to reach and
correct the abuses and corruptions which have
grown to an alarming height in that Department
and the Bureau connected with it, a thorough
re-organization should be needed, and the dis
charge ot every person connected «i’.h it be ne
cessary to introduce purity, or some degree of
purity, I trust Mr. Bancroil will not hcHtaie in
his course one moment. The path ot dnly is a
straight line—there is no turning to the right
nor to the left—no need of any mystification or
concealment. L?t him takelheinitiative—take
it Ivddly, unfaulieringly ?nd however much
those whom the rod ot justice scourges may
complain, the people will approve and reward
the faithful servant who consults only their in
terests and for their welfare.
“In Jefferson’s manual of Parliamentary
prae'ice this passage occurs:
“ ‘ The privileges of members ol Parliament,
from small and obscure beginnings, have been
advancing for centuries with a firm and never
yielding pace. Claims seem to have been
brought forward, from time to time, and repeat
ed, till some examples of their admission,
enabled them to build law on that example.’”
“■ I quote this tor ti e purpose of showing its
applicability to some ol the abuses to which
J have called attention froi:i time to time, and
as an apt exposition of ihe manner in which
these abuses from being violations of law come
to be considered the laic themselves. The nume
rous abuses for instance which exist here, so
that purity has almost become the exception to
prove the rule, exemplify it. They began with
one—they have sprung up till they are legion.
The case of the Chief Engineer and the SSO is
an instance. Let ii pass mow, and it will be
claimed in future as a tight. But the quotation
applies more particularly to I he abuses practised
by ’Members of Congress and Srnalors. Look
foe instance at the practice of paying Mem
bers alter their terms had expired, because
they were detained in Wt shington by sickness.
It was allowed in one instance, and imine
diately an ex-Member of Congress goes back
hrelve yiars lo obtain a similar allowance: and
another being detained three, month, by sickness
after nis term and then dying, hi? executors
claim and receive per diem during all the time
ot hi- sickness. On the same principle a man
maybe elected a Member ot Congress, serve
his term an l if he should happen to be sick,
(with cottanmptnm for inst tiee) ar.d remain in
Washington 10, twoor three years, lingering
before he dies, he might claim and receive per
diem for the whole time, and lhe people might
be paying him, his successor and the one suc
ceeding that-one, ell at the same time. Let it
he remembered, "the privileges of Members ot
Parliament from small an I üb-cure beginnings
have been advancing lor centuries ' i'll a firm
and never yielding pace.”
E itohiai. Change. The “ Federal Union”
has p :‘S'.d intotl-.e proprietorship and Ediloifal
charged H. V. Johnson ar.d D. C. Campbell,
E-qrs.
Mobs Nnw Cotton.—The Savannah Re
publican of.lheGth inst says:—-Fourbales more
of lhe new crop of cotton, arrived last evening
per Central Rail Road, Iroru the plantation of
the estate of.Telfair, in Jefferson county.
Sentence or Cai l .'. Peter Flowery.—in
the U. 8. District Court at Boston, on Friday,
CA?a of ,La, yjfLSfi 1 5 ' 1 'J■ tas fi,it fld
guilty on the cimfjeql fitting out the Spitfire,
with a view to epanbiy.Jip—in-ibA —rrvev;
was brought to a close. Tin? jury recommended
pHsouer to 'rrtffcy, and his counsel made
certain exceptions, which were fully argued
some days ago. Judge Sprague delivered the
opinion of the Court, and overruled the motion
for a new trial. The prisoner was sentenced
to 5 years imprisonment and to pay a fine of
S2CKH).
Movements or the Gulf Squadron.—One
ot our correspondents at Pensacola, writing un
der date of th? 3().!i ult., gives us the following
1 intelligence: —/'zcaytine.
"The squadron, with the exception of the
brig Somers, left here on Monday morning—
destination Vera Cruz - expecting to be gone
seven or eight weeks. The captain of the
pleasure boat Alligato", from your city, while
drawing a *eii:e in a cove opposite (his place,
was seized by a shark and destroyed in sight ol
his companions.
Pennsylvania.—7 • ? A«g«.s! lalcrestpaid.—
The Philadelphia Inquirer of Saturday says: —
zAn evident cheerfulness pervaded all classes of
our citizens yesterday, owing to the payment ot
the State Interest at the Bank of Pennsylvania.
The attendance al the Bank was large certain
ly, but by no means crowded. Confidence in
lhe honor and integrity ot the Common
wealth appeared to be thoroughly restored, and
claimants in general exhibited no particular
anxiety, n • feverish haste tor the receipt ol
their dividends. We congratulate, our fellow
citizens on the maintenance ol the now high
reputation and fair fame ol Pennsylvania.
Tits R ain— lts Extent.— The Savannah Re
publican of 'he tl h inst. says: —We are inform
ed by a gentleman ju". from Columbus, that on
I last Sunday evening, - . hi'le lhe clouds were co
piously discharging their contents upon the
parched regions along :he coast, our neighbors
ol that beautiful city were enjoying one ol the
most magnificent sunsets he ever witnessed.—
On Sunday night he 'ravelled from Columbus
to .Macon, beneath , cleat .star-lit sky, and on
M mday he did cot notice any traces of the rain
of the two preceding days, until he reached the
county ot Jefferson on the Central Rail Road.
Thectops have generally suffered immensely,
and in the whole region Roia this to the Chatta
hoochee, the;.' will tall vastly short of a fair
average.
Fires in RichMONU, Va.—Two fires oc
curred in Richmond, Va., on Saturday and
another on Sunday night last, 'lhe amount
of property destroyed was not large. The Whig
says:—lndeed, from the fr< qnent occurrence of
fires lately, in our ci:y, there is every reason to
snjfpose incendiaries are amonstus
Currespondewee of the ,V rlh American.
New-York, August, 3, P. M.
A fain oftwelve hours duration lias added
not a little to the tine pro«p vs of fanners, who
have now rain enough lor all lhe toot cropsand
the fall seed.
In the city to-day there is nothing ol interest |
—the*weather is vey fine, and as usual im
proved by pleasure parties out of town.
I'he bank returns ebow a large increase ot
specie f -umated at more than a million of d<d
hrs—fifteen banks show an increase of $717,-
000. The whole appearance ot the banks is
sounder than at the last renort. The amount of
governtnent dcri’siis is $2.700 o'o in the eily
banks, and $30,000 in excess of tl:--' amount
here in J une.
Less contraction ot lo.ins has been seen tin’s
qnarer ihan in April, and the I tans now stared j
are bona fide mTcantile oiv-T.itions, and tic: lhe |
artificial operations of brokers. Aioli re
mains abundant at 0 per cent fia o.dinnty
loans, and 5 per (jmc. for loans o 1.
The attempt to sell the steamer Unicorn has
failed, as sh- car.net run to a Vantage nndvr
the British flag, and cannot change d witbot"
some special action bv Congress. She returns
to Halifax earlyrfhis week.
Fcrther particulars of l ii" Explosion i r
if±t^xr thrS -' MT,iB Ne *- ra
> Fr ■(>> a. "ciilleinaii v. iio canj'S down in ti ■
! H nrv Brv'rei'l who was at Herman nt the
I ' !:.'( ■ ot the explosion, and remained there for _ I
! h •(:•■- - learn that thirteen persons had
r il'--I ,‘ n l .here were ten badly, an-'
Levm. :?!,■■ --.I - ; .-fth-?.?:'that are badb'
> • ■( ■. ::i r four, I-.- sav“. capnot survive; he
i ret d-jw:. t :•? i-'tml-e; of kided a:.d missing a'
j ■-'?; i -re ■•■er-33 passe-rers in the cabin; the
luuCi: er on deck is hot !::■• -■ n. no:’perhaps never
will be correctly aseeitained; a portion ot the
skull of one man was found sticking in '-h®
wreck of the cabin; the head and chest of
another was found a day after the explosion
floating in the river; many had their hands,
headand leet scalded. Theworkofdesttuctinn
appears to have been most severe among the
cabin passengers and crew, as but a few ol
those on deck were injured.
