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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (March 12, 1851)
2 eon aorernment as the one alluded to. It«> e old. rotten and hateful pnnoiple proclaimed by the advocates or ™ ODa "by against republican government- The condi tion of the country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Rio Grande to the St. Law ronce, proclaims the argument untrue. Unex ampled prosperity smiles upon the land, and no murmurs are sent up, even from the ex tremities of this vast and happy Republic, that any of their civil or religious rights have been violated. I am one of those who place a high estimate npon our form of government. It is admirably constructed for all the purposes onr wise and patriotic forefathers intended it. So far, it is a successful experiment; the most sanguine expectations of the patriot have been realized. It is now affording to twenty millions of free man peace, security and liberty. Look upon the mass of the world, and in what State, King dom or Republic, can you find a people blessed with so many civil, religious and politi cal privileges I Look upon that vast waste of States that have long since passed away, and you will learn from their history that none were blessed with a government like ours. All their governments were either wild and turbulent democracies or despotisms. This government is good enough. I will cling to it until it ceases to respect constitutional rights, and every mode of redress is exhausted that can be made as a member of the confederacy. What shall we gain by a dissolution of the Union 1 is an important question for the consi deration of every thinking and good man in the land. Snail we gain increased security to oar slave property 1 Whilst the Union continues; the institution can be successfully defended dissolve it, and numerous causes will arise to impair its safety. It is a curious fact, connected with this un fortunate excitement, that the Abolitionists desire disunion to destroy slavery, whilst Southern men want it to give it protection. The advoca'ea of disunion at the South saf the controlling mass of the population of the free States are unfriendly to slavery, and our only safety is in separation. Will disunion disarm them of their hostility, and will the removal of all constitutional and legal restraint render them more respectful of Southern rights 1 If they are now prompted in their assaults upon our rights by principle or fanati cism, will they not, when the Union is broken, renew their attacks with increased enthusiasm and determination 1 Fanaticism is unprinci pled, cruel, rapacious and insatiable; and if the free soil confederacy should be controlled by it, it will make war upon the slave States for the avowed object of exterminating slavery It will invite and stimulate insurrection, and hoist upon our borders and in our midst the flag of universal emancipation. But I enter tain no sueb opinion of the free soil popula tion. There are, I admit, fanatics ; but not enough to give such a direction to the deliber ations of ths country. If history is good authority for anything, it establishes beyond question, the fact that neigh boring Republics cannot live in peace. Inde pendent of those numerous causes of war that exist with all neighboring Republics, the Muse of disunion would be a never ceasing source of irritation and difficulty. In case of disunion wo should have a thousand fugitive slaves to where we have a hundred now. Masters would pursue them, and the Aboli tionists would defend and protect them. An cry and sanguinary collision would arise, The masters would be repulsed with a vio lence and insult that no freeman could tolerate. A war of retaliation would arise upon your frontier. The public authorities would be powerless to prevent it. Outrage would suc ceed outrage, until the public mind would be come so excited and exasperated, that nothing would appease it but an appeal to arms. Ava rice and ambition would be always active and busy in aggravating the excitement. The low creature that seeks employment in gather ing the loathesotne offal of the camp and battle field would be busy in making border difficul ties. The military spirits, who delight in the * trumpet’s clangor and the cannon’s roar,’ would ba active in animating their country to an appeal to arms. At such times, what would be the condition and disposition of our slave population 1 restless, impatient, and insubordi nate. In every campaign, we should be in continued apprehension of a domestic insurrec tion. But this Union is to be dissolved, by seces sion temporary or perpetual, and all is to be peace and prosperity. For this remedy, I entertain the profoundest contempt. It will be attended with all the disastrous consequen ces of revolution without one of its benefits. I say nothing as to the right under the con stitntien. If it does not ex st, then I concede it. Power gives the right. The Federal Government in my opinion, would be power loss to retain the smallest State in the confede racy against bar consent. But concede that all the slave States determine to secede. Do the advocates of this peaceable remedy see no difficulty at the threshold 7 When they secede, will demand their proportion of the pub lie do ::aia, the navy and all other public pro perty. And just as soon as the demand was made, t would be rejected by the tree-soil States. Here would be cause for war. If the administration of the Federal Government has become so unjust and oppressive that it can bo no longer tolerated, and all hope of re dress under the constitution is de paired of, hoist at once the banner of revolution, march to the Federal Capital, and take, as Cromwell and Bonaparte did, the Executive and the abo lition members of Congress, and have the government, if yon can retain it, administered your own way. But suppose we escape all the difficulties and dangers to which I have but briefly adver ted, how Jong wonld the new confederacy act in harmony. The politicians would soon discover irreconcilable differences between the South, the West, and the more Northern members of the confederacy; and disappoin ted ambition would soon begin to preach a Mcond disunion, as the only remedy; and we , should soon exhibit the melancholy aspect of a parcel of little pitiful Republics, the misera ble vi jtems of never ending discord and sac- i tion. Os the numerous revolutions of which t we road in history, but [very few have ter ' miuatod in favor of human liberty No mat- 1 lor what motivo or Muse prompted them; t whether ambition, patriotism, or oppression, t it io a melancholy fact that all, but with a few t MMpUoae, ended sooner or later in the j arbitrary and dospotia Government of one man. This sad lesson of history should teach pationco and forbearance If we should determine to lay violent hands upon a Govern- 1 went of our own creation, the best that ever was or will bo again, it may not please Provi dence in his infinite goodnes, to give ns a second Washington to direct and control the storm, to calm and hush the tumultuous ele ments of faction and party rage. The mind in looking upon thio gloomy picture of hu man revolutions, is inclined to inquire into the Muses of their melancholy termination. The great man whose birth-day you propose ' to celebrate has given the reasons so forcibly in bis Farewell Address to his countrymen, that 1 Moaet forego the pleasure of giving it. “The alternate dominion of one faction over | another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, j natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despot ism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism The disor ders end miseries which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose, in tbe-aboolute power of an individual; and sooner er later, the chief of some prevail ing faction, mere able or more fortunate tbv in his competitors, turns this disposition to purposes of his own elevation'on the rr' |Qa o f pub] ic liberty.'* Yours retpeotfui' , To Messrs. A. H Chafyxll, awJ Committee. Jwdgw WarMV-e Letter. Thom who have r«*< Judge Bmtiu’i tetter to the MacouCommittee, Mill not be lew flaaaed and intereated with, that of Judge Wiun, which we oubjotu. Three gentle men are both Democrat, of the Old School, uniform, eonaistont bemoetate, both of whom have enjoyed in O. e higbeat degree, the confi dence of their parly, aa io attested by the fact that one eccnpioo a seat on the Bench of the Supreme and the other on the Superior Court of Georgia t Macon, Feb. 20, 1851. Ganl/amrnr—t have received your kind iovtta tlon to join in the propore I celebration of Wnahing tea’a birtb-day, no the 22d into., at thia place, eiltv . by nay preMace or counsels. The protracted » „ sloe of the Court which has just tatmioated, nr h tadiapcoMbty necereary that I should re' ... nay fa-ily, wttb as little d el ay .. poreibl. . c “™ " Vaotly, I cannot be with you in pciwrn on ' Saturday nut) nor do I suppose that my reinreta, wWch Mem to deaire will be ol much imrortr ... one. However, as 1 have no personal o . pXire “Z toreeta to advance, I will bri.dy «pr m t mT Individenl Viowe, io regard to the , , obitoi. year meeting. The annirersary of WuhiLion’a fartb-day adbrds an appropriate MCWM , friends of the Unioe, to tnsmfesl Ih<ir narked dia npprobalioo of all sectwnaf per « faction., hav ing far their object its dissolu jc,. by K _ caeiee es any one or more of u,e states, or other kindred measures ; and a, M to t>rer tantimony of chair ardent atuobmeat tr.tha prineipl.. of ccnstitu- Itenal Hborty, as forcibly, i oea t M m< ) , n th . Address ol him, who been so jnedy regarded as the Father of his Cor.ntry. What course aboil the people rs Georgia pursue to secure the eoov.nnal preservation of the Union, and protect their own interests under the Constitu. **on I In my judgment, that course was very pro. parly indieatsd by the retire of the late Conremion at Milledgeville. How shall panics be orgauisnl hereafter m this State, is a qaetotoe frequently asked by those who were most seelous and active in irenAmg doum the old Democratic and Whig ~ r . tire 1 Beretofore, the people were told that I**’!' toast he broken down, in order v, . jpeetSosthern party, to act in coooen w,th South and other States, in rasisttng t're action of the settlement slavery « Shedienee Is th. mandates of the leaders of kerb the Democratic anig Whig turtles, andespecially of th, o) p tewken down m Uu Stale, an . ford.leg.to.io th. °Tbte*b^k , l M d”' '"T F ”“’ e “<■ oM r»rtv lines it re. red ° ld '**’» '»« « th. time reaesnsgtreo, was _ m payment, entirely nnneceesnrv, so far u the De toaeraur' petty was oooearued; but lhe ac: was done, and a no* wane was made before the people ol Geor gia i that lame baa been decided at the ballot box, Ud iwk bu been the fonnaiwu ol'two new * IHi . prties, composed of the element, of ?”■ „ • >< * >*' tnic * l pertiea, to wit : the Consutu- Vaioe Party M>l Southern Rtgta. Reme ad defeated party, having asoerta'C- "j lhe Whig panto. K.foJ and Suua. 'be NaHaaai D* fete election in ibis wXX P * rt > "* ptetfora we. that Congrsm bad J p!