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OU) SERIES, VOL. LIX.
*■—
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
fc IB PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WBEKLY, AND WEEKLY
BY J. W. <& W. S. JONES.
Th« Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
?-; ■ IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for *5.
Ten subscribers, one year, for S2O 00
7>i- Weekly paper, at Five Dollarsper annum.
Hally paper, at Ten Dollars per annum*
Cash System.—lu no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; andin every instance when the time
for which any subscription may bo paid, expires
before the receipt offunds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 92.
Eater from Europe.
By the arrival of the Steamer Hibernia at
Boston we are in possession ot Liverpool ac
counts to the 4th inst., ten days later than the
accounts by the Great Britain. As we received
no paper containing tire news, we are compelled
tooonftneour report to the following extracts
f • from letters received in this city, giving the
commercial intelligence and a report of the
PPW at Hie cotton mdrltct.
BMpU* Liverpool, August 1.
ts- 5 *- Our markets are in some degree influenced by
. ,’iN the state of the weather, which has been unset-
J tied, and not favorable for ripening the crops of
grain, and as the harvest will be rather late, it
renders the result more precarious. This has
produced iuereaseu excitement and speculation
in the Corn Markets, and advanced the price of
flour in bond to 21s. to 225. for sweet, and 19s. a
20s. for sour. Wheat of good quality ia bond
would bring 6s. to 6C6 per 70 lbs.—and free Cana
da Flour is worth 30s. per bbl. The weather is
good to-day, and those is consequently less ex
cltement, and though partial injury may have
been sustained, we are inclined to think that
with favorable weather for the next few weeks
'■». the crop of wheat wiil still prove an average one,
and the spring crops very abundant.
The demand for Cotton has been comparative
ly moderate with a turn in favor of the buyer,
particularly for the low and middling qualities,
though there is little disposition shown to press
sales. The quotations for fair remain as given
on the 18th ult., say fair Upland 4g, fair Mobile
K*' 4j, and fair Or leans 4Jd per lb. The sales for the
* week ended Ist inst., amounted to 32 970 bales,
of which 7,500 were taken on speculation and
2,800 for exports. The American descriptions
consisted 0f7,150 Upland at 3J to 51, 12,500 Or
leans at 3} a 6J, 6,470 Alabama and Mobile at 3|
a 51, with 36Mobile at 6J and 450 Sea Island, at
10 a 20d per lb. The import for the same time
R wa5.52,000 bales. On Saturday 2nd inst. the
K sales were estimated,at 5000 b iles, and to-day
v about 7000 have been sold- The stock in this
port Is now computed at 1,059,000 bales, of which
833,000 is American. Trade at Manchester con
tinues good but the last accounts by the India
Mail of the state of the Eastern markets are less
encouraging.
Liverpool, August I—p. M.
£ On the whole, the cotton market has remain
" ed in a quiet stateduring the week, although at
a very slight concession in price, there have
been always purchasers ready to buy, and a
strong disposition on the part the trade to
< profit by any temporary calm. The advices
; . from the United States are generally understood
to be lavorable to holders. Under any circutn
(-’*, stances it seems certain ihe coining crop can
iws-i’- r nnt ihp lanil uzmilH rpnnirA »vprtr
... lhin| in.respcct of weather to be |rjfsU9«s]Llo
Rf- : : days has beert the main cause of the prevailing
re quietness, as any injury done to our own hjr-
Kteg" vest would naturally have an injurious effect
ff. ‘t «pon the money market, and incidentally affect
■BP? cotton. Occasional sales have been made since
E£re- our last circular at Jd W lb. decline, but this is
rather the change of the last fortnight than of
SSI. the seven days, and to-day there is some revival
of demand and an improved feeling. Brazils,
particularly Maranhams, are dearer. Egyp-
Kre lians remain without change. Surats are steady
‘ -y at l ast week ’ s prices.
■ Th® M ' es lh ' s wef k, (with 11,000 bales to-day_
andaateady market,) amount to 32,970 bags,
including 7,000 American, and 550 Maranliam
on speculation, and 2,700 American, and 50
Pernam for export. Thqmnota ions, according
re. to the standard now adoplSi by the Brokers’ As
sociation, are, for lair Uplands lj I, fair Mobile
4jd, and lair Orleans 4jj/l? )b.
The import of the uwek is 52,280 bales, in
clusive of four vessels arrived but not reported.
®~* Farmers’ Coixeur.— The Ohio fanners are
I;: ' about to establish an institution, the object of
which is to give a business education to the
young men of (tie country, embracing a com
plete course of natural science, end bearing
■■-j especially upon practical agriculture and lite
fe ar[s -
Finn.—A fire occurred in N. York on Satur
iW're- May morning which consumed three large
K&gre. buildings in West street, occupied as a carpen
ters shop. Marbles, Linseed (ill, Candle and
gcA- Soap factories. Loss #so,ooo—lnsurance §5,-
n• 400.
An Exi’ra Session.—The Philadelphia In-
-rej’ q«irei of Monday, »ay»:
We hear it rumored on pretty good authority,
•’ that should Mexico declare war against the
United States, the I’resi lent will immediately
call an extra session ol Congress.
It is said that a number of the qjji ers ol the
Brigade commanded by Gen. A. L. Roumlbrt,
of Philadelphia, have Volunteered their services,
and that Gen. R has tendered his own and their
,5?. services to the General Government, in case of
war with Mexico.
Bjj*. Letters or Marine and Reprisal.—We
reL- ... heard if stated on Saturday last, by an intelligent
■Lk i officer of the United States Government, that
Mr. Polk was determined, in case of a war with
i- Mexico, to make a terrible example of any
foreigner or foreigners, imt belonging to M<x-
MKv t ico, or parties to the war, who may attempt az-
MHF gressionsupon American commerce tin-.! tcolor
■Egt.... of lelters'ot marque from the Mexican Govein
ment. He will give orders to the Naval com
manders io treat all such adventurers as pirates,
B? ... as in reality they will be.—PAi/n. dgrr.
feaf-ss The ship Kalamazoo sailed from N -w York
-on Friday for Texas, with Unite ! States Gov-
J . emment troops on board.
Manci'actcre.s in the South.—A woollen
• factory is about to be put in operation in Frede
ricksburg, Va. under circumstances which pro
mise great success. The Recorder expresses
its gratification at this movement and says :
■/; ’ “ We beg our farmers to remember that they
• can dispose ot all the Wool they raise, in their
i§s’ own market, and at prices much better then
s® . speculators, who buy to sell again, can afford
? ' to give. Would they not do well to pay more
attention to the growth of Wool I In three
years, they will be sure ol a greedy market lor
all they can make, at their very doors. The
?-re » march ot enterprise, we trust, is onward in old
Virginia! Manufacturing establishments will
I . soon spring up elsewhere; and we indulge the
hope, that the unequalled water power of lhe
Rappahannock will not long remain unimpro
ved. We appeal to our capitalists to set the
“ ball in motion. The most obtuse business sa-
. ! gacity cannot fail to see the extraordinary ad-
vantages presented, and the rich reward whictf
must inevitably follow.”
K.-f.-e*! M The interest which tlie farmers have in the
extension of manufactures in our country,
(says lhe Baltimore American,) will be more
IM • nnd more understood an I appreciated as the
results ol lhe Tariff are seen. Wherever a
eotton or woollen factory is established or a
® • turnace or any other establishment tor manti
factoring on a I arg: scab-, lhe tanners in the
j. neighborhood find a market at band; and in
fc- v proportion as such "establishments flourish and
Bsjgre increase and cause villages and towns to spring
up, in such proportion d res the lan I all ar mn.l
rise in value. The extension of the manuiae
luring system toward; th- ..uh is bee unit >g a
■■ thing worthy of especial note. !• must wotk
| Ofc important changes in the industrial habi:; ol
( thepeople wlrerevrr i: .- re : In < I an.'. re'.:-
A Word to Planters.—Cur agricultural
readers must not grow weary, says the Savan
nah Republican, ot our frequent allusiohs to
the subject ol round bales. We are convinced
that we are honestly consulting their best inte
rests, when we use every possible and fair
means to arrest their attention on this and other
points connected with the improvement of their
condition. To this end we ask them to read
the subjoined extract from a citizen of Georgia,
how in Boston. It is from the pen of one who
' isdeeply interested in the very improvements of
which he speaks, and who could have no possi
ble motive to mislead or deceive.
These are the facts which he makes known
to his planting brethren ol Georgia:
1. That Georgia cottons bring inleriorprices
to those wTiich are from the GuifStates.
