Newspaper Page Text
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|X SENA! 11 r'hß. 6 1
The Chair laid before the Senate a meinu c
rial from Rev R. R Gjr'ey, asking for pnblio I ,
uocun.sn &c- for«»« »**>«-• «'•<•»>«•«• ' ,
Mr. M«son, from the couiiui ... u i i us'” t
affairs, reported adversely upon the propu i . (
to change the contract for constructing a dry a
dock in California.
Mr. Gwin gave notice for a bill for a branch c
mint in California. «
Air. Atchison called up a bill granting the
right of way and a donation of public lands
to Misaouri to aid in the construction of a
railroad from Hannibal to St. Joseph’s in that -
State. And the bill was ordered to be en
,r The < bill from the Hooee reducing the rates
of postage was made the special order for
Monday next.
The Senate then took np the bill to make j
good to Missouri the two per cent, fund reser- £
ved on the sales of the public lands in that f
State. . i
Mr- Clay addressed the Senate in opposi
tien to the bill. He proceeded to show that (
the Government had constructed the Cumber
land road on the pledge of being reimbursed ,
by the <wo per cent fund received 'r°™ ,
sale of public lands in Ohi.i, Indiana, Illinois
■nd Missouri—that the amount derived by the
Government was $1 300.000. and the expendi
tures $5,800 000 ; that the Government had,
in constructing the road, so far as made through
Illinois, done so on the grant of this two per
cent fund of Missouri, and that this part of
the read cost the Government three times
■a much so the whole reserved for Missouri.
Mr. Benton replied, contending that the
compact was to make a road “ to ” Missouri;
that had not been done, the condition on
which Missouri had yielded the two per cent
had not been fulfilled, and she was therefore
entit ad to receive the fund.
Messrs. Clay and Benton continued the de
bate, and the ques'ion being taken on engross
ing the bill, it was rejected—yeas 14, nays 31.
The bill relative to private land claims in
California was taken up
Mr. Benton moved it be recommitted with
several instructions, which motion was reject
ed —yeas 8, nays 30. The bill was then passed
Adjourned.
HOUSE.
IV ,, One or two bills relating to Oregon and
Mlnesota were taken up, and reserved for the
consideration of the Hoose.
A bill for paving Dr Burnside $2,000, as
messenger from Utah, praying for us adm.s
■ion aa a Territory of the United States, was
then reported by the Clerk.
It appears that about $3 500 had already
been paid to Mr. Babbitt for his altendance last
session, and for bringing on a constitution,
which the House did not recognise; the com
mittee refused to recommend the bill to 'he
Hama.
The committee then rose, and the bills that
were recommended were passed by the
Hooee.
The consideration of the report of the com
mittee relative to the delegate from New Mex
ico was then made the order of the day for
Monday next
The reports of committees were then called
for; and bills reported by the committee on
military affaire were taken up and disposed of.
Among otbera was a joint resolution reported
by Mr. King, of N. York, for the purpose es
fixing compensation to be paid to officers and
others for receiving and disbursing contribu
tions daring the Mexican war.
This was opposed by Mr. Thomas, of Tenn.,
as being at variance with the rules of the
service.
It was moved to lay the bill on the table ;
and the ayes and nays being taken, the motion
was lost—-there being 72 in favor and 75
against it.
The bill was then referred to the Committee
ol the state of the Union, and ordered to be
printed.
A bill to reimburse certain States for expen
see incurred daring the late war, was nega
tived without a division.
The House then adjuarned
IN SENATE .Fbb. 7.
Mr. Seward presented two petitions from
New York praying the repeal of the Fugitive
Slave Law. Laid on the table.
Mr. Winthrop said that he had received on
Wednesday last from the Secretary of the
Common wealth of Massachusetts. a certifies-e
of the election of Hon. Robert Rantoul, Jr.,
to a seat in the Senate till March 4th
The Secretary instructed him either to pre
sent it to the Senate or hand it to Mr Ran
toul on his arrival at the Seat us Government
Mr R. not having arrived, he was unwilling
te retain his »eat by the act of his own discre
tion. He therefore presented the credentials,
thereby understanding that according to the
report of the Judiciary Committee, the office of
the sitting member was terminated. Mr. W.
then retired.
Mr. Clay raised the question of privilege
and urged the right of Mr. Winthrop *o retain
his seat till there was evidence of Mr. Ran-
teal’s acceptance.
Mr. Davie, of Man., offered a resolution
d-claring that Mr. Winthrop was entitled to
t ■. seat till Mr. Rantoul appeared to take the
j .jce.
Mr. Butler contended that the credentials
being presented to the Senate, an accep
taoae of the office by the person elected was
to be presumed,and therefore the vacency had
been filled as provided for by the legislature.
Mr. Winthrop's right had terminated.
Mr. Davis, of Mara., followed in opposition,
contending that the vacancy was not filled till
the person chosen was qualified, &c.
Mr. Rhett contended 'hat the senators ap
pointed by the governor, to fill vacancisu had
no right to seats after the meeting of iHwlegis
lature whose duty it was to fill the vacancy.
Mr. Clay replied, contending that no election
was compleied till the person chosen accepted
the office. There being no evidence that Mr.
Rantoul bad accepted the office, lie urged that
Mr. Winthrop’s right continued.
Mt. King said that under the precedents
Senators appointed by execuuve authority had
a right to hold their seats till the vacancy was
filled by the legislature, or until the Legisla
ture adjourned. The credentials now submit
tad showed the Legislature bad filled the va
cancy ; the Senate had nothiug to do with the
acceptance by the person chosen.
Mr. Hale said that Massachusetts had certi
fied to the Senate, that tbe vacancy had been
filled by the L-gislature ; the Senate had no
right to say to Massachusetts ihatshe bad not
dona so.
Mr. Rhett repeated his views, and offered a
resolution declaring that seats of Senators ap
pointed by Executive authority were vacated
by the assembling of the legislature whose duly
it was to fill the vacancy.
Tbe debate was continued, Messrs Borland.
Khali and Berrien, sustaining the position of
Mr. Rhett’s resolution; Messrs Butler, Downs
Bradbury, Walker, Seward aud Underwood
the position that Senators appointed by the
Governors, had a right to occupy their seals till
the Legislature filled ihe vacancy ; and tha' the
presentation of the credentials was evidence
to the Senate that the vacancy was filled.
Messrs. Rusk, Clay and Davis, of Mass., con
tending that such a vacancy was not filled till
the person chosen by the Le.iala ure should
signify bis acceptance of tbe office.
A motion made to lay the subject on the
table was rejected, yeas 22, nays2s.
And without any vote, the Senate adjouru-
HOUSE.
The House resolved itself into a couimit'ee
of the Whole on the state of the Union, on the
special order, for the consideration of the Bill
received from the Senate for establishing a
Board of Accounts. Mr. McLane, of Mary
land in the Chair.
Ths bill as it came from the Senate, gave to
the commissioners S4OOO per annum, and
made ihe tarm of service of the chief officers
four and six years in the first instance—after
which it would be twelve.
The Report of the committee on the Judici
ary to which the bill had been referred, was
then read ; recommending that the salaries of
the Commissioners should be fixed at $2500
instead of S4OOO, and determining the period
of service to be six years instead of twelve
Mr. Meade, of Virginia, moved a subeiitute,
which as he axpla ned it, limits the esietenee
of the Board of Accounts itself to four years—
it being an experiment which was about to be
tried, and provides sufficient guards against
eorrupuon and above of power, rba decisions
of the commiasiuners from time to time, and
their reports enabling the House to judge ac
curately as to the merits of the claims that
were to be adjudicated upon.
Mr- Daniels, of North Carolina, submitted a
bill i> amendment.
Mr. Nelson, of New York, referred to sta
tistical stalemenu to show, that of the claims
that have been presented to Congress during
the last ten years, not one-twenty-fourth have
been anted upon; and that the number thus re
maining undetermined is 9.256 It must be
evident, he said, that the House of Represen
lavies is an unsafe and ineonsieten- tribunal
for the adjudication of such claims as are pre
sented; and oonsequeu ly it becomes neces
sary tnat a Board of Accounts should be es
tablished.
Mr Thomas, of Tennessee, called the atten
tion of the Committee to the Report, with le
ference lathe action of the Board of Claims,
which was established immediately after the
war with Great Brimin. which exhibited a man
of fraud, unparalleled perhaps in any country.
As to claims that remained undetermined, he
remarked, that those never die. but every
session acquire additional fo T ce. The claims
presented to Congress, were those of which
tbe law cannot lake cognizance, and to which
they can afford no relief. He reviewed the
duties to be performed by the Commissioners,
from which be inferred that they were mere
ly to report facts, upon which the House after
w °uld have to determine He thought all
the prwposiiions before the committee should
be rejected; and would not agree toanymea
suie which did not provide for a court of eom
peteutauthoniy to take evidence iu the vicin
age ot the localises of the claimants, to bo af
terwards -opened lo Congress
Mr v enable contended tnat tne mailers re
lerredto byrhe g.atl.uwn Irom Tennessee,
did notatiaeb to the eo l n<n„ SH)oers . and „„
mapplicabl. to the bdl uocer cons.der.ftoo
He was disposed to give claim, that were pre-
• *«ir mvesngatiori. and that they
should be met according to 'heir relative merits
and spoke warmly iu favor of the proposed
Board, which if it should be composed of three
properly qualified chancellors, would be much
better able to arrive at a right decision than
•I’y eemmittee which could be appointed by
the House. And as to the supp. sitien that
mree he neat men eould not be found, righdv
M decide upon Haims that come before them
MUStrf’T.L" * d r'“ U ’“** ,h * P>« Os «>«
fartherS not
• Cotum »f
the Whole .when Mr. McLean, of Ke muck,
addressed the Committee wn. „,d. f tola
being averse te the oatahh.bment of the Board
of Accounts, be was now m favor of the
meaaerv, as he was satisfied tha- a poor and
hoerat man would stand a better chance before
seek a tribunal than by a discussion of Coi
gross; which is about the last p ace. be mid.
where be sboeld come to look lor justice, o»
>? : <• r t l ** ts tie • -bli.t ’
o ■ . ugle n.viiiber-*v.4»4 defc. t lie
considerai on of an enure ciass of claims. He
therefore viewed the establishment of the pro
posed board, not only as an act of justice,
hut as one of economy, both of time and
money, and was satisfied that Congress should
appoint a Board of Accounts.
Half-past three having arrived, the Com
mittee rose and tho House adjourned.
THE JCPiCIRY.
From Columbus Enquirer.
Supreme Court.
illtnutas of Points of Law Decided at Talbot
ton—January Term. 1851.
Brooks ts. Ashburn : from Macon — l. Ths
Judiciary Act of 1799, requiring the answer
of defendant plainly and diatinctly to set forth
rhe defence relied on, supercedes the provis
ions of the Patrol Laws of 17C5 and 1770,
authorising any defence to be given in evidence
under he genaral '.sue.
2- Waero two or more patrollers, enter up
on precises for the purpose us disbanding
slaves eelloeted together, and one of them,
witheat Ao knowledge, tonsent or counte
nance of the others, acts in excess of his law
ful authority as a patroller, whereby damage
accruestotho owner of ihe slaves, he alone is
liable lor such damage, and the others cannot
be sued as co-trespassere.
