Newspaper Page Text
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eon aorernment as the one alluded to. It«>
e old. rotten and hateful pnnoiple
proclaimed by the advocates or ™ ODa "by
against republican government- The condi
tion of the country, from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, from the Rio Grande to the St. Law
ronce, proclaims the argument untrue. Unex
ampled prosperity smiles upon the land, and
no murmurs are sent up, even from the ex
tremities of this vast and happy Republic, that
any of their civil or religious rights have been
violated.
I am one of those who place a high estimate
npon our form of government. It is admirably
constructed for all the purposes onr wise and
patriotic forefathers intended it. So far, it is
a successful experiment; the most sanguine
expectations of the patriot have been realized.
It is now affording to twenty millions of free
man peace, security and liberty. Look upon
the mass of the world, and in what State, King
dom or Republic, can you find a people
blessed with so many civil, religious and politi
cal privileges I Look upon that vast waste of
States that have long since passed away, and
you will learn from their history that none were
blessed with a government like ours. All their
governments were either wild and turbulent
democracies or despotisms. This government
is good enough. I will cling to it until it
ceases to respect constitutional rights, and
every mode of redress is exhausted that can
be made as a member of the confederacy.
What shall we gain by a dissolution of the
Union 1 is an important question for the consi
deration of every thinking and good man in the
land. Snail we gain increased security to oar
slave property 1 Whilst the Union continues;
the institution can be successfully defended
dissolve it, and numerous causes will arise to
impair its safety.
It is a curious fact, connected with this un
fortunate excitement, that the Abolitionists
desire disunion to destroy slavery, whilst
Southern men want it to give it protection.
The advoca'ea of disunion at the South saf
the controlling mass of the population of the
free States are unfriendly to slavery, and our
only safety is in separation. Will disunion
disarm them of their hostility, and will the
removal of all constitutional and legal restraint
render them more respectful of Southern
rights 1 If they are now prompted in their
assaults upon our rights by principle or fanati
cism, will they not, when the Union is broken,
renew their attacks with increased enthusiasm
and determination 1 Fanaticism is unprinci
pled, cruel, rapacious and insatiable; and if
the free soil confederacy should be controlled
by it, it will make war upon the slave States
for the avowed object of exterminating slavery
It will invite and stimulate insurrection, and
hoist upon our borders and in our midst the
flag of universal emancipation. But I enter
tain no sueb opinion of the free soil popula
tion. There are, I admit, fanatics ; but not
enough to give such a direction to the deliber
ations of ths country.
If history is good authority for anything, it
establishes beyond question, the fact that neigh
boring Republics cannot live in peace. Inde
pendent of those numerous causes of war
that exist with all neighboring Republics, the
Muse of disunion would be a never ceasing
source of irritation and difficulty. In case of
disunion wo should have a thousand fugitive
slaves to where we have a hundred now.
Masters would pursue them, and the Aboli
tionists would defend and protect them. An
cry and sanguinary collision would arise,
The masters would be repulsed with a vio
lence and insult that no freeman could tolerate.
A war of retaliation would arise upon your
frontier. The public authorities would be
powerless to prevent it. Outrage would suc
ceed outrage, until the public mind would be
come so excited and exasperated, that nothing
would appease it but an appeal to arms. Ava
rice and ambition would be always active and
busy in aggravating the excitement. The
low creature that seeks employment in gather
ing the loathesotne offal of the camp and battle
field would be busy in making border difficul
ties. The military spirits, who delight in the
* trumpet’s clangor and the cannon’s roar,’
would ba active in animating their country to
an appeal to arms. At such times, what would
be the condition and disposition of our slave
population 1 restless, impatient, and insubordi
nate. In every campaign, we should be in
continued apprehension of a domestic insurrec
tion.
But this Union is to be dissolved, by seces
sion temporary or perpetual, and all is to be
peace and prosperity. For this remedy, I
entertain the profoundest contempt. It will
be attended with all the disastrous consequen
ces of revolution without one of its benefits.
I say nothing as to the right under the con
stitntien. If it does not ex st, then I concede
it. Power gives the right. The Federal
Government in my opinion, would be power
loss to retain the smallest State in the confede
racy against bar consent. But concede that
all the slave States determine to secede. Do
the advocates of this peaceable remedy see no
difficulty at the threshold 7 When they secede,
will demand their proportion of the pub
lie do ::aia, the navy and all other public pro
perty. And just as soon as the demand was
made, t would be rejected by the tree-soil
States. Here would be cause for war. If
the administration of the Federal Government
has become so unjust and oppressive that it
can bo no longer tolerated, and all hope of re
dress under the constitution is de paired of,
hoist at once the banner of revolution, march
to the Federal Capital, and take, as Cromwell
and Bonaparte did, the Executive and the abo
lition members of Congress, and have the
government, if yon can retain it, administered
your own way.
But suppose we escape all the difficulties
and dangers to which I have but briefly adver
ted, how Jong wonld the new confederacy act
in harmony. The politicians would soon
discover irreconcilable differences between
the South, the West, and the more Northern
members of the confederacy; and disappoin
ted ambition would soon begin to preach a
Mcond disunion, as the only remedy; and we ,
should soon exhibit the melancholy aspect of
a parcel of little pitiful Republics, the misera
ble vi jtems of never ending discord and sac- i
tion. Os the numerous revolutions of which t
we road in history, but [very few have ter '
miuatod in favor of human liberty No mat- 1
lor what motivo or Muse prompted them; t
whether ambition, patriotism, or oppression, t
it io a melancholy fact that all, but with a few t
MMpUoae, ended sooner or later in the j
arbitrary and dospotia Government of one
man. This sad lesson of history should teach
pationco and forbearance If we should
determine to lay violent hands upon a Govern- 1
went of our own creation, the best that ever
was or will bo again, it may not please Provi
dence in his infinite goodnes, to give ns a
second Washington to direct and control the
storm, to calm and hush the tumultuous ele
ments of faction and party rage. The mind
in looking upon thio gloomy picture of hu
man revolutions, is inclined to inquire into
the Muses of their melancholy termination.
The great man whose birth-day you propose '
to celebrate has given the reasons so forcibly
in bis Farewell Address to his countrymen,
that 1 Moaet forego the pleasure of giving
it.
“The alternate dominion of one faction over |
another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, j
natural to party dissension, which in different
ages and countries has perpetrated the most
horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despot
ism. But this leads at length to a more
formal and permanent despotism The disor
ders end miseries which result, gradually
incline the minds of men to seek security and
repose, in tbe-aboolute power of an individual;
and sooner er later, the chief of some prevail
ing faction, mere able or more fortunate tbv in
his competitors, turns this disposition to
purposes of his own elevation'on the rr' |Qa o f
pub] ic liberty.'* Yours retpeotfui' ,
To Messrs. A. H Chafyxll, awJ
Committee.
Jwdgw WarMV-e Letter.
Thom who have r«*< Judge Bmtiu’i
tetter to the MacouCommittee, Mill not be lew
flaaaed and intereated with, that of Judge
Wiun, which we oubjotu. Three gentle
men are both Democrat, of the Old School,
uniform, eonaistont bemoetate, both of whom
have enjoyed in O. e higbeat degree, the confi
dence of their parly, aa io attested by the fact
that one eccnpioo a seat on the Bench of the
Supreme and the other on the Superior Court
of Georgia t
Macon, Feb. 20, 1851.
Ganl/amrnr—t have received your kind iovtta
tlon to join in the propore I celebration of Wnahing
tea’a birtb-day, no the 22d into., at thia place, eiltv .
by nay preMace or counsels. The protracted » „
sloe of the Court which has just tatmioated, nr
h tadiapcoMbty necereary that I should re' ...
nay fa-ily, wttb as little d el ay .. poreibl. . c “™ "
Vaotly, I cannot be with you in pciwrn on ' Saturday
nut) nor do I suppose that my reinreta, wWch
Mem to deaire will be ol much imrortr ...
one. However, as 1 have no personal o . pXire “Z
toreeta to advance, I will bri.dy «pr m t mT
Individenl Viowe, io regard to the , , obitoi.
year meeting. The annirersary of WuhiLion’a
fartb-day adbrds an appropriate MCWM ,
friends of the Unioe, to tnsmfesl Ih<ir narked dia
npprobalioo of all sectwnaf per « faction., hav
ing far their object its dissolu jc,. by K _
caeiee es any one or more of u,e states, or other
kindred measures ; and a, M to t>rer tantimony of
chair ardent atuobmeat tr.tha prineipl.. of ccnstitu-
Itenal Hborty, as forcibly, i oea t M m< ) , n th .
Address ol him, who been so jnedy regarded as
the Father of his Cor.ntry.
What course aboil the people rs Georgia pursue
to secure the eoov.nnal preservation of the Union,
and protect their own interests under the Constitu.
**on I In my judgment, that course was very pro.
parly indieatsd by the retire of the late Conremion
at Milledgeville. How shall panics be orgauisnl
hereafter m this State, is a qaetotoe frequently asked
by those who were most seelous and active in
irenAmg doum the old Democratic and Whig ~ r .
tire 1 Beretofore, the people were told that
I**’!' toast he broken down, in order v, .
jpeetSosthern party, to act in coooen w,th South
and other States, in rasisttng t're action of
the settlement slavery
« Shedienee Is th. mandates of the
leaders of kerb the Democratic anig Whig turtles,
andespecially of th, o) p
tewken down m Uu Stale, an .
ford.leg.to.io th.
°Tbte*b^k , l M d”' '"T F ”“’ e “<■ oM r»rtv lines
it re. red ° ld '**’» '»« « th. time
reaesnsgtreo, was _ m
payment, entirely nnneceesnrv, so far u the De
toaeraur' petty was oooearued; but lhe ac: was done,
and a no* wane was made before the people ol Geor
gia i that lame baa been decided at the ballot box,
Ud iwk bu been the fonnaiwu ol'two new
* IHi . prties, composed of the element, of
?”■ „ • >< * >*' tnic * l pertiea, to wit : the Consutu-
Vaioe Party M>l Southern Rtgta. Reme
ad defeated party, having asoerta'C-
"j lhe
Whig panto. K.foJ and
Suua. 'be NaHaaai D* fete election in ibis
wXX P * rt >
"*
ptetfora we. that Congrsm bad J p!£« J?
ty under ths Coaatirotion. to i. aX
-Wevreuna. thereto
Wow to now of the foot, which h.., ,
w th,. St,,.
th. last twelve momte, doe. th. Sombere Rwhu
rnnyeamHMutoihoaM Democrenc petty or «* t .
mere whited sepulchre, filled with nullification, re
sistance, and such hire materials, which the great
body of the old Democratic party, nerer did approve
or sanction 7 Inasmuch as the old party lines were
entirely broken up iu tbs late contest in this State,
as effectually as they were in 1832, when the Union
and State Rights parties were formed, every man is
at liberty to take bis position upon that platform
which, in his judgment, will best promote the wel
fare and interest of his country. The Constitution
al Union platform is broad enough for all the true
friends of the Union to stand upon ; and I trust all
who profess to be such, will take their position upon
it without regard toold party lines, and then let the
tree be judged by iu fruit. But it is said the great
Constitutional Union party is a failure,that the great
leading national politicians will have nothing to do
with it. I greatly prefer that the Stales should or
ganise Constitutional Union parties, and thereby
control the national politicians, than that the national
politicians should control the people of the States-
When a majority of the people of the States, shall
organize Coastitutknal Union parties within their
respective limits, without regard to old party distinc
tions, the national politicians will, 1 apprehend, find
it to be to their interest to conform to public opinion
in the States, rather then attempt to control it.