9. That this arises from two causes, the prin
cipal of which Is that they are generally packed
in round bags, and consequently are totally un
fit lor exportation.
■ 3. That our cottons on reaching Boston, real
ly appear to be of inferior quality.
4. That this inferiority results mainly from
the carelessness of our planters in packing it,
but in part perhaps from the deterioration ot
seed and the impoverished condition of our
lands.
Every one of these reasons will be found to be
entirely within the control ol the planters them
selves. All that is required t>ttt,»m ia to give
less attention to the quantity produced and more
to the quality of the staple and the manner in
which it is prepared tor market. The advance
in the price of cottons and the increased value
given to the lands themselves, will more than
counterbalance the difference in the amount of
production.
The remark in regard to the’ probable deterio
ration of seed is especially worthy ol con
sideration. This may be remedied to some
extent, but not entirely, by constant care in se
lecting the seed from the most thrifty plants
and those having the finest staple; but one great
secret in improving the quality of the crop con
sists in a periodical change ot seed. That pro
cured from the GuifStates is preferable, but an
interchange between planters of the same State
is attended with some good results. Every far
mer in a grain growing country, knows the ten
dency of seed to run out and the importance of
frequent changes. The cotton plant is not less
subject than others to the influence of this law
ot vegetation. In many sections of country,
this subject is entirely neglected by the planters,
to their positive injury as individuals, and as
an important class ol producers. We trust that
ad such may reflect carefully upon the hints
thrown out by our correspondent in the following
paragraph. He says:
“1 sometimes meet with manufacturers, and
have been induced to ask them the cause of the
difference that seems to rule in the price between
Georgia cotton and that from Mobile and New
Orleans. They say it is because that, though
sometimes the former works as well as
the latter, yet that the former is too of
ten deficient in staple. Whether it is be
cause the seal, has run out, or th*., lands are
poorer than those on the Gulf, they cannot say;
and then again most ol the Geottgia cotton is in
round bales, and they know at once where it
comes from, and take a prejudice against it,
even though it may on trial prove as good as
New Orleans, There is a preference too, in
the order ot square bales over round, which
makes them take ihe Gulf cotton. Water gets
in between the layers of the jound bales, and
makes more crust and they are
easily split open and broke in two, and much
trash gets in among the cotton ; and then there
is a loss in weight. Round bales cannot be
sold for export here, and ifGeorgia cotton were
more usually in square packages it would
more frequently find its way to markets now
unknown to it. lam convinced that if put up
in square bales so much difference would not
be made against it, as the round bales often have
a black mark against them which prevents a
fair trial ofthe cotton on its own merits. Efforts
should be made 100, to manure and enrich the
land and improve the seed.”
Advantage of Manufactures.—See what
manufactures do lor the laboring classes, men
women and children. The Merrimac Com
pgpy at Lowell, whose dividends are ’so often
Quoted, employs ',250 women, whose average
earnings considerably exceed 82 each per week
above the cost of their board. The laboring men
average 85 cents per day above their board;
fifty-six overseers receive $2 each per day, with
occasional premiums. The average working
time of each hand is but ten hours and a half.—
In the Boote mills a careful account of working
lime has been kept, and it appears that 106 girls
averaged 267 days each in a year, and ten hours
eight minutes per day each, being paid accord
ing-to her work, and all paid in cash every
month, not one farthing in storeorders or barter
of any kind. The average earnings of the wo
men in all the factories, including novices, is
81.93 per week, besides their board. Many
girls who have been school teachers gladly take
places in the mills, as the pay is higher here,
and the work lighter,though the hours are long
er. No one has lost a sixpence of her earnings
in the Lowell factories since the first was start
ed. The girls have about 3100,<M)0 in the Sa
vings Bank. Such is the condition of the la
boring class in the principal manufacturing
town in America.
jailor, Mr. John Bevil, of Catnden
S. C., was killed on the morning of the 4th inst.,
by three negroes who escaped from jail. The
negroes were at large at lhe last accounts.
Miss Cynthia Browning, who attracted
much attention at Louisville as the Kentucky
Giantess a few months ago, died in the neigh
borhood of Flemingsburgh on the 23d July.
She was remarkable lor her small size at her
birth, her mother having been repeatedly heard
to say that a “ quart cup” would have afforded
ample room tor her accommodation—but at the
age of sixteen she weighed two hundred and
fifty pounds, and at her death she was nearly
seven feet high. She is represented to haw
been of “a charitable, affectionate and pious’
disposition.
Another Mute.—Our readers have often
heard of the case of Laura Bridgman, whois
deaf, dumb and blind. A correspondent of the
Philadelphia United States Gazette has seen, at
the Institution in South Boston, another pain
fully interesting case—Oliver Caswell, a boy
about 14 years .of age, in the same melancholy
state of utter sensible world.
"He has ■»
flmryears; bis reasoning fßwers seem quite as
fully developed as those of <ur more intimate
acquaintance, Laura Bdrrman. Our interest
was paintnllv e.Wred-ns he passed into the
room before us, with his teacher, who is also
blind. They were talking rapidly with their
fingers, theonlv means of communicating being
by the touch. He is a bright, intelligent look
ing boy, his head finely formed, and bis face
expressive of every feeling that passes within.
They sat down behind a desk, and opening a
book, were soon edgaged in a lesson of Geo
graphy. It vras a study in which he seemed to
take extreme pleasure. The mode of commit,
nicating ideas to his mird was curious. Mr.
town, river or mountain, then also as quickly
as we would have spoken the word, by the rapid
movement of bis hand within Oliver’s conveyed
to him the name of the place. Often as some
new idea passed through his mind, a bright
smile would irradiate his intelligent face, and
he would push back lhe light wavy curls from a
brow that was a sure index to the intellect that
might have delighted the world, bui for the dis
pensation of an all-wise Providence, that or
dered it to slumber in darkness and silence, un
til called forth in the gradual opening ot light
to his young mind.
“ There seemed no sadness in his face; his
naturally calm and placid expression only gave
place to a brighter look of intelligence, or to the
smile that lit up his whole countenance with no
ordinary beauty. His teacher says he some
times laughs, and when asked the cause, says,
‘Oh, I’m happy.’ ....
“ When Oliverfirst entered the Institution, it
is said that Laura’s delight was extreme to find
that there was one other in the world like her
self. Mutual affliction seems to draw them to
gether, and they lake more pleasure in each
other’s society than in that of any other mem
ber ot the Institution.”
Br Morse s Magnetic Telegraph.—The
following intelligence, says the Baltimore Ame
rican, ot Tuesday morning, was received by
Morse’s Telegraph, from Washington :
“Washington, G o’clock, 30 minutes, p. M-
Mr. William Kendall, son of Amos Kendall,
v as, a few minutes ago, met upon the Avenue,
and shot dead by Rufus Elliott, brother in-law
of John C. Rives.”
The Slave Trade in Brazil.
Wecppytbe following passage, hinting at
the extent to which the Brazilian slave trade is
carried on, and the participation of American
merchants in its enormities, from a Rio Janeiro
letter published in the New York Evangelist.
The writer introduces it, by giving an account
ot a visit to our representative in Brazil, Mr.
Wise, whom he says he found in a tine house,
surrounded by an interesting family ot six
children, busy enough in studies and pastimes,
yet not so but that the elder ones often sigh lor
the society and scenes of home, and wish them-,
selves there again. Os the inquiries of Mr. Wise
concerning the slave trade, and results, he
thus writes:— N. Y. Courier. '■* ‘
“He has been vigorously prosecuting an in
vestigation into this famous business ever
since he has been here, and it is his statement
that not less than 64,000 slaves have been im
ported from Africa during the last year, and
5000 since August last, in American bottoms.
He grew eloquent in expatiating upon the
prostitution of the American flag to the slave
trade, and said his chief business while here
had been to examine depositions and papers,
and make inquisition into the recent cases in
which American merchantmen had been enga
ged in the nefarious traffic, and transmit the
proofs to Washington; and that he had never
worked harder in his life before. He lias a
Urge folio-vo’orne, a good; part of # tifesely
written, with copies ol the despatches on this
subject to the Department of State, Irotn which
he read extracts to show his views upon it, rnd
to make me acquainted with the names and
ownership oi a number ot vessels from the
United States that have been and still are pros
ecuting this infernal traffic.
He expresses the opinion that if the people of
the United the extent to which this
worst of piracies is conducted under their flag,
and by vessels launched and owned in their
tree Northern waters, a law would be passed
at the very next session of Congress, forbidding
all trade with the coast of Alrica. He says,
moreover, that every conscientious American
ship owner may be given to understand, that if
he send his vessel to this port, with instructions
or permission to the captain to get her charter
ed lor the coast ot Africa, she will be sure to be
engaged directly or indirectly in the slave-trade;
either as a tender to other slavers, or herself to
carry the dreadlul cargo ol miserable Africans.