Later from South America.—Capt. Means,
of lhe brig Henry, at New York, from Buenos
Ayres, which place lie left on the sth of June,
reports, on information obtained from the U. S.
Consul, that the combined fleets ot England,
France and Brazil were about blockading the
portol Buenos Ayres. Thirty-two sail of British
and French men of war were assembled in the
river, with more than 50,000 troops on board.
The N. Y. Journal ol Commerce says—
“ Our file of the British Packet, published at
Buenos Ayres, is to June Ist, and Capt. Means
sailed on the sth. What may have occurred in
the interval we cannot tell; but there is nothing
mentioned in the Packet which could lead to the
idea of blockade being probable.”
Capt. Means further repons that ths brig
Emily, Tomlinson, of Salem, was refused en
trance into the port of Buenos Ayres because
she had been spoken, while passing Monte
Video, by the U. S. sloop of war Boston, which
put some letters on board.
Baron Deflattdis, the new Minister from
France, arrived at Buenos Ayres on the 30th of
May, in the breach steam frigate Fulton.
Mr. Mandeville, the recalled British Minister,
had his audience of leave on the 7th of June,
and on the Bth Mr. Ouseley, the new Minister,
presented his credentials.
The Packet says that lhe matters in contro
versy with Brazil were in tram for amicable
adjustment. The Montevideans who took re
fuge in the Brazilian territory, had been dis
armed, and ex-President Rivera had been con
ducted, under escort, from the town of Pelotas,
in the province ot Rio Grande. Gen. Oribe
had proclaimed an amnesty, inviting the fugi
tive Montevideans to return in peace and safety
Correspondence qf the N. Y. Express.
Later from the Pacific.
By the Panama overland mail we have the
following items of intelligence Irom our cotres
pondent:
Lima, May 12.
The government of Gen. Castilla, which was
inaugurated on the 21st of April, is now fully
organized, and the two houses of Congress hav
ing become an ‘ordinary’(convened as an extra)
session, have elected lhe ‘ Council of State/ and
in it harmonizing the interests of the various
parties. The government candidate for Presi
dent of the Council of State, who is thereby
Vice-President ol Peru, Gen. San Roman, was
elected 7ih May. The new government is gain
ing strength and confidence daily, and it is hop
ed that Peru tnay now look forward lo a large
period of internal peace, and consequent pros
perity.
The Peruvian squadron, which the British
naval forces took possession ot several months
since, have resumed their colors, thoughgiven
up by the English admiral they are at anchor
off Anca, and last going to ruin.
U. S. naval forces in the Pacific—the follow
ing ships wereat Callao, May 12th ; Savannah,
Com. Sloat; Warren, Com. Hull; Pons
m-mth, Coni. Montgomery; schr. Shark, Lt.
Howison, arrived the day previous Item Val
paraiso; store ship Relief, Lt. Robb.
The Portsmouth sailed for Valparaiso May
12 h to convey Dr. Crumb, U. S. Charge des
Affaires to Chili, lo that port. The health of
Dr. C. was much improved by his few days
de ay at Lima.
The Warren to sail in a few days for Cen
tral America, landing Delazon Smith, Esq, U
S. Especial Agent to Equador, at Parta,
whence he would proceed overland to his desti
nation. The Shark sailed from Callao, May
20'1:, bringing to Panama Mr. Pickett, late
charge de affaires to Peru.
The Childe Herald sailed for Cobija, and
Valparaiso, May 7th.
The whale ships Henry Astor, Niger, and
Peruvian, tvere at Callao first week in May to
refit and get fresh provisions.
The brig Commissary which sailed from
Boston in December, had not arrived at Val
paraiso At ay I.
The American whale ship Acorieh, Capt.
Renoles, was lost in Raiatea bay, Society Is
lands, on the 12th Feb. Officers and crew all
saved and taken to Rapcite.
The Republic of Equadore was in a state of
violent and bloody civil _
and ercat doubts were enterta>ne(l.,,MtaßtßMyW«* J '•
...tu.n. v (tespix~F^n^aMH|BWwWß>ti'wiget
the ascendancy.-
The yellow fever at Guayaquil was abating
at the latest date—lsth April. It was supposed
that the close of the rainy season would check
the disease. There is a rigid quarantine at
Collao on all vessels from Guayaquil and that
part of the coast. Yours, T.
New-York Manufactures, <&c.
A few days ago we laid before our readers
the letter of a Southern gentleman, addressed
to the Richmond Whig, giving a sketch ofthe
manufactures, &c., ofthe city of Newark, N. J.,
and we now have the pleasure of giving them
another Irom the same source, in reference to
the city of New-York, to which we invite the
reader’s attention :
American Mechanism Visit to the Manufactu
ring Establishments (if New-York City—Vir
ginia and Virginians, <pc. (pc.
New. York, July 29th, 1845.
To the Editors of the Whig:
Gentlemen—Having given you in a late com
munication an account ot my ramblings among
.he manufactories of a neighboring city, I will
now, with your consent, tell you something in
the same way ol my investigations ot lhe many
factories in this great emporium. This city,
with all its commercial renown, with its ships
floatingon every ocean, sea, river and lake,
bearing into and from every port of ti e world,
the stars and stripes of a land
“Great, glorious and free,”
has not forgotten, in her onward march to
wealth and glory, the cultivation on the soil ot
our lathers of the peaceful arts an t mechanical
pursuits, by which alone her great mercantile
career is established. Those treasures which
are brought to us by those “ who do business
on the great deep” from other realms and States,
would rarely find their way to our shores to add
to our cntnlotts and riches, were it not for the
unostentatious, yet skfllul, genius ol the honest
and hardy handicraftsman who claspsand welds
together these floating warehouses and palaces,
by which all this is accomplished.
Who does not feel proud when he hears from
the lips ot men of all nations that the ships
built by Americans are in model and all other
essentials superior to any built in Europe.—
This confession, too, has been unwillingly ex
torted from the haughty subjects ot the “fast
anchored isle.” A lew years ago we were
ridiculed and jeered al lor the want ot genius
and skill among our mechanics—a noble body
ol peoi le, who have been a terror to all Europe;
and hence lhe contumely and reproach, and lar
too much the neglect of late years of our own
Statesmen, with some laudable and praiseworthy
exceptions; but now their career at home, and.
renown in the old world, are adding laurels thick
upon their brow.
Not many years since, when any important
work was to be undertaken in this country, all
eyes were naturally turned to lhe old world for
some distinguished mechanic, who was to be
the lucky person to plan and construct it, and
whether it was well or badlv done, yet it was
trumpeted abroad as a master-piece of workman
ship, because it was the work of a distinguish
ed toieianer. Bui how different now is the
case. No one thinks of going abroad now,
when anv important and difficult piece of me
chanism isto be constructed. When any new
project is before lhe public, to be undertaken, a
thousand voices are heard lo say, str, I am vour
man. The difficulty now is among so many
competent men, who will do it the cheapest.
Tin- tabl.-s are so effectually turned that Ame
rican mechanics are scattered over all Eu rope
and Asia, under lhe employ ot crowned heads,
who deemed them superior to their own. At
the rate with which we have been progressing
of late years, in the building of ships and steam
ers, should we continue, we will be lhe builders
ot one-hall that shall float upon the ocean, seas,
rivers and lakes of the world in 20 years; while
in Railroads, all North and South America, end
j one-third of Europe, will be propelled with
steam, from place lo place, by the skill, inge
nuity and enterprize of America'! mechanics;
□il l when all the world must then feel, as we
now do, that the name of Fulton, the prince ot
Geniuses and American mechanics, is irnrnor-
The eli’ects ofthe Tariffof 1842 upon the pros
perity ofthe whole country is nowhere more
beneficially felt than in this city. The fact is
very susceptible of elucidation snd proof. Du
ring the years of' ’37. 38, ’39, ’4O and 41, the
foreign importers kept the manufacturers en
tirely under the weather. These importing
gentlemen were nearly all foreigners, and con
nected with the manufacturers of Great Bri
tain, France and Germany. Their manner of
doing business was a system ot legalized gam
bling. Out of the nine hundred importers only
one hundred were Americans. The difficulties
under which the American importers labored,
were intolerable. The foreign importer hardly
ever sent out for new patterns. This trust was
always confided lo the American merchant.—
The manufacturer* in Europe would always
charge them an extra price tor getting up a new
pattern, while alter it was procured, they could.
