Newspaper Page Text
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M rrtfiiliilF
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
JOB PRLVTO'G ESTABMSUHE.VI
Railroad Bank road-St.
° B PRIN TI N G
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AN]
In the Best Style of the Art,
fi.au or raxcg colors, executed at thi
OFFICE —EMBRACING SUCH ASJ
Buiinm Cards, Hand Bills, anysizi
Show Cards, large. Posters, “ “
Ateceipts, Warehouse, Show Bills,
Dra y> &c - Books, Pamphlet*
~ Heads, Blanks of all kinds
Bank Checks, Notes of Hand,
Bonds, Certificates, Labels for Druggists,
«fcc., dZ.Ce, dZ-Ce
Blanks always on hand, or executed to ordei
The Proprietor ot the Chronicle and Sen
tinel] assures his friends and the public that thei
orders for any thing in the Job Printing line wii
be executed in the best manner, and at as low rate:
an y ot her establishment.
** TO PERSONS AT A DISTANCE.
ryN.B
* P. ur fi’ end8 j residing in any part of th<
• 'uatry, requiring Printed Handbills, or any othe
kmdot prin'i ng, can send their orders by mil. Al
wiH be promptly and neatly executed, at the lowes
prises, and forwarded by first opportunity to the des
tjnaijon indicated. We shall be pleased to receivt
lh« orders of our friends. Address
WM. S. JONES, Augusta, Ga.
TO PHYSICIAN*’
«k£ THE SUBSCRIBERS are
pared to furnish their customers wiih
O PURE MEDIGINAL EXTRACTS, pre
pared by a new and scientific process, which will be
found tuboutum the active principle of the plant from
which it is extracted, in a very concentrated form.
Specimens of these Extracts have been tent to vari
ous parts of the United States, and in every instance
have given enure satisfaction. have also on
A.’ (NfcS BRA NtJIF.S, Wr bieftidwa’
fi’ !ected>bv a cnmfwen? Judge
MEDICAL SADDLE BAGS. t h«
and safe artu-U <•**the kind ever offered:
pfgfcr-fWff, Abdominal Supporters, Body Braces,
p“-*gical and Dental Instruments, pure Select Pow
o Genuine Cod Liver Oil, in bottles and capsules,
«aqi m>j u ’«t Blistering Tissue, and every new prepara
warranted purity.
Slock too’* Incorruptible Teeth, Genuine
Sfcabbe’s Separating Files. Gold and Tin Foil,
F We., &c. D. B. PLUMB & CO.,
Druggists and Apothecaries,
Between U. S. Hotel and P. O. Corner. Augusta, Ga.
mh!7 w
HATS, CAPS AND BONNETS.
SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS, 185 f.
«E. L. FERRY & CO. would
invite the attention of Merchants to their flgU
extensive assortment of
HATS, CAPS AKD BONNETS,
embracing every variety of style adapted to the sea
eon, and in part consisting of
Mens’ and Boys’ Pananra HATS;
“ “ Leghorn and Palm HATS;
“ Rough and Ready Braid HATS,
with every variety of Russia Pur and Heaver Hatt-,
of the new Spring Fashion.
Also, Lad.es’ Fancy Straw BONNETS;
“ Pearl and Chip Do ;
11 fancy and plain Leghorn BONNETS
with a variety of other styles. All of which will be
offered low, and on reasonable terms. Call at E. L.
Perry & Co.’s Store, Augusta, Ga,. near the Man
sion House. fe*27-w
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
« JUST RECEIVED at the
AGRICULTURAL WARE
HOUSE, Augusta, a lot of Choice
PLOUGHS, consisting of Double Mould Board, Hill
Side, Subsoil, Eagle Self-sharpening, and one and two
Horse Ploughs, of all descriptions. Also, Cylindrical
Churns,Corn Shelters, Corn Planters,Straw Cutters,
Grain Cradles, Road Scrapers, Manure Forks,
Trucks, &c., &c.
mh!9-w A. W. &.W.P. CARMICHAEL
LIVERY STABLES,
MADISON, GEORGIA.
HARKALL 4z. HARRIS
beg leave to announce to
their friends in Madison and
• the travelling Public gene-
oqvhey have opened the above STABLES,
‘pubi am ey intend keep as fine CARRIAGES,
Sand HORSES, ascan be found in any
)witb careful drivers. Citizens of Madison,
jo Uon»/ ers Harting Madison, by corning to us will
ready accommodation, to go any where
w?’ on reasonable terms.
Jan. 29 1850. t s
FINE HORSE STOLEN.
slo ° RBWAR D.
Ir .Hl r. V P' f
I‘H'l <>i !) < ...
h ' 1 X ' 1 ’ t i;'. ' Ba, .«
& "■ ■ . h •
Mr ' ' '
V I If* r »<■••• I V I ■
(>• !(.:.« ■ . I
Du.HiR, Its th. b i •• i. n<-.
JOHN WYNNE.
Ga., June 4. 1850. jc7-w2m
dissolved.
THE FIRM of Wilson & Linthicum was
thia day dissolved by mutual consent. All
pertKVD* basing claim* against the concern, will pre
jeent the same to A. W and all persons indebt
ed to the firm will please cotut forward and close the
same by cash or note with A. Wilson, whoisaulht r
iacd toaetUcUWsanie, as longer indulgence cannot be
_ WILSON & LINTHICUM.
Augusta, April 14, IbfiO. api9-d6
THE LIVERY STABLE Business
will be continued, in ull it* various branches,
M 1 /?» by A. Wilson & Co. We solicit a con
tinuation of the same liberal patronage extended to
the recent firm. We will keep good Horses and
Huggies, and Saddle Horses for hire. Also, are de
teriuim d to k eep the finest of Carriages, and good gen
tle pairs of Hor esand trusty Drivers. We also will
keep an extra 9 passenger stage, fnr the accommoda
tion of parties or families wishing to visit the up
country of Georgia or South Cor«>lina. We also
continue to run a daily line of 4 Coaches to
Savannah and Macon, in connection with the Central
Railroad via Ninety Mile Station. We w : ll send an
extra tJoach thr< ugh in day time, if desired. Fare
through to Macon or Savannah, 36.50- Tickets to
be hud of J. N. Rkavks, Augnrta, or at the Rail
road Depots in Savannah or Maron.
A. WILSON,
4. P. FLEMING,
splß-wfim JAS. M.
CLaRIONETTE PLAYER WANTED.
WANTED to purchase a Negro Man who is a
good Performer on the CLARION ETTE.
Apply to WM. M. MORTON,
jaO-tf Athens, Ge&
POPULAR MEDICINES.
CONSUMPTION CURED DAILY
I ” |iy Dr. Hasting’* Compound
SYRUP OF NAPHTHA.
h qMIK MEDICAL FACULTY, » well a.
JL the public, are struck with wonder at the nu
merous cures made daily by this esiraordinary medi
cine, and it is now acknowledged by many o( our most
eminent physicians to be a curtate and speedy cure
for tubercular consumption in its worst stages. It
* has been recommended by that eminent physician,
Dr. MoU. and is constantly used te the Marine H<«-
pital at Savannah, Ga., by Dr. Arnold, the senior
physician of the hospital. TM London Lancet,
k London Medical Journal, Braithwaite’s Retrospect,
and aM other ot the London MsdM Journals, have
spoken in praise many times of tMsurprising effects
of Dr. Hastings’ Preparation. Ilkis been thorough
ly tiled, not only in the Hospital under the charge of
Dr. Hastings, iu London, but also by all the first phy
sicians of England, »' d all have telly endorsed it as
an unrivalled remedy in Consumption, and ail other
diseases of the lungs. The fol'.nwing are a lew of
the opinions expressed by the Med.cal Faculty ol
England. Dr. Williamson, of Manchester, thus
writes: “Under its influence I have seen the ema
ciated being, on whose brow death bad seemed to
have set biases!, acquire invigoration and strength
end exchange his early mornings of intense suffering
and distressing cough for the sound repute which
alone accompanies Sound health.**
DR. WARE,sf Liverpool, says: “I regard Has
tings’ Syrup of Naphtha as one ol the first medical
discoveries of any age, and consider its agency in
curing consumption as established beyond all doubt
or question.” A single bottle will prove its efficacy.
All the proprietor asks is the trial of one bottle, the
action ol which will prove to the patient the virtue of
this tuedLioe. Coughs, colds, bronchitis, decline,
asthma, night sweats, and spitting of blood, are
cured in a surprisingly short sjwe of time; the se-
vyrest c<4da having yielded to the treatment of the
Syrup in the abort space of forty-eight
[ hour*. To enumerate all the cures pcrfoimed by tine
L medicine would occupy a volume. The agent ean
I show hundreds of certificates. Purchase a bottle,
h ants use il—you will then need no certificate, it wi !
rceotuincud ilselt Price One Dollar per bottle—or
: air boules for *5.
AU tire above popular Medicines are for sale at
I New Turk wholesale and retail prices, by HAVI
-1 AND, RIDLEY* CO, W. K. KITCHEN,
D. I». PLUMB & CO., BARRETT, CARTER dt
k CO., and W. H. TUTT, Augusta.
w All ceiievsmsst be addressed to G. W. BURR A
BROTHER, 154 Greenwich-St., New York.
mb’-difcw6mil
TO STONE MASONS.
SEALED PROPOSALS will be receiv
sd until the First Monday in July next, for the
h building a G-anite Jail al Appling, in the county of
► Columbia —plan ol which may be seen at ibe Chtou
’ tele Jr Sentinel Office, Augusta, and at this place.
EltW’D. BALLARD r. i. c.
JOSIAH STO' ALL, i. i. c.
WILLIAM L. BLUNT, 1. r.c.
h ALHFRT G. DOZIER, j. i. c.
I PLAN OF JAIL.
The Jail to be built of granite, thirty-four feet long,
eighteen leet wide. The walls to be two leet thick,
a with two rooms below and two above; each room to
be 10 Ly 14 ieet, with a passage above and below ol
tie feet wide. The passage walls to be two feet
thick of the seme materials. Statr-caee tn the pas
sage. Two windows in each room, to be two and a
ball feel wide by eighteen inches deep. A double
, iron grating in each of the wmdows b, low, and .in-
L gle atwyw Two windows la the passage above.