£« J? ty under ths Coaatirotion. to i. aX -Wevreuna. thereto Wow to now of the foot, which h.., , w th,. St,,. th. last twelve momte, doe. th. Sombere Rwhu rnnyeamHMutoihoaM Democrenc petty or «* t . mere whited sepulchre, filled with nullification, re sistance, and such hire materials, which the great body of the old Democratic party, nerer did approve or sanction 7 Inasmuch as the old party lines were entirely broken up iu tbs late contest in this State, as effectually as they were in 1832, when the Union and State Rights parties were formed, every man is at liberty to take bis position upon that platform which, in his judgment, will best promote the wel fare and interest of his country. The Constitution al Union platform is broad enough for all the true friends of the Union to stand upon ; and I trust all who profess to be such, will take their position upon it without regard toold party lines, and then let the tree be judged by iu fruit. But it is said the great Constitutional Union party is a failure,that the great leading national politicians will have nothing to do with it. I greatly prefer that the Stales should or ganise Constitutional Union parties, and thereby control the national politicians, than that the national politicians should control the people of the States- When a majority of the people of the States, shall organize Coastitutknal Union parties within their respective limits, without regard to old party distinc tions, the national politicians will, 1 apprehend, find it to be to their interest to conform to public opinion in the States, rather then attempt to control it. As an individual, I shall continue to support such men for office, as in my judgment will prove faithful to the Constitution, and the Union, without regard to old party lines ; recognising as I do but two par ties in the Stile, the Constitutional Union party, and the Southern Rights party. Since the attempt to form a great Southern Resistance party out of the two old parties, the existence of a Democratic and Whig party is an obsolete idea. The Southern Rights party is just as much entitled to bo called the Union party now, as the old State Rights parly was entitled to have been so called in 1833. 1 stood upon the Union platform then. I stand upon the Union platform now, and because Messrs. Toombs, Ste pl.ens, and others, have thought proper to occupy the same position, I shall not abandon it on that account The names of old party politicians have no terrors for me, when the vital principles of the Government are involved. So long as the Constitutional Union party shall continue to be faithful to the Union, and the principles of the Constitution, I shall act with them, without regard to the men who may compose that party—believing as I do, that in the present condition of things, the welfare and interest of the whole country will best be promoted thereby. lam opposed to sectional factions, both North and South. Be pleased, Gentlemen, to accept the assurance of my very high regard and esteem, while I remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant, | Hiram Warner. To Messrs. A. H. Chappell, and others, Com mittee. Tian Macon Celebration. Tke Maeon Citisen eon tai as the following p volunteer sentiments given at the dinner in 1 Maeon on the 22d February: * Sent by the Hon. Howell Cobb: [ 7Ae memory of Washington and Jackson.— 1 All honor to rhe memory of Washington. As ’ was the father of tbx Union. All honor to the memory of Jackson, he taught us both by precept and example that Tai Union of Wash 1 tsoToir mast be preserved. By John B. Lamar: ( The People of Georgia.—lt is their nature to prefer exercising their rights, to brooding over imaginary wrongs. The proud position of , Georgia, in the confederacy, is a worthy lesli -3 monialofthe “Wisdom, Justice, and Modera tion” of her Sons. f By Hon. Jas. A. Meriwether: > The late Convention.— The Unioa of Demo crats and Whigs, for the maintenance of our . glorious Union, was a triumph of patriotism over party of wisdom over faction. May both , Unions be perpetuated. • By R R. Cuyler: Georgia's greatest need —A liberal and ex tended system of public Education. ' By Dr. Robt. Collins : The Banner of our great National Union, with UsThirtyone Stan. — May their number be in creased but never reduced, and may it be the protecting flag of our children, as it has been of our Fathers, and ancestors; may they live 1 under it as citizens, and if necessary, may they die under it as soldiers. By James A. Nisbet: , Robert Toombs, Howell Cobb, and Alexander , H. Stephens, the rising Statesmen of the South , A noble triumvirate oftalents and true cliivalxy. I Let them continue true to their section, ilfas , trating at the same time the dignity and. na tionality of American Statesmanship, and the , highest honors of the Republic await them. By Dr. L. F. W. Andrews: Massachusetts and South Carolina.- The Scylla and Charybdis of our political coast. Under the guidance of a skilful pilot, and manned by patriots, the National Flag Ship shall yet clear the Wack whirlpools of the one and the treatening breakers of the other. By Gen. B. Mitchell, of Mississippi: Georgia: The Empire State of the South. Her railroads and manufactories speak to the Northern States in arguments of thunder tones louder than the battle's blade and cannon’s roar. By Charles A. Nisbet: The United Stales: ‘ Distinct like the bil lows—one like the sea.” By 8. T. Chapman: Secession: Temporary or permanent, is but an other name for disunion ; he who advocates the former, does so, because he has not nerve to proclaim himself in favor of the latter; or believes that the people are too honest and too patriotic to sanction his treasonable de signs. By a Guest: The Coffin Regiment: It was drafted by Towns, drilled by Colquitt, and most essen tially dressed by Cobb. Like the Indiana Re giment at Buena Vista, it is now among the missing, as both officers and men swear they never belonged to it. By W. K. DeGratfenroid : The Union Party of Georgia: May its des tiny in the future, be as magnificent, as its put success has been glorious. Union Nomination.—At a meeting of a portion of the Constitutional Union party of Bibb county, held in the Court house yester day, Judge C- B. Cole acting as Cha.vman and Bimri Rose as Secretary, the following Delegates were appointed to attend the Guber natorial Convention, to be hold in Milledge ville in June next, via: Joseph Bond, James W. Armstrong. 8. T. Chapman and- W. K. DoGrafrenreid. The Chairman wm also au thorized to appoint an Executive Committee with reference to a more thorough organize tion of the parly in the country. — Journal Sf Messenger. Pension Appropriation Bill for the year cod ing June 30, 1852: Revolutionary pensions under set March 18, 1818458,000 Invalid pension*soo,soo Widows and orphans’ aeta July 4, 1836, and Jidy 11, 1848640.760 Widows’ act July 7,183860,000 Widows’ act March 3, 184320,000 Widows'act June 17, 1844, and Febru- ary 2, and July 29, 1648862,640 Half pay pensions, widows, <Se., acts 1813 and 181610,000 T0ta152,151,911) Post Ogies Affroptislions.— The following appropriation* am made for the service of the Poat Ofice Department for the year ending June 30, 1852: Transport of mails, Oregon and California inclu ded>3,476,ooo Do. to Bremen and Havre by steatusbipa* ••267,000 lk>. •cr.jag Isthmus Panama4s,ooo 1,975,000 ?**.ip, steamboat and way letters4s.ooo vV rapping paper* 35,000 Olßce furniture9,ooo Advertising••Bo,ooo Mail bags36,ooo 81ank535,050 Mail leeks, keys and stamps* • 10/000 Mail depredationsand special agents Clerks m office postmasters 4?5,000 Miscellaneous items 80,000 New mail locks and keys«> ..25,000 Maps of post routes6,ooo Incidental expenses California pent offi- 66,000 T0ta156,550,U00 3«c. 2—Authorizes the appointment of letter carriers in California and Oregon, who are to receive a compensation not exceeding five cents (or every letter, twe cents for every newspaper, and two cents for every ounce of other inailabk matter which they may deliver. Sac. 3. -.Authorizes lhecompromise, where it is deer j«d expedient, of fines, penalties, for feiturer , S«r,. 4—Authorizes the P. M. General to allow z gpectal agents hereafter a salary of $L 64K, per annum, provided that no more shall e expended this year than is appropriated by the act. AtloAHta asd LaGkazoz Railboad.—On Monday last we availed ourself of a polite in vitation to take a ride upon the Atlanta and LaGrange Railroad, from this to Palmetto, a distance of twenty-five miles. The road is completed the whole distance with the excep tion of about a half mile immediately this side of Palmetto, where they come in contact with a bed of Granite which has delayed its com pletion a few days longer than was anticipa ted. It is hardly necessary to say that we were highly delighted with the excursion. The en tire road, as far as completed, is laid with hea vy T. railing, which is laid on the crossties without the use of stringers, and the cars pass over it with scarcely a jar. The whole super structure is very heavy, and of the beat mate rial, and we have no hesitancy in pronouncing it rhe finest road in Georgia. While the cars delayed, some half dozen of ■s walked up to Mr. Menifee’s where we had an excellent dinner, and took a general survey •f the town. There are several stores open ed, a blacksmith shop. Jac Ac., and something like a dozen new houses going up. From ap pearances there is a prospect of quite a flour ishing village. The Depot is going up rapid ly, and will be completed in a short time, but we think that the pillars upon which it rests, are hardly in keeping with the work which characterizes the road. We suppose, howev er, that they are intended to be merely tempo rary, as they could not sustain any considera ble'weight as they are.— AtUmU Rspub. Loss or tuk Brio Eubora, of Eastport. —By the arival at this port yesterday, of the barque Lucerne, from New Orleans, we learn that she spoke on the sth inst., in Lat. 25° 24 z . Long. 79° 3T, the Br. barque Anabella (of Glasgow) from Cardenas, bound to Cork for orders, and took from her Capt. W. A. Math ews and crew, late ol the brig Eudora. Capt. M. ictbrins us ihat the Eudora was from Cien bound to N- Y., and that on the night of the 3d mat .being betwee i Cape Florida and Gun Key. and blowtng a f rom lhe Nonb East, came in contact wuh the british barque Anabella. The Eudora was struck near the foremast and cut down to me water’s edge; she then immediately fell along side oi the Anabella. and came in contact several times, breaking in her enure broadside and compelling the crew to quit her immediately, saving only what they stood in. The two veasels were separated with some difficulty when the Eudora fell astern and no doubt went down soon after Tr e Anabella had ail her spars taken out of her to the lower masts, .-ind is severely damaged in her hull. The Endure had on board a full cargo of Sugar. The Anabella is loaded with Molasses and will endeavor to make this port for repairs.