AUGUSTA, GA., ITIUrAy MORNING, AUGUST 14, 1845.
send any amount o! the same article to their
A tneriean agents ala greatly reduced price; and
from the effects of a lo v tariff, and the amount
made for getting up the article forthe American
importer, they could undersell both him and
the American manufacturer. The effect o
this system was to cripple and destroy both ot
them at one blow, for their agents could un
dersell either. The American manufacturers
struggled for three years and better with this
state ot things, until they were compelled to
knock under, and give ihe agents ot foreign
manufaeturersthe.field; butthe tariff’of 1842,
has demolished this system of things, and left
each to compete fairly.
Ihe enterprising mechanics felt, alike with
their associates ot the entire Union, the palsy
ing and crippling effects brought upon us by a
system so hostile to their prospects. But Pro
methcus-like, as soon as the Tariffof 1842 was
passed, they came forth with renewed life and
energetic action, and are now swelling the al
ready immense trade which this city has with
the whole civilized globe. New-York, with all
her wealth and extraordinary commerce, would
play but a small part to that she now does, were
her own city manufactures extinct, ar.d would
hardly excite any curiosity, or be a place of
any great importance, were it not tor American
manufactures and mechanics; and I know of
n.i town or city that is of any great importance,
or that is growing, that has not manulactures in
the midst ol it, or surrounding it. About two
thirds ot the people ot this great emporium, are
owners of, or laborers iu manufacturing esta
blishments From seventy-five to eighty mil-
lions alone ot American manufactures are sold
in this market yearly. Between thirty and thir
five millions are sold to the Southern merchants
Ourpoliticians, knowing this to be the case, and
likewise knowing that we of the South have
ample capacity, resources and wealth lo manu
facture for ourselves, prejudice the people
against it, and spend theirtiine in wholesale (re
nunciations of the North, calumniatingthem as
oppressors and robbers. And are we, gentle
men, forever to accuse the North so unjustly,
because they are frugal, industrious and enter
prising, thus playing false to ourselves, pining
away, and sit down and ingloriously neglect
and waste the rich blessings which a kind and
beneficent Providence has so lavishly bestowed
upon us? We trust not, and permit me, gen
tlemen, to congratulate you on the zeal, good
sense and energy with which you are appealing
to the pride, interest and judgment of the good
people ofthe Old Dominion on this subject.
We hope there will be many Aarons and
Heres, like in the daj’s of Moses, who will
help to hold up your hands that the cause of
education and domestic industry may prevail
in our borders. We need all lhe stout hearts,
and strong minds, to excite the people to ac
tion, so they may shake offtheirfellers, and like
freemen feel the sweets and benefits of energy,
enterprise and prosperity.
Such a celebrity have some ofthe manufac
turing establishments attained in this city, that
their foreign orders alone, will give them twelve
month’s labor to fill. The Novelty Iron Works,
owned by Stillman, Allen & Co. have orders
alone from Louisiana to fill, amounting to
seventy-thousand dollars. This is one oi the
largest, if not the largest and best regulated es
tablishment tn this city. I noticed a great (leal
of heavy work preparing for the South, Mexico
and South America. They employ over four
hundred hands—all of whom are liberally re
warded lor their labor. The most kind and
amicable personal relations exist among the
employers and employees. Out of this large
number and active body of men there is hardly
one but v hat is a subscriber to, and a reader of
lhe Morning and Evening papers. In a con
versation which I held with Mr. Stillman, who
is a very sensible and practical man, he in
formed me that during the years of ’39, 4ft and
41, (heir losses some years were over $20,000,
and had not the Tariff of ’42 come to their aid
the time it did, they must have, with all their
immense capital, fallen a prey to the desolating
ravages of those sad limes (which had swept
fortunes from the hands of many,) and turned
upon ths cold world penniless and helpless four
hundred hardy and industrious laborers. I re
peat again, shall the destroying Angel ot Loco
i’ocoisni pass over the land to smite it with dis
ease and death? Must desolation like a whirl
wind or a tornado sweep over the Union, bring
ing ruin and starvation to our doors once more?
Have, we not been trudded under foot long
enough ?
I had a conversation with an intelligent Dcmo
crat a lew days ago
Tre centre, reM
Scatter it at the North intoathousand fragments,
and he would regard Mr. Polk as the most un
principled politician he had ever known, and
the parly at the North would feel bound to
abandon him to scorn and reprehension. This
is not the opinion of one, but ol many; and
more especially with the deserving, intelligent
and enterprising laborers, who are now saving
up money and reaping the rewards of tneir
daily industry under the benign, salutary and
fostering support ol the American Whig Tariff
ot 1842.
There are something like thirty Cast Iron
Fonnderies, and about thirty Machinists es
tablished in this City with a substantial capi
tal, employing some four thousand hands. I
observed in some of these factories work finish
ed and finishing for Greece, Egypt and oilier
parts of Turkey, and many other foreign king
doms. The work is of lhe finest order, and
some ot it the most complex and difficult of me
chanism. Messrs. Hoe &Co., who are carry
ing on an extensive business in the manufacture
of Printing Presses, and who supply almost the
entire country, have a number ot orders from
the Canadas, British West Indies and South
America. They have orders which will take
them 8 or 10 months to fill. They likewise
manufacture saws for mills, and cutlasses for
cutting down the Sugar Cane, a vast number of
which are sent to Cuba, South America, Texas,
Louisiana and the South generally. There are
many native Virginians who are owners of, and
laborers in these factories, who had to leave
their own native soil on account of the cursed
political atmo-pliere which surrounded them,
and have fled here to seek and enjoy that which
was denied them at home. There are more
than four hundred native Virginians who learn
ed their trades in our old State, now living in
the cities of Pittsburg and Cincinnati, who
have taken with them their skill, capital and
labor, and who are now owners of, or actively
engaged in manufactories as operatives. They
have left behind with us, the empty headel
political brawling demagogue, as a disgusting
slangwbanger and libeller, to occupy land
where the spinning jennies, steam engines,
factories ofevety kind and grade, furnaces and
rolling mills should cluster in our cities and
towns, on our river courses and streams in the
plains and valleys, on our own hills and moun
tain tops, to make up lhe fires of industry, draw
forth the magnificent resources embedded in the
earth, animating the people to energetic action,
and to animate the renown ot a State boast
ing to be “great glorious and free.”
Consumption of Iron is England.—Extract
from a I iter .n the American Railroad Journal
ol July 24, iroi.t Gerald Ralston, of London :
“ You have Llready published in your Rail
way Journal the la ?t that one house in Walker,
near Newcastle, is building fifteen iron ships
(lor sails) for colliers, andl have to inform you
that one ship-building house he.-c, employs no
thing but iron, and that they have on tbeir
stocks constantly seven iron steamers, and as
last as one is launched another ts commenced
on lhe ways she has just left. This, house had
on their books orders for eighty-three steamers
a few months ago; how many they have now I
know not, but probably many more, asthe popu.
larity of iron as a material tor building vessels
is constantly increasing. The number of iron
vessels building by other houses in London, be
sides Hull, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Leith, Dundee,
Aberdeen, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, &c.
would really surprise you it I had time to col
lect the tacts on thissubject. The consumption
ol iron for house-building, particularly f?r roofs,
floors, joists, columns, window-sills and shutters,
and other parts of houses, is very rapidly in
creasing, and 1 will mention a fact lo illustrate
this. 1 took some American friends, a short
time ago, to the engineering eslab ishmem of
Sir John Rennie, to see nine pairs ofhuge gates
intended tor the locks ofthe dock ol the great
Government naval station of Sebastipole, in
South Russia. These gatesol course consisted
of cast iron ribs and ties, and the filling up was
of wrought (boiler) iron, and were 64 leet broad
by 32 leet high, and each gate weighing nearly
liX) tons, making 1,800 tons of iron lor these
eighteen gates. 1 should weary von were 1 to
continue to relate facts to show the greatly in
creased consti in ption of iron because itischeap.