3. Where interrogatories are sued out for a
witness on the ground of his being •• unable
to attend Court from bodily infirmity,” and it
appears to the Court that at the lime the com
mission was sued out and executed, the witness
was actually in attendance upon the Court;
the depoai ions are inadtussible, althogh at the
time they were offered in evidence the witness
wag unable to attend, from bodily indisposi
tion.
3. Miller and Hunter, for Plaintiff in Er
ror—L. 3. Smith, for Defendant
Hoadly vs Bliss’, from Early— l. Where
to avoid the statute of limitations, a new prom
ise is alleged; to prove which, a letter from
defendant, purporting to enclose a sum of
money, (without specifying th. debt on the
same is to bo credited) is given in evidence;
other letters, written pner to this, and at a
tune teo-rsmote to Inka thfT'case out of the
Stalute. enclosingothjer sums to be credited
on the debi sued inadmissible in evi
deuce. 2 Where a note is made payable at
a chartered Bank, demand and notice aro ne
cessary , in order to charge the indorser; such
a note is not included in the provisions of the
Act of 1826. dispensing with notice to indor
-1 sere in certain cases. Downing for Plain'll!
in Error—McDougald and Carithers for De
fendant.
Durham ex. The State: from Dooly— l.
When a defendant demands a trial at the Term
at which the indictment is found, and at the
next term thereafter, when the case was called
and the defendant announced ready, the So
licitor General, entered a not, proitqui; and
then prefered a new bill, upon which the de
fendant announced ready, and demanded a
trial, which was refused by the State ! held,that
the defendant was entitled under the Statute to
a judgment of discharge, from the offence
charged in the indictment. S. T. Bailey and
Harris for Plaintiff io Error —B. Hill, fer De
fendant in Error.
Harrison, el at os. Thornton : from Sumter. —
1. A return by the Sheriff, on an execution that
a levy ‘was sold for $lO6 and was paid to costs,’
is indefinite and insufficient. The return of
the Sheriff should specify what costs are due,
and upon what Ji. fat, and how much to each
fi fu* 2. It is error in tbe Court in iu
cnarge to the Jury; to instruct them on facta
if there is no proof. B. Hill, representing
Sullivan & Brown, for Plaintiff— H. Holt re
presenting Dudley and Crawford for Defend
ant. |
Gov for the use. See. vs. Howard el. al :
irom Bake/.— l. The fact that a Sheriff’s
Bond is given more than Atrty days a r ier his
election is pr ; na Joels evidence, that the office
is vacated under tne Statute* but Lie delay is
open to explanation by proof on the part vs
the Sheriff that it did not arise from his ne
glect. 2 The >act that a Sheriff’s Bund is
attested by only two of the Justices of the
Inferior Court, does not necessarily exclude
other proof, that the Boud was approved by
a majority of the Court. 3. A Sheriff’s Bond
is good, although in the condition thereto, he
is not in express terms bound for the ac.s of
his deputy The law makes him ho liable as
a part of bis duties as Sheriff. 4. And this is
true, although the Bond may be a voluntary
and not a statutory boud S. T Bailey aud
B Hill, for Plaintiff in Error—J. B. Hines,
for Defendant.
Cleghorn vs. The insurance Bank, ftc : from
Baker.— l Tbe principle that joint creditors
have a priority of lien in equity, upon the
copartnership effects, and separate creditors
upon separate effects in the distribution of as
sets, does not apply al law; where the credi
tor is pursuing his lieu under his fifa, without
asking the interposition of a Court of Equity.
R. K. Hines, Jr. for Plaintiff iu Error—Carith
ers and McDougald for Defendant.
Ellis vs. Frances : from Sumter.— l. An
entry on afi fa, by a magistrate for a con
stable, in bis name, by his direction, and in
his piesence, is val.d as the act of the con
stable. 2 Where it appears to the Court at
any time during the progress of a cause that
one of the part es is dead, and unrepresented ;
it is tbe duty of the Court to arrest the pro
ceedings until parties are made. B. Hill, for
Plaintiff ui Error—J. B Hines, for Defendant.
Flynt and Wife, vs. Hackett: from Harris
—1 A refusal by a Trustee to settle with the
criftti que trust, alleging that the latter had
been paid, is not such a repudiation of the
trust, as would cause the statute of limitations
io commence running. 2. The saving in the
Statute in favor of feme coverts, applies to
cases brought by the husband, for the benefit
of the wife, during the coverture. 11 Holt
and B. Hill, for Plaintiff in Error—lngram for
Defendant.
'The State ex. rel. Strange vs. Bell : from
Marion —l. Where by an Act of the Legis
lature Commissioners were appointed, to as
seas the depreciation to property, caused by (he
removal of a county site, and requiring them
to give certificates thereof to the property
owners, which were made debts upon the
county Trea-ury ; held that the county Treas
urercannut resist (he payment of one of these
certificates, on (he ground that, it was not is
sued to the proper owner. 2. When a statute
requires certain duties of public nature (0 be
performed by a definite number of individ
uals, a muj >rily may act without tbe co-opera
non of tna others. Hill and Worrel for
Strange—Benning for Bell.
Lowe vs. Murphy: from Harris.— l. An
acknowledgement iu writing, that a certain
sum was due aud unpaid to another parson
for “ the price of a lanyard and the amount
of a lost promissory note,” is u due bill, ai d
may be declared on as such. H. Holt, fur
Piaintiffiu Error —Benning for Defendant.
Parham vs. The Justices, fat.: from Deca
tur— l. The statute of 1799 ; authorising the
Inferior Court to open new public Roads over
the unenclosed lands of a citizen is unconstitu
tional, becase it makes no prevision for com
pensating the citizen fer the private properly
taken for public use.
2- Otherwise as io enclosed lands, as the stat
ute makes provision far compensation iu such
cases. 8. T- Bailey for Plaintiff in Error—B.
Hili, representn g Law & Sims for Defendant.
Harrison vs Youny; from Randolph— l A
grant from the Btate to a tract of land lying
on a river or o'her stream, does not convey
the right of Public Ferriage. 2. Such a grant
does convey the right of private Ferriage, as
an appurtenance to the fee. 3. Where evi
dence is admitted to (he Jury without objection,
aud no motion is made to withdraw the same
from the Jury, on the ground of its being ille
gal; it is not competent to request the Court
to charge the Jury, that the same is illegal
and ot to be connsidered by them
4 In estimating the value ot the land taken
for the abutment of a bridge, for the purpose
ot ascertaining tbe damage done to the owner
of tbe land, it is competent for the owner to
give in evidence ; the adaptation of the laud to
bridge site—or for any other legi imate pur
pose with a view to mcrea«e (he damage.—
5 It is also ■ >mpeteut nv consider the own
er’s right o? private Ferriage in estimating the
damage done—but not to consider such dam
age as enhanced by the public franchise. Ben
ning for Plaintiff in Error—H. Holl fer De
fondant.
Ths Tardl amendment to the deficiency
bill, offered not long since by Mr. Strong, is
supposed by some to have failed because it did
not include the cotton manulacturing interest.
A coi respondent of the New York Journal of
commerce says hatthevoteon that amend
ment affords no test of the strength of the Tar
iff interest.
How far this opinion may be well founded
we know not. It may, however, be assumed
as a clear thing that any poiuted preference of
certain industrial interests to the exclusion of
oth rs having equal claims to consideration,
will not be likely to aid in the concentration
of all the strength that might, under other cir
cumstances, be brought to bear upon a fair
modification of die Tar.ff.
The following statement of the amount of
dry goods imported at New York within the
rnjnth just closed, compared with the imports
ot like goods in the corresponding months of
the two preceding years, will show that iin
portations in those articles, as well as in others
are increasing to a degree which calls for cau
tion and self-protection. The statement sub
joined was compiled for the Journal of Com
merce from statistics furnished from the official
entries at the Custom House :
/>ry (roods entered for cv.sump lion at ike port
of Nev Yoe k during the month cd January.
1849. 1850. 1851.
Manuf. of Wwl.s4Bo 59l $1,585 $1.6t0.09S
Ox Cotten, 1,108.448 1.774.838 1.841441
l»o. SUk,-...2,19S 750 2.061,815 4,032 002
IkFfav- 402 275 1,055,755 692,138
Miscellaneous,— 3SI.SSI 270.898 540 21'4
T0ta154,569,945 $6 748,492 $8,707,883
Withdrawn from Warehouses during the same
1849. 1850. 1851.
MauuC.ff Wool,-$2 >0.451 $94 513 $105,827
IV. Cociou... 261 3?5 190.243 254 .'24
Ikx *iik. 262,263 149 029 106 370
Do. ... 88.817 40 889 109 935
Miscellaneous.. 51,252 26031 53.950
T0ta1,5874,108 $500,705 $630,306
Add entered for
Coneamp i0n,.4 569 945 6 743,492 8,707.883
Total thrown up-
on mar’ $5 444
Tota No. of pkgs .0.153 2., 234 28.920
The fact that the balance of trade is against
us. as indicated by the rates of foreign ex
change and by the exportation of specie, be*
c uirs especially alarming from its connection
with another fact: that an indebtedness of
some hundred and ficy mi loos of dollars, rep
r* »nted bv s ocks and bonds of various kinds
’’read* stands against us in Europe. Fur (hi
large amount w men has *el o be paid we
have receded f. reus manufactures ; and ill
the debt shou>d have to be made good tn ape- |
mo, or if the stocks repreaeuuug it should be *
sent over for sale in our market, the most dis
astrous effects upon currency and prices
would inevitably follow There is yet time
for Congress to avert this prospective revul
sion—which may be done by such a modifica
tion of the Tariff as will check inordinate im
po/tations and give a reactive energy to home
production.
THS WEEKLY
CHRONICLE <fc BENTIXEL
BY WILLIAM 8. JONBF.
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WEDNESDAY MORNING ...-FEB, IS,
TRAVELLING AGENT.
Mr J D. Wills is the Traveling Agent for
this paper and iIieSouTHBRN Cultivator; and our
friends will much oblige us by rendering him any
assistance in their power towards increasing the cir
culation of the Chroniclb & Sentinel and South
er n Cultivator.
TO POSTMASTERS.
In ordering a paper changed from one post
office to another, you should always be par
ticular to designs'© te what past office the
paper has been previously sent
And in returning papers to the publishers,
you should never fail to mark the name of the
post office from which they are returned.
The observance of these two things on the
part of postmasters, will save publishers much
(rouble in looking over long lists of names to
find the right one.
ty Will our subscribers show this para
graph to jieir postmasters, andask them to re
collect it. "
H. B Guathmet of New Orleans, we perceive
by the Columbus Times, has prepared a defence of
himself against the charge of circulating false infor
mation in Europe, during the last summer, in regard
to tho extent oi the present Cot on Crop, by which
the value of the staple is said to have been materially
affected in the European markets. Mr. G. has ac
quired an unenviable notoriety, and his assurances
to the Manchester spinners, that the crop would ex
ceed 2,600.000 bales, indicate a reckiesuess of as
sertion, for which ills difficult to account, particular
ly when the fact is known that he left America in
July, when all the accounts represented the pros
pect of the growing crop unfavorable for an average
one. He has certainly volunteered to assume a
heavy responsibility, from which he will find it diffi
cult toescape with honor.