As an individual, I shall continue to support such
men for office, as in my judgment will prove faithful
to the Constitution, and the Union, without regard
to old party lines ; recognising as I do but two par
ties in the Stile, the Constitutional Union party, and
the Southern Rights party. Since the attempt to
form a great Southern Resistance party out of the
two old parties, the existence of a Democratic and
Whig party is an obsolete idea. The Southern
Rights party is just as much entitled to bo called the
Union party now, as the old State Rights parly was
entitled to have been so called in 1833. 1 stood upon
the Union platform then. I stand upon the Union
platform now, and because Messrs. Toombs, Ste
pl.ens, and others, have thought proper to occupy the
same position, I shall not abandon it on that account
The names of old party politicians have no terrors
for me, when the vital principles of the Government
are involved. So long as the Constitutional Union
party shall continue to be faithful to the Union, and
the principles of the Constitution, I shall act with
them, without regard to the men who may compose
that party—believing as I do, that in the present
condition of things, the welfare and interest of the
whole country will best be promoted thereby. lam
opposed to sectional factions, both North and South.
Be pleased, Gentlemen, to accept the assurance of
my very high regard and esteem, while I remain,
most respectfully, your obedient servant,
| Hiram Warner.
To Messrs. A. H. Chappell, and others, Com
mittee.
Tian Macon Celebration.
Tke Maeon Citisen eon tai as the following
p volunteer sentiments given at the dinner in
1 Maeon on the 22d February:
* Sent by the Hon. Howell Cobb:
[ 7Ae memory of Washington and Jackson.—
1 All honor to rhe memory of Washington. As
’ was the father of tbx Union. All honor to
the memory of Jackson, he taught us both by
precept and example that Tai Union of Wash
1 tsoToir mast be preserved.
By John B. Lamar:
( The People of Georgia.—lt is their nature to
prefer exercising their rights, to brooding over
imaginary wrongs. The proud position of
, Georgia, in the confederacy, is a worthy lesli
-3 monialofthe “Wisdom, Justice, and Modera
tion” of her Sons.
f By Hon. Jas. A. Meriwether:
> The late Convention.— The Unioa of Demo
crats and Whigs, for the maintenance of our
. glorious Union, was a triumph of patriotism
over party of wisdom over faction. May both
, Unions be perpetuated.
• By R R. Cuyler:
Georgia's greatest need —A liberal and ex
tended system of public Education.
' By Dr. Robt. Collins :
The Banner of our great National Union, with
UsThirtyone Stan. — May their number be in
creased but never reduced, and may it be the
protecting flag of our children, as it has been
of our Fathers, and ancestors; may they live
1 under it as citizens, and if necessary, may they
die under it as soldiers.
By James A. Nisbet:
, Robert Toombs, Howell Cobb, and Alexander
, H. Stephens, the rising Statesmen of the South
, A noble triumvirate oftalents and true cliivalxy.
I Let them continue true to their section, ilfas
, trating at the same time the dignity and. na
tionality of American Statesmanship, and the
, highest honors of the Republic await them.
By Dr. L. F. W. Andrews:
Massachusetts and South Carolina.- The
Scylla and Charybdis of our political coast.
Under the guidance of a skilful pilot, and
manned by patriots, the National Flag Ship
shall yet clear the Wack whirlpools of the one
and the treatening breakers of the other.
By Gen. B. Mitchell, of Mississippi:
Georgia: The Empire State of the South.
Her railroads and manufactories speak to the
Northern States in arguments of thunder tones
louder than the battle's blade and cannon’s
roar.
By Charles A. Nisbet:
The United Stales: ‘ Distinct like the bil
lows—one like the sea.”
By 8. T. Chapman:
Secession: Temporary or permanent, is but
an other name for disunion ; he who advocates
the former, does so, because he has not nerve
to proclaim himself in favor of the latter; or
believes that the people are too honest and
too patriotic to sanction his treasonable de
signs.
By a Guest:
The Coffin Regiment: It was drafted by
Towns, drilled by Colquitt, and most essen
tially dressed by Cobb. Like the Indiana Re
giment at Buena Vista, it is now among the
missing, as both officers and men swear they
never belonged to it.
By W. K. DeGratfenroid :
The Union Party of Georgia: May its des
tiny in the future, be as magnificent, as its put
success has been glorious.
Union Nomination.—At a meeting of a
portion of the Constitutional Union party of
Bibb county, held in the Court house yester
day, Judge C- B. Cole acting as Cha.vman
and Bimri Rose as Secretary, the following
Delegates were appointed to attend the Guber
natorial Convention, to be hold in Milledge
ville in June next, via: Joseph Bond, James
W. Armstrong. 8. T. Chapman and- W. K.
DoGrafrenreid. The Chairman wm also au
thorized to appoint an Executive Committee
with reference to a more thorough organize
tion of the parly in the country. — Journal Sf
Messenger.
Pension Appropriation Bill for the year cod
ing June 30, 1852:
Revolutionary pensions under set March
18, 1818458,000
Invalid pension*soo,soo
Widows and orphans’ aeta July 4, 1836,
and Jidy 11, 1848640.760
Widows’ act July 7,183860,000
Widows’ act March 3, 184320,000
Widows'act June 17, 1844, and Febru-
ary 2, and July 29, 1648862,640
Half pay pensions, widows, <Se., acts
1813 and 181610,000
T0ta152,151,911)
Post Ogies Affroptislions.— The following
appropriation* am made for the service of the
Poat Ofice Department for the year ending
June 30, 1852:
Transport of mails, Oregon and California inclu
ded>3,476,ooo
Do. to Bremen and Havre by steatusbipa* ••267,000
lk>. •cr.jag Isthmus Panama4s,ooo
1,975,000
?**.ip, steamboat and way letters4s.ooo
vV rapping paper* 35,000
Olßce furniture9,ooo
Advertising••Bo,ooo
Mail bags36,ooo
81ank535,050
Mail leeks, keys and stamps* • 10/000
Mail depredationsand special agents
Clerks m office postmasters 4?5,000
Miscellaneous items 80,000
New mail locks and keys«> ..25,000
Maps of post routes6,ooo
Incidental expenses California pent offi-
66,000
T0ta156,550,U00
3«c. 2—Authorizes the appointment of
letter carriers in California and Oregon, who
are to receive a compensation not exceeding
five cents (or every letter, twe cents for every
newspaper, and two cents for every ounce of
other inailabk matter which they may deliver.
Sac. 3. -.Authorizes lhecompromise, where
it is deer j«d expedient, of fines, penalties, for
feiturer ,
S«r,. 4—Authorizes the P. M. General to
allow z gpectal agents hereafter a salary of $L
64K, per annum, provided that no more shall
e expended this year than is appropriated by
the act.
AtloAHta asd LaGkazoz Railboad.—On
Monday last we availed ourself of a polite in
vitation to take a ride upon the Atlanta and
LaGrange Railroad, from this to Palmetto, a
distance of twenty-five miles. The road is
completed the whole distance with the excep
tion of about a half mile immediately this side
of Palmetto, where they come in contact with
a bed of Granite which has delayed its com
pletion a few days longer than was anticipa
ted.
It is hardly necessary to say that we were
highly delighted with the excursion. The en
tire road, as far as completed, is laid with hea
vy T. railing, which is laid on the crossties
without the use of stringers, and the cars pass
over it with scarcely a jar. The whole super
structure is very heavy, and of the beat mate
rial, and we have no hesitancy in pronouncing
it rhe finest road in Georgia.
While the cars delayed, some half dozen of
■s walked up to Mr. Menifee’s where we had
an excellent dinner, and took a general survey
•f the town. There are several stores open
ed, a blacksmith shop. Jac Ac., and something
like a dozen new houses going up. From ap
pearances there is a prospect of quite a flour
ishing village. The Depot is going up rapid
ly, and will be completed in a short time, but
we think that the pillars upon which it rests,
are hardly in keeping with the work which
characterizes the road. We suppose, howev
er, that they are intended to be merely tempo
rary, as they could not sustain any considera
ble'weight as they are.— AtUmU Rspub.
Loss or tuk Brio Eubora, of Eastport.
—By the arival at this port yesterday, of the
barque Lucerne, from New Orleans, we learn
that she spoke on the sth inst., in Lat. 25° 24 z .
Long. 79° 3T, the Br. barque Anabella (of
Glasgow) from Cardenas, bound to Cork for
orders, and took from her Capt. W. A. Math
ews and crew, late ol the brig Eudora. Capt.
M. ictbrins us ihat the Eudora was from Cien
bound to N- Y., and that on the night of
the 3d mat .being betwee i Cape Florida and
Gun Key. and blowtng a f rom lhe Nonb
East, came in contact wuh the british barque
Anabella.
The Eudora was struck near the foremast
and cut down to me water’s edge; she then
immediately fell along side oi the Anabella.
and came in contact several times, breaking in
her enure broadside and compelling the crew
to quit her immediately, saving only what they
stood in. The two veasels were separated
with some difficulty when the Eudora fell astern
and no doubt went down soon after Tr e
Anabella had ail her spars taken out of her to
the lower masts, .-ind is severely damaged in
her hull. The Endure had on board a full
cargo of Sugar. The Anabella is loaded with
Molasses and will endeavor to make this port
for repairs.—CA. Cour.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
- - '• ■- W --
BY WILLIAM S. JONEP.
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY.
Officein Railroad Bank Buildings.
DAILY PAPER,porannum (fientby mail,)oo
TRIWEEKLY “ “ 400
WEEKLY PAPER •• 2 00
AUGUSTA, GA.:
WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH IS.
“SEND US A SUBSCRIBER! -
Readxr, as heretofore announced, we contem
plate making decided improvements in the
Chronicle &. Sentinel, some of which are
already settled upon. To do this we must in
cur heavy additional responsibilities, and we
ask you, each and every one of you, to send us
ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER:
It is promoting your own interest to do so
for as eur means increase, we shall apply them
to the improvement of our paper, and if each
of you will send us only one new subscriber,
and many of you can send ten or twenty, it
will enable us to make a journal of which
every true Georgian shall be justly proud.
How many of you will send us ONE NEW
SUBSCRIBER 1
TO POSTMASTERS.
Is ordering a paper changed from one poet
office to another, you should always be par
ticular to designate to what post office the
paper has been previously sent
And in returning papers to the publishers,
you should never fail to mark the name of the
post office from which they are returned.
The observance of these two things on the
part of postmasters, will save publishers much
(rouble in looking over long lists of names to
find the right one.
GT Will our subscribers show this para
graph to their postmasters, and ask them to re
collect it.
