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FRIDAY MORNING. AUGUST 12, 1846.
Honesty Is the best Policy.
The truth of this excellent sentiment is re
markably verified in the cases of Messis.
Buchanan and Dallas. The participation ol
the former, in the too successtul scheme to
injure Mr. Clay in 1325, and in the fraud
practiced upon the people of Pennsylvania to
effect Mr. Polk’s election in 1844, has withered
within a few months his greenest laurels.
Mr. Buch “man has generally been esteemed a
man of estimable private character, and, till
some two years since, of honorable political bear
ing. Within that time, one of the frauds alluded
to above, has been perpetrated, and the other,
long concealed by the generosity of Mr. Clay,
has been brought to light.
It is true; that Mr. Buchanan has received
some reward ; so did Judas Iscaiiot receive the ’
thirty pieces cf silver. His dreadful fate is
known to all; and if Mr. B. is not wrecked and
lost as a politician, public virtue will be, among
those from whom he can hope to obtain addi
tional honors.
It must be no small consolation to him to
know that he his destroyed himself, paitly,
while wearing the livery of such a man as Mr.
Polk—a man engaged with him in the elec
tioneering s.sin Hing, and to whom has inured
the higher station and the loftiest position known
under our system cf Government.
It has been rumored for months, th it fnr.Polk
would nominate Mr. B. to the Senate for a seat
on the Bench of the Supreme Court. Accounts
from Washington say, that his friends canvassed ■
the Senate to ascertain the probabilities of his j (
fate, if his name should be submitted, and can
didly informed him that he would be rejected.— ‘
Thereupon, he gave up ai! further pretension to (
the place,and it was bestowed upon a Mr. Grier
of Pennsylvania, who was comparatively un- >
known to the country. For many years Mr. .
Buchanan has been a favorite with the Whigs, .
though a Democrat, and now he-could not get 1
their votes nor those of some ot the Democrats ‘
for associate of our supreme judicial |
tribunal. While writing these facts we regret I
their existence. It is a melancholy case in
the history of human life and action. It ,
is lamentable th it a life of credit and honor ;
should c ose amidst shadows and gloom ■
As for Mr. Dallas, we presume that how
ever the excuses given for his course on ]
the tariff bill may satisfy others, they can
not satisfy the people of Pennsylvania. The ’
great argument for Mr. Dallas is, that as Vice- -
President, giving a casting vote, he was the re
presentative of the people of the Union, and not ■
of the State from which he was taken. Be it so.
But Mr. Dallas told the people of Pennsylvania
that he was a protective tariff man. He saw his
name associated with that ol Mr. Polk and the J
tariff of 1842, upon their banners, and was not »
only not silent as to Ms views, but publicly du- I
dared that he was for protection. If he intended •
to vote (if necessary) against the interests of his j
State, he should have informed the people of it i
in time, and if he had, he would have lost their j
votes. His name now is spoken of in connec- (
lion with that of Benedict Arnold and other simi- (
lar honorables.
Mr. Buchanan may tell lis people, as much as {
he pleases, that he helped to make Democracy t
triumph, to re-establish the Sub-Treasury, and 1
effect other wise measures, but it will be al) in t
vain. It will have about as much weight wiih .
hii injured and luitcd neighbors, as the argument <
of the weasel, in the fable, did with its captor. ‘
Having been taken and his execution being near al '
hand, he implored the man after the following i
fashion: ‘Do spare my life; I have been very ‘
serviceable to you in killing all the mice about .
your premises? ‘That may be true,’ said the |
cruel man,‘but you killed my chickens too? <
Mr. Dallas will be troubled to make his bleeding <
fellow-citizens believe, that he ha® spired their ,
chickens, though he promised to protect every one
, i
oi them.
Wc will close what wc have had to say about j
honesty as the best policy, with the following ex- <
tract from the speech of Mr. Dallas, in the United ■
States Senate, in favor of the Tariff’ of 1832. (
That was the highest Tariff ever passed, but one,
and was considerably higher than that of 1842,
of which Mr. Dallas was, while canvassing for the
people’s votes, a friend so fast and true.
“ How has the Tariff become incorporated almost ,
inseparably, in our code of legislation ? The an
swer may seem to carry me somewhat further than
any of its advocates have yet gone;—but my re
flections lead me to the conviction, that it Isa
legitimate scio i of the revolution: —that the en
couragement and protection of our own manufac
tures were objects con'tinplated by the sages and
soldiers of that great epoch, a? alike the proof and
security of •independence.
u The powers to regulate commerce, and thus to (
keep our industry and resources subservient to her, .
was conceded by the coloniqsjo the mother coun
try. It was however, one of ihe leading powers
of sovereignty, the efficiency of which underwent
frequent canvass, and to the enjoyment and exer
cise ul which they aimed, the moment the word
In»ependence was u tiered. The design of Great
Britain was to extort revenue on articles export
ed thence to the colonies here, and which she pro
hibited the colonies from manufacturing for them
selves. Hence, independence, resistance to the
revenue acts, and the establishment of our own
factories, were simultaneous and associative ideas.”
“ I am inflexible, Sir, as to nothing but adequate
-protection. I’he process of attaining ZAo/ may un
dergo any mutation. Secure that to the home la
to rot this country; and our opponents shall have,
as far as my voice and suffrage can give it to them,
n'earteb’anche' where on to settle any arrangement
or adjustment their intelligence may suggest. It
might have been expected, not unreasonably, that
they who desired change should tender their project;
that they would designate noxious and
intimate their remedies; that they would .nvoke
the skill and assistance of practical and experi
enced o servers on a subject with which few of
us are familiar, and point with precision to such
parts of the extensive system as can be modified
without weakening or endangering the whole
structure. They have torborne to do this. They
demand an entire demolition; Free-Trade is
the burthen of their eloquence: the golden fl ece
of their adventurous enterprise: the goal short of
which they will not pause even to breathe. I can
not join their expedition for such objects.”
Wclearn,saysthe Baltimore American,from
’.he European correspondence of the New Yoik
• Courier & Enquirer that Mr. King, Minister ol
.the United States to France, had left Paris fur
ILondon, io remain two months in England,and
(feat Dr. Martin, our Secretary ot Legation at
Paris, am in the mean time as Charge d’Al
fairs.
The National Intelligencerot the 18ih ins’,
Chief Naval Constructor in the Naval Sei vice ’
oi the United Stales, died suddenly on Sunday '
of appoplexv, in Georgetown. Th:® highly re- !
spected gentleman w is in the 68 h yqar of his 1
age, and had been in the service ol the United
States tor more than ihirty-threc years.
Mr. Dallas.—After the unexpected arrival cf
Mr. Dallas in Philadelphia, the Keystone called
upon hiA “ political friends” to assemble in the
evening at “ Third and Wa’nnt-slreet, to form a
procession, to proceed to his residence and wel
come him home ’’ The Editor of the Sun says,
that at the appointed hour he proceeded to the
place of rendezvous, and found three persons
assembled. The trio consisted of the editors of
the Pennsylvanian, Keystone and Public Ledger.
I'keasurv Notks.—l he New York Expiet
k’ ot S.iLurday afiernoon says :
A Cashier inonecl <>ur largest deposit banks
received a letter yesterday from Ihe T'leasury
Department, stati ’g that ihe Treasury notes
Would be paid out immediately; indeed, it i*
| staled that about two millions havc already been
sent to the disbursing officers. 'Thus ii appears
the advice ot Mr. Web*4er is followed, al last
—which wa® that the issue should take place
• before ihe government exhausted their funds in
bank. This policy will relieve the banks here
• and elsewhere, from the apprehension ot being
i called on tor the amount they have io
> deposit. In this respect the money market will
i besensiblv relieved, and there will be less sen
sitiveness than there has been.
Em ploym en t. —T h e tb 11 owing ju st se ntim cn t
wav uttered by Daniel Webster, in a la’.espeech
in the Senate of the United States. It should
be had in everlasting remembrance :
“Sir, I say it is employment that makes the
people happy. Sir, this great ’ruth ought never
to be forgotten; ii ought to be placed upon ihe
title-page of every book on political economy
intended tor America, and such countries as
America. It ought to be placed in every far
mer’s almanac, it. ought to Lead the columns
of every farmer’s magazine and mechanic’s
magazine. It should be proclaimed every
where, notwithstanding what we hear of the
usefulness-and I admit the high usefnlnes -ot
cheap food—notwithstanding that, the great
truth should be made into proverb, if it t oul.l
that where there is work fur the hands and the
men there will be work for their teeth. Where
there is employment there will b»' bread.—
And in a country like ours, where, with a great
deal of spirit and activity among the masses, if
they can find employment, there is always great
willingness for labor. If they can obtain fair
compensation tor their labor, they will have
good houses, good clothing, good food, and
the means of educating dr it families; and it
they have good houses, good clothing, and good
food, and the means ot educating their children,
from thmr labor, that labor will be cheeiful, and
they will be a contented and happy people?’
From the New Orleans Picayune of the lothinst.
EDI lORIAL CORRESPONDENCE.
Mier,Mexico, July 31, 1816.
