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«it «dy ill i h 4 w b i/1 a” w ,ijii i ill hi - i
—
BY WILLIAM S. JONES
£mns, &t.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
la Published every Wednesday,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten
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year, thus furnishing the Paper at the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
or a free copy to all who may procure us Jive sub
scribers, and forward us the money.
i'HB CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
scribers at the following rates, viz.:
Daily Paper $lO per annum.
Tri-Weikly Papbr 5 “ “
TERMS OP ADVERTISING.
Ik Weekly. —Seventy-five cents per square (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cents
for each subsequent insertion.
JTor Sale.
THAT WELL KNOWN and ytyx.
gHF valuable SETTLEMENT OF LAND,
the residence ofthe late William Gar
bktt, deceased, of Walton county, situated about
three miles from Social Circle, and six from Monroe,
on the Alcovy River containing one thousand acres
land, nt least four hundred of is wood land
nmi well limbered ; a considerable quantity of fine
river low-grounds. There are open the premises a
most excellent spring of pure water, Dwelling House
and ail necessary form buildings, large Gin House,
Packing Screw, and good. Orchards.
The above lands arc offered at the very low price
of Four Thousand Dollars ; one-half cash, the balance
on a credit until the Ist January, ISSI.
JOHN SCOTT,
BENJAMIN T. RUSSELL.
Social Circle, au2-wtf
VALUABLE LANDS FOR SALE,
On the Coosa River, 4 miles from Cedar Blujf,
Cherokee County, Alabama.
4S&L THE SUBSCRIBER offers for sale, on
the most moderate terms for cash, his v hole
TRACT OP LAND, 851 acres, some 500 of
as fine Bottom Lands as any on Coosa River; 350 of
fair Upland, 160 acres well cleared, (mostly bottom)
a desirable xitnation for a residence, commanding a
full view of the Bottom Lands. An adjoining tract
can be purchased if desired, consisting of 450 acres,
300 Bottom Lands, 120 cleared; the open lands all
in a high state of cultivation. Any quantity of farm
Produce, Slock, Cattle and Hogs, with a good lot of
Muka, can be purchased if desired, ou reasonable
terms, on the premises.
a029 w 4 JAMES HUGHES. Sen.
LAND AND NEGROES FOR SALE.
MTHE SUBSCRIBER offers for
Sale the tract of Land on which he re--XT
Columbia county, containing Five Hundred
and Sixteen Acres, with a good form and comfortable
residence, and the necessary out-buildings He will
also sell with the land his Plantation Negroes, con
sisting of men, women and children, m<«t of them
very likelv and valuable. Terms will be liberal.
Persons desiring to purchase will please call and ex
amine the property. PETER WRIGHT.
au 7 wtNl ■
VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR
SALE.
HAVING DETERMINED tore
move West, I offer my PLANTATION
-*-• for sale, which lies on Upson and Hart’s -A-
Creek, four miles north of Wrightsboro, Columbia
county, and contains eight hundred and fifty acres,
three hundred and fifty of which is in the woods, lies
well and with a heavy growth of Oak and Hickcry ;
the balance in a high state of cultivation, with only
fifty acres nt worn or waste Land on the tract.
This Farm is surpassed by few (if any in the coun
ty) for its production of Cotton or Grain, is well im
proved, with every necessary and convenient Out
House, including a good Gin House and Packing
Screw. Further description is deemed unnecessary,
as persona desiring a valuable Farm in this county
with advantages so numerous, would prefer examin
ing for themselves. As lam anxious to sell by the
first day of October next, a great baigain con be had
if application is made on or before that time.
au6-w6w THOMAS DOOLEY.
NOTICE.
THE SUBSCRIBER wishes to
sell hi* well known STAND AND IsJO
PLANTATION, in the town ofFredo- -JL.
nia, Chambers county, Ala. It is so well known that
a description of it is deemed unnecessary. There is
about 24G acres attached to the stand well improved
and very healthy. Any person wishing to purchase
will call on me on the premises, or to M. Ferrell,
Esq., LaGrange, Ga. A bargain will be given.
JOHN A. HURST.
Fredonia, Ala., July 6, 1849. Jyl3-wlo
VALUABLE LAND FOR SALE.
THE SUBSCRIBER offers for
tgßjl sale 150 ACRES OP LAND, adjoining*!®
tlH | forming a part of the Village of So
cial Circle. Sixty acres improved with a good two
story Dwelling, (in town) new Kitchen and Smoke
Huuse, and other comfortable buildings. A bargain
will be sold in the premises.
V. H. CRAWLEY
Social Circle, March 5. 1R49. wtf
hotels.
COHUTTA SPRINGS.
THE PROPRIETOR of thia de-
||[ lightful WATERING PLACE, would
“* respectfully announce to the pnblic,
that he is now prepared to accommodate from one
hundred to one hundred and fifty visitors, in as com
fortable and complete a style as any similar estab
lishment in Upper Georgia.
The Springs are located in the county of Murray,
at the base of the Cohutta Mountain, about twenty
miles from Dalton.
au3LwS WILLIAM WORLEY.
HOWARD HOUSE,
MARIETTA GEORGIA.
MWIC ARE GRATIFIED to inform the
publie, ami especially travellers from the low
country, that the HOWARD HOUSE having
passed intoour agency, we are determined to do away
with the complaints that Marietta does not afford the
requisite cunventeacas by which visitors would be
induced to sojourn in this delightful locality.
The Howard House is now renovated, and accom
modations prepared which cannot fail to please.—
The chambers are pleasant and conveniently fur
nished* The table will be amply supplied with every
luxury the country affords. Attentive servants aie
engaged, tn *h>rt, if agreeable quarters, a well spread
table, cleanliness and attention, joined with moderate
charges, can please, we assure our patrons that they
will be found at the HOWARD HOUSE.
al-w4 DIX FLETCHER.
MARIETTA HOTEL.
THE UNDERSIGNED begs leave to
■UB inform the public and his friends, that he has
taken a lease of this establishment and will open it
for the reception of boarders and visitors the first of
September next, when he hope* by his prompt atten
tion to the business, and his anxiety to render his
guests comfortable, to secure a liberal patronage.
aulS wtf J. F. ARNOLD.
WASHINGTON HALL,
ATLANTA GKOROIA,
BREAKPAST ANO DINNER HOUSE FOR PAS
SENGERS.
MEALS alway. in due aea*>n for lhe de
nja parlure of lhe cars. A share of public petrvii-
WWL a g e ig respectfully Mlir.iled.
my3o-wly ' HOLCOMBE & RICE.
HOTELI
MRS. W. J. JONES avails herself of
pttj the opportunity to .announce to the friends and
patrons ot her late husband (W. J. Jones), and the
public generally, that she intends keeping open tha
Hotel heretofore kept by him at APPLING, and so
licits a continuance of lhe patronage hitherto bestowed
on the bouse. She hopes by her unremitted exer
tions and attention to the duties of her station to met it
the approbation ot those who may favor her with a
call. SI __
—■ -- ~ - -
FEMALE SEMINARY,
Waihington, Wilkes County. Georgia.
Rev. GEO. H. W. PETRIE, Principal.
THE NEXT SESSION of this Institution will
commence vn MONDAY, the 16th of July,
and will close on Friday, the 14th of December.
Tas course of tnstruction is extensive, embracing
all the common and higher English branches, the
Latin and French languages, Vocal and Instrument
al Music.
TERMS PER SESSION OF 22 WEEKS.
V Primai y Department $8 00
K Junior “ 15 00
| Senior 20 U 0
THE ONLY EXTRA CHARGES.
Marie — Piano Forte 20 00
French, 10 00
Drawing. 10 00
Use of Instrument (for practicing) 2 00
Fuel 50
Payments in advance.
Board in private families of high respectability, at
Ten Ifollars per month ; washing, Ac., extra.
Application for further infarmstioo, or for admission,
may tW made to the Principal, or to either of tlie un
dersigned Trureea
Dr. John H. Pope, A. S. Wingfield, A. A. Cleve
land, Hott. Garnett Andrews, XVm. M. Reese, Dr. J.
J. Roberso®, E. M. Burton. je23-!am4m
TO TEACHERS
APRIXCIPAL, with two assistants, and a
M nrie Teacher, are wanted for the Female In
stitute at Pickensville, Alabama.
This Institution has been iu operation for three re»-
•woe, with the most encouraging success, under lhe
care of the Rev. T. F. Montgomery, of Georgi v, who
resigns the sHuation account cm the sarioM ill
health of his wile. The building is large and com
modiou*, three stories high, containing twenty-one
rooms, with all necessary out buildings, and is well
arranged for a bearding school. A phitaenphiea! and
chemical *n»ra?aa u attached. The situation is
healthy and pleasant, and iu the midst of a wealthy
•nd enterprising people.
Trie average nurnberof pupils for the first yeer has
been about eighty, with between twenty-five and
music arbelara, and about thirty boarders. It
* Jeered to recommence lhe extremes of the School
as puariVle from the first of October to the
January next. More detailed information can
w . **a«»ed by addre«tn« the suhnenber at Piekens
.^>‘J hhama J M BECKETT,
w 4 President of the Board of Trustees.
I*- B. BURNHAM.
CLOCK REPAIRER,
R/7*T KCTr <I-LV rnvitw the Citizens of FJ.
•re c<r>£u t>CKS ANO WATCHES
and
to order. Hi repaired, and Jewelry repaired
Square. jy2s UuU
Augusta, 05 a.:
THURSDAY MORNING, AUG. 30, 1849.
Over Production of Cotton.
In an anniversary address before the State
Agricultural Society of South Carolina, deliv
ered last November, Mr. Wk. Elliott took
occasion to express the opinion that too much
cotton was grown for the interest of planters—
that a less quantity would bring them more mo
ney. This doctrine of over production of cot
ton was recently assailed by Gov. Seabrook,
President of the State Society, at a meeting al
Chester, and has called forth an extended reply
: from Mr. Elliott in the Charleston Courier
of the 28th inst.