—CA. Cour. THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL - - '• ■- W -- BY WILLIAM S. JONEP. TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY. Officein Railroad Bank Buildings. DAILY PAPER,porannum (fientby mail,)oo TRIWEEKLY “ “ 400 WEEKLY PAPER •• 2 00 AUGUSTA, GA.: WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH IS. “SEND US A SUBSCRIBER! - Readxr, as heretofore announced, we contem plate making decided improvements in the Chronicle &. Sentinel, some of which are already settled upon. To do this we must in cur heavy additional responsibilities, and we ask you, each and every one of you, to send us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER: It is promoting your own interest to do so for as eur means increase, we shall apply them to the improvement of our paper, and if each of you will send us only one new subscriber, and many of you can send ten or twenty, it will enable us to make a journal of which every true Georgian shall be justly proud. How many of you will send us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER 1 TO POSTMASTERS. Is ordering a paper changed from one poet office to another, you should always be par ticular to designate to what post office the paper has been previously sent And in returning papers to the publishers, you should never fail to mark the name of the post office from which they are returned. The observance of these two things on the part of postmasters, will save publishers much (rouble in looking over long lists of names to find the right one. GT Will our subscribers show this para graph to their postmasters, and ask them to re collect it. “Tl»e Southern Patriot,” Thu is the title of a very handsome, and elegantly printed Tri-Weakly and Weekly pa per, the first number of which, has just been issued inGreenville, South Carolina, under the editorial control of B. F. Perry and C. J. Elford. We have for some time looked forward with interest to the issue of this journal, be cause we regarded it the germ of a new and permanent political organization in South Carolina, the nucleus around which would concentrate the conservative men of the State, to battle in the cause of constitutional liberty and the Union. And we are pleased, gratified to perceive that our anticipations of its course and influence are likely to be realised. Maj. Perry, tho principal editor, is not without experience in his vocation and not unknown to fame, as a bold, independent, free thinker, an able writer, and disinterested patriot, and we most cordially welcome him to the field of labor, in which we feel assured he will garner a rieli and abundant harvest—a harvest of conservatism, which, to the true patriot, is of priceless value in this age of ultraism and fanaticism. The editors make their bow in a neat, very appropriate and well written Address, in which they refer the reader to the late speech deliver ed by M.ij. P., in the South Carolina Legisla ture, as rm index to their views on Federal re lations. This speech, which we have read with much and sincere pleasure, notwithstand ing our dissent from some of its positions, is an able and powerful argument against the Quixotism predominant in the last Legislature of thatSitate, and a noble tribute to the Union and Constitutional liberty. In this respect it is worthy,—eminently worthy of the head and heart, thal: conceived it—of the purest days of the Republic. Enter taining these views of the "Patriot," we shot i|d do injustice to our own feelings not les e than tho great cause in whose sup port w e feel assured it will occupy a com rnandi ng position—not to commend it to tho patror iage of the public generally and especial ly to < Carolinians—not less to the conservative men of that State, than to all those however ultra in their notions, who would desire to form a correct and intelligent opinion on the great and absorbing questions of the day. The ‘‘Patriot’’ is published Tri-Wezzly at $3, and the Wexzly at $1.50 per annum in advance. Address Pkrrt & Elford, Greenville, H South Carolina Mr. Rhett—The Fugitive Slave Law, That our readers may see how admirably Mr. Rhztt coincides in opinion and co ope rates with Szward, Halz, GiDDises & Co., we subjoin a sketch us his remarks in the Sen ate during the debate on the reference of the President’s Message. Mr. Rmztt is certainly a wonderful man of rare powers and extraor dinary attainments; and, with a perfect “ Sir Oracle ” air, assumes the very modest position that the Supreme Court—such men as Mar shall, Storzy, Tabb.y, and a host of others who have adorn«d that bench, and Madison, Clat, Wzbstru, and all the other distinguish ed statesmen of the country, have been totally ignorant of t’ne constitutional powers of the government, which some of them contributed to frame, ar/d others have elucidated for near half a cs ntury ! How unfortunate for the country that the luminous light of this extreme ly mocLeot Senator has been so long hidden.— Like < Jiddinos & Co., he has discovered thu the F’ ugitive Slave Laws of 1793 and 1851 are un'-onwitutional, and like them, we doubt not, h'd will very much regret to see the latter exe •cuted: “Mr. Rhett Jid net believe the law could be exe cuted even by all the force and power of the Go vernment to enforce it. No law could be executed unless there was a concurrent feeling in favor of the law in the people anwng whom it was to be enforced. It could not even be executed in those States where there way be a major ity io favor of its execution. A well-organized ini nori tv could resist it successfully. It could be evaded and disregarded without open re sistance. Clubs and organised bodies could be form ed to give notice to fugitives to escape, to give them the means of escape, to t.hrow obstacles in the way of oxecuti ng the law, to pu t the master to costa great er than t' ie value of his sdave. Thia could be dose by a sin nil minority of the people. “He contended ihat by accepting this law for the recover y of fugitive slaves tite South had given up a better and surer remedy, tob<i found in the Gonsti tutior, itself He read the two clauses in the Con stitu/.ion : one requiring fugitives from justice to be delivered up on demand of the governor us the State whence he tied ; the other that persona bound to ser vice and labor escaping, &c., thall be delivered up on claim by the master. These clauses, ire consider ed., made it the imperative duty of the States to deli ver the fugitives. There was no qualification of the clauses in the Constitution. C wgresa had no pow ers, except those expressly grante<i by the Constitu tion. There was no power given in the Cowslitution to Ongress to interfere with or control this subject '♦Vho could doubt but that the act of 1793 and the act es 1850 were both uneooetitationad. Had Congress a,ever interfered with the subject, but had left it en tirely and exclusive?/ to the States, xrhoee duty to the Constitution imperatively declared to be todeli v. ir up the fugitive, it would have been done. With th one States they could have done a? was done with Grreat Britain, who, daring two wars, enticed a n amber of negroes to run off. By treaty it was stip q Iflted that the negroes should be returned, or Great BiHa in should pay their value. Great Britian paid fe <r them. They had agreed with lhe tree States that tl iese fugitives should be delivered up. and if they w ere not delivered up, they would demand their v slue. He read the acta of 1793, relative to the de li very of fugitives from justice and from labor, and n. .aintained they were both unconstitutional, for Coo g rose had nothing whatever to do with the subject. He read from the decisions of the Supreme Court < I eci ding that the act of 1793 was constitutional, and replied to the arguments and reasoning of the Court. He contended that ths argument of the Court was pure consolidation doctrine. He had no fear of any imputations that might be thrown upon him. Hs had upon entering public life eatirfied himself that a pub lic man must bear such things with calmness. He might be charged with being closely connected with the abolitionists; this charge he would also disre gard. He thought lhe abolitionists would rejoice if lhe army and navy and the militia should be seen te Boston to enforce a law upon the people and to crush a sovereignty. He regarded the present state of affairs as t&e result of the growing consolidation c »easuree. He adverted to the acta of the last session, b y which the South bad been ignominously s tri pt of a !l share in the vast acquisition? which wereobtain • Iby common means. She bad been exclucad from a II participation in these rich lands. She had been a xcluded. while they were thrown open to foreigners o f every tongue, and even to lhe cod vieta of Botany F -ay; while the Southern people, the ecm peers of tl is North, were denied. “ Mr. R. pursued the subject at some length, ar g ning that the result of the legislation of the last si seioa, lhe Fugitive Slave Law. and ibe proposition te clothe the President with the powers suggested, w ere all acts tending to a consolidation of lhe powers ol the Government. “He also alluded to the great change which bad u ksu place in the Demccra.ic party, and regretted it s depart are from ths old republican platform." Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Co., the eminent L iverpool Merchants, and Agents for the C oliins Line of Steamships, announce the re ti re me nt of Mr. Joseph Shipley on accennt of i! health, and that Mr. Mark Wilks Collett will j< in the firm. Middletown. Ct . March 3. —A destructive ■ re occurred here yesterday morning, which b roke out in the etore of Mr. Parmelee, de al roving that, with the stores of J. C. Booty H W. Johnson. A Pu.cam & Grants barber ah »p. The office of Benes’s U’s-raph and the Sentinel newspaper eMee wsre ahe de stroyed. The loss is about #2U.OUU. partly oev vred by into rance. Louisville au<l Nashville Railroad. Wr observe with much pleasure that the citizens of Nashville, Tennessee, and Louis ville, Kentucky, as well as the people in the intermediate country along the contemplated line of Railroad, are becomeing quite in earn est on the subject of building a Railroad from Nashville to Louisville. Meetings have been hold t in Louisville and iu several counties along the line, and spirited resolutions adopted expressive of their appro bation of the project; and wo now observe that Nashville has also moved in tho matter, and has at a public meeting appointed the following delegates to attend a Convention at Elizabethtown on the llhinsl; the object of which is to devise the ways and means to con struct the road by tbe most useful and prac ticablo route, viz: Eugene Underwood, Esq ; Col. V. K. Stevenson, W. N. Bilbo, Esq.; Dr. C. K- Winston ; Dr. W. K. Bowling; Dr. W. P. Jones; Jno. E Gleares, Esq ; D. F. Carter; E. P. Connel; S. D. Morgan and A. W. Johnsen. From tho subjoined resolution of Col. Ste venson, which was unanimously adopted by the meeting, we infer that the citizens of Nashville are thoroughly aroused to the ne cessity and importance of a well digested sys tem of internal improvements: “ Resolved, T hat a public meeting be called through the newspapers, to be held at the Court House, in Nashville, on Thursday 20:h of March next, to tako into coniiJarativn the subject of Inter nal Improvement in Middle Tennessee.” This augurs well for Tennessee, and we feel assured from the known perseverance and in domitable energy of some of those who are interesting themselves in this great work, that no steps backward will bo taken. A high and noble destiny, therefore, aw aits this great State, and its attainment is certain at an early day if her sons are true to themselves, the State and their own interests. Let their motto be “onward,” and every succeeding year will but chronicle her advancing prosperity and her increasing wealth, and the 'nippiness and improvement of her people. Centralization. The Greenville (So. Ca.) Patriot, has a very forcible and well written communication, set ting forth the deleterious effects, as illustrated in history, of contralizaiion in government, from which the following pertinent extract is made, as peculiarly adapted to South Carolina, ani which eminently deserves to be well and maturely considered by her people: \ ■ “ Soulli Carolhia lias for many years opposed ever C' tendency to Centralization in the General Govern ment, but, in directing her attention to ibis point, she seems to have omitted paying sufficient attention to tbe avoidance of Centralization at home. la watch ing and destroying the weed in front, she has allow ed it to grow in tbe rear. Our Legislature centres all power within her own focus, tar more so than the government of any other State does. Our Governor has no power; our Districts have no County adminis tration ; the people have no voice in tho Presidential election—the Legislature elects and appoints nearly for all offices. South Carolina, in thia respect, is a little France. Our leading men have assiduously endeavored to prevent the growth of parlies; we have no opposition; all our papers are on one side. Yet, essential freedom cannot exist without a rigo rous though loyal opposition-—it is the breath of life in tbe nostrils of Freedom. It was for want of a pro perly understood opposition that all power in antiquity invariably verged to absolutism, whether popular or