“Tl»e Southern Patriot,”
Thu is the title of a very handsome, and
elegantly printed Tri-Weakly and Weekly pa
per, the first number of which, has just been
issued inGreenville, South Carolina, under the
editorial control of B. F. Perry and C. J.
Elford.
We have for some time looked forward
with interest to the issue of this journal, be
cause we regarded it the germ of a new and
permanent political organization in South
Carolina, the nucleus around which would
concentrate the conservative men of the State,
to battle in the cause of constitutional liberty
and the Union. And we are pleased, gratified
to perceive that our anticipations of its course
and influence are likely to be realised.
Maj. Perry, tho principal editor, is not
without experience in his vocation and not
unknown to fame, as a bold, independent,
free thinker, an able writer, and disinterested
patriot, and we most cordially welcome him to
the field of labor, in which we feel assured he
will garner a rieli and abundant harvest—a
harvest of conservatism, which, to the true
patriot, is of priceless value in this age of
ultraism and fanaticism.
The editors make their bow in a neat, very
appropriate and well written Address, in which
they refer the reader to the late speech deliver
ed by M.ij. P., in the South Carolina Legisla
ture, as rm index to their views on Federal re
lations. This speech, which we have read
with much and sincere pleasure, notwithstand
ing our dissent from some of its positions, is
an able and powerful argument against the
Quixotism predominant in the last Legislature
of thatSitate, and a noble tribute to the Union
and Constitutional liberty. In this respect it
is worthy,—eminently worthy of the head and
heart, thal: conceived it—of the purest days of
the Republic.
Enter taining these views of the "Patriot,"
we shot i|d do injustice to our own feelings
not les e than tho great cause in whose sup
port w e feel assured it will occupy a com
rnandi ng position—not to commend it to tho
patror iage of the public generally and especial
ly to < Carolinians—not less to the conservative
men of that State, than to all those however
ultra in their notions, who would desire to
form a correct and intelligent opinion on the
great and absorbing questions of the day.
The ‘‘Patriot’’ is published Tri-Wezzly at
$3, and the Wexzly at $1.50 per annum in
advance.
Address Pkrrt & Elford, Greenville,
H South Carolina
Mr. Rhett—The Fugitive Slave Law,
That our readers may see how admirably
Mr. Rhztt coincides in opinion and co ope
rates with Szward, Halz, GiDDises & Co.,
we subjoin a sketch us his remarks in the Sen
ate during the debate on the reference of the
President’s Message. Mr. Rmztt is certainly
a wonderful man of rare powers and extraor
dinary attainments; and, with a perfect “ Sir
Oracle ” air, assumes the very modest position
that the Supreme Court—such men as Mar
shall, Storzy, Tabb.y, and a host of others
who have adorn«d that bench, and Madison,
Clat, Wzbstru, and all the other distinguish
ed statesmen of the country, have been totally
ignorant of t’ne constitutional powers of the
government, which some of them contributed
to frame, ar/d others have elucidated for near
half a cs ntury ! How unfortunate for the
country that the luminous light of this extreme
ly mocLeot Senator has been so long hidden.—
Like < Jiddinos & Co., he has discovered thu
the F’ ugitive Slave Laws of 1793 and 1851 are
un'-onwitutional, and like them, we doubt not,
h'd will very much regret to see the latter exe
•cuted:
“Mr. Rhett Jid net believe the law could be exe
cuted even by all the force and power of the Go
vernment to enforce it. No law could be executed
unless there was a concurrent feeling in favor of the
law in the people anwng whom it was to be enforced.
It could not even be executed in those States where
there way be a major ity io favor of its execution. A
well-organized ini nori tv could resist it successfully.
It could be evaded and disregarded without open re
sistance. Clubs and organised bodies could be form
ed to give notice to fugitives to escape, to give them
the means of escape, to t.hrow obstacles in the way
of oxecuti ng the law, to pu t the master to costa great
er than t' ie value of his sdave. Thia could be dose
by a sin nil minority of the people.
“He contended ihat by accepting this law for the
recover y of fugitive slaves tite South had given up a
better and surer remedy, tob<i found in the Gonsti
tutior, itself He read the two clauses in the Con
stitu/.ion : one requiring fugitives from justice to be
delivered up on demand of the governor us the State
whence he tied ; the other that persona bound to ser
vice and labor escaping, &c., thall be delivered up
on claim by the master. These clauses, ire consider
ed., made it the imperative duty of the States to deli
ver the fugitives. There was no qualification of the
clauses in the Constitution. C wgresa had no pow
ers, except those expressly grante<i by the Constitu
tion. There was no power given in the Cowslitution
to Ongress to interfere with or control this subject
'♦Vho could doubt but that the act of 1793 and the act
es 1850 were both uneooetitationad. Had Congress
a,ever interfered with the subject, but had left it en
tirely and exclusive?/ to the States, xrhoee duty to
the Constitution imperatively declared to be todeli
v. ir up the fugitive, it would have been done. With
th one States they could have done a? was done with
Grreat Britain, who, daring two wars, enticed a
n amber of negroes to run off. By treaty it was stip
q Iflted that the negroes should be returned, or Great
BiHa in should pay their value. Great Britian paid
fe <r them. They had agreed with lhe tree States that
tl iese fugitives should be delivered up. and if they
w ere not delivered up, they would demand their
v slue. He read the acta of 1793, relative to the de
li very of fugitives from justice and from labor, and
n. .aintained they were both unconstitutional, for Coo
g rose had nothing whatever to do with the subject.
He read from the decisions of the Supreme Court
< I eci ding that the act of 1793 was constitutional, and
replied to the arguments and reasoning of the Court.
He contended that ths argument of the Court was
pure consolidation doctrine. He had no fear of any
imputations that might be thrown upon him. Hs had
upon entering public life eatirfied himself that a pub
lic man must bear such things with calmness. He
might be charged with being closely connected with
the abolitionists; this charge he would also disre
gard. He thought lhe abolitionists would rejoice if
lhe army and navy and the militia should be seen
te Boston to enforce a law upon the people and to
crush a sovereignty. He regarded the present state
of affairs as t&e result of the growing consolidation
c »easuree. He adverted to the acta of the last session,
b y which the South bad been ignominously s tri pt of
a !l share in the vast acquisition? which wereobtain
• Iby common means. She bad been exclucad from
a II participation in these rich lands. She had been
a xcluded. while they were thrown open to foreigners
o f every tongue, and even to lhe cod vieta of Botany
F -ay; while the Southern people, the ecm peers of
tl is North, were denied.
“ Mr. R. pursued the subject at some length, ar
g ning that the result of the legislation of the last
si seioa, lhe Fugitive Slave Law. and ibe proposition
te clothe the President with the powers suggested,
w ere all acts tending to a consolidation of lhe powers
ol the Government.
“He also alluded to the great change which bad
u ksu place in the Demccra.ic party, and regretted
it s depart are from ths old republican platform."
Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Co., the eminent
L iverpool Merchants, and Agents for the
C oliins Line of Steamships, announce the re
ti re me nt of Mr. Joseph Shipley on accennt of
i! health, and that Mr. Mark Wilks Collett will
j< in the firm.
Middletown. Ct . March 3. —A destructive
■ re occurred here yesterday morning, which
b roke out in the etore of Mr. Parmelee, de
al roving that, with the stores of J. C. Booty
H W. Johnson. A Pu.cam & Grants barber
ah »p. The office of Benes’s U’s-raph and
the Sentinel newspaper eMee wsre ahe de
stroyed. The loss is about #2U.OUU. partly
oev vred by into rance.
Louisville au<l Nashville Railroad.
Wr observe with much pleasure that the
citizens of Nashville, Tennessee, and Louis
ville, Kentucky, as well as the people in the
intermediate country along the contemplated
line of Railroad, are becomeing quite in earn
est on the subject of building a Railroad from
Nashville to Louisville.
Meetings have been hold t in Louisville and
iu several counties along the line, and spirited
resolutions adopted expressive of their appro
bation of the project; and wo now observe
that Nashville has also moved in tho matter,
and has at a public meeting appointed the
following delegates to attend a Convention at
Elizabethtown on the llhinsl; the object of
which is to devise the ways and means to con
struct the road by tbe most useful and prac
ticablo route, viz: Eugene Underwood, Esq ;
Col. V. K. Stevenson, W. N. Bilbo, Esq.;
Dr. C. K- Winston ; Dr. W. K. Bowling;
Dr. W. P. Jones; Jno. E Gleares, Esq ; D.
F. Carter; E. P. Connel; S. D. Morgan and
A. W. Johnsen.
From tho subjoined resolution of Col. Ste
venson, which was unanimously adopted by
the meeting, we infer that the citizens of
Nashville are thoroughly aroused to the ne
cessity and importance of a well digested sys
tem of internal improvements:
“ Resolved, T hat a public meeting be called
through the newspapers, to be held at the Court
House, in Nashville, on Thursday 20:h of March
next, to tako into coniiJarativn the subject of Inter
nal Improvement in Middle Tennessee.”
This augurs well for Tennessee, and we feel
assured from the known perseverance and in
domitable energy of some of those who are
interesting themselves in this great work, that
no steps backward will bo taken. A high and
noble destiny, therefore, aw aits this great State,
and its attainment is certain at an early day
if her sons are true to themselves, the State
and their own interests. Let their motto be
“onward,” and every succeeding year will
but chronicle her advancing prosperity and
her increasing wealth, and the 'nippiness and
improvement of her people.
Centralization.
The Greenville (So. Ca.) Patriot, has a very
forcible and well written communication, set
ting forth the deleterious effects, as illustrated
in history, of contralizaiion in government,
from which the following pertinent extract is
made, as peculiarly adapted to South Carolina,
ani which eminently deserves to be well and
maturely considered by her people: \ ■
“ Soulli Carolhia lias for many years opposed ever C'
tendency to Centralization in the General Govern
ment, but, in directing her attention to ibis point, she
seems to have omitted paying sufficient attention to
tbe avoidance of Centralization at home. la watch
ing and destroying the weed in front, she has allow
ed it to grow in tbe rear. Our Legislature centres
all power within her own focus, tar more so than the
government of any other State does. Our Governor
has no power; our Districts have no County adminis
tration ; the people have no voice in tho Presidential
election—the Legislature elects and appoints nearly
for all offices. South Carolina, in thia respect, is a
little France. Our leading men have assiduously
endeavored to prevent the growth of parlies; we
have no opposition; all our papers are on one side.
Yet, essential freedom cannot exist without a rigo
rous though loyal opposition-—it is the breath of life
in tbe nostrils of Freedom. It was for want of a pro
perly understood opposition that all power in antiquity
invariably verged to absolutism, whether popular or
monarchical. It was for want of an opposition in the
modern sense that all dissent from the ruling power
in tho middle agee became sedition, and it is the pro
per understanding of an opposition, ever since tbe
limes of George the First or Queen Anno, that has
made the House of Commons tbe real seat of Go
vernment, and Great Britain the regal Republic she
truly is.