American merchants here, to whom the Amer
ican captains consign, knowingly aid and abet
the slave-trade, by chartering Ihe vessels so
consigned to them for the coast of Africa, at a
much higher rate per month than can be got if
sent elsewhere ; not, indeed, tor anything that
appears on the face of the charter party, to be
engaged in the slave-trade, but not the less
sure lor that, on purpose to prosecute the trade
of blood.
American houses (I repeat it) are the agents
or medium through which American brigsand
barques are chartered for the coast of Alrica, to
Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, the notorious great
slave merchant of Rio de Janerio. Alter
making a tew profitable trips with slaves, on
charter, they are generally sold to Fonseca or
the slave factors on the coast of Africa, at
Cabinda and elsewhere, for three times the
money they would bring for lawful voyages.
The American house gets 2j percent, commis
sion otrthe charter money; then 2$ per cent
more if they guarantee it; then 2J per cent,
more if employed to transmit the value to the
owners in Ihe United States. The English bro
kers’ htfltse, Hobkirk, Wretman& Co., through
which they accomplish these negotiations, gets
also 2j per cent. The vessels clear at the cus
tom-house for the coast of Africa, with slave
decks, shackles, water tanks and other appurte
nances, and with a cargo of ardent spirits,
powder, muskets, cotton goods, &c.; and some
times having both an American and a Brazil
ian or Portuguese captain and crew.
Having discharged their goods, the medium
of barter, and taken on board their closely
packed living cargoes, the American captain
and crew, if they had them, are shipped on boatd
a brig that has gone before to act as their ten
der, and a Brazilian or Portuguese captain and
crew are supplied, if they had them not. In
the one ease, the tender brig returns to Rio Ja
neiro, either navigated by the Americans or
with them as passengers, and not unfregnently
with some branded slaves for Fonsecn. in the
'srfWßW|facliyas p --.r...-r«. For., th.,;
appears, she will have performed a lawful vdy-
age, tri'at is, having only wailed upon the sla
vers, with some goods lor purchase money ot
the slaves, and got them ready, and havibgthen
helped the slavers to a Brazilian or Portuguese
crew, who, it taken by English cruisers, can
not be hung like Americans or subjects of
Great Britain.,. The blopdy slaver then speeds
her way through the horrors of the ‘middle
passage.’ slily lands her human cargo, mure
dead than, alive, at Cape Frio, Mangaratiba,
or other places along the coast of Brazil, and
lhen boldly runs into this port in ballast, and fits
again for the atrocious voyage.
Mr. Wise has now in custody, on board the
frigate Raritan, two African lads with Fonseca’s
brand upon them, that were brought into port
thus as pretended passengers in an American
brig, along with Fonseca’s agent, who had
been in a brig up and down the African coast
to contract lor slaves, said American brig act
ing as tender to three or lour others immediate
ly employed in exporting slaves. She was
seized by the U. S. brig Bainbrige, on the charge
ot being engaged in the slave trade, but after
ward delivered up to the Brazilian authorities
for judgment, who have (if I am rightly inform
ed) released the masters and officers, whom
M. Wise was desirous ot sending for trial to
the United States. The African lads and cer
tain others have been retained, and are to be
forwarded as witnesses to the United States.
There is a tale of blood and horror connected
with this brig, to be in due time unfolded. It
was given on oath, a few weeks ago, by a sea
man of another American brig, the Kentucky,
lhat the first night after leaving the East coast
of Africa with a cargo ol 650 blacks, a part of
them got louse from their manacles, and rose
on the crew. But being armed with muskets
and cutlasses, the crew soon drove them below
again, and killed a number by firing inio them
after they had cried tor quarter. A tew days
after, others of lhe survivors were condemned
to be executed, lhen hoiste’dupto the foreyard
arm chained two together, and shot dead.—
When two were taken out of the hold chained
together, ot whom only one was to die, Io save
the shackle andsave time, they chopped offthqir
victim’s foot at the ancle, let the legs loose, then
run him up to the yard arm, and finished by
shooting him. In this manner were murdered
forty-six men and one woman."
The Abolitionists foiled. —A correspon
dent of the Newark Daily Advertiser, writing
from Northampton, Mass., furnishes the follow
ing account ot an incident of recent occurrence
in that town, in which a citizen of Savannah
was an actor. Surely the abolitionists had
little with which to console themselves for their
pains:
“An inetdent has just occurred here which
is perhaps worthy of mention on several ac
counts. A highly respectable gentleman of
Savannah has been spending a portion ol the
summer at lhe Mansion House here, with his
family, including a favorite colored serving
woman. The family and woman were alike
surprised an evening or two since by a writ ot
habeas corpus issued by Judge Dewey, at the in
stance of one Erastus D. Hudson, upon the pre
tence that she was “ unlawfully restrained of
her liberty.” In appearing with her at the
chambers of the Judge, Mr. Hodgson in the
handsomest manner forestalled all investigation
by conceding that the girl was made free by
being brought into the State ol Massachusetts,
and denied that she was under any restraint
whatever Judge Dewey then explained the
law to her, and informed her that she was at
liberty to go where and live with whom she pleas
ed, and that the laws would protect her. The girl
with remarkable promptitude and earnestness
replied that she was fully aware of her rights,
and was under no restraint whatever, and that
she chose above all things to live with Mr.
Hodgson and his family. This ut course put
an end to the matter, and the little knot of med
dlers who had hoped to deprive a most excellent
family of a favorite servant, who enjoys in the
careful guardianship of a kind and conscientious
mistress every possible indulgence, besides the
benefit of good instruction, are justly rebuked.
It is proper to add that the citizens generally are
said to express the strongest indignation at the
conduct of these men. While the people here
are to a man opposed to slavery, there is no sym
pathy with xne inconsiderate men whose rash
ness serves only to exasperate the evil.”
The number ot passengers from Boston to
New York and from New York to Boston, du
ring the month of July last, by the several routes,
byway ol Norwich, Stonington and Newport,
including as well those by steamboat, as those
by the Long Island railroad, was 18,168. Os
this number, 16,343 were first class passengers,
and they were nearly all carried fora fare ot $2
each; and 1,8-26 were second class passengers,
mostly carried at §1 621 each, making the gross
receipts about 836,000. In carrying these pas
sengers, six or seven steamboats ot a large class
have been regularly employed, and the cost of
the several railroads over which the travel pass
ed with their respective establishments, was
about §10,000,000.
VLIiSTA. GA.. THURSDAY MOrSng, AUGUST ;2S, 1845.
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 23.
Senatorial Nomination. —The Whigs oi
Oglethorpe and Madison counties, have nomi
nated James Long, as their candidate for Sena
tor in that district.
New Cotton.—Fourteen bales new cotton
were yesterday received in this city from the
plantation oljohn C. Poythress of Burke Coun
ty, which sold at 7f. cents and stored with
Messrs. Doughty, Beall & Roberts.
First Ward Meeting.
The following gentlemen were appointed, by
the Whigs of the First Ward, at a meeting on
Thursday night, delegates to the Convention at
Windsor to nominate candidates for the Legis
lature :
Foster Blodoet, Samuel Shelton,
H. R. Philpot, John B, Campbell.
WETVMPia.—Thr Argus says:—lt is aston
ishing to witness with what rapidity mortar and
brickscanbeconverted intofine buildings. Al
ready has the greater pdttion of the burnt dis
trict been rebnilt, and still the hammer and the
trowel of the industrious artisan continues to
ply from morn tiff n iglu. L
* —--y
” Atlantic MAE" Steamers.—lt will be re
collected, says the Baltimore American, that
a law was passed by the last Congress grant
ing to the Post Office Department authority to
employ steamers to carry the mails to European
ports. The Washington Union says that a
proposition has been recently submitted to the
Postmaster General to take another route than
the usual one byway of Newfoundland, &c.,
and adds that the source irom which it emanates
is of ihe most respectable character. The pro
position is to have two steamers employed tor
the present, between the ports of New York or
Norfolk and Lisbon. The arguments urged
in favor of it are—first, that Lisbon is the near
est and most direct, frequented Western Eu
ropean port; second, that in case of disaster
secure harbors are offered, without deviation of
course, at the Azores, situated in the very track
and about mid-voyage, where deposits of coal
can bemide at Fayal, to be taken in, if need
ed; and third, that there is less danger, if any,
ofice. The Union remarks—
The friends of the proposition, therefore,
infer—first, that the mails will cross the At
lantic with greater speed and security at ail
seasons; then secondly, that these mails can be
distributed at the Lisbon General Post Office
for their different destinations, to be
ly sent forward by steamers to Gibraltar, Cadiz,
the Mediterranean ports, to Smyrna, Egypt, to
India, and thence to China; by land to Madrid,
Paris, and other interior places of Spain,
France, and beyond; and, thirdly, that this
correspondence will reach the aboyemenlioned
places many days earlier, anti ala cheaper
rate of postage, that if carried from America
to England or France; for, be it observed, let
ters which are mailed in England go to the
enumerable countries via Lisbon, where mails
are regularly made up and taken by steamers
to those ports.
