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TH 4 4’l -"lx & || J Rij r St ilrl hl N ! I X I 0< U M t- M 4 t’l Vr t*
H Hua < JOI ill W? I M I HPI Fl » M 4, % H. tkw 7 ?e! R,fe Rl I ! Bf , i
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
Serins, fee.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE ANDSENTINEL
Is Published every Wednesday,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten
Dollars, SIX copies of the Paper will be sent for one
year, thus furnishing the Paper at the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR TEX DOLLARS.
or a free copy to all who may procure us five eub-
Mrlbers, and forward us the money.
-■HE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, ano mailed to sub
■eribers at the following rates, viz.:
Daily Paper, if sent by mail-••-37 per annum.
Tri-Weskly Paper 4 “ “ I
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
In Weekly. cents persquere (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
or etch subsequent insertion.
(gdiuation.
COVINGTON FEMALE SEMINARY
THE PRECEPTORIAL care of the above
named Institution, has been conferred upon
ibe subscriber, by the Trustees, for the year 1851.
A large amount of money has been appropriated
by the cvixens of and vicinity, for the
erection of a Female CoUegeiu this place. A com
modious and splendid edifice will be built, and all
the apartments tastily and conveniently fitted out.
It is confidently expected that the exercises of the
Collegiate Jourse will commence in January, 1852,
under an able and efficient faculty.
The exercises of the Seminary will commence on
the Th rteenth of JANUARY, 1851. Competent
Assistants will be procured in the various depart
ments. ■ • _ - v . ...
The special jrf’joct of thie ScWl'r’-io instruct
" > T.'|r” T »» th© rudiments, a* well as in tbe
mors advanced stages of a good education. Follow
ing the most approved systems of instruction, with
nine years’ experience io teaching, the subscriber
flatters h*niseif he can offer to his pupils advantages
not surpassed io any School in the State.
Particular attention will be paid to Reading.
Spelling, Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar,
History, Composition, Penmanship, Ac., as these
constitute the foundation of a thorough and practical
education.
The course of Instruction pursued at this Semina
ry !• liberal —embracing every particular necessary
to improve the mind, form the manners, enlighten
understanding and prepare tbe pupil to move
Jinth ease, respectability and usefulness in any circle
•I society or sphere of action.
Much of the happiness of every family depend* on
* proper cultivation of the female mind. To accom
plish tbi* object, and in ev<ry respect to meet the
wishes of parents and guardians, in relation to their
youthful charge, no pains or expense will be spared.
Tbe Principal will devote himself exclusively to
tbe instruction and discipline of the School. He
will eon-idcr hims If invested with a discretionary
parental authority; constantly treating the S.udents
with mildness and moderation, governing them by
applying \,he more honorable and generous excite
■aenu tj/good conduct; but in cases which manifest
wickedness and obstinacy of character,
JFBcn all advisory measures sbail have proved inef
fectual, he will then proceed to infi'ct such punish
ment as may be deemed necessary to reclaim the
pupil and sustain the character of the School.
Parents and Guar Hans may be well assured that
their children and wards will be accommodated with
board on he most reasonable terms, and every at
tention paid to their comfort and convenience.
The price nf Tuition is reasonable, and in accord
ance with the time*. The Pupils will be charged
from the time of entering tbe School until the close
of the term. AH dues must be paid at the close of
oaeb term.
Music, Wax-work. Drawing and Painting, will be
taught i y skillful teachers, at reasonable prices.
To persona at a distance it may be well to say —the
locality is healthy and desirable ; the society plea
sant and cultivated.
For further information address the Principal.
d3l w3m JAMES L. RANDLE, A. B.
Kenesaw Female Seminary.
A BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL,
for Young Ladles— Marietta, Georgia. Rev.
Tbomas F. Scott, Rector.
The Twelfth Session will commence on MONDAY
FEBRUARY 3, 1851.
Gircu’art sent, on application to (ho Rector.
HI4 w'S'n
hotels.
ROWLAND’S SPRINGS
MNOT IXTKNDISG to engage again
in pubtic buunes at ike Springs, I would
lea-e them the present year, or for a term
ot yt«.n; or I would sell t'«e Property on a credit to
suit purch-isers. For health, c..ut* nit nee, and as a
place of fahiunrble report, it has been too well
known (or the last 5 yearn, to need a description.
Fur terms, &c., application can bo made tr me at
Cartersville, Ga.
fo2bw4« JOHN S. ROWLAND.
WALTON HOUSE,
fix J USSR 11. ARNOLD,
At Monroe, Halton County Georgia.
' _ fe6 if
FRANKLIN HOTEL,
BHOAO STREET, A’lguXa. Gi.,
* ffilfd one square above the Globe Hotel, on the
fteudi side of Broad struct,
nlO-wly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor.
EAGLE HOTEL,
MADISONVILLE. TENNESSEE.
THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure ZM
in returning hiathanks to hie friendsand
the public, lor the very liberal patronage here- •**«*•**
tofore extended to him. And liaving recently im
proved and extended his buildings 6>. as to afford the
beat accommodations to almuet any number of trav
el ten and persons wishing boarding, he confidently
expects an increase of public favor and patronage.
Budding situated on second block south of the
Public bquare-onG hundred and fifty foot long—
rooms regularly laid oil* and well furnished. He is
else well prepared to tnko the berf care of burses, Ac.
Stable large and secure—careful and attentive ser
vant*. In short, the greatest attention will be paid,
and peins taken, to render ail comfortable who may
call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
Madisonville, August 3, I'so. au3-wtl
VICTORIA HOTEL,
CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.
THE UNDERftIGNED, late of the
|H|I Eagle A Pbmnix, Augusta, and Carolina Ho
tel, Hamburg, respectfully announces to her friends,
and the public generally, that she has leased the
elecant and con.u»odious building, known as the
VICTORIA HOTEL, where she will be happy to
receive all wbo may favor her with their paircnage.
The situation of the House renders it desirable to
those visiting the city either on business or p'easure.
No pains will be spared to render satisfaction to all
who may call. An omnibus will always bo ready
to receive passengers at the Rail Road or bu-ts.
f.>2B w 4 E C. WEST.
LIVERY STABLES,
MADISON, GEORGIA.
HARHALL A HARRIS
-vfy- be g leave to announce to
their friends in Madison and *3Mh
Vre, J jfcr, ■ the travelling Public gene- M* .S”
rally,'that they have opened the above STAHI.bS,
and that they intend to keep as fine
BUGGIFSand HORSES, ascan be found in anw
Stables —witncareful drivers Citixens of Madisoir
and strangers visiting Madison, by coming to us.wili
always find ready accommodation, to go any where
' tfisv wi*h on reasonable term*.
Mndison, Jan. 29 1850 I
GROCERIES, GROCERIES. ’
THE SUBSCRIBERS are now re- (
■MB ceivieg an extensive assortment of Heavy .
■MbMian<l Fancy GROCERIES, which they
oiler tu ibe Planters, Merchants and Families of Geor
gia, on the most advantageous terms. Their Stere
is just above the principal Hotels, and they solicit 1
all purchasers visiting Augusta, to favor them with a
call and examine their stock.
Tnev now offer the (allowing Goods for sale low :
100 bales Gunny BAGGING,
250 coils | inch Kentucky ROPE,
BQhhds. St. Croix, Porto Rico anti N.O. SUGAR
100 bbls. Stuart’acrushed, ground and yellow Do.
2511 hiuya Java, Rto and Laguira COFFEE,
,300 xegs NAILS,Peru bread,
20 tone Swedes IRU N, assorted sixes,
JOO bbls. Canal FLOUR, of the Hiram Smith
HL and ether choice brands,
ba 100 boxes Sperm, Adamantine and Tallow CAN
-lU.ES,
M 0 000 SEG ARS of various qualities,
’iHQ boxes TOBACCO, of different brands,
3,000 sacks Liverpool SALT, In lino order.
jh»d all other articles usually kept in the largest
Grocery House#.
♦I&J. R. A W. M. DOW
NOTICE.
TO PERSONS WANTING HIGH PRES
SURE STEAM ENGINES,
OR MACHINERY OF ANY KIND.
TIIK subscriber will furtrieb ENGINES, ot the
following diameter of cylinder, *.nd length oi
stroke, with a sufficient amount of boilers, at the fol
lowing prices.
Piameter of Length of
Cylinder. Stroke. Power. Price.
IS m. 72 in. 70 horse. 35.000
15 ia. 40 io. 45 - 3.500
12 in. 42 in. 25 •• 2 ‘2OO
12 in. 30 in. 20 2.050
10 »u. 36 m. 15 M 1,7(4)
Win. 30 in. 12 “ 1,200 |
6 in. 15 in, 5 " TOO !
These Engines will ve finished iu good workman- |
like manner. The above prices include Boiler-
Force and Luling Pumps, Ac., delivered at Charles,
ton or Savanaah. put up u complete running order,
and warranted liw 6 months.
Address, within 2 months,
L. P. GARNER, Aguat, Warrentoa, Ga.
Or at any time,
\VM. DsHAVEN, Minersville, Pena.
jatl-dlwA warn*
SPRING HILL MACHINE SHOP.
A FOR HVILVING AND REPAIRING
A.Ukmds ofCOI DON AND WOOL Mt
Glaring,af«tik.o.!,-Ti’KMNG iron,
WOOD. *<■.,
ALSO, WOOL CARDED AND HATTED,
»ix i .tatrom Aax<Mla,«i the Lauuvilk road,—her.
lae proprietors will be grateful for allonter. —orthey
CMbelefUtC. A A M. H. WILLIAMS S. Angus
tv—orlireetedlo K.ctiu-.u.?. Factory P. O.
4SL-f HACK * DUVAL
BACON. BACON.
20,000 p tH^’ee SH ° lLUER ’
' SO QU) tbs. K’CJa HAMS, etwee.
Just roc ■-.eJaud £« «u sy
_ hand williams tea.
SUPERIOR SEED CORN
YNOH. SALK at JAS T. DOTH WELL’S star.
1? «s 9
! WSBKLY
CIIBOXIi’I.E AND SENTINEL
Vcclrji.
Per the Chronicle Sentinel.
Lines on the D< mill nf a Pious Friend.
The weary foui’e al rest—
-3 hr* pilgrim’s lx.rec at last;
1 lie status cf .i e to him is husked—
H’s sorrows all are past.