“ Tbe effect of this elate of things with us has been
that the people at large tako lees interest iu measures
which essentially affect tie than in other States, and
that leaders exercise a far greater power. Even in
tbe last momentous elections, the number of votes
polled tn many Districts is much below thul which
appears at many minor elections, where personal dis
likes and favors enter aa an element of the election.
Tho election in many Districts was languid, and in
many cases, cilixans voted for persons epposed to the
opinion they themselves helu, because the election
was not considered with sufficient interest—because
the people are accustomed to Centralization—because
they are willing to leave matters, even such matters
as are now at issue, in the bonds of Laders.
“ This is not as it ought to be,—this is not repub
lican—this is neither grave nor manly. There can
be nr doubt that hail all the voters turned oat, and
had they exclusively voted upon tbe great question,
taking the names of the persons voted for as mere
symbols—in one word, had they all voted, and voted
upon the question before them, and not upon men—
the result of tho ballot box would have beeu very
different.”
The New Calumny upun Mr. Webster
—We publish a sketch of the extraordinary
speeches made by Mr. Allen, tho Abolitionist
member from Mass-ch users, in the House es
Representatives, on Tuesday night and Wed
nesday, with the replies of his colleague, Mr.
Asbmun. Mr. Allen, tho reader will see,
charges the illustrious Secretary of State with
agreeing to assume his preseuthigh office, upon
consideration of being paid the sum of SSO,
(K 0 by certain brokers in New York and Bos
ton. Tho ind guunt denial of Mr. Webster,
through Mr. Ashtnuu, must discredit, though
it cannot shame, the wre'ched calumniator,
before tho worl I. The public has not yet for
gotten, says the Richmond Times, the futile
attempt of [a more potent adversary than Mr.
Allen, Mr. Charles Jared Ingersoll, to blacken
the reputation of Daniel Webster, and with
what terrible confusion the accuser was over
whelmed by the recoil of his own slanders.
Such exhibitions as those made in the House
by Allen and Giddings on Wednesday, may
have one good effect, in convincing the North
ern people to what depth of degradation men
are carried by Abolitionism. Thoir traitorous
hate for the Constitution is disclosed in their
malignant spite against its most eminent de
fender.
Georgia Brooms. —Through the politeness of
Messrs. Lewis Jt Shackelford we have been fur
nished with a broom from the Factory of M. P.
Quillian, Esq. of Dahlonega.
For neatness of workmanship it is inferior to none
which we have seen, and as cheap as any which
coifie to this market. We hope that merchants in
future will consult their interests as we’l as State
pride by giving Mr. Quillian their orders.— Atlanta
Republican.
O.ik of thu first things to be done in laying
the foundation of a great work, is to "clean
up,” preparatory to commencing work, and
wo are pleaded to perceive that Georgia is pre
paring the implements for “sweeping out.”
And now that she is under weigh, those who
are familiar with lhe enterprise and industry of
her people, will require no assurance that she
will very soon sweep out most successfully
Northern brooms, together with many other
articles for which she is now dependent on the
North. The motto of Georgia is 41 to build
up the South,” by relieving herself and her
people from that state of dependence upon
the North which they have so long occupied.
She will thereby increase the wealth, prosper?
ty and happiness of her people, and teach the
North a lesson by which oven fanaticism, and
those who countenance it, as well as the Don
Quixofs of the South may profit.
By the way, speaking ol Brooms, reminds
us to commend to lhe attention of our plant
ing friends, the communication of Augustin
Grkbnx, Esq., and to suggest to them the expo
diency of planting a few acres in Broom Corn,
byway of experiment. 44 If you never try,
you’ll never do anything.”
A New Book,
Tmz City Merchant or thk Mystzrious
Failure —By J. B. Joaxs—lllustrated with
ten engravings. Lippincott, Grambo &
Co., Philadelphia.
This is an admirably told story founded upon
events which actually occurred io 1836, in lhe
order in which they are narrated ; and aa it is
especially designed to guard young merchants
and those connected with commerce against
those snares which bat to frequently beset and
entrap (he young and unsuspecting, it may be
read with profit by all classes and especially
the yeung merchant. For tale by T. Rick
ards & Son.
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.
—The March number of this valuable monthly,
is on our table—containing its usual variety of
orgin&l communications, and miscellaneous
matter. The work is published in this city by
James McCafferty, and edited by Professor
L. A. Ducas—price three dollars per annum
in advance.
Thx Public Debt. —Mr. Dawson announc
ed in Congress on Saturday that at the end of
the present fiscal year the public debt of the
United Stateswill be ana hundred millions of
dollars.
A Block for thx Mosumkst.—The Talla
dega (Ale,) “Reporter,” says: “We were
shown* few day* since a beautiful block of Mar
ble in coarse of preparation for the Washing
ton .M onotnent.by order of the Grand Lodge of
A Y. Maeons of this State ; under the super
intendence of Messrs. S. H. Dixon and John
H. Moore of this place. The following will
be the inscription when completed.
ALABAMA MARBLB.
Preeeated by
Thk M. W. GrasoLodcx.
of
Frxe A*t> Accrrrao Masosb
of the State of Alabama,
To
Tmk National Wasbington Momumbbt
Association.
Also the Seal of the Grand Lodge.
“The Marble was taken from a quarry in this
County, and will compare favorably with any
contribution that has er may be made."
By a dispau-h. from the Agents, we learn that
u*e steam-ship Alabama arrived at Savannah
last night iu 65 boars from New York, with
75 paseeager* aud a fall freight.
Meillcal College of Georgia.
Tar very interesting ceremony of confer
ring tho Degree of M. D., upon the graduat
ing class of this institution took place on
Tuesday last at the Masonic Hall, before a
large andience of ladies and gentlemen, who
wore very agreeably entertained by a very ap.
propriate Address from Dr. C. T. Quintard,
of Roswell, Cobb county, and a Valedictory by
Dr. R. E. J. Thomfson, one of the graduating
Class, in which we are pleased to learn, both
gentlemen acquitted themselves with much
credit.
We learn from the report of tl.e Faculty to
the Board of Trustees, that the number of
Students in attendance upon tho Lectures of
the Institution, during the Session just closed,
was 159, of whom 127 were from Georgia, 13
from Alabama, 12 from South Carolina, 2 from
Mississippi 1 each from Ohio, Tennessee, N.
Carolina, Kentucky and Arkansas.
We subjoin a list of the Graduates:
W. 8. Harden Savannah, Ga.,
R. H. Oakman Augusta,
J. T. Reid...... ..Union Co , “
E. A. Jones Early “ “
J. P. McCord, —Columbia co., Ga.
Rodney Burkeßurke Co., Ga.
J. G. Mathis “ “ “
B. F. Bentley Lincoln “ “
GH. Hunter. Warren “ “
M. P. DkadwylerMadison’ “
J. L. Hushes Floyd “ “
A. L. Patten *• << «
N. F. HowardLumpkin Co.. Ga.
Hezekiah Witcher.... Meriwether Co •*
M. S. Durham Oglethorpe “ "
A. A. JebniganGreene Co., “
J. R. Askew Pike “ “
W. P. Ragland..---. —Meriwether Co “
W. W. StandiferEarly Co., Geo.
J. J Cooper Warren “ “
Wm. Johnson DeKalb “ “
Sterling Gibion Warren “ ”
D'Cousey Antony Burke “ ”
R. E. J Thompson...... ” " “
8. B Simmons Augusta, “
T. W. S«hlky... “ “
R. W. Oliver. Scriven co., ”
J. T. Groves. Cobb “ "
A. P. AlldayLumpkin ” ”
J. C Buchana«Talbot " "
F. R. Oglethorpe, “
H. J GaltCherckee “ ”
JB. Hall. Baker " “
W. A. J. Anderson Cobb “ “
J. W. Young
Z. P. LandrumLexington, "
W. Roll Augusta,
W.C. Sheridan Talbot county “
B. B. Bailey.. Columbia” “
R. A. Dickinsoh,..Baker county, Ga.
J. G. Williams Greene •’ ’’
Samuel Eoyd,Washington co. “
J. L-Lamar,Autauga “ Ala.
W. L. Mill:gamDale “ “
W. L. Heflin..Randolph “ “
R. P. H. HeacockTaladega " “
O. P. MasbumHenry " Ga.
J. H. LatimerLaurens Dist., S. C.
W. J. West,.Edgefield Disc.. “
T. J. Young.... Monroe, Co., Tenn.
The Class numbers 50, which is the largest
ever graduated at the institution.
Nashville axd Looisvillißailroap.—The
Louisville Journal says: “A distinguished
gentleman who has taken an active part in
public meeting, in the southern part of the
State upon the subject of this railroad, speak
ing of what the counties and cities on the route
will subscribe, says there is no doubt at all Nel
son, will pot down $230,000, Larue $50,000.
Hart SIOO,OOO. Berrien $250,000, Allen
SIOO,OOO, Summer $300,000, Naabville $500,-
000, and Louisville $1,000,1X10, making an ag
gregate of s2,sso,ooo—which is $50,000 more
than Mr. Stevenson, the President of the Nash
ville and Chattarir>oga road, says will complete
the work.”
Fcgitivb Slave Bill.—A friend recently
showed us, says the Alabama Journal, a para
graph from a letter received 6y him from a
planterof Fauqnier county, Va., in which he
speaks of the good effects of the fugitive tlavo
bill in preventing the absconding of negroes
to tho free States. He says that previous to
this law, their losses from this cause were in
creasing annually—that crowds of valuable ne
groes went off every summer, but that since
the passage of the act they dare not venture.
New Post Vfvicks.—The following new
Post Offices have been established in Georgia:
Oak Ridge, Meriwether co., Cvrvs J Glow
er, P. M ; Nochaway, Randolph co., Seaborn
J. Thomas, P. M.; Brick Store, Newton co.,
Isaac H Parker, P. M. “Ark,” in DeKalb
county, lias been discontinued.
Cholera nr Tesskssek.—The Nashville
Banner of the 3rd inst., has the following post
script: “We are informed by a gentleman who
left Franklin yesterday afternoon that there
were three deaths in that place from 9 o'clock
the night previous to his departure, and one
more person was expected to die. The dis
ease is said to bo Cholera, and wo understand
the people th*ero-ara very much alarmed.”
Cou.vtbrkkit Bills of the denomination of
•ne hundred dollars on the Bank of Mobile are
in circulation —all persons should bo on their
guard, when bills of this denomination are
presented to them.
The spurious bills are easily detected by re
ference to the President’s name, which is spelt
Htllelt instead of Hallett.
Harper’s New Mosthlt Magazirk, for
March, is on our table.
The opening article, “ Snug, ” is a
Poem of rare merit, elegantly illustrated with
fifteen beautiful engravings on Wood. The
remainder of the table of contents, comprising
many articles from somo of tho favorite writers
of Europe and America, presents a most at
tractive bill, and we most cordially commend
it to public favor.
For sale by J. A- Carrik & Co.
Ehigratios.—Advices from Great Britan?
by the recent steamers state that the emigra
tion to America this year will exceed anything
heretofore witnessed. In Ireland especially,
there appears to be a fixed determination
among thousandsto come to the United States,
where they believe there is plenty of work and
good pay.