It is urged, besides, that the situation ot.
Lisbon, from whence a railroad is to be made
with all convenient despatch to the frontier of
Spain, and probably at an early future day to
Madrid itself, and perhaps beyond, ought to de
selected as the most convenient point of general
rendezvous by travellers to all parts ol Europe,
Asia, and Alrica; for there are periodfchl de
partures and arrivals of steamers to and from 1
England, France, and Sjjain, and to and from ]
the ports of the Mediterranean, &c., &c. J
It is said, too, that this increased
with Portugal would necessarily'
ol freight, both :'jr the outward
passage; and hence revive the droofS^H':' ■:
merce between the two countries;
couragemetit is not necessary to
and the United States. B
Its friends allege that there is
these American steam-packets w
to no higher port charges, or other ex(^B-’ ; 'c
in the port of Lisbon, than are paid by
packets of other nations, but that all would
treated in every respect alike.
New Cotton.—The Savannah Republican
of Thursday morning says: seven bales of new
cotton have been received in that city, from the
plantation ot S. A. Jones, in Burke county, per
Central Rail Road, which classed “good mid
dling fair.”
We understand by a gentleman who arrived
in the cars on Tuesday night from Macon, that
two wagon loads of new cotton were received
in that city on Monday last, anddisposed of at 7
cents per lb.
learn from the New Brunswick
Courier that a project has been started for a
rail road communication between Canada and
Nova Scotia, through the Province of New
Brunswick and the territory acquired under the
late boundary treaty. The capital of the pro
posed company £2,000,000.
State Stocks in England.—A private let
ter from one of the most eminent Brokers in
London says—“ Sales of Pennsylvanian Slocks
have been effected at 70, dividend from August.
In other Stocks we cannot quote better prices.
Some large sales have been made of Indiana
Bonds at 26, and subsequently at 28 per cent;
Mississippi Five per Cent. Sterling Bonds have
been sold at 20 per cent., and the Six per cent,
dollar Bonds at 50. In other Stocks no change,
and nothing doing.”
Fire at "Ashland.”—-We learn from the
Lexington Observer that the largebagging fac
tory, rope walks, &c., of the Hon. Henry Clay,
near that place, were entirely consumed by fire,
together with fifty tons of hemp and asmall
amount of manufactured articles, on the morn
ing of the 7th inst. The loss is stated to be
from seven to eight thousand dollars, five thou
sand ot which, we are glad to learn, are covered
by insurance in the Lexington and .Kina offices.
The fire was supposed to be the work of an in
cendiary. •
Boats and Shipping in New-Orleans.—
We made inquiry yesterday, says the Picayune
of the 17th inst., as to lhe number of boats and
vessels now in this port, and find the following
to be lhe result There were yesterday after
noon eighteen steamboats lying here, but four
left last evening, leaving us fourteen. “The
steamship Alabama is here, but chartered for
Texas by the Government. There are nine
ships in port, all of which are taken up', and
neat ly all are loaded and ready for sea. The
number of barques is two; bne ot which has
cleared and the other is loading. There are
two brigs now discharging, and the schooner
Water Witch, just in from Vera Cruz, makes
up the grand total. This shows a smaller num
ber ot sea going vessels in port than we have
ever known personally. The numberof steam
boats is very small, but we have known fewer.
If the United States continue to charter as free
ly as they have recently done, our wharves will
soon be stripped.
Georgia Rail Road.—We learn from the
Watchman that a locomotive laden with iron
for this road, approached within two miles of
Decatur on Tuesday the 19th inst.
The Big Hatches.—The St. Louis Repub
lican slates that legal proceedings have been in
stituted against Captain Frisbee, of the steam
boat Big Hatchee, growing out ot the terrible
disaster and loss of life which befel that vessel
some three weeks since. He gave bonds lor
his appearance.
Forgery.—A draft altered from #IOO to §90(1,
was on Saturday morning presented at lhe
North American Bank, and paid. The person
who received the money was very genteelly
dressed, and wore a pair of gold spectacles, who
had taken lodgings at a hotel in the immediate
vicinity of the Bank. The forgery was shortly
afterwards delected, and the forger arrested.
He was taken to lhe city police and committed
to prison. We learn that the whole ofthe money
was recovered. — Phdad. Penn.
Symptoms of
From our ?<uw Orleans we copy
the following intelligence in to the
movements ot Mexican troop® upryn ■ the fron
tier of Texas, which seem* toproduced
quite a commotion in
We, of course, know notM|jifcijf how this
“tztiMcrffic" information leaclnjd Gen'l. Gaines,
but to us it appears quite imprbhftfele'that any
such force as is representeil, is marfhlng upon
Texas. We shall therefore aw "t ijsriher intel
ligence with some degree of aFriMy, although
we confess we regard the of Mexican
troops greatly exaggerated.
7'rom the N. O. Picayune, nth inst.
Texan and Mexico."
Important Movement of Themps—RiMisition for
Menon our Governor— The Cud Rerpond. ito.—
About 11 o’clock yesterdajt business
took us out of our office; nnd as w.i went down
Camp, and on to ffie Post saw citi
zens grouped together at every Earner, talking
intently about—*we (Itrn knew not •■' al. They
seemed elated andm high spifi&t and as they
consisted promiscuously cd ‘tWi whigs and
democrats, we knew that the their re
joicing must be something JsM®;than a mere
political party triumph. WhefiTwo men met,
we could hear one tell .(he qiheis'ftMh a signifi
es: : -i.01.-, to -harpen “ icpinier” (the
n isli up bis old rift*,' <’ ’
We soon learned ' -
“ What has caused tins great commotion
The city through. ft '
It was, at the time we speak of, publicly and very
generally known thawhe veterHi Gen. Gaines,
the Southern military division of
the United States, had madejwfemand on Gov.
Mouton for one or more for the
national service, and*that the fepernor prompt
ly made a requisition on Gen. Lewis, com
manding the firstvdivision ot tbd-’Louisiana
militia, for the required two regi
ments of of ten comjflt tes each—
one oi them to consist of and one of
riflemen, and two conriukMMFof artiHery with
eight field pieces. The' requisition was of
course immediately (tnd will be
put forthwith into executions" mA
It was the knowledge of’th’iifacT that caused
the excitement amongst oufeitizens which we
have attempted to describe; —it was this that
made them seem as il t
“Their souls were in arms
And eager for the frsy!"
We understand that the whole of the artillery
force ot the city—a most effective and well
armed corps—have volunteered their services,
and that they have been accepted. Our gallant
uniformed infantry companies are not, in the
meantime, listlessly resting on their arms: calls
for meetings of the officers of the Washington
Regiment and Louisiana Volunteers may be
seen'in our paper to-day. In fact, Ihe question
will not be “Who will be suffered 13 remain at
home V’ but “ Who will be permitted to enrol
themselves amongst them, the defenders of their
countrymen beyond the SabineT’ Before to
morrow’s sun ascends the meridian, the draft,
in mercantile phrase, will be honored, and were
il numerically ten times the atnot nt which it is,
it would be met with the same alacrity and
good will.
This movement is said to be consequent up
on authentic information which has reached
Gen. Gaines, of the advance oflo 000 Mexican
troops to a point within eight march ot
General Taylor’s quarters. aware
ol the precise made
volunteer them,
' c.|2 1,1 ' 1
-\‘'s
...■■'■
.-iv?d
•> <n thonsaadWf -J'-* ■*'S
. ,0. eight days marchV'a
at St. Joseph's I-
[..netted a messenger to ‘ at
Pass Christian, claiming a
regimentsof volunteers,(of ~ hj
one to consist ot Infantry ' -n ;
an J two companies of Arlill'^^^Hß'' ; “ield
pieces. The requisition was imtaflßSEo „ ant
ed, and will be put forthwath iflljexecution.