It will be so in our country also it we reduce
the price, and the iron-masters in lhe United
Stateswill be more profited by selling 1,000 tons
at SSO perton than by selling 500 tons at $75
per ton. Nothing stimulates the consumption
so much as low prices, and nothing checks it so
much as high prices.”
A magnificent engine has just been put
on the Long Island Road. Il was built by
Hinckley & Drury, Boston, and it is lhe large-t
one ever built in this country for passenger
trains. Its weight, in running trim, is 17 tons.
It has 4 driving wheels of a little more than 6
feet diameter. The boiler cylinder is 40 inches
diameter—number of lubes, 121—diameter 1}
inches, and 10 feet and 8 inches in length. Cy
liniiertlj inches, with 21 inch stroke. Cost of
the engines7,soo. Mr. Drurv calculates that,
with an ordinary train, it will easily run 40
miles an hour, and if ‘put upon its metal/GO
miles. It is named “ The Boston,” —N. Y. Tri
bune.
S
Thb GhSEail —TheCarolinian of the
7ih inst sayWVe iindeistatji the Charleston '
Rail has acceded to the re
quest of thftit Master Genetal, and will 1
delay the d«(m of the cars for Hamburg
and ColumlOitjl 1 o’clock P. M., lor the ,
purpose of ifitrdjttg |bc Great Mail. It is
also said thMig Company is now purchasing .
in New YotL.ge engines to run throWh in
5 hours.
The Utrt'v’jSs'Ai'es and Mexico.—The
Washingt4 Lion ol Friday, in alluding to
the recent wake news irom Mexico, says:—
” Upon the wits', we are still inclined to believe
that the chafe-are .against war wi'h the
United Stalewtfut we repeat, who can decide
in the mldst«S>'revDluticD, where instability
marks the ol an unsteady, excited, and
clamorous (like the mobot the capital.)
whether we'all sword or the olive
branch? ' of uncertainty and
fluctuation, may hold the elements
ot peace or wafti ; and we should be
inclined to fiik.intaresis would prompt
her to employ it?. Mexico ip
Alabama Ewrioji.—f he following returns, '
contained in •iostscripl o! the Columbus En- '
quirer, are alJ’llßt have come to hand oi the
election in Affaltia. The contest for Govern- ,
or is the regular nominatec and
Marlin, the ißKtendetit candidate
RussEr.ttlouNTY.— f\>r Governor.
Martin,
JFor Congress.
Hilliard, Whig 706 | Cochran, Dem., 602
j Legislature.
Long. Whig,! 684 I Porter, Dein., 665
Barnett, “ -? 671 | Holland, ind. W. 497
Reported miority in Macon countyfor Hil
liard, 500. ,
Democratic Assertion.
The followng paragraphs we find going the
rounds amonjsome ofthe democratic papers;
“ Let it be emembered that lhe public debt
under Gov. Cawford has increased over,
One Hundssd & Ten Thousand Dollars.
“ Let it be rtnembered that the Penitentiary,
under the adninistration of Gov. Crawford, has
been an annud expense to the State, of over
Thih'lßßN Thousand Dollars.
“ Let it be that the Whig Legis
lature ot 18®, exceeded in expenditures the
Democratic Legislature of 1842, of ever
Fifty-Eight Thousane Dollars.”
If these thilgs be true, it would be an easy
matter to pro’e them by the record; the produc
tion of which would go much farther to satisfy
an intelligentpublic, than broad assertion un
supported by any testimony. The friends of
Governor Crawford desire and challenge the
most serutiniiing investigation ot his adminis
tration, but tley expect those who make char
ges, such as ihe above, to sustain them by testi
mony, and tie people of Georgia will be equally
clamorous for the testimony, before they can be
induced to believe any such assertions. Let,
then, those who have published these things,
produce ihe evidence of their truth, ere they
hope that any intelligent man of their own party
will give them credence.
Georgia Rail Road.-—The Decatur Watch
man of the 7th inst. says:—The superstructure
of the Georgia Rail Road is now being laid im
mediately opposite this place. Lookout lor a
smoke and a.great noise. Decatur will soon he
a— "sea port.'’ Cotton buyers are here—new •
tas££lMM«Si.Bre coming in eory
dare sava word against the growrfiot this beau
tiful, pleasant, healthy village.
Great Fire at St. Johns, N. B.—A great fire
took place at St. Johns, N. 8., on the evening
of the 29th ult., which destroyed about 45 build
ings, mostly wooden, and property estimated at
about £60,000.
Jj* A company has been formed at Ports
mouth, N. H., who intend erecting a steam cot
ton factory to run twenty thousand spindles.
It isto be put under contract immediately.
Texas Packets.—A regular line of packets
is advertised at New York to commence tun
ning on the first of every month from the first
proximo—consisting of the following vessels,
ships Star, Republic, brigs Empire, G B. Lamar
and Mary.
Weather, Crops, &c.
The following items of intelligence in refe
rence to the prospects of the growing crops in
Georgia, &c., are not without interest to every
reader:
O’The Marietta Helicon oi the 6th inst.
says:—Flour, corn meal and bacon will com
mand almost any price in this market. We
have had no rain tor three long, long weeks,
and the late corn crop will be almost entirely
cut off. The watercourses have all become so
low that the mills have ceased grinding, and un
less we have rain soon, or are supplied with
flour and meal Irom Tennessee, we w ill have to
do without. Poor conso' lion.
Seasons, Craps, d'C.—The Christian index,
published at Penfield, Greene co., saw —We
have, at last, been favored with refreshing
showers, but they have come too late -or the
corn crops. Several fatmets in this region have
cut down a large portion of their corn for fodder.
The rain in lhe vicinity of Augusta was more
copious than with us We are informed that
in some parts of our State com has sold for $2
per bushel. As the wheat crops were good, we
hope the short crop of corn will be felt less se
verely.
Q-The Decatur Watchman of the 7th inst.
says:—The drought in this vicinity is again
becoming very alarming. Corn crops are lite
rally drying up In the field and no symptoms of
rain has yet appeared.
The Weather, Crops, <f.c.— The Herald, pub
lished at Lafayette, Walker co., of 2d inst. says:
We have now dry weather, cool, very cool
mornings, so much so, in fact, that winter clo
thing and fire are not uncomfortable, Crops are
now suffering very much for rain, and late corn,
unless it rains ven soon, wilj be almost entire
ly cut off. I Ire pnSspect now, and two weeks
ago, is entirely different, then we thought, and
so stated, that so tar as our knowledge extended,
in the Cherokee country an average cropol corn
would be raised, and could we have had a rain
a week ago, such would have been the case,
but the rain we have not had and are not likely
to have soon, however if it rains no more during
the season there will be plenty of grain raised
forthe consumntion of the conntrv.
The growing Crop of Georgia. —The Colum
bus Enquirer of the 4th inst. «ays :—We have
heretofore refrained from saying a word in rela
tion to the growing crop of Georgia, because
we have had no certain and satisfactory data to
justify our opinion, until now. Oneot the most
intelligent, and observing planters in Georgia,
has recently made a circuit of some three hun
dred miles, a portion of it through the very heart
ofthe State, and has made to us a most deplora
ble statement as to the prospect of the corn crop.
He gives it as his opinion, and it is entitled io
the utmost reliance, the com crop will fall short
ow-ha'f of what it was last year, if not more
This, we believe will be the result throughout
Georgia—and the greatest eernurmy and liberality
mustbe exercised to prevent much suffering, or
evils of greater magnitude.
The cotton crop is in n. precarious state, and
there is not the slightest prospect of an average
crop in this State. A lew days more will seal
its fate. The failure of lhe cotton crop, will
greatly aggravate the sufferings of the people
ot Georgia.