A great Cathedral is projected by the Ro
man Catbolics in Washington City. It is es
timated to cost $1,000,090, and it is to be paid
for by contributions from the Catholics in the
Union and by donations from Europe. A lot
of ground 300 feet square has been seenred
i for it.
Firas in Utica —There have been so many
fires recent'y in Utica, that the Common Coun
cil, with the Insurance Companies, have offer
ed a reward of seven hundred and fifty dollars
for the apprehension of any one concerned in
setting fire to any building in that city during
the present year.
The concern referred to in the annexed arti
cle from the New York Courier of Tuesday
morning hai published its advertisements ex
tensively throughout the country. The pros
pect seems to be a bad one both for newspaper
publishers and purchasers of tickets:
Another Lottery Concern Broken Up.— l. Towns
end, Secretary of a concern called the “World’s
Fair Art Union Company,”—situated al No. 50 Wall
street—was arrested yesterday by officer Cresset of
the Lower Police Gouit, charged with swindling
persons by receiving money for lottery tickets, pro
mising, if the lucky holder, to entitle him to a free
passage to the World’s Fair, SIOO in money when
he would get there, also advertising the same as an
incorporated company by the New York Legisla
ture. Townsend’s name is on lhe circular of the
Company a< Secmt ary. The drawing was adver
tised to take place on lhe 25th of March. This
Company, from what can be ascertained, have
already obtained about $15,000 by the course they
have taken, and the Post Office has recently been
flooded with letters from all parts of lhe country for
this Company, with sums of money inclosed. Tht>
complainant in the case is John E. Coleman, resid
ing at No. 285 Madison street, and the prisoner was
committed for examination by Justice Osborne.
Stock of Cottom.—The stock of Cotton in
Chattanooga on the 6th inst., was 2500 bales.
In ColumbuF, Ga., oo the 4th inst., it was
17,780 bales.
The Cotton Crop.—We have been per
mitted to make the following extract from a
private letter to a gentleman of Columbus,
Ga., dated :— Columbus Times.
Yasoo Citt, Feb. 21, 1851.
In answer to your inquiry as to what portion of the
crop is yet to go forward. I can only speak in refer
ence to this p’acc and the surroutKling country, and
the Ya>«> River for one hundred and fifty miles above
this to ju> mouth. lam of opinion that from 80 to 90
per cent, of :he crop in these sections of country has
gone forward ; our receipts here now, and for the
past two week?, have been very light. From the
bead tributaries of this river for the past four or five
■weeks, there has gone forward a pretty large amount
of cotton ; but my opinion is that the great bulk has
now gone forward. I believe there will be a gr“«t
tailing off in the receipts at New Orleans during the
month of March.
Thk Cotton Crop.—The following ex
tract of a letter dated Wetumpka, March 3rd,
1851, to Franlin Robinsom of Mobible, in
reply to one of his circulars,_we find in the
Mobile Advertiser:
44 Your favor came duly to hand, and would
have been answered sooner, bat for ’.he diffi
culty of getting ail the returns from the dif
ferent warehouses, wbicn I have just accom
plished, and hand you result:
Stock on hand Ist Sept, 1860, bales
Since received o'i dr
Amoint probably to be received* 2,1 w
20,900
“ I will remark there will be a falling off at
this place of some 1,000 or I.dOO bales, a large
por iou of which has gone to Charleston and
Sarannah by railroad We generally receive
here from 22 to 25,000 bales. Steck on band
at this date, 5.929 bales.”
A not lier New Cotton Gin and Press.
A short lime since we chronicled the intro
duction of Parkhurst’s new and improved
Cotton Gin, and we now have the pleasure of
announcing another, upon a different plan,
which the inventors, Messrs. Sargent & Brt
ant of Lowell, Mass., claimed to be superior
to the gins now in use, for picking the cotton
from tho seed and cleansing it from motes and
trash, without injuring the staple or fibre.
Attached to the machine is a press, also upon
an improved plan, which is propelled by the
same power, which packs the cotton as fast as
ginned, and such is its power, that a bag of
500 lbs. weight is compressed within much
lets space (one-third) than any press now in
use, and with less injury to the cotton. This
press, however, may be attached to any other
gin with equal facility as this. The gin and
press will in a short time be ready for exhibi
tion, when tho public will be invited to witness
their operation and judge for themselves.
They were both on exhibition at the late
Fair of tho “Massachusetts Charitable Me
chanics Association/’ at Boston in September
last, and were awarded a silver medal.
We subjoin a copy of the report of the
Committee, which the reader will perceive
expresses a very favorable opinion of the
merits of the machine:
The Committee would remark that no one of their
number is familiar with the ginning of Cotton by the
modern machinery, which has, doubtless, been more
or lees perfected by tho march of improvements so
plainly seen in almost every mechanical contrivance,
and therefore they do not feel fully competent to de
cide upon the relative mcritsof this machine. They,
however, have the pleasure of being aUle to state that,
at the time they were first examining it, there hap
pened to be present an intelligent gentleman from
the cotton growing districts of the South. He also
examined it, and had the kindness to favor the Com
mittee with his views of its merits. As near as we
can recollect, his impressions were, that its work was
performed in a superior menner. that it cleansed the
Cotton better than other Gins in ordinary use at the
South, and that the most approved Gint would not
more completely have stripped the seeds of their
clothing, than the machine under examination.
The peculiarities of this Gin, consist in the ar
rangement of a series of steel combs, about one and a
half inches wide, secured upon the surface of a cyl
inder &f about twelve inches in diameter. The teeth
of thvvWombs are very fine 4 protablgji tenth of an
and three-eighths of an inch long.*rDi
rectly upon the top of this cylinder abridge, (us we
term it) is erected, of some eight or ten inches in
height; the back side, or the side upon which the
crude cotton is fed into the machine, is so curved as
to afford an easy inclination for the unginned cotton
to revolve ; the curved surface of this bridge is
served with angular scores about three-quarters of
an inch in width, extending from bottom to top, and
forming, as it wsre, a series of saw-teeth ; these
are supposed to be necessary not only to collect the
seeds when in their last stages of ginning, but (he in
clined angular edges formed by the projection aids
we presume, much in tearing the fibre from the seed:
—the bridge being placed so close upon the top of the
comt-cylinder as not to permit seeds to pass. Near
the back side of the comb-cylinder, and at such
distance from it as to just admit the passage of a
cleansed seed, rises a board of some ten or twelve
inches in height, so as to form a sort of box. or recep
tacle for retaining the unginned cotton. The ungin
ned cotton being thrown into this receptacle the
fibres which come in contact with the comb teeth are
stripped from the seeds as they come in contact with
the serrated bridge, and are then carried forward
under it, where they are exposed to the action of a
slowly revolving brush of some six inches in dia
meter, whose office it is to brush motes, leaves, and
other foreign matters from the cotton as it passes.
Directly under the comb cylinder is a rapid revolv
ing brush and fan. which brushes the fibre from the
teeth of the comb, and blows it forward upon a sort of
lap-machine; from this lap-machine it passes upon a
revolving endless web, which carries it to a curious
ly contrived packing press. And here ends the ope
ration of the Cotton Gin, and for this we recommend
a silver medal.
The following commendation oftho Super
intendents and Overseers of the principal mills
in Lowell is equally favorable.
The undersigned, having witnessed the opera ion
of a new Ginning Machine and of a Press which
bales Cotton in the form of a lap, and examined the
condition of the cotton after being ginned and after
being baled, are of the opinion that the cotton cannot
be taken from the seed more perfectly, and that the
operation of the baleing iu this manner leaves the
staple uninjured in any way, and in a better condi
tion to handle in working, than the ordinary method
of baleing:
James Hopkins, ]
A. Hildreth,
Wm. H. Flagg, of the Booth
Andrew Blood, f Co’ton Mills Lowell,
Paul Perkins, | Mass,
Isaac Barrett, J
Alex. Wright,
Sup’l, Lowell Manufacturing Co
Geo. Motley,
Superintendant Appleton Co.
John Avery,
Agent Hamilton Manufacturing Co.
Robert Thompson,
Carder, Lowell Company.
Rort Factory in Mobile.—The following
notice of a new enterprise in Mobile, is but
another evidence that the South is daily lay
ing the foundation £of a true independence.
The Manufacture of rope will very soon
create a demand for hemp, and introduce its
culture in the northern districts of Alabama,
Georgia and Tennessee, where it may be cul
tivated with equal success as in Kentucky and
Missouri:
A Nsw Enterprise.—Some few weeks
since a couple of enterprising and experienced
manufacturers from St. Louis, the Messrs. Ar
nold, arrived in our city and commenced the
manufacture of Rope. Up to this lime their
operations have been carried on a few miles
from the city, but they have now nearly com
pleted a Rope walk GOO feet long, just beyond
Bloodgood’s Factory- So soon as they move
to their new location, they will be enabled to
manufacture about five tons of hemp a week.
They are now engaged in making what we be
lieve they call packing yarn, which is used by
the presses in the city in preference to the
common bale rope, as it is so made that it does
not stretch, no matter what maybe the pres
sure. They will also be preparedto make any
kind of cordage for ships, from a cable down.
XVe are glad to learn that they soil all they can
make, atid hope the demand and price will
justify them in extending their business.
If all the rope shipped up the rivers from
this port was manufactured in Mobile, much
better would it be for the country. Those
men broke up an extensive establishment in
St. Louis to come to Mobile, believing they
could manufacture rope here iu the market
where it is sold, and where they could learn
exactly what kinds are needed, at a better ad
vantage than could bo done in the West. They
are, as we learn, after having partially tried
the experiment, still of the same opinion.
Enterprises like this should be encouraged.
They not only benefit the country, but are the
very life-blood of a city. It is, too, the only
system through which we can build up a gen
uine independence.
No people ever were or ever can be, truly
free and independent, who depend upon other
nations or countries for almost everything they
need.
It is obviously the policy of our planters
and factors to encourage thia rope factory, as
well as the establishment of others. They
can do this by giving the articles made at home,
other things being equal, the preference. The
Messrs. Arnold expect for the present to use
horse power, but contemplate getting an en
gine as soon as business will justify. They
now employ twenty hancs.— Advertiser.
Business in CHATTAseonA—The Gazette of
the 6th inst., has the following notice in re
ference to the River and business of that
place :
" The weather for several days past, has been
warm, and vegetation is springing forth from its
winter retreat. White we write, Thursday morn
ing, the rain is falling from black and lowering
clouds, and the prospect is favorable lor another
season cf mud, rain and high waters.
“ The Tennessee is in fine boating condition aud
our gallant steamers are going ahead. Some of the
largest class are engaged almost exclusively in the
trade between Chattanooga and Decatur. Others
are making trips as high up as Dandridge in East
Tennessee, and Elkton and Fayet'eville, in Middle
Tennessee. The “Lady of Augusta,” is a jaunty
craft, of most beautiful finish aud fine machine
power. A passenger on her first trip up to Dan
dridge on the French Broad, gives us a glowing
description of her powers, and the reception she
met with in the new clearings in that fertile country.