% The Inml Axe to be made of two inch plank. Itmd
<« » suicide with sheet into, with Urge nails driven in
F \ ven thick. The inside doors to be of crew bar tr>n
with hinges in ibe mck beh-w and above ; two doors
k below and two above; the doors to be furnished u ith
m the barn locks Ihe lower 4,-or to be mad< ol lock
” twelve inches thick, and ceiled above with two inch
I plank. The floors a love to to made of twelve inch
I square limber, with two meh plank mt floor and ccll-
M fog. No nxk tobe worked in it less that three leet
K one. twelveiaehes wide. To be covered with tin.
Ap|ling, Ceiumbia co., March 22, ISSO. >Jy
\)OSESDALK HYDRAULIC CEMENT.
—A supply of -W to 500 LarrsU of ibis »upe-
L r gw Certoni c< mdamly on hand, and for sale at man-
Btaetursi'.' prices, wkh the addition of erperses, by
Haviland, rislf.t a co,
, Agents toe the Rosendale Cement Company. Au
ma's sp?T
L ORLEANS WHISKEY— 2OO bar
Xw rela of prune New Orleans WHISKEY, just
received on cooaignmeat, and for sale low by
ap4 JEFFERS, COTHRAN dk CO.
Serins,
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
Is Published every Wednesday,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS or INDI VIDUALS sending us Ten
Dollar ,SIX copies of the Paper will be sent forone
year, thus furnishing the Paper at the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
or a free copy to all who may procure us five sub
scribers, and forward us the money.
£he CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DxkILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Aie also published at this office, and mailed to sub
scribers at the following rates, viz.:
Daily Papbr, if sent by maiL*>«s7 per annum.
Tki-Wbbklt Papbr. 4 “ **
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
Im Wbbkly. —Seventy-five cents per square (12
incs or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cents
or eqch subsequent insertion.
WEEKLY CHROXICIf iSEXm.
Ipoctrp.
The Poor Man’s Grave*
BY ELIZA COOK.
No sable pall no waving plume
--
- -!■ i Mun un fjl I iqtifa the
Tnere m not one of kindred clay
—To- watch the coffin on its way ;
No mortal form, no human breast
Cares wherdThe pauper’s bones may rest.
But one deep mourner follows there,
Whose grief outlives the funeral prayer j
He d»x*s not sigh—he does not weep,
But will not leave the sodless heap.
’Tis he who was the poor man’s mate,
And made him more content with fate ;
The mongrel dog that shared his crust
Is all that stands beside bis dust.
He bends his listening bead as though
He thought to hear a voice below ;
He pines to tuiss that v ice so kind,
And wonders why he’s left behind.
The Buffgoes down, the night income.
He needs uo food—he seeks no home ;
But stretched upon the dreamless bed,
With doleful howl calls back the dead.
The passing gaze may coldly dwell
On all that polished marble tell;
For temples built on churchyard earth
Are claimed by riches more than worth.
But who could mark with undimtned ■ yes
The mourning dug that starves and dies ?
Who would not a k, who would not crave
Such love and faith to guard his grave?
FARMERS SONG.
BV W. L. EATON.
•A rural life is the life for me,*
A way from the city’s strife,
Where the breath dNHeaven is pure and free,
And nature’s full o’’life ;
Where the earth is clothed with a lovely green,
The flowers smiling and fair.
And the v isdom of God is distinctly seen,
In all that flourishes there.
We do not envy the man of trade,
Whose life is with cares oppressed,
Who only is happy as wealth is made,
And not when others are blessed;
His life bound up in his merchandise,
His heart absorbed in hn grains,
The beauty of earth shut out from bis eyer,
But not from bis soul, its pains.
We have nothing to do in Ambition’s ways,
And do not envy the great,
Puffed up by the hollow voice of praise,
And perplexed with the cares of state;
Elated with hope or depressed with fear,
They must run when the penpple call ;
We are happier far in our humble sphere,
Than they in the Nations’s hall.
The gifts of Heaven are freely bestowed,
The harvest our labor crowns; <
No depots can «each our peaceful abode,
We quail a no tyrant’s frowns.
A rural home is the home we love, |
Away fromthecity strife,
We bow to none but the God above —
None know a happier life.
MISCELLANEOUS LITE
Ax Oriental Em bassy.—On the 25th May
his excellency General Jung Bahadoor Koor
man Rauagee, Prime Minister and Comman
der-in-Chief of the Kingdom of Nepaul, si'ua
ted on the border* ofTbibat, arrived in Eng
land, as ambassador extraordinary from the
King of Nepaul to the Queen of England, lie
came from Egypt to kioud»aM»|»**M, Uy
Ripon. His suite consisted oftwen
ty four persons, and he wai charged with a
letter from his King to Queen Victoria, and
with presents. of Nepaulese manufacture,
worth nearly a quarter of a million sterling
The travelling expenses of the embassy to
England, were nearly 10,000 pounds sterling
They are all Cudhists, and to avoid contact
with Christians, had the whole of the fore cab
ins and saloons of the steamer exclusively to
their own use, and there they fitted up their
own cooking apparatus. The General is a
handsome oriental, very dark,32 years old, and
a great man in India. He dresses magnificent
ly. ami his manners are said to be polished and
graceful. When they landed at Southampton
they would not go to a hotel, but occupied the
Peninsular offices, and had their cooking ap
paratus erected in the yard. They are very
mysterious about their cooking and eating.
They are continually washing; fond of smo
king, and of all oriental habits of luxury.
The London Times has a letter from Alex
andria in Egypt, which describes some of the
animals intended as presents for the Queen
of England. They had all safely arrived ;
The Steamer Ripon takes to the geological
society the Hyppopotamus which has been
waiting in Cairo for the hot season, and a
collection of animals and birds among which
are an ibex from Mount Sinai, a lion, a leop
ard, two linxes. an ichneumon, some civet
cats, and a variety of serpents, lizard*, and
desert rats. A young giraffe was also to have
formed part of the collection, but it was un
fortunately drowned in the canal after reaching
Alexandria.
Tho Hippopotamus, being only 18 month#
old, is comparatively sma 1 ), and lives exclusive
ly on milk, its daily consumption being about
80 pints, for the furnishing of which several
cowshave to be kept on board. It is very
tame and allows itself to be freely hand ed by
its Arab attendant, whom it follows and an
swer# to the name of Ghebbaysch, an island
on the blue Nile, near the seventh cataract, be
ing between Senaar and Faxoglu, where it
was caught. Il is a male specimen, and Abbas
Pasha, the Viceroy, has issued orders to pro
cure a female, which is expected to arrive
here after the rise of the Nile, in about three
months' time, and will also be sent to Eng
land. Preparations for the conveyance
of the Hyppopotamtis had been made
at Southampton, on board the R'pon with a
convenient iron tank, holding about 400 gal
lons of fresh water, which it will require to be
renewed every other day to bathe in.
This is the first hy ppopotamns that is taken
to Europe alive, and it is to be hoped that it
will reach England in safety.
Some of the attendants of the Embassy are
thus described:
Among them were two African serpent
charmers; one of the latter was a lad, a strange
little shriveled faced fellow, who caused much
amusement by his comic manner#, his grotesque
dress, and dating handling of the beasts and
reptiles. In each of his ears were two brass
bed curtain rings, bis trousers did not reach
below his knees, and he wore a pair of large
Wellington boots. His legs and boots appear
ed like two mahogany postsin a pair of leather
buckets. He played with and teased the most
savage of the beasts and reptiles with the most
daring intrepidity, but the most extraordinary
performances of this youthful charmer were
with the venomous serpents, at the request of
the Admiralty agent; and for the trifling back
shtthf of a silver sixpence, for which he made
a profound and slave-like salaam, he exhibited
his power over the serpent tribe to the writer
of this notice when he went on board the Ripon
in Southampton Docks
He took out the cobra capelles from a box.
fondled with them, kissed their heads and
mouths, held them in his mouth, irritated them
apparently to madness by scratching them on
the back, and even suffered them to bite him
without experiencing any apparent mjury. k
was a singular sight to see one of these ser
pents in tinted, standing firmly on a small por
non of his tail, while the body was forming
graceful curve#, and it was preparing to spting
upon the body with its mouth open and fangs
quivering.
A Cvriovs Relic. —A Mr. Thompson, who
is a compositor m the Courier office in this
city, has in his posse-?ion a very mieres mg
historical relic—a small embroidered cambric
pocket handkerchief, which was used by
L haries 1. upon the scaffold, and which is
stained nuh his blood. Il came originally
from John Kenwicke, who was major ol caval
ry in Cromwell’s army, and in that capacity
was required to te present at the execution of
the an appy monarch. The relic pasaed from
his family to that of Jacob Lyell, whose wife
emigrated to New Jersey near the close of the
17'h century, and was connected with the
Fenwicke family. She gave it to her daugh
ters, who kepi H with the greatest care, and at
their death it passed into another branch of
the family, and has finalh come into the pos
session of Mr. Thompson. It# authenticity
retms to be clearly traced aud proved beyond
doubt. The handkerchief is of small size, aLd
the figure of the Scottish thistle is embroidered
around the Upon one corner .s a very
small figure ol a crown. Lis thickly stained
with dark spots, some of which are as large as
a dollar —tbe other smaller. The linen is con
siderably discolored by time, it seems to have
been ironed, but not washed.—N. F. Post.
For the year ending in April last nearly one
hundred and twenty miUions of pounds of
eet-root sugar were manufactured in France.
■ , Alastopon remains in Florida. — We have
been much interested in an account which we
find published in the IVakulla (Fla ) Times,
by Air. Geo. S. King, of the discovery of the
bones of a supposed Mastodon in the great
Wakulla Spring. The depth of the spring, as
ascertained by the line and plummet, is one
hundred and fourteen feet; and the distance
[ j across it at the surface is nearly four hundred
■ feet. At the bottom, the distance acrosss is
, two hundred feet. The shape of the spring
1 atitsbriin is nearly or quite a regular circle,
s ; and this diape is maintained on the south side
lio the bottom. On the opposite, or north side,
tatsume distance from the'surface, there is a
lirge cavern in the side or wall of the spring
’ the mouth of which is eighty-nine feet in per
pendicnlar height, and about two hundred in
breadth. Through this cavern, which issup
i posed to be horizontal, an immense amount
of wa’er is discharged into the main body or
basin of the spring. The roof, or upper part
of the cavern, composed of lime rock, presents
an irregular and jagged outline; and, com
mencing on the east and west side, about equal
distance-* from the rim, at the depth of sixty
fee’, ii rises in the form of an arch to within
tWHiity-nve feet of the t surface of the water.