Capt. Vinton’s command entered this place this
morning without the least show of opposition,the
inhabitants thronging to the Plaza in crowds as the
troops filed into it and stacked their arms in front
of the house of the alcalde. It seemed to me as
though there were men enough in the square to
have beaten us off with nothing else save the
loose locks lying about; yet not a hand was
raised.
Mier is by far the most pleasant, cleanly and
well regulated place we have yet seen in this part
of Mexico. It is built on a hill overlooking a clear
running stream of the same name, three miles
from the Rio Grande, and is said to contain 6000
inhabitant®, although I do not know where they
stow them all. You may well recollect that it
was in this place that the Texans under Col.
Fisher were compelled to surrender, after they had
killed twice their own number of Mexicans. The
houses occupied by the Texaus during the battle
were pointed cut, and stili bear the marks of the
desperate conflict.
I have state.’ that the number of the inhabitants
is put down at 6000; admitting that it is 4000, it
was still entered and taken possession of by 93
men only—So legulars and 8 of McCulloch’s
Rangers, acting as a mounted guard. You could
not serve any town in the United States in that
way, and tbir place is a perfect fortification from
its position and the strength of the houses, which
are of stone. Capt. Vinton’s command occupies a
large school-house in one corner of the Plaza,
near the church—strong, and at the san.e time
commodious and comfortable quarters. It is Com
pany B, of the 3rd Artillery, or “Reg-legged In
fantry,'’ as it i® now called from the fact that the
men are at this time serving as infantry while
they wear the red or artillery stripe down their
pantaloons. I give you a list of the officers, who
aieallin good health: Capt. J. R. Vinton, Asst. ,
Surgeon Prevo. Lieuts. S. Van Vlict and F. J.
Thomas.
The Camanche®, who have committed many
ravages in this vicinity of late, are said to have
left for the mountains of Texas with their pri
soners and plunder. Manv of the women and
children from the adjoining ranches, driven in by
the Indians, are still here.
I return to Camargo in Ihe morning with the
Rangers. If I could have in}- own way I should
remain here, foi it i® worth forty of Camargo. •
’ G. W.K. )
Camargo, August 2 1546.
A few hours after we left Mier yesterday, I
Camanches ktiled and scalped the alcalde within <
a few hundred yards of the outskirts of the place.
...t, returning from hi® rancho in the neiahnn
hood at the timt*, and was snot from a fence or <
some other cover. To show the impudence of l
the iJamanches, and the great contempt in which I
they hold their Mexican enemies, I wili relate one
little incident—one farce, if I may so call it, of «
their production. They day before the Americans (
took posse sion of the place —this I was told by ,
one who saw the proceeding—a small party of t
Camanches appeared on the opposite bank of the
river,and within three hundred yards of the town. t
(hie of the Indians had not a rag upon him save a ,
green Mexican uniform coat, faced with red and
trimmed with yellow, and was aimed with noth- •’
ingsave a Mexican bugle or trumpet. This he ‘
held to his mouth and sounded to the full stiensth ’
of his lungs. Dp and down the riverbank be blew
and blasted away upon this instrument, regardless (
of tune, but anxious t > make all the noise he could 1
in that part of tho world situated immediately op- <
posite Mier. The cry of “/os Indios” was raised, i
the woman and children scampered, while the men
rode furiously up and down the streets out of r
reach of balls and arrows, and signed papers and (
swore that they would do great things, besides dy
ing in defence of the town It is said they com
pletely broke down their horses in parading and ,
dash.ng about, and were not ready to start after ]
the Indians until they saw and knew that the In- ,
dians had had their fun out and were completely (
out of reach.
There is no mistake that a large force of Ca- .
manches is on this side the Rio Grande, committing (
depredations and municring the inhabitants with
impunity. Parties of them have appeared at Gu
errero, a city some thirty miles above Mier, hav e
stolen a great many horses and mules, and hive
killed several of the principal citizens, among them
one of the town council. The authorities of the
place have sent in their submission to the officer
in command of the United States troops here, and
would doubtless be delighted to see an American
force in the Plazr. You may ask, why do not the
Mexicans turn out in force—outnumbering, as they
do the Indians, ten to one—give them a sound
drubbing,and drive them out of the country ? It
is because they are too lazy in the first place, and
too tirnid in the second. 8o far as I can see, the
men here spend one-third of the day in sleeping,
one-third in bathing, and the other third in doing
nothing—not a very profitable employment of time
they would say away “ Dowa East.”
Camargo is now overrun with troops, the white
tents of the soldiers covering acres and acres.-
The Rangers start out to-morrow or. a scout in the
direction of Monterey, and bodies ol icguiar? with
army scores will probably soon follow. Every cue
i. anxious to get away irom this place, to move
anywhere. You may think in New Orleans that
you know something about hot weather and rnus
quitoes. You “ dontknow nothing.”
Some fuss has been raised about the pack mules
employed to transport Government supplies, but
as a large number of wagons have reached this
Place, all difficulties will doubtless, be obviated.
G. W. K.
Camargo, August 3, 1846.
I have just seen a letter, dated yesterday at
Reynosa, the writer of which calls for a detach
ment of mounted men to guard a large drove of
pack mules to this place. He has reliable informa
tion, so he says, that a gang of brigands has been
organized in the neighborhood oi Reynosa to <ut
up any and every small party they may meet upon
the road, and he further state® that sonv of the
principal men of that place are engaged io this
scheme of pillage and murder. 1 trust the scoun
drcls may be found out. The conciliatory system
h»S been lost upon t iem,and some other should be
tried. Wc me treating thousands of individuals
here with consideration and respect who would
turn round and cut our throats the first opportunity |
that occurred, and conmucho gusto to use one ot
their favorite expressions.
Tioops still continue to pour in, several com
panies having arrived, since I wrote yesterday,on
the steamers Roberts and Big Hatchec. Generrl
Worth has moved the camp to high and dry ground
on the San Juan, a mile below Camargo, where
the soldiers are far more comfortable. How
Napoleon u-ed to di pose of his tremendous armies
i® a mystery to me. Huddled as close or closer
than comfort will allow, even eight or ten thou
sand mtn here take up a wilderness of space.
Capt. Gillespie’s Rangers remain in camp here,
while McCulloch’s arc off this morning iu the di
rection, as is supposed, of Monterey, scouring the
country as far at least a# China, and possibly far
ther. Report®, that large parties of armed men
have been seen in that direction, among other com
panies that of Seguin, have reached this place.
The Rangers will find them if they are to be
found. e , .
We have no farther accounts of the ravages ot
the Camanches in the neighborhood of Mier or
j Guerrero. No American troops have started foi
the latter place, and 1 do not know that it i" the
• intention of the command:.! , officer to despatch
I any; but he ha® authorized the authorities to cn
| list an armed company of mounted men for home
protection.
i Should any opportunity occur, I will send you a
’ letter from the interior, but 1 am fearful there will
i leno chance until the company returns to this
, G. W.K.
’[ P. S. An express has just come in from Mier.
The rider contradicts the report that the alcalde
, had been killed, but says theie are a good many
In.lims lurking about. *’• •K*
More New Cotton.—Two bales of new cotton
. were icceived in this city yesterday morning, per
; Rail Road, from the plantation of Wm. B. Hodg
f son, Esq., Washington county. — Savannah Re
publican, 19th inst.
i he <Georgia Regiment•
The annexed letter from Capt. J. S. Calhoun
s of the Georgia Regiment to the Columbus En
quirer, will be read with interest, and tend much
’ to excite the fears and anxiety of every one who
j has a relation oi friend in the regiment.
, (’amp Belknap, Aug. 3, 1846.
[ A most melancholy accident occurred here on
? Saturday, which resulted iu the death of young
Beasky of the Macon Guards. It appears that a
> squad of the company was preparing to drill, ami
r while young lohnson of the Guards was in the act
of drawing his musket from his tent by some un
known means the musket was discharged and its
contents lodged in the thigh and abdomen ol poor
Beasley, who died on yesterday morning, and
was buried in the afternoon With military honors.
Tho funeral service was handsomely and appro
priately read by Capt. Holmes of the Macon Guards.
Not the slightest blame is attached to Johnson,
who deeply mourns the occurrence, for which there
is no remedy.
The painful duty is mine to announce the death
of private A. M. Dennis of the Georgia Light In
fantry. lie died about an hour ago. During our
voyage from Mobile to the Brazos St. lago, he was
exceedingly sick, dysentery ensued at the Brazos,
and although he had pai ially recovered, yet he
was weak, so much so, that he was sent to this
place on board of a steamboat, and removed there
from to this black prairie marsh, io lie exposed un
til we could get from the boat such baggage as
would shield him from the rays of the sun, and
bi’lious fever ensued. To the negligence of the
government in providing for the sick, 1 attribute
the death of young Dennis, one of the most amia
ble ami excellent young men 1 have ever known.
Not a delicacy—not a sprig of straw is furnished
to the well or sick, notwithstanding Dr. iioxey’s
frequent requisitions. IL ic we he ia mud and
water—with less regard paid to our comfort, than
is usually afforded by the farmers of Georgia to
their mules.