The subject is one of general interest and
■ has elicited much discussion at the South.
There can be no doubt that 2,000,000 bales
at present prices will yield a larger return to
planters than 2,700,000 at the current rates
which prevailed in the interior eight months a
go.
Why then, it may be asked, be at the great ex
pense of raising 700,000 bags for nothing, and
do the land on which it grows a serious injury
in the bargain ?
No satisfactory answer can be given to this
question. Hence, the soundness of the views
of Mr. E. and the importance of devoting a
portion of the labor and land, which when
employed in cotton culture depress the price to
4.4 or 5 cents a pound,to other branches of agri
culture. Os course there would be danger of
building up rival cotton growing interests in
Egypt, Syria, India and South America, if the
supply should fall far short of the demand, and
the market value of this great Southern staple
be permanently ata high figure. But there is
not the least danger that American planters
will fail to meet the demand so long as the bu
siness is remunerating. They are well fixed
generally for growing cotton, and understand
the business much better than wool growing,
stock raising and grain culture. It is far
easier for a merchant or mechanic to change
somewhat his capital and labor than for the
owner of common field hands, mules and a
cotton plantation. There can be no reasons
ble fear that with fair prices, too little cotton
will be grown in this country.
Those planters who study to improve their
estates, who make all their meat and bread,
I raise all their mulesand horses, and have but
ter, lard, bacon, wool and wheat to sell, will be
more independent and more prosperous, ten
or twenty years hence, than the most driving,
land killing cotton growers in the Stile.
Theatrical, at a Dlacount.
As civilized man become, more a matter of
fact animal, his taste for theatrical performances
diminishes. The proprietorsand managers of
theatres almost everywhere nnd their receipts
less than they expected. In Paris, the govern
ment not long since had to lend its pecuniary
aid to the shareholders and laborers in this
barren vineyard. Ira London drama-stock is
equally unprofitable. Mr. Delafield, mana
ger of Covent Gardent, has recently sunk a
splendid fortune in a vain attempt to win back
the departed favor of a cold, calculating pub
lic. Speaking of Mr, D.’a bankruptcy, the
London correspondent of the N. Y. Spirit of
the Times says: ** When the charming Albosi
first appeared at Covent Garden, her terms
were £4,000 for sixty-six nights. During the
same season other artists were paid an aggre
gage of £20,000. The band had £7,000. The
rent of the house was £6,000. The total ex
penditure for a season of sixty-aix nights £55,-
770, or £845 a night.”
The above figures show an average expendi
ture each night by the manager, for aristocratic
amusement, of four thousand two hundred dol
lars. To meet this and leave a profit on the
business, would require the nightly expendi
ture of a largo sum at a single theatre. Ac
what point the reaction will stop, it is difficult
to form an opinion. Mr. Macheadt has not
yelappeared on the stage since his return from
this country. He has an engagement at
Drury Lane.
Agricultural Societies*
If Agricultural Societies were formed in every sec
tion of the country, and a spirit of improvement and
honorable emulation aroused among our farmers, a
few years would show a wonderful change in the ap
pearance of farui« and agriculture generally. A so
ciety of this kind hai« been in existence some time at
Calhoun’s Mills in this District, and the good result
ing from it is already manifest iu that region iu the
improvement of farms and cultivation. The lands in
this district are as productive as any in the State, ami
well adapted for the cultivation of cotton and all kinds
of grain, let us then Cake care of and appreciate
them.— Abbeville Banner.
If there is a better cultivated district at the
South than that in the vicinity of Calhoun’s
Mills, where the society above spoken of exists,
we have not seen it. Abbeville District pos
sesses vast agricultural capabilities; and it
needs but an united and earnest effort, to dou
ble its annual crops, its wealth and its popula
tion- The Banner does well to remind the
leading men of the District how much they
may gain by " arousing a spirit of improve
ment and honorable emulation among the far
mers of that region.”
The farmer named Tai mad ge, who, it will be re
membered, was arrested some time since for hying
rails on the track of the Troy and Saratoga Railroad,
near the village ot Ballston Spa, whereby the engine
was thrown from the track, and the engineer, Mr.
Dodge, a valuable citizen of Waterobet, was killed,
has been indicted by the Grand Jury of Saratoga
county for murder, and committed to prison. It wa<
rumored that a man who was passing along the road
on foot saw him, and that on this testimony the Grand
Jury found a true bill.
Thi fact should be well understood, that any
i injury done by causing a locomotive and cars
j. to run off the track, will be punished with pe
culiar severity. There are so many places on
» all roads where a small impediment may be
fata! to all persons on the train, that an appa
rently trivial offence should be guarded against
by severe pains and penalties.
Sheep vs. Dogi.
Watkimsvixeb, August 7. 1849. — Messrs. Edi
tors:—The Clarke County Agricultural Society this
day, passed a resolution to appoint twenty delegates
to the Southern Central Agiicultural Association, at
Stone Mountain, on the 15th instant. It was also
Rcsolred, That our delegates at the Convention,
are instructed to bring forward a resolution, to me
tnorialiaethe next Legislature, topass suitable lawa
for the protection and encouragement of sheep hus
bandry in thia State. G. B. Haygood, Sec’y.
[.il/icns Whig.
The above is a movement in the right di
rection. We learn from the ••Wool Grower,”
for this month, that the receipts of wool al the
port of Buffalo np to the Ist of August this
season, have been 4,706,194 pounds. The
prices range from 42 to 15 cents. At a fair
average, the value of so much of the clip as
has gone forward is not less than a million and
a quarter of dollars. The annual clip of the
State of New York is worth some six millions.
If we mistake not, her law to protect sheep from
the depredations of vicious dogs is worthy of
adoption in this State. It imposes no higher
tax on dogs than will barely meet the loss on
such sbeep as are killed by this race of animals,
which loss cannot be collected from the owner
of the dog or dogs that did the mischief. The
tax is light, and the protection ample to the
wool grower. We are confident that the pro
duction of wool for export, can be made pro
fitable in the South. We will publish the N.
York law and do what we reasonably can to se
cure to Georgia the benefit of another valuable
staple.
Americans—Hungary.—Lieutenant Mayne
Rain, who distinguished himselfat the battle of
Chapultepec with the New York regiment of
volunteers, has organised a large party of Hun
garians and others in London, and gone to ten
der his services to the Hungarian Government.
Its Minister in London gave Lieut. R. letters
to the brave Kossuth. Bem and Georgsy.
Fearless, patriotic spirits will flock to the
Hungarian standard from all parts of Europe,
and not a few from the Uni'ed States, if the
war continues for any length of time.
Canada Horses. —Mr. Grant of this State
has just imported from Canada eight horses,
which were selected with care, and to which he
invites the attention of dealers. They can be
seen at the warehouse of Avams, Hopkins A
Co.
Another Coelisioh. —The steamship Cana
da. from Liverpool. arrived off the •• Light
Ship” Ji. York.at 10 o’clock Fnday night, and
run foul of tne British brig Jan* bound from
New York to Liverpool with a cargo of pro
visions. The brig was cut down to the water’s
edge. The Canada went to the brig’s as
sistance. Fortunately the bng was able to
float, and was towed to Sandy Hook and
placed in charge of th* steamer Ajax. The
accident seems inexplicable. The night was
beautiful, and there mast have been gross neg
ligence somewhere.
Whig Senatorial Convention.
The Whigs of the Thirty-fifth Senatorial
District assembled this day at Rehoboth Church,
in Wilkes county, and were organized as a
Convention by the appointment of F. F. Flem
ming, Esq., of Lincoln, President, and James
R. Sneed, of Wilkes county, Secretary.
The object of the Convention having been
stated, Benning B. Moore, Esq., of Lincoln,
offered the following resolution:
That Dr. William Q Anderson, of
Wilkes county, be chosen by acclamation, the nomi
nee of this Convention for Senator from the 35th Sen
atorial District, in the next General Assembly.
Which was read and unanimously adopted.
On motion of Hon. R. Toombs, the follow
lowing committee was appointed to confer with
Dr. Auderson, and request, in behalf of this
Convention, his acceptance of the nomination,
viz: Hon. R. Toombs, Dr. Jno. Simmons
a F. G. Wingfield.
On motion of C. R. Strother, Esq., the pro
ceedings were requested to be published in the
Washington Gazette and Whig papers of Au
gusta.
Messrs. Toombs Gartrell and Moore being
severally called on addressed the Convention.
On motion lhe Convention then adjourned.
F. F. FLEMING, Pres’t.
J. R. Sneed, Secretary.
Rehoboth, Wilkes co., August 2oth, 1849.
From the
The. Ntunl)< r of Iron ’* l * 1,1
Tenne»-ee —East her
Railroads.
The following is a Reliable estimate of the
number of Iron Establishments in Middle Ten
nessee; as well as their comparative daily,
weekb and yearly production: ana the mo
tive power by which they are operated.
Dickson county.— One blast furnace, owned by
Robert Baxter; makes 1.000 tons of pig metal per
annum, and uses steam power.
One blast furnace, called the Louisa Furnace, built
in 1844, by Robert Baxter, and now owned by him ;
makes 40 tons per week of pig metal. Uses steam
power.
One blast fnrnace, called the Cumberland Furnace,
owned by Anthony Vanleer, 8 miles from Cumber
land river; make’2,ooo tons of pig metal per an
num. Uses steam power.
One blast furnace, called the Old Tennessee Fur
nace, built in 1797, R. S. Napier. Now out efuse.
One blast furnace, called the Belview Furnace,
built by M. Beilin 1826. Now out of use. Part
steam and part water power.
One blast furnace, called the Jackson Furnace,
built by M. Bell in 1830. Out of use. Water pow
er.
One blast furnace, called the Piney Furnace, built
by R. C. Napier in 1833, now owned by W. C. Na
pier; makes 40 tons of pig meta! per week. Water
power.