The water of thia truly magnificent spring is
so transparent (hat any bright substance, as
m.all even as a half dime, can be seen on the
bottom at its greatest depth. It is highly re
tractive, and, aided by (he white sand on the
bottom, every.hue of the rainbow may be of
ten distinctly seen reflected and flashing from
any substance thrown into it. There is no
perceptible current or boiling in the spring, in
consequence of the great size of (he inlet toil
from the side and of the great quautity of wa
er it contains. It is the principle source of
the Wakulla riyfcr, and pleasure parties
often be seen ijfpr/it in buat«i.
the spring, anu*»caff?Ted promiscuously over
an area of about thirty by eight feet. They |
were lying upon the white sand, where they
could be almost as distinctly seen, in conse
quence of the transparency of the water, as if
they had been viewed through an airy instead
of watery medium. Having prepared the nec
essary apparatus for raising the bones, Mr.
King, assisted by Mr. Brokenbrough, went to
work, and soon succedeed in raising them.
The outer formation of the bones, to adopt the
words of Mr. King, is for the most part enam
el of from | to J of an inch thick, generally of
beautiful whiteness and very hard—too hard
to be cut by a knife. The upper or lower
(we cannot tell which at present) bone of
each fore leg which were obtained, measures I
a little upwards of 3 feet in length, 13 inches
in diameter above joint, and 13J or 14 inches I
in diameter, at what appears to be the knee
joint. A single joint only obtained of the ver- 1
tebra, belonging either to the neck orsmail of i
the back, measures 17 inches (and was appa- i
rently Ito 3 inches or more originally) across, I
one way, and 10 the other, and the aperture
which admits the spinal cord, measures 3 by 4J
inches The principal part of each hip bone t
obtained,indicate a length at least 4 feet or more J
They are so much broken, however, as to ren- ’
der it difficult to determine what were their I
real size in evtry particular. The socket
alone where thehio and thigh bones joined, I
measures nearly 23 inches in c'rcutnfereuce, t
or about 8 inches in diameter. I
A part of one blade bone, and several others,
were obta.ied. That which proved to be a
part of a tusk, from a depth of 45 feet,
when lying upon the bottom, presented a
length of not less than 4 feet. The shape of
the part of the tusk seen, was lengthwise, a little
curved, and is nearly round. There was no
perceptible diminution of size for the whole
length of this part—and at each end it appear
ed to have been broken nearly square off. It is
to be regretted that this piece of tusk could not
have been secured entire. When it had been
raised, perhaps ten feet, not having strength
enough to hold its own weight, it broke in two,
and fell to the bottom again; and the largest
piece then to be seen was but little over a foot.
This was raised again, but misfortune still pur
suing this piece of tusk, it fell from the hook
into the boat, and broke again into many pieces.
It measured 8 inches in diameter, and judging
from the fact that there was no apparent dimi
nution in size for the length of four feet or
more, and from its enormous thickness, it
could not have been less than ten, and was pro
bably near twelve, or fifteen feet in length.
The pieces obtained prove the tusk or tusks
to have been of pure ivory, encased by ena
mel of almost transpa r ent whiteness. The
weight of these tusks or tusk was beyond a
doubt, also enormous. The piece which it
w is attempted to raise, and partly accomplish
ed, was quite a heavy pull for both Mr. King
and Mr. Brokenbrough. It must have weigh
ed 150 pounds, and the whole weight of ihe
entire tusk could not have been less than 300
pounds, and it is quite probable that it weigh
»d as high as 400 pounds. One of the leg
b«*nes already described weighs 60 pounds,
and could not originally have weighed less
than 75 or 80 pounds. They are more or less
hollow, and there was a hollow in the part ol
the tusk secured of to 3 inches. There were
no thigh bones <0 UO round'. _
jtnrgtng relatively, must bo near or quite five
feel.— Savannah Republican.
Laurens Jansxoon Koster, the real In
ventor of Printing*
Editors Picayune— The annexed commtini
cation perhaps needs no introduction, as it
speaks for itself. The interesting ceremonies
of 1823, as described below, may not be new
to some of your readers; hut to me they
were never known until related by the author
of the communication.
He is a native of Holland, was in the country
at the time of said celebration, and has himseii
seen the monument described. Having my
self paid much attention to the history of in
ventions, especially those in the printing line,
I was struck with the facts concerning the re
nowned Hollander, as my friend related (hem
to me ; and, at my request, he has written
them down for your paper.
1 accordingly send you the manuscript, be
lieving that you and your readers—and the
Directors of the Public School Library—will
be gratified in perusing it. Yours, with res
pect, N. G. N.
Gentlemen— You would oblige me by in
serting in your valuable paper the following
lines, which may prove not uninteresting to
the friends of science and historical truth.
Under the head of ‘‘Discoveries and Inven
tions,” I read m the Family Christian Alma
nac. for 1850, page 56, as an historical fact,
•‘Printing invented by Faust, 1441; made
pub ic by Guttenburg, 1458; brought to Eng
land by Wm. Caxtoti, 1471.” This is not cor
rect, the invention of printing dating as far
back as the year 1423.
In Holland (or more correctly the Nether
lands,) about nine miles from the metropolis,
is a city called Haarlem. A beautiful forest or
park, bordered with country seats, is, as it
were, the common garden of all the citizens of
Haarlem, and seems, in the warm season, to I
invite one to a walk under the shady foliage of i
oak trees, the age of which must bo counted
by centuries.
On a beautiful afternoon, in the summer of
the year 1423, a citizen of Haarlem, named
Laurens Janszoon Koster, a man little over
fifty years old, accompanied by two or three
of his grandchildren, went to the above men
tioned park. Having come to a certain spot
—which is called to this day “the eight point,’’
because it is the central point of eight lawns,
which cross the park in ail directions—grand
father Koster took possession of one of the
benches planted on this beautiful spot. To
pass the time, he cut with a penknife, from a
piece of green wood, the first three or four
letters of the alphabet, for the use of his grand
children. as the first elements o! reading.—
These letter# were so well finished that he
thought it worth while to preserve them, by
wrapping them carefully in a piece of paper
and then putting them in his pocket. In the
evening, while sitting in the midst of the fam
ily circle, Koster had ent.rely forgotten his
wood engravings, nor did be dream of the
consequences of his sitting upon them. Hut go
ing to bed, and undressing himself, be took the
little package out of h» coat packet, and oh,
bow great was his astonishment when, upon
opening it,he beheld his letters plainly primed
on die paper wherein he had wrapped them
up.
This simple event created in Koster’s ingeni
ous mind that sublime idea through which the
art of printing originated, and since light and
blessing have been spread over the whole
earth
Laurens Koster, practising the matter over
and over again, made such improvements that,
after some time, be was able to print with wood
en types and ink on paper. Not resting, and
wiser by experience every day, he brought it
in a few years so far that he could print a book
with movable metalic types The first one
printed by him was a school book, under the
title of Spiegel onzer Beki-undenis — Mirror of
our Salvation.
Hosier, not capable of doing all this work
alone, got some bands to assist him, and one
of them left his house on a certain night aud
set off for Mentz. taking with him a great many
of (he instruments, types. &c., and brought
by this dishonest act. the ait of printing over
to Germany ; where Faust and Gutietiburg
made so many further improvements that
every one who beholds the blessed results of
the art of printing, in diffusing knowledge
and wisdom over ail the earth, will honor
iheir memory with praise and gratitude, un
conscious that the honqf ol the invention is
not theirs, but belongs to Laurens Janszoon
Koster.
Ko?ter was born in the year 1370, and died
in the year 1439. It is said that he was the
Koster (i. e Sexton) of the Ca.hedral of Har
lem. his name being Laurens the son of John,
(Janzoon.) adding to this the name of bis em
ploy men!, which was a very customary thing
in that century. His house was standing near
the cailiedral. and an open plain or market
place ; just between ihe church and his house,
bis grateful fellow-citizens erected, some time
after bis death, his statue, which is standing
idl this day.
But now some ruay say, “ This is all a fine
story, but where is the proof of its truth
Piease read a few lines more.
More than 2 cen’anes passed away and not
a single sou! in Haarlem or in the whole coun
try doubted that L. Jz Kester was the inventor
of priming. But in following times Germany,
aided by me French, attempted to undermine
the foundation on which tbe invention, as only
belonging to Koster, was grounded, Holland
saw Hus, and anxuua to bring tne truth to
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 26, 1850.
> light, the Haarlem Society of Science, in 1808,
; offered a premium of a double golden Medal
(worth about five hundred guilders) lor the beat
written dissertation on ••Wheth
er there was any ground to deny Haarlem the
invention of printing with moveable types, by
Lmrens Janzoon Koster, before the year
1440?”
Three answers were received, but none of
them were considered to merit the
prize; and three years after the same question
was again published by competition.
A very modest man, who tor m<ftb than
twenty years had gathered and searched for
these matters, sent his (a volume*
about two inches thick) in 1&14, to the Haar
lem Society of Science. His work under
went;! most critical examination; but‘praise
and glory’ was the utterance of the said society,
in 1816 ‘to the author,’ whose name proved
to be Jacobus Koning. He was the man who
had gloriously defended the honor of Haafletn
and Koster ; who had called a host of witness
es from the grave, by o f d books, old manu
scripts, paper marks, escutcheons, &c . and
all doubt concerning tho invention of Koster
had vanished forever.
Haarlem, having now the proofs of her
rights celebrated in the summer of 1823 the
fourth jubilee of Koster's invention, it was a
solemn day. All the members of the society
and thousands of citizens and strangers went
first to the cathedral, where a discourse was
delivered by one of the most eloquent Proses
sors of Leyden University rafter that the socie
ty, with Koning in their midst, marched in
preces-ion through the streets, adorned with
gai lauds of evergreens and bowers, towards
the same spot where Laurens Koster four hun
dred years ago had cut the first letter. At the
Janszoon K< r the art of
book printing, presented itself to lie eyes of
thousands and thousands, shouting for Koster
for Haarlem and Koning.
As soon as the dissertation of Koning was
published it was translated into French for the
sake of foreign countries. The city of Haar
lem has in possession many of the original cop
ies ofL. Koster’s printings, and numerous oth
er proofs which testily the very truth of all
which is above related ; which treasure is se
cured in the city hall, and is preserved as a
bulwark against any attack upon the right of
Koster’s invention in 1423. Besides all this
the Church register is now also there, wherein
can be found “ that L. Jz. Koster died in
1439.” Is there any na’ion who can show any
book printed before that year ?
I hope to receive a copy of the French trans
lation of the above mentioned work of Jac.