Why should we enuro for dice —
A spirit r b’d in light ;
A seraph n?ar the dazzling Throne,
Baling in gkry br glic?
Methinks I hear thee say—
“Fealh :j to me but gain;
Not all the gilded toys of eat th
Could tempt me back again.’ 1
Farewell, thou siinicd one,
Tbou’rt in thy ISavionr’a breast;
No threat’ning storms nor angry feed
Can interrupt thy rest.
Sweet in the tomb thy sleep,
’ Till Christ shall bid thee rise,
And glorify thee with His saints,
e And take thee to the skies. D.
n Augusta, March 4, 1851.
TAKE THE WORLD AS IT IS.
_ Take the world as it is I there are good and bad in it,
And good and bid will to from now to the end ;
And they who expect to make saints in a minute,
, Are in danger of marring more hearts than they’ll
mend,
If ye wish to be happy, ne’er seek for the faults,
□r you’re sure to find something or other amiss;
’Mid much that debases, and much that exalts,
The world’s uat a bad one, if left *3 it is I __
-.id as L • *^ rf ** e be (
Ne’er stir up the hiddeu befowl
There’s wisdom in this/uut there’s none in repining
O’er things which can rarely be mended, we know!
There’s beauty around us, which let us enjoy ;
And chide not, unless it may be with a kiss ;
Though Earth’s not the Heaven we thought when a
boy,
There’s something to live for, if taken as it is.
Take the world as it is! wi<h its smiles and its sorrow.
Its love and its frie.-aship—its falsehood and truth ;
Its schemes that depend on the breath of to-morrow !
Its hopes, which pass by like the dreams of our
youth.
Yet oh I whilst the light of affection may shine,
The heart in itself bath a fountain of bliss!
In the wur&t there's soar?’ -ark of a nature Divine,
And the wisest and bast take the world as it is.
Prom the Nashville Banner.
CALL TO SPRING.
Season of promise ! puma thy wing!
Lose thy pinion, bright hued Spring!
Scatter thy treasures once again,
Give us flowers and dewy ruin.
Bring to the pining sweet relief,
Spread thy charm over pain and grief,
Round each portal, oh kindly fling
Some of thy beauties, cheering Spring 1
Hang a curtain of tender green,
And twine a fresh and graceful screen
About the simple, homely shed,
Shading softly each care-worn head.
Visit the prisoner in bis cell,
Call to his mind his native dell,
Where whistling like the forest birds,
He followed blow bis faker’s herds.
Speak totho rich of nature’s wealth,
B mn’.eoui stores of life and health,
Bid them freely dispense like thee,
Winning a claim to joy and glee.
To playful childhood haste and yield
The soft, velvet field,
Where chasing shadows as they fleet,
They run and Ebout in chorus sweet.
to the aged yet« nee more,
Thrilling life, as in days of yore,
Let thy breath, on tbe sighing air,
Gently waive the silvery hafr.
Come and expand the swelling bud,
Trinklo within the pebbly flood,
Open the potals to the bee,
Everything is awaiting thee.
l.ovely Spring I thou art welcome now,
Thy soft, warm kiss ia < n my brow,
I nos» with rapture as they pass,
Thy gliding steps upon the glass.
Though thou weirest a gauzy veil,
Like hat which dteks thy sister pale,
We kn w ’tis thou so brightly drest,
With sweet b<quts upon thy breast.
February 26th, 1851. /Eolia.
From the LouisvVte Journal,
THE WITHERED FIGTREE.
BV MU* HABLAN.
it stands upon the broad way-side,
A lonely, bl'ghted fo.m ;
Its leaves were r*.itt: red Grand wide
Upon the rushing storm,
Yet sprea Is its withcrei* boughs toward heaven
As if imploring rain ;
And when the coul.ag drops are given,
They fail on it in vain.
Ttsdrv roots from th* fertile ground
No fre«henlo>' moisture drains ;
No living stream away Lath found
Along its sopleta veins.
No verduo clothes its boughs so bare,
When all things el.<e are green ;
And when the earth widi flower* is lair,
No there is seen.
A thousand (ones arc gushing free,
Freni proves an I fr rests round ;
But from that lonely withered tree
Thrills no melodious sound.
The breeze that rive’s through the groves
And d. Iticvwit'i the flowers,
Breathing a j >y wheie e e it roves,
Finds there no fragrant bowers.
The lightning’s com.* hath never feased
Along toscadte its n rm ;
It perished nut i . the cold blast,
Nor bowed bcr.euth the storm.
Why bath it i.o enchanting bowers 7
Why no rich moisture drain 7
And wherefore do ths coolii g showers
Descend on it in vain 7
Ths Saviour, weary and opprest,
Sought fruit beneath it* shade,
And when he fouud no kind repast
He bade its branches fade.
And still it stands the calm and storm,
Tree to that mandate given,
Bearing upon its blighted form
The withering cur*o of Heaven.
Oh may our souls take living root,
Where life’s pure fountain flows,
That we proJuce a righteous fruit
From never withering boughs.
MISmidMUH S II
TERITUiE AND NEWS.
Atlantic Waves— Their height, length,
ife — Dr. Scoreaby, in two passages acrcss
the Aliando, had excellent upp rtnnktes of
making •bservattons on the magnitude, veloc
ity and phenomena of the waves of the At-
Untie. He found that during a severe gale,
the mean heigh: of waves, including depress
ion as well as altitude, was 30 feet, while some
waves rose about 43 feet above the level of the I
hollow in which the steamship (the Hibernia) I
was at the moment of obiervation. The total <
distance from one ofthese great waves passing i
through the hollow occupied by the Hibernia t
to the crest of the one next adjacent, a. erased (
about 600 foot. i
Other observations proved that the waves ,
traversed a distance ot 71M.J feet in 16. J sec- |
onds of time, which is rather more than 32) |
English statute miles to’he hour.
As to the forms of waves, their inequality,
&c.. Dr. Seoresby says :
“In respect to form, we have perpetual mo
difications and varieties, from the circumstan
ces of thu inequality of operation of the pow
er by which the waves are formed. Were
the wind perfectly uniform in direction and
fores, and of sufficient continuance, we ought
have in wide and deep seas waves of perfectly
regular formation. But no such quality in the
wind wrsr exis’s. It is perpe ually changing
itsdirec’ion within certain limits, and its force
too, both in the same place and in proximate
quarters. Innumerable disturbing influen
ces are therefore in operation, generating the
varieties mors or less observable in natural sea
waves ’
Dr. 8. adds, that w: sn the waves were high
est. it was difficult to trace the sam> identical
ridge for mors than a quarter to a third of a
mile.
Marriaok Extr*oruisart. —A portion es
our citize n were not a little amused by a
matrimonial affair that transpired under their
notice wnhin our corporate limits a few days
ago. A parry of three, a gentleman and two
ladies, were seen riding into town, but sudden
ly hatted el a point in the a reet hot little re
mote from the Public Square The gentle
man left the parly, and in a few moments
might have been seen wending his way back
i again in company of a respected clergyman of
this place Upon arriving altbe spot, the iat
! ter was i:.formed as to the nature of the duties
that were required of hitui where upon, the
ladies dissouoting, one of them was prompt
ly united to the hero of her choice, white the
other stood by as witness to the compact.
Tne parlies remounted forthwith and rode off,
apparently much delighted with the perfor
mance and with each other. There is some
poetry in a maniage iu Nature's forest and by
the silver light of the moot), but in the public
. street arid at midday is something ‘new under
' the sun !” TEoshingtoa Gazelle
The great bet- of St. Paul's, Loudon, weighs
8400—tits great belt of Lincoln. 9,534 pounds.
Great Tom. in Christ’s Church, Oxford, the
.« largest bell io England, weighs 17,000 potsds.
.. The bell m the Palaz Vecchio, at Florence
suspended 275 feet from the ground, weighs
17 000 pounds. The great bell of St. Petei's,
at Rune, weighs 18 600 pounds. The bell at
- Erfuth.2B 200—toe be I at Rouen. 43 000.
But large ss are these bolts they shrink con
i, siderab’y whrr compared with those of Rue
sia. The br’l n the tower of St Ivan, Mos
cow, weighs 1;-' OVO pounds; and the fallen
great bell, which lies-r the foot of the same
tower, weighs 443 *72 pounds ! Its height is
over 91 feet and its diameter at the rim is 22
• feet. The metal in it has been calculated to
bo worth about §3Ou.OUO.
HOE’S MAMMOTH PRINTING PRESS.
nr
IltewLSJ jb!
- ■
- .-'nWrg-aj .y;- Ji - -
~ chost
PRINTS 20,G00 IMPRESSIONS AN HOUR. who
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING.
From the N. Y Farmer A’ JUectantc.
In the year 1435, in a Email, meanly con
structed workshop in S rarburg, might have
been been a humble unassuming German, bu
sily and carefully < ccupied in patiently carving
hundreds of mysterious looking little pieces oi
some metallic sub-tance, which were prepared
and laid aside with all the cure ar.d precaution
that would have been observed in preserving
the most precious treasure. This individual
was John Guttenburg, the invector of move
able types for printing, and it is a remarkable,
and most intc re§;i tMJac’ th —
-7 »i ws,s applied,
< Hcly Bible. This
was accomphshtfd at Mentz. between the years
1450 and 1455. Os the first printed Bible,
eighteen copies are now known to be in exis
tence, four of which are printed on vellum.
Two of these are in Enghnd, one being in the
Grenville collection. One is in the Roys! Li
brary of Paris. Os the fourteen remaining
copies, ten «ro in England—there being a copy
in tho libraries of Oxford, Edinburgh and
London, and seven in the collections of differ
ent noblemen.
This was the first successful attempt, and at
that time considered the most astonishing tri
umph of inventive genius in its application to
the production of printed matter, and the rival
and successor of Guttenburg, John Fust er
Faust, all are aware, was believed to have
formed an affinity with the pr new of darkness,
for the wonderful facility uith which he could
multiply printed copies by his ait.