The two Volunteer Regiments are to be sta
tioned at the Fortsand Barracks on the Gulf,
subject to the orders of the Government; and
the United States troops at present in garrison
at those stations are to be immediately transfer
red to Texas, The two Companies of Volun
teer Artillery will leave on Wednesday, on
board the steamship Alabama, together with
four companies of United States troops, (7th
Regiment, Infantry,) two of which are expected
to-morrow morning, from Pass Christian, under
Captains Moore and Holmes.
The above information may be relied upon
as authentic. '
From the Columbus ( Go.) Times.
The Cotton Crop-—The Farmers.
If lhe present crop do not prove a short one
in a large part of Alabama, Georgia, and South
Carolina, it may be set down that lhe plant is
proof against bad seasons. We have made
general and particular inquiries upon the sub
ject. We have conversed with gentlemen who
have travelled extensively in Georgia and Ala
bama, inquired of many Planters, studied the
newspaper accounts, and had some correspon
dence, and the universal testimony of all the
witnesses is, that lhe plant has suffered most se
riously by the unusual drought. This is true
of lhe Atlantic Cotton Slates and of Eastern
and Southern Alabama; .although occasionally
we find a planter, who had been favored with
partial showers, and whose crop, until the last
four weeks, bad not suffered at all. But many
of the latter are now suffering for rain.
We heard yesterday of a planter in Talbot
county, who ottered, seriously, to give to a
friend his entire crop of Corn and Cotton, it he
would undertake to “ bread” his family lor the
year. The effect of the dry weather we under
hand, has been to stop lhe growth of the plant,
io wither it and cause it io shed ITY fruit. In
stead of increasing the quantity ot fruit, as it
should do at this season, and putting out new
bolls on the top branches of the weed, the en
tire process of production is suspended. The
prospect for the future is not more promising.
Should we have a late tali, which is not proba
ble after an early sprtng, and the drought con
tinue, the planter will not be benefitted; because
the small yield will have fully opened and be
picked before the ordinary period of frosts; and
should it turn in wet, with an early fall, the ef
fect will be still worse in causing an increased
shedding of fruit and damage to the little that
is made? In any event the Atlantie-States must
fall considerably below an averagecrop.
But more distressing than the failure of the
cotton crop, because it will produce more gen
eral suffering, and lhat, upon lhe poorer class
ot the people, who are least able to bear it, will
be the almost total failure of the corn crop.—
There are many—very many rich fields of corn
land in Georgia, that will not make half abush
el ol ears to the acre.
In Meriwether county, we hear that some
Planters are cutting down the stalk and curing
it in that state—the fodder and the earsnot being
worth pulling separately. Already, are our
people turning their eyes to the great granary of
the West tor their supplies. We hear of one
large Planter in an adjoining county, who se
riously contemplates moving his force to some
section further Wes;, for a year, andfor the sole
purpose of feeding them in q cheap grain coun
try. None but a Planter knows the extreme in
convenience of the failure ot a corn crop. It
his family, black and white.be iage, it is a
calamity of no trifling magnitude. Negroes,
mules, and stock, consume a vast amount of
grain, and it is ruinous to have to buy for a large
force, at 75 cents and #1 per bushel,
While it is difficult to provide a substitute for
corn, the Planter may dosomethingto remedy
the evil. Rye is an excellent substitute for win
ter pasture for horses, mules and hogs. Tur
nips are an admirable food for cattle. These
sown in generous quantities, will go far to pro
tect lhe planter from the gloomy winter prospect
before him, an I to save many a head of stock
from starvation, where there is no winter range.
It is greatly to be hoped, that while the farm
ing interest will stiffer so severely in the curtail
ment of their productions, one good effect will
be, thatihey will be able to obtains belter and a
remunerating price for what littl# they do make.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
Arrival op TnE
STEAMSHIP HIBERNIA.
Ten Days Later.
The steamer Hibernia arrived at Boston on
Sunday afternoon, in the short passage of thir
teen days.
Parliament was expected to close about the
9th inst.
The weather continued unfavorable for the
crops.
Mr. Charles Ware, a distinguished American
merchant, residing in Liverpool, died on the
11th inst.
It is said that several English manufacturers
are about to establish factories in the Zollve
rein.
Mr. M’Lane, the newly ajipointed minister
from the United States, has arrived at Berke
ley-square, London. The London press an
nounce his arrival with cordial greeting.
From Widmer <f- Smith's European Times.
'. Arrival, of the “ Acadia.’’— The Rqy»l mail
hereoh the 29th ull., at I’ld’cfJcTrfA.M.i after
a very good voyage of 12 days and 18 hours
from Boston. It having been notified by tele
graph that she had on board Mr. M’Lane, En
voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
from the United States, a number of persons
assembled at the pier to witness his landing, as
amarkot respect. During his stay in town be
occupied apartments at the Adelphi Hotel, and
proceeded on Friday to London. By the oblig
ing promptitude of the agents, Messrs. D. & C.
M’l ver, our papers were landed and forwarded
to London by an express train, where they were
read at the principal public establishments the
same evening.
The Celebrated Bit; Gun.— The remarkable
specimen of British skill which was so lately
manufacturedin this neighborhood for the Uni
ted States steam-ship Princeton, is now destin
ed, in connection with its fellow, for the arma
ment ot the frigate Constellation, which is be
ing altered into a steam-ship. The Princeton,
it is ascertained, is too small to carry', without
detriment, either of these enormous engines of
destruction. The Constellation won the first
laurels of the American navy in 1799, under
Com. Turner.
Capture of Five Molly Maguire’s Men.— A
correspondent of the Evening Packet announ
ces that on Tuesday night, the 22dof July, Mr.
Christopher Plunkett, R. M., accompanied by
sub-inspector May, and his police party, and
also by a party of thesth Fustleers, commanded
by Lt. Millman, proceeded from Swadlinbar to
Glen and Ballinagleragh, where, after a search
of upwards of 30 miles, they succeeded in ap
prehending five of Molly Maguire's sons, who
have been fully identified and committed to pri
son, to abide their trial. The capture has af
forded great satisfaction, being regarded as evi
dence that the authorities possess such informa
tion as will enable them to break up the dread
ful confederacy organized for the destruction of
life and property. ,
Commercial. I
The elementscontinue to be an objectot seri
ous apprehension, and fears forthe safety of the 1
harvest are daily on the increase. The weather '
continues broken, the temperature is low, there 1
is little sunshine, and the absence of warmth is I
supplied ty occasional falls of rain, which in '
serious, but not irrepa-
B up i“
t, »»•, hyw*. « .
J'•-'i ” -C 'A
coin
’ HrV
* *
and or less acute, to every
W
At Dantzig a good deal of speculation has
beer/ going on, and prices equal to 425. per
quWter, freeon board, have it issaid, been paid.
For supplies received from the interior, down
the Vistula, 34s to 36s have been realized. At
Rostock and the lower Baltic ports 34s per qr.,
frde on board, have been given, an 1 even at
these rates only a limited quantity could be
had. At Stettin nearly the same rates have
ruled. In short, the least additional excitement
woulcrerend up the price of wheal alarmingly
all otf r Europe.
Ewn with fine weather, it is believed, so low
arejfe stocks, that the recent advance will be
mamained; and, if the worst apprehensions are
in less than a month from this
be at 80s. or even 90“ per quarter. It
is to be placed in the accounts from
the Baltic ports, the produce of wheat in the dis
tricts where it is most extensively grown is like
ly to be very deficient.
The state of the weather has been making it
self felt in the cotton market. The gloomy at
mosphere of last week chilled all disposition
for business, and prices on the middling kinds
of American declined Id per lb. The sales of
the week were only 32,000. Yesterday, however,
the market rallied a little, speculators were nib
bling, and matters wore a more healthy appear
ance. The sales were 8,000 bags, and of this
quantity 3,000 were taken on speculation. In
the manufacturing districts there has been no
change worthy of notice. Business remains in
nearly the same condition as at the sailing of
the last packet, with, perhaps, less buoyancy of
feeling, owing to circumstances at which we
have already glanced.
In the Iron trade there has been more doing of
late. The price of Pig Iron has been reduced
in Glasgow, where it commands x>3 7s. 6d. per
ton, and in Liverpool £'3 15s. Bars realize £1
12s. 6d. to .£7 15s. The price of Rails rules
from £9 10s. to £lO per ton.
The intelligence which came to hand recently
that the current halt year’s interest, due on the
stock ot Pennsylvania, would not be paid—at
least forthe present—has had an injurious effect
on the price of American securities generally.
Prices of most kinds ot the Securities of the
United Slates have suffered in public estima
tion, and this shock to confidence can only be
restored by a speedy return to promptness and
regularity.
Annexation of Texas.