Koning in the course of this year, and intend
to present it to the Library of the Second Mu
nicipality; Every one who will read this prec- 1
ious book will be satisfied and say ‘‘this must
be the truth.” S. D. V.
A Touching Story.—The following beau
tiful and touching story was related by Dr.
Selby, of Maryland, at a meeting held in New
Y r ork, to hear the experience of twenty re
formed drunkards:
“A drunkard, who had run through with
his property, returned home one night to his
unfurnished house. He entered his empty
hall—anguish was gnawing at his heart strings,
and language is inadequate to express his ago
ny as he entered his wife’s apartment, and there
beheld the victims of his appetite—his lovely
wife and darling child. Morose and sullen,
he sealed himself without a word ; he could
not speak; he could not look upon them. The
mother said to the angel by her s’de, “Come,
my child, it is time to goto bed,” and the little
babe, as was her wont, knelt by her mother’s
lap, and gazing wistfully into the face of her
suffering parent like a piece of chiseled statua
ry, slowly repeated her nightly orison; and
when she had finished, (she was but lour years
of age.) said to her mother, “ Dear ma, may I
not offer up one more prayer?” “Yes, yes,
my sweet pet, pray And she lifted up her
tiny hands, closed her eyes, and prayed, “O
God, spare my dear papa I”
That prayer was wafted up with electric ra
pidity, to the throne of God. It was heard—
it was heard The responsive “Amen!”
burst from the father’s lips, and his heart of
stone became a heart of flesh. Wile and child
were both clasped to his bosom, and in peni
tence he said, “My child, you have saved
your father from the grave of a drunkard. I’il
sign the pledge.”
Preserving Fruit.—The Horticulturist
contains a mode of preserving fruits which
may be of use to housekeepers;
Send to your tinsmith and get a sufficient
number of tin canisters, very carefully and
tightly made. They should be of uniform size,
and the shape preferred here is seven inches
high by five in diameter—uniform cylinders.
Select the fairest fruit—peaches, strawber
ries, or what you please. It should be ji.st
ripe, but not past the mature stage. Fili the
canisters, place the'tin lid on their tops, and
solder them down very carefully. Only a
l.i., >k.. .. n , n f —MreaH faer left for
tho cur U» Mahp*. ,-i i,—
The next point is to drive the air out of the
can n inters of fruit, to prevent its decay. In
order to do this, take a broad boiler pan, with
a Hat bottom, place the cannister in it, and fill
it with boiling wather within about three
fourths of an inch of the tops of the canisters.
The boiler being over a gentle fire, the water
in it should now be made to boil. This will
drive the air in each cannister through the
small hole left in the top. as soon as the tem
perature approaches 200 deg.; and in order to
know precisely when it is all expelled, you
must drop a few drops of water upon this hole
When the bubbles of water cease rising
through these drops of waler the air is expell
ee; then you may pass a dry cloth over the
hole, and let a drop of solder fill upon it. This
seals the cannister up hermetically so that the
fruit will rennin unchanged fora couple of
years, or longer. The immersion of the can
in the boiling .water does not impart the slight
est taste of their having been cooked lo the
fruit.
The canisters of fruit should he left in a cool
place. When wanted fur use, unsolder the top
w ith a hot iron, and the fruit is ready, having
been perfectly preserved without the aid of su
gar or brandy.
Minnesota. —We learn from the St. Paul
Chronicle of the27ih ult. that the new steamer
Gov. Ramsay, built above the Falls of St. An
thony, had started on her first trip to Sauk
Rapids. This event introduces steam naviga
tion on an important section of the upper Mis
sissippi river heretofore cut off by the Falls of
St. An hony.
In the same paper we find the following ar
ticle :
Animal and Vegetable.— A friend left at cur
office, a few days since, what may be consider
ed. so far as our knowledge extends, a produc
tion peculiar to Minnesota. Il was a grub
worm, apparently of the ordinary species, from
the head of which had sprouted a plant some
three inches in length. Both animal and vege
table life had become extinct when we first
saw it, though vitality clearly existed in each
when taken out of the ground. We under
stand this species of production is not uncom
mon in the vicinity of Point Douglass, where
this was found. The weeds springing from
the head of the worm grow to the height of
two or three feet, the legs of the insect mean
time distending themselves into the earth in
(he shape of roots. Anima! life remains ap
parent until the vegetable shoot above ground
i» killed by a change of season ; but whether a
crop of grubs is produced in the way of seeds,
we are not advised. What can’t we raise in
Minnesota ?
The City of Buffalo is about to be sup
p’ied with an abundance of fine water.
Mr. Parish, of Si Lawrence County, has ta
ken $125,000 in stock, to be paid for in iron
pipe. Batten, Dungan & Co., of Philadelohia,
who are to construct the works, take $20J,000.
The balance, some $75,000 has been or is to
be taken by the citizens of Buffalo. The wa
ter is to be raised from the bed of the Niagara
river near Fort Porter, by means of two steam
enginesand pumps of great power, and of the
most approved construction, into a reservoir,
or more properly speaking, a series of reser
voirs, capable of containing a supply sufficient
for the wants of the city for about ten days, to
be located on some of the high grounds in the
vicinity of Prospect Hill, and from thence dis
tributed through pipes lothe different parts of
the city.
Death from Supkrstition.— David Boston,
a colored man. died near I Chester, Md , on the
Ist inst., from the effects of snpersution. He
had contracted a severe cold, and suffered
much ironi an accumulation of phlegm on the
che>l. The choking sensation and hoarse
breathing consequent on this induced him to
believe that he had a frag in him. and that he
had been “ tricked.” His wife went to Balti
more and consulted a “fortune teller, ’ who
confirmed her suspicions, and added that the
first person who should come to her house,
after her return home, was the trickster. Tins
was sufficient. The poor man took little or
no nourishment; no one was allowed to visit
him ; and after his death some fifty cotton bails
were found placed about him for the purpose
of breaking the “ spell.”
Mr. E. Fuller.of Ludlow, Mass .. lately died
i there at the great age of 98 years, while sitting
in hts chair and to all appearance in a per
fectly good state of health. The Springfield
Daily Post says that shortly before hts decease
he was graufied in beholding his great great
great grand child—for be was toe venerable
living representative of a fifth generation. Up
to the closing hour of his existence, he pre
served hts faculties unimpaired, and died “full
of years,” peaceful and still.
Coffee for Weak Stomachs.—A corres
pondent send# the following, being the result
of experience: Tfiose who are not able to
bear much liquid should adopt the following
method: Place a quarter of a pound of
ground coffee in a jug, pour a pint of cold
spring water thereon, and let it stand twenlv
tuur hours: then strain off the clear extract,
*h;eh preserve in a well corked boule. When
you wish for a cup of coffee, boil half-* pint of
milk, io which add a table-spoonful of the
cold extract It will have the same effect as
three cups made in the ordinary way, and
posses# a delightful flavor.
!; POLITICAL.
11
Proceedings of The Nashville
* r CONVENTION.
p Eighth day.- Tuesday, June 11 th, 1850.
The convention met pursuant to adjournment,
> and was opened with prayer by Rev. Dr.
Edgar.
1 The resolution of tne following series, re
r ported yesterday, by Gen. Gordon, of Va..
»• from the Committee on Resolutions, relative
. to the futurejneeting of the Convention, was
. called up.
> 1. Rfsolved, That the true boundaries orthe
State of Texas are defined in the treaty of
I May 14th, 1836, signed by the President of
Texas and the members of tb e cabinet of the
government thereof, on tpp one part, and by
the authorized representatives of the govern
ment of Mexico, on the other part, Mtad setting
forth the lines of in thelollowing
words, to wit: “ The line shall commence at
the estuary or mouth ot the Rio Grande, on
the western bank thereof, and shall pursue the
same bank up the said river, to the point where
the river assumes the name of R:o Bravo del
Norte, from which point it shall proceed on
the said western bank to the headwaters or
source of said river, it being understood that
the terms Rio Grande and Rio Bravo del Norte
apply to and designate one and the same
stream. From the. fierce qf the said river,
the principal head brauei tleing taken jo ascer
tain that source, a due <. shs.i be run
until it shall intersect tU y line estab-
li-hed and described I negoiiated
red to and adopted in the treaty of limits made
between the government of Mexico and that
of the United States ; and from tlrat point o r
intersection the l»ne shall be the same that was
made and established in and by the several
treaties above mentioned, to continue to the
mouth or outlet of the Sabine river, and from
thence to the Gulf of Mexico.” That the sad
State of Texas asserted sovereign authority over
all territory comprehended within the boundary
set forth in the foregoing resolution before the
date of the recognition of her independence
by the government of the United States and
before the date of her annexation to the Uni
ted States ; and her claim to these boundaries,
was well known to the government of the
United States, as evidenced by a map distinctly
setting them forth published for the use of
our government, at the time of the annexation
of Texas, and extensively circulated by mem
bers oi Congress and other public agents
That by the terms of the joint resolution for
annexing Texas to the United States, it is ex
pressly provided that the government of the
United States should have power to adjust all
questions of boundary which might arise with
other governments; that no such question of
boundary has been adjusted with any other
government, so as to contract or va:y the
boundaries of Texas. That Mexico, by thetrea
ty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo, expressly relinquish
ed ail claim to all territory comprehended within
the boundaries heretofore described ; where
by the claim of Texas became settled, and her
jurisdiction and authority became complete.
That the State of Texas should not be hin
dered or disturbed by any authority whatever,
in the exercise of all such sovereign and su
preme power over all territory within her
limits as may be lawfully exercised by any
other sovereign Slate of the confederacy
over territory within its ascertained limits.
2. Resolved, That all the territory within
the limits of the State of Texas, being now
slavehoiding territory, it is of vital importance
to the Southern States, that no portion of it
should be transferred to the jur indie ton of the
Federal Government, without the most explicit
declaration, that the same shall be slave terri
tory in the hands of the United States, as fully
as it now is in the hands of Texas.
That no agreement between the United
States and Texas for a cession to the former
of a part of the territory of the latter, should
discharge the Government of the United
States from the obligations to admit into the
Union four new Stales, to be created out of the
territory of Texas, with the institution ofslave
ry,and provision should be made in the article
oi cession to preserve said obligation.
3 Resole d. That it is the duty of the whole
south to oppose the attempts of Northern
fanatic*, to get possession of any part of
the territory rightfully belonging to Texas,
for rhw purpose of excluding therefrom the
people of the south, and espec.ally the Texans
themselves.