Poor Dennis received every attention that could
he furnished here—Private Spencer watched L\y
him during his severe illness, and is entitled to
high praise for his unsleeping kindness. To Dr.
Iloxey the company acknowledge a debt of grati
tude,which they cannot now pay, for his unceasing
attentions to our highly regaided brother soldier.
In order that he might more effectually watch over
our sick friend, the doctor ordered him removed
from my tent to the Hospital, and from thence to
his own, where he di< d, and he now lies in Lieuts.
■ oulding and Andeison’s tent. He will be buried
this afternoon with the usual military honors.
Just this moment the death of Thomas Carter
of the Crawford Guards is announced. He died
with • congestive chill on him. He was quite a
skeleton, having been sick for some time past.
Col. Jackson and Adjutant Forsyth have not yet
returned from Matamoros, nor have we heard a
word from them since they left us on Wednesday
last, and we are now in inextricable confusion, not
knowing what we are to do on to-morrow. Here
we ought not to stay—and we have reason to
hope we are to march for Camargo in a day or two.
On the first day of this month, Dr. Hoxey had
reported to him for medical direction, one hundred
and sixty-two of the Georgia Regiment, not more
than half a dozen considered dangerous.
Within the three miles square, we suppose (here
ate 10,600 volunteers, without a legular organiza
tion.
“ This is a great country.”
Respectfully, J. S. C.
Extract of a letter received in Chai lesion da
ted
“Edingsville, (Edisto Island) Aug. 18.
“Your favor by wa® received, and in
reply, 1 shall give you a very candid statement
of our prospects.
‘ In my own field, up to Saturday last, 1 had
the finest prospect that 1 have ever h i.J. On
lhatday 1 rode over the field, smelt the worm,
and saw them—could scarcely perceive where
they had eaten; Sunday imervened; went over
the field yesterday, they had eaten upabout ihir
ty acres, and I believe by Saturday night there
will not be a leaf in my field, and I am among
the best off. 1 was told that caterpillers had done
serious injury, but i would not believe it until
1 was invited to tide over the fields ofse/eral
ot my neighbors, and found them entirely clean
ed out—the most forward (I among the num
ber) may make 40 lbs. per acre, the most back
ward about 5 lbs. to ihe acre. It is my opinion,
and I have heard several more experienced • x.
press the same, that about 20 lbs. will be k ne
average us our Island. Such, my dear Sirs, is
a piain, unvarnished tale oi our woes, jli would
be adviseable to hold all Cottons for next year,
lor it will be scarcer than gold; and I only hope
and trust that we may all have s-cd enough to
plant another crop. (
“P. B.—This is the 18th of August, and such
havoc already! It is unparalleled in the annals J
of planting.”
R»n.J?n.r% Ar-n.rirw'r ’.V. „ n ,!orUnnd H.nt 1
on Wednesday la*t, as an up-freight train on *
the Central Rail Road was passing over Wil- ,
liamson’s Bridge, about sixty miles this side of (
Macon, the bridge gave aw iy and precipitated 1
several of the cars some ten to fifteen feet into 1
the creek, or ravine, below. The train, our in- 1
formant states, was very heavily laden with <
materials for the 'Macon and Western Road.
I’he front engine, and perhaps one or two cars, 1
had passed safely over, when the work gave i
way. We arc glad to add that no one was in
jured, and that the damage from breakage will
not be as great as might have been anticipated. 1
Our informant seemed io think that the immense
weight of the lrain e wasthe sole cause of the acci
dent—upon this, however, we cannot speak ad- (
visedly as we have no positive information fur
ther than that two locomotives were employed 1
in its transportation. 'l’he passengers from Hie <
West were transferred to a freight car, which
reached the city a lew minutes before three o’-
clock yesterday morning.— Sav. Rep. 20lh inst.
P.ice Harvest.—We understand that the har- ’
vesting of Rice has been commenced on several
plantations on the Savannah River. The crops
however, are quite backward, and should the pres
ent showery weather continue, the progress of the
work will be much retarded. On some of the
plantations fine crops are reported, but from all we
can learn, we are inclined to think that the gene
ral yield will be less than an aveiage one.— Savh.
Republican, '29th inst.
“Whois the Rose of Alabama Is a
question to which our brother Kendall of the
Picayune attaches some importance, in a re
cent letter from Camargo. Hear him:
“ Before 1 forget it I want to ask you one ques
tion : Do you know anvilring about the “Rose
of Alabama” in New Orleans? Here, among
regularsand volunteers, they’ appear to think, ,
and especially to sing, about nothing else save
the “Rose of Alabama.” Who is the “Rose
of Alabama?” Is sh? a relation of “Lucy’
Neal,” who was born in Alabama and whose
master’s name was Beal ? One ot the waiters
oi the boat, as he is washing his dishes near
me. issingingall aboutihe viituesandthe beau
ties ot the “ Rose of Alabama;' a person of no
note whatever when 1 left the States. One ot the
firemen, as he chucks his sticks of wood into the
furnace, with four horse-power is singing the
praises ot the “Rose ut Alabama.” Is D.
Tucker, Esq., dead and have the Misses Long
and Neal been forgotten ? Is a dandy from oneoi
the Carolinas, whose first name was James, sunk
into obscurity! 1 will give a premium of a
splendidly bound edition ut the “ Western Song
ster” to any une who will give reliable infor
mation as to the birth, parentage, education
an I present condition of the “ Rose ot Ala
bama.” Seriously, the song is in every one’s
mouth in the army, and I suppose is some new
Ethiopian retrain which has obtained a name
and pupil laity at home—deservedly, too, tor
the airis’aking and of no inconsiderable neat
ness. Who is the “ Rose of Alabama ?”
A Long Pursuit.—One Richard Caverly was
arrested lately, at St. Louis, on a charge ot
bigamy, the complaint being made by his first
wile, Ann Caverly, whom he married in Ire
land. Leaving her there two years ago, he
came to New York, and forgetting her claims
and those ot his two children, there provided
< himself with another wile. This coming to
Ann’s knowledge, she packed up and followed
to New Yok, but on her arrival learned that, he
had gone to New Orleans. Thither she pur
sued, but again her quest was foiled—he had
gone to St. Louis. With the untiring spirit ol
a wronged wile and mother she again followed
and at last ibun I him within her reach. Be
fore she had been two hours in St. Louis, her '
truant busband wa® in custody.
The N. Y. Evening Post (Loco) rejoiced in |
the passage of the French Spoliation bill as re
flecting honor on Mr. Polk’s administration
declaring that it was an act oi long deferred jus
tice, and a redemption ot the public faith. If
this be true, what the Post to say oi the
Veto, and ot its author?
The people of lowa are much opposed to coming
into the Union, with the State lines prescribed by
the act of Congress. A new vote was recently ta
ken on the subject; and the few returns received
indicate that the proposition has again been de
feated.
The Large Copper Rock. —The huge mass of
solid copper in the shaft of the Copper falls Com
pany is yet without end. The portion exposed
thus far, measures 10 feet in length by 9 in depth,
and averages 1 foot in thickness. It is estimated
to measure 25 cubic feet of pure copper, and to
weigh 22,500 ins. How much more of the lock
there may be, i® vet unknown. The famou® Onto
nagon rock, now at Washington, weighs only 3,-
70S lbs., net avoirdupois.— Lake Superior News.
Nct Loud but Deep.—The Louisville Jour
nal says; “ We have heard some awfully deep
and bitter curses and execrations in our time,
but we heard some specimens from Locofoco
. mouths on Saturday, uttered against Mr. Polk.
that exceeded in fierceness any thing we ever
listened to.
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 27. 1846.
I SATURDJ®pORNING, AUG. 22, 1846
Mil article in Ibis muining's
i paper of the I lon. Garrett Davis,
> of Kentucky, will be read with much interest.
Its object is to place in the proper light the prin
ciples and opinion® ot the great Western States
man on the subject ot ad valorem duties, the
perversion of which has recently been attempt
ed by some ot the Administration presses. Mr.
D. has done well a good work.
Ihe Administration---A Fair Test.
The following is a beautiful description of
virtue:
“ It is consistency which forms and proves it;
Vice cannot fix and virtue cannot change ;
For vice must have variety; while virtue
Stands like the mhi, and all that rolls around
Drinks life and health and beauty from its aspect?’
if there be any act of a ruler ora government
which, more than another, should go through
the fiery ordeal of a public lest of its jus
tice and purity, it is an act which plunges a
nation into the mis?ries ot war. We do not
say that war is always wrong, or implies
guilt in bo‘h of the parlies. Hut it is al
ways terrible, revolting, dreadful in its im
petuous, fiery, bloody’ career. It feeds on human
life, and quails ihe blood of its victims. It creates
cemeteries,insteadof peopling countries, towns
and villages, and converts into a grave-yard
every field ot combat. Hearts once merry and
glad, it withers with misfortune, carrying info
many a household, the weeds of mourning
widowhood, and the pangs and deprivations of
early orphanage. A thousand horrors are de
picted in its visage, and woes which no lan
guage can describe, wail at noonday and mid
night along the track ot its ravages.