In 1469, thirty-five years as er this, the tenth
printing press in Europe was established at
Paris, and in 1471, the first press was estab
lished in England. In our own country the
first press whs set up in Cambridge, M is fc acini
setts, in the year 1638, and as late as 1700 there
were but four presses in all the colonies. The
great improvements in printing, therefore,
have mostly been of recent origin, the old
system of hand presses havinj been kept up
until comparatively a recent date. Although
every age has been in some measure pro
gressive, the last ten years has been most re
markably characterized as tbe era of aston
ishing inventions and startling discoveries,
among which, one of the most masterly efforts |
of mechanical skill, and human ingenuity, is
the great printing press, just constructed for
the New York Sun It is 40 feet in length,
having eight printing cylinders, er eight places
where the sheets arc drawn in tube printed
There are likewise eight places where the
sheets are discharged. The types are secured
upon the outer surface of a large dr rm or
cylinder, and as it revolves, the types at each
revo ution gve eight impressions. Theshec:*,
as fast astley are printed, arc caught by con
trivances called ’•flyers,” and laid down even
ly one upon the other. The machine is two
stories in height, the second story being ap
proached by visit rs and workmen by means <
of flights of stairs, at each cad, and plat-forms i
wi:h railings extended around.
— »
T»i« sigiit which this huge mi c rune presents
Audub >n —”he Pnil id.Jphia Evening Bui
letln Ul‘s the following interesting story of
Mr Audubon’s first introduction to the world
as an ornithologist. It Cirrics with i: a lesson
to these wiseacre, generally ibrmiug the
merfta through which such introductions an 1
to be procured, and by whom merit is moi'
frequently suppressed than advanced, until
acknowledged by the r-si of ihu world. T hey
are a kind us Ccrb r=. wuognar all avenue*
to the advancement <f.. un a- d intblfig nee.
until the dour I* opened by a present of the
golden cake, or by the influence of more po •
tent Distlers. Ti i is bin an instance ofhiiti
dreds winch may be adduced to show ths g rod j
wni or intelligence of such competent judges, •
whose oiJy is fluence is to destroy or condemn ;
to temporary transportation, native genius or I
talent.
“Audubon states that he was forty-five years
old before ho w • aware of being more than an i
ordinary nun. lie then fell in at Philadelphia,
with Charles Bonaparte who said to him
‘ Do you know Mr. Audnh n, that yon are a |
very great man I ’ To which ha replied that ,
he did not, and a»ked what he ment 1 ' I con- '
sider you the greatest ornithologist in the
world,’ was lhe answer. Bonaparte ihen took
him in h.a carriage to the Lyceum of Natural ;
ili«tory, and fusmTlly in ro> need him in a mo t
complimentary speech. He was subsequently j
proposed as a member of that body, and re
jected. lie asked Charles B maporte next
day what it meant. He replied, ‘Oh you :
know too much for them—they are r.fraid c>f .
you,and want to break you down You must j
take your drawings tn Europe.
Following this advice, Audubon w-ls receiv i
ed with the greatest kindness, sr.d was enter
taiued by the noble and learned with every at- •
tention. He was Iso made a member of the i
Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh.
He says, when he returned to America, the
Philadelphia Society, which had formerly • efu
sed to admit him as a member, immediately
forwarded him a diploma, with a highly com
plimentary letter. The diflicukies he had to
contend with were very great, and of va
rious kind*; but. to use his own words, *• I
up my mind to meet them.” He told
me that to publish his groat work cost him
one hundred and thirty thousand dollar*, which
he earned as he went along. In England he
was constantly applied to to write short articles
for the periodicals.
Frequently, after painting all day, he weu’d
sit down at nigh, and write a page or two, for
which next day he would receive eight or ten
guineas I once asked him how he acquired
his facility of composition. Ho said he sup
posed it came from keeping a regular journal,
which he had done from the age of seventeen
vears, putting down all the occurrences of tho
day, with whatever observat ons he thought
proper. It was thus he thought a man should
educate himself. Look at tacts and truths tor
yourself, he would say, meditate and reasan
(hence.
Recent Astkonomv.—ln Professor Loo
mis’s work on this subject, the people will
. . . .: I* J
find a great amount of interesting knowledge.
One etetion of this his ory treats of the motion ;
of the sun and fixed stars in the great celes
tial sphere. Though we speak of the sun as
the centre of the planets and comets or the
solar system, analogy would lead to the prob
able motion of the sun and his attendant bod
ies around its common centre. .Astronomers
have, for a considerable time, more than ex
pected this to be tho fact.
The fixed stars retain ' tho same relative po
sition from age to age but so minute and
accurate have the obtervatious become by rea
son ol the improved instruments of astrono- i
mica! research, that a “relative motion in a
larger number” of the stars has been ceitain. t
This motion isle be accounted for to a great i
extent by the real motion of itie centre ol* the
solar system- It has been noticed ihatthestars
in one part of the heavens are slowly ap
preaching each other, while on ths opposite
part, tho stars are recediag I rom each other.
This must result from the real moti >n of the
centre of our system, from the former and to
wards the latter. As early as 1783, Herschel!
computed the point towards which our sun is
now moving, to be in the constellation of
Hercules. O bers have eome to tne same re
sult. The mean of various results place this
point iu right ascension about 256° and in dec
filiation 35°
Later computations render it probable that
the motion ot the sun is in a huge curve,
tn which its ve ociiy may be 17 000 miles an
hour.
So minnio and extensive have been the ob
servations on the fixed stars. that astronomers
have aimed at computed results which tran
cend inconceivably ail the anticipations of for
mer times Newton himself would be amazed
at the present scale of astronomy-
Prof. .Ma rler, of the Dorpal Observatory,
has even calculated the proc able Centre of the
uu verse around which our system is revolving
Thisce Ire •mus'. be found tn the cirennLer
ei.ee of a great c.-de whose pole is teat
point towards which the sun s mov: g ’
Tins is very obv ous on a moiuent s con- .1 r>-
uon, and that point has adv been mention
ed. Tne pole just not.eed ism the vicinity el
me Pleiades, or sevcu a*nrs, a most re ma lia
ble and beautiful chis er ; and MaJler propos
es Alcymo . m that cluster, the most prominent
of the Pleiades as the centre through wts?ch
our suu is revolving, and calls it the centra',
sun of megrest system.
Tnis ia partially corroborated by ttie tact
that the most palpable and greater of the rea
motions of rhe tixed stars, sre found in a
• great circle descried abont the Pleiades as
a pole " the very place where such most oc
cur.
TheastotiswiiiS wonders are now to come_
For Prof. Hadler computes the distance vs
Alcyone to be “thirty four mil'iun? cf times
lhai of the SUU (from the earth,) requiring 537
years lords light te come to us a* tae rate of
■&O.MO miles a second, or -twelve miluoos of
mi.es per minute. ’ It thia be so “the period
ic ume of liie sun. (and of our syetetn) about
i Alcyone.w es'.ima.ed at e.gnteen millions of
> sesus
> ' For enlargement of human conceptions, this
> is magnificent enough. Should it not ail
prove to be an approximation to the truth, me
iJi «»j>traiun, o uijes proper u«.-tc» ipuuij
Tiro sheets flying in and out with lig.inini
rapidity, the buzz of wheels, the clink c
fj. springs, the lumping of arm*, and the move
e ment of hundreds ot'other parts, give it tb<
1 . .appearance of instinctive life. In case of ac
g cident, it is but the work of a mitiuie to *e<
the machine in motion, printing with but one
j or more cylinders. In front of the machine
ij there is a counting apparatus, affixed, so ar
g ranged a.sto register, in plain figures before
j the eye, every impression taken, adding up the
j. same as fast as printed. The number of
i, sheets printed, from one copy tn J
o*! instantly W(|l J at any
l t I U«w*/ifay or night, by looking at the register.
s In the construction of this press, there are
8 employed no less than six thousand bolls and
screw?, one thousand two hundred wheels, two
hundred and two wooden rollers, four hun
dred pullies, four hundred tape guides, besides
, an amazing amount of cogged wheels, arms,
. braces, and other connections There are
r I also required to give motion to the various
, parts of the machine no less than five hundred
I yards of belting. The number of men em
ployed in working this machine is as follows:
ore foreman, three assistant foremen, eight
t feeders, two boys, two engineers—in all six
teen persons. By the aid ot these individuals,
the inventor says, Hie machine performs in
one hour an amount of labor, to accomplish
which, by the old mode, would have required
the employment of six thousand men.
Such is this wonderful machine, alike won
derlul in its operations, and in its effects cal
culated to exert an almost superhuman influ
ence over the mind, for which we are indebted
to our ingenious and estimable fellow citizen,
Richard M. Hoc, Esq., to whom more than
perhaps any other individual, the world is in
debted for the facilities of speedy interchange
of thought and the transmission of knowledge
through tbe press. With the venerab'e sage
who taught us to control in its destructive
course, the lightning at our will, —the distin
guished ariist, by whose discoveries we are
pn ibled to employ the sunbeam as a pencil of
ligb’, and the cloud at a shadow, —or those
whose late dheoveriea have cnnahled us to
compel at our bidding the fierce electric mes
senger, with speed of Lght to do our will, —
I we honor the inventor of this mighty engine,
I capable r fimpres«ing with “breathing thought,”
' 2d,OUU sheets of mammoth dimensions per
hour. And as the last gift of the genius of
me inventor to the public, we had this most
noble and beautiful production of modern art,
capable of complete y revolutionising the
world.
Improvements like thij have accomplished
far more than was even claimed for all the
fabled genii of eastern legends, and the world
with *uch productions for intelligence and
skill can never again retrogade into darkness
and error. The first printed edition of the
bible cost five years of nnremitting toil in
I the printing alone, now, one minute is sufficient
to furnish acutnplete copy of the Sacred Word.
Such are the improvement* of thu Nineteenth
• . *
Century !
world will see in it the heavings and aspirations
of the a%:ronoin:cal spirit. The revolution of
(he plane s round (he stin. c.-.paci.i’ly of i\ep
tuno at t! u distance of 3009 millions of miles
in 161 years, involves a stretch of thought that
makes (he brain whirl; butthatthe sun car
ries with him all the planets and c«me.u urotind
anothnr centre at a dmtance ami time utterly in
conceivable, who cun stand that !
Cotton Spindles In Great Britain.
Manchester. Jin. 31. 1951.—0ur trade re-
I port of the Ist uit. contained a table of the ex
poriitof textile tabnes in the past year com-
' pared wit and wo have how tho plea
| ware of adding s -me further statistics which.
I boar upon the cott .n trad.?.
