Newspaper Page Text
WSPrakiTi oTlM*rrl wp &
'■l -
3Y WILLIAM S. JONES.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
!• Published every Wednesday,
AT T>VO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten
Dollars, SIX cffie* of the Paper will be sent for one
year, thus fainistr'n? the Paper at the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
©r a free copy to all who m»y iocure us /ise sub
scribers, and forward us the owner.
THE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailec to sub 1
scribers at the following rates, riz.:
Daily Paps a, if sent by mail- ••• 37 per annu ’c.
Tbi-Wsssly Papas 4 “ “
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
Im Wiikly. —Seventy-five cents per square (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
Pr each subsequent insertion.
fjotels.
INDIAN SPRING.
TH E USDERSIGNED asks leave
to state to the public general.y, that
he is yet the Propne-or of the INDIAN
SPRING HOTEL at this place, and is new prepar
ed to receive company. The virtues of the Indian
Spring waters have been so long kewu, and so
generally tested, that I pre Mime it is not neceso* ry
bero to say any thing in their praise.
The Proprietor of this Hotel has only to add that
* la addition to the»e requisites »f the Indian Spring
at a summer residence, that he has, since the last
season, largely added to the Indian Spring Hotel,
by extending bis Dining Room so as to make it rqnal
to any thing of the kind southwardly, and he has a tao
added many fine rooms for families, as well as for
persons without families. He also assures those that
ore pleased to call at this old established Hotel that
the best of every thing that the country affords shall
be provi ed for their accommodaiion, and renews
former pledge, that no Hotel shah sari ass the Indian
Spring, and no pains epared 'o m ike ail comfortable ;
with this assurance be inv tes the calls of the com
muniiy generally my 22 2m EDW. VARNER.
ROWLAND SPRINGS
MTHE Subscribers beg leave tn inform
their friends and the public, that they have
leased the above well known place of re
sort, ami mat they intend keeping them during the
summer season in a style superior to any we taring
place in she up-country. The House will be open
and ready tor the reception of visitors by iho first of
JUNE next. LANIER A USHER.
N. R.—There will Lea lino of Hucks at the Depot
at Cartersville, at all times to convey Pssscager* io
the Springs, both from up and down Trains of Rad
Road apll-3m L. dr <7.
COTOOSA SPRING i.
THIS POPULAR AND fashionable
JuttL Watering Place will be opened for tbo recep
tion ot visitors on the IClh day of June.
The Propr etora would inf-rm the public, that
since the last season, they have added to tbe:r estsb-
one hundred spacious and comtbifable
rooms vxh other mproveuiunts, an I as it is their
pn.puse "o devote their united personal attention to
the buAMnow.hli'jfl of teir pneats, they huje to
make it a dalightlul and pleasant rasert to all, as
well those in j ursuit of pleasure as health.
The Water from several ot the Springs has teen
recently analysed tv that accomplished Chemist
Prof A. Meamb, «>t ma Medical College ol Geor
gia, whose repurtof the same, will shortly be given
to the public.
Tbejo Springs, the mineral properties of which,
are uusurrsesed, are situated tn Walter County,
Ge rgia within tno miles of the Cotoosa I’lat
roßM,onlha Western and Atlantic Railroad, one
hundred anti twelve miles from Atlanta, and twenty
five from Chauanooga, ia a most deiifb'.fal *nd salu
brious ft oumain climate. The company's li-cks
will always be in wait ng at the Depot on the arri
val of the ears, to convey visitors and lher baggage
to the Springe.
BAFTEY, HICKMAN & McDONALD.
May 16, 1851.
nr The Courier and Mercury, Chari•?>ton ; Re
publican, Savannah ; Journal and Telegraph, Mu
eon , Enquirer and Times, C Limbus; Recorder
and Uuiou, Milledgeville, Ga.; Hanner, Abbevilte
So. Ga.; Journal, Montgomery, A»a.; and Gazette,
Chattanooga, Tenn., will each publish ten times
weekly aud send a paper to the spring* couiuiumg
the a >vert!sernrnt marked.
MLRIWETHoR WAR d BPRINGB
iL.-arA THIS establishment will be open for
(■J««J| the recet tion of visitors, on and after the
JJjjfo.fl. first day of June. Visitors will al all
timea, find a ready conveyance Imm Greenville, or
Pleasant Hill, and a four horse Post Urach, three
times a week ftoin Columbus to the Spring. T>
Proprietor will also keep Hacks and other convej
ances at the S«inji conveyance of hi* guests.
iy c »3 „-<>( J. |. e MUSTI‘\
GORDON SPRINGS
AbA THIS favorite Watering place, lhe
lasi a M valuable meiicinal properties of which
r have been eo generally appreciated, will
be open (luring Ibe present season, t. r the reception
of visitors under the charge of one of the Proplie
tors, wbo*e undivided attention wi’l bqulevcted io
ths aeemnmodatina and comfort of his gnewts.