monarchical. It was for want of an opposition in the modern sense that all dissent from the ruling power in tho middle agee became sedition, and it is the pro per understanding of an opposition, ever since tbe limes of George the First or Queen Anno, that has made the House of Commons tbe real seat of Go vernment, and Great Britain the regal Republic she truly is. “ Tbe effect of this elate of things with us has been that the people at large tako lees interest iu measures which essentially affect tie than in other States, and that leaders exercise a far greater power. Even in tbe last momentous elections, the number of votes polled tn many Districts is much below thul which appears at many minor elections, where personal dis likes and favors enter aa an element of the election. Tho election in many Districts was languid, and in many cases, cilixans voted for persons epposed to the opinion they themselves helu, because the election was not considered with sufficient interest—because the people are accustomed to Centralization—because they are willing to leave matters, even such matters as are now at issue, in the bonds of Laders. “ This is not as it ought to be,—this is not repub lican—this is neither grave nor manly. There can be nr doubt that hail all the voters turned oat, and had they exclusively voted upon tbe great question, taking the names of the persons voted for as mere symbols—in one word, had they all voted, and voted upon the question before them, and not upon men— the result of tho ballot box would have beeu very different.” The New Calumny upun Mr. Webster —We publish a sketch of the extraordinary speeches made by Mr. Allen, tho Abolitionist member from Mass-ch users, in the House es Representatives, on Tuesday night and Wed nesday, with the replies of his colleague, Mr. Asbmun. Mr. Allen, tho reader will see, charges the illustrious Secretary of State with agreeing to assume his preseuthigh office, upon consideration of being paid the sum of SSO, (K 0 by certain brokers in New York and Bos ton. Tho ind guunt denial of Mr. Webster, through Mr. Ashtnuu, must discredit, though it cannot shame, the wre'ched calumniator, before tho worl I. The public has not yet for gotten, says the Richmond Times, the futile attempt of [a more potent adversary than Mr. Allen, Mr. Charles Jared Ingersoll, to blacken the reputation of Daniel Webster, and with what terrible confusion the accuser was over whelmed by the recoil of his own slanders. Such exhibitions as those made in the House by Allen and Giddings on Wednesday, may have one good effect, in convincing the North ern people to what depth of degradation men are carried by Abolitionism. Thoir traitorous hate for the Constitution is disclosed in their malignant spite against its most eminent de fender. Georgia Brooms. —Through the politeness of Messrs. Lewis Jt Shackelford we have been fur nished with a broom from the Factory of M. P. Quillian, Esq. of Dahlonega. For neatness of workmanship it is inferior to none which we have seen, and as cheap as any which coifie to this market. We hope that merchants in future will consult their interests as we’l as State pride by giving Mr. Quillian their orders.— Atlanta Republican. O.ik of thu first things to be done in laying the foundation of a great work, is to "clean up,” preparatory to commencing work, and wo are pleaded to perceive that Georgia is pre paring the implements for “sweeping out.” And now that she is under weigh, those who are familiar with lhe enterprise and industry of her people, will require no assurance that she will very soon sweep out most successfully Northern brooms, together with many other articles for which she is now dependent on the North. The motto of Georgia is 41 to build up the South,” by relieving herself and her people from that state of dependence upon the North which they have so long occupied. She will thereby increase the wealth, prosper? ty and happiness of her people, and teach the North a lesson by which oven fanaticism, and those who countenance it, as well as the Don Quixofs of the South may profit. By the way, speaking ol Brooms, reminds us to commend to lhe attention of our plant ing friends, the communication of Augustin Grkbnx, Esq., and to suggest to them the expo diency of planting a few acres in Broom Corn, byway of experiment. 44 If you never try, you’ll never do anything.” A New Book, Tmz City Merchant or thk Mystzrious Failure —By J. B. Joaxs—lllustrated with ten engravings. Lippincott, Grambo & Co., Philadelphia. This is an admirably told story founded upon events which actually occurred io 1836, in lhe order in which they are narrated ; and aa it is especially designed to guard young merchants and those connected with commerce against those snares which bat to frequently beset and entrap (he young and unsuspecting, it may be read with profit by all classes and especially the yeung merchant. For tale by T. Rick ards & Son. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. —The March number of this valuable monthly, is on our table—containing its usual variety of orgin&l communications, and miscellaneous matter. The work is published in this city by James McCafferty, and edited by Professor L. A. Ducas—price three dollars per annum in advance. Thx Public Debt. —Mr. Dawson announc ed in Congress on Saturday that at the end of the present fiscal year the public debt of the United Stateswill be ana hundred millions of dollars. A Block for thx Mosumkst.—The Talla dega (Ale,) “Reporter,” says: “We were shown* few day* since a beautiful block of Mar ble in coarse of preparation for the Washing ton .M onotnent.by order of the Grand Lodge of A Y. Maeons of this State ; under the super intendence of Messrs. S. H. Dixon and John H. Moore of this place. The following will be the inscription when completed. ALABAMA MARBLB. Preeeated by Thk M. W. GrasoLodcx. of Frxe A*t> Accrrrao Masosb of the State of Alabama, To Tmk National Wasbington Momumbbt Association. Also the Seal of the Grand Lodge. “The Marble was taken from a quarry in this County, and will compare favorably with any contribution that has er may be made." By a dispau-h. from the Agents, we learn that u*e steam-ship Alabama arrived at Savannah last night iu 65 boars from New York, with 75 paseeager* aud a fall freight. Meillcal College of Georgia. Tar very interesting ceremony of confer ring tho Degree of M. D., upon the graduat ing class of this institution took place on Tuesday last at the Masonic Hall, before a large andience of ladies and gentlemen, who wore very agreeably entertained by a very ap. propriate Address from Dr. C. T. Quintard, of Roswell, Cobb county, and a Valedictory by Dr. R. E. J. Thomfson, one of the graduating Class, in which we are pleased to learn, both gentlemen acquitted themselves with much credit. We learn from the report of tl.e Faculty to the Board of Trustees, that the number of Students in attendance upon tho Lectures of the Institution, during the Session just closed, was 159, of whom 127 were from Georgia, 13 from Alabama, 12 from South Carolina, 2 from Mississippi 1 each from Ohio, Tennessee, N. Carolina, Kentucky and Arkansas. We subjoin a list of the Graduates: W. 8. Harden Savannah, Ga., R. H. Oakman Augusta, J. T. Reid...... ..Union Co , “ E. A. Jones Early “ “ J. P. McCord, —Columbia co., Ga. Rodney Burkeßurke Co., Ga. J. G. Mathis “ “ “ B. F. Bentley Lincoln “ “ GH. Hunter. Warren “ “ M. P. DkadwylerMadison’ “ J. L. Hushes Floyd “ “ A. L. Patten *• << « N. F. HowardLumpkin Co.. Ga. Hezekiah Witcher.... Meriwether Co •* M. S. Durham Oglethorpe “ " A. A. JebniganGreene Co., “ J. R. Askew Pike “ “ W. P. Ragland..---. —Meriwether Co “ W. W. StandiferEarly Co., Geo. J. J Cooper Warren “ “ Wm. Johnson DeKalb “ “ Sterling Gibion Warren “ ” D'Cousey Antony Burke “ ” R. E. J Thompson...... ” " “ 8. B Simmons Augusta, “ T. W. S«hlky... “ “ R. W. Oliver. Scriven co., ” J. T. Groves. Cobb “ " A. P. AlldayLumpkin ” ” J. C Buchana«Talbot " " F. R. Oglethorpe, “ H. J GaltCherckee “ ” JB. Hall. Baker " “ W. A. J. Anderson Cobb “ “ J. W. Young Z. P. LandrumLexington, " W. Roll Augusta, W.C. Sheridan Talbot county “ B. B. Bailey.. Columbia” “ R. A. Dickinsoh,..Baker county, Ga. J. G. Williams Greene •’ ’’ Samuel Eoyd,Washington co. “ J. L-Lamar,Autauga “ Ala. W. L. Mill:gamDale “ “ W. L. Heflin..Randolph “ “ R. P. H. HeacockTaladega " “ O. P. MasbumHenry " Ga. J. H. LatimerLaurens Dist., S. C. W. J. West,.Edgefield Disc.. “ T. J. Young.... Monroe, Co., Tenn. The Class numbers 50, which is the largest ever graduated at the institution. Nashville axd Looisvillißailroap.—The Louisville Journal says: “A distinguished gentleman who has taken an active part in public meeting, in the southern part of the State upon the subject of this railroad, speak ing of what the counties and cities on the route will subscribe, says there is no doubt at all Nel son, will pot down $230,000, Larue $50,000. Hart SIOO,OOO. Berrien $250,000, Allen SIOO,OOO, Summer $300,000, Naabville $500,- 000, and Louisville $1,000,1X10, making an ag gregate of s2,sso,ooo—which is $50,000 more than Mr. Stevenson, the President of the Nash ville and Chattarir>oga road, says will complete the work.” Fcgitivb Slave Bill.—A friend recently showed us, says the Alabama Journal, a para graph from a letter received 6y him from a planterof Fauqnier county, Va., in which he speaks of the good effects of the fugitive tlavo bill in preventing the absconding of negroes to tho free States. He says that previous to this law, their losses from this cause were in creasing annually—that crowds of valuable ne groes went off every summer, but that since the passage of the act they dare not venture. New Post Vfvicks.—The following new Post Offices have been established in Georgia: Oak Ridge, Meriwether co., Cvrvs J Glow er, P. M ; Nochaway, Randolph co., Seaborn J. Thomas, P. M.; Brick Store, Newton co., Isaac H Parker, P. M. “Ark,” in DeKalb county, lias been discontinued. Cholera nr Tesskssek.—The Nashville Banner of the 3rd inst., has the following post script: “We are informed by a gentleman who left Franklin yesterday afternoon that there were three deaths in that place from 9 o'clock the night previous to his departure, and one more person was expected to die. The dis ease is said to bo Cholera, and wo understand the people th*ero-ara very much alarmed.” Cou.vtbrkkit Bills of the denomination of •ne hundred dollars on the Bank of Mobile are in circulation —all persons should bo on their guard, when bills of this denomination are presented to them. The spurious bills are easily detected by re ference to the President’s name, which is spelt Htllelt instead of Hallett. Harper’s New Mosthlt Magazirk, for March, is on our table. The opening article, “ Snug, ” is a Poem of rare merit, elegantly illustrated with fifteen beautiful engravings on Wood. The remainder of the table of contents, comprising many articles from somo of tho favorite writers of Europe and America, presents a most at tractive bill, and we most cordially commend it to public favor. For sale by J. A- Carrik & Co. Ehigratios.—Advices from Great Britan? by the recent steamers state that the emigra tion to America this year will exceed anything heretofore witnessed. In Ireland especially, there appears to be a fixed determination among thousandsto come to the United States, where they believe there is plenty of work and good pay. A great Cathedral is projected by the Ro man Catbolics in Washington City. It is es timated to cost $1,000,090, and it is to be paid for by contributions from the Catholics in the Union and by donations from Europe. A lot of ground 300 feet square has been seenred i for it. Firas in Utica —There have been so many fires recent'y in Utica, that the Common Coun cil, with the Insurance Companies, have offer ed a reward of seven hundred and fifty dollars for the apprehension of any one concerned in setting fire to any building in that city during the present year. The concern referred to in the annexed arti cle from the New York Courier of Tuesday morning hai published its advertisements ex tensively throughout the country. The pros pect seems to be a bad one both for newspaper publishers and purchasers of tickets: Another Lottery Concern Broken Up.