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Wsi .a I>,si aa ’ ■ F IZIZZZZ x? 4-1 'Zi
OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
II PUBLISHED DAILY, TBI-WF.RKLY, AND WEEKLY
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for 85.
Ten subscribers, one year, for 920 00
Tri-Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Hally paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an orderforthe
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper willbediseontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 15
Departure or the Mexican Consul.—The
N. O. Bee ofthe 9th inst., contains the follow
ing address of the Mexican Consul to his coun
trymen in America.
Mexican Consulate, )
New Orleans, August Btb, 1845, J
By order of His Excellency the President of
the Republic, 1 inform the Mexican citizens re
, siding in the United States, that his Excellency
has determined tbal this Consulate be closed,
aa.i dial I return toMexico, taking with me its
WF*" i F. DE ARR.A NGOIZ, Consul.
The Tropic of the same date says, although
Senor Arangoiz has closed his business here,
and leaves in obedience to instructions from his
government, the period o( his departure was
left wholly' to his own discretion. The instruc
tions to him were predicated, not upon a decla
ration of war, but upon the present unsettled
relations between the two countries. We un
derstand that he leaves at this time in order
to avoid the gales that usually occur in Septem
ber.
Things at Washington.
Below we present another extract from the
letter of the independent Washington corres
pondent of the Charleston Mercury, giving an
inkling of how things are done at Washington
by those in power, which will afford our readers
lotne faint idea oi the corrupt practices in the
various department at the capitol. As our
readers are already aware that this is a Demo
cratic witness, therefore the testimony which he
furnishes to the world of the abuses practiced
by the administration, should not go unheeded, :
for it is reasonable to suppose that his political
prepossessions probably shield from exposure j
his party associates, who are guilty of perpetrat- :
ingnumerous smalleroffences against a faithful
and honest administration of the public affairs: '
“ It appears to b» a generally conceded point
here that not one of the old stagers in office j
who have grown rich, as alluded to a short j
time ago, is to be dismissed, while all thetiine v
Clerks are being decapitated, many oi whom »
are hardly known to have any politics at all. c
This certainly seems harsh and partial. One t
of the removals lately made is that of a Mr.
Gunion, a principal clerk in Mr. Hagner’s, the j
3d Auditor’s office, and to whom Mr. Hagner e
is said to be indebted for much of the reputation j
he enjoys, though he has been upwards of fifty .
years in office. The person who is appointed t ,
in his place is a young lawyer of this city, na- t
med Wallack, the salary being SI4OO per an
num. It is to be Hoped (but hardly expected,) j
that Mr. Wallack will be as attentive in his re
searches and as particular in his examinations c
into accounts presented as Mr. Gunton was! ,
Time will show.
“ The weekly statement of the Deposits pub- f
lished on Monday, presents one or two curious 6
features. Messrs. Corcoran * Riggs, of this ,
city, apnear to have the convenient little sum of ;
$500,076 83 op deposit, and not being satisfied, j
are yet, litre little Oliver, asking lor “som? r
_iro£<’_ ..And yet there are only two banks in j
~ tne length and breadth of the country that have B
an equal amount on deposite to that, with these
“ pet individuals.” Those two are the Mer- a
chants’ Bank of Boston, and the Bank ofA- t,
inerica at New York. I notice also that the t
Government BratehsMint at Philadelphia, has v
in its possession a little over the amount that s
Messis. Corcoran & Riggs have. Os all the t ,
“pets” ot this Unite! Stales Government, j
amounting to some fifty in number, Messrs,
Corcoran* RiggsarelhennZp" pel individuals.” B
All the others are incorporated banks. And j
yet Messrs. Corcoran & Riggs have a larger [
amount on than any of the other 'pet c
concerns’except the two above named. Is not |,
this somewhat singular? And are they not |
modest in obtain an increase of ,j
these deposits. I notice also in this week’s list,
that the Bink of Middletown in Pennsylvania, t,
has only 815,000 on dep >sit, when in lhe pre- a
viouSlist there were $59,000, and Ido not per- ||
ceive any notice of transfer ! u
“ I have learned some additional facts relative r .
to the Chief and Assistant Engineers and Mr. p
Williamson ami Mr. Copeland. Mr. Haswell, j
the Chief Engineer, was the President id the j,
board of examiners which promulgated the re
cent list ot Assistant Engineers, about the par
tiality and incompetency displayed in which,
there has been much comment, and I am in- ■'
formed that if he were asked the question, if he "
had ever put a steam engine in motion—lie '
would be compelled to answer, No! And yet J
he is Chief Engineer? The other members of a
lhe board were Mr. Farren, (who has the credit 1
of the destruction ot the Missouri Steam Fii- 1
gate off Gibraltar,) and a Mr. Wood, whose s
knowledge ot engineering is -aid to be quite in- •
describable. And belter still, Mr. Copeland, 1
who was turned out ot the Navy Yard at Nor- a
folk, to make wav for Williamson, to pm him 1
out of the way of Haswell, is left out ot the list 1
of Assistant Engineeis by these three Examin- ’
ers, when he was an Engineer before any one of
them was born! That’s proot ot the capacity ]
and fairness of the board certainly.”
Going it Alone!—A patriotic citizen of 1
Rochester, N. Y., locked himself up in his of
fice on the 4th of July and celebrated the day
solus. He read the Declaration of Independence
and John Adam’s immortal letter; afterwards
he delivered an eloquent, patriotic and impres- ,
sive oration; next he sang a national ode, and
then, without having taken dinner, drank a
toast, for each of the glorious old thirteen States,
but conceives he lost himself among the volun
teers. He feels sure, however, that his love of
country was never more ardent, or his attach
ment to free inslitulio s more sincere, than on
ihatoccasion. And we most religiously believe
him.
The Whigs of Maine have nominated the
Hon. Freeman H. Mouse, of Bath, as their
candidate for the Gubernatorial Chair of lhe
State.
Clay taking ms farewell in the Senate.
--The New York News says that the most
splendid specimen of Art yet produced in this
country, will undoubtedly be theengraved view
of the Senate Chamber o' the Uni.ed Slates, on
the occasion of Henry Clay's farewell speech,
which is now in progress under the direction of
the proprietors ot th? National Miniature Gallft
ry. Il is thus spoken of:
It has been already a year under the hand of
the engraver, and will require about six oreight
months yet to complete. We enjoyed the op
portunity of examing it a tew days ago in its
present state. It will be in fine style of mezzo
tint, and includes upwards ot a hundred like
nesses of prominent public characters ot all
parties—many being introduced as in lhe lob
by o»gallery, who are not actually and literal
ly present on the occasion, though they mav,
without violent stretch of probability, be sup
posed to have been.
The plate is of the enormous size of 40 by 32
inches; and as a collection of fine miniature
likenesses (all taken from excellent daguerreo
lypes>) *t be invaluable. An engraving
ot this size and style would not probably be is
sued in England at a price below 850, but we
understand it to be the intention of the publish
ers to furnish it for a wide distribution a.uo,.g
the American people at a much lower rate.
Wool is becoming an important article ot
expert from the Western States, since the pas
sage of the Tariff law of 1842, which gives di
rect encouragement to ils production' In lo
wa, Missouri and Illinois, a large number of
tanners are turning their attention to the rais
ing of sheep. “They have found them to
thrive well,” says lhe S. Louis Republican,
“ and it is now al most certain that this will form
one of our staple articles of export. The in
crease this year, has very largely exceeded that
of any former year.” This is another of the
fruits ol that " abominable Tariff," which the
Loeotocos say does everything tor the manu
facturers and' nothing for the agriculturists.
r LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
i Arrival of thf
> ’wnr
STEAMSHIP GREAT BRITAIN
) Seven Days Later.
The mammoth iron steamer Great Britain,
Capt. Hosken, arrived at New-York on Sunday
5 afternoon at half past three o’clock, in fourteen
, days and twenty-one hours, running time, from
s Liverpool, having left that port on the 26th cl
j July. The dates by her are from London to the
251 h and ftoin Liverpool to the 26:h of July.
i Westerly winds prevailed nearly all the way
across; at times fresh gales and ugly cross seas;
last three or four days thick fogs. The engines
worked admirably all lhe way, and were never
stopped until Capt. H. bad occasion tosoundon
George’s Bank.
The Tribune says:—She was telegraphed as
early’ as 12 o’clock yesterday, [Sunday] and her
arrival wrought to its highest pitch the excite
ment which hail been for several days gathering.
She passed theßattery a little after three o’clock,
firing a gun, which was responded lo by hearty
cheers frenu assembleo thousands. . . Capt/ Hos-
Tbcalf. WiaopfWplK'
The news, though not exciting, has been fa
vorable. Cotton.holds its price, with large sales,
and there was a general conviction that the
lowest point had been reached, and henceforth
the change would be in favor ol the sellers, if
any. Provisions, too, were firm, and there
were some expectations ot scarcity and an ad
vance.
Earl Grey, father of the Reform Act, and for
four four Prime Minister, died at his residence
Hewick Hall, on the 17th, aged 81.
Viscount Canterbury (for seventeen years
Speaker of the House of Commons as Mr.