When this monster ol evil, then, strides
abroad with fiery eye and gleaming sword, wav
ing a flag red with human gore and wet with
it" tears, ihe ruler who has turned him loose
must show a spirit unstained, and a conscience
clear and blameless before God and man. A
reason must be given tor waking up this dire
demon from his dangerous rest. 'ChaJ- reason
mustjMs/i/y the shedding ot blood, an<! must be
seen and acknowledged to be good, even by
those who reluctantly admit that blood should
be shed at ail. 'There must be no equivocation
in defining thecause, no contradiction, no in
consistency in the statements by which it is
exhibited.
We have said that the Mexican war has
been provoked without necessity, by the un
wise policy ot the administration of the go
vernment. We intend not to review iis ads
now, to make good that serious and deliberate
charge. We ask the reader to pause and once ■
more examine the description ot virtue at the !
commencement of this article. He will find .
that virtue cannot change, and that consistency |
will prove i'. Apply this safe and certain test, J
to the conduct and the avowals ot our Chief '
Executive. ]
What was the reason given in his message,
asking the National Legislature to unsheath the
sword against our Southern neighbors ? it was,
that Mexicans had “passed the boundaries of
ihe Untied States,” “invaded our territory, and
shed American blood upon American soil?”
What was the object to be effected? To
“ repel invasion” and “ conquer a peace.”
In his message to Congress, ol the 4th instant,
proposing to be clothed with a two million mo
ney power to purchase a peace, the President
says: “ The chief difficulty to be anticipated in
the negotiation is ihe adjustment ol the htnenda
ry between the parties.” “ Should the Mexican
Government, in order to accomplish these ob
jects (“peace” and “good neighborhood”) be
willing to cede any portion of their territory to
the United States, we ought to vqai them a fair
equivalent; a ju®t .and honorable and not
conquest, being our purpose in the prosecution
ol the war.” There are three particular facts
contained in these extracts from the message.
That boundary is the chief difficulty—that we
should pay Mexico a “fair equivalent” fjr
ceding territory to us—that peace and not con
quest is the cbjecl of the war.
Now let the reader remember that Mr. Polk
claimed the Rio Grande to be the boundary.
Yet he wishes to obtain peace, and is willing to
pa}’ Mexico for cedingterritory to afford a. boun
dary. That boundary is the Rio (irande— lor
conquest, which would imply a more extended
one, is not the object.
Does not Mr. Polk betray in this,his own doubts
about the invincibility of our own claim up to the
Rio Grande ? Does he not betray a doubt about
the complete security of our claim to lauds from
which the Mexicans were driven by our army as
it marched in provoking triumph to Matamoros, and
pointed its cannon at its walls and people ? Can
fatuity itself, hypocrisy even, unblushing as it is,
say that th? forty thousand Mexicans on this side
of the Rio Grande had ever been conquered bj’ the
Texans, or their towns and villages ever entered
by them except to occupy their prisons ? Was
there a Texan habitation, a framed house, or a log
house, or even a shanty, or a hut, in all that sec
tion of country, as wide extended as Georgia and
the two Carolinas ? Had Texas, then, conquered
that people, or obtained a conquest of their homes
and lands ? Is it, then, dbsjlutcVy certain, is ii
clearly and unquestionably true, that American
blood was shed upon American soil? Is it true,
that tho object was to resist invasion only, when
the proclamation of General Taylor (which wc
published some weeks ago, and was no doubt pre
pared by the Government) declared the object was
“to liberate the people of Mexico from despot®,”
and to obtain indemnity for claims against her
Government ?
Could it have been the object of the Executive
to “conquer a peace,” when he seeks to overthrow’
the authorities of the land ? But perhaps he
wished by the destruction of the tyrants, to secure
fnm patriots, a peace lasting and certain I That
position will fail, for he tells us in his message,
that he has opened a communication with Paredes,
to re-establish peaceful relations between his
country and ours. Peaceful relations with a despot
—a tyrant And that peace not to be conquered,
either, but bought with gold ! Our government
must give the President power to make a tyrant
more corrupt than he was, and enable him to plant
deeper his despotic stakes into the happiness and
prosperity of his oppressed countrymen ’ That is
a new way to overthrow tyrants ! An invasion
of our soil is to be repelled, and yet, that soil
must be paid for, with a “fair equivalent!” A
peace is to be “conquered,” and yet Congress is
asked to open the public purse, for the purpose of
buypig a peace,—tyiants are to be overthrown,
and yet, ihe tyrant that rules, is solicited to ne
gotiate for the establishment of relations of amity,
and good neighborhood, with the country that was
to demolish his power and oppressions
What contradiction ! what incongruities an«l un
certainty Who can tell the specific object of Ihe
Administration ? Do wc see its virtue, shining
through consistency, like the sun immovable, dis
pensing health and beauty from its aspect ? Do
we see in it® reasons for this war, unity of pur
pose ? Admitting that it was the duty of our
arm}’ (as it was) to defend itself, though unwisely
placed upon the Rio Grande, can a single argument
be produced for placing it there, that is founded
in necessity, propriety, wisdom, or justice ?
One, that can justify the destruction of life, to
say nothing of the expenditure of treasure so
paltry in comparison ! One, that can present the
President clothed in a white and unspotted gar
ment, and keep back from his terrified vision and
hearing, the forms of mangled victims, and the
tears and gtoans of the widow and orphan.
Wou’d that one such existed, for the sake of 0111
country and humanity ■
Conquest is no purpose of the Administration!
How can this declaration be reconciled with the
mission of Capt. Allen, who was sent to the
Mormon Camp, to engage the services of five hun
dred Mormons, for the expedition to Santa Fe,
and who were induced to enlist, by being told, that
they “should be marched thence to California,
where they will be discharged”—who were told’
■ -
that they should receive the all the privi-
leges “of regular soldiers and when
di’iharged, as they
could retain, gratis, the
with which they will be fully' equipped at Fort
Leavenworth.”
What means these profiers, by an officer of the
army, sent specially to engage the services of the
Mormons? Can any other construction be placed
upon them, than that they were inducements held
out to those people to aid in taking California from
its rightful owners ? Those deluded people are
bribed with the promise, that in that distant land,
no more molested and disturbed, they may plan a
new Nauvoo, and build another magnificent tem
ple for their peculiar and infatuated worship. It
may be, however, after al), that the President is
frightened by the demons which his folly has con
jured into being. He may see-at last, that this
Mexican war is unpopular with the people, and
that the millions of debt accumulating, will crush
his administration and future hopes. If such in
fluences do operate upon him, they have come too
late. His doom is sealed —his influence has al
ready crumbled, and nothing is wanting but the
day of retribution to arrive, to hurl him from his ill
gotten power and station. We have been tedious
in our remarks, but the det p importance of the
subject will commend it tu t.-e consideration of our
readers, in whose hands air placed, in part, the
destiny’ and honor of the country.
The President an Ith Democracy.
Really one would se A tn-.’re djfficult
task could not be imposed, than that ofdefining
in what “ Democracy” does or does not consist,
fur to us it seem.® to mean whatever the profes
sor chooses to declare it in any particular lo
cality’. In short, they seem to profess al 1 sorts
of principles to all sort.® ot men. So that what
are known as “ Democratic principles” in one
section, arc repudiated in another section
as ultra “Federal.” Certainly Mr. Calhoun
uttered much truth in reference to the
properties of the public plunder” and its remarka
ble influence upon the self-styled Democracy.
But we will illustrate, by the annexed remarks
of the “ Ohio Statesman,” the Democratic Or
gan of Ohio, in relerence to lhe President’s Veto
ofthe River and Harbor Bill, a document which
has been so much praised for its “ sound Dcmocra- 1
Zic prDrc’p/es” at the South. It isalso worthy of 1
the particular consideration of the Democracy, i
for its strong denunciation of the President’s -
political weakness, and we therefore commend ‘
it to them as another link ot Democratic tesli- ;
inony in support of our repeated charges against i
him.
“The Message in which the President sup
ports his views, is a shallow performance, vul
gar in its language, ridiculous for its false lo
gic, and paltry as the treatment of a thesis by
some hair-splitting and wire-drawing school
man ot the Middle Ages, who thought himself
a great man, because, like all small characters,
he had mistaken cunning tor wisdom. It is,
however, quite worthy the man whose imbecili
ty has been so unhappily displayed in his ac
tion on the Oregon question—first uttering
boasts ol the loudest kind, and then sneaking
off to cover when‘he enemy’s bay was faintly
heard in the distance. There is a remarkable
similarity in the President’s conduct on these
two subjects. As he mouthed and raved about
our ‘clear and unquestionable’ right to the
whole of Oregon, like unto one oi Nat Lee’s
Bedlamite heroes—lor we can only call it
mouthing and taving—when the bathos of the
treaty is known to us, however much it pleased
us at the lime of its utterance, because we be
lieved it to be the warm language of earnestness
and sincerity—so has he now vetoed a bill sub
stantially recommended by himself, through
the report of the Secretary ot War, a high
officer of his Cabinet. It is true that the de
fence ha? been set up lor him, that ihe Secre
tary, though reporting through Ihe President,
really reports to Congress. Granted—but this
does not in the slightest degree alter the case.