4 R salved. That, while the position of
Texas in the very breach through which this
assault may be made on the constitutional
rights of the south, entitles her to the assur
ance of cordial aiidfresohite support from eve
ry saveholdmg state; these states have a like
right to expect that she wid no? be bo fa'se to
herself and regardless of their, interest, as to
accept any sum of money as a consideration
fur adinillPMr, an gates, and
ams a ’"harbor fur fugitive~sTaves
5. Resolved, That the right of the people of
Texas to form, at the proper lime, with the
consent of that State, four new slaveholding
Stales, in addition to said Stalo of Texas, out
of the territory thereof is clear and unquestion
able, and cannot be strengthened by an/ more
legislative construction or guarantee.
1. Resulted, That me whole legislative pow
er of the Uni'ed S ates Government is derived
from the Constitution and delegated to Con
gress, and cannot be increased or diminished
but by an amendment of the Constitution.
2. Resolved That the acquisition of territory
by the United States, whether occupied or va
cant, either by purchase, conquest or treaty,
adds nothing to the legislative power of Con
gress, as granted and limited in the Constitu
tion.
3. Resulted, That the adoption of a foreign
law existing at tiie lime, in territory purchased,
ceded, or granted, is the exerci*e of legislative
power, and cannot be done unless the law is
of such a character as might rightfully be en
acted by Congress under the Constitution,
without reference to its pre-existence as a fo
reign law.
4. R solved. That the alleged principle of
the law of Nations recognizing to some ex
tent, the perpetuation of foreign laws in ex
istence within a territory at the time of its ac
quisition by purchase, conquest or treaty,
cannot, under our Constitution and form of
government, go to the extent of continuing'!)
force, in Mich territory, any law that would
not be directly enacted by Congress, by virtue
of the powers of legislation delegated to it by
the Constitntion.
5. Resulted, That no power of doing any
act or thing by any of the Departments of our
Government, can be based upon the princi
ples of any f>reign law, or of the laws of
nations, beyord what exists in such Depart
ment under the Constitution of the United
Slates, without reference to such foreign law
€ r the laws of Nations.
6. Resolved, That slavery exists in the Uni
ted Siates independent of the Constitution.
That it is recognized by the Constitution in a
threefold aspect, first as property, second as
a domestic relation of service or labor under
the law of a State, and lastly as a basis of po-
litical power. And viewed i n any or all of
these lights, Congress has no power unde 1
the Constitution, to create or destroy it any
where ; nor can such power be derived from ,
foreign laws, conquest, cession, treaty or the
1 iws of nations nor from any other source
but an amendment of the Constitution itself.
Resolved, That the Constitution confers no
power upon Congress to regulate or prohibit
the sale and transfer of slaves between the
States.
Resolved. That it is the duty of Congress to
provide effectual means of executing the 2d
section of the 4th article of the Constitution
relating to the restoration of fugitives from
service or labor.
Resolved, That when this Convention ad
journ, it adjourn to meet at Marietta, in the
Stale of Georgia, on the 4th Munday after the
adjournment of the present session of Con
gre-e, and that the Southern States be recom
mended to fill their delegations forthwith.
Resolved, That the reception orconsideration
bv Congress of resolutions, memorials or pe
titions, from the States in which domestic sla
very does not exist, or from the people of said
State#, in relation to the institution of slavery
where it does exist, with a view of effecting its
abolition, or tn impair the right# of those in
terested in it, to its peaceful and secure enjoy
ment, is a gross abuse and entire subversion ,
of the right of petition as secured by the Fede
ral Constitution, and if persisted in must, and
will lead to the most danueron# and lamentable
consequences —that the right of petition for a
redress of grievances as provided for by the
Constitution was designed to enable the citi
zens of the United Slates to manifest and
make known tt» Congress the existence of
evils under which they were suffering: wheth
er affecting them personally, locally, or gene
rally, and to cause such evils to be redressed
by the proper and competent authority, but
was never designed or intended as a means of
inflicting injury on others, or jeoparding the
peaceful and secure enjoyment of their rights,
whetner existing under the constitution or un
der the sovereignty and authority of the seve
ral Slates
Gen P4low moved to amend, the resolution
appointing Marietta the place for the meeting
of the Convention, by inserting Nashville in
stead. which alter considerable discussion was
unanimously adopted. The resolution was
further amended, so as to make the time of
meeting the six h Monday instead of the fourth
after Hie adjournment of the presen: session
of Congress.
Mr Gordon, of Va., Chairman of the Com
mittee of Resolutions, reported the address to
the people of the South, with amendments,
which were read.
Mr. Mcßae, of Miss-, then submitted seve
i ral amendments to the address, in behali of an
’ absent colleague
t i Tbe amendments having been read and ex
. pl ined. by Mr. Mcßae, Gen. Gordon ana Mr.
: ■ Colquitt made able aud eloquent speeches
F against them.
I “.Mr. Mcßae replied in an eloquent and forci
ble speech, and, then, after a few remark? !rom
Mr Siewert, of Miss, and Mr. Hunter, oi
i Ax., the Convention adjourned till hail pa»t
f 4 o’clock, P. M
> Afternoon Session —Mr. Hunter, of A.a.,
s addressed the Conven ion iu reply to tbe
1 speech of Mr. Colquitt- He ably vindicated
himeeif, and those opposed to the address, from
the insinuations made against the integrity of
their motives, and declared himself devoted to
the Union, which he desired to preserve. He
reviewed that part of the address, recommend
-5 ed by the Committee, which discusses the
' Compromise of the Committee of Thirteen,
and showed wherein he differed in sentiment
with it. He said he did not wish to be under
_ stood as approving the Compromise in every
f ; particular, but when he should be narrowed
, j down to a choice between the Compromise or
Disunion he would choose the former.
- ! Mr. Winston, of Ala., in reply to Mr.
, J Hunter, said he valued the Union for the right
» . it secured to him, and when it failed to protect
} those rights it was not worth preserving. As ,
a delegate from Alabama, although he did not
j I wish to make a speech, he could not but de
f clare his dissent to the sentiments avowed by
F the gentleman who last addressed the Con
i venion.
Mr. Boyken, of Ala., rebuked the spirit of
discord which had been thrown into the debate,
and urged upon ail temperance, moderation,
and firmness. After a few other preliminary
remarks, he said he subscribed (o every result
legitimately arrived at in the address, but with
much of the reasoning he could not concur.
He then gave his views relative to the portion
of the address which had been objected to,
and declared that he, like hits colleague, was
ready to take the Compromise in preference
to Disunion. He objected to the policy which
had been pursued, of singling out the Com
promise fur discussion, and opposition, and
saying nothing in regard to other plans and
measures before Congress. He concluded by
making other remarks urging conciliation and
harmony.
followed in a stirring and eln
anef tlien after aTew remarks dMa,-
Sou and Newton, of Va., the Co nve mid nad
journed io 10 o’clock to morrow morning.
Ninth Day.—Wednesday, June 121 h.—
The Convention was opened this morning with
prayer by Rev. J. B. McFerrin.
The Secretary proceeded to call the States,
and Mr. Dawson, of Ga , offered a resolution
advising the formation of all parties in the
South into a new party to be called the
“ Southern Republican Party,” with the mot
to —“ the Union of the South for the sake of
the Union.”
Mr Dawson said he desired the resolution to
be acted on without being referred to the gene
ral committee.
Mr. Rhett objected, and Mr. Dawson there
upon withdrew his resolution.
Gov. Matthews, of Mississippi presented an
Address to the pople of the uon-slaveholding
States, which, without being read, was laid on
the table
Mr. Forman, of Florida, offered a resolu
tion, proposing to take the vote at 12 o’clock
to-day upon the adoption of the Address re
ported by the general committee.
The resolution was declared to be out of
order.
The Address and Amendments oming up
in order, Mr. Tucker, of Va., rose to address
the Convention, hoping to be able to quell ex
citement.
The discussion was continued by Messrs.
Wilkinson of Miss, and Goldthwait of Ala.
when the Convention adjourned to 3 o’clock
P. M.
Afternoon Session.—The discussion was
continued by Judge Sharkey and Mr. Ham
mond of S. C.
When Mr Hammond took his seat, the Pre
vious Queston was called, and sustained. The
main question was then pul and the address
adopted unanimously by States, the amend
ments being cut off. |
Mr. Abercrombie then moved that the States
be called, that those who were opposed to por- ,
tions of the address might record their votes
nigthe negative.
The call was made accordingly, and Messrs.
Abercombie. Davis, Murphey, Judge, Byrd,
Hunter of Ala., Gholson, of Va., Forman,
of Florida, and Sharkey, of Miss., recorded
their votes in the negative.
Gov. Matthews, of Miss., then made an ex
planation in regard to the origin of (he Con
vention—stated that itorgiuated at a county
meeting in Mississippi, the proceedings of
which had been sent to Mr. Calhoun, and elic
ited the letter of commendation from him
which had been published in the papers. He
pronounced the charge tha Mr. Calhoun had
originated the project, infamously false.
The series of resolutions from the general
commi ts in regard to Texas, &c. [published
in the Banner yesterday] were then taken up
and passed.
Resolutions offered by Mr. Dawson, of
Georgia, recommending the formation of a
new party, and support to the Southern Press
to be published at Washington, were laid on
the table.
Resolutions tendering thanks to the officers
of the Convention offered by Mr. Gordon—
others thanking the Trustees of the McKen
dree Church for the use of that building—to
the Odd Fellows for their Hall—to me Ten
nessee Delegation— to the citizens of Nash
ville, and the ladies particularly, offered by
Ase
President Sharkey and Vice President Mc-
Donald then look leave of the Convention, in
an appropriate address, and then the body ad
journed.
Address of the Southern Convention*
To the People of Maryland, Virginia, North
Carolina, S <uth Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
Alabama. Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky.
Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, and Arkansas:
Fellow Citizens :In obedience to the com
mands of those we represent, we have assem
bled together to confer with each other con
cerning your relation with the General Govern
ment and the non slaveholdmg States of the
Union, on the subject of the institution of
slavery. We deem it proper to lay before
you as briefly as the subject will permit, the
result of our deliberations and councils.
in order that your condition may be under
stood, and the conclusions at which we have
arrived be justly appreci ited, it is necessary
briefly to refer to a few past transactions.
Il is now sixteen years since the institution
of slavery in the South began to be agitated in
Congress and assailed by our sister States.