■ Thojuj of our(>i'»n<ta wbo hive received onr
trade report for some, years nW, are perhaps
aware that wo hare—in the absence of nl| re
! cert statistical records on the t«ubj* ct—endea
; vored to arrive at the extent ofthe cotton man
ufacturing power of thia country by cbllec'ing i
; the number of s- indies direct from the trade. [
|We publish the result vs these returns at dis- '
; fert nt limos, end in our trade report of the Lt
jof April, IM6, we estimated the number of '
spindles in Great Britain nt 17,500 0(P) for '
1845 We have great pleasure in being able
I to give to day, the first Government return on
i this important subject, and (o add, that our |
; estimate for 1845 ha< been fully bornv out by J
j the funner. The number of sp ndies, sine.*
’ added, being quite accounted for by the yearly I
l increase which has taku:i place in the ruauu- I
; factoring power up th the present time.
The rapid increase in spinning will be ap- !
' parent from the following:
In 1929 tho number of mule spindles used in the
Colton m inufaeture of England
was estimated by our i’riotd Mr.
John Kenne ly, at---- 7,000,000
11 1832, according to Mr. Bains nod
others. 9,000,000
“ 1H45, our estimate 17,500,000
“ 1850, according to a Government re-
turn just published 20,977,017
The following table shows at a glance, the I
i quantity of cotton taken by the trade annually i
for the last twenty years; we hava reduced '
(ho deliveries into trade annually for the last,
twenty years; we have reduced the deliveries 1
into yarn at the present average weekly pro- i
duction per spindle, and hive taken No- 4O’» .
mule yarn (a much higher .\o. than the pre
sent average prod jetion) as our standard of
calculation, in otder to show that tho present
| spinning power is fully adequate, to reduce
tho largest annual supply of cotton we have as ,
yet received, into fine numbers of yarns, if re- j
: qaired:—
fable showing the Annual Deliveries of Colton of |
The Trade of Great Britain, and the number to :
Spindle* required to render such quantities into
No. 40’s Mule Twist.
Deliveries. Spindles.
1 Years. 1 ba. of Cotton. required. !
I 1531262 709,000 8,0’3 075
I lgi2 276 900,0608.5k0,u00
1933 2?7,000,000 8,8 J 0,769
’ 1834303,400(00 9,335 384!
1835318,100 000 9 787.69-2 !
1 18J6 347.400,660 10,fib9 230 I
1837365,700 Out)11 252,307 I
1839416,700.00012,821,537
, 1839381,700,00012,744.hi4 I
i 1940453&00 00014,130.000 I
IBlt 438,100.109 13.4-0 OW)
1842433,100.000 13 387.69-’
I 18435 7,K’000015,932.307 i
i l-4»544,000,(4)016,738.460
I 1845606 600 00018.664.614 |
1846614 300,00918,901.537
1847441 409 00013,561.53?
1849576.600.U0 J 17.741,537
, 1-41 629 9W,00019.38i.5i7
f 1850584,200 0.017,'.<75,384 (
Uu I'oy 4’ Co'a Circular, j
Fine Arms.—Au official communication ‘
from the s?ecret-iry of War, laid before the
Senate on Tuesday, exnibiw the number of
nftes and pistols belonging to the
; Uuiied Slates armories, arsenals, and ordnance
depots, together with an estimate of the num
I bbt which the material now ou hand would
complete. The statement shows th) whole
number as follow# :
W hold number of tuuskeU lit for service es every
•
’ No über unserviceable
. Whole Mtabercf rifles of every kind6l,B9!
Number of unserviceable9,l66
I Whole number of pistols of every Jeecrip-
, tijQ 25.371
Number unserviceablel,9ls
The estimate is that the materials on hand
w :' -serve to complete 26 300 muskets and 4 -
! 200 rdics.
i I
A Rkmarkailk Iscidbxt.—The Warren
ton (Va ) Whig mvs that in the upper part
1 of that county, several days since, a wife
gave birth to two children—making six in
• lose ih :n three years. She his been married
hut seven years, and has ten children—live
of wh.ch cannot wnk.
• [ -
» Printing Prkss.—Mr. Georre Brttce. of
New York offers a pre mum of 000 to (he
first inventor who shail construct and submit
I a press which will throw of 500
large i mperial s-her s hour, aud can be
• • ■■ t _ _ .
built and sold for SSOO
Bed Bug?.—There is a long article in the
Va’iivy Farmer, by which it is Established ba
voad quasai a ibit sweet oil occasionally rub
bed over bedsteads, chairboards. &e, will
etVectuihy prevent the appearance of bed
b is? We ibruk it unnecessary t » publish
the evidiuce of the efficiency of this cheap and
agreeable preventive o.' the nu;.«itfjce in ques
tion. Toe reader will take our word ; (hat is
conclusive.
Census es Setui Carolina.— In onr colainns
this tneriuug. will be found an official state
ment of d»e Censes of this Sla e. furnished by
< Col. Coady. tae U S. District Marshal It
will be seen mat the population of Charleston
has increased four thousand two hundred and
thirty two. since ’h? Census of I*4o. Tae in
crease of population of the State far the last
- tea years, compared with mat of the prevou
i ten vears shows an increase of over 46.000.
, . CMariMtn Cnntr.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 12. 1851.
chose to turn bis jekes against the old man,
who was waiting while h’* neighbor, Michiei,
was preparing something for his old Mary,
u. After many silly observations upon bi* long
>g white beard, he offered a wager of twelve
of louis d’or. that none of the ladies wou'd kiss
e- the old fellow. Tho lUwsian Prince’s hearing
ie these words, made a sign t« her attendant
c- who brought her a salver. The Princess put
2t twelve louis d’or on it, and had it carried to
e the Marquis, who, of coarse, could not de
e cline to add twelve others Then the fair
r Russian went up to the old peasant and said,
e “Permit me, venerable fitbor, to salute you
e after the fashion of my c nntry.” Saying tbit,
‘f bhe embraced him, au * Im«b » k;as. Sb* i •
J friren presented him with the gold which was
f on the salver, with the words; “Take this as
a remembrance of me, and as a proof that the
e Russian girls think it their duty to honor old
J age.— SlaUFs Little Princeu.
j j
-i Naw Orleans and New York Steamships
s ' —The new ocean steamers “Union” and
i, i “Winfield Scott,” intended to form a regular
3 line between New York and New Orleans,
* I ate nearly ready for sea. The former is 1500
1 tons burthen—she m?.de a trial trip on Satur
. I day, which is represented os having been very
: sati-factory. The W. S. is now receiving* I
t her machinery. Her dimensions are. 230 feet
- on?, on deck. 35 feet beam, 22 feet hold, and
f 2,150 tons, carpenter’s measurement. Thu
i ate. r state rooms aro fitted with a patent pen
i datum berth, which atsea always remains in a
| horizontal position, but can, at the option of 1
the occupier, be detached from the pendulum
and allowed to move with the ship This is
. said to be the greatest improvement yet intro
duced in o a steamer or sailing vessel. 1—
The Slave Trade.—We regret to see that I
j this ahominab e trafic is still actively carried i
ion between the Coast of Africa and Cuba. A t
recent arrival from Cvrdenas reports that a
cargo 0f420 African slaves was landed a short <
lime since from a schooner a few miles from
that port, and a correspondent of the N. Y. »
Express, writing from Mayaguez, P. R.» under j
date of the 21st ult states that a brig from the I
coast of Africa, with 212 miserable beings, ]
huddled together like so many swine in her
hoM, touched there on the 7ih, and the same
evening sailed fcr the north coast of Cuba, f
where she no doubt discharged her cargo.— j
Baltimore American
A prospectus nag been issued in Germany, ’
. for the establishment of a line of steamers be i
tween Rotterdam and the United Slates. The
proposed capital is fixed of 1.200,000 guilders, 1
divided into 120 shares. The Company is
stvledfie - R erdam American Steam Navi- t
gaiiun Company.”
— (
During the month of February nearly ten t
thousand immigrants arrived at the port of 1
New York, much the largest portion of whom
were from Ireland. (
Cheap Postage Bill.—The Cheap Post- 1
age bill has become a law. Except in regard
to t e hr e coin ,g 5, it dues not go into
operatio i until the Ist July next. It reduces ‘
the average rate of postage b -th upon letters
and newspapers, nearly one half. Toe follow
ing ache-Hl* vhnws the ra’e ■ou newspapers |
under tho new aw, compared with the old.
NKWSPAPiiaB PB« QU A RTE tl.
j-eini- Hi- mure than
Mile*. weekly, weekly, weekly. Tri-wekly. i
Under6o(new bu1)...5 ci». 10 15 25 t
Present ratel2 24 bti 49 «
Over 50 —under JOO. .10 20 30 50
Present ralel3 36 51 10S I
Over 300, under 1000.15 35 45 75 t
Present ratelS 3»5 54 109
Over 1000, under 2000.20 40 60 100
Present ralelß 36 54 HIS I
Over 2000, under 4000.25 IX) 75 125 e
Present ra1e.......18 36 51 108 .
Over 400030 60 90 250
Present ratelß 36 54 K 6
All weekly papers free within tho county 1
whero they are published. Papers of loss than ’
li ounce, halt these rates, and pnpers not over j
300 «quare inches, o.nefou&h
The rates on monthly and eenri-monihly {
newspapers the same, in proportion (o the
number of Rhee's issued, a* on weekly papers.
The new rale on letters not exceeding half
an ounce, is three cents prepaid, or five cents «
■ if not prepaid, for all distances unler three
; thousand miles. Over three thousand miies, t
double those rates. 1
; The sections authorising the coinage of a <
' three cent piece, is retained. I
The Southekn Pkes< ’ —Speaking of this <
i journal, the Baiiiraoro Clipper says: *
“In short, we look upon the Southern ,
Press as a fire brant! thrown into (he South to (
: devastate her fair treltfa. and tu kinnio strife j
j and bloodshed.” We beg the Clipper not to ,
ibe the least uneasy as to the effect of the (
i course of the Southern Press upon the vvel «
| fare and happiness of (he South. It is true j
I that the Southern Press ha I its origin in the
; desire* of certain incendiaries who w.shed to ,
■ kindle the 11 ame of civil commolion but, as
unfortunately for them as luckily for the conn ,
try, the editor whom they placed in charge of
it has only succeeded in making mimself ano
, bis cause supremely ridiculous If we have '
I a paper among our exchanges which more 1
than any other abounds with bold assertions
and lame and impotent conclusions, it is this 1
I Southern Press. So far freni kindling the 1
flame ot civil war, there is not fire enough in 1
j the Southern Press to light a cigar.”