It has always been considered—at least it was
in those days when it was thought that some de
gree ol profound statesmanship was necessary
in govcrnir.ga great nation—that a Cabinet
ouumiu .'>uppwrr«»»v untivtii! pmir v,
the sentiments of the party whose principles it
was appointed to aid in carrying out. Who
ever heard ot a high Cabinet officer recom
mending to Cong r ess, through the President, a
course of action directly contrary io lhatot the
President himself, and actually accompanied
with ihe proper estimates as to the costot carry
ing it out—whoever heard of anything ot the
kind, we ask, before these days of deception
and palpable fraud? What President, with a
decent portion of sell-respect, ever practiced
such small intrigue! It is new in the history
ot our country, and nodoubt found its origin
and motive in the desire to deceive some Mem
bets of Congress into the support of measures
which the Executive feared might not other
wise prove successful. As the great words
about Oregon were followed by the smallest
possible actions, and were intended only to
gull honest men, so was the course ol the Presi
dent on the subject of improving harborsand
rivers favorable, only with the design of gaining
votes for the new Tariff Bill, the Administra
tion not having faith enough to believe that
one righteous measure could stand without prac
tising a little falsehood onanoiher. We most
earnestly hope that the day is not coming when
every true democrat will have, in bitterness of
heart, to ask pardon of God and man for having
aided in elevating to power, men who mistake
treachery for good conduct, and pallry shifts for
great statesmanship.”
Chattooga Cheese.—We little thought,says
the Savannah Republican oi the 20th instant,
when we published the letter of our correspon
dent from Alpine, a few days since, that we
would at this moment have before us a speci
men of “ Chattooga Cheese,” which, in color,
flavor, and general appearance, is not only su
perior lo any northern article, but which will
bear comparison with the very best of the far
famed Cheshire. Yet such is the fact. This
cheese is made at the Dairy ol Mr. L. M.
Force, in Chattooga county, and we are happy
l o stale that Mr. F. has gone extensively into
the business, and wiil be enabled this year to
produce some twelve to fifteen thousand pounds
of it\ Mr. F. need never want for a market,
for we assure him, that he can find ready sale
for four times that amount in Savannah Al
most weekly we see large quantities cl North
ern Cheese arriving in this city, or passing
through to the interior markets. Thousands
of dollars are thus carried away from the South
and find their way into the pockets ot the north
ern farmers, and herein is the true secret of
Southern thriftlessness and Northern prosperity.
Shall this state of things continue, or shall we
encourage such men as Mr. Force, who are
striving to develope and multiply the sources
of wealth ?
Cheese, however, constitutes but one item of
the many for which we are dependent upon our
Northern neighbors, and for which tens of
thousands and hundreds of thousands of dollars
are annually drained from our pockets. Now
that a direct communication has been opened
into the very heart of Cherokee, w’e hope to se
i some substantial evidences of reform. e
hope to see our brethren of the interior among
us with the productions of their farms, their
dairies and their mine®—and what is more, we
hope to see the true spirit manifested towards,
them by our people. Let these productions be
sought after, preferred and paid for with alac
rity and we will make rapid progress in inde
pendence and improvement as a people and as
a Slate.
The Coosa River Journal, published at
Rome, referring to a cheese from Mr. Force’s
dairy, says We are a great lover of the arti
cle, and we pronounce this most excellent, equal
to any manufactured in the United States
The taste is very fine and the color exceedingly
rich. Mr. Force has gone into the business
upon the right principle, and will do the coun
try much service bv its introduction in our
midst. The cheese is equal in everj’ respect to
the Northern, ar.d can be made here at much
less expense, as the cows almost all the year
subsist entirely upon the range. Mr. Force in
forms us that he will manufacture this year
twelve or fifteen thousand pounds.
Some thirty steamboats on the Western w r a.
ters are now lighted with gas, made by appa
ratus on board of each vessel, from the grease
in the kitchen.
Ad Valorem Duties— Mr. Clay.
n House or Representatives, )
y August 10, 1846. S
s Messrs. Gales &. Seaton : Since the passage
t ot Mr. Walker’s tariffbill, the authority of Mr.
Clay’s opinions has been frequently quoted in
both Houses of Congress to support the ad va
c fortrm principle of that bill. I was induced by
e this consideration to collect the proofs which
lelute that posiiion, and intended, when a suit
able occasion occurred, to present them to the
House in debate. Bv reason of the late day of
i the session of Congress, none such occurred,
e This misrepresentation of Mr. Clay’s posiiion
on the protective policy is still continued by the
t Administration papers, with a view to weaken
objections to the new measure. To correct in
some degree this perversion of Mr. Clay’s prin
t ciples and opinions, I requestyou to publish the
j substance and effect of the facts u’bich 1 collect
ed on this point, and which I herewith transmit
to you. Respectfully, yours,
GARRETT DAVIS.
I
In February, 1833, Mr. Clay presented to
Congress his celebrated compromise bill. At
that time South Carolina was in a state of open
revolt against the execution in her ports ot the
existing tariff law. President Jackson had, in
his annual message at the beginning ofthe ses
sion, taken strong and distinct ground for the
overthrow of the protective system ; and before
the compromise bill had been thought of, Mr.
Verplanck, the Chairman ot the Committee of
Ways and Means, had, with the concurrence ol
Mr. Polk, who was a member ot it, reported a
bill to reduce the existing rates ot duties to an
average of less than sixteen per cent. By Mr.
. Verplanck’s project, the protection on a few ar
ticles only was as high as twenty-rive per cent.,
and "birr a single one was allowed a higher rale.
South Carolina had gone 100 far to recede
without resistance or disgrace. She was re
solved, and Gen. Jackson was thirsting for the
blood of her noblest sons. Civil war, or such
a modification ol the tarid' as would enable her
to retreat with honor, was inevitable. The for
mer might have resulted in crushing her, or it
might have lighted up a torch to be extinguish
ed only in years ot Hood, as she had many
sympathizing spirits in all the Southern States;
but it could not avert the fate that awaited the
protective system. Gen. Jackson had declared
war against it. At that session, it might not
have fallen, but his relentless spirit and ail-con
quering popularity would have destroyed it at
the next, unless in the interim it was rescued
by a judicious compromise. Mr. Clay under
took a generous and difficult task of preventing
bo'h these great calamities—a civil warand the
subversion ol Ihe protective system, in his ap
prehension of the urgency of the occasion, and
the utility and efficiency of the measure which
he devised, he was sustained by many ot the
most patriotic and intelligent manufacturers ol
the United States. lam informed by the Hon.
Mr. Simmons, ot the Senate, that Mr. Clay at
one lime had abandoned his design, because he
could not conceive ot a mode which would give
adequate protection when the process ot declin
ing duties was consummated, and which could
gel the votes ot Southern gentlemen, whose sup
port was necessary to pass it. In this difficulty,
the idea ol an ad valorem duty upon the home ,
valuation was suggested to him by the Hon.
Samuel D. Hubbard, a most judicious and es
timable gentleman, who is now a representa- ;
live from the Slate of Connecticut. Air. Clay ,
seized upon it, and incorporated it into his com
promise bill, which was passed through both i
Houses of Congress against the strenuous op- |
posiiion of Gen. Jackson. Mr. Polk has said ■
that Mr. Clay by this measure “rescued the ;
protective system from destruction.”
On introducing ihis measure Mr. Clay said: <
“My first object looks to the tariff lam com
pelled to express the opinion, formed alter the |
most deliberate reflection, and on a full survey j
ol the whole country, that, whether rightfully t
or wrongfully, the tariff stands in imminent t
danger. II it should even be preserved during c
this session it must fall at the next session.” In ;
asubsequenl speech, Mr. Clay declared: “I v
repeat what I said on the introduction of it, that t
tl ey (his motivesjare, first, to preserve the man- t
ulacturing interest; and, secondly, to quiet the c
country. 1 believe the American system to be
in great danger; and I believe it can he placed r
on a better and safer foundation at this session |
than at the next.” “Put it off until the next c
session, and the alternative may, and probably t ,
would be, a speedy and ruinousreduction ofthe t
tariff, or a civil war wilh the entire South.” t
Mr. Clay also said that, until 1842, the /
compromise bill would give adequate pro- 1,
lection, as the reduction of the rates ot du- |
ties until that time would be inconsiderable.
'l’lini nnnl.l tairp potp nf ir«p|f; 10...
might then be repealed if necessary; and he
nlisted lo the burdens oi war, to Ihe chapfer of
accidents, to a returning sense of justice in his
countrymen, to procure an increase of the rates
ot duty if they should prove 100 low.
This law was framed upon these general
principles—
-Ist. That uniil 1842 there should be a small
biennial reduction of existing duties; the min
imum, the specific, and the ad valorem duties
all lo continue for the whole period, subject to
the established rate ot reduction on each, with
out any change of its character.
2d. That in 1812 all duties should be ad
valorem on the home valuation •, and lo preserve
uniformity ot duties, that valuation to be estab
lished bv Congress in the law.
3d. The prepeluation of the protective prin
ciple, by charging the whole amount ot revenue
necessary lor the administration ot the Govern
ment, in time of peaee, upon imports on for
eign commerce, and establishing a large list ot
tree articles.