Ono blast furnace, called the Carroll Furnace,
built by E. W. Napier in 1826; made 25 tons of pig
metal per week. Oat of use. Water power.
One blast furnace, called the Worldly Furnace,
built by M. Bell, in 1845, and now owned by him.
Capable of making 40 tons of pig metal per week.
Steam power.
One forge, called the Horse Shoe Forge, owned by
Robt. Baxter; makes 20 tons of blooms per week.
Uses water power.
One forge called Baxter’s Steam Forge, now owned
by Robt. Baxter, and is one mile from Cumberland
river. Uses steam power.
One forge, called the Valley Forge, built by M.
Bell. Out of use. Used water power.
One forge, called the White Bluff Forge, built by
R. C. Napier in 1830, now owned by R. C. Napier;
makes 2,500 lbs. bar iron per diem. Uses water
power.
One forge, called the Turnbull Forge, built by R.
C. Napier 1816; now owned by Napier and Ro
bertson; has made as much as 3,000 lbs. of hammer
ed bar iron per day. Water power.
Dickson county has 10 furnaces and 5 forgesin and
out of operation.
Montgomery County.— One furnace and forge to
gether, owned by Steel & Socks, built :n 1802 ;
makes 25 tons of pig metal per week. Uses waler
power.
One do., called the Sailor’s Re t, located on Yel
low creek, owned by Robert West, averages 1,000
tons of pig metal per annum. Uses water power.
One do., called lhe Washington Iron Works, once
turned out 30 tonsuf pig metal per week. Now out
of use. Steam power.
One do., called the Lafayette Furnace, owned by
Stewart & Die; makes 30 tons of pig metal per
week, as well as sugar kettles. Uses steam power.
One do. t called the Webster Furnace, owned by
Jackson and others; makes 30 tons pig metal per
week. Steam power.
One Forge, owned by Robert West, 2 miles from
Sailor’s Rest; makes 30 tons of blooms per week.
One do., called lhe Blooming Grove Ironworks;
forgo and rolling mill, owned by the Messrs...Nib
blitts ; makes 30 tons of pig metal per week, th-es
steam power.
Montgomery county has 5 furnaces, 3 forges and 1
rolling mill.
Williamson County.— One blast furnace built by
the Messrs. Spears in 1832. Out of use.
Humphreys County.— fine blast furnace, called
Fair Chance, built by Vanlier, Hillman Co., 2
miles from the Tennessee, river; makes 30 tons of
pig metal per week. Wate r power. »
furnace,. Furnace,
owned by S. B Lee, once made 40 tonrof pig metal
perueek. Out of use. Waterpower.
One forge, called the Epps <sr Jackson Forge, built
by lhe sumo in 1846; makes 20 tons of blooms per
week. Water power.
Humphreys county has 2 furnaces and 1 forge.
Hickman County.— One furnace, called the /Etna
Furnace, built by M. C. Napier in 1835; makes
2,000 tons of pig metal per annum. Steam power.
Two bloomeries, built by H. Perkins, owned by
W. Easley; makes 400 lbs. of bar iron per day each.
Water power.
Hickman county has 1 furnace and 2 blocmcries.
Davids n County. — One called Patterson’s Iron
Works, built by M. Bell in 1830, and now owned by
him; makes 40 tons of blooms per week. Water
power.
County.— One bloomety, owned by
Huger, built in 1830, called the Jackson Forge;
manufactures 400 lbs. of bar iron per diem.
One bloomery, built in 1844, on Grand-Daddy’s
creek, by James Kelly; makes 400 lbs. of bar iron
per diem. Steam power.
One bloomery, called the Buffalo Iron Works,
owned by W. C. Naper ; lhe blast furnace and forge
make 35 tons of pig metal per week. The forge 35
tons of blooms. Waler power.
One bloomery, called the Back Woods Forge,
owned by Dotson & Tinner, situated on the Little
Buffalo; makes 200 lbs. of bar iion per day. Wa
ler power.
One bloomery,called Shoal Creek Bloomery, built
by Hardin Perkins in 1823. Out of use.
Lawrence county, 3 bloomeries, 1 furnace and 2
forges.
Stewait County. — One furnace, called Patona,
built in 1944, owned by Thomas Kirkman ; makes
1,800 ton® of pig metal per annum. •Steam power.
One furnace, called the Beat Spring, owned by
Wood?, Sucker & Co., 2 miles from the Cumberland
river; makes from 1,800 to 2,000 tons of pig metal
per annum. Steam power.
One furnace, called the Dover Furnace, made
1,5(M) tons of pig metal per annum. Steam power.
One furnace, called tlie LaGrange Furnace, owned
by Woods, Stacker Co.: makes 1,500 tons of pig
metal per annum. Steam power.
One rolling mill, called the Cumberland Rolling
Mill, owned by Woods, Stacker Co.; averages
2,0(0 tons assorted bar iron per annum. Steam
power.
One rolling mill, called the Ashland Iron Works
blast furnace and forge together—owned by James
L. James; makes 30 tons of blooms per week. Steam
power.
Stewart county has 5 furnaces, 1 rolling mill and 1
forge.
H’ayne County.— Mount Jasper Furnace, built
by Royal Forgerson, now owned by John W. Walk
er, makes 2,000 tons of pig metal per annum. Wa
ter power.
One furnace, called the Clay Furnace and the 48
Forge, owned by John W. Walker; the Forge
makes 1 ton of Bar Iron per day. Uses water power.
Wayne county has 2 furnaces and 1 forge.
Decatur County.— West PjOint Furnace makes
600 tons of pig metal per annum. Steam power.
One Furnace called Brown’s Fort Furnace, built
by S. Vanleer, in 1838; makes SOO tons ot Pig metal
per annum. Uses steam power.
Decatur county, has two furnaces. There may be
p>)ssibly a few more furnaces and forges in middle
Tennessee, which I have not enumerated.
WEST TENNESSEE’S FURNACES, FORGES,
BLOOMERIES AND ROLLING MILLS.
Hardin County. Marion Blast Furnace and
Forge, owned by James Walker, of Columbia, makes
from SOO to 1,000 tons of Pig meta! per annum.—
Steam power.
One furnace called the Wayne Furnace and Forge,
built by S. Vanleer, in 1833 —now out of use.—
Steam power.
Hardin county lias two blast furnaces and two
forges.
Perry County.— Cedar Grove Furnace, built by
Dixon & Dickerson, in 1837, double stacs; makes
50 tons of Pig metal per week per stac. Uses steam
power.
One furnace, but 1 do not know any thing about
thia. Perry county has two furnaces.
Madison County.—One Blast furnace, of this, al
so, 1 know nothing.
EAST TENNESSEE’S FURNACES, FORGES
BLOOMERIES, AND ROLLING MILLS.
I have no reliable data, by which I can at present
estimate the number of Iron establishments, in East
Tennessee, and must therefore resort to lhe census
of IS4O. to approximate the number. In 1840, East
Tennessee had twelve furnacee and seventy bloome
riee, forges and roiling mills. Os furnaces, Carter
county had 3, Claiborne 2, Green 1, Johnson 1.
R wne 1. Sevier 1, Sullivan 1, Washington 2.
Os forges and rolling mills. Blount
county bad 2, Campbell 5, Carter 8, Claiborne 7,
Grainger 1, Greene 7, Johnson 19 Knox 2. Meigs 1,
Rhea 1, 4, Sullivan 4, Sevier 1, Washington
8. Total of lhe former 12, of the latter 70. Since
1840, Eist Tennessee. I think, has not increased the
noinltr ot her Iron establishments, but of this I am
uninfbrmed.
Total number of furnaces in Tennessee at present.
47. Total number of blixjtnerie*, forgeries and rol -
ing mills 92. Middle Tennessee has more furnaces.
East Tennessee more forges, bloomeries and roiling
mif.s. In Tennessee also, there are several foundo
ne# and engine establishments, the most important
of which, are the foundrys and engine establishments
of lhe M-'ssrs. Ament and Anderroo, of our own ci
ty.
In Iron manufacturing importance, Tennessee is
the third State in the Union. Pennsylvania first. N.
York second Pennsylvania, by the census of 1940.
had of foramens 213, of bloomenes, forges and rolling
mil*# 169. Capital invested. $7,771.471; number
of c-peratives employed, including mining aperitives,
11,522 New York, of furnaces, had IS6, nfblooai
erie\ forges and rolling mills 120; capital invested
$2.103,418; men employed. 3458. Tennessee had
of furnaces 34, bloomeries. forges and rolling mills,
99; capital invested, $1,514,763; men employed
2,266.
Tennessee, in 1850. will not occupy the same re’e
tive positive. For while iheae two States have spread
a net work of railroads, canals and turnpikes over
tdeir entire territorial domain, making accessible,
•nd developing their cml and mineral resources,
Tennessee, hke * borae m a trend mill, has conttau
ed to pursue the fame narrow and tardy revolution.
Why should New York and Petrnsylvania exceed
Tennessee either in the number of iron establish
meats, or the value and imjhxtanee of their producu'
1 Tennessee has more iroa ore. and of a better quality
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 5. 184$).
than either; her labor, provisions and lands, are
cheaper ; her coal fields are more extensive, and it
has long been decided for all manufacturing purposes
her bituminous is far preferable to the Anthracite
coal; her power, if that be a desideratum, is far more
abundant than theirs. But this is not a consideration.
For both in Europe and America, steam is rapidly
superseding water power. By far the greater num
ber of manufoctuiing establishments in Tennessee,
are operated by steam |>ower; so they are in N. York,
Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. N. York and Penn
sylvania, when they commenced their glorious career
of Internal Improvements, did not,like Tennessee,stop
to count the cost. They knew as soon as their im
provements were completed, the enhanced value of
their lands, the increase of every variety of maou •
factures, the development of their multiform resources,
the wonderful growth of their cities, and the multi
plication of capital and population from abroad, the
advanced value of all real and personal estate—all
these would definitely requite them for their invest
ments, and expenditures. Have they nut already
more than realized these once supposed beatific vis
ions ?