United States Mint.—The Pniladelphia
American of Tuesday says: The total coin
age during (be month of February al the i
Philadelphia Mint, was $5,115,353. against
$2 705,193.40 in January,showing an increase
of $2,410,164.60, or near 90 percent. Bv
the middle es the present month it isconfi
; den ly expected that all deposited, upon tho
! ascertainment of their value, will be paid
promptly, even should they reach to six or
seven millions a month.
Cotton,—Our Telegraphic dispatch shows
another tumble of prices in the Liverpool
market. A panic has struck cotton, and ‘no
mistake.’ That it is a panic and nothing els*,
we fully believe. Tne werld at peace, money
and credit easy, manufacturing prosperous,
and the raw mantorial *c«rce, there is not a
solitary sound reason says the Columbus
Times, for the decline of 3 or 4 cents within
‘ the past six weeks No one we believe, ex
: eept Mr. Gwathruey estimates the cr >p over
' 2,200 090 bales, lie sticks to his extravagaa
' figures. And be he a (rueor false prophet, he
haw the ruin of hundreds of families to an
swer for. When the world gets over its fright,
when the English have dipped pretty deeply
j into the maiket, and reason and facts resume
! '.her legitimate sway over the minds of men.
prices wid halt in their downward tendency
>.nd reac'. They may go still lower before
this happens; for when confidence is lost (here
is no telling to what fizure it will drop. But
| the pendulum must swing hack with the same
j force and momentum with which it swings
i forward. Meantime, planters who are not
’ obhged to sell, had better no; increase the pan
ic by forcing their crops on the market.
The Cotto* Crop.—The New Orleans
flee of the let iasi., in its report of the market,
makes the following remarks: *’
‘•Many hollers have, however, withdrawn
i their stocks altogether, feeling confident that at
' a later period, prices will materially recover
! from (heir present position.
“Thus far, tha long crop men have gained a
decided victory, achieved to be sure at the
-acrifi ie of truth and veracity, bat when did a
Cotton operator ever take’such trifles into
jODsideratioD. The mischief has been acconj
plished, ano will be remedied joet in time to
iind-hat we have parted with <he bulk of the
crop to our Transada die Brethren at remu
nerating prices—to themselves.**
Mortality ov Shipboard.—Since Satur
day iheship Shannon, from Liverpool, has ar
rived, With 350 »:etrage passengers. Forty
diedontho voyage, nearly thiry were
sent to ’he quarantine hospi-al. Tnis is a
iaree proportion.
Ibe Princeton, from Liverpool, arrived
with 441 passengers; the Guy Man- enng.
C with 771 ; and (he haac Wright with 460.
Tnese ships, although carrying -uch a large
number of passengers, had bat utile sickness
• during their voyages. The America arrived
th:s morning with 493, and reports to n deaths
on the passage. The Isaac VV riga. htxJ not a
MDiiecase of sickness. Captain Furber de
serves praise for his striciuess and guod ajaa*
5 agement. Each morning the steerage was
tteorvuguiy cleansed, and not a drop ot water
was given out until the mate reported that
i every thing was in good order. N. 1. Com*
1 Adrertk>er.
)
Judicial Npaachmest. — in? lion. V. E.
Howard, of Texas, has presented to the House
$ of Representatives a petition from Wm. Alex
ander, a citizen and member of the bar of the
State of Texas, charging the Hon. John C.
8 Watrous, District Judge of the United States
• for the said State, with various cffences and
k misdemeanors, and asking Congress to insti
-1 ! ute an invesdsatioii, and prosecu'.e the said
» Watrous by im esch-nent. The charges pre
-1 ferred against Judje ’’ atroux are, that he his.
I contrary to law, been ensaeed >n tr.e sa e. por-
II chase aud transfer of frauduient land ctr dt •
l ’ cates to a large amount; that he has. since his
“ appointment, engaged in the practice or law.
‘ dtC.
Honor old Aoe.~ The old man am
the Princess — There were once as
sembled, in Doctor Michael Schup
pack’s laboratory, a greamany distin
guished persons, some to conauli
h’m, u’ld pome out o f curiosity:
among them were many French
ladies and gentleman, a Russian
prince, with his daughter, whoso sin
gular I ‘ inly attracted genoral at
tention. A young French Marquis
ath’tnp-ed for the amusement of the
ladies, to display hi s w j[ on the mi
roculeu.B doctor; but the latter,
though not acquaintedwiih the French
hiugb ige, answer cd so cleverly that
the Marquis had not the lau.'.’h on
his hide- D »ring the converxa ion,
there entered Hiiold | easitu. rnnanly
dressed, wi h a snow-white beard,
a neighbor of Schuppuch*ti. The
doctor directly turned away from his
great company, to his old neighbor,
and hearing thu bis wde was •!!, set
about preparing the medicine for
her, wiihuut paying much attention
te b’s more exalted guests, whose
business he did not think so pressing.
Tho Marquis was now deprived
of one sutj••clofhis wit, and therefore
CONGRESS.
J- =7: ———. r—- - -
'it PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS
Corretpandctice vs Ike Haltimurc American.
I,
n IN SENATE March 1.
•- Mr. Peasce wove > and after debate, tho
■- bill abolishing what is known tie constructive
!s mileage, was taken up and after some remarks
0 by Messrs. Pearce and Clay in its favor, itwas
'■ passed.
> Mr. Badger then moved that the bill making
11 the approiia'ions for rivers and harbors be
I taken up and all other business be postponed
II Mr. Hunter earnest'y hoped the civil and
'> diplomatic bill would be taken up and finish-
> ed.
> The motion was debated for some time,
! when Mr. Turney moved the motion to take
’ up the bill, be laid on the table. Lost, yeas
> j 23 ; nays 30.
f j Tho debata was than continued, and finally
r ! the bill was taken up—yoas 31, nays 25.
1 ! Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts explained the
> I bill
Mr Clemens moved an amendment.
A long debate ensued, not upon the amend
ment bur on iha hill.
mem nut on ma onl.
At 4 o’clock the Sena e took a recess til! 6
Evening Session.— At six o’clock the Senate
re-assetobh’d.
The Chair, by consent, laid several execu
tive communications before th® Senate.
Mr. Foote obtained leave to present a reso
lution calling f»r the correspondence between
the United States and Turkey, relative to
Kossuth and his companions. Laid over.
The Army Bill was referred.
The joint resolution for the relief of Thos.
Ritchie was read a first time, and Mr. Turney
objected to the second reading. Laid over.
The resolution making land warrants
i ap/gnabhi was about io be put on its passage,
-when Mr. Walker objected.
Mr. Clemens moved to lay the river and har
bor bill on the table. Lost —18 yeas, 30 nays.
The river and harbor bill was then resumed,
and the debate continued, interrupted occa
sionally bv points of order, &c , till eight o’-
clock, when Mr. Clemens’ amendment was
adopted.
Mr. Hamlin then moved to strike out the
appropriation of $50,000 each for the Illinois
and Tennessee rivers. Tne debate was resum
ed till nine o’clock, when Mr. Downs moved
the bill be laid on the table. Lost—23 yeas, 34
t uays.
The debate was continued till eleven o’clock,
when the amendment was rejected. After
further debate other amendmauts were reject
ed. Another motion to lay the bill on the table
was rejected, and motions to adjourn, made
at br>ef intervals, w.*re also rejected, the nega
live vote averaging3o.
Mr. Mangum, at half-past eleven, moved to
lay the bill on the table for a few minutes, to
enable him to lay a resolution on the table sus
pending the rule which prevents a bill from
being read twice in one day. The motion was
agreed to; th * resolution laid on the tab'e.
and then he moved to fthe up the bill again.
After debate, the bill was again taken up. Sev
eral motions to adjourn wero made and lost.
At twelve o’clock, Mr. Cass >aid the Sab
bath had arrived, and he moved the Senate ad
journ ; and then, amidst much confusion, the
Senate adjourned till Monday at 11 o’clock
yeas 29, nays 25.
HOUSE.
Evening Session Friday, Feb. 28 —The
roil having been called, as usual, and one
hundred and forty members answering to their
names, the bill was called up appropriating ten
millions of acres of land to be act apart for
the benefit of ’he insane.
It was then moved to lay the bill on the
table, which was negatived—yeas 63, nays 100.
The yeas and nays w ire then ordered, and
resulted in a vote of yea* 84, nays 91
A motion was then ma.de that tho House re
solve itself into a committee of the whole, tor
the purpose of raking up the private calendar
Yeas 62, nays 109.
The Home resolved itself into a committee
of the whole on >he stale of the Uoion, and
took up the navy bill.
Mr. Meade, of Virginia, entered at length
into a consideration of the question of steam
ers to te employed in carrying mails in time
of peace, and to be converted into vessels of
war. shout i hostilities arise between tho Uni
ted Statesand t* foreign notion; to which plan
he gives a cord’nl support. He then investi
gated the scheme proposed by Mr. Thompson,
to bail 1 steamers by means of stock issued by
government, of which he highly approved ;
and gave it as his opinion, that the plan con
templated would bj more advantageous to the
government than that which has been adapted
with refercnceio the lines already in existence
Saturday. March 1 —After my telegraphic re 1
port was eent otf last evening, Mr. Julian again
submitted his resolution, relative io the charges
made against the Secretary of State, and call
ing for a committee of inqii y ; he moved that
the rule* be suspended in order that the senpo
of the House might be taken; and called for
the ayes and nays. It being then 10 o’clock. :
further action wua .jmsp'Aßde
ing, when the ayes and nays wWd taken, and
but3s voted for the proposed Inquiry and 119
against it.
The Hou«e then resolved itself into a com
tn’ttee of the whole on the State of the Union. •
Mr. Vcrahle, of North Csroliua, alluded to
the depressed financial condition of the country
with a public debt of eighty million*, and the
circumstance of being compelled to resort to a
loan to meet the interest of that debt; and con
tended that tho profligate expenditures which
Congres? is sanctioning, will entail a debt upon
the people of this country which will call down
upon the present public men of the nation
universal execration. Ho then went into the
history of the encouragement of mail-steamers
as such, an i it being decided that Congress
could n t establish mail lines beyond the terri
tory of tha United States, the cry was raised
in favor of building our steamers to boused
as such in cases of hostili'.y ; and concluded by
..U ... j , . .... , ,
cutnmenling on tun absurdity of calling vessels
war-tenners, which do notcarryagun and
may never be required to act &8 such.
Mr. McMullin, of Virginia, expressed his
dissent from the views that were entertained
by his colleague Mr. Meade.