4th. The increase or diminution ofthe list
of free articles at the pleasure of Congress, even
to the exclusion ol all articles not coming into
competition with home industry from all duties,
with a view to render necessary higher rates of
duty on the protected ones, to give increase of
protection to our producers.
sth. To vary the rates above or below twen
ty per cent. upon such articles as Congress
might declare to be duilable, as the stale ofthe
public revenue or the exigencies ot home in
dustrymight require.
fith. To collect on greater amount of duties
than the need ot the Government demanded,
but, in levying them, entire liberty to discrimi
nate among all imported articles for the protec
tion ot American industry.
Such are the principles and the considera
tions ot the compromise nci; and they were all
distinctly stated and enforced by Mr. Clay when
it passed.
Mr. Clay had had a larger and freer communi
cation with Southern gentlemen upon the sub
ject of the tariff than any of its friends in the
United States; and he belter understood their
opinions, feelings, and prejudices upon this
great subject. With the more moderate their
objections might be classed into three principal
ones, Ist. That existing rates were laid prima
rily with a view, not to the amount ot revenue
they would produce, but to the protection they
would afford. 2d. To the minimums, as that
all cottons costing between six and twenty cents
per yard should lie held to have cost twenty
cents per yard. I. Tnai both these minimums
and many specific duties were imposed without
regard, and greatly disproportionate, to the val
ue ol the goods. From the tendency to aban
don the protective system in parts ot the Union
where it had formerly received support, Mr.
Clay’s clear and tar-reaching sagacity perceived
that it could only be saved by conciliating the
friendship ot Southern gentlemen. They were
almost universally opposed to it, upon the con
siderations before named, and others; and to
win over any portion of lhem, it was indispen
sably necessary to compromise principles and
opinions with them. Manufactures, too, had
acquired strength, by a great accumulation of
capital and skill. The public debt had been
paid off, and left a large excess oi accruing re
venue, and it could no’longer be said that all
the money collected by high rates would be ab
soibed by it. Justice, sound policy, and public
opinion all demanded that for the future no more
revenue should be levied than would meet the
ordinary expenses of the Government. Mr. I
Clay acted upon a full and clear comprehension
of these considerations, and upon an enlarged
survey of the interests and sentiments ot al!
parts ot the Union, under the peculiar and con
trolling circumstances of that day, in the con
struction of his compromise bill.
At the session ol 1841—’42, Mr. Clay was
still a member of the Senate, and the lime was
rapidly approaching when the compromise pro
ject was, it ever, to be put into a permanent
form, by’establishing the home valuation upon
foreign imports, and making other necessary
regulations. The same able and faithful ad
viser, than whom no man in America is better
informed on the general subject of the tariff,
Mr. Simmons, was also a member ol the Sen
ate. He had been an original and unwavering
friend of the principle of an ad valorem duly
upon the home valuation. After a full consul
tation with him and other gentlemen, and with
their hearty approbation, Mr. Clay, early in the
session, introduced a series of resolutions set
ting forth general principles, preliminary to the
preparation of a proper bill. After stating it to
be the duty of Congress lo lay and collect an
adequate revenue lor the support of the Govern
ment by imposts on foreign commerce, he fol
lowed it up by these additional resolutions:
“ Resolved, That such an adequate revenue
cannot beobtainedbydutiesupon imports, with
out adopting a higher rate than twenty per cent,
as provided for by the compromise act, which,
at the time ol its passage, was supposed and as
sumed as a rate that would supply a sufficient
revenue for an economical administration of
the Government.”
“Resolved, therefore, That the rate of duties
on foreign imports ought to be augmented be.
yund the rate ot twenty per cent., so as to pro
duce a nett revenue ol twenty six millions of
dollars, twenty two tor the ordinary expenses
ofthe Government, two for the payment ot the
existing debt, and two mill ions as a reserve fund
tor contingencies.
"Resolved, That in an adjustment of a tanfl
to raise an amount of twenty-six millions ol
revenue, the principles ofthe compromise act,
generally, should be adhered to; and that espe
cially a. maximumrate of ad valorem duties should
be established, from which there ought to be as
little departure as possible.”
Mr. Clay explained and enforced these reso
lutions in the Senate, but resigned his seat be
fore they were brought to the vote, and they
were never afterwards called up. Three prin
ciples are distinctly embodied in them. First.
All the revenue necessary for the support of
Government, is to be raised by duties upon fo
reign imports. Second. That such duties are
to be laid upon the home valuation of foreign
goods to be established by law. Third. That the
rate should be twenty-five per cent, upon the
home valuation on dutiable articles alone. It was
provided that the principles ot the compromise
bill should be adhered to in framing the new
measure, and those stated were taken from that
law. Instead of adoptingthe inefficient and ab
surd notion of an ad valorem duty upon the fo
reign invoice, this plan requires the hone value
ot all dutiable articles to be declared and estab
lished in law; and upon this ascertained, fixed,
and inflexible valuation of alt articles a duty ot
twenty-five per cent, was to be laid. So far
from abandoning the principle ol specific duties,
it made all duties specific by specifying the val
ue of every class of articles, and levying a spe
cific rale of duty upon that value. Thus in the
law Russia hemp being valued at two hundred
dollars per ton, would be subject to a specific
duty ot forty dollars; pig iron being valued at
thirtv two dollars per ton, would be subject to a
specific duty of eight dollars; molasses being
valued at twenty-four cents per gallon, would
be subject to a specific duty ot six cents; and
so on throughout the whole list of dutiable ar
ticles.
Belore Mr. Clay left the Senate, Mr. Sim
mons, after a full understanding and accordance
with him upon these principles, commenced the
preparation of a bill based upon lhem. He
completed it after great and laborious care, and
reportedit to the Senate; but not until some
lime after Mr. Clay’s resignation. This bill
contains a large list of free articles lor the bene
fit and encouragement of manufactures. It es
tablishes a rate of duty of twenty-five per cent,
upon all dutiable articles except upon sugars
and fine iron; upon them the rate is thirty per
cent. It enumerates and specifies the home val
ue of more than twelve hundred and thirty-eight
articles by name; and on every non-enumer
ated article, i: establishes the same value and
levies the same duty as attaches to the enumer
ated article which it most resembles.
So far from adopting the principle ofthe tariff
bill of Mr. Walker ol levying an ad valorem
duty upon the fraudulent under-valuation ot
the foreign invoice, or of abandoning specific
duties, ic establishes duties universally spe
cific, and cuts off all possibility of custom
house frauds by double invoices or under
valuation. This bill establishes the value
of wheal to be one dollar and twenty-five cents
per bushel, and it levies upon that value twenty
percent, or a specific duty ot thirty-one and a
fourth cents per bushel. It declares the value
of Indian corn to be sixty cents per bushel; ot
wool, unmanufactured, and not otherwise speci
fied, fifty cents per pound; bleached and un
bleached cotton clothing, twenty-four cents per
square yard; milled and fulled cloths, known by
the name of Kendall cottonsand plains, of which
wool shall be the only material, sixty cents per
squareyard; finer’s or run-out iron, being iron
in advance ot pig iron, forty dollars per ton;
Russia hemp two hundred and thirty dollars
per ton; men’s pumps, shoes, and slippers, at
two dollars per pair; coal, and all preparations
thereof, at eight dollars and sixty-eight cents per
chauldron of thirty-six bushels; cord wood,
lour dollars per cord. Twenty-five per cent,
upon these several values, and upon the declared
value of every dutiable article named in the
bill, except sugar and fine iron, and thirty per
cent, upon them, will ascertain a specific duty,
and the exact specific duly, upon each and all.—
The valaesin this bill may be too high or too
low, but they show any bill upon the home val
uation of Mr. Clay’s compromise act to be al
together specific. Mr. Simmon’s particular
bill received the support of every Whig Sena
tor in a caucus to which it was submitted.—
Abbot Lawrence and Nathan Appleton, names
known and respected not only throughout New
England but the United States, approved it.
Could it have been first taken up in the Senate,
:. iu uovc passeu'uiai oouy, and
would have proved lo the whole country a w ise
and sufficient measure of protection. Mr. Clay
adhered to the principles ot the compromise act
with that tenacity ot good faith which so much
distinguishes his long and eventful public life.