Citizens of Tennessee, the course that we should
adopt in the future, to make us a prosperous and hap
py people, is simple and plain. We must manufac
ture our iron, as we ought, all our cotton products,
especially all such as are manufactured out of our
raw materials in Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and the
North. Or we shall ever pay tribute to these—have
exchanges against us—see our imports far exceeding
our exports, and a continuous drain of gold and sil
ver flowing from our vitals to make tip the deficit.—
Gold and silver are the life blood of commercial
prosperity and wealth. The vast region of our coal
and mineral resources is in East Tennessee ; and
these to us as yet, are inaccessible. Huy can only be
reached by railroads; and to build these the Slate
must assist. If she denies all assistance, th'.
State of Tennessee perpetrates suicide; for she
plunges a dagger to her heart. East Tennes
see has ten times the mineral resources of Middle and
Western Tennessee together; and Gut develope them
and bring them into incrkcr, and never again will
she bo taunted with her lamentable poverty —with
her inability to pay taxez. etpvjl in amount to d,v»t of
any two counties of Mi>i He Tennessee. Like an un
chained Hercules, she will stride forth from her
mountain-bound barriers, and will more than rival
the other two divisions in commerce and manufac
tures. N - B -
From the Albany Evening Journal.
Passports to Colored Persons.
The outcry which has been raised by the re
fusal to grant Passports to colored persons,
only shows how uninformed on the subject are
those who hope to make political capital by
the agitation of the slavery question, in a new
form. A statement of the exact question and
the condition of the law respecting it, will
show how futile are lhe censures of Mr. Clay
ton and his predecessors.
A colored person of African descent is sup
posed to apply to :he Secretary of State for a
passport to enable him to travel in some foreign
country. What is called a passport, contains
a certificate that the person to whom it is given
is a citizen of the United States. Such acer
tificate, it appears, has never been intentional
ly granted to a person of color; and the inqui
ry is naturally made, why not? The answer
is, that it is yet an unsettled question in our
judicial tribunals whether a person of color of
African descent is or can be a citizen of lhe
United States within the meaning of the Con
stitution.
Our naturalization laws permit only 11 free
while persons” to become naturalized as citi
zens. Chancellor Kent, 2, Comm 72, says:
“ I presume this excludes the inhabitants of
Africa and their deucentants.” He adds: “ It
is the declared la»vs of New York and South
Carolina that Indians are not citizens, but dis
tinct tribes living under the protection of the
governuient, and consequently they never can
be made citizens under the act of Congress.”
The only remaining mode by which colored
persons can become citizens, is by birth in lhe
country. While birth creates allegiance, and
renders the person a subject, it does not make
him a citizen. Foreigners transiently in the
country, owe allegiance, and are temporary
subjects, but not citizens. Slaves can not be
citizens, although they are subjects; their con
dition is incompatible with citizenship. But
the ancestors of all colored persons of African
descent in this country, are supposed to have
been slaves. They therefore could not be cit
izens; and of course could not transmit citi
zenship to their descendants, although born
free. The fact of being born free does not of
itself confer citizenship, as already remarked.
The difficulty then, is, to ascertain by what pro
cess a free descendant of a slave can become a
citizen ?
Dagget, Chief Justice of Connecticut, in the
case of Brandall vs. the State, reported in 5
Conn. Rep. second series, p. 340, decided that
slaves, free blacks aud Indians, were not cili
zens within the meaning of that term as used
in the Constitution of the United Stales. Chan
cellor, Kent, in a note to his 32J section, vol. 2,
p. 258, inclines to tlie opinion that free blacks
are citizens. He however points out lhe dif
ference between citizens and subjects, and
shows that a right to vote is not essential to cit
izenship, as in the case of women and minors.
Un the other hand, the right to vote given by
a State does not constitute lhe person a citizen
nl the t.wud States—dlherwtse the constiluf
lional provision which confined the power of
passing uniform laws of naturalization to Con
gress wonld bo nugatory. For the same rea
son, State laws, conferring the right to hold,
sell and transmit by descent, real estate, can
not confer citizenship. It is well known that
in all the States these rights are given by law
to acknowledged aliens, and in some States the
right to vote has been conceded to the same
class of persons. It is known that in a large
number of the States, the law is held to be as
decided by Chief Justice Daggett. No decis
ion, however, directly on the point, has been
made by the Supreme Court of the United
States.
It is obvious that the case presents a judicial
question of the highest moment to the whole
country; involving principles and interests of
vast importance, affecting perhaps our peace
and union. Able and enlightened jurists and
statesmen entertain grave doubts upon it, and
the weight of authority seems to preponderate
against lhe citizenship of a person of color.
It is not my purpose to maintain the grounds
of that view. A’l 1 propose is. to show lhe
difficulty and magnitude of the subject, and the
proper and judicious manner in which Mr.
Clayton has dealt with it. Being in its nature
a judicial question, it would have been the
height of presumption in the Secretary of
State to depart from lhe cautions course of all
his predecessors, including John Quincy Ad
ams, and undertake its decision in anticipation
of the Supreme Court. If he is bound to
grant a certificate of citizenship to a free per
son of color, it may be compelled by a Court
of competent jurisdiction; so that the appli
cant has an ample remedy. But if nil the pre
cedents of lhe government for sixty years had
been set aside, and the certificates granted,
there is no mode known to our laws by which
the legality of the act could be tested.
The propriety of Mr. Clayton’s course, will
be further exhibited by considering the nature
of lhe instrument he was required to give. It
seems there are two instruments given to per
sons going abroad, one called a passport, con
taining a certificate of citizenship, and another
called a protection, which does not contain such
a certificate, but demands for the bearer, that
he may pass freely and quietly, as a subject
owing allegiance to this country. The latter
has always been granted to free persons of
color; lhe former never has, intentionally. It
is difficult to perceive the practical difference in
the two. Emanating, as lhe Protection does,
from the highest authority and under the seal
of the Department, disrespect to it would be
as much cause of offence to the Nation as to a
Passport. And it may be, that lhe one has been
pertinaciously claimed for the very purpose of
agitation,—when the other would have answer
ed every useful purpose.
The whole subject of passports is in our
country a matter of mere discretion, and is
neither directed nor regulated by law. The
Supreme Court of the United Slates, in J. Pe
ters, 692-698, decided that it furnished no legal
evidence of the fact of citizenship. And Judge
Thompson characterised it as ‘ only a request
that lhe bearer of it may pass freely and quiet
iy.” It has no force in a foreign country with
out arisa endorsed upon it by lhe proper offi
cer of the country, aud that endorsement gives
the character of a license to travel there. We
require none iu this country; and our officers
can give no license to travel in foreign coun
tries.
The only laws ever recognizing the existence
of passports, are the following : the act of 1803,
concerning Consuls, (vol. 2 Bioven's laws U.
9 p 628.) which imposes a fine not exceeding
SI,OOO upon any Consul or Vice-Consul, or
Commercial Agent, who shall grant a passport
or other paper certifying to the citizenship of
an alien knowing him to be such. Another
law ot 1790 (vol. 2 laws U. S. p. 98) provides
a punishment for violating any passport or
safe conduct, duly obtained and issued under
the authority of the United Slates. This obvi
ously refers to military passports and sale con
ducts. Such, indeed, are strictly the only
passports known n the law of nations. See
Wheaton's Elements of International Law. p
446. The modern passports are in fact mere
police regulations.
It is evident, therefore, that the whole prac
tice of issuing pas ports by the Secretary of
State, is one of mere usage, and governed by
tlie rules of usage, from which he has no right
to depart. S.
A New Importation.—Dr. Davis of South
Carolina, who has been spending several years
in an attempt io teach the people of Turkey
the secret of cultivating cotton, has returned
to this country. We learn from the Charles
on Mercury, that he has brought with him sev
eral Cashmere Goats. Thibet Shawl Coats.
Brahmin Cattle, Angora Cats. &c. loge her
with many rare seeds, supposed to be adapted
to this climate. The Angora Cats are famous
for their fine wool, which is used in the rarest
and richest manufactures. The waler Oxen
are valuable in swampy and wet lands. They
are thus named, because in hot weather they
••lay all day in water, with their noses only
above the surface.” They do not require su
perior pasturage, like the improved breeds of
English Cattle, and are therefore supposed to
be better adapted to lhe South.
Crops.—We have had an unusual fall of rain
for the past few days, which has doubtless done
much injnry to the cotton and rica crops. Cot
ton has reached that point in its growth where
great damage may be done by continnal heavy
rains. Those of our planters who commenced
harvesting their rice in the early part of last
week, under such favorab’e circumstances,
will probably sustain considerable lots, especi
ally if the rains continue.—Saraa nah Rep. 28xA
ms:.
3lugtt9ta, Oeo.:
FRIDAY MORNING, AUG. 31, 1849.
i Can a Colored Person become a Citizen
ofthe United States 1
The refusal of Mr. Clayton, Secretary of
State, to grant a passport to one Hambledon, a
free colored man of Penn.’ ylvania, who is about
to go abroad, has very naturally excited the
hot censure of the Opposition, from the Wash
ington Union and Pennsylvanian, down to the
feeblest echo of freesoilism in the country. —
These attacks have induced several learned
dissertations on the nature of citizenship under
the Federal Constitution and existing laws of
Congress. It appears exceedingly questiona
ble whether persons of color though free and in
the United States; can become citizens without
farther legislation ou the subject. The form of
a passport is in these wurda.:
“ United States of America: To all to whom
these presents shall come, greeting: I, the undei
dermgned, Secretary of State of the United States of
America, hereby request all whom it may concern to
permit safely and freely to pave A. 8., a citizen of
the United States, and, in case of need, to give him
all lawful aid and protection. Given under my hand
and the impression of the seal ofthe Department of
State, at the city ol Washington, the day ‘of
United States. ”
During the whole of his administration, Mr.