A Great Business. —The Reading Journal
states, that on Tuesday last there passed down
lhe Reading Railroad twelve hundred and thirty
four ,-mts laden with coal—averaging four and a
half tons each—making the aggregate jf”* thou
sand five hundred and Ufty-three tons of coal, all
passed over the road from one end to the other
in a single day.— This is said to be the largest
amount of coal ever taken over the road in ore
day since it has been in operation.
The first'private library in England is said to
have been formed about 1341 by Richard de
Bttrv, Chancellor and High Treasurer. He
purchased thirty or forty volumes ol the Abbot
of St. Albans for fifty lbs. weight in silver.
The Library of the British Museum at Lon
don, and the Bodleian library at Oxford, con
tain together about a million of volume*.
For the Chronicle if- Sentinel.
The Pettifogger Caught and Exposed.
Mr. Editor:—Expressive is the adage that
says, “Drowning men will catch at straws;”
and never was its figurative truth moreslriking
ly exemplified than in the manner which the
flimsy productions published in the Constitu
tionalist under the signature ol “Piney Woods,”
have been puffed and endorsed by that paper,
and puffed and republished by others. In puffing
and endorsing these tissues of feckless assertion,
pretended lo have been fairly taken from public
documents, the editor of the Constitutionalist
must have taken much for granted. If he had
examined and compared for himself—l do not
know whether he would have endorsed them or
not.
In the Constitutionalist of the slh inst. Mr.
“ Piney Woods,” with the characteristic pom
posity of a scrub lawyer, makes most pitiful in
sinuations, in hisusual pettitoggingstyle, against
Gov. Crawfbrd, and at length concludes by a
mbst ridiculous charge, which I shall not wait
lor “Schoolmaster” to expose. To hold this
scribbler upto the scorn of honorable men, is
so easy a task, that the “ Old Schoolmaster”
himself will excuse me for taking the rod out
... of
and impudent boy at school, with whom it is
too often the case, that when theteacher, byway
of encouraging him to say his lessons without hesi
tation, happens to praise him, it will not be long
before the ferule will be necessary to check the
effect ot lhe encouragement. In other words,
“It you give him an inch he’ll take an ell.”
I shall proceed directly to the charge made by
"Piney Woods” against Gov. Crawford. But
that no possible unfairness may be supposed,
even in dealing with this common garbler, 1
have to request that you will publish his piece
in the Chronicle, that your readers out of Au
gusta may have a proper understanding of the
subject.
“ Piney Woods,” suspecting that some unplea
sant comparisons between Gov. McDonald and
Gov. Crawford might be made under this head, as
under others, very Quixotically supposes an at
tack, and very heroically defends it. In passing, I
will only say, on this point, that the law did not
prohibit Gov. McDonald from paying the teach
ers of poor children; that, at least, he might
have paid those of 1842. In the year 1843 he
received SIOI,OOO from the Federal Govern
ment formilitary claims; for fees on land grants
343,706—5ee Treasurer’s Report, 1843, p. 4 and
inasmuch as be did not pay a dollar of the pub
lic debt with thia money, it was by no means
unnatural to suppose that, as the representative
of a part} - which claims exclusive guardianship
of the poor, he would have distributed their pit
tance to “ this very worthy class of our citizens.'
. As to the contemptible insinuations about
Gov. C.'s “ commendable act” “ just before the
Governor’s election,” I will pass them with
this simple rustic remark —which, I doubt not,
he will most feelingly acknowledge—that “he
likes to measure other folk’s corn by his own
bushel.”
Mr. “Piney Woods” in his voluntary vindi
dication'of Gov. McDonald says, “ I now pro
pose to prove my assertion,” and proceeds to
quote from the laws ol 1843, page 44. It he had
quoted the whole clause to the first period, it
would have been by far too explanatory for his
purpose. By its reference to the act of
10th December, 1840, it would have appeared
as a Whig measure; and by its directing lhe
tepchers of the poor "to be paid out of the pro
■ie."3‘rrttiVT>rmirt.tiirrsMr ‘r.te State,”
it would have exposed the absurdity of his charge
to deserved contempt. Bur I will quote it for
him, and iel a discerning public compare the
extracts:
“Sec. 5. And be it enacted, &c., That lhe
Justices ofthe Inferior Courts ol each county,
shall, as soon as practicable, ascertain lheainount
due to teachers of poor children in their respec
tive counties for services rendered in the years
1842 and 1843, in strict, compliance with the act
assented to on the 10th December, 1840, regu
lating that subject, and report the same to his
Excellency the Governor, who shall cause the
same to be paid as soon as practicable out of the
proceeds of the sales of public lands that revert to
the State, which payments shall be made by the
agency of the Justices ofthe Inferior Courts in
the several counties.”
Now “ Piney Woods” says, with an appa
rent swell of importance, “ 1 now charge upon
Gov. Crawford, that he has been in legal pos
session ofthe claims oi those school teachers
that he proposes to pay in September, ever since
lhe first of’Nbtwaier, 1844, more than nine months
ago, and he has not paid them yet!”
On this point 1 am willing lo grant “ Piney
Woods” the subterfuge of ignorance —of dab
bling in matters he does not understand. He
has probably confounded the returns of amounts
due teachers of poor children fbr the years ’42 and
’43—and the returns of poor children for the year
1814. The latter returns were made, according
to law, by the Ist of November last, and the
dividends of certain bank stock (Act ’43, p. 43)
were distributed among the counties. But the
Executive order itself, referred lo by “Piney
Woods,” shows its object on ihe face of it, viz :
to induce those teachers to forward their ac
eovtnts to the Executive Department by the
month of September, 1845.
1 will now show that Gov. Crawford, during
his administration, has not had it in his power
lo pay the teachers of poor children lor the
years 1842 and 1843, and how he will obtain ihe
power hereafter. The whole amount due those
teachers throughout the State will probably not
be less than $30,000. The Governor is directed
to “ cause the same to be paid as soon as practicable
out of the proceeds of sales of public lands that re
vert to the Slate.’ ’
Until July, 1845, during the present adminis
tration, only about S6OOO had been received al
the Treasury for grant fees. On the "first of
November,” 1844, the grant fee was SISOO ; on
the Ist December #1000; on the Ist January,
1845, SSOO. (See Acts’43, p. 68.) It is hardly
nei&ssary forme to state that no land was grant
ed at these prices. On the Ist May ’45, the
gradual reduction reached $250. At this price
some twenty-five lots were granted. Since the
Ist July ’45, the price at the Treasury has been
SIOO. Al this price a few more than one hun
dred lots have been granted. In round numbers,
then, the proceeds ofthe sales of reverted lands,
now in the Treasury, amount to about $20,000.
After the Ist September, 1845, the reduction
will have reached $25. By the middle of that
month it is expected that those proceeds will
have sufficiently accumulated to enable the Go
vernor to pay the honest debts ofthe State, “due
this very worthy class of onr citizens.”
1 leave Mr. “ Piney Woods” to sound his
“ warning tocsin” to some other tune, and with
the help of “ his lynx-eyed vigilance,” to extri
cate himself Irom his dilemma.
He has charged Gov. C. with having been in
“ legal possession” ot claims (most ol which are
not yet rendered) “since the first of November,
1844”—and ii’t/A not having paid claims which
the law directed should only be paid out of a de
signated fund. As a tree is judged by its fruit,
so is a man judged by his wntmg.
PHILO, Jr.
From the Constitutionalist, of sth inst.
Gov. Crawford and the Poor School Fund.
“ 1 have seen a not ice that lhe present admin
istration has issued an order to pay off during
tbe month ot September next, the debts due to
teachers of Poor Children, which were contrac
ted in 1842 and 1843. These debts ought to
have been paid by the last administration, as
under it they were made. We shall see how
much will be paid; and it is hoped that my
teaching brethren will receive full compensa
tion fbr their laborious duties, aftertwo or three
years’ trust. SCHOOL MASTER.”