— l. Towns end, Secretary of a concern called the “World’s Fair Art Union Company,”—situated al No. 50 Wall street—was arrested yesterday by officer Cresset of the Lower Police Gouit, charged with swindling persons by receiving money for lottery tickets, pro mising, if the lucky holder, to entitle him to a free passage to the World’s Fair, SIOO in money when he would get there, also advertising the same as an incorporated company by the New York Legisla ture. Townsend’s name is on lhe circular of the Company a< Secmt ary. The drawing was adver tised to take place on lhe 25th of March. This Company, from what can be ascertained, have already obtained about $15,000 by the course they have taken, and the Post Office has recently been flooded with letters from all parts of lhe country for this Company, with sums of money inclosed. Tht> complainant in the case is John E. Coleman, resid ing at No. 285 Madison street, and the prisoner was committed for examination by Justice Osborne. Stock of Cottom.—The stock of Cotton in Chattanooga on the 6th inst., was 2500 bales. In ColumbuF, Ga., oo the 4th inst., it was 17,780 bales. The Cotton Crop.—We have been per mitted to make the following extract from a private letter to a gentleman of Columbus, Ga., dated :— Columbus Times. Yasoo Citt, Feb. 21, 1851. In answer to your inquiry as to what portion of the crop is yet to go forward. I can only speak in refer ence to this p’acc and the surroutKling country, and the Ya>«> River for one hundred and fifty miles above this to ju> mouth. lam of opinion that from 80 to 90 per cent, of :he crop in these sections of country has gone forward ; our receipts here now, and for the past two week?, have been very light. From the bead tributaries of this river for the past four or five ■weeks, there has gone forward a pretty large amount of cotton ; but my opinion is that the great bulk has now gone forward. I believe there will be a gr“«t tailing off in the receipts at New Orleans during the month of March. Thk Cotton Crop.—The following ex tract of a letter dated Wetumpka, March 3rd, 1851, to Franlin Robinsom of Mobible, in reply to one of his circulars,_we find in the Mobile Advertiser: 44 Your favor came duly to hand, and would have been answered sooner, bat for ’.he diffi culty of getting ail the returns from the dif ferent warehouses, wbicn I have just accom plished, and hand you result: Stock on hand Ist Sept, 1860, bales Since received o'i dr Amoint probably to be received* 2,1 w 20,900 “ I will remark there will be a falling off at this place of some 1,000 or I.dOO bales, a large por iou of which has gone to Charleston and Sarannah by railroad We generally receive here from 22 to 25,000 bales. Steck on band at this date, 5.929 bales.” A not lier New Cotton Gin and Press. A short lime since we chronicled the intro duction of Parkhurst’s new and improved Cotton Gin, and we now have the pleasure of announcing another, upon a different plan, which the inventors, Messrs. Sargent & Brt ant of Lowell, Mass., claimed to be superior to the gins now in use, for picking the cotton from tho seed and cleansing it from motes and trash, without injuring the staple or fibre. Attached to the machine is a press, also upon an improved plan, which is propelled by the same power, which packs the cotton as fast as ginned, and such is its power, that a bag of 500 lbs. weight is compressed within much lets space (one-third) than any press now in use, and with less injury to the cotton. This press, however, may be attached to any other gin with equal facility as this. The gin and press will in a short time be ready for exhibi tion, when tho public will be invited to witness their operation and judge for themselves. They were both on exhibition at the late Fair of tho “Massachusetts Charitable Me chanics Association/’ at Boston in September last, and were awarded a silver medal. We subjoin a copy of the report of the Committee, which the reader will perceive expresses a very favorable opinion of the merits of the machine: The Committee would remark that no one of their number is familiar with the ginning of Cotton by the modern machinery, which has, doubtless, been more or lees perfected by tho march of improvements so plainly seen in almost every mechanical contrivance, and therefore they do not feel fully competent to de cide upon the relative mcritsof this machine. They, however, have the pleasure of being aUle to state that, at the time they were first examining it, there hap pened to be present an intelligent gentleman from the cotton growing districts of the South. He also examined it, and had the kindness to favor the Com mittee with his views of its merits. As near as we can recollect, his impressions were, that its work was performed in a superior menner. that it cleansed the Cotton better than other Gins in ordinary use at the South, and that the most approved Gint would not more completely have stripped the seeds of their clothing, than the machine under examination. The peculiarities of this Gin, consist in the ar rangement of a series of steel combs, about one and a half inches wide, secured upon the surface of a cyl inder &f about twelve inches in diameter. The teeth of thvvWombs are very fine 4 protablgji tenth of an and three-eighths of an inch long.*rDi rectly upon the top of this cylinder abridge, (us we term it) is erected, of some eight or ten inches in height; the back side, or the side upon which the crude cotton is fed into the machine, is so curved as to afford an easy inclination for the unginned cotton to revolve ; the curved surface of this bridge is served with angular scores about three-quarters of an inch in width, extending from bottom to top, and forming, as it wsre, a series of saw-teeth ; these are supposed to be necessary not only to collect the seeds when in their last stages of ginning, but (he in clined angular edges formed by the projection aids we presume, much in tearing the fibre from the seed: —the bridge being placed so close upon the top of the comt-cylinder as not to permit seeds to pass. Near the back side of the comb-cylinder, and at such distance from it as to just admit the passage of a cleansed seed, rises a board of some ten or twelve inches in height, so as to form a sort of box. or recep tacle for retaining the unginned cotton. The ungin ned cotton being thrown into this receptacle the fibres which come in contact with the comb teeth are stripped from the seeds as they come in contact with the serrated bridge, and are then carried forward under it, where they are exposed to the action of a slowly revolving brush of some six inches in dia meter, whose office it is to brush motes, leaves, and other foreign matters from the cotton as it passes. Directly under the comb cylinder is a rapid revolv ing brush and fan. which brushes the fibre from the teeth of the comb, and blows it forward upon a sort of lap-machine; from this lap-machine it passes upon a revolving endless web, which carries it to a curious ly contrived packing press. And here ends the ope ration of the Cotton Gin, and for this we recommend a silver medal. The following commendation oftho Super intendents and Overseers of the principal mills in Lowell is equally favorable. The undersigned, having witnessed the opera ion of a new Ginning Machine and of a Press which bales Cotton in the form of a lap, and examined the condition of the cotton after being ginned and after being baled, are of the opinion that the cotton cannot be taken from the seed more perfectly, and that the operation of the baleing iu this manner leaves the staple uninjured in any way, and in a better condi tion to handle in working, than the ordinary method of baleing: James Hopkins, ] A. Hildreth, Wm. H. Flagg, of the Booth Andrew Blood, f Co’ton Mills Lowell, Paul Perkins, | Mass, Isaac Barrett, J Alex. Wright, Sup’l, Lowell Manufacturing Co Geo. Motley, Superintendant Appleton Co. John Avery, Agent Hamilton Manufacturing Co. Robert Thompson, Carder, Lowell Company. Rort Factory in Mobile.—The following notice of a new enterprise in Mobile, is but another evidence that the South is daily lay ing the foundation £of a true independence. The Manufacture of rope will very soon create a demand for hemp, and introduce its culture in the northern districts of Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee, where it may be cul tivated with equal success as in Kentucky and Missouri: A Nsw Enterprise.—Some few weeks since a couple of enterprising and experienced manufacturers from St. Louis, the Messrs. Ar nold, arrived in our city and commenced the manufacture of Rope. Up to this lime their operations have been carried on a few miles from the city, but they have now nearly com pleted a Rope walk GOO feet long, just beyond Bloodgood’s Factory- So soon as they move to their new location, they will be enabled to manufacture about five tons of hemp a week. They are now engaged in making what we be lieve they call packing yarn, which is used by the presses in the city in preference to the common bale rope, as it is so made that it does not stretch, no matter what maybe the pres sure. They will also be preparedto make any kind of cordage for ships, from a cable down. XVe are glad to learn that they soil all they can make, atid hope the demand and price will justify them in extending their business. If all the rope shipped up the rivers from this port was manufactured in Mobile, much better would it be for the country. Those men broke up an extensive establishment in St. Louis to come to Mobile, believing they could manufacture rope here iu the market where it is sold, and where they could learn exactly what kinds are needed, at a better ad vantage than could bo done in the West. They are, as we learn, after having partially tried the experiment, still of the same opinion. Enterprises like this should be encouraged. They not only benefit the country, but are the very life-blood of a city. It is, too, the only system through which we can build up a gen uine independence. No people ever were or ever can be, truly free and independent, who depend upon other nations or countries for almost everything they need. It is obviously the policy of our planters and factors to encourage thia rope factory, as well as the establishment of others. They can do this by giving the articles made at home, other things being equal, the preference. The Messrs. Arnold expect for the present to use horse power, but contemplate getting an en gine as soon as business will justify. They now employ twenty hancs.