The hour having arrived at which the de
bate must close under the rule of the House,
an amendment was moved to strike out tho
first appropriation, and was lost-
The committee then proceeded with other
appropriations, miking lit'le alterations
Among he chu a es was one granting to Prof.
Erpv, $lO 000 for his ventilator, which was
strack out.
There were a number of other amendments
proposed which the chairman declared could 1
not be put, as they had not the sanction of
law.
The hour for taking a recess having arrived,
tho committee adjourned till six o'clock.
Evening Smion — The committee resumed
the consideration of the Navy bill, at 6 o’clock,
after which a discussion commenced on the
appropriation tor a dry dock at tian Francis
co, which lasted till Bs. when Mr Bajly mov
ed t? e committee rice, for the purpose of ob- 1
mining a suspense a of the five minutes’ rale
which was adopted, and the committee pro
ceeded wi:h the bill.
Various amendments were proposed, and
finally a vote was carried to appropriate $150,-
000 (or the building of a floating dock at tian
Francit-co.instend of the dry dock as original
ly intended.
The application for additional aid to the
Collins I Fie, embodied iu an amendment to
that ♦•ffset, was ruled out of order by the
Chairman, as was the amendment providing
for the establishment of the Ebony line.
The committee having got through with the
bill the Chairman reported it to the House,
and it was agreed to, as amended.
A motion failed that was here made by Mr.
Bayly, to go in o committee of the whole on
the aiato of the Union.
Mr. Putter, from the Post Office committee,
then made a report on the ainandraenis pro
posed by the Senate, and recommended that
they be agreed to as mod fied, and which it
was understood would be acceptable to the
Senate.
The amendments having been read, Mr.
Pot er explained very fully the opera’ion of
the amendments, which make the postage on
newspapers published monthly and semi
weekly one-fourth and one half of that on
weekly papers ; and regulate the postage on
new?papers and periodicals according to dis
tance, commencing on the latter at one cent
per ounce □ rider 500 miles, and hung the
rates on lefers at three cents when prepaid,
and five cents when not prepaid.
The amended bill in fact became the Sen
ate's and as such Mr Joi.es, of Tennessee,
called f*r the reading of the entire document,
although it was nearly 12 o’clock 1 can scarce
ly be irve the object was tv defeat the measure
ofch-np post but fit were, a diametrically
opposite result was produced by the delay, and
the bill ukimately passed almost unanimously,
and as it w«ra oy acclamation.
It was then moved to adjourn; tellers were
appointed, and, a: haif-pnst twelve at night, the
Hoose having encroached upon Sunday, an
adjournment was carried amid much confa
sion ; the first Sabbat! of March having been
ushered in as that in nth is represented as oc
curring in the n atural world— • like a lion ”
the roar of which mignt well be compared
to the uproar in the House.
IN SENATE March 3.
Mr. Bright moved to fake up Mr. Mmgnm’s
resolution suspending the rule which forbids a
bill being read twice on one day.
Mi. Clay moved to lay the motion ontho ta
ble, which was agreed iu—jets 28, nays 18.
Mr. Clay moved to lake up the river and
harbor bill. He appeiled to the minority not
to defeat another bills by delaying this; there
was a ciear majority in favor of passing this
bill.
.Mr. Hunter replied, urging the priority of
the appropriation bihs He justified the oppo
nents of the hili in resisting it.
Mr. Foote opoosedhasty legislation, and said
the responsibility of defeating the appropria
tion bills would res’, on the head of the admin-
I istration
After further oebate, the bill was taken up
, —yeas3o, nays 24.
Amendments for the 'tr. provement of the Il
linois, T n'essee and Pensacola river., were
? i moved, debated and rejected.
I Various other amendments were proposed
| and rejected.
Mr. Hunter, at two o'clock, moved to lay the
bill ou the cable. Lost. Yeas 23, nays 30.
Mr Foote said that if no positive assurance
was given that the President would convene
the Seriate for executive business, he would
move to postpone this bill. The motion was
rejected—yeas 23. nays 32.
Mr. Bradbury moved an amendment restrict
, ing the expenditures of these appropriations
, till there was a surplus in tho -reasury. Deba
i ted and rejected
Mr. Cass renewed the amendment with a
modification that the money hereby appropri
ated shall only be taken from such sum us may
remain in the treasury, after deducting there
from money already, or which may be, appro
priated to pay the expenses ol tho govern
ment.
A long debate ensued, in which Messrs.
Ewing and Css, had some sparring, and then
dm amendment was rejected—yeas 29, nays
Mr. Foote then moved the Trill be postponed
till 6 o'clock. Lost—yea, 23. nays 32.
Mr. Butler moved the Senate take a recess
till 6 o’clock.
The chair decided the motion to be out of i
order write the bill was pending.
Mr. Butler appealed; and the decision of I
the chair was sustained.
j Mr. Yulee offered an amendment providing
0 that the appropriations made by the bill should
not bo carried into execution till the public
debt was paid. Lost —ayes 19. noea 31.
1 Mr. Foote renewed the amendment in a mo
dified form. Lost. Adjourned.
' HOUSE.
Mr. Bayley mo zed that the rules of the
Houso be suspended to enable the committee
of ways and means and other committees to
report at any time during the remainder of
the session. Hethen moved that the House
' resolve itself into a committee of the whole on
the state of the Union.
’ The House having resolved itself into com
mittee, the Post office appropriation bill was
taken up, and all debate being precluded by a
vote of the House, the amendments of the
Senate were disposed es agreeably te the re
commendations of the committee of ways and
meaus.
The committee then rose and the bill was re
ported and parsed.
The house again went into committee on the
state of the Union, when the light house bill
came up for consideration, during which Mr.
Evans, of Maryland, spoke at length on the
subject, condemning as we understood him,
the present system. It would be impossible,
however, to give even a brief summary of his
views, owing to the noise in the hall, over
which his piercing voice could only occasion*
ally be heard.
Mr. Stanley, of North Carolina moved
that tho committee rise, in order that a reso
lution might be passed preventing further da
bate.
The committee rose, a vote to that effect
was passed, and the bill, as amended, having
been agreed to, the House resumed, and it was
finally passed.
The Resolutions were read, requiring the
Secretary of War to make Reports to the next
Congress relative to the state of tho fortifica
t’ons generally.
The bill providing compensation to mem
bers of beth Houses of Congress was then
taken up, and the amendments proposed
by the Senate were agreed to.
An act to limit the liabilities of ship-owners
was then reported. Mr. McLane briefly ex
plained the object of the Bill. A moition was
made to lay it upon the table, which was neg
atived after the yeas and nays were taken, and
ihe Bill was eventnallypassed.
An act relative to lands in California was
then read and passed, after an ineffectual at
tempt to obtain the yeas and nays.
The joint resolution authorising the Presi
den of the United States to place a ship of
war at the disposal at Kossuth and other Hun
garian insurgents was taken up, and a motion
was made to suspend the rules that the eened
of the House might be t iken on its passage.
Tho ayes and nays were ordered and the result
was 127, affirmative, 42 negative.
The previous question being carried, the
main question was put.
A motion was made and negatived to lay tho
joint resolution on the table, and it was finally
passed.
It was then moved to suspend the rules, for
the purpose of taking into consideration a
bill, having for its object the appropriation of
certain public lands for the maintenance of in
digent insane persons.
Upon the motion to suspend the rules, the
yes and nays were taken. JOB —68. There
not being two-thirds of the House voting in
the affirmative, the motion was negatived.
It was then moved to suspend tho rules, to
enable the ilotise to lake into consideration
the joint resolution creating the office of Lieu
teu.ini-Gefleral. Upon which the ayes and
nays were demanded; and the result was 112
voting iii the affirmative, and 75 in the nega
tive.
A great deal of confusion was caused before
the House adjourned, some of the members
voting under tho impression that the joint re
’ solution did not contemplate.a. brevet rank;
nut having paid attention when it was real.
There not being two thirds in favor of en»>
pending the rules, the motion was negatived
and the House adjourned,, mtber after its usual
time, to meet for the last time at six o’clock.
IN SENATE March!.
After closing my letter of yesterday, the de
bate on proposed amendin' uts to the river and
harbor bill was prolonged till four o’clock this
morning. At twelve, various questions of
privilege were raised us io the hour when tho
session constitutionally expired. After debate
the Senate adopted a resolution declaring the
Fession did not terminate till 12 o’clock to
day.
At four o’c’ock the River and Harbor Bi'l
was postponed till 8 o’clock this morning. The
Civil and Diplomatic, tho Army and Appropri
ation Bills were taken up in rapid succession,
and were all passed and received the signature
of tho President before twelve to day. The
1 ” - - - - —J ~
joint resolution making land warrants assigna
ble passed tho Senate with amendments The
joint resolution for the relief of .Mr. Ritchie
was called up, but was laid on the table for
want of time. The light house bill was pass
ed.
The usual resolution of thanks to the Presi
dent, pro tern., of the Senate, was offered and
adopted, and he returned thanks in a most feel
ing manner.
He then pronounced the Senate adjourned
sine, die.
As era short interval, the Senate ra assem
bled, Messrs Cass, Bright, Bayard, Rusk.
Dodge, of Wisconsin, Mason, Pratt and Jeff.
Davis —Senators elect—appeared and were
qualified.
The usual resoultions,fixing the hour ofmevt
ing, for appointment of committees, and to in
form the President that a quorum was present
were adopted.
The Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE.
Very little busines of public interest was
transacted last night in the House, which
remained in session till half past seven o’clock
this morning, when it took a recess till nine
During tile evening and Bight, quite a
number of bills of minor importance was got
rid of by a refusal to suspend the rules. The
ayes and nays were repeatedly taken, and the
roll was called two or three times, the absent
members being subsequently hunted up by the
Sergeant-at-arms.
The following is a brief summary of other
proceedings :
Ihe House refused to suspend the rules, to
allow two bills ‘com the Senate to be consider
ed, making grants of land to certain Railroad
Companies.
Pay was voted to those members who were
absent during the early part of the session.
A bill from the Seriate was passed, for
founding an asylum for the relief of disabled
and indigent soldiers.
The House refused to suspend the rules to
take up the Senate’s Bill, known as the French
Spoliation Bill—ayes 104, nays 75.
Thanks were unanimously voted to the Hon.
Howell Cobb for his impartial conduct and
dignified demeanor while presiding as Speak
er of the House cf Representatives.