Manvers Sutton,) died on the 20th, aged 66.
In Parliament there have been two or three
personal brushes, but no proceedings of inte
rest. Mr. Ewart moved a repeal of the duties
on butter and cheese, which was resisted by
Sir Robert Peel, and defeated. A debate on
New- Zealand has been had, but led to no cer
tain result. A bill to enable the Jews to hold
certain offices will probably pass.
Frederika Bremer, the popular authoress, is
about visiting lhe United States.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of
Mr. John F. Bacon as Consul at Nassau, in
the island of New Providence, for the United
Suites of America.
The governorshipoftheCharterhouse, vacant
by the death of Earl Grey, will be conferred
either on Lord Stanley or Sir James Graham.
The King ot Holland arrived on a visit to
her Majesty and Prince Albert on the2lth ull.
He landed at Woolwich, where he was received
with due honors, and immediately proceeded to
Mivart’s Hotel, where he slept, and proceeded
on the 25th u It. to Osborne Hotel, Isle of Wright,
to visit lhe Queen.
The intelligence from Rome states that the
Papal Government, with a view to the more
effectual prevention of contraband trade, lias re
duced considerably- the duties ot export and im
port on many articles of merchandise, and in
tends to apply lhe system ot reduction to many
others.
American Stocks in London.— Wilmer &
Smith’s Liverpool Times ofthe26th J uly says—
Our report ot the London market fur Ameri
can Securities continues favorable. Since our
publication for-the Steamship “Cambria,”
more inquiry has existed for American Stock,
and the quotations stand more favorable for the
seller. We have before stated that this im
proved feeling arises out of the late intimation
from America that their debts would be paid.
Let this promise be carried out, and American
paper will become as easy of negotiation on the
London and Paris Exchange as that of lhe first
mercantile bouse in the World.
The same paper remarks—Mr. O’Connell is
about to retire to Derrvnane, where he proposes
to occupy himsell during the recess with the de
tails of various measures for carrying out his
views. The slate of Ireland is serious—not to
say alarming. The chronic disease ofthe coun
try— poverty—is making itself superior to law.
All O’Connell’s influence, great as it is, cannot
keep lhe people quiet. He cannot fill their
mouths, pay lheir tents, or mitigate the amazing
destitution which, likea pall, covers the land.
His panaceas have lost their charm for millions
of starving paupers. “ Hopedeferred tuakelh the
heart sick.” The county Cavan, if not actual
ly under military law, cannot be reduced by the
ordinary tribunals.
The “Molly Maguires” reign supreme , and
to the black catalogue of social misery must be
added the bickerings ot religious strife. Au
thority assumes the form of injustice, and the
upholders ofthe law appear in the light of ty
rants, to be shot at and cut dowji like beasts of
prey. This is melancholy but it is the fact.
The “wild justice ol revenge,” as assassination
is mildly phrased, cannot be eradicated.
Commercial.
The last two or three days have witnessed
less activity in lhe Colton market, but prices re
main as previously, with an improvement in
Peruams to the extent of a farthing per lb.—
The sales of the week show the respectable
amount of 48,780 bags—an average of mote
than 8,000 bags daily. 10,500 American, 350
Egyptian,and 1400 Surat, have been taken on
speculation. Dealers are gradually increasing
their stocks from a growing conviction, doubt
less, that the market has seen the lowest figure,
and that the cheering prospects ot the country
may induce a rise. They seem determined to
take advantage ot any contingency which may
arise.
Inlhe manufacturingdistricts, trade, although
not brisker, can hardly be said to have f allen oft’.
The demand tor Yarn exceeds the supply. —
The accounts by the last overland mail present
nothing striking, if we except a trifling cmeule
in the streets ot Canton, between a party of
Englishmen, amongst them Mr. Jackson, the
Vice Consul. The British representative, Mr.
Davies, who has succeeded Sir Henry Potlin
ger, made a strong representation ofthe circum
stance to the civil authorities. At Amoy, some
disturbance had taken place; but these events,
magnified, no doubt, by time and distance, are
insufficient much less to inter
rupt trade. Such collisiStrs would appear to be
occasionally inevitable with a people so mor
bidly jealous ot strangers as are the Chinese,
and yet, with all their jealousy of foreigners,
most anxious to push business with them.
In corn there is little doing in the way of
speculation, although lhe anxiety about the
coming barvest continues to increase. The
weather is still unsettled.
Conflagration at Smyrna.
The following details are taken from a pri
vate letter, dated Smyrna, July 9, 1845, and
published in the Liverpool Times:
“Smyrna is again in misery and ruin; a
larger and more awful conflagration than the
last commenced on the evening of the 31 in
stant, continued violently for twelve or fifteen
hours, and upwards of two days in burning em
bers and side-fires; even up to yesterday here
and there magazines and stone buildings wete
burning—some trom being opened too soon,
when the heated air burst into a flame. It be
gan in the centre of the town, aided by a furi
ous north wind, (which afterwards chanced,)
destroying everything right and left, and tor a
circumference, 1 calculate, ofat least a mile and
a half. The town half side of Frank street is
consumed, and then right away to our exit out
of town to Boudja. The English hospital was
saved by a miracle, and thereby preserved that
part ot the town and the so-called rue de Rose.
The Austrian hospital is burnt. Close to it
Borrell lives; hewassaved, although the fire
was burning on three sidesof hitn. Then back
wards, all the Armenian quarter, except Pur
die-street, is destroyed. The fire skirted the
Jews’quarter—burning some 100 houses —and
then spread to lhe grand vizier Khan and up to
the bazaars. Shoemaker Lane is all burnt,
and round about St. George’s, as in the former
fire. The three corners, Atkinson’s, Maltass’,
*e., aresaved. It came near to us, when Van
Lenneps’ and three or four adjoining houses
were burnt; but all these being built with terra
ces and long passages, the half only’ towaids
Frank-sireet were consumed, and the fire was
fortunately stopped. Bv pulling houses down
in the little lane we pass through, going into the
country, from Frank-street, we stopped it °n
that side of us, although it was very close. The
Dutch and Tuscan consulates were burnt; two
or three large Khans—that is, the Grand Vi
zier, a new made one, and Imaum Oglu Khan
were destroyed.
The Greek hospital, close to the Austrian
hospital, was saved by a great exertion. It
bad 300 invalids in it. Fourteen or fifteen
large wine taverns and their depots, &c., are
gone. At onetime the fire so taged that had
not a change of wind taken place, it was
thought all Smyrna must have been in ruins.
Mr. Jackson says it is the worst fire he has ever
seen, and larger even than that in 1797. He, as
well as Brani, and all down our neighborhood,
had their houses dismantled, and everything put
into magazines, but thank God, the English
have escaped. Very lew, and those only in
rented houses, have been burnt out; amongst
' whom are our friends Jnnor, Charnaud, the
Vice-Consul, and some others. Young Whit
tall made a grand stand, and saved their house,
[_ and consequently lhe neighborhood.
Great assistance was given by the Austrian
corvette and French brig in port. The English
>, men-ot-war were unluckily absent. Some 50
y or 60 persons may have lost lheir lives.
n Overland Mail trom India and China.
The Overland Mail has arrived, bringing
1 dates from Calcutta, Jone 31; Bombay, June
f 3d; Madras, June 10th; Galle, June 14th;
c Aden, June 30th; and Alexandria, July 10th.
The most important local event is the pas
sing ofthe new tariff act.
f During the appt oaching rainy season an at
; tempt is to be made by lhe government steamers
s to extend the navigation of the Ganges beyond
Allihabae, its present limit, to Cawnpore, and
r it possible to Fatteguish, the latter being at a
i distance of2oo miles beyond the present slop
pingplace. r
The news from China is to the Sih of April.
’ The most remarkable item thereof is an ac
count of an assault by a mob ol Chinese on
Mr. Montgomery Martin, Mr. Jackson, (the
Vice-Consul,) and the Rev. R. Hunter. These
gentlemen were, it seems, walkWtg outside the
walls ol Canton, wt.-e» they .veW.utjprovoked
ly set upon by the people^,from whom they
liiekily escaped will, no other Injurythe
c?owd Cdlo” °bl be i° S b ’T‘ e Th"‘
(Tress' ahdgttarantee for futote good conduct,
but the result is yet unknown. The commer
cial news isoflittie interest, trade being, as far
as British goods are concerned, very dull.
France.
We see by the Paris papers of Thursday,
that, on Wednesday, Marshal Soult, rebuked
by M. De Boissy for severity to the army in
Algiers, took occasion to palliate the abomi
nable massacre at Dahra. “It would have
been,”he said, “atrocious in Europe; butsuch
things are necessary in Africa; and lhe exter
minated tribehad committedcrueltieson French
soldiers.’’ The French papers loudly renew
their indignation protests on this extenuation
of the atrocity.
The Cnambers were prorogued on Monday.
The Royal ordinance of prorogation was car
ried to the Chamberof Peers by Marshal Soult,
President of the Council; and to lhe Chamber
of Deputies by M. Dtimon, Minister of Public
Works.
It was still the increasing belief in all well
informed quarters, that a dissolution would
shortly afterwards take place. The king and
royal family were to leave Paris next week lor
the chateau of Eu, where they would remain six
or eight weeks.