— Advertiser. Business in CHATTAseonA—The Gazette of the 6th inst., has the following notice in re ference to the River and business of that place : " The weather for several days past, has been warm, and vegetation is springing forth from its winter retreat. White we write, Thursday morn ing, the rain is falling from black and lowering clouds, and the prospect is favorable lor another season cf mud, rain and high waters. “ The Tennessee is in fine boating condition aud our gallant steamers are going ahead. Some of the largest class are engaged almost exclusively in the trade between Chattanooga and Decatur. Others are making trips as high up as Dandridge in East Tennessee, and Elkton and Fayet'eville, in Middle Tennessee. The “Lady of Augusta,” is a jaunty craft, of most beautiful finish aud fine machine power. A passenger on her first trip up to Dan dridge on the French Broad, gives us a glowing description of her powers, and the reception she met with in the new clearings in that fertile country. “ Arrangements have been made by which three of the steamers will keep up a regular paclcet line, (carrying the pass- ngers aud mail between Gunters ville and Decatur,) leaving on fixed days, Chatta nooga and Decatur, aid touching at intermediate points. “ The bankshave been lined with Plat boats, loadg ed with the rich vegetable and mechanical produc t’ona of East Tennessee, and with the more precious freight of women and children, bound to the wes tern States. We have noticed more movers this year than for the previous half dozen years. ‘•Produce is quiet. Cotton, the great regulator, has got so badly out of fix, that Produce holders and buyers don t know what to do. Our market is uow well supplied with all the leading articles. What will be the result of the present unlooked for tumble down in the price of cotton, a few more days will decide. We understand that the Charles ton and Augusta Banks that had agencies here and at Knoxville, with funds to advance on cotton and produce have ordered suspensions of business, and recalled the funds remaining in Agent.*’ hands. This will bare a tendency to further depress prices. “On Friday laa Mr. D. E. Gillespie sold 22,351 lbs. of Bacon, to gentlemen of Chattanooga, at9cts., hog round, and 3000 lbs. Lard at the same price. But cotton must continue to come up until the stuck on hand below is exhausted, as the New Or leans and Mobile markets are as flat as any other, and besides, those who have taken their cotton over the Shoals, for shipment on steamers from Tuscum bia and Eastport, cannot get it freighted, as the boats have mere than they can do, and refuse to re ceive cotton frciw above the Shoals.” Joseph Milligan, was yesterday elected Cashier of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company, vice John W. Wilde, resigned. Christians Sentenced to Death.—Ac counts from Madagascar state that in June last, eight thousand Christians, who had assembled at Imirena for worship were arrested by order of the Queen and condemned to death. Eigh teen had already been executed, when the rest found means to escape, fled to the palace of the Prince, and threw themselves upon his protection. The Prince accorded hi* protec tion in spite of the commands of his mother, who fearing a revolution, did not dare to per sist inker persecutions. The Christians were at last accounts in safety. The Prince h&d been several times to their prayer meetings, and hopes were entertained that when he reach ed the throne on the death of his mother, the policy of excluding foreign merchants from the port of Madagascar would be annulled. Major Noah has been attacked by a stroke of paralysis. He Las been perhaps the best newspaper editor in the United States. During the year 1850, $1'5,000 was raised arid spent in L'berian colonization by the American colonization Society, being more than in any previous year For the Chronicle 3? Sentinel. Broom Corn. The undersigned would respectfully inform the farmers of Greene county, that a Mr. E W. Warner, now at the North, a Broom Ma ker by trade, has given me the most positive promise, in a letter dated 29th February last, that he will leave for the South about the 15th inst., for the purpose of establishing a Broom Factory in this county; and he most earnestly requests that the planters of Greene county should raise Broom Corn for him. Mr. War ner wishes to carry on a large business, but how can he do it unless you aid him by raising the Broom Corn ? The quantity of Broom Brush that can be raised per acre vary® from 500 to 1,000 pounds; but putting it al the lowest figure, one acre will bring in tho hand some sum of S4O, a much better business than raising Cotton. “ Broomtedgc,” a writer well known to the readers of the Southern Cultivator, who gave a quotation from Dr. Lee. found in the January No. vol. 9th, page 7, speaking of farming in the valley of Connecticut, ways: “ Think of the Brush of Broom Corn being worth SSO to SBO per acre, at 5 cents a pound, and the seed worth, for feeding purposes, near ly as much as good oats.” “ How many hundreds of thousands of dol lars arc annually paid by the Southern people to northern farmers for Brooms to sweep our houses with? These things could be easily produced here, giving employment to many of the poorer classes, and a check to the over production of Cotton.” 1 will just here in form my brother “ Broomsedge’’ that I have been for the last two years working hard to bring about this very thing, and am glad that he has come to my aid. But I have done some thing more than write on the subject, I have now on hand 2,000 pounds of Broom Brush, ready for the manufacturer. If “ Broomsedge” or any ether person wants Broom Corn seed. I can supply them. Mr. Werner will give a model machine for cleaning broom corn to any citizen of the county that may apply to him and will give all the necesary information in respect to the cul ture and management of Broom Corn. On the arrival of Mr. Warner due notica will be given. From the 15th of April to the first of May is the best time to plant the seed, in rows three feet a part and eighteen inches in the drill, and from three to six stalks in a hill, according to tUp atuuig h. of lhe land. Jt is the wish of Mr. Warner to establish ITraefitdTtiTD- if he can get a anrf lhe far inert will raise the raw material for him. As 1 have had soma experience in the planting of the above crop I would take groat pleasure in giving such information to tho citizens ol Greene county as I am in possession of. J hope to see a fins specimen of Brooms made in this county exhibited at the State Fair, nexi summer, and especially at our Fair in Greens boro.’ A. Greink. Jes erson Hall, Greene co., Ga., March 7. For the Chronicle If Sentinel. The South aud her Slave Interests tn tlauger. Mr. Editor : In the calm, serious and care ful discussion of the above simple propositions, are involved principles of vital interest to the peculiar institution of the South. The com plicated texture of American slavery, its diver sified ramifications, extending, under our po litical organization, into the most in imate rela tions of life, its influence upon public opinion and the vast pecuniary interests involved in its existence, must necessarily give rise to a varie ty of conflicting opinions as to its nltimato destiny and tho agencies which control it either for weal or wo. It will be readily conceded that opinions which may have an influence up on interests so momentous, should be carefully weighed before a public expression of them is hazarded; and their influence upon the judg ment, even then, should ba determined by the weight of authority by which they are support ed. But on the other hand, wo should be equally guarded against allowing ourselves to be lulled into that incautious security which forbids us to anticipate dangers until it is upon us. In the ardor of our conflict with imagi nary political dangers, evils of the most per tentous aud threatening aspect, by our suffer ,.uce, if not connivance, are springing up broadcast over the land, and producing the very results against which our warfare has been directed, but which wo anticipated from a dif ferent source. While some incline to the be lie r that the recent acts of Congress threaten tho very existence of slavery, others express themselves satisfied that tho crisis is past, aud that its perpetuity is guarantied by the most solemn pledges of legislative authority; but we are free to confess that we entertain the opinion that the danger is not passed, neither do we look upon the acts of the lato Congress 1 as tho fountain from which ere to gush forth either the bitter waters of strife, trouble and ’ ruin, or the healing streams of peace and safety. ' The evils that environ and menace, with utter I destruction, the entire system of slavery, may be traced with unerring certainty to a hasty, unwise and incautious State legislation, which ! throws down the strongest safeguards to its security, and leaves it exposed to influences of the most injurious tendency. Freesoilisrn may ’ seek to appropriate to itself the balls of Con ! gress as a fit theatre for the display of its pteu ’ do-philanthropy, and may court political power j as the means of embodying its principles into the policy of the government; but slavery, tin ’ der the protecting power of State authority, and containing within itself the elements of its own ’ perpetuity as a system, and the strongest in ’ ducements to the encouragement of a true re publican spirit, stands as firm and impregnable ’ as a rock against the impotent assaults of its arch enemy. But what abolitionism has failed to accomplish, aided by the powerful auxilia ries of a regular organization, and the strong ' tide of public opinion at the North, setting in I its favor, will be eventually secured by the sui cidal legislation of slavery itself, if a remedy is not applied, and that right speedily. In con sidering this subject we have been forcibly re minded of the declaration of Mr. Walker, of Richmond, in the last Legislature, “ thatwhilo slaveholders had shown a commendable alacri. ty and zeal in protecting most of the interests confided to their care, the most important one, slavery, had been left not only unprotected, but legislation had been frequently directed ad i versely to its interests.” Ido not pretend to give his precise language, but I do not think I have misrepresented his sentiments. There is no doubt the legislative encouragement given to the importation of slaves from the old slave holding States on tho Atlantic, has had a direct tendency not only to diminish the influence of s’avery tn the councils of the nation, but to lessen the value of slave labor, by depreciating the price of its great staple product. The high prices of cotton have invariably encouraged , a great influx of slaves from the border States, ’ increasing tbeamountof laboring capital which was immediately directed to fresh lands, as be ing capable of yielding a larger per cent, upon ’ the capital invested. This increasing demand , for slave labor in the new cotton-growing States, has been supported by speculators at advanced prices, by importations from the old slaveholding States in which land, exhausted by an improper and ruinous system of agricul • ture, had ceased t> remunerate The slave population of these Slates has thus been in sensibly flowing South, and “ Mason and Dix on’s line” (if I may be allowed the use of a phrase so expressive) advancing into the heart of the slave territory. T«e result of such a course is ea’ily foreseen; the slave interest in stead of being equally extended ever that por tion of the confederacy suitable to its pursuits, by which its influence and strength in the weightier branch of our National Legislature, could have been directed to its protection, has been suffered for wan. of wise and far seeing legislation to concentrate its numerical power ia such a manner as to be almost valueless. Slaves constitute twelve and a half per cent, of the entire population of the country, involv ing a pecuniary interest to that poition of the Union in which they reside, of nearly one thou sand millions of dol'ara. Apportioning this amount among tbe five Atlantic States accord ing to the slave population, would give them fifty-three per cent, or between five and six hundred millions of dollars, one half of which would be in the possession of South Carolina and Georgia. In 1834), tbe same five States possessed sixty-seven per cent, of the slave population, Virginia alone owning alittla over thirty-four per cent. The increase of popula tion in Georgia is almost unparalleled, being needy twenty five per cent, within the last three years. Her colored population, though