The annexation of Texas, which may now
be regarded as consummated, is too important
an event in the history of nations to escape the
lynx-eyed vigilance of the press in this quarter
ol lhe globe. It has been freely commented on
since the atrival of the Acadia, last week,
which brought lhe resolutions of the Texan
Congress. The annexation is not, ot course,
palatable to John Bull, which is, perhaps, the
best reason why it should be popular on the wes
tern shores of the Atlantic. The leading organ
of the late Government, the Morning Chronicle,
makes it the subject of a bitter attack on lhe
foreign policy of lhe present Cabinet, which
might, and ought, it contends, to have prevented
the catastrophe. It is ridiculous to hold such
language. The Ministry could not have pre
vented the annexation,"if they had strained
every art which diplomacy suggests. The po
licy of Mexico, ever since Texas wrested her
freedom from that imbecile power, has, step by
step, accelerated the event at which the latter is
now so chagrined. The ungrateful, not to say
pitiful, conduct of Santa Anna, in constantly
keeping in “ hot water,” and actually making
war upon the people who first defeated, and
then, with a generous heroism, gave him life
and liberty, caused Texas to be attracted, as
sympathetically as the pole attracts the needle,
to the United Stales. The citizens of that coun
try were in feeling, as they now are in name,
citizens of the great Republic—one common
sympathy of country, and kindred, and institu
tions, animated alike the minor and the major
Republic. The "star-spangled banner” has
increased another stripe, and has baffled the po
licv ot European statesmen—those long-headed
personages, who fancy that, like Joshua, the sun
ought to stand still at their bidding.
What has taken place was inevitable in the
nature of things, and lias long since been anti
cipated by all who could read the signs ot the
political horoscope. But American aggran
disement, they say, will not stop here. This
large slice of decrepid Mexico may feed, but
will not satisfy, greedy Republicans. Yearn
ings after California are already apparent.
Oregon, nav, Mexico itself, may be swallowed
up speedily by th* energetic Anglo-American
race, now spreading over the northern continent.
Such are the fears of the rulers of the old
world, fears which are participated in, to some
extent, by many who ought to know better, in
our own island.
Collision o) the Steamers.—Loss of One Hun
dred. and Thirty five Lives.— On the nightof the
11th July, on the Black Sea, about 40 miles
east of the Bosphorus, a most dreadful catas
trophe took place. TwoTurkish steamers, the
one coming from, and the other going to Trebi
zond, came into a sudden collision, and one of
them went down with the greater part of the
crew and passengers.
The vessels were the Scutari, commanded
by Mr. Dubbins’, and the Medjehrai Tidjahret,
commanded by Mr. Lambert.
The vessels parted: the Medjehrai Tidjahret
dropped about a mile astern, and in the course
oflessthana quarter of an hour it was found
she was sinking rapidly. The Scutari, which
had got but slight damage, then went to her
help; but it was too late. Very few compara
tively could be saved.
About seventy, however, by swimming, and
by clinging tospars, reached the Scutari, where
they clustered round the paddle-boxes until
they were taken in. Captain Lambert and an
engineer were picked up by a boat ot the
Scutari. All the rest, one hundred and thirty
five souls, perished. Their agony was a short
one, but it was terrific.
As the Scutari approached the wreck she
heeled over (the people on the deck, like wild
maniacs, were visible in the moonlight,) and
as the sea sucked her down—as the vortex of
waters she formed in sinking almost made the
Scutari' spin round wtrt: the motion—there
rose a scream of utter horror—a last scream 1—
which those who heard will never forget.
But more impressive still was the passive re
signation of the Turks; they sat motionless
muttering their prayers; neither by cry nor ges
ture did they manifest any consternation! In
passive silence—amid the shrieks ot despair of
Christians—the fatalists met their frightful
doom. From the first shock to the sinking of
the vessel not more than half an hour elapsed.
The captains of the two vessels, you will see
by their names, were English, the engineers
were also English.
Ireland.
Repeal Association.— At the meeting of the
Repeal Association, on Monday, the most
prominent subject was a dispute between the
repealers in London. A section of that body
were in rebellion against their warden, Mr.
W. J. O’Connell; and they threatened to call a
public meeting at the National Hall, in Hol
born, to lay their grievances before the public.
Mr. O’Connell said that if they did so, their
names should be struck off the rolls ot Concilia-,
tion Hall. The repeal rent for the week was
announced to be over .£250.
Wexford Repeal Demonstration. — This great
repeal demonstration took place on Wednesday,
the 23d ult. The progress of Mr, O’Connell
from Bray to Wexford is described as one long
triumphal procession. The last named town
was crowded with people awaiting Mr. O’Con
nell.
Mr. O’Connell responded to the toast propo
sing his health. Having readLingard’s ac
count ot the alleged atrocity, he proceeded to
congratulate the women of Waxford on their
present safety. The ruthless barbarians should
never again even think of slaughtering one of
them. His countrymen would die by inches
sooner than permit them to do so again. Mr.
O’Connell concluded by exhorting them to re
turn an out and out repealer as their representa
tive in parliament.
The Fatal Conflict at Ballinghassig.— A
meeting was held at Cork on Tuesday last, con
vened by the Mayor, in compliance with a re
quisition, in order to express to her Majesty’s
government the opinions ofthe citizens regard
ing the recent inquest on the bodies of seven per
sons killed by the police at the fair of Ballin
hassig. The court was crowded. The meet
ing was addressed by Mr. Callaghan, M. P.,
and several aidermen and members of the coun
cil. The resolutions expressed the feelings ol
horror with which the citizens regarded the re
cent homicides; demanded of the government
a more searching investigation; impunged the
the result of partiality, arising from
of a large majority ofthe jury being
and called on the government to
use of fire-arms in future to the police
as in England, as no where siren! !
■■■ better administered Ilian rereui,
ijiaY'tb’ largely and most ut.pi-: . ;; ire,
government.
re? i
entered lhe town in procession aL .re
three o’clock on the 27th nit., his reti
being estimated at 100,000, and extending
■tree miles fn length. As they paraded the
Biwn, “showers” of boquets fell into his car
riage from windows filled with ladies. The
march closed al the square, where an out-door
meeting was held; Mr. Francis Comyn, once a
justice of the peace, presided; and 150,000, it is
said, were present. On Monday, Mr. O’Con
nell held a kind of levee for the reception of ad
dresses; and there was a great dinner in the
theatre, at which four bishops were present.
The speeches, including that of Dr. M’Hale,
Archbishop of Tuam, were not striking, if we
except some beauties in oration by Mr. Steele.
He talked of the voice of the lion ofthe fold of
Judah (Dr. M’Hale) speaking to the Saxon
ministers, and combined with lhe “repercus
sive roar of the multitudinous assembly ot the
people of “Galway.” “Your chairman,” he
remarked, “has said that we were ready
to die with the Liberator: why, to be sure
we were; and blasted be the thrice infec
ted traitor who, professing in words to be de
voted to Ireland, is not ready—ay, ready and
steady for weal or for woe, for good or for evil,
for every extremity, however ghastly, to share
lhe fate of O’Connell.”
Spain.
Spain is still feverish and unsettled; At
Tarragona the troops were atiacked by a mob,
and the soldiers had to fire in their own defence.
The conscription was the cause of the riot.
The new system of taxation has met with fierce
oppositicn in various provinces. The Minis
ters were about leaving Madrid to meet the
Queen at Saragossa.
Greece.
The accounts from Greece represent the
country as being overrun by robbers. —Assassi-
nations were frequent. M. Petsali had been
murdered in front of his own house, and the
dwelling ot the Receiver General had been
broken into and plundered. A large booty—
-47,000 drachmasofthe public money—was car
ried off by the rascals.
France.
The massacre of which the Arabs have been
the victims in the cave of Dahra has been freely
commented on in the French and British press,
and its atrocity has been the subject of just and
general condemnation. Marshal Soult has
travelled out of his way to throw the shield of
his official character round the man-roasting
Colonel Pelissier, under whose supervision the
baking and stewing ol hundreds ofhuman be
ings was carried on. The affair is a sad stain
on the glory of the French arms, and impairs the
hitherto high character of their soldiery.
Correspondence of the Philad. North American.
New-York, August 17, P. M.
The war news has not had a violent effect
on the stock market as yet. A good disposi
tion is shown to sell at current rates, but not to
sacrifice much. The underwriters have ad
vanced the rate on vessels bound for the Gull,
and refuse risks on the Pacific without the war
clause is inserted. Capitalists on the whole,
show no fears of war* or if a war is declared it
will be confined to lhe Texan frontier. The
war question is much talked ot, but nothing
like a panic is seen anywhere.