The French funds improved on Monday,
principally on account bl the rise in British
consols.
Ireland.
The last weekly meeting of lhe Repeal As
sociation was held on July 21; Wm. Magen
nis, Esq., in the Chair.
Mr. O’Connell acknowledged the receipt of
.£l2 from New York, and read a letter accom
panyingthe remittance, which animadverted on
certain expressions uttered by Mr. O’Connell
on a late occasion, to tire effect tnat if England
rendered justice to Ireland, she might calculate
on the assistance oi Irishmen in enabling her to
“ humble the proud eagle ot America.” What
he (Mr. O’Connell) said on the occasion refer
red to was, that if England did render justice,
full and ample justice, to Ireland, she would be
in such a position, through the co-operation of
Irishmen, as to defy all the nations of civilized
Europe, and would be even able to pull down
the flag of America itself.
Such was the sentiment he uttered, and he
believed such was the sentiment of Ireland also.
It was in consequence of the blustering ot Mr.
Polk with regard to the Oregon ten itory, a
blustering which had since ceased, that he had
been into lhe observations complained
of. Mr. Poik evidently calculated on a diver
sion in his favor in Ireland, should a rupture
take place between England and America.
Havingexpressed lhe gratification he felt at the
opportunity afforded him of explaining, he mo
ved the insertion ot the letter on the minutes,
an I the thanks of the association to the writer.
Mr. O’Connell then gave a brief history ofthe
stale ot the country and announced that he was
«bout to retire to,. Datriaian»..to.matmr.
sures Tbrihe furtherance ot the Repealcattse.
Alter referring to a variety of topics having
reference to the future mode ofcairing on rhe
agitation, Mr. O’Connell concluded by giving
notice of his intention to prepare and put in
form, dnting his sojourn in the country, the fol
lowing bills, with a view to their adoption l y
the British legislature, and that each member of
Parliament should be furnished with copies of
them fully six weeks before the commencement
of lhe next session: [We omit the Bills ]
Spain.
Madrid papers ofthe 1-lih, state that the de
cree against lite press has roused some opposi
tione ven among the supporters of the Ministry,
but it is ot that weak and uncertain kind that
might be expected where the writers feel that
the most moderate opposition might expose
them to imprisonment, banishment, or ruin. A
meeting cf the conductors of lhe public journals
was to be held on the 15th, to concert what
part wasto be taken in the affair.
The Madrid papers give long accounts ofthe
progress of the insurrection at Catalonia, but
ihey add nothing to the information direct from
Barcelona.
Syria.
The intelligence from Syria represents that
country as being in a very disturbed state. The
Druses were roving in quest of plunder, and in
tent upon pillaging all travellers who came
within their reach.
Egypt.
On the 30th of June, the French war steamer
Gomer, arrived at Alexandria with the Duke
de Montpensier on board. The ostensible ob
ject ofthe Prince is to visit Mehemet Ali and
Upper Egypt. During his stay at Alexandria
the Prince resided at the palace ot Said Pasha
called Gabarch, and was the object ofthe most
assiduous attention on the part of Mehemet Ali,
who had just received intelligence ofthe very
gracious reception recently given Io his sons at
Paris by Louis Philltpe.
Turkey.
The Cologne Gazette gives the following from
the frontiers ot Bosia, July 10:—“The revoltot
the inhabitants ol Turkish Croatia has subsided
of itself. After having advanced as far as Bar
jaluca, and taken possession of that town, the
rebels separated in consequence of some disa
greement amongst themselves. They have,
however, during the affair violated the Austrian
territory. At lour o’clock yesterday they sud
denly attacked the soldiers composing the Cor
don, and put them to the route alter a desperate
conflict, in which a number were killed and
wounded. The Austrian Government took im
mediate measures to prevent a recurrence ot
such excesses. ”
Cotton Markets.
Liverpool. July 25.
Cotton — The market has been without excitement
this week, and prices of American ate barely steady at
last quotations but we can make no positive change.
Brazi s command top rates Egyotian and Surat with
out alteration. Sea Islands are without change, 'lhere
have been taken on speculation 10,5(10 American, 350
Egyptian, and 1450 Surat, and for exportation 2.9 Ml
American, 230 Pernambuco and 93 Maranham. The
f trices declared by the Committee of Brokers this week
or fair Cotton are—Bowed 4gd. Mobile 4§d, O'leans
4ld The sales from th*’ !9ih to the 22d inst. inclusive,
are 46.7-0 bales, viz : 170 bales <Sea Island at i I to 2f’d :
SB4O Bowed 3| tn Kd, 21,300 Orleans 3| io 6|d. 7350
Mobile 31 to6d. 78U Pernambuco 6 to 6|d. I!80 Bahia,
to6|. J2BO Maratiham. 3j to 6d, 2540 Egyptian 6 to
lOd, in Barbados® 6d,430 West India. 4 to 4jd, 2870 <S’u
rat, to 4d <s• lb
From the Circular of the United Brokers.
July 25.
Cotton— There is not much alteration in the pi ice of
Cotton this week. The most marked change is in lhe
price of Pernams, which are |d ly lb higher ; all other
sorts of Brazil, as well as long staple irmds generally,
are firm and steady, but in oilier respects much as be
fore. The same may be said of American descriptions
and Bursts. With in the last two days lhe demand has
somewhat moderated, but without causing the least
change in the general lone and confidence of o;ir mar
kel. 10.50) American, 3-50 Egyptian, and 1450 iS'urat,
have been taken on speculation : and 3930 American,
930Pernam. and ODO Maranh.in, for export.
Though the demand, particulaily in the lasi lew days
had not been quite so extensive as for some time past,
and buyers have had a greater choice of common and
• middling descriptions of American, prices have under
gone little or no change; the fair and good qualities
continue in request fir exports and are rather dearer.
Bsszil, Egyptian and Surat also eommanrl full prices
Taken on speculation, 10,50' American. 350 £urat; and
, for export. 3090 American. 930 Pernambuco, 90 Maram
ham and 120 .Sural, The sales of lhe week arc 46,780
Lake Superior Copper.—The Western
papers say that the rush lo the Lake Superior
copper region seems to be steadily increasing.
There is now every indication that its Valuable
copper mines will be largely worked this year.
In a very short time the American market will
be fully supplied trom that quarter, while some
are so sanguine as to insist lhat we can supply
the world cheaper than England. The one is
so rich—from 40 to 70 per cent —that notwith
standing the higher price ot labor here, they
think we will have an advantage over the Eng
lish manufacturer, who is compelled to work
ores containing only from 9 to 18 per cent, of
copper. Every American would rejoice at the
addition ot copper to our staples ot export. It’
would free us trom our present dependence for
that article upon England, while it would large
ly add to the wealth and internal trade of the
nation. In supplying copper, at a lower price,
we also add to the comforts of all classes ot
the community.
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 21, 1845.
The Schoolmaster.
The “Schoolmaster,” in proper person, says
tie Recorder, has come again. And what is
more to the point, he has taken to his cyphering.
People of Georgia, in looking into your finan
cial condition, you can have no safer Precep
tor than lhe old''Schoolmaster." And among
many others that might be named, lor one ol
the best reasons in the world, viz: he sticks
with the tenacity of a leech to Pike and the
Documents; and these in such an investiga
tion, are the principal, almost the only material
witnesses in the case. If their testimony clear
ly prove the wasteful profusion ofthe past ad
ministration of your affairs, and the wholesome
economy ol the present, lhe case is settled; and
it will take something weightier than political
harangues, and party clap-trap, to mislead you
into a verdict against your own interest—the
interests of your children—the interest of your
State.
And could there be a stronger case made out,
than the old “ Schoolmaster” shows this week,
by the inconlestible authority ot Pike upon the
Documents. The case, as shown, stands short-
ly thus: For the political year 1843, the last
Administration, ia addition to the taxes, re
eeived from other sources $123,177 60 more
than the present admini-tratiun received for the
Gov. McbohaW spent all he without pay
ing a dollar ol the State debt, and left addition
al debts behind. Gov. Crawford, in addition
to the maintenance ofthe Government, paid one
hundred thousand dollars ofthe State debt, and
leaves no debt of his own behind. If this is not
astrong case, illustrative of the comparative
soundness and ability of Gov. Crawford’s
pains-taking administration, then no case could
be put to show the people this fact. It is a most
astounding fact, and may well arrest the se
rious consideration ot every man, ot whatever
par:y, w'ho is favorable to the prudent disposi
tion ofthe monies raised from the people.
School-house, August 7th, 1845.
.Messrs. Editors:—ln a note which I append
ed and submitted in the subjunctive mood, or
more grammatically speaking, as an interroga
tive proposition to iny last essay, I indicated
the opinion that the pile of money received du
ring the political year of 1843. was greater than
that received in 1844. Allusion was then made
to two sources of revenue—one from the mili
tary claims of the State on the Federal Gov
ernment, and the other from lees on land. I
have since worked those sums according to the
elementary rules of the venerable Pike, and
still more venerable Dilworth. They are the
glorious masters of the ten Arabic numerals,
who taught from Numerations to Miscella
neous Questions.