“ Arrangements have been made by which three
of the steamers will keep up a regular paclcet line,
(carrying the pass- ngers aud mail between Gunters
ville and Decatur,) leaving on fixed days, Chatta
nooga and Decatur, aid touching at intermediate
points.
“ The bankshave been lined with Plat boats, loadg
ed with the rich vegetable and mechanical produc
t’ona of East Tennessee, and with the more precious
freight of women and children, bound to the wes
tern States. We have noticed more movers this
year than for the previous half dozen years.
‘•Produce is quiet. Cotton, the great regulator,
has got so badly out of fix, that Produce holders
and buyers don t know what to do. Our market is
uow well supplied with all the leading articles.
What will be the result of the present unlooked
for tumble down in the price of cotton, a few more
days will decide. We understand that the Charles
ton and Augusta Banks that had agencies here and
at Knoxville, with funds to advance on cotton and
produce have ordered suspensions of business, and
recalled the funds remaining in Agent.*’ hands. This
will bare a tendency to further depress prices.
“On Friday laa Mr. D. E. Gillespie sold 22,351
lbs. of Bacon, to gentlemen of Chattanooga, at9cts.,
hog round, and 3000 lbs. Lard at the same price.
But cotton must continue to come up until the
stuck on hand below is exhausted, as the New Or
leans and Mobile markets are as flat as any other,
and besides, those who have taken their cotton over
the Shoals, for shipment on steamers from Tuscum
bia and Eastport, cannot get it freighted, as the
boats have mere than they can do, and refuse to re
ceive cotton frciw above the Shoals.”
Joseph Milligan, was yesterday elected
Cashier of the Georgia Railroad and Banking
Company, vice John W. Wilde, resigned.
Christians Sentenced to Death.—Ac
counts from Madagascar state that in June last,
eight thousand Christians, who had assembled
at Imirena for worship were arrested by order
of the Queen and condemned to death. Eigh
teen had already been executed, when the rest
found means to escape, fled to the palace of
the Prince, and threw themselves upon his
protection. The Prince accorded hi* protec
tion in spite of the commands of his mother,
who fearing a revolution, did not dare to per
sist inker persecutions. The Christians were
at last accounts in safety. The Prince h&d
been several times to their prayer meetings,
and hopes were entertained that when he reach
ed the throne on the death of his mother, the
policy of excluding foreign merchants from the
port of Madagascar would be annulled.
Major Noah has been attacked by a stroke
of paralysis. He Las been perhaps the best
newspaper editor in the United States.
During the year 1850, $1'5,000 was raised
arid spent in L'berian colonization by the
American colonization Society, being more
than in any previous year
For the Chronicle 3? Sentinel.
Broom Corn.
The undersigned would respectfully inform
the farmers of Greene county, that a Mr. E
W. Warner, now at the North, a Broom Ma
ker by trade, has given me the most positive
promise, in a letter dated 29th February last,
that he will leave for the South about the 15th
inst., for the purpose of establishing a Broom
Factory in this county; and he most earnestly
requests that the planters of Greene county
should raise Broom Corn for him. Mr. War
ner wishes to carry on a large business, but
how can he do it unless you aid him by raising
the Broom Corn ? The quantity of Broom
Brush that can be raised per acre vary® from
500 to 1,000 pounds; but putting it al the
lowest figure, one acre will bring in tho hand
some sum of S4O, a much better business than
raising Cotton.
“ Broomtedgc,” a writer well known to the
readers of the Southern Cultivator, who
gave a quotation from Dr. Lee. found in the
January No. vol. 9th, page 7, speaking of
farming in the valley of Connecticut, ways:
“ Think of the Brush of Broom Corn being
worth SSO to SBO per acre, at 5 cents a pound,
and the seed worth, for feeding purposes, near
ly as much as good oats.”
“ How many hundreds of thousands of dol
lars arc annually paid by the Southern people
to northern farmers for Brooms to sweep our
houses with? These things could be easily
produced here, giving employment to many of
the poorer classes, and a check to the over
production of Cotton.” 1 will just here in
form my brother “ Broomsedge’’ that I have
been for the last two years working hard to
bring about this very thing, and am glad that
he has come to my aid. But I have done some
thing more than write on the subject, I have
now on hand 2,000 pounds of Broom Brush,
ready for the manufacturer. If “ Broomsedge”
or any ether person wants Broom Corn seed.
I can supply them.
Mr. Werner will give a model machine for
cleaning broom corn to any citizen of the
county that may apply to him and will give all
the necesary information in respect to the cul
ture and management of Broom Corn. On
the arrival of Mr. Warner due notica will be
given.
From the 15th of April to the first of May is
the best time to plant the seed, in rows three
feet a part and eighteen inches in the drill, and
from three to six stalks in a hill, according to
tUp atuuig h. of lhe land. Jt is the wish of Mr.
Warner to establish ITraefitdTtiTD-
if he can get a anrf lhe far inert
will raise the raw material for him. As 1 have
had soma experience in the planting of the
above crop I would take groat pleasure in
giving such information to tho citizens ol
Greene county as I am in possession of. J
hope to see a fins specimen of Brooms made
in this county exhibited at the State Fair, nexi
summer, and especially at our Fair in Greens
boro.’ A. Greink.
Jes erson Hall, Greene co., Ga., March 7.
For the Chronicle If Sentinel.
The South aud her Slave Interests tn
tlauger.
Mr. Editor : In the calm, serious and care
ful discussion of the above simple propositions,
are involved principles of vital interest to the
peculiar institution of the South. The com
plicated texture of American slavery, its diver
sified ramifications, extending, under our po
litical organization, into the most in imate rela
tions of life, its influence upon public opinion
and the vast pecuniary interests involved in its
existence, must necessarily give rise to a varie
ty of conflicting opinions as to its nltimato
destiny and tho agencies which control it either
for weal or wo. It will be readily conceded
that opinions which may have an influence up
on interests so momentous, should be carefully
weighed before a public expression of them is
hazarded; and their influence upon the judg
ment, even then, should ba determined by the
weight of authority by which they are support
ed. But on the other hand, wo should be
equally guarded against allowing ourselves to
be lulled into that incautious security which
forbids us to anticipate dangers until it is upon
us. In the ardor of our conflict with imagi
nary political dangers, evils of the most per
tentous aud threatening aspect, by our suffer
,.uce, if not connivance, are springing up
broadcast over the land, and producing the
very results against which our warfare has been
directed, but which wo anticipated from a dif
ferent source. While some incline to the be
lie r that the recent acts of Congress threaten
tho very existence of slavery, others express
themselves satisfied that tho crisis is past, aud
that its perpetuity is guarantied by the most
solemn pledges of legislative authority; but
we are free to confess that we entertain the
opinion that the danger is not passed, neither
do we look upon the acts of the lato Congress
1 as tho fountain from which ere to gush forth
either the bitter waters of strife, trouble and
’ ruin, or the healing streams of peace and safety.
' The evils that environ and menace, with utter
I destruction, the entire system of slavery, may
be traced with unerring certainty to a hasty,
unwise and incautious State legislation, which
! throws down the strongest safeguards to its
security, and leaves it exposed to influences of
the most injurious tendency. Freesoilisrn may
’ seek to appropriate to itself the balls of Con
! gress as a fit theatre for the display of its pteu
’ do-philanthropy, and may court political power
j as the means of embodying its principles into
the policy of the government; but slavery, tin
’ der the protecting power of State authority, and
containing within itself the elements of its own
’ perpetuity as a system, and the strongest in
’ ducements to the encouragement of a true re
publican spirit, stands as firm and impregnable
’ as a rock against the impotent assaults of its
arch enemy. But what abolitionism has failed
to accomplish, aided by the powerful auxilia
ries of a regular organization, and the strong
' tide of public opinion at the North, setting in
I its favor, will be eventually secured by the sui
cidal legislation of slavery itself, if a remedy
is not applied, and that right speedily. In con
sidering this subject we have been forcibly re
minded of the declaration of Mr. Walker, of
Richmond, in the last Legislature, “ thatwhilo
slaveholders had shown a commendable alacri.
ty and zeal in protecting most of the interests
confided to their care, the most important one,
slavery, had been left not only unprotected, but
legislation had been frequently directed ad
i versely to its interests.” Ido not pretend to
give his precise language, but I do not think I
have misrepresented his sentiments. There is
no doubt the legislative encouragement given
to the importation of slaves from the old slave
holding States on tho Atlantic, has had a direct
tendency not only to diminish the influence of
s’avery tn the councils of the nation, but to
lessen the value of slave labor, by depreciating
the price of its great staple product. The high
prices of cotton have invariably encouraged
, a great influx of slaves from the border States,
’ increasing tbeamountof laboring capital which
was immediately directed to fresh lands, as be
ing capable of yielding a larger per cent, upon
’ the capital invested. This increasing demand
, for slave labor in the new cotton-growing
States, has been supported by speculators at
advanced prices, by importations from the old
slaveholding States in which land, exhausted
by an improper and ruinous system of agricul
• ture, had ceased t> remunerate The slave
population of these Slates has thus been in
sensibly flowing South, and “ Mason and Dix
on’s line” (if I may be allowed the use of a
phrase so expressive) advancing into the heart
of the slave territory. T«e result of such a
course is ea’ily foreseen; the slave interest in
stead of being equally extended ever that por
tion of the confederacy suitable to its pursuits,
by which its influence and strength in the
weightier branch of our National Legislature,
could have been directed to its protection, has
been suffered for wan. of wise and far seeing
legislation to concentrate its numerical power
ia such a manner as to be almost valueless.
Slaves constitute twelve and a half per cent,
of the entire population of the country, involv
ing a pecuniary interest to that poition of the
Union in which they reside, of nearly one thou
sand millions of dol'ara. Apportioning this
amount among tbe five Atlantic States accord
ing to the slave population, would give them
fifty-three per cent, or between five and six
hundred millions of dollars, one half of which
would be in the possession of South Carolina
and Georgia. In 1834), tbe same five States
possessed sixty-seven per cent, of the slave
population, Virginia alone owning alittla over
thirty-four per cent. The increase of popula
tion in Georgia is almost unparalleled, being
needy twenty five per cent, within the last
three years. Her colored population, though
bearing a less proportion to her white popula
tion than either North or South Carolina, ex
hibits the enormous increase of eighty-eight
per cent, during the last twenty years This
increase can easily be made up from the cor
t .spo.iding deficit of the slave States north of
her. One very significant fact in connection
with this subject cannot have escaped the no
tice of the most superficial observer; it is
this, a falling off in the black population is in
variably accompanied by a stationary white
one. Tnat Georgia, with such a redundant
black population exhibits, instead of decay, a
condition of such unexampled prosperity and
wealth as to have acquired tbe proud, though
justly merited, title of the “Empire State of
the South,” is mainly attributable to the gigan
tic scheme of Rail Roads which have been
projected, and are now in process of comple
tion The rapid development of the ample
resources of the State, by this means, has en
abled her, by a happy division of labor and
strong inducements to a profitable investment
of capital, to counteract the evils growing out of
an overweening colored population. But who
can estimate the dangers to our qniet and do
cile black population, by contact and associa
tion with a vicious, runaway and intractable
people whose propinquity to the free Slates,
and amenity to the fugitive slave law, have ■
rendered them so discontented and unruly that 1
the gallows or expatriation alone can give the 1
country quiet. The market thus afforded by 1
the repeal of wise and wholesome laws, has '
been the means by which this debased and dan- 1
gerous class have been admitted into the State
and turned loose among onr own slaves to do '
their mischief. '
We sha I, however, close the present article (
by appending a few tables in support of the ,
peculiar views we have advanced, and to which f
we invite tbe attention of those who have never t
examined the aubject carefully, aud are there- f
fore disposed to decry all danger on the sub- t
ject. Not having data at hand by which the j
•lave population of Virginia and South Caro- e
lina could ba accurately estimated for 1840 and
1850, we have based tbe calculations upon the
increase of the preceding years, which will be p
found io exceed the census of slaves in Vir- 0
ginia, and perhaps Jail somewhat below it in a
South Carolina. We have excluded the Gulf I 1
States from our calculation, as it ia our par-[ b
pose to make their increasing population—
particularly in slaves—lhe subject of another
article.