The above is the last paragraph in the com-
munication of the “(SfcAtwtlAfcMZer.” There ap
pears to be more expressed in it than at first
meets the eye. And whether Gov. Crawford
will thank the writer for proving too much, or
not, is a matter that I leave the flatterer and
jlatlcree to determine themselves. Gov. Craw
ford will have been in office in ‘‘St plember
next” fwenfy-iwre tßvrn'Az/ And Governor Craw
ford’s benevolence for Poor School teachers
will evince itself twenty-two months after his
election! This will be a very commendable
acton the part of Gov. Crawford, and, iusl be
fore the Governor's election, will doubtless con
tribute to obtain for him a few votes? Is that the
policy? Can there be any other? Ifthedebtsdue
to the teachers of Poor Schools were just, why
were they not paid long ago? Why pay the debts
of the Penitentiary, and allow the teachers to
wait until the eve of the general election? Can
the teachers be blinded by so shallow an artifice
as this? Whatever amount of money be due
to this very worthy class of our citizens, in the
name of reason let them be paid, and promptly,
but let it not come in the shape ot justice a tew
days before an important election.
But, perhaps, it maybe Raid, that Gov. Mc-
Donald ought to have paid those debts. Let
us examine this matter. 1 assert then, that Gov.
McDonaldkncw comparatively nothing about
the existence ofthose demands, and now 1 pro
pose to prove my assertion. I reler to the
Public Laws of 1843, page 44, section 5: “The
Justices oi the Inferior Courts of each county,
shall ascertain the amount due to teachers of
poor children in their respective counties, for
services rendered in ibe t ears 1842 and 1843,”
and report the same to ihe Governor. Why
should those reports be made to lhe Governor,
if he was already in possession of them? If
they were notin the Executive office when Gov.
Crawfbrd took his position there, how could
Governor McDonald know any thing about
them? Why call upon the Justices of the
Inferior Courts to ascertain the amounts?—
Simply because nothing was known in relation
to those debts in 1843—then with what color of
truth or propriety, can “ School Master” assert
that “ those debts ought to have been paid under
the last administration?
I now charge upon Gov. Crawford, that he has
been in legal possession of the claims ot those
school teachers, that he proposes to pay in Sep
tember, ever since the first ot November, 1844,
more than nine months ago, and he has not paid
them yet!—Will he, with the subtlety ol the
lawyer, assert that the law did not compel him
to pay them at an earlier day ? If so, I reply,
that the law did not. prohibit him from paying
them.
Is it right that those school teachers should be
compelled to wait until the election times come
on before they get their money? Isthat another
of the many beautiful specimens of whig finan
ciering?
The manner in which this contemplated dis
tribution in September will be effected demands
the attention ofthe people oi Georgia. How is
it to be done ? “ The money will be paid to any
person presenting a certified copy ot an order
of the Inferior Court authorizing such pay
ment.” This maybe a matter that may, tn
some cases, be carried out in corruption and ty
ranny. 1 sound the warning tocsin in time, and
call upon my democratic friends throughout the
State to watch with lynx-eyed vigilance the dis
tribution ot this poor school fund in September.
Let not tbe purity ofthe elective franchise be
stained by any improper use or control of this
fund. It is the hard-earned reward ofthe teach
ers of poor children, and its payment should in
no case be abused. PINEY WOODS.
Dreadtul Shipwreck of a Duteh Indlaman.
The following account of a most appalling
shipwreck, is taken from the Liverpool Mail ot
July 19, brought by the Cambria steamer. We
hope, for the honor of our seamen and the cause
of humanity, no American vessel has been
guilty of the conduct attributed in one of the
paragraphs which follow:
A shipwreck was on Thursday made known
at Lloyd’s, by the arrival of the ship Chance,
from Sydney, having on board a portion of the
crew of a Dutch Indiaman, named John Hen
rick, H. W. Edkelcubury, master, which was
totally lost, together with twenty-three lives,
on the rocks forming St. Paul’s Island, on
the morning of the 29th of last May, while pro
ceeding on a voyage from Amsterdam to Bata
via.
On the night ut the 2nd ot June, the crew ot
the Chance were anxious to ascertain whether
such rocks as arc laid down in the chart, as
forming St. Paul’s Island, 45 miles north of the
equator, and 29 degrees west, are really to be
seen, as many doubts prevail as to their exis
tence. At eight o’clock they discerned them,
ana the captain observed tt.rough a glass a
Dutch ensign flying from a spar on the island.
He ordered the pinnace to proceed to their as
sistance, which, on reaching lhe shore, found2o
poor creatures lying about exhausted, and appa
rently dying.
The boat not being able to take them all off,
the captain, the chief officer, steward, carpenter,
two seamen and three apprentice boys were first
rescued, the remainder being assured by the
boat’s party that they would return as quickly
as possible and preserve them also. Every ex
pedition was used, but in the meanwhile a sharp
breeze had sprung up, setting in a tremendous
swell to the westward. The pinnace and the
long-boat (which had also been sentjkept beat
ing about for full five hours to regain it; and it
appearing evident that if they kept out much
later they would be swept away by the strong
tide, they returned to the ship, having been una
ble to render the slightest assistance to those
unhappy fellows left on the desolate spot. It
being probable that the gale might in some mea
sure abate, he kept beating about forthe island,
as impossible to anchor, there being no sound
ings, for ten entire days; having seen nothing
of the poor creatures, (who by that time must
have perished from the intense heat and the
want ot water and food, he sailed for England,
his own provisions by that time becoming also
very short.
On questioning those whom he had saved he
learned that they belonged to the Indiaman in
question; that on the morning of the 29th or
May she was running under a press ot sail
when, at three o’clock, the watch on deck de
scried the rocks ahead, so close as to make it
impossible to clear them. The helm Was in
stantly put down, but almost at lhe same instant
the ship struck and the succeeding wave pitched
her on her beams ends. Every endeavor was
instantly made to get herofl’, all her rigging and
masts were cut away in order to lighten her,
but to no avail, as the sea kept dashing her
against the rocks with terrific force, her timbers
gradually parting. Thelossofthe ship being
then inevitable the captain succeeded in reach
ing the rocks with a line, and secured it round
one of the loftiest cliffs, in effecting which he
was no less than seven times swept down the
rock, frightlully lacerating his body. The line
being also made last to the wreck the greater
part of lhe crew contrived to haul themselves
upon the island by it. Four brave fellows at
tempted to land in a boat with the ship’s papers
and some provisions, but on nearing the breakers
a tremendous sea capsized ihe boat and they all
perished.
On assembling on the Irightlu) spot on which
thev had been cast, and which presented not the
remotest chance ot escape, certain starvation
stared them in the face. Ot wearing apparel
they had saved none, save the few drenched tat
tered rags that covered them; and of food, all
thev could rescue from lhe wreck was a cask of
butter, a cask of flour, a small biscuit and small
keg of gin. Immediately under the line ex
posed to a burning tropical sun, and not having
a particle of waler to quench their thirst, their
acute suffering under such circumstances can
be well conceived. The heat was scorching,
and they could only allay it by wading in the sea
up to lhe chin, and thus remainingthe whole of
the day. At night the spirits was distributed
among them, the single biscuit was broken Up
and divided equally, and then they commenced
scouring the rocks, in the hopes of finding far
ther food. They succeeded in gaining a few
wild fowl and eggs, with the latter ot which
they managed to appease their hunger, but for
want of water they were almost driven to mad
ness.
On the third dav, to their great joy a vessel
bearing American colors hove in sight in the
offing. They hoisted lhe signal of distress on
lhe spar, and in order to make doubly sure, the
mate, seven seamen and a passenger put off in
the only boatthey bad been enabled to save, with
a s t all piece of wood to pa.ldle along, lhe oars
being lost, to the approaching ship. Perhaps,
however, it con.d scarcely be credited that, al
though the American must have seen them, she
pissed, quite unheeding their awlul condition,
and was not seen afterwards. The poor crea
tures in the boat then strove their utmost to re
gain the island; the current was too strong ior
them and they were speedily out of sight.