By document No. 102, transmitted to the last
Congress, by the Secretary ofthe Treasury, at
page 2, we are informed that the sum of 8113,-
203 41 has been paid on account ot the military
claims of the State. Cf this sum, let us see
how much was received in 1843 and 1844—that
is to say, the Democratic and Whig adminis
trations. It should be remembered that the
political year differs from the calendar year, in
this—lhat the first begins and ends on the first
day of November in each year,
Gov McDonald received on
18th November, 1842 894 037 14
Ist August, 1843 2,653 55
Bth Sejitembcr, “ 2,945 88
15th “ “ 567 76
$100,204 33
Gov. Crawford received on
18th June, 1844, $1,410 38
“ “ “ ....11,588 70—512,999 08
Now let us apply the third rule of Dilworth
and Pike.
Received by Gov. McDonald,.. ..SIOO 204 33
“ “ “ Crawford 12,999 08
Democratic excess, $87,205 25
Respecting lhe Land Fund, I stick to the of
ficial documents, and cite the fourth page of
the TfeMui'er’srfti-pvrt -in 4843, made bv B. B.
kt.cn-4- T Trt-rT 5 1
Received by Gov. McDonald in 1813 :
Sale ot fractions, per act 1839, $557
“ “ fraudulent lots, 158 75
“ “ Island per act 1839 100
“ “ Lots 10* 100, “ 647
Fees on Grants and Gold Lots, 16,552 50
“ “ “ Cherokee land lots,. ...14 845
Lottery ot 1829, 5,295
“ “ 18*20, (not reverted,) 10
Head Rights 805 50
Columbus Lots, 84
Fractions of 1822, 42
Macon Lots, 13 50
Cherokee Fractions, 555
Fractions of 1827 201
“ sold by Sheriff, (act 1839,).... 150
Copy Grants 287 75
Lots 10 and 100, *2
Lottery ot 1820, (reverted,) 3,050
“ ■“ 1820, act 1841 5
Lots sold in Appling, now- Ware 9
“ Ist District Muscogee, 6
Lottery ot 1821 1,535
41,899
Received by Gov. Crawford in 1844—see
Financial Report, pages 5 and 6:
Fees on Grants, fractions sold, &c.,. .$4,898 15
Lots 10 and 100 6
“ in Appling, now Ware 6
Macon lots and reserve, 18
Columbus lots and reserve, -..90
Copy Grants 207
Head Rights, 701 50
$5,926 65
Greater or Democratic amount
received, $41,899 00
Subtracted or Whig amount leceived,. .5,926 65
Remainder, or Democratic excess,.. $35,972 35
Consolidation is the next rule. By the w-ay,
Messrs. Editors, 1 remark, that should a new*
system of arithmetic be published with the rule
ot consolidation in it, yon at least will know its
author. Modesty forbids that I should now
speak more on this head.
From Military Claims.
Democratic receipts $100,204 33
From Land Fund.
Democratic receipts, 41,899 00
Grand Total, $142,103 33
From Military Claims.
Whig receipts, $12,999 08
From Land Fund.
Whig receipts 5,926 65
Grand Total, 818,925 73
Now apply the third rule ot the fundament
als :
Democratic receipts $142 103 33
Whig “ 18 925 73
Democratic excess, $123,177 60
Put this to my “siferin and figurin’' (Nos.
I and 2) and tell me arithmeticians! what is
the grand result. Tell me, people ot Georgia!
who has been your faithful public servant?
1 have seen a printed objection to Gov. Craw
ford, that during the summer he goes to Belair
and does not spend all his time at Milledge
ville; and it is also more generally and vehe
mently urged that he is carrying out the policy
ot his predecessor. I have endeavored to work
these propositions conjointly by my favorite
system ot arithmetic—as I venerate figures.—
As usual, I have referred to docutnetary evi
dence. See the postage-distances of the Gene
ral Post Office department:
FromMillidgeville to Richmond, Va. 620 miles
“ “ ■' Bel-air, 86 “
Democratic excess, again 535
So the Democrats beat the Whigs “all hol
low” in receipts and distances, or figures are
false.
On this head I offer two “ practical observa
tions”:
Ist. 1 never flog a boy when he gets his les
sons, and is not rude or mischievous.
2d. Some boys can learn their lessons as soon
again as others.
SCHOOLMASTER.
P. S. To my long neglected brethren who
taught school in 1842 and 1813, I now say, that
they will think ot me when the long delerred
pay day arrives, next month. The Whigs are
close dealers, and like most close dealers are
prompt paymasters. The rule is a good one—
flog justly and flog quickly. S.
Discovery in the preparation op Coffee
—lt having been well known in Prague,thatthe.
water of that town is better adapted for use in
making coffee, than the river water, a compara
tive analysis ofthe water indicated that this de
pended on lhe carbonate of soda contained in
the former. It has since been found that a
small quantity of the carbonate added to the
coffee much improves ils flavor; and it has
therefore been recommended by chemists, that
an addition of 43 grains of the pure carbonate
ot soda be added to each pound of roasted coffee
as an improvement to the flavor, and also to
the therapeutic effects oi this beverage, as it
neutralizes lhe acid contained ia the infusion.
SATURDAY MORN.'NG, AUGUST 16.
The Phospect.—The Athens Whig says:—
During Commencement week we availed our
selves ot Ute opportunity to consult with our po
litical friends from every part of the State.—
They expressed but one opinion, and that was,
that the administration ot Governor Crawford
would be sanctioned by the people, and he
would be triumphantly re-elected. We heard
not the first man, Whig or Democrat, disap
prove ot a solitary act of his administration,
and all admitted lhat he had 1 made an excellent
Governor. The office seekers of the Democrat
ic party, such as Colquitt, Cooper, Cobb, &c.
&c., held a caucus corhposed almost entirely,
we understand, of men holding office or seeking
it, at which they came to the conclusion that
they had no other chance to succeed, but to ex
cite the people. Their plan, no doubt, will be,
to have mass meetings throughout the State in
the latter part of September, for the purpose of
“gelling up an excitement.” What a com
mentary upon the intelligence of the people, and
what a compliment lo the administration of
Governor € IRAWPORD . Wil. the people ot
Georgia sanction such a uroeeedipg to gratify
the ambition of a few rspkless, broken down
. 4 . . ,
j eolffciderice is mentioned byYse Athens Whig.
In 1811, the names of Messrs. Ashley, How
ard and Phtnizy, occur among the graduating
class of thatyear at our State Institution. Last
week their three sons graduated, the parents be
ing present on the occasion.
O’ Air. O. N. Steele, the deputy sheriff who
was shot at Andes, N. Y., last week, whilst in
the discharge of his official duties, by a band of
anti-renters disguised as Indians, survived six
hours in the most excruciating agony, when he
expired. The New York Courier says—“ Ve
ry great excitement pervaded the community
when the perpetration ol this outrage was made
known, and it is hoped now that some effort
will be made to uphold and maintain the supre
macy of the law, which has thus far been vio
lated with the most perfect mpunity by the an
ti-renters.”
A slip from the office ot lhe Norfolk Bea
con says that the two companiesof U. S. troops
at Fortress Monroe have been ordered to Texas
immediately. They are to be conveyed by the
U. S. steamer Col. Harney, now at Norfolk.
The Export of Domestic Cotton Goods
from the port ol Boston tor the month ending
July 31, 1845, has been as follows:
Bales and Cases. Bales and Cases.
To East Indies 643 Cape Ilaylien 5
Canton 216 Nuevitas 1
Valparaiso 14'«8 Nova Scotia 1
Rio Janeiro 493 Galveston 6
Naples and Palermo 2t) New Orleans 380
Sumatra 35 Charleston 70
S nyrna 210 New Y ork 5
St. Thomas & Maracaibo 63 Baltimore 500
Faya I 20 Philadelphia 308
St. Peters 6 Hartford 40
Total for July .4673
“ “ June 2675
Total fur two months 7212
Same time last yeai 16.528
The exports this year to foreign portshave
been 5,204 bales, and last year only 2394 bales;
while lodomestic ports this year only 2008 bales,
and last year 14,134 bales.
Irelaiid--o’CouueU’s Movements.
The following is a list ol the acts which
O’Connell gave notice of his intention to intio
duce in the British Parliament lor the relief of
Ireland:
I. An Act to enable her most gracious Ma-
jesty to exercise without delay her undoubted
prerogative, to summon her parliament of Ire
land, to coylaiu 5 i aßsesdev J awtorjr-~
issue writs ol summons to all the peers ot
Ireland, and writs for the election of members
ofthe House ot Commons of Ireland, not
to exceed the ancient number of 300.
2. Dilecto yot the numbers to be elected by
each county at large, county of a city, and
county ol a town.
3. Also by each present or newly to be consti
tuted borough on lhe scale of population.
4. Defining the elective franchise to beextended
to all resident householders.
5. To provide that the mode of voting shall be
by secret ballot.
6. To provide that all statues passed by the al
leged United Parliament shall have force of
law until altered or repealed by the Parlia
ment of Ireland.