Table 1 contains lhe proportion to the entire I
slave population of the U. Slates in each State ]
enumerated. Table II contains the proportion
of slaves to the entire population. Table 111 1
shows the increase of population according to
each census return. Table IV shows ths rela
tive increase of the whites and slaves. Table
V exhibits the proportion of slaves in the five
Atlantic States to those in the Union, and the
respective share of each in this proportion
Calculations made for the last fifty years, in
round numbers :
Table I. —Proportion of Slaves in the five Allan
tic Stales to those in the Union.
1800 1810 1820|1830 1840 1860
Maryland...ll -09 -07 -05 -03 .03
Virginia3B -33 -27 -23 .15 -15
North Carolina-• • .14 -13 -13 .12 *o9i*o9
South Carolina--• *l6 .15 -16 .15 .14 -13
Georgiao6 *OB -09 -10 -111*131
Table 11. Proportion of Slaves to total popula
tion in the five Atlantic Slates respectively.
— IBOO 1810 1820 1830”1840 1850
Maryland3o .29 -26 -22 -23 .17
Virginia 39 -40 *4O *3B -38 -35
North Carolina2B -3b *3O *33 -48 -49
South Carolina 46 -47 -49 -54 -55 -54
Georgia 36 -40 -40 *4l -49 -40
Table lll.—lncrease of total population in the
five Ahantic Slates respectively.
1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850
Marylando7 -11 -07 -10 -05 -12*
Virginialß -10*11 *13*021*13
North Carolina*. • *2l -16.14 J *16*021.06
South Carolina*.* *39 *2O. 21 *l9 . 021 .(8
Georgia9s *55 *35 -50 *331 *45
Table V. —Proportion of Slaves to those in the
Union in the five Atlantic States collectively,
and each States’ interest in it.
" "| 1800118T0| 18201 i836|T840|1850
Five Atlantic States,) *B9j *Bll *74| *67| *s7| *£4
Marylandl3 *ll *lO *O7 .06 *OS
Virginia 42 *4O *37 *35 .32 *3O
North Carolinal6 *l7 *l7 *l7 *l7 *l7
South Carolinalß *2O .22 .23 *22 *2l
Georgiao7 *lO *l3 *l6 *2O *24
* —* m CD Oi co a,"
j> o o o o m S
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co ot o go **
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&B i i i i i g
OO c
2 .S -7 -7 -7 -7 *? £•
? "p U 3 CO t— .C
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g O -S’ CO CO o 3
I § i ii i 7 f •
g I CT> 1— t— o Ts ua >
,s 17 " 7- “ £ “
V ; - £‘S
T 3 . ri * £ 172
3 5 .“ 5 ° I“ z :
f z > J M> O ■=
A Merited Tribute,
It affords us sincere pleasure to give place
to the following well merited tribute, to a most
efficient officer and worthy man:
At the last Term of the Court of Ordinary of
Warrea County, the following brief, but just tribute
cf respect was paid to P. N. Maddux, late Clerk of
said Court, which was moved by Win. Gibson,
Esqr., in a few brief and eloquent remarks, and
seconded by E. M. Pottle, Eiq., in tho same highly
complimentary manner in relation to the services of
our late worthy Clerk.
Im Warren Court or Ordinary, March Term.
. 1950. ’
Whereas P. N. Maddux, late Clerk of the Court
of Ordinary for the County of Warren, owing to
bis feeble health having declined are-election; and
whereas, bis faithful and efficient services as Clerk
of said Court for the term of sixteen years, entitle
him to the thanks of this Court, the Btr, and the
citizen? generally :
Lie it therefore Resolved, That the thanks of this
Court and the Bar, are hereby tendered to said
P. N. Maddux, Clerk as aforesaid, for hie courtesy,
promptness and efficiency while acting ae said
1 And be it further Resolved, That a copy of this
order be entered on the records of the Clerk of this
Court, and a copy be furnished said P. N. Maddux,
and a copy sent to the Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel
for publication.
M. H. Wellborn, r. x. o,
W. H. Edwards, j. i. o.
Dreury W. Rooses, j. i. c.
Madison D. Cody, r. i. c.
Adam Jones, o. c. o.
For the Chronicle if- Sentinel.
TO SAMMIE.
In after years when you recall
The days of pleasure past,
And think of joia that all
Have flown away too fast.
if some forgotten air you hear,
Brings back past scenes to tbee,
And sadly charms the listening ear,
Keep one kind thought of me.
In fairer "scenes,” ’mid brighter skies,
Perchance you may roam —
Then let your fond heart fondly prise,
The dear old friends from home.
And ’mid thy pleasure—should a aigh
Unheeded fall from thee ;
While tho bright tear drop dime thine eye,
Keep one kind thougbtof me.
Columbia County, Ga., E.
S OU T H E R N CULTIVATOR,
Opinions of the Press.
Cultivator.—We have before us tho
Southern Cultivator for February. It is valua
ble to the planter and should be taken by every
one in the country. It always has something
new on the subject of planting and machine
ry that will repay tenfold its cost. — La. Re
pub.
The Southern Cultivator for February
baa been received. This work is published
monthly in Augusta, Ga., at $1 per annum,
in advance—Daniel Lee, Editor. The Cui,
tivator is one of the best agricaltural papers
in the Union, and should be in the hands of
every farmer. The number before us is filled
with useful and instructive information to the
planting interest.— Kot. (Miss ) Chron.
Nashville and Hendbrson Railroad.—
We notice that a largo meeting was held at
Hopkinsville, Ky , on the 22d nit., adopting
spirited resolutions in behalf of entering upon
this important contemplated improvement.
They advocated a tax upon that (Christian)
county, to the amount of $300,000 for this
purpose, and set apart the 2d Monday of May,
as the day upon which to take the popular
vote upon the question This road would
lead through the heart of a great coalfield.—-
Nath. Banner 3d inst.
Destructive Fire—A fire occurred in
Spring Place, on Monday morning last, which
resulted in the destruction of tho dwelling
house snd office of Joseph McDowell. We
understand that a valuable library belonging to
Wm. A. Lofton, Esq. was also destroyed. The
firn is supposed to hove been the work of an
incendiary.— Atlanta Intel.
Mail Robbeiiy and Robbers Detected.—
Dr. J. J Burnett, an untiring Post office
Agent, reached Chattanooga on Tuesday
night last, with O. M. <& John Thurman, the
former the Post Mas.er at Thurman's P. O.
Marion county. The mail between this place
and Nashville had been frequently robbed of
late, and our Post Ma ter, Carr, wu quite
vigilant in finding out the guilty. When D r
Burnett arrived he was directed te search that
office and succeeded iu detecting the robbers
with such undoubted evidence of their guilt,
that they cannot possibly escape, and are now
on their way to Nashville to be tried for the
offence. The Dr. recovered upwards of
S4OO which had been purloined from the
mail, and a groat many letters which were
violated, and found in the mails and in the
possession of tho Thurman’s. * The younger
Thurman confesses all, but his brother who
was the Post Master denies. Dr. B. deserves
great credit for his industry and skill in detect
ing the robbers, as it was a great annoyance
to the country.
We are pained to make the announcement
of the above robbery, as the young men have
heretofore sustained fair characters and are
connected to many of tbe most useful and
praiseworthy citizens in thu country. They
have the sympathy of all who know them, and
stand acquitted of all reproach.
It is hut due to say that as these offences
never happened until the recent starling of the
stages on that line, and that suspicion conse
quently attached to the drivers, that it was
incidental and they are now free from it. Dr.
Burnett says that the drivers acted honorably
and done all they could to assist him in detect
ing the robbers.— Chattanooga Gazette.
Who are tour Aristocrats.—Twenty
years ago this one butchered, that one made
candles; another sold cheese and butter; a
fourth carried on a distillery ; another was a
contractor on canals ; othera were merchants
and mechanics. They are acquainted with
both ends of society—as their children will be
after them, though it will not do to say so out
loud. For often you shall find that those toil
ing worms hatch butterflies, and they Jive
about a year. Death brings a division of pro
perty; and it brings new financiers; the -old
agent is discharged; the young genllemin
takes his revenues, and begins to travel—to
wards poverty which he reaches before death
—or his children do if he does not. So that
in fact though there is a sort of moneyed rank,
it is not hereditary ; it is accessible to all ;
three good seasons of cotton will send a gene
ration of men up ; a score of years will bring
them all down, and send their children agaiu
to labor.
The father hoards, and grows rich; his
children strut, and use the money; their chil
dren inherit the pride, and go to shiftless pover
ty ; their children, reinvigorated by fresh ple
bian blood, and by the smell of the clod, came
up again. Thus society, like a tree, draws its
sap from the earth, changes it into leavles and
blossoms, spreads them abroad r.n great glory,
sheds them off -o fall back to the earth, again to
mingle with the soil, and at len gthto reappear
in new trees and fresh garni tun j.— Hunt's Mar*
chants' Magazine.
The U. 8. Marshal of Mis sourt has com
pleted the census of that Sts to, and reports
the emire population at 682,907. The c.ty
and < oumy oi St. Louis, has a population of
1 00,064, or nearly one sixth, of the entire num
ber of inhabitants of the 3 late.
Kxplo.lon of the Oregon.
Tun Clerk of the steamer Empire State
furnishes the N.O.Bse, by telegraph, the fol
lowing accoant of the terrible explosion of
the Oregon:
Vicksburg, March 3.— Ou Saturday, March
2d, on entering the chute of Island 82, the steamer
Oregon, Capt. Montgomery, from Louisville to
New Orleans, which had passed ui but a short
time before, was discovered at the distance of about
a mile, tying to, her cabin over the boilers, and the
pilot house being an entire wreck, and smoke is
suing upwards, showing too plainly that she had
not only exploded, but was on fire. Before getting
down to her, the Iroquois, bound up. had run up to
her and taken off all who could be found on board;
but on account of the fire was soon compelled to
leave her. The yawls of the Iroquois and Empire
Steteranout lines to the shore, but the immense
weight of the boat in a strong current, parted them
instantly, when she drifted on down and lodged on
the bend of the island, where she burnt to the wa
ter’s edge, and undoubtedly will soon sink. The
boat was under way at the time of the explosion, the
servants being at dinner, and the passengers various
ly situated about the boat.