That they perished long ere this there can be
no doubt. They had not lhe slightest provision
with them; no compass and no oars; the near
est place being Cape Roque—more than U.K)
tnilesdistant. Thesufferingsof those lefton the
rocks, on nerceiving tbe fate ot those in the boat,
wers ten-fold, and on the fourth day they gave
themselves up to death. They were rapidly
sinking from the effects of the heal. On the
morning of the fifth day the Chance hove in
si°ht, and, as before stated, saved seven. > lie
ill-fated Indiaman belonged to Rotterdam, and
was of 800 tons burden. She was a new ship
and had only been built about two months pre
vious to her loss.
£> There arrived at the city of New York,
from foreign ports, daring the month ot July
just ended 13,585 passengers.
MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 11.
Sale of the Monroe Rail Road, Georgia.
—A letter from Macon, dated 6th inst., states
that, on the day before, the Monroe Rail Road
was sold at auction in that city, by order of
Court al 3155,100. It was bid off by J. Cowles,
it is understood one half on account of parties
in New York, and the balance for citizens of
Macon.
The Washington Union says:—We under
stand that Maj. Donelson has. in all human
probability, completed his great task, and is
anxious to return home. He has asked per
mission to leave Texas, and letters of recall
have been sent to him. In fact, it is not easy to
perceive tbe necessity of sending a new Charge
to the United States, as President Jones pro
poses.
The Methodist Church, Sguth.—The Cin
cinnati Herald says that there has lately been
some agitation in the Methodist E. Church in
that city, with a view to the establishment ol a
Church to be connected with the Southern or
ganization, To what extent lhe agitation has
gone, we are not informed.
The Cincinnati Times of Wednesday says—
“ Last Monday night, a meeting was held at
the Wesley Chapel, l>
are told, being to recognize the Southern
organization as legitimate, and exprdks an
opinion in favor of an equitable division ofthe
church property. Mr. Spencer (the Mayor)
presided. Considerable excitement was mani
fested from time to time during the meeting.—
The resolutions introduced in accordance with
the object t f the meeting, were so amended as
to express no opinion about the Southern or
ganization, or a division ofthe properly, but to
leave the whole question to the proper tribunal;
and then passed by what is said to be an over
whelming majority. If our information be cor
rect, the vote was understood to be decisive
against the sympathisers with the Church
South.”
A large sugar refinery, to cost about $50,000,
is now in course of erection at St. Louis.
Capt.Voorhees Again.—A New-York paper
states that a Naval Court Martial convened on
Tuesday morning, on board the U. S. ship
North Carolina, in that harbor. It is the same
court—Commodore Downes, presiding—which
tried Capt. Voorhees on Hie second set of charges
preferred against him. The sentence and pa
pers have been sent back to the court for revision,
and the court ordered to re-assemble there in
stead ol at Washington.
Destructive Fire.— Loss of Life. — A disas
trous tire occurred at Zenia, Ohio, on the 3d
inst., which destroyed several stores and pro
perty valued at #20,000. One of the stores was
supposed to have been fired by burglars, after
being robbed, and two young men, clerks, mur
dered while asleep in the store.
Fire in Albany.—Several buildings on Park
and Eagle streets, occupied as dwelling houses,
were destroyed by fire on Monday evening, and
according to the Evening Journal, nothing but
the perfect calmness ot the night prevented a
destructive conflagration.
Remains of Daniel Boone.—We copy lhe
following from the Frankfort (Ky.) Common
wealth :
The remains of Daniel Boone and wile were
brought to Frankfort on the 23d July, under the
care of Col. William Boone, ofShelby county,
lhe oldest surviving nephew ot the deceased,
and Messrs. Thos. L. Crittenden and Philip
Swigert, of this place. These gentlemen visi
ted Missouri as a committee tor that purpose,
being charged, by the Frankfort Cemetery com
pany, with the patriotic duty of removing to the
land of their early vicissitudes and trials, the re
mains ol these noble and fearless pioneers.
Their history is known to the world. They
wete the first white male and female that ever
trod the “dark and bloody ground;” and their
early adventures, indomitable perseverance,
unswerving patriotism, and pure and spotless
lives are indissolubly interwoven in the early
tradition of our State.
The term Whig—its Revival.
Extract from a speech delivered in the Senate
ofthe United States in the year 1833, by John
C. Calhoun.
I cannot but remark that the revival of the
parly names of the Revolution, after they had so
long slumbered, is not without meaning— not
without an indication of a return to those
principles which lie at the foundation of our
liberty.
Gentlemen ought to reflect that the extensive
and sudden revival of these names (WHIG and
TORY) could not be without some adequate
cause. Names are not to be taken or given at
pleasure; there must be something to cause their
application to adhere. If I remember rightly,
it was Augustus, in all the plenitude of his
povrer, who said that he found it impossiblejto
introduce a new word. What, then, is that
something? What is there in the meaningjot
WHIG and TORY, and what in the character
of the times which has caused their sudden
revival, ns parly designations, at this time? I
take it that the very essence of toryistn—that
which constitutes a tory —is to sustain preroga
tive against privilege; to support the Executive
against the Legislative department of the
Government, and to lean to the side of power
against the side of liberty; while the Whig is
in all these particulars of the very opposite
principles. These are the leading characteristics
ofthe respective parlies, Whig and Tory, and
run through their application in all the variety
of circumstances in which they have been ap
plied either in this country or Great Britain.
Correspondence of the Phila. North American.
New York, Aug. 4—P. M.
The weather has grown warm again, and the
mercurj nearly as high as in the early part of
July, but does not cause quite so much remark,
people having become acclimated.
Deaths in this city, during the last week, 226.
The English steamer, the cause of so much
remark and unfounded stories, has cleared this
morning for Halifax, where she will remain as
before, the reserve boat of the Conard line.
Twelve banks ofthe city, including many of
the heaviest, have made their quarterly report,
the footingsot which are as follows:
Loans, $23,666,934; Circulation #3,120,283;
Specie, $5,016,188; Deposits, #12,852,414;
showing an increase ot $695,011 in specie,
$541,031 in loans, and a decrease of $88,473 in
circulation, and $92,972 of deposits, and mak
ing the banks on these four items 81,417,487
better off than on the Ist of May.
From the Columbus Enquirer.
Fire in Hamilton.—The following intelli
gence is communicated by a gentleman in
Hamilton to his friend in this city :
“Hamilton, August Ist, 1845.
“Yestereay afternoon, about 3 o’clock, the
entire town of Hamilton came very near being
destroped by Fire. It originated in Col. W. C.
Osborn’s Hotel, which was burnt down in the
space of half an hour. It was communicated
to the northeast corner, occupied as a -Store,
which was also burnt down—most ofthe goods,
by great exertions, were saved. The owner
savstheloss, in goods, will not exceed SSOO or
8600. Also another store, occupied by a Dutch
man, was burnt down—goods nearly all saved.
“ The Court House was on fire several
times, but bv breaking through the ceiling,
shingles, &c„ it was saved. Mr. Switzer s Ho
tel which is on ihe southeast corner, miracu
lonsly escaped. Many other houses were seve
ral times on fire, but persons being kept con
stantly on top ot them prevented the destruction
of the whole town. The Clay Pole look fire
about half way up, and was cut down to pre
vent further damage.
Seven buildings were burnt down—loss esti
mated at SIO,OOO orsl2,ooo—Col. Osborn prin
cipal loser; he having lost in addition to his
Tavern, a large amount of furniture, mostly
very fine. The weather was very warm and
dry. No accident occurred daring the excite
ment. ”
The Paris correspondent ofthe Boston Atlas
says—
‘‘The Royal Priming Office, which already
possesses founts oftype in upwards of a hundred
languages, twenty ot them oriential dialects,
has added the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Attempts to re-produce them typographically
have been made several limes in England and
Germany, but relinquished on account ot the
differences ol size. M. Dubois has succeeded
triumphantly, and furnished drawings for a fount
of 1500 characters, 900 of which are already
cast. ”
VOL.IX.-NO. 33.
From the N. O. Picayune, slh inst.
Rumors of War—Late from Mexico.
By the arrival of the Mexican schooner Re
lampago we have Vera Cruz dates up to the 23a
ult, her day of sailing.