Van Buren refused persons of color these pass
ports, as the following correspondence shows,
which we find in the Intelligencer:
Sir : Mr. R. ha? rw, , ’evteu me to obtain
for him from lhe Department of State a passport for
England, etc. Mr. Douglass is a citizen ofthe State
of Pennsylvania, of highly respective parents—him
self a man of worth and respectability—and a man of
color. He visits England, at the suggestion of some
of the artists of this city, to improve himself in his
profession, which is portrait painting. May I ask
lhe favor of you to cause to be sent ta me the passport
required, as soon as is consistent with the conveni
ence of the Department. I am, sir, very respectful
ly, yours, Richard Vaux.
Philadelphia, July 13, 1839.
Department of State, )
Washington, July 16, 1839. $
Sir: In answer to your letter ofthe 13th instant,
requesting a passport for R. Douglass, I have to in
form you that the practice of the Department will not
justify a compliance with your request. I am, sir,
respectfully, your ob’t sv’t, John Forsyth.
Richard Vaux, Esq } Philadelphia,
To the Secretary of State— Sir; Your note rftbe
16th I have just had lhe honor to receive. The in
formation it contains as to “ the practice of the De
partment ” in such cases much surprises me, as I
know of a. similar application having been complied
with since you have been at the head of the Stale
office.
I beg to know if, upon the ground that “ the prac
tice of the Department will not justify’, ” you refuse
to grant a passport for R. Douglass, Jr., a free citi
zen of the Stale of Pennsylvania ?
You will pardon my trespassing on your att jntion
again, but 1 desire to vindicate mypeif from the sus
picion of having made an ill- considered application, or
one novel in its character. I am, sir, very respect
fully, yours, Richard Vaux.
Philadelphia, July 22, 1839.
Department of State, >
Washington, July 24, 1839. $
Sih : Your letter of the 22d inst. has been received.
In lhe absence of the Secretary, I can state, in an
swer, that lhe reason assigned in his letter to you of
lhe 16th for not complying with your request is that
which now regulates the action’of the Department
upon all similar applications. I am, sir, respectfully,
your ob’nt servant, A. Vail, Acting Sec’y.
Richard Vaux, Esq., Philadelphia.
The reader will find an interesting article on
this subject in another column, written by one
of lhe ablest lawyers in the State of New York,
which we find in the Albany Evening Journal.
New York Agricultural Fair*
The annual Fair of the N. Y. Agricultural
Society, will be held at Syracuse on the 11th,
12th, and 13th September. Prof. Johnson of
Durham University, England, will deliver the
address on the 13th. and lhe Potnological Con
vention will meet on the 14th.; the President
and Vice President are expected to be present.
Great preparationshavebeenmade to render
this rural Festival the most imposing ever wit
nessed in America.
At the late meeting of the Royal Agricultural
Society of England, seven hundred and twen
ty-four superior domestic animals were exhibit
ed, and fifteen hundred agricultural imple
ments. The Earl of Oxford made a long
ffperch. All subjects; said, were admitted
but parly politics, and the whole world were in
vited to the peaceful competition. Agricultu
rists, he said, had thrown to the winds the idea
that improvements in agricultural machinery
would diminish the amount of labor. It had
been satisfactorily proved that lhe aid of machi
nery resulted in an immense increase in the de
mand for human labor instead of diminishing
it, and that their combined efforts multiplied in
an amazing degree the products of the land
This antiquated notion was fast disappearing
in Germany, in France, in Belgium, and even
in Russia, for the agriculturists of those coun
tries, were constantly sending here for our new
implements and inquiring after our improved
inodes of culture; and therefore if we did not
by such societies as this foster and direct the
spirit of improvement and competition, we
i-honld soon be left behind by other nations.
After this clever speech was over, Mr. Wode
house proposed “agriculture, commerce and
manufactures,” and went on in a humorous
speech i’i praise of them until his party zeal
led him to mention in a disparaging way the
name of Sir R. Peel, when the nolitical pas
sions ol the members were al once aroused. —
The protectionists groaned and hissed—the
free traders cheered and applauded—the
speaker was perplexed and mortified—and
three English gentlemen farmers came near a
row. The chairman at length got order and
told the speaker to stick to his toast and not tra
vel out of the record, when Mr. Wodehouse
made a few remarks and sat down.
Something akin to this transpired at the
Fair in Buffalo last season occasioned by the
ungentleinanly attack of a Mr. Dickinson.
(not the U, S. Senator) on the Address of Pro
fessor Norton of Yale College. Overheated
politicians are ever seeking to make political
capital at wrong timesand places.
In the death of Maj. Kirby of the United
Stales army, the New York Society has lost
one of its earliest and most efficient friends,
and Jefferson county, one of its largest and
best farmers.
The Paris correspondent of the Albany Ar
gus says that the advocates of monarchy, and
of the empire are getting bold and clamorous
for a change of the constitution. They insist
that the question of republic or monarchy shall
be submitted to the people, confident that the
peasantry would decide for the latter. It is
lucky that the friends of the three fallen dynas
ties are at issue among themselves, and that
each prefers the continuance of the republic to
seeing a rival family occupy the throne.
The time has gone by when the people of
France will voluntarily elect a king or an em
peror.
Democratic Nominations for Chatham. —
The Democratic Convention nominated Thom
as Purse for the Senate, and John W. Anderson
and George P. Harrison for the House of Re
presentatives.
We find, in the Journal of Commerce, the
following statement, showing the quantity of
breadstuff's exported from the United States to
Great Britain and Ireland, daring each of the
past three years, ending Ist September. Al
though the present is not quite terminated, the
figures will not be materially changed :
Years, bbls flour, do com meat, bu wheat. do corn
j 816-7-3.150,689 847,280 4,015,134 17,296,744
1847- 183.533 105.350 251,350 4.581.367
1848- 80,742 1,128,766 12,466,513
A Washington letter to the N. Y. Tribune
says the departure of Mr. Lawrence for Eng
land “has been hastened by negotiations of our
present Minister, which were not in accord
ance with the views entertained by the present
Administration of our true policy to be main
tained at that Court.” It further says—
“ No instructions of a certain character to
our Minister in London are on file at the State
Department, authorizing him to act as he has
in measures of great importance to the manu
facturing and commercial community of this
country.
The inference is that secret instructions
over the autozraph of the late President,
were his authority, which instructions, as 1
have said, have not been placed on file.—
I may remark here that this was a favorite and
practiced finesse on the part of the late Presi
dent. It is the impression that the same system
of secret communication and instructions was
practiced by the late President with Mr. Mc-
Lane, on the Oregon question.
A large camp meeting m being held at
Shrewsbury, York county, Pa. There are 200
tents on the groud, and 51 sleeping tents—most
of them occupied by persons from Baltimore.
The assemblage on Sunday numbered from
six to eight thousand, of whom one fourth
were from Baltimore.
©ur picture ©ulleru.—No. 23.
— Q
Embracing Portraits of Distinguished Authors, Statesmen, Gene
rals, and others, with “Portraits ofthe People,’’&c.
—— O'
- ■
wi 1 /
a/? II A|V',
- ~n LI Ulilllllim ?
TIM LINKS, THE SHOWMAN.
DESULTORY SKETCH OF CHARACTER.
“ What though a man be obligated to dance a bear, a man may be a gentleman for all that.” — She
Stoops to Conquer.
We first knew Tim Links as a gentleman in
velvet smalls, who used to lead calico horses
into the ring at a travelling circus, and, in con
nexion with another gentleman in velvet smalls,
adjust the spring-board and carry out the ever
green tree that grew oranges for the consump
tion of the ‘ Sprites of the Silver Shower ’ He
never aspired to the dignity of span les, and
his smalls, Iron? constant contact with the ring
became of such an inveterate tan color, that
when he stood in the arena in a dim light, he
looked like a Herculean torso from the ruins
of Pompeii. We next hear of him as second
camel puncher in a Grand Caravan, /And so
Links rose, step by step, until he became pos
sessor of a cheap flamingo and a plethoric por
cupine, when he seceded from the Caravan,
and set up a ‘side show,* travelling with the
Menagerie as an independent satellite, and di
verting a good many coppers from the legiti
mate establishment. The ‘ Grand Junction
United Zoological Institute 7 finally bought him
out, and he set up a shingle in Broadway, some
sixteen years ago, with a small assortment of
animals, which he exhibited at a shilling a head
admission. I remember the original flamingo
—with very few of the original feathers left—
used to stand on one leg in an area outside the
show, as a forlorn hope to entice the unwary
within doors. Links used to stand a good part
of his time at the door, to solicit custom as well
as to parry the satirical sallies which the ‘ b’hoys’
were wont to direct against his favorite bird.
“ Bless my eye-ballsa juvenile critic would
exclaim, “that ’ere a flamingo! Why, he
hain’t got but one leg, and he’s as bare as a
picked crow.”
“Gentlemen!” Links would say, “he’s a
moultin’(he was always a moulting, according
to Links), and he'll come out week after next
as red as a pan tile. You blasted fool! (ad
dressing the bird with a venomous punch) let
down your t’other leg ! Don’t you see ’em
pokiug fun at yer! There, gentlemen! that
’ere’s the original St. Domingo of South Am
nieriky, which feeds on cochineal in his native
state, and owes his color to the prevalence of
red pepper in Cayenne—drinks nothing but
port wine, and is partial to lady-bugs. Walk
in, gentlemen, and see the collection—bears,
ligers, kangaroos and porkepines, which beats
the Zoological Gardens all holler, and can’t
be come over by the Gardens des Plantys in
Par ee !'*
This appeal used to draw down torrents of
applause and laughter, when Links would dis
appear through a green baize door, and his exit
would be followed by a growl from an invisible
bear end ‘Buy a Browin’ from a han ’ or,-;an,
with the middle bars left out.