Ex'ra compensation wasvoted to clerks and
others employed by the House
A personal explanation was made by Mr.
Otis, of Maine, relative to the charge brought
against Mr. Webster, with which his name was
connected The statement was a written one
and was read by the elerk, but did not enter
into the merits of the char e, having reference ! l
to a conversation with Mr. Greely, Collec
tor of Bos on.
A message was received from the Senate,
intorming the House of the agreement of that
body to the Cheap Postage Bill, as amended
by the House.
Toe last hour of the 3d of March (12 o'clock)
having arrived a motion was cr.sde by Mr.
Stephens, of Georgia, that the House adjourn
sins dis.
Mr Thompson, of Miss., rose to a question
of order, and contended that the House stand
adjourned at that hour under authority of law.
The Speaker having overruled the point of
order and the question being taken upon Mr.
Stephens’s motion to adjourn by aves and
nays, 21 voted in the affirmative and 167 in the
negative
A motion was afterwards made to take a re
cess for seven hours, which was negatived—
ayes 43, nays 113. Eventually a morion pre
vailed io take a recess from half past seven till
nine o’clock, which accordingly took place.
Conclusion of tic Session. — Tue House hav
ing assembled at nine o’clock, proceeded to
business chiefly of a private aud routine nature.
An unsuccessful effort was made to bring
up the joint resolutions establishing the rank
of Lieut General intne Array; but rhe House
refused to suspend me rules. The vote was
83 to 53.
Mr. Bayly, Chairman of the Committee of
Ways and Means, reported in favor of the
amendments proposed by the Senate to the
Civd and Diplomatic Bill, which he staled as
having for ihe most part been rendered im
perative r y bills that had been pasted by Con
gress subsequent to its passage through the
House.
The reading of the amendments was called
for, but this was overruled tiy toe House; and
a motion failed for the yeas and nays.
.Mr. McLane, of Maryland, moved to bus
pend the rules, to suable him to i-troduce a.
I bill, giving the assent of Congress to the enact
ment of laws by the several States, laying
VOL.LXV—NEW SERIES VOL.XV-NO- lb
tonnage duties in the ports of said States ft-.i
he improvement of their harbors and rivers.
This measure was rendered necessary, by
tho failure of the Senate so to amend tno Har
horand River Bill as to secure a majority
there. All the Democrat" with ene or two
exceplions, rallied to Mr. McLane’s support,
and several of tho most liberal Whigs. The
vote on suspending the rules was 91 ayes and
90 nays; consequently there was not a majori
ty of two-thirds, which was indispensable to
tike up the bill out of order. Ths Demo
crats will now rally in united force to support
this system,
Mr. Baker, of New York, moved for a sus
pension of tho rules, to enable him to submit a
Bill, authorizing the appointment of a Special
Mail Agent in Calitorma and for other purpo
ses. and which he stated tho Postmaster Gene
ral deemed absolutely necessary for the effi
ciency of the public service.
The ayes and nays were ordered on a mo
tion to lay the Bill on the table, the taking of
which was interrupted. Mr. Bayly, who
moved that the amendments of the Senate to
I the Naval Appropriation Bill be agreed to,
which being read, received the assent of the
House rather than the Bill should be lost alto
gether, it being by this lime eleven o’clock;
and in this as well as other bills similar situated.
r a clause having been inserted by the Senate.
I which had previously been rejected by the
j Houss.
The ayes and nays were then taken on the
- motion to lay the Bill of Mr. Bokee on the ta
ble, and 51 voted in the affirmative and 84 in
the negative.
i The usual Resolution was then passed, no
tifying the President that the House had fin
ished its public business, and was about to ad
journ.
The main q ties’i on * was then pat, and the
ayes and nays being taken, it was carried in
the affirmative, ayes 103—55.
3he ayes and nays wore here demoded,
nd while the Clerk was calling the roll, thr
x oarof noon arrived, and the curtain dropped
on tha Thirty-first Congress of the United
States.
At this moment the Committee returned
from waiting on the President, and stated that
His Excellency had no further communications
to make to Congress.
The Speaker then rase and addressed tho
House with much feeling. The members, he
said, had occupied a position of much respon
sibility, during an important epoch in the bis
tory of the country, and while diversity of opin
ion must necessarily exist as to various mess
urea that had beau passed, yet he trusted events
would demonstrate the wisdom of their acts.
He returned his thanks tor tha manner in which
ha Houhid noticed his conduct as its Spea
ker. When he assumed that office, he did so,
he said, with a determination faithfully to dis
charge its duties; and he felt conscious of
never having done an act of intentional injus
tice to any member of that body. It now only
remained for him to perform the last act of his
official duty, by declaring that Congress now
stands adjourned sine die.
This address was received with acclamation,
and when the Speaker descended to the floor
of the Hall, a number of the members crowded
around him and bade him farewell.
Mr. Allen’s Assault on Mr. Webster.
When the bill to provide for carrying inte
execution in further part the twelfth article of
the treaty wi-.h Mexico concluded at Gasda
lupe Hidalgo was under discussion in the
House of Representatives, o.j Tuesday night,
Mr. Allen, taking the floor, went on to charge
Mr. Webster, Secretary es Slate, with en
tering office only after receiving $50,000 from
brokers and bankers of State street, Bjslon,
and Wall street, New York. He was of the
impression that there were gentlemen in the
House who were personally cognizant of the
fact. [Voices —Name’hem I name them .’1
He held that in former times the country would
have risen indignantly against any such con
duct as the reception of such sum?, by gen
tlemen in the position of Mr. Webster, frtm
parlies who were notorious speculators in the
public funds. He called on the whig party to
refuse to palliate this conduct on the part of the
Secretary of State, and in that manner to vin
dicate its own integrity. He also warned the
cemocracy of the House of the danger of
standing by the impu'ation of any such trans
action.
Mr. Ashtnun replied with great severity,
but we omit hie remarks, as he made a more
direct answer to the charge the next day.
Mr. Hilliard said that an unpropitious mo
merit was selected to make the attack, while
debating a matter of public policy. He should
not attempt a defence of Mr. Webster, but he
asked every gentleman to agree with him that
public reputation was public property, and
that ti.e fame of a great man is not to be
thrown idly away. He then spoke of the em
inent merits of Mr. Webster as a statesman,
patriot, and mao, and said that he was strong
er in the affections of the people than before
the shafts of venom were directed at him.
Wedhksday, Feb. 26—The House hav
ing the same bill under consideration io com
mittee,.
Mr. Alien, of Massac’nisetU, asked the
I consent of the House to indulge him in a few
remarks.
Great confusion ensued. Mr. A. was en
titled to speak three or four minutes before
the time for closing the debate expired.
Mr. Allen then alluded to what he said last
night as to Mr. Webster having, as a condition
for taki ig the office of Secretary of State, de
manded the sum of fifty thousand dollars from
business men in Wall street, Ne w York, and
State street, Boston. And how, he asked, had
this statement been met ! Not at all. He
did not distinctly hear the enunciation of his
colleague (Mr. Ashmun,) and he could not
speak in the broken accents of that gentleman
But notwithstanding a member of this House
on hie responsibility, slated a grave fact, one
gentleman, and then another rose last night,
and endeavored to divert the attention of the
House, and to excite prejudice against tne
speaker.
The chairman informed the gentleman that
. 1 . * - .a. 1— *Sn -in. M •r. *4 1....!
thetimo to which the debate was limited had
expired. [Cries of *Go on.”J The gentle
man could proceed only by unanimous con
sent. (Repetition of cries “Goon” “go
on.”)
Mr. Asbmuti, I suppose that I cau speak
five minutes ou an amendment.
Mr. Bayly. lam oniitled to the floor.
Mr Ashtnun. Will the gentleman allow
me it moment, in order to make a statement
which I was not ready to make last night?
M r. Carter rose to a question of order, amid
the confusion. Members had gathered in the
area, and private conversation was loudly in
dulged.
Several gentlemen addressed the chairman,
who refuses to recognise any one until order
was restored. He then rapped and resorted to
a request that gentlemen would resume their
seats.
Mr. Carter rose to a question of order—that
Mr. Bayly had no right to yield tho floor to
Mr. A-iimun.
Mr. Bayly. I never pretended that I had.
Mr. Cspier. I don’t say that.
Mr. Baytv. I was quite aware of it. I
yielded to the gontleman, (Mr. Ashmuu,) sup
posing tha‘ there was no objection.
Mr. Burt. I wi.h to make a suggestion. I
understand Jbat the gent.eman from Virginia
does not desire to occupy ttie floor for more
than fifteen mmotes. 1 propose, by unani
mous consent, that twenty minutes of the honr
be given to each of the gentlemen from Mas
sachusetts.
It was agreed to, and Mr. Allen was invited
to ‘ go on.” .
Mr. Alien was not heard with distinctness
when he commenced his resosrksl, but in a
short time became more audible. There was
much anxiety manifested all over the hail
He repeated that there was no demal of the
statement winch be made yesterday. /Joes
my colleague deny it ? If he does, I will meet
the denial; and I wnl here say 'hn: if he denies
the facts, that I am ready to meet the issue <
whenever and whatever presented ; and all 1
ask is that the Secretary of S'ste, or any
friend of his, to give me an opportunity to .sail
for evidence as to the facts; and I pledge my
self, notwithstanding any uenia! 1.0 made, that
if the opportunity bo given,! will substantiate
what I have asserted.
Mr. Webster, when he was offered the Post
of Secretary of State, wrote to certain per
sons to ask what they would do for him. On
consultation it was agreed to raise $25 000 in
Boston, and a like sum in New York ; and I
am informed that $25,000 was raised in the
last named city, but fell short in Boston, the
amount being sl9 600. Gentlemen there had
been bled freely on other occasions, and it was
difficult to bring them up to the giving point
No matter if this was a free gift. Every man
knows that commercial men have an object in
making presents As a man of independence,
Mr Webster ought to have had nothing to do
withit; that he would suspect the object of
the gifts, and those who made them. But when
gifts are made al his own request, I ask wheth
er an influence is not brougnt to bear on the
officer which is dangerous to public justice and
public interests, and more especially dangerous
when pecuniary means of large amount are
placed in charge of that officer.
Mr. A. then replied to the remarks of Mr.
Ashmtin of a personal character ; and spoke
further m covdarnnauau of Mr. Webster.
Mr. Ashmunsaid, I should do injustice to trie
good sense of the House if I consumed the
twenty minutes allowed to me. It does not
need remarks from me to answer my colleague.