He did not forsake lhem, because he believed
that if they were justly and faithfully executed,
they would giye adequate protection to home
industry, secure the permanent prosperity of the
country, and keep down the excitement of an
inturiated sectional opposition against the pro
tective policy. He was faithful to the princi
ple ot the ad valorem duty upon the home valu
ation when gentlemen who are regarded as the
other party to this compact of peace, denounced
it as impracticable. No fair mind will deny
the truth of the position that he has done more
Ilian all other men to commend a moderate, just
and permanent system ol protection of Ameri
can industry to the Southern States. In Vir
ginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee,
where formerly it could scarcely number a
friend, the Whig party, now constituting in
all those States but one the majority, have be
come its firm supporters. Mr. Clay, the circum
stances in which his compromise bill had its
origin, his generous and self-sacrificing spirit in
proposing it, his unwavering fidelity to it, his
constancy and courage in support of the pro
tective system, and his tnoderr ted views when
the great and multiform interests cherished by
it had attained to a comparative strength of
themselves to withstand adverse storms, are the
influences which gave energj' andsuccessto the
spirit of protective proselytism in the South.—
It is for the present overthrow by a course ol
legislation alien to our own country and its best
interests; and it can only be raised ftom its
prostrate condition by the aid of our Southern
Whig allies. Whilst men and sections who are
its natural guardians, and who have shared in
profusion its rich fruits, have with unnatural
baseness betrayed it, they have been faithful.—
They will be found so in the impending death
struggle between American labor and foreign
labor lor ascendancy in the halls ot our own
Legislature, and in the mansiop ol our own
President. Mr. Olay saw that this great poli
cy was wisely preserved in the Tariff of 1842,
and before the last Presidential election, and
recently, he avowed himself, in the most pre
cise terms as the supporter ot that law and
against its repeal. Neither he nor any body
has ever maintained that it was perfect, or that
it should in all its parts remain immutable. We
have never had a tariff law that was better con
sidered In its passage, mors perfect in its prin
ciples and details, or productive of greater good
in its results. Experience proved that it had de
fects, and this is the lesson which is taught in
relation to all svstems that are so extensive and
complicated. But Ihe delicate and responsible
task of its reform belonged to its friends, not to
its enemies. Let those friends, as one man,
rally to the rescue; and, not now, but at the
proper time, arrange themselves under the
banner ot any good and true Whig whom the
party may designate as the proper man, and
march steadily on to the glorious victory which
awaits them.
Public
Pursuant to previous call, a meeting of the
citizens of the county of Richmond, convened
at the City Hall in the city of Augusta, on Sat
urday, 22d inst. John H. Mann, Esq., was
called to the Chair, and W. Milo Olin appoint
ed Secretary.
The Cnairrnaa stated the object of the meet
ing to be, the appointment of a Committee to
purchase and present a Sword to Gen. D. E.
Twiggs, as atoken of approbation f r his gal
lant conduct during the bailies of “ Palo Allo”
and “ Resaca de la. Palma f on the Bth and 9th of
May.
Dr. Garvin moved that a Committee of forty
two be appointed by the Chair to carry the ob
ject of the meeting into effect, which was car
ried.
The following gentlemen were appointed
that Committee:
I P. Garvin, S. C. Wilson,
Nicholas Delaigle, E. Starnes, _
Marlin M. Dye, Jas- W. Davies,
John Phinigy, Sr., John D. Morgan,
B. H. Warren, Geo. Schley,
John P. King, Geo. M. Newton,
Amory Sibley, John Bridges,
Thos. J. Walton, Thos. W. Miller,
Peter F. Boisclair, Edward Thomas,
H. H. Cumming, Geo.G. McWhorter,
Turner Clanton," John McKinnie, Sr.,
T. S. Metcalf, Robt. A. Reid,
E. B. Glascock, L. A. Dugas,
Robt. F. Poe, Garey F. Paruh,
C. J. Jenkins, Wm.J. Eve,
Geo. W. Lamar, M. F. Boisclair,
Porter Fleming, J. W. Wilde,
W. M. D’Antigna:, W. M. Rowland,
Robt. S. Dill, Jos. A. Eve,
J. S. Clark, Wm Jones,
Philip McGran, Robt. Walton.
On motion of Geo. W. Lamar, Esq., ordered
that the proceedings be published in the city pa
pers. JOHN Hl MANN, Chairman.
W. Milo Olin. Secretary.
• MONDAY MORNING. AUGUST 24 1846.
f .... .
s ——
e The Two Million Bill.
J This amount of money was asked for of
j Congress by the President to aid in buying a
I peace of the formidable Mexicans. Some ofthe
, Democratic papers are doubting the sincerity
‘ of the Whigs, in wishing a speedy peace, be
s cause of their opposition to this appropriation.
We are asanxious to have friendly relations
’ established between thisgovernment and Mexico
r as any Democrat can be,or any other Whig press.
. This assertion will not be doubted by those who
• have watched our course upon this question.
We are glad, however, that the bill tailed.—
: We do not see how Southern Democrats can
i object to its failure, with Mr. Wilmot’s pro-
• viso. It will be recollected, that this is the gen.
j tieman who stood out alone against all the oth
: er members from Pennsylvania, Whigs and
Democrats, and voted for the tariff bill. He
was eulogized to the skies by the Washing
ton Union. Other Democratic presses in every
section ofthe country pointed to him as the able,
the independent, the patriotic Wilmot. Well,
this distinguished patriot offered a proviso to
the two million bill in the House as follows:
“That as an express and fundamental condi
tion to the acquisition of any territorj' from the
Republic of Mexico by the United States, by
virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated
between them, and to the use of, by the Execu
tive, ol the monies herein appropriated, neither
slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever
exist in any part of said territory, except for
crime, whereof the party shall first be duly con
victed.”
The bill passed the House wilh this proviso,
but was not acted upon in the Senale, or rather
the action of that body was not completed before
the hour of final adjournment. Mr. Davis of
Massachusetts, is charged with having spoke
against lime for Ihe purpose ol defeating it,
and this is made a grave charge against that
Senator.
Why, according to statements of persons on
the spot, the bill was not laken up in the Senate
till about thirty minutes before the hour ofthe
aforesaid adjournment. What! is it expected
that Congress shall pass bills of the magnitude
oflhis one, merely upon the recommendation of
the President, when he gives no reason of a
specific nature to show the propriety of them 1
Shall that body give up all the rights of investi
gation and judgment, at the bidding ot the Exe
cutive! Why was the proposition made at so
late a period 1 Why senditto Congress only
one day before the adjournment I—we should say
one business day, as it was sent on Saturday
and Congress adjourned on Monday. It passed
the House on the first mentioned day (the same
on which it was laid before it,) and failed in
the Senate on Monday for want ot time. We
are glad that it did fail.
Such hasty action should be rebuked. The
very nature of the proposition, and the time at
which it was made, gave it an equivocal char
acter! Besides, wc are glad that it did not suc
ceed, because ofthe proviso of that “able,” “in
dependent,” “patriotic” Democrat, Mr. Wihnot.
We have already alluded to this subject in a for
mer article, and will not dwell upon other par
ticulars and objections. The President has all 1
the power necessary to conclude an honorable i
peace if he wishes to do so. It it be neces- i
sary to purchase Mexican territory this side of :
the Rio Grande for a boundary, let him conclude j
a treaty to that effect; if he wanted the money
to bribe Mexican rulers, or influential men, to 1
dismember their country, we are glad that it has 1
been denied him.
The Georgia Railroad.
The Cherokee Advocate complains of the
hish charves on the Georgia RntlrooH, ««-! es
pecially on flour. This company has from
time to time reduced its charges on many arti
cles, as experience and an increased business
has enabled it to do so, and in the revised rates lor
the tall business, very probably some reduc
tions may be made. We do not agree with the
Advocate, however, that the present rates
are high. An idea seems to prevail with some,
that now the Macon and Western road has been
completed, freights on both roads are to be car
ried for nothing. It seems to be forgotten that
the expenses of conducting transportation on a
Railroad are enormous, and if they ceased to
charge, they must soon cease to run. The
Georgia Railroad charges 25 cents per hundred,
or 50 cents per barrel forflour, carried 172 miles;
the Macon and Western Road charges6o cents
per barrel, from Atlanta to Macon, 107 miles.
We believe both roads are low enough, at any
rate lor the present. When the State begins to
produce largely for export, then they can both,
probably, reduce on a larger business ; but, we
doubt much whether they can afford to reduce
much, it any, before that time.
We see that the Goosa River Journal has no
ticed the same subject, and both ground their
complaints on the low rates charged tor flour on
the Carolina Road. This great reduction on
the Carolina Road is fixed on it, we presume,
by a competition with the Savannah river. We
have heard it stated that the Western Road car
ries flour from Albany lo Boston much cheaper
than it does from any of the way stations, and
upon the same principle: it is forced to do it by
the competition wilh the Hudson river.
We have been rather surprised at the com
plaint of our Cherokee friend, for we had been
giving much credit to this Company tor its un
ceasing efforts to accommodate their interests. A
few years ago and the cost of a barrel of flour
from Atlanta to Augusta would have been two
or three dollars; it can now be carried to the
seaboard for less than half the charge, and still
our friends are not satisfied ; yes, we say, t»
the seaboard for less than half; for in looking at
the rates of the different lines, we find that a
barrel of flour may be carried from Atlanta by
Macon to Savannah for 90 cents, and by Au
gusta to Savannah for 78cents, and by Augus
ta to Charleston for 88 cents, all expenses in
cluded.
We doubt whether (with a few exceptions
under peculiar circumstances ot competition) a
cheaper railroad transportation can be found in
the Union. It will be the interest as well as
the duty of both our great lines of improvement
to fix their rales at a reasonable profit on the
cost ot transportation, but the public should not
expect them to work for nothing.
The Georgia Railroad charges one dollar per
bale, or say 25 cents on cotton and 8 cents for
corn, the whole length of road (172 miles.)