Tim Links was not a man of exemplary
habits. There was a certain plebeian bar room
in a by-sireet, hard by his ‘lnstitute,’ where he
was wont to sit from 11, p. m., into the small
hours of the morning, imbibing strong waters,
and growling over his cups like an unhappy
bear, whose disposition, when not perfectly so
be 1 ', and imperfectly drunk, seemed to be his
own. One night, the landlord, incensed at the
row he made, reproached him with the severi
ty of the • turkey’ he had ‘ on,’ and shoved him
out of doors sans ceremonie
“Il’s a turkey I’ve got on,” hiccuped Tim
Links, as he noticed a singular disposition on
lhe part of the pave to rise up and impede his
progress—“ to morrow night, old fellow, it’ll
be another sort of bird.”
And sure enough, as the clock strucktwclve
on the ensuing night, 'Pirn walked into the bar
loom w.th a bald eagle perched upon his
shoulders. Marching up to lhe bar, he order
ed a double tumbler of whisky punch. Now,
though the ‘ bird of our banner’ was very fond
of Tim, he was not partial to strangers; and
when lhe old Dutch landlord was handing his
glass to Tim, the eagle, poising himself upon
one claw, thrust forth the other in ravenous
guise,and inflicted a severe scratch on lhe pate
of mine host.
“ Donder and blixen roared Mein Herr.
“ Take the taint pird away, Tim ! Ter tuyfel!
how inein head shmarts!”
“ Like him better than a turkey ?” asked Tim,
with a fiendish grin.
The bar-room loafers rose in atTright, as the
savage bird, spreading his pinions, circled over
their heads, uttering his shrill shrieks, menac
ing each individual in the assembly, and not
ceasing his gyrations until he had driven them
all forth into the street.
With a malignant smile of satisfaction, Tim
resumed his bird, and went home as sober as a
church.
The next night, punctual to the chime of
twelve. Tim made his appearance in full Zoolo
gical costume. He wore his eagle as before
Bad Financiering.—The deficit for 1849 in
the receiptsof the French government is £21,-
000,000; or over one hundred millions of dol
lars. The whole expenses are estimated at
one billion five hundred and ninety millions of I
francs.
Professional —The Boston Atlas says that
the Van Buren State Convention was favored
by the attendance of twelve doctors and fifteen
lawyers as delegates from that city. Reason.
These gentlemen had time to attend.
Fatal Casualty.—The following endorse
ment was made on the Post-bill from Thomas
ton, Upson county, of the 28th instant:
“ Mr. H. Platt, collecting agent, was killed this
afternoon by lhe fall of a tree, about six miles from
this place, oa his way to Talbotton.”
Mr. P. was associated with Mr. Israel
James, of Philadelphia, as a general newspa
per agent, and was extensively known. Our
acquaintance with him induced the impression
that he was a worthy, persevering and estima
ble man.
Cotton Worm. —We are sorry to learn that
the worm has commenced its ravages in the
cotton fields near the vicinity of Natchez. The
following is from a letter addressed to Messrs.
Stanton Buckner, of this city:
Nafc/wx AugusZ 22, 1949.—1 send you by the
steamboat Natchez two small bottles containing spe
cimens of the real cotton worm. They have just com
menced devouring the cotton on several plantations in
this neighborhood. This batch came from Samuel
Damse's plantation, opposite Natchez. Will you
please to have this published, and it may have a good
effect. Your friend, A. L. Wilson.
We have inspected the bottle, and found the
worms in great activity.— Picayune 23 sh inst.
The Railroad to Augusta—We are .
pleased to lay before our readers the gratify- i
in® intelligence, that there is now almost acer- .
lain prospect that the necessary funds will be j
raised for the construction of a Railroad from
Macon to some point on the Georgia road.— I
The people of Putnam are doing their duty
most nobly. Nearly $100,900 of the Stock. I
has already been taken in that county, and it is :
confidently anticipated by our friends there j
that thev will be enabled to secure the fulia i
mount pledged in the late Convention.
We have before us a letter, from a wealthy
and influential member of the Cartright Com
pany. suggesting that the road diverge to the
East from Eatonton, that it be carried thence
across the river at Long Shoals, and connect
with the Georgia Road, at or near Greensboro.
This route he says will require the construc
tion of only about five miles more of road, th in
the route at present contemplated, ami that it
will shorten the distance to Augusta, fully that •
much. If this suggestion be adopted it will j
carry the road by one of the best water pow ;
ers in Georgia, where a large Manufacturing »
interest, will immediately spring up As an J
inducement to adopt this route, the letter
states that the Curtright Company will take:
Stock to the amen nt of SIOO,OOO.
There is also before the commissioners a i
proposition from Messrs J. D. Gray & Co ,of
this city to lake the contract for constructing
the entire road at cash prices—to take one half |
the cost of grading, and one fourth the cost of
superstructure and bridging in stock. This is
not intended, of course, to interfere with other
persons who may desire to take stock payable
in work. Mr. Gray’s proposition is equal to
a subscription of $125,000.
Oar friends in Augusta feel confident that
round his neck he had twisted a couple of tor
pid boas, and by a short chain he led a very
savage and congenial bear. The crowd reced
ed before his weighty steps; the Dutchman
was horror-stricken as he beheld his uncom
fortable customer seat himself at one side of a
table covered with sprigged oil cloth, while the
bear very quietly look an arm-chair at the other,
and disclosed a double row of sharp serrated
teeth, as he smiled upon lhe unfortunate land
lord with an unwonted effort at benignity.
“ Milk punch for two !” said Tim, sternly,
with a wave of his ‘ red right hand.’
“ Tirectly, sir,” answered the quivering land
lord, in the meekest tone imaginable.
“ Make’em strong,” said Tim—“no nutmeg
for the bear—and harkye, a plate of crackers
for the bird.”
The perspiration poured down the poor land
lord’s face, as he laboured in the composition
of the bibables.
“And now, mein tear Mr. Links,” said he,
in a supplicating tone of voice, “you villcome
and getle trinks yourself!”
“Not I, you cub!” thundered the showman.
“Fetch them yourself, or I’ll set the bird on
you!’
'fhe poor Dutchman, in mortal terror, trem
bled for his life. He was regularly cornered
now. But fright, like hunger, sharpens wit,
so he set the tumblers on a long-handled fire
shovel, and extending his arm in the fashion of
a fencer making a lunge, he contrived to de
posit the punch safely before the precious cou
ple. Links smiled grimly, and nodded to the
bear, as he raised his glass to his lips. The
bear capsized the tumbler with his snout and
then lapped up the liquor, stopping now and
then to lick his lipsand cock bis red eye at his
master, as if in token of his perfect approba
tion. As soon as he had finished, he looked at
lhe landlord, who was contemplating lhe
strange scene with open eyes and mouth, and
uttered a fierce growl.
“ More punch! don’t you hear him t” roar
ed lhe showman.
The order was instantly obeyed, Bruin
made away with lhe second glass as speedily as
he mastered the first. He drank a third in the
like manner—but refused a fourth. In fact, he
had got enough; he fairly hiccuped—swayed
in his chair—rocked his head from side to side
with maudlin gravity, and snorted.
“To tamt trunken peast!” ejaculated the
Dutchman.
It seemed as if the bear heard him ; for, with
an angry growl, he started from his seat and
made for the affrighted landlord. It was in vain
■ iought the shelter of the b
Over it and him, the animal rolled, roaring and
snarling, smashing glasses and decanters, and
making a general average of the poor Dutch
man’s stock in trade.
“ Take him off! take him off! ” roared Myn
heer. “Mine tear Mr. Links. Tink of my
poor vise and hopeless little vons! 11l forgive
your debt—yes grashus ! I won’t sharge for
mein crockery! Murder! murder!” And
here his voice became suddenly extinct—he
was paralyzed with terror —lying on his back
behind the bar with his handsand feet lifted up,
like the legs of a whipped poodle begging for
mercy, 'firn Links surveyed lhe picture with
a grim smile.
“ That ’ere does me good,” said he ; “ it’s a
practikle proof of a theory of mine when I fust
went inter lhe St. Domingo sptkklealion,’bout
the superiority of anniinle over human natur.
That ’ere poor drivellin’ creetur ain’t of no ac
count ’long side of a bar- Well—well—lhe
crittur brung it onto himself! —heaving a tur
key into my teeth! Come here, Ben!’
The bear reluctantly obeyed—for he was
partial to fat Dutchmen—and staggering up to
his master, permitted him to take his chain.
Tim, who was none of the soberest, tied his
bear into a hard knot to avoid losing him, gath
ered up his eagle, pocketed a couple of vipers
who were crawling out of his sleeve, and made
tracks for lhe ‘ Institute.’ The next day, lhe
unfortunate Dutchman sold out, and set up his
shingle anew upon Harlem road. His hair,
which was once as black as jet, in one night
turned as while as snow ; and whenever his
friends commented on the circumstance, he
used to recount his unhappy experience, and
told how “ Dattarnt Tim Links—te scamp—
mi? his puzzard and his snakes, and his tamt
trunken pear, frightened him all over so pad
ash never was, and scarl all de pluck h:iir off*
his head into white, yust like old Santa Claus
upon te sign poard and from that lime for
ward he never ventured to declare as hereto
fore, that “ Goot entertainment for man and
peast might be found milin de premishes.”
F A. D.
they will be enabled to raise at least $1 00.000.
The citizens of Jones county, are pledged to
raise $500,000, and we understand will re
deem tneir promise These sums together
with the private subscriptions in Macon, we
I think, will be amply sufficient to complete the
I work. The friends of the enterprise, are re
minded that the adjourned convention is to
be held at Augusta, on the 4th Wednesday of
September next. As the time is short, it will
not do forthem to relax their efforts. What
ever is to be done, will be done quickly, as the
present charter expires on the first day of No
vember next,unless the work is commenced be
fore that date.— Jour. \ Mess.