7 To vest in her Majesty, her heirs, and suc
cessors, the College
green, in trust for the lords and commons of
Ireland, provision being made to give lull
compensation to the Bank of Ireland.
11. An Act to establish in perpetuity' lhe per
fect equality in the eye of the law oi persons
ol all Christian and to prevent for
ever the existence in Ireland of any legal or
temporal ascendancy, to contain clauses decla
ratory—
1. Ot this Act being the basis of the repeal of
the Union, and expressive ofthe solemncom
pact made with and between all lhe people oi
Ireland, in the awful presence of God, lhat
persons of all Christian persuasions shall be
and forever continue on an entire and com
plete equality, legal and political.
2. Prohibitory of lhe Irish Parliament making
or having authority’ or power to make any
law, penal or restrictive, on the score of reli
gion.
3. Prohibitory ot the Irish Parliament to en
dow, as a slate church, any particular church,
sect or persuasion.
4. Declaratory that the ecclesiastical revenues
belong to lhe state, and ought lo be appro
priated to the purposes ol education and
charity.
5. Providing, however, that the vested interest
of each incumbent, episcopal or clerical,
shall be fully protected during the respective
lives ol each, to become public property only
as each lite shall drop.
111. An Ac: locharge the estatesofall absen
tees with an income tax of 20 per cent. Clause
to define absenteeism, viz: non residence in Ire
land for six months in each year.
IV. An Act to confirm thecustom of “ tenant
right” whete it at present exists, and to make
provision lor its gradual and well considered ex
tension al! over Ireland.
V. An Act to entitle al) tenants upon evic
tion to full compensation for ali improvements
heretofore made, or hereafter to be made, on
lhe premises held by such tenants.
VI. An Act to iacilitate the partition and
sale ol lands subject to incumbrances, and to
deposit in the public funds the purchase money,
subject to the same trust to whith lhe lands were
liable.
VII. An Act to take away fromthe landlords
all powersol distraint or ejectment for non-pay
ment ot rent, unless the land be held under
lease for a term of at least 21 years.
VIII. An Act to repeal the poor laws, and
to convert the present poor houses into hospitals
for the sick, infirm and aged paupers, and to
provide for their support for six years, by
charging the necessary expenses on the Consoli
dated Fund.
IX. An Act to enable lessees for lives renew
able tor ever to convert their tenures into per
petuities, making compensation for fines when
pavable.
X. An Act to empower tenants for life and
corporations sole or aggregate, including the
corporation ol Trinity College, to grant leases
in nerpetnity.
XI. An\Act to direct that in all sales ot land
sold under\e authority of any court of equity,
the estate should be sold in small lots, with a
right of preemption to the occupiers.
XII. That the principle i>f the Church Tem
poralities Act, enabling tenants occupying
underlease for a term of years, with a custom
of renewal, to acquire perpetuity at a fixed rent,
be extended to a,I leases held under any cor
poration, sole or aggregate, including the lands
held under the College of Physicians and under
Trinity College, Dublin.
XIII. An Act to direct that suchof the Crown
estates in Ireland as are not required for the
convenience of the public should be sold in
small divisions, a right of pre-emption being
given to the tenants in possession, the purchase
money to be payable by instalments.
XIV. An Act directing that in all futun
conveyances the original deed should, as in th<
case of wills, be deposited in the Register office
Dublin, and that certified copies be admissabli
in evidence, except when the validity of th
t original deed itself shall be questioned.
t At the termination ot the proceedings, Mt
s O’Connell announced the rent for the week t
t be £319 18s. Id.
5 The bagging factory and ropewalk o
t I Thomas H. Clay, Esq. near Lexington, Ky
were consumed by fire last week.
——RWWWIfIM —»
“Philo Schoolmaster” in Reply to “Piney
Woods.” No. 3.
Messrs. Editors:— l have lead the four num
bers of “ Piney Woods,” in reply to “School
fhaster,” and I am left in doubt whether this
modern Munchausen will be satisfied to follow
in the footstepsol hisdistinguished predecessor;
or striking out a bolder course lor everlasting
fame, will contend with his progenitor for loftier
honors, and a more distinguished name. With
more Quixotism than the ancestor, and less
scruples for the marvellous, yet, like him, he
furnishes no statement of facts in which a ttace
ol ti nth can be distinguished. And when cre
dulity is wanting, the younger seek? to acquire
it by re-asserting whatever may be incapable in
itself of commanding it.
He has thrice asserted, that the Penitentiary’
was now an expense to the State, and as often
repeated that the public debt had been increased
under Gov. Crawford’s administration!! An
ticipating disbelief, he protests he has told the
truth before I is statements have time for con
tradiction. Like the negro preacher who had
assured his audience that Jonah swallowed lhe
whale, discovering incredulity on the part of
his audience, he repealed it again ; and finding
it not yet removed, he boldly proclaimed to his
brethren, lhat if they did not believe what be
said, come back the next Sunday, and he would
tell them this same thing again. So with “ Pi
ney Woods,” he will reiterate to the last, that
Jonah swallowed lhe whale.
But as lhe Penitentiary is a subject of so
much trouble to him, 1 will ask his attention
to a few more facts. The committee in the last
Legislature, speaking of its cost to the State,
(page 301) sav: “ The average yearly deficit is
stated in theaeport ol the Principal Keeper, at
tp.) ..no -,n:itrill_, utl:.
seven years of ils continuance, the enormous
sum of $337,’500.” Here is a tael which should
be borne in mind by every voter; and in doing
so, let him ask htmsell what am I to gain by
turning out of office a Governor who has re
formed its whole policy, made it a source ot
profit in one year alter he took hold of it, and
putting in his place a man ol whom I know no
thing, only that as a member of our Legislature,
he helped to charlet every bank that has broke
and swindled the people !
Let the tax payers ol Georgia look to this mat
ter and say whether the Democratic party ever
paid their taxis for them—and let them deter
mine whether they will be more benefited by a
reduction of their taxes, or by an increase of
them. There is but one mode ol reducing those
taxes, and that is to reduce the expenditures of
the Government. A saving of $25,000 annual
ly in the Penitentiary will do well tor a begin
ning. Gov. Crawford took charge ofthe Peni
tentiary, Ist January, 1844, at a time when the
workshops had all been destroyed by fire—there
was not a tool left lo work with—in the dead ot
winter—and when the whole country w’as de
pressed with the prostration of business. He
moved forward, however, undismayed by these
difficulties—he counseled and directed—morn
ing and night he was there watching the pro-
gress ot the buildings, and aftertheircompletion,
the success of the laborers. He has made him
self thoroughly acquainted with lhe character
and pursuits of every convict there; and by
his personal unreinitteu attention has stopped the
heavy pressure it imposed upon the treasury',
and nade it a source of profit. It now remains
for lhe people ol Georgia to say, whether he is
worthy ol their confidence. In those days of our
Government, when fidelity was a virtue, Gov.
Crawlord would have been respected and re
warded ; but now the bitter malevolence of
party drags down every virtue, however great.
Party leaders cry, “down with him,” because
they want his place. But do the people, who
have to bear the burdens ot this Government,
think that they ought to break down themselves
to elevate these heartless politicians?
Having disposed ol the Penitentiary, I now
torn to the next source ol grievance to “ Piney
Woods,” the reduction of the public debt. As
usual, he “ solemnly asserts," that this debt has
been increased—at one time declaring that it
was increased $110,001), since Gov. Crawford
came into power—and at another, that “ the ac
tual increase of debt is only $43,072” —and he
quotes the report ol the Finance Committee of
Messrs. Phillips, Meriwether and Kenan, lo
prove what he says. This committee, so far
from proving the fact stated bv “Piney
Woods,” prove lhe very reverse. They gave
a very detailed and minute s’atement ot the public
debt, andconcludedhy showing that Gov. Craw
ford had reduced it by payment to Reid, Irving
& Co., fifty thousand dollars'. Can “Piney
Woods” hope togain any thing by making such
reckless statements, when every reading man in
'flf’T'tftnihiiiee say, andii nny Tie iwfttn in twff I
report, page 3. Call upon yourrepresentatives 1
in lhe last Legislature—they have the report, |
and can satisfy you lhat “Piney Woods” has '
dealt falsely in his statement. But liereiswhat
they sav: J
“Beforeclosing this branch of their report, (
the Committee deem it proper to be more ex
plicit in relerence to the apparent increase of ;
debt for the present year. The amount of bonds '
issued and charged in this year, is $135,000 J
Ot this amount, $22,822 have been paid out for t
work on the Rail Road. The balance of said |
issue, to wit: SI 12,178, are in the hands ot the l
Engineer, of which a portion has been hypothe
cated for a loan ot $20,250. The actual in- t
crease of debt is, therefore, only’ $43,072. s
Actual publicdebt, Ist Jan. 1844,..51,640,138 73 !
Bonds paid lor work, and money
obtainedon hypothecation, 43,072 00 (
Making $1,683210 73 .
Deduct payment to Reid, Irving* Co. 50,000 00 '
Leaves $1,633,210 73 ‘
debt actually existing.