The new propeller Massachusetts sails hence
on the Ist of September, and has several pas
sengersengaged—among them the Hon. Thomas
H. Perkins, of Boston, nearly 84 years ot age.
The Great Britain has fourteen passengers en
gaged, and will no doubt go out with a hand
some list.
Markets are active but no great change in
prices. Flour remains at §4.25a 4.31 to 4.37
for Ohio and Genesee.
The Northern Lake markets and the markets
of northern New-York, have been very dull all
through the week just ended; and although the
receipts via. canal are much reduced, there is
nothing seen in the business ot any of the mar
kets that looks like a rise in the prices ot bread
stuffs lor some time to come.
Volunteer Troops.—We understand that
Gov. Mouton has countermanded the orders pre
viously issued, and will issue his proclamation,
in conformity with the requisition of Gen.
Gaines, orderingout four regiments of volunteer
troops for Texas. They are to be enrolled and
held in readiness to march at a moment’s warn
ing, should their services be deemed necessary
by Government. — N. O. Bee, 19th mst.
A Carbful Spouse.—Ata polytechnic exhi
bition in Liverpool, got up by the Mechanics’
Institute, a newly married couple expressed a
determination to “godown in the diving-bell.”
“Oh don’t, my dear,” exclaimed the bride,
“ it must be dangerous.”
The bridegroom was obstinate; and at length,
finding her entreaties unavailing, his lovely
Beatrice sunk her demand into a compromise.
“It you will go down, my dear,” said she,
“and peril your wile’s happiness, let me beg of
you to go down in your old coal." jr
There have been built at Pittsburgh, siftc
the Ist ol January last,
MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 25.
Position or the Government in Case or
War.—The Executive of the United States
cannot declare war, but when it is once declared
against us, it becomes his duty to oppose the
belligerent power with all the force, offensive as
well asdefensive, that he can command with the
ample resources ot the country. As comman
der-in-chief of the army and navy, the Execu
tive, with the advice oi his cabinet, it is said, is
making such disposition of our forces that in
case of a declaration of war by Mexico a suc
cession of blows will be struck on the coast,
simultaneous with invasion by land; and an
extensive terrritory once seized as indemnity,
it is thought Mexico will be prepared for a trea
ty of peace. '
The Bridge District,
At a meetingofthe Whigsof the Bridge Dis
trict, convened for the purpose of appointing de
legates to the convention to nominate candidates
to represent Richmond county, in the next Le
gislature, the following gentlemen were appoint
ed :
John Williams, Jeremiah Winters,
James Alwell, William Rachels.
Military Movements,—The Picayune of
the 19th inst.saya,:—The response of our citizan
soldiery to the requisition of the Governor is
jßstaswehad anticipated. There will be no
want of troops, and any number of them that
may be desired, to impress Mexico with the
means at the command of the United Stales to
repeland punish any act ot hostility into which
her blind fury may urge her.
All the arms, ammunition, and equipments,
requisite lor the two companies of Artillery,
arrived yesterday from Baton Rouge, and this
pait ot the volunteer force will take their depar
ture on Wednesday next, on the Alabama, for
Corpus Christi. The Courier of last evening
says that four regiments of infantry will be im.
mediately called into the service and organized,
but that their movements will depend some
what upon circumstances.
The Bee of the same date has the following:
—This morning at 9 o’clock, Capt. Forno’s Ist
company of volunteer artillery, destined for
Texas, will be mustered into the service of the
United States. The ceremony will take place
at the gun-house of the company on Girod
street.
The 2d company of volunteer artillery, we
understand, are also ready for duty. Each
company will be in possession of four field
pieces, one twelve and three six pounders.
Preparations.—Under this head the Wash
ington Union supplies the following informa
tion respecting the action ot the Navy Depart
ment. The frigate Potomac, which had return
eifto Pensacola in consequence of a leak, it ap
pears, needs no repairs which cannot be made
at Pensacola. She is probably already in order
for going to sea; and, within a week, will doubt
less be so.
The Marion, at Boston, is nearly- ready.—■
The Congress, at Norfolk, will be ready in
about two weeks, and will sail lor the Pacific,
under Captain Stockton. Commander Dupont
goes out in her on special duty.
The Columbia, at Norfolk, and the United
States, at Boston, (both frigates,) will, as a re
serve force, be ready for sea, the one in thirty,
the other in forty days, if needed.
The brig Dolphin, at Norfolk, is ready for
sea, as also the sloop Dale. _
It is to be hoped, there will be no occasion' for
employing any part of this additional force; but
it is due tc our commerce to be prepared to pro
tect it. The necessary orders for the Pacific
station were forwarded long ago. The Cyane
will be a valuable aid to suuaii~
our commerce in
that quarter seems, for the present, safe enough.
There is no doubt that lhe administration is
taking every precautionary measure to meet any
contingency which may occur. It is throwing
troops into Texas, and providing arms ar.d ra
tions for any additional force which the Texans
may bring to our aid. We are collecting strong
squadrons in the Gulf and in the Pacific. If
Mexico should be mad enough to declare war,
and attack us, we shall be prepared to meet her
at once. The promptitude and energy of our
government will be felt at every point. Whilst
they are conducting our foreign relations with
a circumspection which would avoid all un
necessary collisions, they are firmly prepar
ing to meet every danger with the energy which
becomes a free people. By these prompt and
various preparations, they are showing to our
own people, as well as to foreign nations, that
we are wide awake—increasing the confidence
which the people ought to have in the govern
ment, and arresting the attacks with which Mex
ico threatens us. If she be not entirely infatu
ated by misguided councils, she will refrain
from making a blow at us, which must fearfully
recoil upon her own head.
We continue to hear of the military arrange
ments which are made in various quarters to
meet any crisis which may occur. Troops are
hastening towards Texas.
The Issue.
Any one unacquainted with the shifts and
cunning ot some ofthe leaders of the Demo
cratic party, says the Macon Messenger, would
suppose from reading their papers, that an elec
tion for President was now* pending, and not
that of Governor ol the State.
The friendsot John Quincy Adams’s “Attor
ney,” are constantly endeavoring to draw the
attention of the people from the qualifications of
the two candidates for lhe office ot Governor, by
assailing Mr. Berrien, or adverting to national
politics. Will the election of a Governor in
fluence the choice of the representatives of the
people for their Senator? Or would the “ At
torney” convert the half of the Legislature into
apolitical arena, and canvass for votes for some
party favorite ?
Judging from the past, the people have the
right to suppose, that the Democratic Governors
have not been employed in the duties which the
constitution and laws prescribe, or have been
lamentably deficient in those qualifications, so
necessary to the discharge ot those obligations
which they owed to their constituents, and un
mindful ot the best interests ot the State. Per
haps they have been employed in “national
politics.” Perhaps some "Senator Berrien”
stood in the way of the advancement ot some
political hack, and Executive influence was
necessary to remove him; and the interest of
the party was more potent and of more binding
obligation, than the laws of the Slate. Let a
depreciated currency, prostrated anddishonored
credit, high Taxes, and “McDonald and Re
lief,” answer.
When the people are pointed to the able, faith
ful, and efficient administration of Governor
Crawlord, the -Democratic prints reply—Mr.
Berrien made a Tariff speech at Albany, and
therefore Mr. Crawford should not be elected.
When the people are pointed to the rigid
economy which has been most successfully
practised by Governor Crawford, and his unre
mitted efforts to lessen the expenditure of the
public money, and finally to lighten the burden
of taxes, which Democratic misrule made ne
cessary, they reply—Mr. McAllister is a “ pow
erful strong Texas man 1”
And the “Attorney” himself is obnoxious to
this charge ot changing the issue, of “ travelling
out ofthe record,” when he says, that “ Georgia
will place herself by the side ol Republican
Virginia or Federal Massachusetts,” (we quote
Irom memory.) The election of Governor in
this State, is not an unerring evidence ol the
opinions ofthe people upon national politics.
Personal popularity, sectional jealousies and
prejudices, and perhaps the recollection of faith
ful public services, often influence the result.
The people want a Governor who will in
truth and in fact be Governor of the State; and
in the choice ot their Senators and Representa
tives to Congress will, in the exercise of a dis
criminating judgment,select such agents as will
faithfully represent them there.
The candidates are before the people. One
of them has proven himself honestand capable:
the other, by his utter subserviency to party and
by once preferring office to honor and the inter
ests and dignity of his State, has truly inform
ed us, that he cannot safely be trusted.