The Burke County Railroad.—We are
happy to learn, that there is now every proba
bility, thatthe necessary funds for the con
struction of the above road, are likely to be
raised without delay. The city corporation of
Savannah, has subscribed $200,000, and the
citizens will probably raise $150,000 by private
subscriptions. The Board of Directors of the
Georgia Company, have recommended their
stockholders to subscrioe SIOO,OOO. This
makes $450,000. The road and equipments,
will probably cost $525,000. This leaves
only $75,000 to be raised by the people of
Burke. A Railroad Convention for this pur
pose is to be held at Waynesboro, on the first
Tuesday of September, and we have no
doubt that the deficit will be promptly made
up by the liberal and wealthy citizens of that
county. — Jour. Sc Mess.
Brig Samuel Potter Burnt.—On the 20th
inst the brig Samuel Potter, owned principal
ly by Messrs. Deßosset & Brown, cleared for
Rio de Janeiro, with a cargo of lumber and
naval stores. Whilst lying at Smithville on
Sunday evening, waiting Tor a wind to go out,
she took fire in the hold, and continued to bu rn
until Monday afternoon, when she sunk.—
Most of the sails, rigging. &c., were saved
Capt. Douglass lost every thing except his
chronometer. It is supposed lhat the fire ori
' ginated by the snontaneous combustion of a
i part of an old sail saturated with oil, which
I was lying in ’he hold. V’esse I and cargo both
insured.— IFUmington (N. C.) Chron., 29th
| inst.
The U. S. Steamer Princeton. — We learn
; from <he Phila ielphia Ledger that a survey has re
• cently been held upon the hull of this favorite steam
i ship,’he result of which was that her timbers hive
I been found to he so materially damaged by the dry
| rot, that re-building will be necessary, at an expense
of about 558,0G0. The Princeton is now at Boston,
and the re-tuil<iing, if determined uf»on, will proba
bly take place there. The heat of the boilers is sup
posed to have caused the dry rot in her timbers.
Col. Benton’s Instructions.—At an un
usually large meeting of the citizens of Clinton
county, Mo , without respect to party, the fol
lowing among other resolutions were passed :
Reso f red t That so unanimous do we believe our
' of all parties, to be upon this subject,
| that we, in no respect, hesitate to announce to Col.
| Benton the opinion of this meeting, lhat there ire not
J fifty men in Clia'on county who deem that he has
: any honorable alternative remaining to him but to
! obey the instructions of the Legislature, or to resign
I his seat in the Senate oj the United States.
Lithographic Stone.—Dr. Henry McKen*
j zie, of Talladega, has entered a tract of land
situated on the hanks of the Coosa River, in
Talladega county, which contains a bed of the
very best Lithographic stone. This, we be
j lieve, is the only bed of stone of this descrip
tion known in the United States, and it is said
to be equal to the best German stone, hitherto
imported by the Lithographists of thia country,
t —Tuscaloosa. Ala., Observer.
VoL.LXIJI—NEW SERIES VOL.XIII—NO. 36.
CAugnsta, <&a.
SATURDAY MORNING, SEPT. 1,1849.
American Schools Abroad*
Jerrold, in his London Weekly Review, has
a very complimentary notice of the last educa
tional report of Horace Mann. The subjoin
ed extract will be read with interest:
The Americans are running a rapid race with us—
a race in which we shall assuredly be vanquished,
ifthe public mind in this country be not awakened in
due time to the paramount importance of the educa
tion of lhe people. Although much has been done —
although large sums have been collected in England
by the various religious bodies, for schools in connec
tion with their churches and chapels—although great
numbers of school-houses have been built —and al
though multitudes of children attend Sunday schools
to learn lhe catechism—yet, notwithstanding all this
liberality—all this zeal—all this sectarian rivalry—
still larger multitudes receive no education whatever.
I? is a fact, which is a disgrace to tie, as a nation,
that a larger number of the children of lhe poor grow
up in absolute barbarism in England than in any other
Christian country on the face of the globe. Not that
there is any deficiency of zeal, or niggardness on the
part of the public io contribute the necessary sands,
but simply because no agency short of a national sys
tem (such as that of Prussia, or, belter still, that of
Saxony,) can cupe with the evil in its whole magni
tude. It is indeed time that either emulation ur fear
should spur us on as a nation to undertake the task.
With the mighty questions that have yet to be settled
in England, it will fare bard with the next generation
if the increasing myriads of the poor be not better in
structed than the poor of the generation now living.
The Americans are wiser than we are in this re
spect. They do not fear that popular education will
treed popular discontent, or that religion will suffer
from the increa.se of secular knowledge. They look
ujMin an educated man as better and more valuable
than an ignorant man —not merely v: his moral and re-
but in his capacity as a worker and
wealth-producer. They know that the education of
the people will not make the rich poor, but that it will
make the poor richer. It will not lead to a re-distri
bution of existing wealth, but to a vast increase in the
whole wealth of the community.
No moral or intellectual feature in English
society is so remarkable discreditable, as
the omission to establish and maintain a system
of common schools which give to every child
in the united kingdom the advantages of a good
education. Disgraceful sectarianism, supreme
selfishness and narrow-minded avarice are just
ly chargeable with this deplorable wrong to the
suffering millions. The blind worshippers of
mammon, of extended conquests and domin
ion, are ever overreaching themselves. One
eighth of the population ofthe British Islands
are public paupers; and the poor rates for
1849 will not be less than than nine millions of
pounds, or forty-five millions of dollars. See
Blackwood for July.
The prevention of poverty and of crime is
the one thing needful in England, and in all
other nations. As a preventive of these evils,
the wise development of the moral perceptions
and reasoning faculties of the masses, is inval
uable. Pauperism like consumption, must be
prevented; it cannot be cured. The rapid in
crease of poor families in the old planting
States bodes no good to their most cherished
institution. By foolishly neglecting to educate
the children belonging to these families, Soci
ety is nourishing the germs of asocial antago
nism whose fruit may be revolution in the next
generation. Popular sovereignty and popular
ignorance when combined, place the right of
property, and especially properly in man, in
imminent peril. Popular sovereignty is a fix
ed fact among us and cannot be abated one jot
or tittle. What remains? Clearly, nothing
but the prompt removal of popular ignorance
from the sovereign power, which must and will
rule the State and Union. As a restraining,
conservative element, Georgia should possess
an efficient Common School System. This
she has not. We insist that the lime has ar
rived, when common prudence dictates the re
moval of this defect in her laws and government.
We happen to know and think it not amiss
to mention the fact, that if Judge Hill be elec
ted Governor, the cause of common schools
will have in the Executive of the State, a sin
cere and devoted friend. The educational ad
vantages so kindly, so successfully extended to
Messrs. Hill, Stephens, and many others
that might be named, should be placed within
the reach of every son and daughter of this
noble Commonwealth. Her children are her
jewels, which need but little cutting and polish
ing to make for her brow, a crown of surpass
ing beauty and glory.
Imprisonment Tor Debt.
The Constitutionalist of yesterday contains
a short and sensible communication in favor of
abolishing all imprisonment for debt in this
State. The subject is one of much importance.
In the most populous and commercial Stale in
the Union, all laws which treat indebtedness as
a crime have been for several years expunged
from its statutes, to the entire satisfaction of the
businessmen of the Commonwealth. Recent
ly, Virginia has followed the example of New
York ; and we trust that Georgia will not long
delay the adoption of a system which has ope
rated so satisfactorily wherever it has been
tried.
Prudence dictates that fraudulent debtors be
punished with all due severity and promptness;
but mts/briune should never be treated as a
crime. The law for punishing persons who
obtain goods or other property under false pre
tences in the State of New York, is summary
in its action on delinquents, and well calcula
ted to prevent a repetition of the offence. The
fraudulent disposal of property to avoid the
payment of debt is also guarded against with
care.
Having done all that can reasonably be ex
pected to prevent wrong, and to punish dis
honesty, the law in effect admonishes all citi
zens not to part with their property on a cred
it, unless they are satisfied that it will be paid
for without the legal right to incarcerate the
person of the debtor, in case of his failure.—
This slight modification of ihe credit system
operates most salutary on public morals,
restrains in some degree the extension of credit
where no credit should not be given. It places
the debtor more upon his honor, for his repu
tation in a business community will be lost, if
he can pay but will not. Sound policy de
mands that additional checks on over trading,
(which in the end, is alike injurious both to
creditor and debtor.) should be brought to bear
on those who are inclined to indulge to excess,
this purely artificial passion. Whilst over-tra
ding enriches one member of a community it
impoverishes ten. Hence the wisdom of frame
ing laws with a view to discourage an abuse
of the credit system, without impairing its vigor
up to the point at which the best interests of
society are promoted by its prevalence.
The Southern Cultivator.
The September Number of this work, with
its usual varied contents, almost entirely ori
ginal, will be issued this morning. All the
back numbers of the current volume can still
be obtained at the subscription price—One
Dollar a year.
For the Chronicle Sentinel.
Mr. Editor :— I give you the following facts
relative to the meteorology of the month of
August. It has been the hottest we have had
for the past five years. We have not enjoyed
the usual cool spell generally observed during
this month. At no time has the thermometer
been below 70°—indeed, at only three periods
was it as low as this. It has averaged abou 1
73° at sunrise, and near 80° at 4, P. M. The
18th was the warmest day—thermometer 96°
The quantity of rain was but little: only 2
inches 15-100. Last month (July) we had 13
inches 75-100—the greatest fall, for one month,
I have ever measured.
For August, there were 11 fair days. Wind
East of North and South 12 days—West of
North and South 13 days
Health of the city remarkably good.
P. F. E.
Rain —We are indebted to a friend for the
annexed table showing the quantity of rain that
fell in .May, June and July :
It rained 6 days iu May, 7.200 inches
“ 4 “ June, 1.285 “
“ 17 “ July, 11.285 "
Savannah Republican.