Those who were in the after part were, as far as
can be ascertained, uninjured; and several ladies
who were in front of the pilot-house, on the hurri
cane deck, with children, on the very portion of the
boat which was blown to pieces, are now on board
the Eclipse, still unhurt. The following list com
prises the names of all who were taken on board
this bout froui the Iroquois :
Mrs. Harmon an 1 two children, Indianapolis;
Mrs. Hughesand child, Braley Landing, La.; D.C.
Cully and lady, Mrs. Cully and five children, and #
two servants, B. Patterson, all of Kentucky ; R. B.
Sheldon and lady, Versailles, Ky.; Miss Daniel,
Nicholasville, Ky.; Miss Parrar, New Orleans; W.
H. Kurd, lady and son ; George Mathis, Lexing
ton, Ky.; Mrs. Asher, four children and servant,
New Orleans; R*. If. Phillips, Mississippi; Mon
r<e Gibson, St. Louis; Dr. Du sen berry, Caroline,
Va.; S. R. Ennis, Houston, Texas; O. C. Wood
ward, Memphis; M. Walid, Patrick Phiiber, a
fireman, Anderson Torrence, Lake Providence;
W. A. Montgomery, H. Wemplar, Gosport, Ind.:
G. D. Rabb, Rising Sun, Ind ; A. McGiegor, Terre
Haute, Ind.; Charles Bosland, Ohio; L. L. Lacock,
I Baton Rouge; W. A. Bedell, Columbus, Ga.j S.
W. Vincent, Delaware ; the barber of the boat and
bis wife.
’ The following are injured: Mr. Cully’s two’Wr
‘ vant women, badly; Mrs. Asher’s youngest child, ,
since died; Mrs. Asher’s servant, very badly scald- ’
ed; Anderson Torrence, badly scalded; Pat. Phil
ber, very badly scalded. All of the above arc very
badly injured, and can hardly iecover. Montgom
ery and Wimplar are slightly wounded, and a bar
ber quite badly. Captain Montgomery was reported
to have his arm broken. His surviving
give him much praise for his efforts to save them ’
from the burning boat. Mr. Brown, the first clerk,
Mr. Lul ken, the second clerk, badly scalded; went
up o.i 4W Iroquois. The pilots and engineers are
sated. Os the balance of the crew l cannof obfairy
any reliable information, but very many of lhe cabin
crew and hands are undoubtedly lost. Most of those
who were at the servant’s table, in the forward part
of the boat, received injuries.
The cloud of steam was seen from this boat, but
no noise heard by any one. Some of those on board
of the Oregon say there were two distinct reports
about fifteen minutes apart. Sever.l saw one ol the
boilers go overboard, and afterwards float a moment
on the water. The mate of the boat, who was on
board of the Oregon after the flames had nearly en
veloped the whole boat, is confident that he heard
the voices of five or six different persons; and it is
lhe general opinion of those who were saved that
from ten to fifteen dead or dying persons were on
board wh r n the boat burnt. Richard Young,
Shelby, badly sca’ded, is on lhe Ircquois. The num
ber and names of those who remained on board of
the Iroquuis are not known to me, and the estimate
of the loss is so imperfect that it is probable one made
now would prove to be wide of the truth.
George Benedict,
Clerk of the steamer Empire State.
7UBTHBR PARTICULARS.
From Mr. Benedict, clerk of tho steamer Em
pire State, which boat arrived here this morning,
we have obtained additional information concern
ing tne explosion of tbo steamer Oregon. Tire loss
of life, it appears, was much greater than was re
ported through the telegraph.
Mr. Benedict says .* ” Having made particular
inquiry among those who were saved Irom the
Oregon, lum satisfied that the number killed and v
wounded is much greater than was given in the
telegraphic estimate. None but those who were
able to walk were got oft* the wreck. There was
no time to search for tbe wounded. The number
of those who perished on board will, iu all probabili
ty, never be ascertained.
The Oregon’s crew, all told, numbered about
seventy, five; and the cabin passengers, sixty.—
With a few deck passengersthe total number of per
sons on board was between 135 and 150.
Thirty-three of these were taken on board the
Empire State. Not so many, I think, were taken
on the Iroquois.
The killed and missing would thus amount to
ebout seventy persons, without including deck pas
sengers.
Os those enumerated in the telegraphic despatch
as badly scalded, three died within afe hours af
ter they were taken from the wreck. T vo of these
unlbrtunsto vieiims were female servar , and one
the child of Mrs. Asher.
The others who were badly scald . were left at
Vicksourg and Natchez.
Scarcely anything was saved from the burning
wreck.
It is impossible to give any adequate description
of the condition of those eufl'ereis that were put oi
board the Iroquois. Some were almost naked, with
their faces so b’ackcned that they could not be re- ,
cognized, and the skin hanging in sb.eds from thus a
parts of their bodies that were scalded. One mo
ment they begged for assistance ; the next they
called on death to end their torture. The scenew.-is j
almost too painful to be witnessed.” — N. Orleans
Picayune, 6th inst. 3
Explosion or tho Oregon, f
The following additional particulars of the I
explosion of this ill-fated steamer, we find in ■
tbo Nashville Banner : f
Paducam, March 6. ij
We received the following heart rending in- <■
telligence through the politeness of Jas. N. ■
Walker Clerk of the Steamboat Irotjpois, at 9 1J
o’clock P. M., and in one hour give itfo our--■
readers
The line steamer Oregon bound down'd’ l0 ™ 1
Louisville, while passing through chuttX 1
Island 82about one o’clock, Sunday P. sB?"
the 2d inst,, burst her boilers with a treinemm—
dous report carrying awav her forward cabin
and uppei deck, killing and scalding at least
60 persons. The Oregon was heavily laden,
and had on board r>mßo to 100 passengers.
The passengers of tne Oregon had just finish
ed dinner and were generally collected in the
ball and on the forward guards at tbe time the
explosion took place, spreading death and de
struction all around. Tbe Oregon took fire
immediately after exploding and burned to tbe
water’s edge, and being in the channel of the
river, under way, would have inevitably con
sumed all on board but for tbe timely assistance
of the steamboat Iroquois, which was lying
by wooding wi'hin a mile of the Oregon. Up
on seeing the explosion, Capt. Lee of the Iro
quois gave orders immediately to go to bar
relief, which was delayed but a few minutes
by the cylinder head of one of her engines
being oIT, which was replaced immediately and
inn few moments Has alongside the awful
wreck.
The Iroquois just (’reached the Oregon as
the flames burst through her hurricane roof,
when we behold a sight tho recollection of
which will continue with us through life
Men, women and children were collected
together on the after part of the boat without
any possible means of getting away only by
throwing themselves into tbe river, the flames
surrounding them in an awful grandeur end
the steps carried away by the explosion, the
shrieks of the women, the frenzy of men ready
to leap overboard, in order to avoid a still
more horrible death by fire, the groans of the
scalded and dying, together with tbe piteoua
lowing of the cattle and neighing of tbe horses
was a scene well calculated to arouse the deep
est feelings of our natures.
Capt. Lee ordered the Iroquois to run her
bow aft of the wheel of the Oregon, and lad
ders being placed from the upper deck of the
Oregon to the bows of the Iroquois, a'l on
board that were able to walk ware taken on
board not however without the greatest dan
ger of the Iroquois taking fire from the burning
wreck. Capt. Montgomery was tho last man
to leave the Oregon, which hedtd just as the
Iroquois was backing away from her. The
parting es tho two boats caused the ladder to
fall, and Capt. M. being on it wns thrown into
the river, from which he was safely rescued,
escaping with several bruises. The Clerk’s
office of the Oregon was entirely blown away,
together with the books and papers of the
boat.
Mr. Geo. Brown, let Clerk, was in the office
at the time of the explosion and was killed.
The waiter* in the Cabin were at dinner and
were all killed except the steward. Eight
white firemen, on watch, were killed. It is
utterly impossible to give any correct idea of
the lose of life, there being nothing left where
by we could ascertain the names of many on
board.
The Boor of the Iroquois presented an awful
sight, being literally covered by persona
and literally skinned from scalds, many oRE
whom were in the very agonies of death.”
The Iroquois had on board 25 of the scalded,
11 of whom died before reaching Memphis.
Below we give the names of the scalded on
board the Iroquois, together with a list of the
officers and crew so far as we could ascertain.
This list is correct as far as it goes.
The Oregon was scuttled, which proved use
less, as the burning off" the npper works caus
ed her to raise faster tjian the holes could sink
her. The Bulletin came up soon after the ac
cident and endeavored to extinguish the flames
by moans of her doctor, which proved abor
tive. Mr. Williams and others, passengers on
the Bulletin, kindly afforded their aid and re
mained on board the Iroquois using their ut
most skill in endeavoring to alleviate the suf
ferings ot the scalded until the boat reached
Memphis, when most on board, badly scalded,
were taken to the Hospital.
Jamxs N. Walkir, Cl’rk Iroquois.
A'rcsped Unhurt.— James Dean, Pilot; Mr.
Dean, Steersman; Mr. Peck, Bar-keeper;
John Whits, Steward; Mr. Miller, Mate;
Peter Bragg, Watchman; H. Smith, Carpen
ter; Mr. Creed, wife and three daughters;
Win. D. Qnissenberry, of Georgia; D. B.
Robb, Rising Sun, Indiana; three Engineers,
and a number of slaves.
Killtd and Died.— George Brown, Ist
Clerk; Richard Young, Shelby co., Ky.; Wm.
Miller, Harrison co., la., Mrs. Ashers, Louis
ville, Ky.: Patrick Murphy, do; Patrick Lyon,
deck band; Wm. Larkin, Louisville; Edward
Davis, Cabin boy; George Rochester, do;
John Jones, do; Fielding Chills, do; Isaac
Knight, do; Ben Loring, do; Calvin Wise, do;
Ben, slave, belonging to the Peytona; 0,,e
engineer, name unknown; 8 white firemen,
on watch; one man on the bank, unknown. ■
Scald id and Injurtd— Capt. Montgomery,
badly hurt; Burrett Mulligan, 2d Clerk, slight
ly aealded; Mr Lyons, Bar-keeper; Mr. Con
nell, Pilot; John W. Cox, Nelson co., Ky.,
badly scalded; G. C. Musselman, Covington’
K’.; C. Atkinson, Calloway eo., Ky ; Isaac
W. Fall, Princeton, la.; John Johnson, Bar
ber.
Triatixs Ratithd.— We learn from onr
Washington correspondent that during yester
day’s sitting of the U. 8. Senate, in Executive
session, that body ratified three Treaties, vis;
The Treaty with Portugal; the Treaty with
Switzerland, and the Tehuantepec Treaty with
Mexico. We further learn ;hat the Extradi
tion Treaty with Mexico was rejected.
It is an old thought that pleasure and pain
are twin buds. One may add, he that rudely
plucks away the one, will be sure to binder
the development of Ike ottwij