Would the Advocate ask for reduction here?—
We would specify other articles, but flouronly
is specified, and to these we intended to confine
ourselves.
New Cotton.
On Saturday, the 221 inst., lour bales of new
cotton werereceivedatthe warehouse of Messrs.
Adams, Hopkins & Co., quality middling fair,
and sold for 7J cents. This is the first new
cotton received this year, and is twenty-seven
days later than last season. We observe that
a new bale has been received at Mobile twen
ty-four days later than last season.
Crops in our neighboring counties are said to
be promising for a large growth, but in conse
quence of its lateness much will depend on an
eaily or late frost. Wecontinue to haveshow
ery weather.
Senator Haywood’s Address, io his con
stiuents, assigning his raasons for resigning his
seat in the Senate, has been published in both
the Washington papers, occupying ?even
columns ot close matter.
Mercer Universitr.—The Rev. Nathaniel
Macon Crawford has been appointed Profes
sor in the Theological Department in this In
stitution, and will enter upon the duties ot the
Chair at the opening of the next session.
VOL.X.-NO. 35.
’ LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
a Arrival O p THK
[ STEAMSHIP CALEDONIA.
Ten Days Later from Europe.
From the Baltimore American.
) The steamer Caledonia arrived at Boston on
Tuesday afternoon from Liverpool, which place
> she left on the 4th instant.
The Liverpool papers are filled wilh an ac
count ofthe visit ot Prince Albert to that place,
- and the magnificent doings on that occasion.
) Liverpool, during the two days of the royal
festival, was pregnant with excitement. The
holidays were general—business was suspend
. ed, and every one, in the gratification of an
. amicable feeling, seemed bent on enjoying him
. self for the time being.
The Cotton market was without any percep
tible change, and an improvement had taken
place in the manufacturing districts, in conse
quence of the probabilities ot the passage ot the
new Tariff—which had passed the House ot
. Representatives here.
The value of iron has risen in anticipation
of a large export to the United States.
The money market has fluctuated but little
since the sailing ol the last packet.
The steamer Britannia arrived at Liverpool
from Boston, on the 31st ult.
Louis Bonaparte, Ex-King of Holland, died
at Leghorn oi apolexy, on the 24th ult. aged
sixty-seven.
The Pope ot Rome has granted a general
amnesty to all political offenders.
The debate on the Sugar duties occupied two
• days, and the Government scheme triumphed by
a majority of 245 to 135—nearly two to one.
This result virtually abrogates the monopoly,
and places sugar in the same categorj’ as corn,
by an easy declension on the high road to free
trade. Sir Robert Peel gave ihe ministerial
measure a generous support, and the gtealness
ofthe majority may be traced to that circum
stance.
Alter the very decided vote on the Sugar Du
ties, of course all tears of an immediate dissolu
tion are at an end. Thesession will be wound
up with eclat by the Whigs; and in the present
temper of parties they may go to the polls be
fore Parliament meetsagain with a fair chance
ot success, and a long continuance of office.
Another attempt had been made on the life
ofthe King ot France. While sealed al the
window in the palace ot the Tuilleries, to lis
ten to a concert performed by the National
Guards, on the 30th ultimo, a man in the crowd
diew a pistol and fired two shots at the King.—
He missed him, of course, and also those in his
immediate vicinity. He was immediately ar
rested. His name was Joseph Henry. He
said he was weary of life and resolved to com
mit this crime as a means ot meeting death.
A Paris paper, the Courrier Francais, says
that the Mexican Government has demanded ot
France and England their mediation to put an
end to the war with the U. States.
The departure of the Psyche lor Vera Cruz
has been delayed several days in order that it
may carry the answer to this proposition.—
Doubtful.
At Berlin, on the 22d, Mr. Wheaton, the A
merican Minister, took his leave ot the King
of Prussia, and Mr. Donalson was received in
private audience and presented his credentials.
The differences between France and the Go
vernment of Hayti have been satisfactorily ar
ranged. The latter pays an indemnity, invites
the consul of France by letter to resume his
functions, and receives him with all honors on
landing. It is stated that the English agents
have contributed greatly to bring about this
satisfactory result.
The merchants of Holland ate turning their
attention to colonial enterprise. They have
already got up a company for the cultivation of
the sugar cane, on a grand scale. 1 hey pro
pose also to make great efforts to obtain posses
sion of a larger share of the China trade. The
Government has established a professorship ot
the Chinese language in the University.
The King and Uueen of Sweden have been
on a visit to the Danish Court, and have been
received wilh great pomp and lespect.
in the Diet ot Switzerland on the 22d July a
letter was read from the Consul of Switzerland
at New York, staling that, in the name ofthe
President of the United Slates, he had to an
nounce that the war with Mexico was only de
fensive, and that as soon as Mexico should de
sue tu uioKe pence he would accept it.
Three hundred barrels ot American Flout
have reached Nottingham from Liverpool, and
were immediately sold at about eight dollars
per barrel.
Commercial.
The weather since our last has been variable.
Several brilliant days there have been, succeed
ed by thunder storms and showers, and by the
latter the crops in several parts of Ihe country
has been beaten down and injured.
The new wheat crop in the west districts
have been cut, but it is described as being less
heavy than previous calculations led us to an
ticipale. The quality ol the wheat is good, but
no general result can as yet be satisfactorily ar
rivedat. In the meantime, large quantities of
wheat and flour continue to arrive from the
United States and Canada, which keep down
prices and render the trade inactive.
The money market has fluctuated but little
since the sailing ofthe last packet, still Jess
since the division in the House of Commons
on the subject ot the sugar duties. Mexican
five per cents have fallen to 25|, in consequence
ofthe present critical state of affairs in that
conntry. A meeting of ihe Mexican Mining
Association was held in London on Wednes
day, the report ot which did not show a high
stain ol prosperity. The Mexican executive
had acknowledged its liabilities lo the company
to the extent of 289,000 dollars, coupled with
the declaration, however, that it was impossi
ble at present to discharge it.
At the London Wool sales, recently conclu
ded, some attention was excited by a small
quantity of that article from Oregon, which ar
rived in tolerable condition, free ffotn burs, and
well washed. It commanded a good price, and
the country is said to be favorable for its pro
duction.
There is not much briskness in the manufac
turing districts. The business has been so un
profitable, that some of the manufacturers had
serious notions of working short time, when
the intelligence arrived that the House of Rep
resentatives had passed the tariff. This gave a
fillip to the desponding, but it yet remains lo be
seen whether the same success will attend the
measure in ihe Senate. Trade here will revive
if the tariff pass in its integrity.
The Cotton market yesterday was brisk, but
prices can hardly be said to be higher. Never
theless a better feeling prevailed, and the sales
reached 10,000 bales.
Owing lo the tariff having passed the more
popular branch ol Congress, Ihe value of Iron
has risen in anticipation of a large export to Ihe
United States.
France.
Par is, July 30.—The Paris Presse has repro
duced a few lines from the Washington Union,
relative to France sending a naval squadrunto
the Gull of Mexico, “not,” as it says, “for the
purpose ot replying to lhem, bnt to show how
great have become the distrust and suscep
tibility ol the Americans towards the French
Government since the unhappy affair of Texas.”
The Moniteur ot Sunday last (the official
journal) publishes a notification Irom President
Paredes, declaring that the port of Acapulco,
being in the hands of the insurgents, shall be
closed to Mexican vessels within one month
from the 22J of May, within four months of
that date for vessels of America, and within six
months lor vessels from Europe. The Moni
teur also publishes a letter Irom the command
er of the steam frigate Mississippi, ratifying
the blockade by the United States squadron of
the portot Vera Cruz.
The attempt on his life excited no perceptible
emotion in the mind of the King. He was as
calm and as composed as it nothing had hap
pened. His Majesty, as on previous occasions,
sat out the conclusion ol the concert, and then
went to witness the fireworks, for the com
mencement of which he gave the usual signal
Alter they were concluded he returned to Neu
illy, and from thence started to the Chateau
d’Eu. The assassin will, no doubt, be behead
ed like his predecessor Lecomle. He js well
dressed, of elegant manners, and at the time he
was arrested had 140 francs in his pocket.
This makes the rtveiilA attempt al assassination
from which Louis Philippe has escaped.
In the course of Monday night the stables of
ihe Hippodrome caught tire, and were complete
ly destroyed, the harness ot the horses, together
with the costumes ofthe actors, &-C. The da
mage done is very considerable. Ilissupposed
that the fire was the workot an incendiary.
From Algiers the news is of the usual chat
acter, that is to say, the French have chastised
revolted or disaffected tribes, seized their flocks,
and compelled them to make heavy payments
in money. The tribes of the Ouled-Sidi-Yuhia-
Ben-Kaleb, those ol the mountains lo the north
ol Setil, ol Ouled-Aissa, of Amoucha, have
been thus treated. The last accounts represent
the country as tranquil. There were no tidings
ot Abd el-Kader.
Spain.
Madrid, July 22 The brother of the Duke
ot Rianzares has been appointed Minister to
the Republic of Venezuela.
There have been some slight attacks ot cho
lera but none dangerous. Doctors recommend
the people, as a precaution, to make a less im-