bearing a less proportion to her white popula tion than either North or South Carolina, ex hibits the enormous increase of eighty-eight per cent, during the last twenty years This increase can easily be made up from the cor t .spo.iding deficit of the slave States north of her. One very significant fact in connection with this subject cannot have escaped the no tice of the most superficial observer; it is this, a falling off in the black population is in variably accompanied by a stationary white one. Tnat Georgia, with such a redundant black population exhibits, instead of decay, a condition of such unexampled prosperity and wealth as to have acquired tbe proud, though justly merited, title of the “Empire State of the South,” is mainly attributable to the gigan tic scheme of Rail Roads which have been projected, and are now in process of comple tion The rapid development of the ample resources of the State, by this means, has en abled her, by a happy division of labor and strong inducements to a profitable investment of capital, to counteract the evils growing out of an overweening colored population. But who can estimate the dangers to our qniet and do cile black population, by contact and associa tion with a vicious, runaway and intractable people whose propinquity to the free Slates, and amenity to the fugitive slave law, have ■ rendered them so discontented and unruly that 1 the gallows or expatriation alone can give the 1 country quiet. The market thus afforded by 1 the repeal of wise and wholesome laws, has ' been the means by which this debased and dan- 1 gerous class have been admitted into the State and turned loose among onr own slaves to do ' their mischief. ' We sha I, however, close the present article ( by appending a few tables in support of the , peculiar views we have advanced, and to which f we invite tbe attention of those who have never t examined the aubject carefully, aud are there- f fore disposed to decry all danger on the sub- t ject. Not having data at hand by which the j •lave population of Virginia and South Caro- e lina could ba accurately estimated for 1840 and 1850, we have based tbe calculations upon the increase of the preceding years, which will be p found io exceed the census of slaves in Vir- 0 ginia, and perhaps Jail somewhat below it in a South Carolina. We have excluded the Gulf I 1 States from our calculation, as it ia our par-[ b pose to make their increasing population— particularly in slaves—lhe subject of another article. Table 1 contains lhe proportion to the entire I slave population of the U. Slates in each State ] enumerated. Table II contains the proportion of slaves to the entire population. Table 111 1 shows the increase of population according to each census return. Table IV shows ths rela tive increase of the whites and slaves. Table V exhibits the proportion of slaves in the five Atlantic States to those in the Union, and the respective share of each in this proportion Calculations made for the last fifty years, in round numbers : Table I. —Proportion of Slaves in the five Allan tic Stales to those in the Union. 1800 1810 1820|1830 1840 1860 Maryland...ll -09 -07 -05 -03 .03 Virginia3B -33 -27 -23 .15 -15 North Carolina-• • .14 -13 -13 .12 *o9i*o9 South Carolina--• *l6 .15 -16 .15 .14 -13 Georgiao6 *OB -09 -10 -111*131 Table 11. Proportion of Slaves to total popula tion in the five Atlantic Slates respectively. — IBOO 1810 1820 1830”1840 1850 Maryland3o .29 -26 -22 -23 .17 Virginia 39 -40 *4O *3B -38 -35 North Carolina2B -3b *3O *33 -48 -49 South Carolina 46 -47 -49 -54 -55 -54 Georgia 36 -40 -40 *4l -49 -40 Table lll.—lncrease of total population in the five Ahantic Slates respectively. 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 Marylando7 -11 -07 -10 -05 -12* Virginialß -10*11 *13*021*13 North Carolina*. • *2l -16.14 J *16*021.06 South Carolina*.* *39 *2O. 21 *l9 . 021 .(8 Georgia9s *55 *35 -50 *331 *45 Table V. —Proportion of Slaves to those in the Union in the five Atlantic States collectively, and each States’ interest in it. " "| 1800118T0| 18201 i836|T840|1850 Five Atlantic States,) *B9j *Bll *74| *67| *s7| *£4 Marylandl3 *ll *lO *O7 .06 *OS Virginia 42 *4O *37 *35 .32 *3O North Carolinal6 *l7 *l7 *l7 *l7 *l7 South Carolinalß *2O .22 .23 *22 *2l Georgiao7 *lO *l3 *l6 *2O *24 * —* m CD Oi co a," j> o o o o m S S SlLeU.il I co ot o go ** - Z. Q o CO o> O - •«<, wtaca " ’ r iW i i i s' § ~ = ssss? g .O 1 * O- £ I §2lllll £ —« Ico co c> gd « I —< o r-t o * 8 3, c_ o ~ f JX o o —< cm co rj- o &B i i i i i g OO c 2 .S -7 -7 -7 -7 *? £• ? "p U 3 CO t— .C .5 “ 5 I I I I I “ —• CO GJ o co .E » c •-S y B g O -S’ CO CO o 3 I § i ii i 7 f • g I CT> 1— t— o Ts ua > ,s 17 " 7- “ £ “ V ; - £‘S T 3 . ri * £ 172 3 5 .“ 5 ° I“ z : f z > J M> O ■= A Merited Tribute, It affords us sincere pleasure to give place to the following well merited tribute, to a most efficient officer and worthy man: At the last Term of the Court of Ordinary of Warrea County, the following brief, but just tribute cf respect was paid to P. N. Maddux, late Clerk of said Court, which was moved by Win. Gibson, Esqr., in a few brief and eloquent remarks, and seconded by E. M. Pottle, Eiq., in tho same highly complimentary manner in relation to the services of our late worthy Clerk. Im Warren Court or Ordinary, March Term. . 1950. ’ Whereas P. N. Maddux, late Clerk of the Court of Ordinary for the County of Warren, owing to bis feeble health having declined are-election; and whereas, bis faithful and efficient services as Clerk of said Court for the term of sixteen years, entitle him to the thanks of this Court, the Btr, and the citizen? generally : Lie it therefore Resolved, That the thanks of this Court and the Bar, are hereby tendered to said P. N. Maddux, Clerk as aforesaid, for hie courtesy, promptness and efficiency while acting ae said 1 And be it further Resolved, That a copy of this order be entered on the records of the Clerk of this Court, and a copy be furnished said P. N. Maddux, and a copy sent to the Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel for publication. M. H. Wellborn, r. x. o, W. H. Edwards, j. i. o. Dreury W. Rooses, j. i. c. Madison D. Cody, r. i. c. Adam Jones, o. c. o. For the Chronicle if- Sentinel. TO SAMMIE. In after years when you recall The days of pleasure past, And think of joia that all Have flown away too fast. if some forgotten air you hear, Brings back past scenes to tbee, And sadly charms the listening ear, Keep one kind thought of me. In fairer "scenes,” ’mid brighter skies, Perchance you may roam — Then let your fond heart fondly prise, The dear old friends from home. And ’mid thy pleasure—should a aigh Unheeded fall from thee ; While tho bright tear drop dime thine eye, Keep one kind thougbtof me. Columbia County, Ga., E. S OU T H E R N CULTIVATOR, Opinions of the Press. Cultivator.—We have before us tho Southern Cultivator for February. It is valua ble to the planter and should be taken by every one in the country. It always has something new on the subject of planting and machine ry that will repay tenfold its cost. — La. Re pub. The Southern Cultivator for February baa been received. This work is published monthly in Augusta, Ga., at $1 per annum, in advance—Daniel Lee, Editor. The Cui, tivator is one of the best agricaltural papers in the Union, and should be in the hands of every farmer. The number before us is filled with useful and instructive information to the planting interest.— Kot. (Miss ) Chron. Nashville and Hendbrson Railroad.— We notice that a largo meeting was held at Hopkinsville, Ky , on the 22d nit., adopting spirited resolutions in behalf of entering upon this important contemplated improvement. They advocated a tax upon that (Christian) county, to the amount of $300,000 for this purpose, and set apart the 2d Monday of May, as the day upon which to take the popular vote upon the question This road would lead through the heart of a great coalfield.—- Nath. Banner 3d inst. Destructive Fire—A fire occurred in Spring Place, on Monday morning last, which resulted in the destruction of tho dwelling house snd office of Joseph McDowell. We understand that a valuable library belonging to Wm. A. Lofton, Esq. was also destroyed. The firn is supposed to hove been the work of an incendiary.— Atlanta Intel. Mail Robbeiiy and Robbers Detected.— Dr. J. J Burnett, an untiring Post office Agent, reached Chattanooga on Tuesday night last, with O. M. <& John Thurman, the former the Post Mas.er at Thurman's P. O. Marion county. The mail between this place and Nashville had been frequently robbed of late, and our Post Ma ter, Carr, wu quite vigilant in finding out the guilty. When D r Burnett arrived he was directed te search that office and succeeded iu detecting the robbers with such undoubted evidence of their guilt, that they cannot possibly escape, and are now on their way to Nashville to be tried for the offence. The Dr. recovered upwards of S4OO which had been purloined from the mail, and a groat many letters which were violated, and found in the mails and in the possession of tho Thurman’s. * The younger Thurman confesses all, but his brother who was the Post Master denies. Dr. B. deserves great credit for his industry and skill in detect ing the robbers, as it was a great annoyance to the country. We are pained to make the announcement of the above robbery, as the young men have heretofore sustained fair characters and are connected to many of tbe most useful and praiseworthy citizens in thu country. They have the sympathy of all who know them, and stand acquitted of all reproach. It is hut due to say that as these offences never happened until the recent starling of the stages on that line, and that suspicion conse quently attached to the drivers, that it was incidental and they are now free from it. Dr. Burnett says that the drivers acted honorably and done all they could to assist him in detect ing the robbers.— Chattanooga Gazette. Who are tour Aristocrats.—Twenty years ago this one butchered, that one made candles; another sold cheese and butter; a fourth carried on a distillery ; another was a contractor on canals ; othera were merchants and mechanics. They are acquainted with both ends of society—as their children will be after them, though it will not do to say so out loud. For often you shall find that those toil ing worms hatch butterflies, and they Jive about a year. Death brings a division of pro perty; and it brings new financiers; the -old agent is discharged; the young genllemin takes his revenues, and begins to travel—to wards poverty which he reaches before death —or his children do if he does not. So that in fact though there is a sort of moneyed rank, it is not hereditary ; it is accessible to all ; three good seasons of cotton will send a gene ration of men up ; a score of years will bring them all down, and send their children agaiu to labor. The father hoards, and grows rich; his children strut, and use the money; their chil dren inherit the pride, and go to shiftless pover ty ; their children, reinvigorated by fresh ple bian blood, and by the smell of the clod, came up again. Thus society, like a tree, draws its sap from the earth, changes it into leavles and blossoms, spreads them abroad r.n great glory, sheds them off -o fall back to the earth, again to mingle with the soil, and at len gthto reappear in new trees and fresh garni tun j.— Hunt's Mar* chants' Magazine. The U. 8. Marshal of Mis sourt has com pleted the census of that Sts to, and reports the emire population at 682,907. The c.ty and < oumy oi St. Louis, has a population of 1 00,064, or nearly one sixth, of the entire num ber of inhabitants of the 3 late. Kxplo.lon of the Oregon. Tun Clerk of the steamer Empire State furnishes the N.O.Bse, by telegraph, the fol lowing accoant of the terrible explosion of the Oregon: Vicksburg, March 3.