The above paragraph, which appeared in
the Chronicle 8f Sentinel of the 30th October
last, seems to have given Mr. Guathmey
very great eoneern, and he has been very
desirous that his defence, which appeared in
the Columbus Times, should be published
in this journal. We should have published
the defence when it appeared, but tha we
considered it such a lame and impotent effort
to escape the ignominy attaching to what we
regarded a very grave offence, (that of trying
to tffectihe value of the great American sta
pie in a Foreign Market ) and that his state
ments, as to what he did say, were positively
contradicted by private letters from a Liverpool
house of high character, which came under
our observation. That his defence was un
worthy of credence, and that he officiously
thrust bis declarations of a very large
CoVan crop (2 800,000 bales) upon the
English Cution dealers and spinners, to the
great prejudice oi planters and holders in this
country, we did not then, aad do nut now
entertain a doubt. Hence we did not publish
his defence then, and only do it now to place
him fairly before our readers, that he may
have no cause of complaint.
That he was guil’y of ail charged upon him,
was abundantly established by the concurrent
testimony of Liverpool houses us unquestion
ed character and veracity, and that he still
persists in his efforts to make the impression
that a large crop has been grown, his own cir
culars und letters afford the proof. Indeed, it
is only by the last Liverpool steamer that a pri
vate letter was received in this city staling, it
was reported, that Mr. Guathmey had sought
so industriously to persuade the Manchester
spinners, that a large crop had been made,
‘•that ho had offered to till all orders, free of
commission, if the crop fell short of 2,400,000
bales.” If this be true, it certainly evinces a
degree of recklessness bordering upon mono-
Manin.
That Mr. Guathmey, in common with every
other man, may entertain and express his
upiuiutia in reference io th® extent of the crop,
no one will deny. But that he should go to
Europe, and there in the great cotton marts
of the world, officiously thrust his opinions upon
dealers und spinners, and even at this late day
persist in it, to he extent to which be ischarged,
to the prejudice, if not positive injury of the
great cotton growing interest, is in our opinion
highly censurable, and will secure for him an
unenviable notoriety.
From the N. Y. Courier p Enquirer, \§th inst.
Richmond Co., Va , Nov. 11 # 1850.
Gentlemen : Jxwn after my return to this* place in
October last, from England, several copies ot the en
closed letter dated Liverpool, Au<uet 30, 1850, were
sent to me by a fiiend at (he South, and as ir con
tained false charges against tin, I wrote to the editors
of the Times to furnish me with the names of the
writers.
hi reply, they stared (bar the letter had been fur
nished to them by Mr J. E Bavin, but that he de
clined surrendering (he names of the writers.
I accordingly addressed to the editors t..e commu
nication herewith, Hand October 13ih, which thev
have kindly published, and sent me several copies of
their paper containing it.
The aiock made upon me in the Liverpool letter,
aud which I think bears evidence of its emanation
from * low and vmgar mind, is by noinean-< the only
one originating theia —nor is it the m »st offensive ;
and I have been subjected to such attacks, because I
have expressed opinions which I honest I v entertain*
ed and which I suit believe, very confidcnily, will
be sustained by the result. And in o <ler that they
may not be misun lerstood or misrepresented, I to
say, that, making allowance fur some injury to die
crop by frost io October, I think it will amount to
2.50U.000 bales.
You will please publish this communication, tha'
to tile editors of the Tunes, and tbe Liverpool letter of
the 30th iu connection. Years, very respectfully,
H. B. Gwathmey.
The Columbus (Ga.) Times is indebted to a com
mercial friend for the following extract of a letter per
tbe Asia, dated—
Livkbpool, Aug. 30, 1850.
We have no siles to advise since tbe dale of our
fas , owing to the continued depression in our cut'cn
market; we have bad a dull stupid week, and prices
are |d. lower than on the 23d inat. There is a man
here by the name of H. B Gwa'hmey, from New
Orleans, and he is most eloquent on the subject of cot
ton ; he says, and there are many who are foolish
enough to believe him, that tbe crop will be from 27
a 2.HUO 000 bales ; be is going through Manchester
and tbe manufacturing districts, also to Glasgow,
making, as we consider, these ridiculous statement*.
They are, however, producing their effect, and many
b ive actually forced their cottons on the market.
Not believing one wor of this man’s statement, we,
of course, are doing nothing iu the way of sales dur
ing th® present depression. We continue firm in the
vpiuiun our maiket will rally again after a little while.
Richmond, Oct. 18. 1850.
Messrs. Forsyth, Edis 4* C 0., Columbus Ga.:
Dear Sirs—l Lave received this morning your favor
of the I4tb, and you ha<s dune, in reference to tbe
Liverpool letter, all that devolved on you. but I re
gret that Mr. Davis should withhold the name of the
writer of the letter m question. I presume that 1
should be fully warranted in treating him as the au
thor of it; but as i atn satisfied that it is not a fabri
cation. 1 »io not think proper to adopt that course. It
is utterly false that 1 said the crop will “ be 2,700,-
000 a 2,b00,000 bales*’—or that (unie**g un occasiuaal
visit to Manchester can be so construed) 1 went
through dre diatnets. 1 did visit Glasgow and re
main there three days, and there, as else where, when
asked, I gave my views as to the growing crop of
oottoe, and as I have been so recklessly tnisr^-present
ed, perhaps you will do me the favor of publishing
; his letter.
When I arrived at Liverpocl, near the eud ot Ju
ly, there was great excitement in tha oolUn market,
and the generally prevailing opinion was, that
under no circumstances, however favorable, could
the crop materially, if at all, exceed that of 1849,
and that it would probably be short of tbit crop.—
Much stress was laid on tbe alleged fact, that the
latter part of the season of 1849 was favorable to a
degree almost, if nut altogether, without precedent.
I stated to some of my friends, that 1 believed the
. unting, under the great inducements held out in
<he spring, had been largely increased—and that
had tbe season been ptopnious throughout, I believ
ed the crop might have exceeded 3, 10U,(Xj0; that it
had not been so. but that my private letters, receiv
ed for some weeks b*t re I left the United States,
represented the crops in various pans of the coun
try to be rapidly improving, and that, in a short
time, they would be receiving accounts corrobora
ting what 1 said. (Now, be so good as to insert here
the enclosed circular of Messrs. Washington Jack
son, Sons dt Co., of Liverpool, dated two days after
1 left Liverpool, and -tfeer stx ofthe weekly steamers
bad arrived, with later dates than tho»e brought by
the one by which 1 went.)
LtvBXPoOLq Sept. 13. 1850. —Tbe reiterated ac
counts from tbe Unite I States of wsa her hignly fa
vorable lor the growing crop have undoubtedly given
rise to conflicting opinions m resect to its prooabla
extent, and forgetful of the early injury sustained,
too much importance is, for tbe »ime, atached to
these reports of cootiuued improvement, and extrava
gant estimates aie given of ihe ultimate yield; one
party (whose opinion is considered by some to poe
sees weight) up to the moment of his departure, in
the FaciDc, industriously circulated his be het, that
the lowest yield would be 2.."00,000, and might be
2.800,000 bales. Judging fru.u the most reliable
information, it would cvrtamly appear that aot more
than a mKierate crop can be realized, even w tn the
irs>i circumstances; however, while so
much uncertainty exists upon this point, the article
cannot be otherwise than subject ta some fluctua
tions in price. The prospect for tha consumption of
cotton is as fl dieting as at any previous period of this
year The Manchester market nature ly sympa
thises with tbe state of this tor cotton, but there is
apparently no imiieatkw! of positive doer ease of the
c.'rsump'ion of the raw mait-riul, or ot as much in
crease f the stocks of the manufictur- d article.—
Foreign orders are only withheld uadi the greater
coofidence is felt in the 'nainteoance of prices. The
home demand co duuee good, and ts more likely to
increase than as the weather for the com
pte<iou ot ihe gra n harvest is mo«t lavorabie; and
attbomrh th- yield mty n perhaps, be more thaa
tn -derate, U will be vaftoeni with our u-ual un
l-vtAUuns, to imure an abundaoce, and cheapness
of food. Money afa? cooduues at an easy rate.
H 'ashington Jackson. Sons 4* Ci.
The reuarsfed aoooaata,” Ac., ware not aU that i
-ame by those steamers. They brought letters from I
eouic of the most strenuous ‘t-hmlciop’ men, express
ing the wish that their cotton might have been sold,
or ordering prompt sales. The accounts of the
state of the markets or English cotton goods, from
India, China and Brazil (large and influential mar
kets) were oho deplorably bad in August, and as a
natural consequence, the demand for goods for those
markets fell off largely. Were not these and the
I ‘reiterated accounts,” <&c., enough to causes de
cline in a market which had attained an unusual
elevation without resorting to such a miserable pre
text, as that the expression of my opinions had
caused such decline? It is time that I should state
what I did say. It was that it was quite possible
that the crop might be a very short one; but that,
with average circumstances, and in the absence of
any serious future disaster, I thought it would be
2,500 000 a 2,600 000 bales, and in extraordinarily
favorable circumstances, it might reach 2,700,000 a
2,800,000 bales. Please to observe the condition on
which I based my estimates. It is now alleged, the
the crop has sustained great disasters, vis.: by se
vere droughts and storms in August, and frost in the
west, in this month, and the loss incident to these ia
estimated in hundreds of thousands of bales. If it
new should prove to be even as much as 2,200,000
—where shall I stand, and where those who were
contending or asserting in July that propitious sea
sons would be required to make as much as 2,000,000
a 2,100,000 —some of the more liberal admitting
that 2,250,000 might be produced.
I should perhaps add, that my acquaintance in Man
chester was very limited, scarcely exceeding a half
dozen firms, engaged in spinning or manufacturing,
and that elsewhere in Great Britain 1 am not to my
knowledge acquainted with a single individual en
gaged in thote branches of trade, and that I did not
officiously obtrude my views and opinions on those
who did not seek them. 1 know but one rule in such
cases—and that is to give them candidly, or ask to
be excused from giving them at all.
If they had any weight or influence, it probably
was with a few friends who were aware of the accu
racy of my estimates of the two preceding crops.
Yours, very respectfully, H. B. Gwathmey.
“The news from Mississippi (writes the cor
respondent of the Mercury from Washington,) is
very cheering for the South. Foote is going still
deeper down, and has but the merest remnant of
strength left. Messrs. Clay, Foote, and Ritchie,
have blown their rams ho; ns long and lustily —
doubtless they have been delighted and exalted by
the display of their own sonorous powers—but the
walls of Soutbern resistance are not yet shaken.”
Per contra. Oar advices from Mississippi
do not fully corroborate the glowing accounts
of the Mercury's correspondent. For instance,
the disunionists a few datfsjsince advertfeed a
Mass Meeting in Natchez, made a great flour*
ish in their organ, the Free Trader, blew ‘ their
ram’s horns long loud and lustily,” and an
nounced in staring capitals the names of two
distinguished and e oquent champions of the
cause of disunion, who would address the
people and inform them bow they had been
plundered, robbed, oppressed and degraded
by the General Government.