The sense of shame and indignation iu every
fees manifested list nigh: is a more effective re
sponse than any words of mine. There was
no honorable man but who would cry out
■‘shame! shame!” The gentleman charged
last night, and repeated u io day, that Mr.
Webster required, as a condition precedent fi r
him to accept the office of Secretary of State,
that he should receive from certain persons io
Wall street and State street $50,006, and that
I the contract was entered into and that it was
j fu.filled in New York audnearly fulfilled in Bos-
on. It was a charge of corruption, an! that
] Mr. Webster entered iu o office by promising
j to fiver certain persons by his official influence.
Now, I have nothing more to say than this. In
the length and breadth, in aggregate and de
tail, I tin authorized to ray that it is as os
qcALtruD falsehood. I am authorized to
say, on the authority of Mr. Web-ler, and 1
do say, it is an falsehood.
Mr Allen took issue.
, Mr. Ashman. Toe challenge has been ac
cepted. Now let the defamer of the Secretary
, of State carry out his charge. That is al. 1
| T thi.hnguage ThMe C “ n be mi,talle ak ®«‘
' sat® -•SMSssssraai
t, Mr. Web.ter whHe S) ’ ‘
e I man’, hospitality, whHe at tho f * bat .* enl I e "
d hold a dagger fn hi. Lnd he
- aaffitied with malignity, which hu
a edontto day. And Mr. A eta'ed that j
- Mr. Allen were delegate, to t|, e Philaielohit
t convention in 1848, and that they both voted
for Mr. Webeter a. a candidate for the Preai.
• dency; hut when the convention refu.ed to
i nominate Mr. Webster, Mr. Allen acciued the
I Whig party of treachery.
Mr. Allen said that he wa. allowed to reply
■ to a personal attack of hia colleague. Ho had
• confiued his remark, to that attaok. But an
other allack bad just been made, and ho asked
the justice to respond.
Mr. Hilliard wished to reply to so mack of
Mr. A'len’s remarks aa related to him
There wn much confusion—above which
the voice of
Mr Jones wa. heard, .eying: -It is tho duty
of the Chairman, if ho cannot enforce order, to
call m the Bergeant at-Arm.. [Call, to order,
and taoghter.]
The Chairman exerted himself to restore or
der.
Air. Bayly who had given way for tho ox
planations of Messrs. Ashmun and Allea naw
resumed the floor. Mr. McLane, of Mary
land, asked him to yield, that they might take
action on what hadju.t occurred.
-Mr Bayly. My friend does aot think that I
would acquiesce.
Mr. McLane. Yon ought not to otjoeL
Ihe Charman. Dees not the gentleman
from Virginia give way 1
i Mr. Bayly. Ido not, end .hall not.
The confusion having died away to some ex
tent—
Mr. Bayly addressed the committee in r.la
iinn to the bill before them, and was followed
by ether gentlemen, who spoke ■ atil the re
cess was taken, at half-past three o’clock.
During the evening session, Mr. Levia de
fended Mr. Webster in an earnest manner
tr»m the attacks which had been mads on that
gentleman, pronouncing the accusation of Mr.
A'len this morning a false one. Posterity will
remember Mr. Webster, ami erect te him a
monument, not like that on Banker Hill,
which he has rendered immortal by his elo
qu.ricß. That will moulder and deeay.
rime’s finger will wear away the surface and
base, an t it will fall and not a fragment remain
te mark ihe spot where it stood; but it shall
be a monument more noble in stracturs and
admirable in ire proportions. The monument
will he erected in the hearts of the American
people to the noble, lof.y, seif sacrificing spirit
which induced him in the hour of common
o.tiger to »tep forward sad sacrifice every
thing in defence of his native land.
Mr. Giddings follbwed in one of hi. charac
teristic harangues. He accused Mr. Levia es
bidding for offiee From what had been acid
by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, tha
army, he argued, was to cut the throats of the
people, and to put down freemen of tho
North. He then denounced the Fugitive
Slave lew, spoke of it being odious to nine
tenths of the northern people He would say
unhesitatingly, that ne freemen are bound te
assist in the execution of the law. It was a
matter which lies between themselves, their
conscience, end their God, and he extended to
the freemen of Massachusetts his thanks.
Mr. Mason asked whether he approved of
the Boston mob.
Mr. Giddings did not know what the gentle
man meant by a mob, but he would say
this, if he had been a colored man .in
Boston, as he is a white man, and
a Southerner had eome to seizs his broth
er, sister, or any relative, hi. life blood should
have flowed before he would have remained
nassivo. He then noticed the remarks of Mr.
Clay in the Sedate, spoke a kind word lor
George Thompson, and referred to the remarks
of Mr. Houston to day in defence of Mr Web
ster.
A scene followed between Mr. G. and Hous
ton of D , which was properly ended by Mr.
Marshall, who said G ’« subject was to start
an agitation, and, on his motion, the Committee
rose.
~~ POLITICAL.
Judge Bester's Letter.
Wa published a few days since tne admira
ble letters of Mesars. Clay and Conn to the
Union Committee of Macou, and we now add
ths fcflowing from Judge Baxtir, which
should be read by every voter, who has the
capacity to comprehend and the indapendeace
to fortu and act upon an opinion l
Letter from Ell H. Baxter. Esq.
Sparta, Ga. Feb 10th, 1851.
Gentlemen .* Your lavor of the 7th in.t, giv
ing me an invitation to join you, either person
ally, crb., ...y ..ouHsele, in the oi
Wadlineton's birt i day, I hare received. I
regret that I cannot participate personally with
you but believing as I do, that the Federal
Union is necessary to the protection of Sooth
er u rights, and libir’.y itsolf, I cannot refrain
Irom giving you the expression of my decided
approbation of the great object you have in
view —the formation of a Union party, ce-ex
tensive with ths Republic.
For the first time since the formation of our
Government disunion has been openly avow
ed and sdvoca ed. A neighboring State, the
land of Sumter and Marion—a State that partici
pated in the struggle that gave us indepen
dence—a State that has been always pr impt in
her contributions of money and blood when
called for bv the Government—is united almost
to a man for disunion. In our own State,
Alabama and Mississippi, we have heard shouts
for disunion. Respectable newspapers have
recommended it. The North is not free from
the disaffection, and the South has been filled
with publica ions designed to alienate ths pea
pie from the Government, and preps • them
for disunion If this is all true, it is high time
4'or 'he friends of die Union to rally to ns rev
erie. If this is true, old party lines should be
abacdoeed, and every man who cherishes an
a tach . ent for the Union should enlist under
its bauuor. It is an issue involving the exis
tence of the Government; and what will our
Whig or Democratic principles avail us when
ths Government lies m ruins and the people
are thrown into fierce and contending fac
tions ?
And for what aro we called upon to dissolve
the Government ? T|ie late action of Con
gress, in the admission pf Califirnta as a State
and the organisation of the Territories, con*
stitute the leading reasons with the advocates
for disunion. Ide not entirely approve of all
this action, yet, such was the excited and exas
perated stale of the public mind. North and
South, that 1 consented to acquiesce for the
sake of peace and harmony. The admission
of California, which was the most objectiona
ble portion of that acuon, was, With few ex
ceptions admrted to be constitutional; and
the Territorial Governments were precisely
each as were claimed by the great mass of
Southern men. If the admission of Califor
nia was constitutional, as obnoxious as it ia, it
would have been unwise end suicidal in tne
slave States to resist it. Tne principal object
in having a written eonstitnUon is to give pro
tection to minorities in times of high political
tnd psrry excitement. The slave Slates mnat
rely upon that conatitu’.'mn for pro<eetioa to
their slave property. As one, therefore, of a
minority, aud a Southern roan, I am disposed
to acquiesce in all constitutional legislation up
on this delicate question, if, as a minority,
will not abide constitutional action, how can
we expect the majority the free soil States, to
do it? So long as our constitutional rights are
respected by the majority, the insti
tution is safe. It is frequently suggested that o
the free soil States will ultimately acquire suffi
cieot power, by the admiedon of new States,
to take from ea this protection. To do this
they must have two-thirds of both branches of
lionttrese, and three fou'tlis ol the Slates must
become free soil. Long before that can be
the ease the laws pf population will have placed
a perpetual quietus upon tbs question.
But are the dangers, present or prospective,
to the ins nation of slavery, such as to justify
the extraotdinary remedy proposed, the disso
lution of the Union At no period, in my
opinion, has tho institution been upon a safer
basis. The acquisition of Texas has given the
slaveholder nearly all the Territory in the Uni
ted States that can be profitably cultivated by
slaves. The ordinance assented to by Virginia,
at an early period in our disrory, insisted upon
and partially carried out when Missouri was
admitted and urged by Vie free-soilers in the
late action of Congress in organizing the Ter
ritories, wtis yielded up, and the constitutional
rights of the South directly acknowledged.
Nor can 1 concede what is claimed by many
intelligent Southern men—that the slave States
derive no ad vantage from territory that ia made
free soil. AK territorial acquisition gives in
crease and prolonged value to slave property.
If the slaveholder cannot emigrate with hie
slaves to California, the citizen who is not a
slaveholder may, and room is made for tho
slave. It » truth that cannot be disguised ;It
ia out of the power of the statesman to pre
vent I'; ail those portions of the slave States
suitable for the culture of rice, sugar and cot
ton, must became, comparatively, a vast slave
plantation. A given space of territory can
but sustain profitably a certain popelation.
When it accumulates to that point, the slave or
the citizen who is not a slaveholder must give
way. Tne slaveholder having the balance of
power, be makes it to the merest of the non
slavsholder to sell and emigrate to the free-soii
States, and thus a collision, which would be
fatal to the slaveholder, ia avoided. Does it
not then become us, as an intelligent people,
to anticipate that period, when so large a pro
i portion of our population will be slaves, and
- inquire if we shall not then want the Federal
t Government to give us safety and security I
: Pardon me for briefly adverting to an argu-
ment used by a citizen of no ordinary distino
i ticn, who has been prominent as the advocite
-of absolute, unconditional and perpetual dis
union. He insists that the Union ought to be
dissolved, oscause it has been exteuded over
1 such an rxtent of territory that it cannot be
successfully administered ler the happiness of
I the people. Alexander Hamilton was accused
of entertaining anti republican sentiments, but
no Amezican citizen has ever expressed an
opinion ao offensive to the friends of republi-