Up to that time, the people of the Northern
States seem to have respected the rights re
served to the Southern States bv the Constitu
tion, and to have acted under the conviction,
that the subject of slavery being beyond the
legislation of Congress, all agitation with res
pect to it on the part of Congress, was equally
forbidden by the Constitution. But at this
time, a portion of the people of the North
began to assail, in Congress, the institution of
slavery, and to accomplish their object of drag
ing it into the vortex of congressional agita
tion, they claimed the right of petitioning Con
gress upon all subjects whatsoever. As a pe
tition is only the first step in legislation, it was
clear that a right to petition a legislat.ve body,
must be limited by its powers of legislation.
No one can have a right to ask of ano her to
do that which he has no moral or legal right to
do. Nor can any tribunal have the power to
receive and consider any matter beyond its
jurisdiction. The ciaim therefore to present
petitions to Congress on the subject of slavery,
was considered by the Southern Representa-
tives generally, as an at empt indirectly, to as
sume jurisdiction over the subject itself, in all
parts of the Union. The object, without dis
guise, was the r verthrow of slavery in the
States ; but our assailants framed the petitions
presented chitfly.agaiust slavery in the District
of Columbia and our Territories, and against
what they call the internal slave trade—that is,
the transmission of slaves from one Southern
State to another. Conscious oi the fatal ten
dency of the agitation of shvery in Congress,
to destroy the peace and stability of the Union,
an effort was made, supported by a large por
tion of the Northern Representatives, to sup
press it by a rule in the House of Represen
tatives, which provided, that all petitions on
the subject of slavery, should be neither con
sidered. printed, or referred. This rule was
assailed by the people of the Northern States,
as violating that clause of the Constitution
which prohibits Congress from passing laws to
prevent tne people from peaceably assembling
and petitioning for a redress of grievances.
In December. 1844, tins rule fell before the
almost unanimous voice of the North; and
thus the unlimited power of introducing and
considering the subject of slavery in Congress,
was asserted. In the mean time, the course of
the Northern people showed clearly, that the
agitation of slavery in Congress was only one
ot the means they relied on to overthrow this
institution throughout the Uuion. Newspa
pers were set up amongst them, and lecturers
were hired to go abroad' to excite them against
slavery in the Southern Stales. Qrganiz ilions
were formed to carry off slaves from the South
and to protect them’by violence from recap
ture. Although the Constitution requires that
fugitive slave , like fugitives from justice,
should be rendered up by the States to which
they may have fled, the legislatures of almost
every Northern Stale, faithless to this treaty
stipulation between the States, passed laws
designed and calculated entirely to defeat this
provision of the Constitution, without which
the Uuion would have never existed, and by
these laws virtually nullified the act of 1*94,
passed by Congress to aid its enforcement
Not content with the agitation of slavery in
political circles, the Northern people forced it
also into the leligious associations extending
over ihe Union, at d produced a separa ion of
the Methodist and Baptist churches. The re
sult of all these various methods of assailing
slavery in the Southern States, was, that it
became the grand topic of interest and discus
sion in Congress and out of Congress, and
one of the most important elements of poli
tics io ihe Union. Thus an insulation, be
longing to me Southern States exclusively,
was wrested from their exclusive control; and
instead of that protecuon which is the great
object of all governments, and which the Con
stitution of the United States guarantees to all
the Stales and their institutions, the Northern
Slates, and Congress uuder their control, com
bined together, ’o assail and destroy slavery in
the Sonib. Tne Southern States did nothing
to vindicate their rights and arrest this course
of thugs. The Mexican war broke out; and
instead of that patriotic co-opera ioa of ali
sections of the Union, which would have
taken place in the better dajs ot the Republic,
co bring it to a just and honorable conclusion
m the very first appropriation bill to carry n
on, the North endeavored to thrust in the sub
ject of slavery. Throughout tne war, the)
kept up the agitation; thus clearly matufesUD(
I their determination that the General Go ern
> ment in none of its operations, intfirtlai or ex
J ternal, shall be exempted from the introductior
-j of this dangerous subject. The war closer
i with honor : and an immense territory was
, added to the United States. Their previom
t threats were realised ; and the non-slavehold
• ing Slates immediately claimed the right to ex
elude the people of the Southern Slates from
! all the territory acquired, and to appropriate
it to themselves. If this pretension arose from
a mere lust of power, it would be hard to bear
the superiority and mastery it implies. Il
would degrade the Southern States from be
ing the rquals of the Northern S ales, to a po
kflition of colonial inferiority. But when your
exclusion is not from a mere lust of power,
but is only a further step in the progress of
things, aiming at the abolition of slavery in the
Stares, by (he extension and multiplication cl
non-slaveholding Slates in the Union, the pre
tension is seen to be as alarming as it is insult
ing. Th® Southern States, in their Legisla
lures, set forth with great unanimity the rights
in oar territories belonging to them in co ninon
with the Northern States, and declared their
determination to maintain them ; and finding
in the Northern Slates no disposition to abate
their demands, the Convention in which we
are assembled, has been brought together to
take counsel as to the course the Southern
Slates should pursue, f*>r the maintenance of
their rights, liberty and honor.
Such is a brief but imperfect statement of
past transactions; and they force upon us the
question, in whatcondkion do they place the
Southern States? And first, what is their
condition in Congres-,? The time was when
your Representatives in Congress, were nei
ther offered, nor would they endure reproach
?nef T/avef- tfetfrii yMr
reviled most opprobrious 4 epithets on
account of the institution of slavery. If their
spirits are yet unbroken, they must be chilled
by a sense of humiliation at the insults they
daily receive as your representatives. You
are arranged as criminals. Slavery is dragged
into every debate, and Congress has become
little else, than a grand instrument in the
hands of abolitionists to degrade and ruin the
South. Instead of peace and protection, ag
gression and insult on the South characterize
its proceedings and councils. And what is
your condition, with respect to your sister
States? Where is that respect and comity,
which (due from all nations towards each
other) is more especially due fron States
bound together in a confedaracy, and which
was once displayed in all their intercourse ;
instead of respect and sympathy-denunciation
and hostility, on account of your institution of
slavery, have for years past characterized the
communications addressed to you by the
Northern States. And what is your condition
in the Union ? The non-slaveholding Slates
stand combined, not only to wrest from you your
common propertv, but to place upon your
front, the brand of inferiority. You are not to
extend, on account of your institutions, but
they are to increase and multiply, that the
shame and sin of slavery, may by their philan
thropic agency, be extinguished from amongst
you. But the worst feature of your condition
is, that it is progressive. As low and humilia
ting as it now may be. it is destined, if not
arrested, to “ a lower deep.” Every effect is
a cau«e ; and the spirit of fanaticism brooks
no delay in the progress it creates. If you
were to yield every thing the North now re
quires—abolish slavery in the District of Co
lumbia —submit to be legislated pirates for
convey ing slaves from one State to another,
let trial by jury and the writ of habeas corpus,
w’rest from you in the Northern States every
fugitive slave—give up all your territories to
swe‘l Northern arrogance and predominance,
would things stop there ? These are all means
atning at one great end—the abolition of slave
ry in the States. Surrendering one of these
means you will but in influence the power by
which another will be exacted—and when ail
are conquered, will the evil be arrested ? In
fifty years, twenty new non-slaveholding
Slates may be added to the Union, whilst some
which are now slaveholding, may become
non-slaveholding States. There then will be
need as now, openly to put aside the constitu
tion to reach their object If they will deign
lo do it, the non-slaveholding Suites will then
have the power by two thirds in Congress and
three fourths of the States, to amend the
constitution, and then have its express sanction
to consummate their policy. Your condition
is progrt ssive.
11 from the past transactions we have narra
ted, we learn our condition in the Union—
they teach us also that our past policy of non
action and submission to aggression cannot
bring us peace and safety. When the doors
of Congress were thrown open to agitation on
the subject of slavery, if the Southern States
had moved with energy to avert a state of things
unconstitutional itself, and surely tending
to bring the slaveholding and non slaveholding
States into collision—although late, it might
not have been too late to stop subsequent en
croachments upon our rights. But the South
ern Slates were passive ; arid their forbear
ance has had the effect ef_ui3pirjji?lhe Nnuiu* ra
union with them more than we value the in
stitution of slavery, or that we dare not move
from a conscious inabifity to protect ourselves.
You have ungenerously stood s ill whilstyour
supporters and the defenders of the Consti
tution in the Northern States, in their efforts
to protect you from the agitations of slavery hi
Congress, have been politically annihilated or
have turned your foes. You have lamely ac
quiesced—until to hate and persecute the
Soulh, has become a high passport to honor
and power in ’he Union. You have unwisely
stood still, whilst year after year the volume of
anti slavery policy and sympathy has swollen
into unanimity throughout all the non-slave
holding Slates, ami the sections of the Union
now face each other in stern collision. Yon
ha>-e wailed until the Constitution of the U» i
ted States is in danger of being virtually abol
ished—or of becoming what the majority in
Congress think proper to make it. That
great principle on which our system of free
government rests —of so dividing the powers
of Government —that to a common Govern
ment, only those powers shoii d be granted,
which must affect all the people composing it.
equally in their operation —whilst all powers
o* er ail interests local or sectional, should be
reserved to local or sectional governments; is
in dinger of being uprooted from their Con
stitution. Local and sectional interest absorb
the time and business of Congress, and thus,
a sectional despotism, totally irresponsible to
the people of the South—constituted of the
Representatives in Congress from the non
slaveholding States—ignorant of our feelings,
condition and institutions—reigns at Washing
ton. These are the fruits of your past for
bearance ami submission.