The day dawned, the Hall was opened, fires
built to warm the patriotism of the crowd, the
hour arrived and the bell tolled to collect the
masses, when lo ! in a city with a population
•f several thousand inhabitants, only two men
repaired to the Hall! What a failure was
that! But all, and a thousand other such make
no difference. Sooth Carolina is te beguiled
into the idea that Mississippi will sustain her in
her ridiculous and fantastic tricks, and the
mode of accomplishing it is seen in the extract
quoted above. Just before the election in
Georgia, the same journals abounded in similar
reports from this Stale—and some of them
had most “cheering news for the South” in
’ho shape of extraordinary and extensive
changes in public sentiment.
Indeed, so “lustily did they blow their
horns,” especially tho Evening News, that we
d übt nut some of their benighted readers
were quite astonished when they heard that a
single Union man was elected in the Slate.
I’he election, however, opened their eyes as to
the cheering character of the news. The
leaders at once saw that Georgia would not
do to base their fond hopes of disunion and
treason upon, and now the same game is to be
played with reference to Mississippi, in which,
according to the best information we have,
their hopes will be about as nearly realized as
they were in Georgia.
(: Thechmgo lias frequently been made in the
Whigpajiers of Georgia, that the Democrats in the
Northern States bad formed coalitions with the free
soilera. We believe that these charge* will in most
eases prove to be unfounded. Thus for the Demo
crats of Massachusetts and Ohio, although in a mi
nority have refused to aid in eleeiing a free Boiler.
Aud in Missouri they chose rather to elect an honor
able opponent, than to aid in electing a Democrat
whose principles were suspicious on tim slavery ques
tion J*—Albany (Ga ) Patrirol.
It would be ddticult to find in tbe annals of
political journalism, a more reckleaa disregard
ot truth than is evinced in the above paragraph
in reference to Massachusetts. Id Ohio, the
three parties. Democrats, Whigs and Freesoi
lers, pertinaciously adhere to their respective
candidates, and as neither party had a majority
an election was defeated, in Missouri there are
three parties—Benton, Anti Benton and Whig
—the two former composed exclusively of
democrats—-a division on men ra her than
principle, and as Rkkto.v was mure obnoxious
to the Anti Bentouists, than any other man, a
few of them voted for Geyer, tbe Whig, by
which means he was elected. But to return
to Massachusetts : The Democrats aud Free
Soifers, members of the Legislature, assem
bled in caucus tn the Stale House (in separate
rooms) iu Boston, on the night of the 31st
December, and immediately after the orguniya
lion of the two caucuses, the democratic caucus
sent a message to the Free Soil caucus, stat
ing that they bad appointed a committee of
five to meet a similar committee from the
Free Suite's, to make arrangements for the
organisation of the two houses of the Legisla
lure. At a subsequent caucus of encn party
on the Ist of Jan ;ary, at night, each caucus
appointed committees of conference to ar
range for the elec.ion of Governor, Lieut.
Governor, Cuuncilmen aud U. 8. Senators,
The committee having perfected the arrange
ment for all these offices, the two caucuses
mad© their respective noniinaiions for each—
the Free Soil caucus selecting Mr. Sumner,
fur the long term of U. S Senator, a> d the
Democrats Mr Rantoul for the short term.
Tbe uoinina ion of Mr Rantoul was confirm
ed by the Free Soil caucus, and in the
Democratic caucus the no .»iuation of Mr.
Sumner was confirmed by a vote of 58 ayes
to 27 nays. Thus completing the most dis
graceful coalition ever so openly formed in the
history of political paries in this eoumrv.
The 27 Democrats (or nearly all of them.) who
voted against the nomination of Mr. Sumner
in ca ecus, have, however, refused to vote for
him in the Legislature, and thus his election
has, up io the latest dates been defeated, not
withstanding more than two thirds of the De
mocrats have n ibered to the base contract and
voted fur Mr. Sumner throughout—yet in the
face of these notorious facts, the Albany Patrict
has the hardihood to express a disbelief in the
coalition.
We should, however, du injustice to our
selves did we not in conclusion express the
opinion so long entertained, und so often re
peated in this journal, that neither the Demo
cratic nor Whig parties of the free States, as
a whole, are to be relied on by the South.
They both debased with Free Suilisui and
Abolitionism, yet we believe there are a large
portion of both, who are conservative—who
will respect and main ain the rights of the
South, aud whu we believe will ere long see
the absolute necessity of uniting to form a
great Constitutional Union Party, to aid the
South in putting down fanaticism and dis
unionum North and South.
We have no more confidence in Mr. Wiw
thbop, the Whig candidate for United States
Senator, in Massachusetts, than we have in
Mr. Summer ; and if we were compelled to
give the easting vote for either, we should not
hesita'e to give it to Mr. Sumner, not because
be is less obnoxious, but because he is notori
ously a fanatic, aud therefore less potent for
evil; consequently the less to be dreaded in
his influence.
Narhville amd Chattaaooga Railroad.—
The NAshville Amtncan, of the 30th ultimo
sa; s :
“ Oue of the pleaeanletf days iart week’we lock 1
ride of six miles out on the railroad, on the invitation
of Mr. Ewing, the treasurer cf the railroad corn pa
ay. The track was permanently laid that distance
from the Franklin turnpike, with the exception of a
distance round the heavy cutting on the second
sectfixi, wnere a temporary track ba* oeen laid, and
the ioeomo.ive make daily trips overit tor the convey
ance of rails, lumber, die. A large force is em
ployed in laying the rails, and we understand that
near a mile and a half a week is laid, and no doubt is
entertumel that the load will te completed to Mor
treesborv’ by the first of July. The work is in ail
tespecisof tne most substantial character. W« do
not see bow it could posaibly be mad- stronger. It*
impottan e we bare often enough dwe*t We
congratulate the citizens of Kasbviiie on die hros
pert of its speedy completion, and join them in be
stowing merited praise upon the energetic men whe
bare overcome the difficulties which so many regard
el as insurmountable.'’
The compleuou of this road, which, tinder
its efficient and enterprising officers, is nvw
rendered certain al no distant day, will impose
upon Georgia the absolute and positive neces
sity of relaying the Western and Adar tic road,
(that portion laid with flat bar,) with heavy
iron, and placing the road under the manage
ment of efficient and capable men—men fa
miliar with the duties their important position
wilt impose upon them, and who will be capa
ble of managing the mad as such a great work
should be. Without this necessary improve
ment in the track, anti the equally important
change «n the management of the road, it will
be of hide value to the State.
Thr Oh io Lrsi.Li.Tvu adjo irned without
electing a Senator t-v succeed Mr. Coawta.
D B. Pilchsb. has been appointed Post
master at Mayfield, Vice J. T. Jones resigned.
Parties in Cherokee.
Wi are gratified to perceive, by the subjoin
ed letter to tho Marietta Union, that the party
lines are correctly drawn in Cass and the Che
rokee Circuit. Old land marks are abandoned
and foi gotten, and the new deinarkation is be
tween disunionists on the one hand, and the
friends of the Union en the other:
Cassville, Ga._ 4th Feb., 1851.
Dear Sir: The Superior Court of this County is
now in session His Honor, Judge Lumpkin, pre
siding. Thio is h’s second Court and first riding;
and although he is, of couse, inexperienced in the
difficult and embarrassing duties of the Bench, he,
nevertheless, bears himself with commendable credit
and dignity. TAe cause of the most commanding
interest iu this court is the one growing out of the
unfortunate rencontre in November last between the
Messrs Hamilton’s and Johnson’s. It will probably
be tried at the present term. Judge Underwood
the inimitable, the witty and profound, is of course,
here; for I believe he attends most, if not all the
courts in this Circuit. Indeed his presence is near
ly indispensable to tha Court and the Bar. If he
were to withdraw from the practice, his place could
be filled by no living man. He has the sprighlliness
and buoyancy of a boy—the learning ol Mansfield,
and the wit of Walpole and Sheridan combined.
A letter of recent date has been received from Col.
llacket, by ono of his friends in Rome. The cli
mate of Florida is rapidly restoring his health. His
letter is Jong, and principally on political subjects.
He takes strong and decided ground in favor of the
Constitutional Union party, and fully gives in his
B_hesion to the platform laid down by th® Convention
at Milledgeville.
The Union party in this section, stands fully and
firmly on that platform. No other parties are known
here than those which were brought into existence
in tho late Union and disunion contest. To this com
plexion it hath already come. In this complexion it
must remain. Ar an old, firm, and consistent demo
crat remap-ed to-day. speaking on this subject, said
he, “ The Leopard’s spots could as easily be changed
as the present organization of pirties.” “For,”
said he, “the disunion party, though defeated in
the late election, has not surrendered—they are even
now busily mustering their forces and re-organizing
their defeated columns for another battle, in order to
commit the State to their desperate project.” But I
hasten to close —the mail ci see immediately. In
haste, and very respectfully, B.
Letter from Bishop Capers*
The subjoined letter from this learned and
eloquent divine, to the people of South Caro
lina, will be read wytfipjrely interest and sin
cere pleasure by every true 1 patriot. It will
doubtless cause some of the readers us the
Mercury in which it first appeared, to pause,
reflect and inquire whither they are tending
in their wild and thoughtless career:
I o my Fellow-Citizens of South. Carolina’
I take the liberty of address ng you, through the
newspapers, on a subject of a different character
from what has hitherto employed me ; and I do so
the more readily as my life guaianties my sincerity,
and, on your part, personal good will. It is ihe first
time that I have ever felt it my duty to express pub
licly an opinion on any matter of Slate policy.
Once, indeed during ths extreme excitement which
prevailed in Charleston, on the subject of nullifying
a law of Congress, 1 met with the Clergy of the
City apart, at the instance of some venerable citi
zens, to consider whether there was anything which
we might possibly do, in our sacred character, to
promote peace. But it resulted ia nothing. We
found nothing in our power, but our prayers for the
people. Ministers of religion have little to do, at
any time, with matters of the btate, mere than to
pray for God’s guidance aud blessing on the people.
1 Nevertheless, Ministers are men—are citizens ; and
I it may be expedient, once in a life-time of three
! score years and more, for a minister to appear in his
character as a citizen, and not as a minister. Suffer
me, then, for this ono time, to assert my c.tizenship,
i and commmune with you, freely, on the state of
! public affairs. lam a citizen ; a son of a citizen;
born on the soil of South Carolina not long after it
5 bad been won, in part, by the sword of my father.
After an absence of about five months, on my sa
cred duties, in Te nessee, Mississippi, Louisiana,
Alabama, and Georgia, 1 cannot express how pain
i fully it has shocked me to be told, on my return
4 home, that the great State measures now on foot,
luok solely to secession from the United States, by
1 this S:ate alone : that the Convention shortly to be
held is in order to tbis ; and that the only question to
be open there is ooe of time; whether to secede at
* once, or ?. wait the issue of the Southern Congress,
> and then secede.
To secede at ouce, or at a future time, alone, must
be to secede from the other Southern Suites n > less
than from the Northern. It must be a pulling of the
ocher South- ra States in fault—a sort of branding
them asdefi'ientin knowledge, rr courage, or patri
otism, or all these together. They are involved in
all respects, as we are, touching the injustice of the
late acts of Congress. We may not hold ourselves
wiser nor better than they are, but as equals only ;
and they are many, while we are, compatatively, tew.