Columbia Cotton Trade—The South Ca
rolinian of Thursday says: As the year ha
closed, we now give the annual statement ol
the receipts and shipments of cotton from Co
lumbia for that period:
Stock on hand Aog. 31, 1819-bales** 10,274
Shipped by boats 7,43'5
By Rai1r0ad143,654
Stock on hand Aug. 29, 1°49 5,181
151,092 bales having been shipped, the re
ceipts of the town consequently amount for
the year to 145,999 bales, showing an increase
of 18,197 bales over that of 1844-5, which wa
said to have been the largest known io our
trade. From this it will be seen that Colum
bia is losing none of her importance in point
of trade, while we have reasonable ground ol
hope for a large increase, as our railroad enter
prises furnish facilities for more rapid inter
course.
Editorial Correspondence of the Macon Journal
Messenger.
Tunnel Hill, Walker Co. ?
August 20th, 1849. $
Gentlemen .—One of the most beautiful and
picturesque regions of Georgia, is that imme
diately around the spot whence I now write.
The Western and Atlantic Railroad, about five
miles from Dalton, glides between two project
ing and overhanging mountain peaks, into a
little valley two and a half miles in length, and
perhaps a mile and a quarter in width. This
Valley seems once to have been a Lake of im
mense depth, the waters of which broke over
its barriers at the narrow pass where the road
enters. This supposition is rendered the more
probable from the fact that fossil remains of
fish have been discovered in the Tunnel, atthe
depth of nearly three hundred feet from the
surface, and far above the adjacent valley. As
you pass into the valley by the road, the Chat
toogata Mountain rises on your right to the
height nf from three to four hundred feet—its
perpendicular cliffs of red and while sandstone,
apparently marking the limits to which the wa
ters were formerly restricted. On the left, the
peaks of what is here termed the little Blue
Ridge rise boldly and beautifully towards the
sky in semi circular form. In front is a trans
verse range of mountain, which connects the
two before mentioned, and which is now
known upon the maps as Tunnel Hill. These
mountains form nearly a complete circle or
cove, the only entrance to which is through the
narrow gorge occupied by the Railroad, and
which is known through all this region by lhe
very unpoetical name of the “Buzzard Roost."
Whether this name was given to the valley in
consequence of lhe degraded character of its
former inhabitants, or its proverbial unhealthi
ness, is a question which I have heard debared
with much earnestness by some of the most
know ing. One thing is certain, the vallev it
self has but few charms, and if one half the <c
ports are true which are told of lhe .sickness
which has prevailed there, it may appropriate
ly be termed the “ Valley of Death" and its en
trance a ‘ Buzzard Roost" indeed.
Whatever may be said of the valley, how
ever, it must be conceded that the surrounding
mountain scenery is very beautiful and pic
turesque. Between these mountains, tho road
ascends by a heavy grade until it reaches the
Tunnel, which is now in process of construc
tion, and which is destined to be the only prac
ticable outlet from the Western States, to the
Southern Atlantic ports.
The length of the Tunnel is 1477 feet, its
height 18 feet, its width in the clear, 12 feet.
It is cut in a great measure through solid rock.
The miners have had many difficulties to con
tend with, in consequence of the peculiar for
mation. On the Western side, near the sur
face, they encountered thick layers of blue
limestone, the edges of which projected to
wards the surface. It was consequently almost
impossible either to blast or break them. So
serious were these obstacles, that at one time
it was thought almost practically impossible to
construct lhe Tunnel at all. Owing to the per
severing energy of lhe contractors, Messrs.
John D. Gray & Co., the work was persisted
in. The formation soon changed into one
of solid blue limestone, and the operations
have been slowly, but steadily carried forward
until lhe mountain has been penetrated to the
distance of 418 feet.
On the Eastern side the ground has been
more favorable. The rock encountered for a
time was a species of sandstone, not difficult
to be worked. This side of the mountain has
consequently been penetrated to lhe distance
of 742 feet, leaving only 317 feet to be accom
plished. The average progress of the miners
is now about 100 feet per month. There is a
double force employed, and the “ sound of the
hammer never ceases,” from 12 o’clock on
Monday morning, until 12 o’clock on Saturday
night. Each gang of hands works 12 hours
without stopping, except to eat. Into each end
of (he Tunnel are carried four Railroad tracks,
—two above to carry in the bricks and other
material for arching, and two below to carry
out the earth and rock excavated. The num
ber of hands employed in the Tunnel, Quar
ries, &c. is about 55, and the number of Mules
37. The wages of lhe operatives vary from $ 1
to $5 per day. The operation of mining is
boih difficult and dangerous, and persons pro
ficient in it always command very high wages.
The process is one which, to be fully under
stood, must be seen. This Tunnel was com
menced on the 15th of July, 1848, and will be
ready for the Cars in the month of December
next. It has not only been constructed in less
time than any work of similar character and
extent, has ever been completed in lhe coun
try ; but we venture the prediction that it can
not be surpassed in its massive and substantial
workmanship. The lateral walls are of rock,
six feel thick, at the base and five feet at the
top. The brick arch turned upon these walls
is four feet at lhe base, and three feet over head.
This arch is turned under one of wood of im
mense strength and massiveness, and lhe inter
vening space is carefully filled up with broken
stone, so as to throw mr .-q'mr! preswr' spec
all parts of the work. The whole is laid in the
besl cement, and looks as though it would re
main until the •* ever lasting hills” are shaken,
to their lowest foundations. The approaches
to the Tunnel are carefully protected on both
sides, by massive Masonry, and every thing
about the work is done in a style that reflects in
finite honor upon the contractors. This is
perhaps not the time to speak the whole truth,
in regard to this enterprise; but we will ven
ture so far as to remark, that but for Mr Gray,
it never would have been accomplished, or at
least, not in years to come. It is a work which
required strong practical common sense, and
business capacityqualities not often to be
met with.
We mean no disrespect either to the execu
tive or his subordinates; but only desire to do
simple justice to one whose energy and prac
tical knowledge have contributed so largely
to the success of internal improvements at the
South.
The road is now ready for the cars, to the
very mouth of the Tunnel. The Culvertsand
Bridges are nearly all finished, the superstruc
ture is down to within two or three miles of
Chattanooga, and the iron has been laid some
four or five miles beyond lhe Tunnel. An en
gine and cars will be taken over the Mountain
in a few days, and the entire road, with the ex
ception of the Tunnel, will be completed by the
Ist of November.
Next to the great Agricultural interests of lhe
State, those of Internal Improvement are now
clearly entitled to the consideration and con
cern of the people. The amount of money
which has been expended in the construction
of our Railroads and their acknowledged in
fluence in reducing the rates of transportation,
and enhancing the value of landed properly,
render them legitimate objects of public con
cern, even when owned by private corpora
tions. How much more then, should the peo
ple be interested in lhe progress and manage
ment of a great State work, in which every man
is, to a certain extent, a stockholder? We have
already spokenof the progress of the work, and
of the li/ne of i:s probable completion. We
will not allude further to its management at pre
sent, than to venture the opinion that the whole
system is radically wrong. An interest which
has cost the people of Georgia, four millions of
dollars, ought not to be made a party football.
it will not do to sell it; and yet it must be got
ten, in some way, out of the hands of the poli
ticians of both parties. It is even now an im
portant element in elections, and will become
more and more so annually until it is finally
valueless to lhe Slate. The management of the
work ought to be placed in the hands of a
General Snperintendeniand three Commission
ers—lhe Superintendent, to perform the duties
of President, and the Commissioners to act as
a Board of Directors. The President should
be a man of practical ability, and receive a sala
ry sufficient to command the best talents of the
country. The commissioners should aho be
men of character and experience, elected, say,
for two, four, and six years, subject to removal
by the Governor, sanctioned by the Senate.
This or some similar system, would give per
manence to the administration of the road—
would secure competent men to conduct its
affairs, and would relieve it from those delete
rious mutations of parly, which results in a
periodical change of agents, and consequent
injury to lhe public service.
Tnere are many other reasons for the proposed
reform in the management of this great work,
which I will point out hereafter. No one can
scrutinize closely the present condition of the
work, without feeling that politicians are prone
to look more after voles than after lhe true in
terests of the people. I make this remark in
no spirit of captious opposition either to Gov.
Towns, or the Chief Engineer. I believe they
have done the best they could under lhe circum
stances, barring the well known frailly of hu
man nature. But even they would do much
better, if relieved from those little embarrass
ments which men sometimes feel, when com
pelled. by asense of public justice, to disoblige
and disappoint their friends.
I have no doubt that the State Road, if pro
perly managed will in less than fiveyears, yield
a net income equal to the annual expenditure
from the Treasury at lhe present time. If left
in the hands of politicians, its repairs will be
neglected, and it will finally become a burthen
upon lhe Treasury, and a curse instead of a
blessing to the people.
v ours, tec., * T. c.
Etowah Iron Works, Aug. 23, 1819.
Gentlemen : Having spoken of tile great Ag
ricultural and Internal Improvement interests
of the State. I come now to glance at one of
its noblest manufacturing enterprises A few
years ago it was supposed to be impossible to
manufacture iron on a large scale in Georgia;
and even now, it is rather difficult for many of
our people to realize the fact, that the experi
ment has been successfully made. Such, how
ever, is the case, and no Georgian ought to
think of visiting the up-country without ex
amining the extensive establishments now own
ed bv Messrs. Cooper, Wiley and others.
The Etowah Mills are located on the Etowah
River, a few miles from Cartersville, on the
Western and Atlantic Railroad. They con
sist of two extensive Furnaces, a Rolling M'll,
a Nail Factory, and Machine Shop. The .nail
Factory and Machine Shop are not yet in ope
ration. though Hie building is in process nl con
structioo, and Major Cooper is now at the
North procuring me machinery. Il is expect
ed that it will be on hand and ready for n.e by
he first of January, when they will be enabled
to make from three to four tons <d P e J
day. This branch of the business, it u anuc
paced, will be profitable. p,„ w ,h and
1 The Furnaces, known as the Etowah and
Allatoona, are situated about two mitea irom