I think that any school boy who understands 1
cyphering, can tell from thisstatement, whether
the public debt has been increased or.not; and 1
I shall turn “ Piney Woods” over to the white
headed scholars of my friend, the Old “ School- 1
master,” to learn arithme'ic. It one ot them
was to go to him with such an answer from
such data as “Piney Woods” has come to the
public with, he should be lerruled well.
“Piney Woods” possesses a memory rather
treacherous it he had been disposed to recollect, '
or what is more, have desired to tell the truth,
he would have stated that the issue of bonds
amounting to $13,072 was a matter which Gov.
Crawford could not control. A law of Georgia
made it his duty to issue them when they might
be needed to carry on the Western and Atlantic
Rail Road ; and Gov. Crawford was no more
responsible for it than was “ Piney Wnods,” it
being done before hecame intooffice. He had no
discretion in the matter; the increase had been
ordered by a Democratic Legislature. But he
did have a discretion tn paying the $50,000 of
the public debt; and he exercised it, and paid it.
And since the report of the committee has been
made, he has paid $50,000 more. Now, sir, in
1840 the Legislature required $75,000 annually
lobe paid in reduction of lhat d-bt. The law
stood two years, and not one cent was ever paid;
and in 1842 the D.-m icratie legislature which
increased our taxes 25 per cent., repealed lhe
law. If the democrats should get in power
again,judging the future by the past, they will
stop the payments to the debt, and raise our
taxes 25 percent, more.
“Piney Wood’s” attention has been arrested
by the following contrast in the Schoolmastei’s
letter:
eeoislature.
Spent annually by lite Democrats, $93,347 97
do. do. by the Whigs 76,978 86
He admits this looks very we’l forthe Whigs,
and as he cannot do otherwise, he declares his
desire to stop this matter and discuss the "ex
penses and expenditures" ot the last Legislature.
And retiring from a contest in which he can
find no laurels, he fabricates a wall behind
which he plants himself that he may throw his
paper missiles at lhe Whigs. I will permit
him to escape from “ Schoolmaster’s” issue, and
take him up upon his own. He declares that
the
Expenses and Expenditures of the Whig Legis
lature were $227,217 00
Democratic do 169,055 00
Making a difference in favor ofthe
Democrats of $58,162 00
He says he has left out of the Democratic ac
count $50,000, because the State has charged
the money to lhe Federal Government; but yet
be has included in the Whig account, items, ol
lhe same character. The reason tor excluding
this large sum is insufficient. The Federal
Government long ago informed Georgia she
would not pay it, and it was charged jo her
against her consent. Besides, we have $/0,000
more in the same situation, charged the same
way, and not paid, and which never will be
paid. Now I have made the calculation, and
taken the appropriation laws ot 1842 and 1813,
and every citizen can do the same, and learn
whether I am c’onee.t or not. 1 charge both
Legislatures with every appropriation they
made, and when I could not obtain from the
laws the exact amount for clerk hire at a per
diem pay, I have resorted to the Treasurer’s
report for the facts. Taking the appropriations
as they stand, there was appropriated by the
laws and resolutions of the Democratic Legis
! latureoflß42 8239,117
: By the Whig Legislature of 1843.... 223,623
Balance in favor ot Whigs $15,524
’ But “ Piney Woods,” as a fair dealer, cannot
wish to make the Whigs accountable for the
(acts of his own party; therefore when the Whigs
had to pay debts which his friends contracted,
he ought to be willing to give them credit for so
much. Now the Wr.tgs swelled their appro-
prialions by paying debts for Peniten
tiary $32,000
Arrearages, Contingent, Military and
Printing Fund, 16.200
Making $48,200
Which added to the Democratic expenses (all
of which the democrats contracted)
make 9271,347
And deducted from Whig expenditures
leaves 175,423
Which will show a balance in favorof
lhe Whigs of $95,924
“ Piney Woods” betrays a stupidity in his
misrepresentations which a school-boy could
delect; and it stupidity could be received as an
excuse for them, 1 would charitably throw the
veil ov ’r his acts. But all his positions are as
sumed in view of deception. The mode he has
proposed of ascertaining the economy ofthe two
administrationsis fallacious; for example, the
Legislature of 1842, appropriated only $12,000
lor a printing fund, and Gov. McDonald, under
the device explained by “Schoolmaster,” spent
$17,215! They appropriated only SIO,OOO for
the contingent fund, and they spent, and the
Whigs had to pay $15,000 more. So it was in
reference to the arrearages of the military and
printing funds; and for the debts ot the Peni
tentiary contracted by them, $32,000 had to be
appropriated by the Whigs. And again, the
Whigs appropriated SIB,OOO fora printingfund,
and Gov. Crawford expended only $9,256.
They appropriated $20,000 for a contingent fund,
and Gov. Crawford expended only $9,180. The
true plan of ascertaining the economy of each
administration, is by its expenditures, and not
its appropriations.' This has been done by
“ Schoolmaster,” anti not in any one instance
facts. lam willing, liowover, that h..-
select his own mode of comparison. Gov.
Crawford’s administration is superior to any
other that has existed for years; and the unrea
sonable and untrue devices to which “Piney
Woods” has resorted to evade the truth, will tell
to the public mind, that he tears to present the
facts fairly and truly to the people.
This puerile slanderol “Piney Woods,” of
Whig extravagance is silenced by a few facts.
The Whigs have paid ot democratic debts, $64,-
607—have paid $50,000 to Reid, Irving* Co.,
and at the end of the year had a balance in the
Treasujy of $58,312, and under control of the
Governor elsewhere, $26,512, making $84,824.
And yet the taxes have not been increased one
cent. Every one knows, that the only way in
which this improved condition ol the Treasury
could be had, was by economy on lhe part ot the
Governor and Legislature.
“Piney Woods” retreated from the contrast
between the expenses of the Legislature of 1842
and 1843, knowing it was true, and fearing the
inquiry, why was it true? It was true, because
lhe Whigs reduced their pay below what the
Democrats had placed theirs.
The subject ot the printing fund has likewise
not escaped the animadversions of “Piney
Woods; ” and while he is compelled to admit
that there has been a saving in its expenditure
of SB,OOO, yet true to his purpose, he denies that
Gov. Crawford is entitled to any credit here.
He, however, is forced to concede the fact, lhat
the Whig Legislature is entitled to some. He
asserts that the Whigs placed at the disposal of
Gov. Crawford, eight thousand dollars more
than was at that oi Gov. McDonald. Is this
true?
Gov. McDonald had at his disposal, and ex
pended in one year, $17,215 96. The Whigs
supposed, as the same work would have to be
performed, that slß,oooshould be appropriated;
Gov. McDonald recommended the appropria
tion of $17,000. [see House Journal, page 11,]
but Gov. Crawford, by economy and good man
agement, did not expend but $9,256 46. “Piney
Woods” attempts to account lor llifljgreat dif
ference between the two administrations, and
I will notice each reason, and shovr that it does
not exist. He says lhere were many demands
in 1843, upon the printing fund, that did not ex
ist in 1844, and
Ist. " Large, sums were pa.id in 1843, for the
publication of Bank Reports. ” This was a small
item, for by the resolution of 1840, the publica
tion of bank reports was restricted to two pa
pers; if, therefore, a large sum was paid, it was
illegally paid, and Gov. Crawford is entitled to
lhe credit of its restriction, and the Democrats
are censurable for lhe expenditure of a large sum
when it was not authorized or demanded.
2d. " A large, sum was paid for print ing Blank
Plats and Grants for Surveyor General and
Secretary o! Stale’s offices. How much was ex
pended, “Piney Woods”does not tell us; but
every dollar was a waste of money. The
kie’Ow iVMftrtrotvp arfn hetver wm ne useo.—rr
was a waste of public money, squandered on
party presses, to encourage and reward them,
when the public service did not require it.
3d. "And many reams of Commissions for the
Executive Office. ” This was an expenditure
on the same footing with the other.
4th. Two volumes of lhe Decisions of our Su
perior Courts." Here is another error: there
was but one printed in 1843, and that was not
paid out of the printing fund, and therefore was
no charge upon it. [see Treasurer’s report, 1843,
page 31] and they were sold, and the money re
turned to lhe Treasury.
sth. “ Long reports from the Commissioner of
the State Rail Road. ” The office of Commis
sioner was abolished; but the Engineer made
reports in his place, and they were published.
The same work had to be done.
6th. “ Slate Bonds. " These were never paid
for out ot the printing fund.
7th. List of Debtors to the Central Bank."
It is true an extravagant price was paid for
printing it. But whose fault was it? The
democratic administrations. More than three
times its worth was paid for it But is it any
excuse for the Democrats, that because the
Whigs had no chance to waste the public
money, therefore they are not censurable for
wasting it? This fact is but sustaining the
charge already made.
Bth. “ Publishing the Riporls of the Comptroller
General, and Treasurer, and of the Banks. ” In
1843, these were not published with the Laws
and Journals of 1812, so that lhe saving did not
arise from cutting them off from the Laws and
Journals of 1843. The law cited by “Piney
Woods, ” prohibiting the publication of these,
though a Whig measure, exclusively, did not
produce this effect. The law was proposed in
the shape ofa resolution by A. J. Miller, Esq.,
of Richmond, in 1810, and has been acted upon
ever since—and was ingrafted again on an act
of the last Legislature, on the motion ot the
samegentleman. “Piney Woods” has not yet
relieved his party from the difficulty; for be has
tailed totally in his reasons. He is right when
he says that Gov. Crawford has had all the
printing done the law required—he has paid
lair, just and reasonable prices—he has paid
the demands when presented. But he has exe
cute! the law; and it is by reason ot the fact,
that the law has been executed by him, that the
great saving has been made.