And what, in su.h circumsuncei, will be tbe pro
bable judgment of mankind, respecting our action,
should we secede ?
If I may place any reliance on what has corne un
der my observation, during my lung journey through
five of the principal Southern States, it is not pro
oablo that a Southern Congress, representing the
Southern people, can Le bad at all; nor if it could
be bad, th it it w->uid do much, if anything, more
than the Georgia Convention did. As to secession,
I have no doubt that tbree.fouiths of ihe people
would oppose it at (be present time The reason
of this opposition, I have understood to be, that they
do not consider the acts of Congress to be a violation
of the Constitution, and, in their opinion, nothing
less should justify secession 1 understand it to be
the opinion of our people of South Carolina, that
Congress has violated the Constitution. At most,
theu, it is a mooted point, and not a settled fact ; we
eutertainiug one view of it, while a m j »ri:y of the
wise and virtuous of other States, greatly outnum
bering us, hold the opposite. Do we owe them
nothing ? Is it not even due toour own self-respect
to review the mutter? Surely, we should know
that we are right, beyond dispute, before we should
proceed to a final act of the most fearful import.
And ought we not to consider consequences ? Pa
triotism deiu&uds i/6t ot utxto run madly on to our
.couw-ry’s ruiuxJCnd secysAixi, by<oui Stale alone,
proveruinjras. «u» hostife* army
might invade ii,
will oppose us. ulhariestou will be shut out fr m
the rest of the world, her commerce perish, her mer
chants leave her in despair; while from her very
suburbs our Rice and Cotton shall be carried to Sa
vannah ami Augusta fora market. Even now the
rivalry of Savannah is not to be contemned, but let
our Hate secede from the Union, aud Charleston
must become a desolation.
Nor will the blight fall on Cbarles'jn only, but
on all the State ; while our taxes increased seven
fold, and the hea> of the prebent agitation cooling off,
our very leader*;, if the> should prove too pr-ud to
be found knocking at the door of the Union for ad
mis- ion, ftial join the many thousands us our po
verty-stricken people io their flight from their ruin
ed homes to more favored parts. Can patriotism
d» mand the sacrifice f Patriotia n demand ihe sa
crifice of the State I No, never.
1.--I us then, fellow-cilia .*ns, review onr ground.
If a Conveu’ioa we must have, let it not be a Con
vention of boys and ha'fomade men, but of the wise
and sober-minded. There is no battle to be fought
tor glory, by secession, but a fearful r-truag'e with
poverty, high taxes and hard times, without hope of
improvement and preat and sore humiliation. And
may God gram us deliverance
Charleston, Feb. 6, 1851. William Cxrxas.
Indiana and the Compromise. Tae fol
lowing joint resolutions. report I by a select
cum uh t lee, passed the House us Representa
tives of Indiana on the 24 h ultimo, ayes 65,
noes 28. It is said that they will also pass the
Senate by a large majority:
Sec 1. Be it resolved by the General Assembly
of the State of Indiana, That the people of the S ate
of Indiana love and respect the Constitution of the
United States, and esteem tbe uuiou of the States as
the true source of their present greatness, and the
only sure guaranty of their futsre happiness, peace,
aud prosperity.
Sec. 2. That in the adjustment and compromise of
the v» xed question of ahvery and other kindred mea
sures, we recogmz i the settlement of the most diffi
cult and momentous questions of the age, and that it
is the duty of every patriotic American citizen to
aubmit to and respect said compromise.
Sec. 3. That our Senators in Congress be instruct
ed, and our Representatives requested, to maintain
and support said measures, and exert their influence
to allay and qu’et the fun her agitation of said excit
ing subjects until their practical effects can be ascer
tained.
Sec. 4 That a j )int resolution on the subject of
slavery, approved January 19, 1850, be and the same
is hereby repealed ; tha’ the said resolution did not
express the sentiment of Indiana ; that Indiana then
w s and now is in favor of the peopie of each State
and Territory passing all laws for their own govern
ment consistent with the Constitution of the United
Stales.
Sec. 5. That a copy of the above resolutions be
forwarded by the Governor to each of our Senators
and Representatives in Congress, and to tbe Gover
nor of each Male in tbe Union.
The “New Orleans Christian Advocate” is
the name of a weekly paper just cotnu enced
under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal
Church South. The Rev. H N. McTyree is
to be the editor, and the terms $2 50 per an
num.
The total amount us receipts by the Wash
ington National Monument Association during
the year 1850 was $34,340,594, and the amount
paid out during the same period, on drafts of
the building committee, was $32 314 54.
A Landon correspondent of the New York
Journal of Commerce states that ten shillings
sterling are now demanded a, an entrance
fee to the Palace of Glass in Hyde Park, in
which the great London Industrial Exhibition
is to be held. When fully finished a guinea is
to be the price of admission, which is to be
reduced as the exhibition season advances.
Tbe New York Courier says that an interval
of two weeks elapsed after the sailing of the
Canada, before another steamer would leave
Liverpool for this country. Tbe next steam
er due is the Africa, which was appointed to
sail on Saturday the Ist inst. She will be
succeeded by the Baltic, to sail on tbe Sih.
The schooner Sunbeam, from Lagans, Jan
uary 12 at Boston, reports that the late news
received from Yucatan, relative to another
outbreak of Indians and defeat of tbe whites
with great slaughter, is without the least foun
dation. Leiters state that it is a government
speculation, got up to raise funds by taxes,
the treasury being alarmingly deficient. The
a.atement of a declaration of independence by
1 ucatan is equally fabulous. Business was
very dull a* Laguna.
The U. 8. Mail steamer Arctic, for Liver
pool, sailed frum New York on Wednesday.
She took out SIOO 000 in specie.
Thx Baltimore Patriot furnishes the follow
ing information relative to the Franconia, the
lose of which off Holyhead was mentioned yes
terday :
Tbe Franconia was commanded by Captain
John Smith, and sailed from Baltimore on the
I'Jih of December, with a cargo composed as
follows: —336 hbds. and 15 tierces leaf tobac
co 1776 bbls Sour, 11 000 bushels corn, 32,-
132 lbs lard 521 bagsoak bark 6 000 saves,
53 water casks 100 casks ore 16 bbis bread
rice dkc. Tbe vessel and cargo, valued ai
$75 OOV, is principally insured in this city. I
Tbe ship was owned by Hugh Jenkins and
Galloway Cbeston.
A Genrglu Made Piano.
VV x were equally surprised and pleased the
other day to receive an invitation to call and
sae a Piano manufactured in Augusta—sur
prised to learn that such an enterprise was in
progress, for we were not previously aware
of it, so quietly had it been kept, and pleased
to ascertain that through the agency of xMessra.
Schirmer &, Wigand, the enterprising and
successful manufacturers of Burr Mill Stones,
the manufacture of Pianos had been com
menced. Imagine, then, our high gratification,
on arriving at the upper tenement of “Quali
ty Range,” at being shown a seven octave in
strument, which, for external beauty and ex
quisite finish of workmanship, will compare
favorably with the most elegant instruments
made in the best Factories at the North. Os
its tone and power we do not feel competent
to express an opinion, though in both it seem
ed very superior, and in that opinion a very
competent artiste concurred.
The maker, Mr. Peter Brenner, a very
modest, unassuming German, who served hie
time in Germany, and has worked several
years in some of the best manufactories in this
country, has been in this city about six months,
and this is his first instrument, every part of
which has been made by him here, save the
strings and screws. It will bo entirely com
pleted in a few days, when it will be placed
on exhibition at the Masonic Hall,and the pub
lie invited to call and examine it for themselves.
Fine Brooms.
It affords us great pleasure to call the atten
tion of our readers to the advertisement of
T. W. Fleming, offering a supply of very
superior Brooms for sale. For length of
brush, they surpass any we have ever seen in
any market. In addition to their other good
qualities, they are exclusively of Southern
production, having been manufactured by E
W. Kingsland, of Greenville, So. Ca. Cali
and see them.
A Sensible People.—The following lan
guage (says the Natchez Courier) is from the
Little Rock Democrat, a very violent Demo
cratic paper, and one of the most decided op
onents, last fall, of the adjustment. It exhib
its a consciousness of how vast is the differ
ence between opposition to measures prior to
their passage, and a refusal to acquiesce and
abide by them after they have become laws of
the land. It speaks well, too, for the condition
of public feeling throughout Arkansas:
“ If there is a man in our city, or in our State,
who is not in favor of ahidin > by the measures
qf adjustment of our national difficulties, enacted
by the last Congress, or who is not ‘ opposed to
Southern ultraism and Northern fanaticism? or
who is not ‘ desirous of maintaining the perpetuity
of the Union, * or wh) is not ‘ opposed to Secession
and Disunion, 1 we do not know him, nor do we
believe Caere is one.”
The trade between Wilmington and Balti
more, like that between the latter port and
Charleston, would seem to have increased
largely of late; a line of six schooners has just
been established to run between those ports.
Edw. Padelford, Esq., has been unani
mously re-elected by the Board of Directors of
the Marine and Fire Insurance Bank, of Savan
uah, President of that Institution for the ensu*
itig year.
New Hotel in Boston —The American
House is just completed, and now open for the
Travelling public, having been entirely re
built and greatly enlarged. It is now one
of the largest, most splendid and best arranged
hotels in the Union, and is under the manage
went of Lewis Rioe, Esq., well known to trav
ellers, who promises that it shall be truly the
traveller’s home. See advertisement in this
paper.
Choice Fruit Trees.—Those who are de
iiirous to supply themselves with some very
choice and select varieties of Fruit Trees—
poaches, nectarines, pears and apples—are re
ferred to the advertisement oi Mr. Jas. L
Coleman. Mr. C. has made his selections
with great care, and with special reg.-ird to the
procurement of the very best varieties of fruit.
Hence those who purchase may confidently
rely on obtaining a good article.
Race across the Atlantic. —The Union
Club and some large ship owners of New
York have started a subscription of 100.000 to
bill’d a clipper costing that sum. to sail from
Liverpool to New York and back with any
similar vessel built in England, and on the
completion of the voyage both ships are to be
long to the winning party.
Velocity of Electricity.—The velocity
of the electric fluid on the wires of the mag
netic telegraph, according to Professor Loom
is* .recent work appears to be 19,000
tuiles in one second—or, in about one second
the globe would be passed around—quirk
enough for ordinary purposes. The velocity
may not be uniform, and this is far less than
given by Wheatstone in England. The differ
ence in the condiciou of ihe Wire, and in its
magnitude, as well as the tension of the electri
city, as s iggested by Prof. Loomis, may influ
once the velocity of the fluid on the wire.
“The Lvdy or Augusta.”—We learn that
the Measra. Williams, of Knoxville have an
other new Steamboat below the Shoals, to be
placed in lhe Tennessee river trade Their
now Boat, says the Chattanooga Gazetm.is to
be called the ‘Lady of Augusta,” to take the
place of lhe “Ki’e Fleming,” which was
destroyed by fire before reaching iis destina
tion. The ‘Kate Fleming” was a beautiful
boat, and the compliment offered in the name
seieced, was every way deserving. Mrs.
‘ Kale Fleming” ferinerlyaf Knoxville, now
a citizen of Augusta, the lady us Thus. W.