Anti-Rentism.—The Albany Argus has fur
ffipwrtffreVrmifTn’ii Delhi up to Sunday, from
’ which we 'earn than.ore than forty persons are
now in custody, some ao witnesses, but the
greater portion as principals c subordinate
abetters in the outrage which r«Ui?d in the
murder of Steele.
VOL.IX.~NO. 35.
From the N. O. Bee, I9lh insl.
Later from Mexico.
The steam schooner Augusta, Captain Gil
lette, arrived yesterday from Matamoros, hav
ing left that port on the 12th instant. By this
arrival we have been furnished with the follow
ing letter addressed to Captain G. by a gentle
man ot Matamoios, whose position enables him
to acquire early and correct information. We
subjoin it, premising that the statements con- ■
tained in the first part only confirms previous
advices, and that the remainder of the letter does
not appear very clear and explicit:
Matamoros, August 10th, 1846.
The papers received from Mexico and Mon
terey by this day’s mail bring the following im*
portajit items of news:
Ontlie22dof July, the Government submit
ted to Congress a declaration ol war against the
United States—the said declaration to be made
when there is news of the arrival of American
troops in Texas. But the Government recom
mends to Congress to act on a bill authorising a
loan ot fifteen millions of dollars previous to
acting on the war bill. It appears that the loan
is almost completely negotiated— at least so th*
official paper gives us to understand.
By a despatch from the Mexican Consul at
New Orleans, the General commanding this
point has been informed of the shipment of
troops and artillery at New Orleans, destined for
Corpus Christi and Bexar. These troops
amount to 2000 men.
With regard to the movements ot the troops
here, we know positively that all the points
along the line of the river will soon be covered—
Arista has about 3000 men; General Paredes is ;
coming to Monterey with about four or five i
thousand; General Gaona is coming also with j
3000, and General Bustamente goes to New 1
Mexico. Thus far, however, notwithstanding I
these preparations, I believe that hostilities are
not so imminent as might at first be thought.
There is no General-in-chief appointed yet—no
contracts for the necessary supplies of a cam
paign, or a serious incursion into Texas.
Some persons, generally well-informed, think*
that the Government nseds money greatly, and
is disposed to hold up the prospect of a war, in
order to get the loan approved. The hope that
foreigrj intervention will soon put an encl to the
difficulties between the two countries seems to
be at the bottom of the ideas ot this government,
which on the other hand, if we may credit let
ters recently received from the capital, appears
to be threatened with a new revolution.
By the next mail we shall probably have the
debates of Congress on the loan bill and the
war, and will then be better able to see into the
future. Yours, respectfully.
From Yucatan.—The schr. Argus, Capt.
Suares, arrived last evening in ten days from
Laguna. She reports that on the 6th instant a
Mexican brig of war two days from Vera Cruz,
arrived at Campeacby with the proclamation of
Garcia Conde, the Mexican Secretary of War,
setting forth the intention of the Mexican gov
ernment to declare war against the United
States, and calling upon the government of
Yucatan to iurnish their quota of troops to as
sist the General Government. The authors, af
ter deliberating for four hours upon the demand
of the Secretary,returned an answer, “that in
case of an invasion of their own territory by the
United States, that they would raise a sufficient
force to repel the invaders, but that they could
not assist in furnishing troops to Mexico in a
war against the United States.”
From the N. O. Bee of the I9lh tnsl.
From Texas.
By the arrival of the brig Rover we have re
ceived papers from Galveston to the 9th inst.,
and from Austin to the 30th ult. They contain
very little news. The New Era, published at
Austin, says:—“The members ofthe Conven
tion are progressing steadily and cautiously with
the important work assigned to them—ana with
an unanimity, a zeal and patriotic devotion that
should remove every apprehension for our be
loved country. The destiny of Texas could
not be entrusted to safer hands.
It was thought that the Cotprention would not
adjourn before the thiijd week fit August.
W e see no mention made of the rumored in
vasion of Texas by 10,000 Mexicans.
CJ-By the brig Hope Howes, we have re
ceived Galveston papers of two days later date.
They contain nothing of importance. M
From Aransas ship Queen ■!
'?© IHMtF Vi
She of the third ■]
and fourth regimentvßßMnted States troops, ■]
under the command ofGeneral Taylor, had H
been conveyed by the steamer Undine, from St.
Joseph's Island to Corpus Christi. The steam
er Moiunoth, although in a leaky condition, was
enabled by use of her pumps, to serve as a
lighter between the transports in the Bay and
the Island. The steamer Dayton, chartered by
the United States Government to assist in the
transportation ol the troops and equipments
from St. Joseph’s Island to Corpus Christi, and
which had left Galveston on the sth inst., had
not arrived at Aransas (a distance of only 150
miles) when the Ciueen Victoria sailed. Fears
were entertained that'she had been lost during the
blow on the 7th instant.
General Taylor had not heard of any Mexican
troops being within annoying distance of him. It
is hardly probable from his present position that
he could have received the intelligence should
such have been the fact. He had already crossed
the Nueces and planted the United States
Flag in the ancient department of Tamau
lipas, he had only to sleep upon his arms and
await the approach of the Mexican army, it
having been decreed, it will be recollected by
thatgovernment, that the passage ol the Rubicon
by the United States troops, would be consid
ered as a declaration of war.
What is a Federalist!
This is a question which is often asked and
but seldom answered, it is a poser to many a
Locofoco, who fancies when he comes down
upon a Whig with the overwhelmiag charge
“ you are a Federalist” lhat lhe battle has al
ready been fought and won, and the enemy
routed “horse foot and dragoons.” We have
sometimes amused ourselves by asking these
declaitners lhe meaning of the term. General
ly we have received for answer, something of
this sort. “Federalist,” “Federalists,” “,why
you know what a Federalist is—a Federalist
is—a Federalist?"
There is another class however of Locofo
cos who when the question is propounded,
reply “a Federalist is in favor of Bank, Tarifl
and Distribution." We propose to examine
these tests of Federalism and to see by the
light of history and documents, whether these
are the ancient landmarks ot Federalism, or
have been inrented by modern Democracy with
a view to fix upon the Whigs a name, which
has long since become unpopular, on account
of its unfortunate connection with the Alien
and Sedition Laws.
Ist. Let us try the Bank Test. The two
parties were still called Federalists and Re
publicans in 1816, when the second Bank was
chartered by Congress, and it is a histerical
fact, worthy the consideration of Locolocos,
that three fourths of the Republicans voted for
the Bank, and three fourths of the Federalists
against it. The charter too was sanctioned by
Mr. Madison a Republican President, not as the
Locos say “contrary to his own convictions,”
but because he deemed it “a'setlled question.
Again, in 1832, when General Jackson veto- .
ed the Bank, he expresslysaid, lhat if Congress
would apply to him for a plan,lhe could furnish
one that would be “ Constitutional.”
2ndly. The Tarifffor Protection. Upon this
subject lhe Locofocos are divided among them
selves. At the North they are nearly all for
protection, and at lhe South there are some lor
it, bur the greater part against it. Then ac
cording to their own showing more than halt ot
their own party are Federalists, because more
than half advocate the Tarifl. In 1816 a Tariff
lor protection was a favorite measure with the
Republican party and was opposed most bitter
ly by the Northern States, where the strength
of Federalism was mainly found; and by none
more violently than by Federal (now “Demo
cratic”) New. Hampshire. Mr. Madison, Mr.
Clay, Mr. Lowndes, Mr. Cheves, Mr. Cal
houn, Judge Barbour, and all the leaders ot the
Republicans were in favor of this Tariff.
3dly. Distribution of the proceeds ot the Public
Lands among the States. This Whig plan for
disposing ot' the public domain has received
the sanction of every President from Washing
ton down to Van Buren, and was especially
lauded by General Jackson, in his first two or
three messages, but for some cause or other, he
suddenly changed his opinions, and thenceforth
to advocate Distribution became Federalism,
in the eyes of Locolbcos.
The iruth is lhat there is now no Federal
prrtv but the Locofocos come nearer to it than
the Whigs. The Federalists disbanded more
ihan twenty years ago, and whilst we acknow
ledge that there are a few among the Whig
party, we aver there are many more, among
the Locofocos.
We will engage to name two Federalists
now prominent among the Locofocos, for every
one that may be pointed out to us by any Loco
foco Editor, as prominent among the Whigs.
In what we have said we do not by any
means intend to disparage the old Federal party
who were a most virtuous, enlightened and
patriotic party. Our object is merely to state
historical facts with a view to present an
mentum ad hominem, to Locolocoism, which
in addition to the errois of ancient Federalism,
has committed many of which Federalism du
ring its existence never dreamed.— Virgvua
Advoeale. _