Now let us post up the account, and see wha
the Democrats are entitled to:
Printin? List of Debtors of Central 8’k...5500
do. Bank Reports, in two papers 150
Making ©650
which had to be expended in 1843, which was
not required in 1811; and yet the difference in
expenditures is SB,OOO. Try it again, Mr.
'• Piney Woods,” and see it you can lilt your
party out of the difficulty. I krtow, sir, that you
know where the difference has arisen ; and f
know that you are well apprised of the fact, t’-.-.i
it wi-1 not do to disclose it. I will let you rest
for one week—and then, should you not make
the I will do it tor you. It is a point
as tender with you as the apple of your eye.
But I will say this lo you, that lhe saving has
arisen from a faithful and prudent administra
tion ofthe law by Gov. Crawford—and it is for
producing such good effects by an honest and
upright course, that he is entitled to the com
mendation of all good citizens.
“ Piney Woods”has likewise adverted to the
contingent fund, where it is shown lhat th.’ De
mocrats spent in one year, $16,000 more than
the Whigs; but he declines giving any expla
nation of it, because he says it could not be ex
pected of a private citizen, that he should be
able to do so! Is this any reason? Can not a
private citizen know as much of this matter as
apublicone? Both get their information from
the same source, the public documents. Be
sides, if “Piney Woods” was prevented from
knowing any thing < t this matter because he
icas a private citizen, why did not his being
snch, prevent him Irom knowing any thing
about lhe other funds, of which he has written
so much ? Now I say to “ Piney Woods,” lhat
I can prove that when he wrote that apology lor
his ignorance, he had a list before him ot every
item for which Gov. McDonald expended the
contingent fund, and he stated falsely when he
gave the excuse he did.
But thiscontingent fund, is a fund created to
be expended at the discretion of the Governor,
and bears the same relation to the Government
which pocket-money does to an individual.—
And as individuals with equal families, spend
more or less, according to their habits of econo
my, so do Governors spend more or less, each
having equal wants for the Government. Gov.
Crawford, by his habits of economy, has saved
$16,000 and applied it to reducing and paying
the debts of the family. Every man in debt
knows, that to pay them, he must save his pock
et-money and apply it to them.
There is but one exception to the fact of the
contingent fun I being tinder lhe control ot the
Executive, and that is, where Gov. Crawford
was required to repair the Slate House and Ex
ecutive Mansion, and pay for it out ofthe con
tingent fund. The Finance Committee oi 1844,
say, (page 6,) that of the expenditures thus
made, $1,400 was for materials for that purpose.
I will slop my letter here, and resume this sub
ject in my next.
PHILO SCHOOLMASTER.
Judge Berrien’s Address.
One among the most interesting ceremonies
ol a commencement at Franklin College, is the
awarding of premiums to the most gitted in the
art of oratory ot the Sophomore class, on
which occasion, it is the custom to deliver an
address lo the class, by some one selected lor
that purpose. At the late commencement this
duty was performed by the Hon. J. M. Berrien,
whose address we subjoin. The Savannah
Georgian, from which we copy, introduces this
elegant and ornate production ofthe distinguish
ed Senator, to its readers, with lhe following
complimentary remarks:
We are indebted to our Athens correspon
dent for a copy ofthe following beautiful Ad
dress. We hasten todeck our columns with it.
Like every thing else which has come from the
pen or the mind of its eminent author, it is
chaste, elegant, and beautiful in lhe highest de-
gree. Accompanied by the fine presence and
commanding delivery ol the distinguished Sen
ator, we can easily imagine that the effect it
produced was electrical; and that it sent a thrill
of intense excitement to lhe bosom of each of
his youthful auditory. We doubt not lhat all
will join us in the earnest wish we express, lhat
the distingushed men whose careers have illus
trated the intellect of the State, should
alter year, around the tihrine we bavtf faisid to
the genius pf educa' ipu, and stimiilate by their
' . t'..r fttiure diSTridion.*
Georgia be enabled to take her position, in the
cause of learning, side by side with the oldest
and proudest ot her confederated sisters.
My Young Friends :
The struggle for pre-eminence in the noble art
of Oratory, in which you have been recently
engaged, was full of interest. lam quite con
fident Ido but express a sentiment which was
common to all who witnessed it, when I assure
you of the very high gratification it afforded us.
It remains tor tne, in compliance with the
wishes of my associates to announce to you lhe
judgment which they have felt it to be theirduty
to render.
I have accepted this office, as you will readily
believe, with a mingled feeling of pleasure and
of reluctance;—of pleasure, because it awakens
recollections on which it is agreeable to dwell;
—of reluctance, from the unwelcome task of
discrimination which it imposes.
It is pleasant to behold the intellectual strug
gle, the active, vigorous collision of young and
gifted minds. The freshness and vivacity’ of
youth, impart a superadded and peculiar charm
to this mental strile. But its crowning excel
lence is exhibited when it is regulated by the
influences of a chastened ambition, and con
ducted in a spirit ot generous rivalry; when
brother meets brother in friendly conflict, with
the ardor and generosity of the knightly tourna
ment. The intellectual struggles of manhood,
whatever their arena, whether in the tribunals
of justice, in the halls of legislation, or in the
assemblies ot the people, borrowing strength
from the pressing interest ot the occasions which
prompt them, are calculated to excite graver,
olten it may be, stronger and loftier emotions.
Still, they fail to impart the pure and gentle
pleasure, with which we contemplate the rival
ry of lhe young, ere yet the scorpion sting ol the
passions has been felt in their bosoms, with
which we behold the outward manifestation of
that inward and buoyant spirit, lhat beams from
the sparkling eye, throbs in the swelling bosom,
trembles on the uplifted hand, and agitates the
universal frame of the youthful aspirant, as in
grave, or gay, or impassioned tones, it gives
utterance lo his thoughts, and expression to
his feelings.
It is pleasant, too, to contemplate in all its va
ried excellence, the noble art, to which you are
devoting your youthful energies; through the
long backward of time, to ascend to its mighty
source: in imagination to stand by lhe sacred
fountain, at which Demosthenes slaked his
thirst; pilgrims, like Tully, to the same conse
crated spot, ourselves to quaff ils pure and limpid
waters, and then to mark lheir continuous flow,
more or less clear or turbid, adown the stream
ol intervening ages.
It would lie pleasant, if our time and the oc
casion prompted even a brief consideration of
this interesting theme; a sketch, however hur
ried, ofthe use, the abuse, and the means of
but, though unearthly weapon, nevertheless one
tempered above, and vouchsafed to man by the
beneficence ot his Creator, to vindicate the
great truths ot government, ot morals, and of
religion.
A more vivid conception ot its use would be
obtained by considering the appropriate sphere
ol its exercise. Undoubtedly its highest excel
lence is attained, where great questions, deeply
affecting the interests ot a whole community,
are habitually or frequently agitated. Speak
ing ol Athenian eloquence, this position is thus
illustrated by a late spirited writer. “In Athens,
an incessant struggle for independence, for power
or for liberty, woul.d not fail to rouse the genius
of every citizen, to force the highest talent to
the highest station, lo animate her councils
with a holy zeal, and to afford her orators all
that, according to the prc.foundesl writers ot
antiquity, was necessary to lhe sublimest strains
ot eloquence. Magna, cloquenlia, sicul flamma
materia alibur, a molibus ercitatur, urendo clar
escit. ”
But it is not only amid the tumult and excite
ment which spring from “great convulsions in
public affairs, ” lhat true eloquence exists. It
flourishes also under the mild and gentle reign
of peace, “ as the protectress ot liberty, as the
patroness of improvement,” as the watchful
guardian of all the varied blessings which
Providence bestows upon man, Pads comes,
ohiquesociaetjambeneconstilulce, reipublicce alum
na. elfiipieulia.
It is only, indeed, in free governments, that
eloquence can exist in ils utmost vigor, for there
alone can it exert its whole magic power. Yet,
even there you would realize its tendency to
abuse, when in the heat and excitement ot party
conflict, under lhe banner ol each contending
party, yon saw the professed champion of truth
and freedom, profaning his high function, stoop
ing to the ignoble office of the demagogue,
striving to mislead where it was his privilege,
and therefore his duty to instruct, casting from
him the armour of celestial temper, with which
he had been clothed, to display in its stead, the
bravado of the braggart, or the trickery ot the
j“S« ,er - .
With this lofty but just conception of the use,
rnd thus admonished ot the tendency to abuse
of this noble art, it you turn to contemplate the
means by which it is acquired, you would na
turally look to the illustrious models of antiquity
tor guidance and instruction. It is a beautiful
compliment to the Bard of Avon, in which a
later poet represents him as lamenting his igno
rance ot the ancient classics, and the genius
and feeling ot that poet are touchingly exhibited
in the solace which he imparts. The lament
and consolation are brief but expressive.