— Ou Saturday, March 2d, on entering the chute of Island 82, the steamer Oregon, Capt. Montgomery, from Louisville to New Orleans, which had passed ui but a short time before, was discovered at the distance of about a mile, tying to, her cabin over the boilers, and the pilot house being an entire wreck, and smoke is suing upwards, showing too plainly that she had not only exploded, but was on fire. Before getting down to her, the Iroquois, bound up. had run up to her and taken off all who could be found on board; but on account of the fire was soon compelled to leave her. The yawls of the Iroquois and Empire Steteranout lines to the shore, but the immense weight of the boat in a strong current, parted them instantly, when she drifted on down and lodged on the bend of the island, where she burnt to the wa ter’s edge, and undoubtedly will soon sink. The boat was under way at the time of the explosion, the servants being at dinner, and the passengers various ly situated about the boat. Those who were in the after part were, as far as can be ascertained, uninjured; and several ladies who were in front of the pilot-house, on the hurri cane deck, with children, on the very portion of the boat which was blown to pieces, are now on board the Eclipse, still unhurt. The following list com prises the names of all who were taken on board this bout froui the Iroquois : Mrs. Harmon an 1 two children, Indianapolis; Mrs. Hughesand child, Braley Landing, La.; D.C. Cully and lady, Mrs. Cully and five children, and # two servants, B. Patterson, all of Kentucky ; R. B. Sheldon and lady, Versailles, Ky.; Miss Daniel, Nicholasville, Ky.; Miss Parrar, New Orleans; W. H. Kurd, lady and son ; George Mathis, Lexing ton, Ky.; Mrs. Asher, four children and servant, New Orleans; R*. If. Phillips, Mississippi; Mon r<e Gibson, St. Louis; Dr. Du sen berry, Caroline, Va.; S. R. Ennis, Houston, Texas; O. C. Wood ward, Memphis; M. Walid, Patrick Phiiber, a fireman, Anderson Torrence, Lake Providence; W. A. Montgomery, H. Wemplar, Gosport, Ind.: G. D. Rabb, Rising Sun, Ind ; A. McGiegor, Terre Haute, Ind.; Charles Bosland, Ohio; L. L. Lacock, I Baton Rouge; W. A. Bedell, Columbus, Ga.j S. W. Vincent, Delaware ; the barber of the boat and bis wife. ’ The following are injured: Mr. Cully’s two’Wr ‘ vant women, badly; Mrs. Asher’s youngest child, , since died; Mrs. Asher’s servant, very badly scald- ’ ed; Anderson Torrence, badly scalded; Pat. Phil ber, very badly scalded. All of the above arc very badly injured, and can hardly iecover. Montgom ery and Wimplar are slightly wounded, and a bar ber quite badly. Captain Montgomery was reported to have his arm broken. His surviving give him much praise for his efforts to save them ’ from the burning boat. Mr. Brown, the first clerk, Mr. Lul ken, the second clerk, badly scalded; went up o.i 4W Iroquois. The pilots and engineers are sated. Os the balance of the crew l cannof obfairy any reliable information, but very many of lhe cabin crew and hands are undoubtedly lost. Most of those who were at the servant’s table, in the forward part of the boat, received injuries. The cloud of steam was seen from this boat, but no noise heard by any one. Some of those on board of the Oregon say there were two distinct reports about fifteen minutes apart. Sever.l saw one ol the boilers go overboard, and afterwards float a moment on the water. The mate of the boat, who was on board of the Oregon after the flames had nearly en veloped the whole boat, is confident that he heard the voices of five or six different persons; and it is lhe general opinion of those who were saved that from ten to fifteen dead or dying persons were on board wh r n the boat burnt. Richard Young, Shelby, badly sca’ded, is on lhe Ircquois. The num ber and names of those who remained on board of the Iroquuis are not known to me, and the estimate of the loss is so imperfect that it is probable one made now would prove to be wide of the truth. George Benedict, Clerk of the steamer Empire State. 7UBTHBR PARTICULARS. From Mr. Benedict, clerk of tho steamer Em pire State, which boat arrived here this morning, we have obtained additional information concern ing tne explosion of tbo steamer Oregon. Tire loss of life, it appears, was much greater than was re ported through the telegraph. Mr. Benedict says .* ” Having made particular inquiry among those who were saved Irom the Oregon, lum satisfied that the number killed and v wounded is much greater than was given in the telegraphic estimate. None but those who were able to walk were got oft* the wreck. There was no time to search for tbe wounded. The number of those who perished on board will, iu all probabili ty, never be ascertained. The Oregon’s crew, all told, numbered about seventy, five; and the cabin passengers, sixty.— With a few deck passengersthe total number of per sons on board was between 135 and 150. Thirty-three of these were taken on board the Empire State. Not so many, I think, were taken on the Iroquois. The killed and missing would thus amount to ebout seventy persons, without including deck pas sengers. Os those enumerated in the telegraphic despatch as badly scalded, three died within afe hours af ter they were taken from the wreck. T vo of these unlbrtunsto vieiims were female servar , and one the child of Mrs. Asher. The others who were badly scald . were left at Vicksourg and Natchez. Scarcely anything was saved from the burning wreck. It is impossible to give any adequate description of the condition of those eufl'ereis that were put oi board the Iroquois. Some were almost naked, with their faces so b’ackcned that they could not be re- , cognized, and the skin hanging in sb.eds from thus a parts of their bodies that were scalded. One mo ment they begged for assistance ; the next they called on death to end their torture. The scenew.-is j almost too painful to be witnessed.” — N. Orleans Picayune, 6th inst. 3 Explosion or tho Oregon, f The following additional particulars of the I explosion of this ill-fated steamer, we find in ■ tbo Nashville Banner : f Paducam, March 6. ij We received the following heart rending in- <■ telligence through the politeness of Jas. N. ■ Walker Clerk of the Steamboat Irotjpois, at 9 1J o’clock P. M., and in one hour give itfo our--■ readers The line steamer Oregon bound down'd’ l0 ™ 1 Louisville, while passing through chuttX 1 Island 82about one o’clock, Sunday P. sB?" the 2d inst,, burst her boilers with a treinemm— dous report carrying awav her forward cabin and uppei deck, killing and scalding at least 60 persons. The Oregon was heavily laden, and had on board r>mßo to 100 passengers. The passengers of tne Oregon had just finish ed dinner and were generally collected in the ball and on the forward guards at tbe time the explosion took place, spreading death and de struction all around. Tbe Oregon took fire immediately after exploding and burned to tbe water’s edge, and being in the channel of the river, under way, would have inevitably con sumed all on board but for tbe timely assistance of the steamboat Iroquois, which was lying by wooding wi'hin a mile of the Oregon. Up on seeing the explosion, Capt. Lee of the Iro quois gave orders immediately to go to bar relief, which was delayed but a few minutes by the cylinder head of one of her engines being oIT, which was replaced immediately and inn few moments Has alongside the awful wreck. The Iroquois just (’reached the Oregon as the flames burst through her hurricane roof, when we behold a sight tho recollection of which will continue with us through life Men, women and children were collected together on the after part of the boat without any possible means of getting away only by throwing themselves into tbe river, the flames surrounding them in an awful grandeur end the steps carried away by the explosion, the shrieks of the women, the frenzy of men ready to leap overboard, in order to avoid a still more horrible death by fire, the groans of the scalded and dying, together with tbe piteoua lowing of the cattle and neighing of tbe horses was a scene well calculated to arouse the deep est feelings of our natures. Capt. Lee ordered the Iroquois to run her bow aft of the wheel of the Oregon, and lad ders being placed from the upper deck of the Oregon to the bows of the Iroquois, a'l on board that were able to walk ware taken on board not however without the greatest dan ger of the Iroquois taking fire from the burning wreck. Capt. Montgomery was tho last man to leave the Oregon, which hedtd just as the Iroquois was backing away from her. The parting es tho two boats caused the ladder to fall, and Capt. M. being on it wns thrown into the river, from which he was safely rescued, escaping with several bruises. The Clerk’s office of the Oregon was entirely blown away, together with the books and papers of the boat. Mr. Geo. Brown, let Clerk, was in the office at the time of the explosion and was killed. The waiter* in the Cabin were at dinner and were all killed except the steward. Eight white firemen, on watch, were killed. It is utterly impossible to give any correct idea of the lose of life, there being nothing left where by we could ascertain the names of many on board. The Boor of the Iroquois presented an awful sight, being literally covered by persona and literally skinned from scalds, many oRE whom were in the very agonies of death.” The Iroquois had on board 25 of the scalded, 11 of whom died before reaching Memphis. Below we give the names of the scalded on board the Iroquois, together with a list of the officers and crew so far as we could ascertain. This list is correct as far as it goes. The Oregon was scuttled, which proved use less, as the burning off" the npper works caus ed her to raise faster tjian the holes could sink her. The Bulletin came up soon after the ac cident and endeavored to extinguish the flames by moans of her doctor, which proved abor tive. Mr. Williams and others, passengers on the Bulletin, kindly afforded their aid and re mained on board the Iroquois using their ut most skill in endeavoring to alleviate the suf ferings ot the scalded until the boat reached Memphis, when most on board, badly scalded, were taken to the Hospital. Jamxs N. Walkir, Cl’rk Iroquois. A'rcsped Unhurt.— James Dean, Pilot; Mr. Dean, Steersman; Mr. Peck, Bar-keeper; John Whits, Steward; Mr. Miller, Mate; Peter Bragg, Watchman; H. Smith, Carpen ter; Mr. Creed, wife and three daughters; Win. D. Qnissenberry, of Georgia; D. B. Robb, Rising Sun, Indiana; three Engineers, and a number of slaves. Killtd and Died.— George Brown, Ist Clerk; Richard Young, Shelby co., Ky.; Wm. Miller, Harrison co., la., Mrs. Ashers, Louis ville, Ky.: Patrick Murphy, do; Patrick Lyon, deck band; Wm. Larkin, Louisville; Edward Davis, Cabin boy; George Rochester, do; John Jones, do; Fielding Chills, do; Isaac Knight, do; Ben Loring, do; Calvin Wise, do; Ben, slave, belonging to the Peytona; 0,,e engineer, name unknown; 8 white firemen, on watch; one man on the bank, unknown. ■ Scald id and Injurtd— Capt. Montgomery, badly hurt; Burrett Mulligan, 2d Clerk, slight ly aealded; Mr Lyons, Bar-keeper; Mr. Con nell, Pilot; John W. Cox, Nelson co., Ky., badly scalded; G. C. Musselman, Covington’ K’.; C. Atkinson, Calloway eo., Ky ; Isaac W. Fall, Princeton, la.; John Johnson, Bar ber. Triatixs Ratithd.— We learn from onr Washington correspondent that during yester day’s sitting of the U. 8. Senate, in Executive session, that body ratified three Treaties, vis; The Treaty with Portugal; the Treaty with Switzerland, and the Tehuantepec Treaty with Mexico. We further learn ;hat the Extradi tion Treaty with Mexico was rejected. It is an old thought that pleasure and pain are twin buds. One may add, he that rudely plucks away the one, will be sure to binder the development of Ike ottwij