Among the passengers by the R. was Senor
Arrangoiz, brother ot the Mexican Consul here,
and Mr. Mackay, an American. Tbe latter
brought despatches tar the Hon. Mr. Buchanan
from Mr. Dimond, U. S. Consul at Vera Cruz,
which were sent on to Washington yesterday
by mail.
War against the United States had not been
declared when the Relampago sailed. It was
expected that the mail which arrived the pre
vious day would bring the intelligence, but if II
did it had not publicly transpired at
Cruz. That it must be declared, however, was
the genetal opinion, and we learn verbally that
the Government oi Mexico is making strenu
ous exertions to borrow $12,000,000 to carry
it on. Perhaps the English bondholders in
London would like lhe job oi lending this
money !
Vera Cruz was said to be very healthy.—
They were landing shot and shells from the
Castle of San Juan de Ulna on the wharves
ot the former, as was said from fear that the
castle might fall into lhe hands of the United
States.
The only American merchant vessels at
Vera Cruz wire the Ann Louisa, to sail for
New York on the 30th ult., and the Water
W itch, to sail for this port on the 26th. By UW? ...
laHer we shall soon receive further intelligence.
There were two French, one English, and one IR
Spanish rnen of war at Vera Cruz when the
Relampago sailed, but no American Some of ,
they were talking of moving them to some
place. iS
As regards a declaration of war on the part of;M
Mexico, to our minds nothing seems more ■
probable. Such a course is necessary to the "
political existenceolkOmv, >o iiie J
vanity of others, and to give a third class a bet
ter chance to rob the public chest than they now
enjoy. The ignorant masses, unconscious of
the inevitable defeat that awaits them from lack
of knowledge of their own resources and those
of their adversaries, join in the hostile hue and
and cry. A two years’ war, it it could be pro
tracted that length, might be ot immense ser
vice in the long run to Mexico, io opening the
eyes ofthe ini abitants to their true condition.
In the meantime, the course of the United
States is simple enough. Every protection to
its own citizens should be given on land and
water—this is a first duty. In the second
place, a sufficiency of Mexican territory should
at once be taken possession of to pay all the
expenses oi a war they have foolishly brought
upon their own heads, and such territory should
be held until the claim is settled to the last frac
tion.
N. B.—Since the above was written, we have
received full files, of El Veracruzano Libre.
The editor of that print, in his paper ofthe 16th
ult., is in a most terrible rage at the audacity of
the United States. The piracy committed by
annexing Texas he thinks places the indepen
dence of Mexico in imminent danger—by rob
bing her of an important part of her territory
we have advanced another step on the road to
perfidy and injustice. We have, in his opinion,
after laughing at the solemn protests of Mexi
co. finally thrown down the glove, and no other
course is now left for his countrymen than to
settle the question at the point of the sword, and
to shed the very last drop of blood in defence of
the honor and integrity of the territory. He ad
mits that Mexico is inferior tothe United States
in power; but the former, he thinks, has jus
tice on her side, and Providence mocks at
strength when a nation is fighting in a good
cause. Such is the general tenor of the article:
we give the last paragraph entire, which is as
follows:
“Mexicans! to arms I The common enemy,
taking advantage of our disunion, menaces us,
and is even now al the gates ot the Republic.
In the name of independence, in the name of
Mexican liberty, fly to inflict upon them the most
exemplary chastisement, and God save the na
tion I”
We believe that this editor is in the habit ot
talking at random and almost any way. If we
mistake not, his paper, during the revolution
last fall, contained a most lulsome panegyric of J
Santa Ana in the morning, calling him not only J
the father, but the saviour ot his country, a se- J
cond Napoleon, and all that sort ol thing. Itvjj
tbe afternoon, hearing that affairs had takenOj
sudden turn against the tyrant, he changed bia V
tone by issuing an extra heaping upon him 1
every vile epithet the Mexican language so |
much abounds in.
Two light shocks of earthquakes were left at
Vera Cruz on the 13th ult., and between them
came a severe tempest of rain.
We do not find another item of importance
in the Veracruzano. The following extract of
a letter, which has been kindly furnished us by
a commercial house in this city, we publish as
throwing additional light upon movements in
Northeastern Mexico:
Matamoros, July 17, '45.
I write you again thus soon, fearing that war
will be declared by Mexico against the United
States, and all communication interrupted for
some time. From the present manifestation of
feelingtowards Americans we tear we maybe
expelled from the country at fitteen days’ notice,
in which case I shall have the pleasure of Me-
Ing you much sooner than 1 expected, although
at a grievous loss in a pecuniary point of view.
By the present treaty between the U. States and
Mexico, we are permitted to remain six months
to settle up our business affairs, but I am appre
hensive they will pay no regard to it. Troops
are approaching this place from various quar
ters, and not a single doubt remains in my mind
of the intentions of this Government to declare
war, allhough it will be impossible for them to
push it with vigor, or the least prospect of suc
cess. Should they, however, be supplied with
the requisite funds by England, although they
may be unable to make any powerful demon
stration on the other side of the Rio Grande,
their national obstinacy will induce them to de
fer tor a long time any approaches towards a
peace forleiting their alleged rights to lhe State
of Texas.
From Ikr N. Y. Sun.
From the African Colonies.—lntereaUng
and Important—Piracy by a Brltl«h Com
mander*
We have our regular files from Monrovia,
Liberia, to the 10th of June inclusive.
The British authorities persist in their hos
tilities to our colonies. The only vessel be
longing to the colony ofCassa Cove, the schooner
John Seys, has been seized by the British man
of-war Lily, and conveyed to Sierra Leone to
be sold as a prize! She belonged to Stephen A.
Benson, and was engaged in the coast trade
when seized, 15th of April. The officer in charge
of her at the time of seizure, requested the Bri
tish commander to respect the colonial flag, to ,
which he replied:
“ 1 don’t recognize your colors; you are no
nation; neither are you under the patronage ol
any nation. The authorities that granted your
papers is not a recognized one; and what right
has the d d Yankees to place colonies on the
coast any how? Your colors 1 deem good tor
nothing. ,
This is a heartless outrage upon a feeble
colony, but in keeping with the infamous char
acter of English policy. One of the crew of the
John Seys is missing, and is supposed to have
been murdered by the official pirate belonging
to Her Britannic Majesty’s ship Ltllv. Ihe
object ot the seizure appears to be the destruc
tion of Capt. Benson’s palm oil trading posts
along the coast, so as lo divert the’ >? de from
American to British vessels. The British offi
cers rifled the J. S. ol the most valuable articies
on board.
The Colonies are generally prosperous.—
Governor Russwurm has visited an interior
tribe of natives at Dena, about thirty or forty
miles due east from Cape Palmas. He made a
treaty ol peace with them, which was duly rati
fied by “spewing water," which is the form of
oath observed by the Dena people. The cove
nant is performed by the chiefs of the contending
tribes after the palaver is talked, which is a
kind of court held by all the head men, kings,
chiefs, and all who have any influence. There
is a bowl of water prepared; the king which ap
pears to be the most willing to make peace, first
dips his hands in the water, and, after slightly
washing his hands, he fills his mouth and spits
it out on the ground a few times, and spits the
last time he fills his mouth, the whole mouthful
into the hands of the other kind, who sits before
him while he performs the act. This being
done by the kings, peace is made throughout
the tribe or nation. The Governor succeeded
in getting a peace of thissort made between the
Dena and the Cape Eplmas people, there being
one of the very influential men front Cape Pal
mas in the company.
The Dena King expressed a wish to have
missionaries and teachers in his country, and
arrangements were in progress to gratify thia
laudable desire. His country is very fertile,
and is the key to interior tribes ot great power
and influence, inhabiting a celebrated part ol
Central Africa, known amongthe natives as the
“ long bush” country.
Africa’s Luminary gives cheering accounts
of progressive civilization and Christianity.—
Wars have measureably ceased to aeitate the
natives. So powerful is the influence ot the
colonies that a pacific policy is spreading far
and wide, and petitions for missionaries and
teachersare pouring in from the kings and ehlett
in every direction. A wish to learn the English
language, or “God Palaver,” is becoming uni-