Fleming of that place, is every way worthy of
the compliment, and the new Steamer, “La
dy of Augusta,” doubtles received its name
from the same source, and we hope will soon
be up, and show herself worthy of the title she
has assumed.
Small Pox in Montgomery, Alabama.—
Several cases of Small Pox have occurred in
the Jail in Montgomery, Alabama, one of
which has proved fatal.
A Hundreb Year* Ago.—The Rev. Thos.
Smith, of Falmou'h, Me., in hie quaint Jour,
nal and Diary of the weatner, kept by him a
century ago, has left on record data which
prove the weather of 1750 1 to be the mildest
of which there is any chronicle, in New Eng
land. We append a few extracts.
January6th. No snow on the ground. 7th.
Bxow stonn. 12th, Thaw. 15th, the Post is
entirely out of the ground. 21st, Weather
like May 24th. This winter will go down
memorable to posterity.
February. This month has been more like
spring than winter—moderate generally, and
several days as warm as May. 18:h, Pleasant
weather still. This winter ends—a wonder
through (he whole.
.March sth. Snow storm 13th. Fine spring
weather t;e rest of the month, except the last
four days.
The Executive of ismstppi.—The Jack
son (Miss.,) Union of the 31st alt, says: We
learn from reliable authority, that it is now
certain that Governor Quitman has, or will re
sign his office of Chief Magistrate of Mississip
pi, and on Munday next, leave for New Or
leans in obedience to the writ issued against
him. by his honor, Judge Gholson, for an al
leged participat on iu arranging, in the United
States, the necessary preparation for the late
invasion of Cuba, under the command of
Gen. Lopez.
We are authorized to state the fact, that lhe
writ issued against Governor Quitman, is not
against him as John A. Quitman, Governor of
tho State of Mississippi, but simply against
John A. Quitman.
The du'ies of the Executive office will de
volve on the Hon. John I. Guion, President of
the Senate, for the remainder of the guberna
torial tern:.
The Marriage Relation.—The celebrated
English writer, Addison, has left on record the
following important sentence :
“Two persons who have cl.osen each other
out of ail the specie?, with a design to be each
other s mutual comfort and entertainment,
bave in that action bound themselves to be
good humored, affable, forgiving patient, and
joyful with respect to each other’s frailties, to
tne end of their lives.”
The Colored Race ik Indiana.—On tho
24th of January, as we learn from the proceed
ings in the Indiana State Sentinel, the Consti
tuttona Reform Convention of Indiana con
cluded their action in regard to the free negroes
of that State, as follows :
The first section, providing that no negro or
mulatto shall come into or settle in this State
after inc adoption of this Constitution, was
adopted by a vote of yeae94 nays 39.
The second section, providing that ail ‘ con
tracts made wtin negroesand inula toes coming
into this Slate, contrary to the provisions ol
the first •< i c , ion us this article, shall be void ;
and all persons who shall employ, or otherwise
encourage such negroes or mulaltces to re
main in this State, shah be fined in any sum not
less than ten, nor more than five hundred dol
lars,” wm finally adopted uy a vole ol 78 yeas,
nays 59
The third section, providing that ‘ all fines
collected for the violation of this article, or
which may be imposed by the Legislature to
carry it out. shall be appropriated for coloniza
tion purposes,” was adopted; yeas 106, nava
33!
The fourth and sis h sections provided that
ibe Legislature shill p ig- laws to carry out the
iciion of the Convention in regard to free rie*
ifwes, and that the article shall be submrted to
a separate vote of the people, were then
adopted—the last by a vote of ayes 82, nays
54.
ADDRESS < i! . WARD BEbOUlu) !
run
GREENE CO. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. >
[Wo should take great pleasure in laying i
the following excellent address of Col. Ward
before tho readers of the Southern Cultiva
tor aa well as those of the Cmroniele &
Sentinel, if the limits of the former journal
would permit in the present press upon its col
umns. We ask for it the careful attention and
perasal of our readers throughout the State as
well as by those of old Greene, by all of whom
it may be rend with profit and instruction, and
we are sure will meet the appreciation its ster
ling merits deserve.]
[CoRREBPONDENCB. )
Gxnknsooro, 7th Jan., 1851.
Col. R. H. Ward —DeifSir: At the late annual
meeting of the Greene County Agricultural Society,
the undersigned were charged with the duty of ten
dering to you the thanks of the Society for the aide
and interesting address delivered by you on that oc
casion, and further, to request of you a copy for pub
lication. We listened with much pleasure to it*de
livery, asd believe its publication would, in no in
considerable degras, advance the cause of Agricul
ture in our county. Your compliance will greatly
oblige your friends and fellow citizens.
Thomas P. Janes, )
Jas. M. Davison, (~ _
T. P. King,
R. G. Caklton, J
Gbbbnk County, 15th Jan., 185 i.
Gintlembn : Your communication requesting a
copy, for publication, of the address delivered before
the Agricultural Society of Greone county, in No
veinber last, has been received. In complying with
the request I yield the reluctance, unaffectedly en
tertained to its publication to the opinion expressed
by yourselves; with the hope, should it fail in th*
attainment of any good result, it may not, at least,
retard the advancement of Agriculture.
Accept, gentlemen, my acknowledgements for the
kind terms, with which you have been pleased to
convey the request of theS ciety.
Very respectfully, R H. Ward.
Messrs. Janes, Davison, King, and Carlton, Com
mi Uss.
ADDRESS.
Mr. President and belluio-Citizens.— lt is in
pursuance of an appointment made by the
Executive Committee of the Greene County
Agricultural Society, that I appear before you.
Unaccustomed to public speaking, and fully
sensible of the embarrassment under which I
shall labor, I respectfully a*k your kind indul
gence whilst I ma) endeavor to perform the
duty which the committee has assigned me.
Nearly two centuries anti a half have elapsed
sine *, the first colonial settlement was made in
the United States ; Jamestown was followed
by other seltlemeuis, and the Virginia colonials,
were soon enabled to greet in their western
home, the devout and persecuted Puritans,
who had fled from the oppression of the old
world, and sought an asylum upon the bleak
and dreary shore of Plymouth; where,secure
from molestation, they could return the hom
age of grateful hearts to that Being who had
’ rescued them from the dangers of the ocean,
and permitted them to reach in safety, this
, western world. The “legal severities of Eng
land/'enforced upon insolvent debtors, arous
ed the spirit of the “generous philanthropist,”
and the city of Oglethoipe, upon the banks of
the Savannah, followed by the early settlement
of Georgia, was the consummation of an en
I terpnso, that originated wholly in benevolence.
I Intermediate settlements soon dotted the At
, lantic border, and the wave of population, Ike
the ocean wave that brought the Anglo Saxon
to tlae shore, began almost simultaneously to
move westward. Wild and beautiful must
have been the aspect of the country ; every
F where studded thick with the tall forest trees,
thuugh wnich the yell of the savage had so
often reverberated, and the grandeur of the
forest, was only equalled by the fertility of the
Mil
rhe country presented, in its natural geo
graphy, resources, which, in (heir future de
v ulopmt ut, might be made Co administer to
the necessities of enlightened civilization, and
the accumulated wants of a refined .commercial,
and agricultural people. Combining every
variety of sod and climate, it literally fulfilled
the Scriptural representation oi Canaan, ami
was singularly reserved fer the habitation of
a race, whose energy of character, unyielding
perseverance and courage, might here find a
genial and illimitable field, for the development
and exercise of such personal virtues. Such
too was the aspect of Georgia, when entered
upon by its earliest settlers ; a very different
aspect is now presented Rapid, indeed, ha t
been the process of reducing these:! to culti
vation. The tall forest, with its d- nsely cov
ered loliage, has been cleared away, acd the
ferule soil required to yield, for years cousecu
lively, without requital, to the utmost of its
capacity. A system of culture has been persist
ed in. so des'ructive in its character, as to
leave us a large inheritance of exhausted fields
Nur have we been more careful in the preser
sauon of our land. In the system of farming
and planting transmitted to us, we have steadi
ly persevered until the folly es the system has
become apparent to all. No longer reliance,
to any great extent, can be placed upon clear
ing the forest laud, to supercede the worn and
uureiminerative fields; tne only alternative
left, is the adoption us a system of improve
ment, that wil return to the soil the fertilizing
properties of which it has been deprived, and
rendered incapaoie of profitable tillage.
It may be considered fortunate for central
Georgia.that the bright prospect, which at one
time induced so many to emigrate we t as to
threaten i with depopulation, t as at length been
obscured, and the al uretnents to wealth and
comfort, which at first marked the representa
tions of its superior soil and productiveness,
have been confuted by the sad experience of
many of our friends. Not a few that have
gone there, now regret the indiscretion that
caused them to leave this exhausted region, as
they were wont to imagine, with the vain
hope, as it has proven, of belt ring their con
dition upon the virgin soils of the west Their
experimental counsel should be heeded by
ourselves The casualties incident to the cut
ton plant »n the west, and the known uuhea'iih
fulness of its alluvial regions, have been
strongly inslru mental iu product ig au increas
ed appreciation of our ill-treated soils, in en
kindling afresh the fondest ass lotions, around
the home, that may receive the care and pro
tection of the father, during his life, then fail
into the occupancy of his children, instead ol
strangers, awakening their concern for the
objects of their lather’s solicitude; so that a>
he end of life’s journey, the same kind moth
er that fed and clothed them in childhood,
luanhood and old ago, will give them a resting
Jluue in her bosom, and let them miugle ibeir
CUh! in the same common grave.
(’he great siapie, Cotton ins recently attract
ed an interest, not only in this country but in
l-tif* which, a few tears since, was not at
tachtd i it. The Eugli-h manufacturers
full, •• ble of ih«ir own interest, look with
anxious solicitude at the rapid increase in (he
ronsumption of Cotton on this side of the
A lant c, and that solicitude is heightened ns the
probab litres of uncertainty increase in re
gard to the raising of n certain future supply
of the raw material. The Engli-h govern
ment, recognizing the importance of the sub
ject, permits no agency to go unemployed
that capital and energy can devise, to increase
its production within her own possessions
American Cotton growers have been engaged
to superintend its culture, and though the
experiment (it is generally conceded) proved
a failure, no relaxation is known to have
lessened her efforts ; the same steady purpose
is found governing her policy. The chambers
of Commerce of London and L'verpool, in
urging upon Parliament, the practicability and
necessity of raising from the English posses
sions, a supply of Cotton for her manufacto
ries, among the various reasons assigned, nut
the feast significant is the moral, reas >n, as it is
termed, of freeing them from dependence upon
the production oi slave labor.” Yet with all
the appliances brought to bear in the accom
plishment of this greatly sought object, it still
remains problematical, whether or not, En
gland will ever be able to supercede Ameri
can Cotton, by the growth of her own pos
sessions. Nor is it s range, lhat England
fhou d evince so much concern, in the steady
increase of manufacturing in this country and
the almost stationary production of Colton.
To that branch of industrial employment,
she is indebted for her commercial suprema
cy, and so intimately interwoven, has it be
come with her political and social organization,
that any essential derangement, would fear
fully affect its existence ?