If we look into the nature of things, snch
results will not seem to be either new or
strange- There is hut one condition, in
which one people can be safe tinder the do
minion of another people ; and that is when
their interests are entirely identical. Then,
ihe dominant cannot oppress the subject peo
ple, without oppressing themselves. The
identity of interest between them, is the secu
rity for right government. But as this identity
can scarcely ev T exist between any two pen
pie, history bears but one testimony as to the
fate of a subject people. They have always
been compelled to minister to the prosperity
and aggrandizement of their masters If this
his always been the case under the ordinary
difference, of interests and feelings which ex
ist between Slates, how much more certainly
tnusw ihe experience of history ba realized,
between the people of the Northern and South
ern States. Here is a difference of climate
and productions throughout a territory stretch
ing along the whole belt of the temperate
zone affecting the pursuits and chs-acter of
the people inhabiting it- But the great differ
ence—the one great difference —the greatest
which can exist among a people, is the institu
tion of slavery. This alette sets apart the
Southern States as a peculiar people—with
whom independence as to their internal poli
cy is the condition of their existence. They
must rule themselves, or perish. Every colo
ny in the world where African slavery existed
with one exception has been destroyed; and
if this has been the case, under the old and el
fete governments of Europe, will it not pre
vail under the dominion of the restless people
of the Northern States ! They do not prasti
cally recognise the inferiority of the African
to the Caucasian race. They do not realize,
because the circumstances I ©!’ ihtir condition
do not compel them to realize, the itnpos»ibil
ity of an amalgamation between the races
i Exempt from the institution of slavery.it is
not surprising that their sympathies should be
against us, while the dogma on which they pro
fess to build their system of Free government —
the absolute rule of the majority, leave*’ no bar
rier to their power in ihe affairs of the General
Government, and leads them to its consoli
dation. Religion too false or real—fires their
enthusiasm again-t an institution, which many
i of its professors believe to be inconsistent with
its principles and precepts. To expect for
bearance from such a people, under such cir
i cu instances, towards the institution of slavery,
i is manifestly vain. If they have been false to
i the compact made with us in the constitution,
and have allowed passion and prejudice to
master reason, they have only exemplified that
frailty and fahibimy of our nature, which ba*
i produced *he necessity of all governments, and
: which, ifunchecked, ever produces wrong
I The institution of slavery having once en’ered
f the popular mind the non-slavehoiding
- States, for action and control, the restisinev
r liable. 11unrestrained by us,they wtllgoon tin
t til African slavery will be swept from Uie broad
- and fertile South. The nature of things there
-1 fore independent of experience, teaches us that
- theie caa be no safety in submission.
To submit to evils, however great, whilst
, they are endurable, is the disposition of every
1 people—-especially of an agricultural people,
t living apart, and having no association in their
- pursuits. But the responsibility of preserving
il a free government rests with ali ns members,
□ whatever oay be their pursuits, and not alone
i- with those who have the power or die will to
□ destroy it. A minority by submission, may as
g much betray the constitution, as a majority
e by aggression. The constitution does not
d protect a majority ; for they have ail the
ii power of me Governmennn their hand-!
e and can protect themselves. The iimi
e. laiions of a constitution are designed U
1, protect the minority—those who have no pow
it er, against those who have it. Hence tin
t>- great motive and duty of self protection is pe
y collar to a minority, independent of taat fait!
ig | to the constitution which taey owe in commoi
VOL.LXIV- -NEW SERIES VOL.XIV--NO. 26.
i- with the majority. They must protect them
c- selves and protect the constitution ; and if they
n fail in this double duty, they are at least as cnl
:d pahle as those who in aggressing upon their
is rights, overthrow the constitution. And the
is public opinion of the world is in conformity
I- with these views. The oppressor is hated —
k- but the unresistingly oppressed is despised
n More respect follows the tyrant, than the slave
:e who submits to his power. The southern
n States, therefore, although a minority, are not
ir exempt from the responsibility of preserving
h the constitution, aud, in preserving it, to pro
j- tect themselves.
>- In what way shall (hey preserve the conslitu
ir tion and protect themselves ?
As a general rule, it is undoubtedly true,
if that when, in a government like ours a const!
e tution is violated by a majority, who alone
1 can violate it in matters of legislation, it cannot
i be restored to its integrity through the ordinal
ry means of the government, for these means
i being uuder the control of the majority, are
s not available to the minority. It is for this rea
n son that frequent elections of our rulers take
r place in our system of free government, in or
r der that the people, by their direct intervention
3 may change the majority. But this resource
b cannot avail us in the violations of the consti
j tution, which now press and harrass the
i South. By changing their representatives, how
f can the people of the South affect the majority
in Congress and restore the consti uiion ?
f Their Representatives are true ; and havedone
b all that men can do to preserve the constitution
b from the aggressions of the majority. Removing
r them and putting other Representatives
j in Congress could have no effect in restoring
. the constitution. It has been broken by the
i representatives of the people ot the northern
IIJW VX7 arTT-riIT'.TCFCI. “ *—■*» 111 *
i It is clear that the ballot-box in the South it
r powerless for its protection. And the same
i causes which induced the vi lations of thecon
i stitution by the northern majority, prevents its
i restoration to its integrity. Throughout thv
1 northern States, there has been no indication
> of any change tn their policy. On the contra
3 ry, the majority against the South is greater in
a the present Congress than in the last, following
. the usual course ofevery successive election for
3 years past. Nor have we seen in lite action of
s a returning sense of justice to ns, or proof
r of a returning sense of justice to us. or ofreve
, rence for the constitution. Several of them,
i lest false inferences might be drawn as to their
, position, have taken care lately to reiterate in
i the most offensive forms their former declara
; tions against our rights ; and when a great Sen
i ator, representing one of them, anxious for the
f perpetuation of the Union, has ventured to ad
, vocate something ofjustice to the South, he
has been rebuked by the Legislature of the
State he represents, and virtually denounced
for his fidelity to the constitution. This re
■ source then, under the ordinary operations of
the constitution, is of no avail. And how is it
with the present Congress, the only othersource
of redress in the usual administration of the
constitution ? For six months it has been in
session and during this whole period of time
slavery has been the absorbing topic of discus
sion and agitation. Yet nothing has been done
to heal the discontents which so justly exist in
the South, or to restore a bleeding constitu
tion. All we have received has been bitter
denunciations of our institutions by many
members of Congress and threats to coerce us
into submission. Although nothing has been
done, a report has been made in lha Senate
by a committee ofthirteen members, which is
now pending in that body and as the measures
it proposes have been pressed upon the South
as worthy of her acceptance we deem it proper
to lay before you a brief consideration of the
matters it contains.
Thia Report embraces four distinct measures
—-Ist the admission of California as a State,
with the exclusion of slavery in her cinstitu
on. 21. Territorial Governments to be
erected over the territories of Utah and New
Mexico, with nearly one half of Texas to be
added to the latter. 3d. The prohibition of
the slave trade in the District of Columbia;
and 4ih, provisions for the recapture of fugi
tive slaves in the non slaveholding States. To
understand whether these measures are con
sistent with our rights and worthy of our ac
ceptance, each of them must be considered
separately.
The South is excluded by the bill from the
whole of that part of California lying on the
Pacific, including one hundred and fifty thous
and square miles of territory ; and if this I e
done by the legislation of Congress, the mode'
in which it is done, is of no importance. Cali
tomia belongs to the United Sta es, and all ac
tion by the individuals in that territory, wheth
er from the United States or from the
rest of the world, appropriating the soil
to themselves or erecting a government
over it, is of no validity. They constitute a
people in no proper souse of the term ; but
are citizens of the State or countries from
which they have come, and to which they still
owe their allegiance. When therefore Con
gress attempts to carry out and confirm the
acts of these individuals, erecting California
i nto a atatA. rty-- i
passed a law to this effect, without the interven
tion of'these individuals. The exclusion of
slavery from California is done by the act of
Congress, and by no other authority. The <
constitution of California becomes thi act of
Congress ; and die Wilmot Proviso it contains, i
is the Wilmot proviso passed and enforced by
the legislation of Congress. Here then, is that
exclusion from ’.his territory by the act of Con
gress. which almost every southern State in
the Union has declared she would not submit
to, p ainty and practically enforced by this bill.
A free people cannot be satisfied with the mode
inwhicnthey are deprived of their rights; a
sovereign S ate will disdain to inquire in wtiat
manner she is stripped of her properly, and
degraded from an equality with her sister Slates.
11 is enough, that the outrage is done. The
mode is of tittle consequence. There is there
fore in the mode extending the Wilmot proviso
over the territory of California presented by
the bill, nothing to mitigate the indigria'ion of
the southern States, or to baffle their determi
nation to redress the wrong.it inflicted. They
are excluded from the whole Territory of Cal
ifornia, a Territory extensive enough to con
tain four large States.
If the Constitution proposed by California
contained nothing but slavery, would the North
allow her to enter the Union? Such were the
ter r itorial bills proposed for California at the
last Congress, but they rejected hem because
the South was not excluded from this territory
in express terms. The inhaoitants of this ter
ritory, have been left without any civil govern
ment, solely because the South would not con
sent to be legislated out of >bem with her in
stitutions; and now that this object is accom
plished by the Constitution presented by Cali
fornia, these con ervalives—these advocates of
law and order—are eager to admit her, without
riijht or precedent, into the Union. We are
’ . .u„ u
aware of the inconveniences the inhabitants of
California may have suffered for want of a civ
il goveriinent established by Congress ; and
therefore, are prepared to \ield much on ac
count of the circumstances in which they have
been placed.
The next measure is in perfect keeping with
this first feature of “ the report.’ It takes
from Texas, territory sufficient for two large
States, and adds them to New Mexico. What
the bill contains with respect to slavery will be
of little consequence ; for it is designed that
next winter New Mexico thus constituted,
shall follow the example of California, and be
admitted as a Stale with a Constitution exclu
ding slavery from its limits—for without such
exclusion she cannot hope to be admitted by
the non-slavehniding Slates into the Union.
The effect will be that territory, over which
slavery now exists, equal to two States will be
wrested from the South, and will be given up
to the non-slaveholding States. The pretext
is, that there is some doubt as to the bounda
ries of Texas. Texas by her laws when she
was admitted into the Union, had but one
boundary towards the West, and that boundary
was ihe Rio Grande. Congress in the resolu
tions admitting her into the Uuion recognized
this boundary,"by laying down a line of limita
tion between the t'laveho’ding and non-shve
hohliog States —(being the Missouri Comoro
mise line of 36 deg. 30 min. parallel of North
latitude)— through that very part of her terri
tory, her right to which is now questioned.