“Eternal verdure blooms in tshatrspenre’s grove,
Where led by light from Heav’n. be oft wonld rove,
In solitude, and sacred silence blest.
And in the mu-ings of bis mighiy breast,
All, as he scann'd the volume of the past,
' Fer Greece and Home, one wishful glance would cast.
Mourn not, pleas’d nature cried, their sounds unknown,
My universal language is your own.
No similar consolation awaits the student ol
Rhetoric, who neglects the illustrious models ot
antiquity and contents himself with contempla
ting the copy of a copy, and that too a remote
and imperfect one, which is exhibited at this
day, instead of kneeling devoutly, it he is per
mitted to do so, at the shrine of the great origi
nals. Such a one, it has been tersely said, is
“ like him who attempts to catch a glimpse ot
some beauty by her reflection in a mirror, which
weakens her tints, if it does not distort her
features. ”
These are pleasant contemplations, recollec
tions on which the mind loves to dwell, and
naturally excited by thetask which is allotted to
me. It is pleasant, too, to express, as lam au
thorized to do, to all and each ot you, the appro
bation of those who have been selected as judges
of your rhetorical efforts, but where each one
has acquitted himself so well, thetask ot dis
criminating is reluctantly performed. It is
nevertheless a duty, not assumed, but imposed,
and to the best ot our ability, it must be taith
tully discharged.
The first'prize in this oratorical contest, a Gold
Medal, has been awarded to Henry Holcombe
Bacon, of Liberty County, Georgia.
The second, a Silver Medal, valuable in it
self. and rendered yet more so by ts e occasion,
and the motive of conferring it, has been award
ed to Lucilius Henry Briscoe, ofMonroe Coun
ty, Ga.
I present to you, young gentlemen, in the
name, and by the authority of my associates,
these certificates, as evidence of your title to
the Medals which have been awarded you. Re
ceive them as the merited reward of your praise
worthy and successful efforts in the study of the
noble art of oratory. Treasure them yet more
as precious testimonials of the affectionate
solicitude for your weltere, which is tejj by
your worthy and excellent instructor. Let the
enlightened benevolence which prompts the do
nation, find a reciprocal leeling in the lively
gratitude with which it is received. Wear them
modestly,as you won them nobly.alwaj s remem
bering that he alone is truly great who adds the
charm of humility in the hour ot triumph, to
lhe vigor and ability which have enabled bim to
achieve it,
VOL. IX.—NO. 34.
MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 18.
Sale of the Monroe Rail Road.
The following communication, which we find
in the Macon Messenger, more than insinuates
that there has been some foul dealing in the sale
of this road.
Messrs. Editors— ln your notice ot the sale of
lhe Monroe Rail Road, you say that it was a
cash sale, and that every thing was done “fair
and above board;” the presumption is then,
that you know all about it, and if yoa will
answer the few following questions, you will
give satisfaction to a large number, who, al
though they have not the good fortune to save
lheir thousands by the transaction, are sure ol
loosing their hundreds.
Was it made known through the public pa
pers, that the terms of sale were cask?
Was it stated by one of the Commissioners,
that it the Cash (the terms of sale,) was not paid
up in two hours, the Road would be re-sold?
If these questions are answered in the affirma
tive, please to say whether they have been com
plied with.
Did the Commissioners receive, as they were
bound to, the $155,090 in cash from the pur
chaser! Did they, according to lhe decree, hand
over the cash to the Clerk of the Superior
Court; and has he deposited the cask in the
Agency of the Mechanics* Bank?
Or was the terms of the sale satisfied by New
York credits? If so, what is lhe nature or re
sponsibility ot these credits? £
These questions are not .put, opt ol any idle
curiosity, but to satisfy the numerous creditors
and parties interested; and further, the public V
have a right to know, as aU are interested. Q.
idence very conclusive against the Commission
ers. The grand flourish about the character of
the Commissioners is rather an unfortunate
rounding off of such a paragraph. The best
evidence that the commissioners could give that
every thing was "fair and above board" would
be to show that it has been so:
We have no time to seek for the information
required by our correspondent. We profess to
know nothing more than what, perhaps, every
one else in this community knows. The terms
of the sale as published, and announced at the
time of sale, were cash. We understood that
the credits given by the purchaser were passed
upon, and received as cash; but whether they
have been since converted into money, and
where deposited, we are unable to say. The
character of the Commissioners is a guaranty
that all has been “fair and above board. ”
Saltpetre will not explode I So say the in
vestigating Committee of the City Council ot
New York, after having made three several ex
periments.
Captain Voorhees has been sentenced to
be reprimanded, and also to be suspended tor
the space of three years—and the sentence has
been approved by the Secretary ot the Navy.
Sudden Death.—The Columbus Democrat
says:—On Tuesday last, 12lh inst., as Rev.
Thomas Jepson, ofthis city, was returning from
a religious meeting some 8 or 10 miles above
town, the horse he rode became frightened from
the sudden opening ot an umbrella, and sprang
aside throwing Mr. Jepson upon a stump with
such violence as to cause death in about four
hours. Mr. Jepson was a devoted member and
local preacher oi the Methodist Church, and had
taken great interest and participated actively in
the revival recently in progress in this city. He
was aged 40 years, and has left a wife and four
children, with a large circle of relations and
friends to mourn his decease. Truly, “in the
midst of life we are in death.”
Jj-The Ice exports from Bostouduring July
and June were 5,885 tons, against 5,638 last
year in the same time.
An iron light house has just been completed
by Messrs. Dunham * Co., of New-York, for
Ihe-Snsnisfi Government »rAc»wt at ..
transportation, and when erected on its destined
site will form a beautiful and enduring struc
ture.
Pittsburg Manufactures. —Every few days
the Pittsburg papers announce the opening of
some new manufactory in that busy hive, and
it is really a marvel to note the progress of Pitts
burg manufactures. An extensive manufacto
ry of tacks, brads, &c., has just been establish
ed, which turns out from 400,000 to 500,000 per
day; an anvil manufactory is soon to be erected;
the Messrs. Shoeberger have put up a new roll
ing millot (he largest class, and are to erect
another still larger; Mr. Hartman is building a
rolling mill and machine shop; Messrs. Ken
nedy, Childs & Co. are building an extensive
cotton factory; and the Gazette states that ano
ther cotton mill of smaller dimensions will com
mence running in a tew days.
TV The Wetumpka Argus of the 12th inst.
says:—On Wednesday night the 6th inst. there
were two deaths in our city. There has been
several cases of fever on the East side within
a tew weeks past, occasioned as is thought by
the extreme warm weather followed by cool
nights. The west side, however, is much more
healthy. We learn there has been considera
ble sickness, of fever, in the neighborhood fct
Alexandria, Benton county. We apprehend a
very sickly season, this year, yet prudence in
diet and precaution of exposure may prevent
mucn disease and suffering.
Extraordinary Passage.—The New Or
leans Bee otthe 11th inst. says:—A merchant
of our city left here some time since, by lhe
mail, arrived in 9 days at Boston, embarked on
board the British steamer, which left two hours
after his arrival, reached England in 10 days,
passed over to France, remained 25 days in
Paris, returned to England, embarked on board
the Cambria, arrived in Boston eleven days
after, and returned to New Orleans yesterday—
thus completing his voyage, transacting his
business in Europe, visiting France once and
England twice, and returning to our city in 65
days.
O The amount of tolls received on all the
canalsof the State of New York during the 4th
week in July, was s73,7Bo—the total sum re
ceived up to the Ist of August was $1,107,269.
This is more than has been received during any
year except the last, when the amount reached
$1,137,717.
A four story building, designed fora cotton
factory, is now in course of erection in Allegha
ny City, Pa. The owners, Messrs. Kennedy,
Childs * Co., expect to have it in operation
about the commencement of next year, and in
tend driving seven thousand spindles. The cost
of the lactory, it is estimated, will be 8100,000.
JV The shipments ot specie Irom New York
to Havre and the West India ports thus larthe
present month amount to $67,000.
Revenue of the Port of New-York.—
The importation of foreign goods at the port of
New-York for the first eight business days ot
this month has been unusually large. The
amount ot cash duties and deposites received at
the Custom House on the merchandise entered
has been as follows :
Cash duties. Deposites. Total.
Friday August 1..533,463 856,685 890,148
Saturday, do 2...30,316 57,640 88,001
Monday, do 4...42,839 99,410 142,349
Tuesday, do 5...44,633 127,860 172,493
Wednesday, do 6. ..69,394 110,265 179,659
Thursday, do 7...48,595 93,030 141,625
Friday, do 8...44,312 62,010 106,322
Saturday, do 8. ..32,586 44,679 77,265
Receipts for eight days $997,862
Being $2,138 less than a million dollars.
Washington, Aug. 14, 6J o'clock, P. M.
An explosion took place at the U. S. Arsenal,
Washington, this afternoon about half past four
o'clock. A man named Alb"rt E. Irving was
killed while preparing percussion powder for
small arms. The building was shattered to
pieces. It is stated that the man was engaged
to be married to a young lady in Baltimore.