On the American continent, comparatively,
a small region can ever successfully an*! lucra
tively produce the Cotton plant. Beyond
the limits of our own State, its uncertainty in
creases as you go west; and though occasional
crops are produced, lhat would be unprece
dented here, yet a successive period of years
would place the aggregate production below
that of our little valued soils. Farther west,
in the immediate valley of the Mississippi, it
is much less reliable; in western Texas, the
arid plains of New Mexico and South Cali
fornia, the extended drought too, rendering
irrigation indispensible. succeeded by protract
ed seasons of rain, preclude its extended cul
ture. Iu the Republic of Mexico, South
America and the West indies, notwithstanding
the plant, in many places, springs up sponta
neously, its culture has increased but little—in
some instances, abandoned.
Within the last ten years, the increase iu
the production of entton in the United States,
Las been so immaterial, as to induce the belief,
that the maximum capacity of production has
been nearly reached The increased culture
of sugar, upon soils lhat would perhaps, have
been confined to cotton, had the price been
more remunerating, and the rapid deteriora
tion of the soil, successively tilled in its pro
duction, in the older States, have effectually
prevented that over production, which at one
time, it was apprehended, would overstock
tne markets of the world, and drive the plan
ters to some other pursuit. Instead, however,
of our cotton bales accumulating in such num
bers as to lessen the value of the staple be
neath the cost of production, the limned sup
ply on hand and the doubtful prospect of the
future, clothes the fact with more than ordina
ry concern to the foreign manufacturer Why
tnen, have the cotion planters been coerced to
submit to prices below remuneration? With
out attempting to as-ugn all the causes, sup
posed to be instrumental in producing ihis
anomalous state, lor the tasz would be tedious
and irksome to you, and the time I have
allowed myself would not permit, two promi
nent reasons need only be noticed. Tne ap
parent want of harm miens counsel and acti.n
among the planters themselves, in the sale of
their cotton, —and the entire control which the
Liverpool merchants have exercised over
the price of American cotton.
It has long been a desideratum among the
c »ltoD plan ers, that »o Ir.tle uui y of action,
existed in the disposition of their cotton crops ;
aliens five, out ot tne last ten have passed from
the hands of the producer, at prices poorly
remunerative for the labor and expense in
curred in producing. If a material portion
ui the supply cf cotton necessary to rne*.t ;ue
inuual demand, was retained by the prod «cers
whenever the price ruled below the •utudar
of remuneration, it is not doubled it would
have a most salutary influence in imparting
stauiity and confidence to the markets, followed
-enhancement of prices. Yet such has been '
ie history of the cotton transactions- that do
reseed and ruinous prices have had no ten
ancy to c heck the supplies thrown upon the ■
narket. The price of the great staple of the
South can, and should be, to a just extent,
ontrolled by its producers. It will not be de
fied, that the prices will to a greater or less
ixtent, partake of the vicissitudes that periodi
cally mark the commercial interests of the
vorld, yet, the planter not uufreqnently finds
he price of his stapio depressed, and all other
ntereats, not directly dependent upon it, pros
jerous and satisfactory. These facts render
ibvious the necessity of united action, in ar
■esting the force of such unnatural and ex
raneous causes, as frequently influence the
jrice of cotton. Human wants must be sup
>lied, “food and raiment’* will be needed,
hough oppression and unstable governments
ihould cease to exist.
While the Cotton planters acknowledge the
ong standing debt of grati’ude they owe to
he English purchaser, they have just cause to
congratulate themselves, that the day is not
remote, when their own countrymen will be
enabled to compete with him in the purchase
i»f Cotion, and thereby release them from an
exclusive dependence upon a single purchaser,
which too frequently deprived them of the
product of their labor, with but a partial
equivalent in return. Tha consumption of
Colton in the United States, amounting an
nually io six hundred thousand bales, with an
increase in the ratio of 25 per cent., presents
a competition as formidable in its nature to the
foreign manufacturer, as it is cheering to the
Cotun planter. Whoever has watened the
changing phases of the Liverpool Cotton mar
ket, declension in prices when the production
was small; enhancement, not unfrequefitly,
when it was abundant, will see the propriety
of increased manufacturing in our own coun
try. What planter has not fell his cheek
tinged with shame at the slanderous disbelief
shown by the foreign dealer in regard to the
representations of the forthcoming crop, and
the implied imputation of dishonesty ? As a
planter, jealous of my own reputation, as of
those whose interest is identical. I rejoice at
the prospect which our own count y presents,
of successfully competing with England in the
manufacture o’ Cotton The wisdom of
sending the Cotton one thousand, much
less three thousand miles, to be fabricated into
cloth, and returned with accumulated costs. I
have never been able to comprehend Man
ufacturing commends itself with peculiar
force to the Cotton planter. The producer
of the Cotton may legitimate y claim a partici
pation in the profits arising from its manufac-
lure. His surplus capital, invested in this •
branch of business, would enable h»m when I
the price of the raw material was dep "eased
and he proceeds of his farm illy r< payi <g him
for the tanor bestowed, to realize . .tudsome
profits from the investment, < r by c inverting
his Cotton into manufactured fabric- greatly
enhance its value. Georgia is des'ined to be
come the great manufacturing State of the
South, and has already reached a point far in
advance of the other Cotton growing States.
Many monuments of the enterprise and Indus
try of her people, have already been erected
which will aid much in individual as well as
Stare prosperity Nor should the surplus
capital of tne planters be invested alone in
agricultural and manufacturing purposes;
other branches of business hold out equally
profitable inducements ; mechanism, in ail its
varied ramifications might justly receive more
encouragement from the plan r Railroa
slocks, and other chartered institutions, pre
sent a vast fidld for safe and jndic ous invest
ment The most obvious imperfection in the
domestic economy of the South, can be found
in the undue absorption of its productive
wealth in the culture of Cotton, conducted by
a class oflaborers, whose value constituting by
far the largest proportion of the wealth of the
country, is held by a tenure, liable to be dis
turbed by causes beyond the control of the
planters. A more enlarged distribution of the
surplus capital annually arising in the Cotton
growing Stales, and directed to the develop
ment of the varied resources of wealth with
which they abound, would place within their
reach, a power not less omnipotent than the
lever of Archimedes.
In view, therefore, of the circumstances that
surround n«j a climate as salubrious as ever
kind Providence blessed man with, a soil sus
ceptible of a degree of fertility, unsurpassed by
■he valley of the Nile, or the alluvion of the
West; in view of the weighty reasons that
present themselves in contravention of the
efforts of the world, enlisted in a crusade
against our rightful property ; in view of the
bright and efteerin# prospect, which the future
holds out in connexion with the price of the
great staple, Cotton, incentives of no ordinary
character are to be found, for increased and
energetic effort iu the restor ’ion of our worn
and neglected soils. No essential resuscitation
of the soil will fake place, so long as the pre
sent system is pursued of devoting so much
attention to Cotion, to the exclusion of other
crops, the rearing of animals for the cultiva
tion of ’he farm, the raising of breadstuff's and
animal food for the consumption of the labor
ers. The deficiency in the grain crops, t/ie
Inbit, (for it is considered merely a habit, with
which true economy wonid dispense.) of
relying upon others for such implements eir
ployed upon the farm that should be manufac
tured at home, have rendered the Cotton
growing Slates tributary to the West and
North, (o an extent inconsist nt with agricul
tural independence, and annually absorbing a
large amount of the proceeds of the Cotton
crop. Thea© considerations are worthy the
attention of every farmer, and recent indica
tions justify the belief, that for the future,
wholesome reforms, partially, if not radically,
may be anticipated.
An increase in the production of the cereal
grains, is now attracting more attention than
formerly. Oor soils are well adapted to their
production, and with seed fully tested, suited
to the cimate, with more thorough and im
proved preparation prior to seeding, it is not
doubled profitable results may be realized.
Nur would a comparison of the relative pro
fits of grain as a leading crop, with Colton,
predicated upon the diminished labor and im
provement of soil, incident to the production
of lhe former, lessen its importance in the
estimation of the farmer wisely consulting hie
pecuniary interest. Recent unexpected in
ducements have been held out to the farmers,
iu order to stimulate the production of wheat;
liberal prices are offered, and new and ap
proved varieties introduced. The farmers of
Nor hern Georgia, with a soil it is true, pe
culiarly fertile, are enabled to realize returns
per acre, from the raising of wheal, that will
compare favorably with lhe production of
Cotton in this country. Yet such is the de
votion of the Co.ton planter to his favorite
staple; such the influence of accustoming
ourselves to the habits snd practices of those
who precede us ; encn the reluctance to de
part from prescribed modes of culture, and
he production of particular crops, that any
innovation, Hie introduction of any new
inode, isexamined with jealousscruiiny The
persistence, however in a course so ruinous
as that which has hitherto prevailed, must,
sooner or later yield to the necessities that
every where present themselves, and to the
example of thott, who have b come th3 Pio
nteri iu agricultural improvement. It is a
cause of just congratulation, that so much of
public interest has been shown recently in
agricultural pursuits The establishment of
central and auxiliary associations has been
produciive of much good in rousing a spirit of
pride and emulation among the farmers of the
8 ate. The exhibitions of these societies are
becoming equally interesting to others, as well
as to lhe tillers of the soil; and the intercourse
among lhe latter on such occasions will tend
greatly to the dissemination of such useful
information, as will bear upon their respective
future operations. These societies should en
list the bEF? wishes and active interest of every
farmer. Our own association, originated by a
few gentlemen under circums ances rather
discouraging, end who merit the warmest ap
proval from their countrymen for the fostering
care with which they still watch over it. con
tinues to awaken renewed and increased in
terest. At each successive exhibition, are to
be witnessed additional testimonials of the
healthful influence it is exerting in the county.
To doubt its continued existence* and useful
ness would be an implied reflection upon the
public spiritedness of its respective origina
tors.
the ensuing Spring will lake place
in London, a stupendous exhibition of the
products of industry ; to which, the whole
civilized world is solicited to send articles for
exhibition. Some idea may be formed of the
gigantic nature of the arrangements that are
being made, when it is known that 85,000 feet
of surface have been assigned to the products
from the United States. Agricultural pro
ductions will form an important part of the
exhibition. The leading staples of American
production will be exhibited in contrast with
the productions of other countries. Cotton
from Southern Asia and the Indies, which is
designed, (provided it can be consummated.)
to exclude American Cotton from the marke’s
of Great Britain, will be presented, together
with Egyptian Cotton, grown in the valley of
the Nile, upon soil unsurpassed in fertility.
Egypt has demonstrated the practicability of
producing Cotton by irrigation. Upon pro
bably the richest soil in the world, with every
facility for irrigation, Cotton, under the gov
ernment of the predecessor of the present
Bashaw, was produced at an annual loss of
30 per cent. Such was the desire to render
his country independent of others, for this
important commodhy.
Agricultural journals form an important me
dium in the advancement of agriculture; and
no fanner should fail to read regularly some
paper devoted to his interest. He will be en
abled to gather much information that will
prove useful to him in his various farming ope
rations. and avail himself of experiments that
have been repeatedly and successfully tested.