Her boundary of tne Rio Grande to its source
alone gave her thiscountry ; and was thus re
cognized and ratified by the resolutions of an
nexation. To vindicate this boundary for
Texas, as a member of the Union, the Mexican
war took place ; and in ihe treaiy of Gauda
loupe Hidalgo, it was finally vindicated and
settled, by a clause in the treaty, designating
the Rio Grande as ihe boundary between Mex
ico and the United States. Tnus. by the laws
of Texa«, by the legislation of Congress, and
by a solemn treaty of the United Slates, the
Rio Grande is die western boundary of Texas
Yet the pretension is set tip. that her territory
does not extend t«» within three hnudred miles
of the Miss un Compromise line, where Con
gress in receiving her into the Union deter
mined that her territory should be divided be
tween the slavehold.ng and non-slaveholding
Slates. Texas is the only State in the Union
which has tne solemn guarantee of the Gov
eminent of the United States in every possi
ble form to her boundaries. Yet this is the
Government which disputes them; and under
the pretext that they are very doubtful, pro
poses to take from her nearly one half of her
territory. It is by virtue of such pretensions,
that by the bill two Stales are to be taken from
the southern and given to the northern States;
and this wrong is aggravated by compelling us
I to pay for it, through the Treasury of the
United Stales.
i it is undoubtedly proper, that Texas should
be quieted as to her boundaries ; but she should
be quieted by a law of Congress, plainly ac
Kiiowiedging them, if alter her boundaries
are settled the General Gover ment, to carry
r out the purposes of the constitution, or in good
j faith to fulfil ail the obligations, the annexation
of I’exas to the Union requires, should think
a proper to purchase any territory from Texas,
a me arrangement may be unobjectionable,
s But any arrangement concerning her terriio
y ries, which leaves a shade of doubt as io the
>t right of the people of the South io enter any
e portton >f the Territory, which according
| s the terms of annexation are now free to hem,
- neither Texas nor the General Govern men
O have any right to make. f.,e term, ol an
nexatton constitute the compact of Uuion, tie
,e tween Texas and the other States of .he con
e- federacy ; and this compact secures trrevoca-
Ih bly to the people of tne siaveho ding States
m the right of entering with their property a.l ner
- territory lying xouih of 36° 30' north latitude
y —whilst from all her territory lying north of
- that line, they are excluded. The bill in the
r Senate make. no provision for carrying out
s these terms of the compact, but leave. in
< doubt the right of the Southern people,
- throughout all the territory proposed to be
puichased ; whilst msfny who support the bill
; declare that in effect it excludes entirely the
i people of the Southern Slates from aII the
t territory purchased. The least evil therefore
> the bill can bring to the Southern States on en
. tering it, will be contention, harrasament and
litigation.
But yon will have a very inadequate concep
tion of the importance of the territory taken
from Texas by the bill, if you confine your
views to Texas. If you will look at the map
of the United States, you will perceive that the
i territory proposed to be surrendered by Texas
i lies throughout its whole extent along the wes
i tern frontier of the Indian territory. This io
now a slaveholding country ; and must be con
sidered as a part of the South. Place along
their w hole western boundary two non slave
holding Stales, and how long will the Indians
be able to maintain the institution of slavery T
If the agency of Congress is not used to
abolish directly slavery in the Indian territory,
this end can be easily accomplished by the very
means now in operation against slavery in the
southern States, which the Indian will have
but little power to resist. The effect will be,
that ti e Indian territory, large enough for two
will be controlled by the non-
S ates. Tims by these two points
the South l< se four large
■^SMplifornia—two tn Texas and two in
the iWn territory. Nor is this all. The
non-slaveholding Slates will be brought to he
as on her whole northern and western frontier.
Phus the southern States will be hemmed in
by the non-siaveholdiug States on their whole
western border—a policy which they have de
clared essential to tlieend of abolishing slavery
in the southern States. What can compensate
the South for such enormous wrong and spoli
ation 7
But this is not the end of your concessions
by this report. We must not only y ield to the
interests, but to the prejudices of the northern
people. Slavery existed in the District of Co
lumbia when Congress accepted the cession of
the territory composing it from the States of
Maryland and Virginia. No one can suppose
that Maryland and Virginia, slaveholding
States then and s’aveholdmg States now, could
have designed to give Congress any power
over the institution of slavery in this territory.
Independently of the wrong to the people of
the District, to emancipate theirslaves, it would
be an intolerable evil to have a District between
them, where emancipation prevails by the au
thority of Congress. Congress, in the bill re
ported as a part of the so called compromise,
now begins the work of the emancipation by
declaring that if any slave is brought into the
District for sale, he shall be “liberated and
free?' If a slave is liberated because he is
brought into the District, the nex f step, to libe
rate him because he is in the District, is not
difficult. The power to emancipate the slaves
in the District of Columbia is thus claimed and
exercised by Congress. Many of the ablest
men of the South have denied that Congress
possesses any such power, whilst all agreed,
until lately, that for Congress to interfere with
this institution, whilst slavery existed in Mary
land and Virginia, would be a gross breach nf
faith towards those States, and an outrage
upon the whole South, flow long will that
acility which yields to the prejudice against
she buying and selling of slaves be able to re
sist the greater prejudice which exists against
the holdingof slaves at all in the of
Columbia 7
For all these sacrifices to the interests and
prejudice of the people of the North, the South
is tendered the last measure oflhe compromise
the fugitive slave bill as they propose to
amend it. To understand the extent of
the concession the South receives on this
point, ne must look to the rights the con
constitution confers.
The framers of the constitution were perfect
ly aware that the General Government could
have but little power to secure to them their
fugitive slaves in the non-slaveholding States.
The whole internal police of a State, must be
under the control of the States, and by this
ch t fly could slaves be recaptured. The Con
stitution therefore, not relying on the legisla
tion of Congress alone, requires that a fugi
tive slave escaping into a non-slaveholding
State, shall be *• delivered upon claim of the
party"’ to whom he belongs. Fugitive slaves
are put on the footing of fugitive criminals,'and
are to be delivered up by the Slate authorities.
If these authorities do not enforce the require
ments of the Constitution, and aid in the re
capture and recovery of fugitive slaves, Con
greNa can do but little to enforce them- The
bill providing for the co-operation of the few
officers of the United Sta’es Government in a
Stale, is practically quite insufficient io accom
plish its 8t rn. “ Vvbat call luwy uu ill audrt < .
State in Pennsylvania. , .filritiYft
HO, Uy legislation, io enforce the Constitution
it only does its duty to .he South. There can
be no concession or favor to the South, in giv
ing her only whai she has a right to have un
der the constitution—unless, indeed the Con
stitution for her has no existence. The bill
then, is, in the first place, quite inadequate to
restore to us our fugitive slaves, and in the
second place, gives the South nothing but
what she is entitled to. If this was all, there
would be nothing in the bill for which we
would concede anything to the North. But it
is not all. Under the pretext of bestowing on
us a benefit, it perpetrates a usurpation on the
reserved rights of the States. Il provides that
a slave may arraign his master by the authority
of laws made by Congress, before the courts
ofthe States to try his right to his freedom.
If Congress can legislate at all between the
master and slave in a state, where can its pow
er be stayed ? Il can abolish slavery in the
States. Thus a power is assumed in the bill
which virtually extends the jurisdiction of Con
gress over slavery in the States. And this is a
benefit to the South I Under guise of a ben
efit. the bill is useless as a remedy—and worse
than useless in its usurpations. Such are the
various measures which constitute Ibis com
promise.
We do not believe that many of those in th#
South who at an early day expressed a wil
lingness to support it. had well considered ii»
import or even contemplated it without materi
al amendment We fully appreciate and duly
honor the motives of those who would restore
tranquility to the country, for shall we impugn
in any form those who have assis ed to frame
or who have yielded a support to the measures.
Why the non-slaveholdiog States do not sup
port these measures, we are unable to under
stand, unless it be that a haughty fanaticism,
inflated with success disdains accomplishing
its objects by indirection, if these measures,
however were teslly a compromise tn which
the South had equal gains with the North, it
would be of doubtful expediency fur the
South to propose it. Three times tn Congress
during this controversy, the South has pro
posed the Missouri Compromise, which has
been three times rejected by the North.
Twice she has proposed a compromise by
which she has consented to leave it to the courts
of the United States to determine ner rights.
Instead of requiring eternlv their recognition
by Congress, fifteen sovereign S ates have
consented to be carried into the courts of the
country, and there to submit their rights in a
territory belonging to them, to their final arbi
trament. Their humiliation did not win the
respect or confidence of the North and the
proposition was twice rejected.
The South, in our opinion, might except one
othtr compromise, not because it is co-exten
sive with her rights, but because it has been
twice sanctioned by those who have gone before
us. Ifthe North offers the M ssouri Compro
mise, to extend to the Pacific Ocean, the South
cannot reject it. provided a distinct recogni
tion of our right to enter the territory south of
36° 30* north latitude is expressed in the com
promise. We should take this line, as a par
ticular line between the two sections of the
Union, and beside this, nothing but what the
Constitution bestows. Although the North,
ern States would acquire by this compromise
three fourths of our vacant territory, they will
have renounced the insufferable pretension of
restricting and nrevenling the extension of ths
South, whilst they should extend indefinitely.
Having thus, fellow citizens, laid before you
a statement of your condition your rights
and the remedy which under present circum
stances. you should accept, we leave you a
brief ppace of time.
ii i« ptoper Jo State to yon that while we
are uhttuimous in approving the resolutions,
which accompany this address, me Delegates
to min Cooventior not entirely unanimous in
approving all the arguments contained in it,
particularly such a* relate to the compromise
bill pending in the United Stats*Senate,though
none are in favor of that unleSß it be amended
in conformity with our re*o uti#U*, or in such
maeneras shall substantially secure to the
South the rights averted in them.
Until Congress adjourns, we eannnt know
what it will do, or will fail Vo d*-. We must
therefore meet again after its eijournment, to
consider the final condition in which it will
leave you. We recommend to you and ex
hort you to send Delegates fiosn every coun
ty and district in the Southern States to meet
us when we again assemble. It is no ordina
ry occasion which has assembled us toeeiher.
The Constitution and the Union it created, so
long dear to your hearts, are to be preserved,
and your liberties and your institutions main
tained.
Senator Dawson slaying Hale.— The cor
respondent of the Philadelphia liutlelin thus
speaks of the late passage at arms between Mr.
Dawson, of this State, and Hale, the abolition
1 Senator:
Mr. Hale succeeded to the floor, to reply to
[ Mr Dawson for his attack upon himself on
’ Friday las.; and in a speech remarkable for its
bitterness, retorted upon the Georgia Senator
with imerest. But Mr. Dawson had used strata
; gem. He had avoided a d rect assault, and
> iike a skillful general, masked his batteries un
til the enemy his flank, when he charg
-1 fe d wi ll a full binad s.de and swept the field
m-fore bun He w .u.d nnul Mr. 1 HI. exh.u.-
te d ni. lupie, When be coolly uorol.ed a pack
a 1.- of collated ooc itnenu, ami commenced a
' H.’a pol.t cal conduct from I ..
»e.r jd33, down to the present period. It w«»
‘ in incouuovert.b;. hiawry, and ene Ualpra-