In practicing upon the views and recoin men
datioßs, sometimes contained in lhe agricultu
ral prints, the farmer must* from necessity,
rely upon hid own judgment and sagacity in
determining their validity. Instances are not
rare where experiments have been made in a
single year with results entirely satisfactory,
which, if put to the test of a period ol years
successively, would prove erroneous, yet still
urged, upeu the success of a single year, to
our favorable consideration and practice. Nor
should the fact that agricu turai journals con
tain, somehmea, information of duubuul utility,
deter any one from availing himself of the
sound and wholesome guidance they generally
furnish. Ah h* ve access to their commas, and
in the multiplicity of contributors, sound and
practical views need not always be expected.
I’ru'h is sometimes found hidden in the mazes
of sophistry and fiction—the burnished gold
glitters in the relatively valueless quartz Tne
Southern Cultivator, freiu its peculiar adap a
lion to the wan a of Southern /armers, the
freedom permitted by its proprietor in making I
iu columns accessible ’.© ah, the steady and I
persevering advocacy it has always ma ntaiued I
for Southern industrial pursuit the effectual I
aid it has rendered io giving respectably to
farming and i • unwavering approval of en
terprize- c .nnected wim the permanent pro
o-r»t- and best in t reat of the Stale. aUcom
mend it to the p x rooage of the fanner-.
ii the festering ore of the S.at® should b®
meted out te interests in proportion to thnir j
value and importance; if iegisfeUve aid she ald (
bo < xten.led to those departmen •* of business
that engage the attcrifion of the larger pro-
I portion of the citizens and pay into the trea
j sury the larger proportion of revenue, then
the great interest of agriculture can justly
claim some consideration from the State. Va
rious plans have been presented, asking aid
and co-operation from the Legislature in carry
ing ’.hem into execution, yet no specific ap
propriation has been granted. The establish
ment of a professorship of agriculture in the
, State University, embraced as it is, within the
purview of constitutional duty, has been fruit
ess y urged upon the consideration of the la
gisature. While other interests, rail roads,
• p.ank roads, chartered institutions, and political
' manceuvreing, engross so much of le gislative
concernment, the great interest of agrTculture
' 1,8 ~? ,PPo ,‘ b than a
i baker a dozen. An agricultural profea
i aorahip in the State University would place
within the reach of many of our young men
favorable means of acquainting themselves
with such studies as bear directly upon their
t future pursuits, and enable them to carry with
them into the culture of the soil, that know
ledge of its elements and capabilities, which is
i so essential to successful tillage.
, , While improved inode, of tillage are requi.
> I site in the agricultural operations of the couu-
I try, fortheir continued success and profit,not the
f less imperative, is the education of the mind in
- order'O comprehend those truthsand prmci
■ pies which science is designed to unfold. The
* prosecu ion of no seiouce, profession or voca.
! lion, can ever be so successfully conducted,
i without that enlightenment of the mind which
> will enable it to investigate and simplify the
- varied and complicated agencies that may be
i employed in the production of desired result,.
The ordinary routine of farming operations is
' familiar to the farmers, yet the chemical nature
of the soil—analyses—that would determine it,
t constituent element,, what fertilizers were ne
f cessary to .npply those part, that were absent,
’ would be beyond the reach of most of them.
1 (n the learned professions, no one is expec ed,
i witboat year, of application and toil, to raise
l hie farm above mediocrity. The member of
t the leg'l proses-ion that ever reaches that high
. and elevated position, from which he may in
e dulge with safety in the pleasures afforded by
I ins legal acquirements, n.us make his toilsome
h way th.ough volumes filled with the jurispru
’ dence of agea, and still augmenting, amid
I contemporary legislative enactments, like the
- giants, in their attempt to scale Heaven,
r roll mountain upon mountain. The mem
r ber of the medical profession, to avoid em
piricism. is bo less released from the neees-
- sity that binds him "o hie books and a course of
study commensurate with the advances in bis
beneficent profession. The merchant, the me •
chanic, indeed all other pursuits, require a
preparatory process, prior to entering upon
the business of future life. I submit it .oyou,
then, is the culture of the soil of minor utility,
that none of the aids which education and
knowledge bring, are necessary for its enlight
ened and successful prosecution?
While other interests are keeping pace with
the advancing strides of an age, peculiarly uti
litarian. shall farming, the great and primary
and controlling interest remain stationary ?
Shall lhe farmers be recognised as “laggards,”
in the progress that is making in the develop
ment of mind and matter ? The age we live
in, the exhausted condition of the country, de
maud of the farmers the education of their
sons for the same occupation, it is sometimes
the case that a farmer will select one of his
sons, educate him liberally and give him a pro
fession; the other-*, with such education as they
may receive at the primary schools, engage in
farming, restricted to such knowledge of their
vocation as they may acquire by observation or
from experienced neighoors ; I put it, as a
question worthy ofyour msturestconsideration,
whether for all the purposes calculated to pro
mote man’s happiness and his efficient useful
ness in the sphere in which he may live, it would
not be wiser to place the educated son to fawn
in«,T
The social virtues can no where bo more
successfully cultured, than among a communi
ty of farmers engaged in an interest identical,
but suthcicully expanded and harmonious, as
to exclude that jealousy that arises from a
limited arid restricted competition. The farm
ers, freer from the temptations that surround
most other pursuits, and which lead so many
to ruin and misery, are peculiarly prepared
for the promotion of virtue, and the encour
agement of those hign and ennobling principles
thatelevato character,and raise man to the posi
tion designed for him by his Creator. With
more time to devote to the acquisition of
knowledge and the cultivation of tne intellec
tual faculties, than is allowed to those engaged
iu most other pursuits, a taste for reading
need only be acquired to be pursued with that
pleasure a tendiiig increased research. While
lie untoward spirit that sometimes marks lhe
political strifes of the country, is to he depre
cated, yet tinder a form of government like
ours, where every citizen is entitled to an equal
participation iu its rights and privileges, all
should be conversant with the various mea
sures of State and National policy in which
they are directly or remotely interested. ‘The
price of liberty is eternal vigilance our gov
ernment, like other republics, may yet have its
downfall traced to the machinations of dema
gogues and politicians; hew far a virtuous
and enlightened yeomanry, could avert so
dire a calamity, I trust will never be tested.
Equally interested withall of our countrymen
in the prosperity mid stability of the govern
ment, we ask but a just and equitable adminis
tration of its constitutional powers to perpet
uate the blessings of our civil institutions
While as Democrats, we would condemn a
state of s icie y, which places one class of our
countrymen, above another, and secures to
them privileges, social or personal, not en
joyed by all, yet we earne.ily de
sire lhe elevation of lhe farmer to an equality
with tho highest in intelligence and virtuous
refinement; an equality recognized in the
varied phases of the social system, in opposi
tion to that state of society that admits hint as
an equal, whenever hits purse can be made to
subserve the purposes of those whose elevated
estimation of themselves would, under oppo
site circumstances, prompt them to spurn him,
as unworthy the favors bestowed by aristocratic
condescension Wo ackuowledge no pre-emi
nence, socially or personally, save that arising
from superior merit baaed upon virtue, intel
ligence and morality. Need I then urge upon
you. the necessity of eduestmg your sons for
farmers ? Furnish them with all the auxiliaries
that education can bring, enable them to pry
into the mysteries of science and bring to
their aid, in the tillage ol the soil, the labors
and researches of philosophers and sages. Tho
learned professions are already crowded to an
excess that precludes ordinary capacities froru
immediate if not remote success, and the most
favored in intellect and influence require years
of toil and application—fond anticipations
blighted— pungent disappointments realized—
ero the goal to support reputation and eminence
can be gained. Let your sons then engage in
larming, where uuderthe smiles of heaven and
by their own personal industry, they may se-
1 cure ail that is desirable, strangers to that de
pendence which paralyzes the energies, ener
vates the mind; and alas! too frequently drives
1 the young manto the gambling table and the
dram shop
1 In all commendable enterprises that engage
' the time and enlist lhe energies of man, the
1 kindred interest felt by the iadies is fully attes
f ted by their presence and approving smiles.
1 In the pursuits of life, embracing care and toil
1 and continued perseverance, woman is ever
1 ready to cheer the despondent spirit of man,
1 In the attainment of objects difficult and haz
-1 ardous her unfaltering spirit never quails.
! tn the tented field, amid the strifes of eonten
-1 ding foes the sanguinary plains of unfortunate
1 Hungary proudly demons'rale the devotedness
’ of her patrio'ism. Within her own family
circle, her influence, like a guardian spirit,
’ throws its magic enchantment aronnd all the
1 endearments of home. In her botanical de
partment, the flowers nurtured by her care and
watchfulness, which might well reprove the
’ careless and negligent farmer, but faintly rep
resent the flowerets of affection that cluster
around her innocent heart.
' In conclusion, we may justly advert to tho
’ proud position which Georgia has been ena
bled to assume. Blessed by nature with her
richest gifts, her resources are being develop
' ed with an energy and spirit, that bid fair to
test her fullest capacity to minister to the
wants of her people. Already has she been
honorably termed “the empire state of the
' South.” Her long lines of railroad fully com
pleted and hurrying forward lhe productions
of her generous soil to lhe markets of the sea
board, her uncompleted lines prosec ted with
1 an energy, that will »oon secure successful
termination. Her colleges and high schools
1 in full operation; her cotton manufactories,
consuming little short of one eighth of the
cotton grown within her limi's—her mines of
1 the gross and precious metals—her treasury
1 comparatively frea from indebtedness, and her
1 honor above reproach I all conspire to arouse
1 within the breasts of her citizens, lhat enthu
siasm that will carry her forward to the high
est elevation. Shall the great interest of agri
culture lag behind T is there a Georgia far
mer, lhat feel ■> no genorour inclination to unite
with the friends of agricultural progress, and
place his honored pursuit in advance iu the
onward career of the state 1 So that Georgia,
with all her diversified interests, like the “bright
king of day," which chae-s darkness from
earth, may stand, amid the constellation of
States, that compose this “glorious Union.”
♦ Vide journal of the House of Reprexentatircs,
Seacion 1847.
The Harrisburg American of Tuesday says:
The Susquehanna opposite this place was
closed with ice yesterday morning from shore
to shore —the first time for several years. It
opened again during the day, and the ice is fast
disappearing.
The Case of Henry Lono- —Tne Aboli
tioni-tsof New York City have instituted a
suit in the Supreme Court, before Cnief Jus
tice Oakley, against Chas. M. Hall, who acted
as Commissioner, and issued the warrant for
the arrest oi Long. The action is brought
for lhe arrest.
The Lowell Courier states that the Ims by
the burning of tne dye house of the Merri
mac’ Print Works in that city,
moruin<r. is esumaied as high as in
addition m the building, 1,400 pieces oi goo s
were consumed. The loss iaih upon ibe
Companies, wno are an associated Mutual
Insurance Company, by a recent act ol the
Legislat ire.
The Scarcity of Silver —More than
three hundred ibousand dollars of silver were
exported from New York last week. Th#
inail bteamer Asia, alone, look out two hun
dred and ninety eigne thousand dollars, of
which 000 were in American half dol
lars. lhe B.»ecie imported into Boston in
' January amounts to y 3uß, while that ex
ported is 263.
The Governor of Illinois, in a message to
he Legm ature says ; * Fur Lhe first time in *
series ol years, lhe revenue oi I’lmois, exc u
Bike ul ihat devutied to specific purposes, is
su jicie il to meet lhe demands on lhe 1 reasu
ry.” Tbe amount of the State debt is sl6,