These Springs are in Walker county, within a
lew miles of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, in
a country dia<inguished tor the aalubrity of ito cli
mate, and the beauty and variety ot its tMxniery.
JTk* A Hack will run daily between Tunnell
Hill” and lhe Springs, for the conveyance of pas
ssng»rs jel&w6 GEORGE W. GORDON.
Tue Republic, August*, Repuldioan and Gcor>
Sian, Savannah, Christian Index Penfield, and
suroal A Messenger, Macon, will copy the above
6 'ioass weekly, and forward tbsir bills lo
G. W G.
JOTHOSE IM SEARCH OP a
PLEASANT SUMMER RETREAT.
THE SUBSCRIBER. late of die Newton
House, Athene, Georgia, having taken the
Hotel in this place formerly owned and occupied by
Col. Griffin, lakeethin method of informing his Iriends
and the public generally, that be has settled (lerma
nsmiy (he bepee) in the pleasant village of Gaines
ville, that ths house he has purchased lias under
gone considerable repairs, and >anewly furnished in
neat and com ion able style.
Nothing in hazarded in saying that the house is in
better condition every way than it has been for ten
years past.
He feels authorised in assuring the public that
the well earned and deservedly high reputa«ion
which Col. Griffin has given to the house, eball not
suffer in hts hands.
ith « liberal patronnge and onr best exertions,
we hope to make Gainesville just the place.
Travellers to thia section of the country can be ac
commodated with first rate stage travelling either
from Athene (the terminus of the Athens branch of
the Georgia Railroad) or from Stuwe Mountain, three
times a week, to-wit: On Tuesday’s, Thursday's
and Saturday’s, and lam author:zed to say that |
Messrs. Sautter & Ivy, of Athene, (the present etage
contractors (rem Athens to this piece,) will keep
constantly wn hand a num'fr of extra Coaches,
Hacks, die., which they will at allttmes put on tbs
road when required, so that nore need fear having
to remain In Amens longer then inclination or phav
ure'Day dictate, and I am informed that arrange
ments are being made at the Stone Mountain for the
accommodation of all win may wish to come by that
delightful place on their way to this sec Lou <4 the
State. There is also a pleaxant Hack line runuftog
in connection with these two stage lines fiotn this
place to Dahlonega, and Mr. Smith of this place will
give bio best < florts lor the aeccmin«xlation oi thoee
who may wish to paes to the Sulphur Springe or to
Clarkaville. L. P. THOMAS.
Gainesville, Hall Co.,Ga., Mav 23, 1851. w 4
BRAD
SOUTH-EAST CORNER
ov thi ali
PUBLIC SQUARE,
LaGrange Georgia.
my‘24-w6<i •
EAGLE HOTEL,
MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE.
THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure
in returning his thanks to his friends and
the public, for the very liberal patronage here- *****
tefore extended to him. And having recently im
proved and extenoed bls buildings so at- to afford the
bant acc« »m modal ion * to almost any number ol tiav
ellers and persona wishing boarding, he confidently
expects an increase of public favor and patronage.
Building situated on second block south cl the
Public Square —one hundred and fifty feet leng—
rooms regularly laid olf and well furnished. He is
also well prepared to take the bent care of borsee, Sc.
Stable large and secure—careful and attentive eer
* vaata. In short, the greatest attention will be paid,
and peins taken, to render all n-uilxtable who mav
call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
Madt?w<iville, August 3, ISSO. au3-wtf
KINGSTON HOUSE,
KINGSTON, GrORGIA.
MTHE UNDERSIGNED having to
ken lhe KINGSTON HOUtE, on the n.nh
the Railroad, at Bingstoo. Ga., w now fre
parod to accomiDo ate (be Travelling Public, cs,e»
•tally Meal lor Pane, vn lhe < ‘ars.
je4 divrJtwQ WM H MASSENGALE.
FRANKLIN HOTEL.
BRO STREET, AuguMc Ga.,
BML <*'* * ©qusre above Che Globe H-xel, on the
Bbnth side ot Broad ata se%.
n.Q-wly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor.
AMERICAN HOUSE?"
HANOVER STREET, BOSTON,
dpf THE UNDERSIGNED hav
■lit ing entirely KE BUILT and E\- Siii
LakGED the ab- ve exteas;ve esttuli.-hmrnt, c->u
taining tn all about three hundred and fifty room*,
Would respectfully give u.'tice that it is now ready
fer the roeepthMi and accomtnodauoa of the travel-
Mog eommumCy.
An extended oo ice of lhe üßsurpaned convenien
ces of ibis House is deemed raperfiuons, as the nu
aaerous iinprovemeots which h.ive been made cannot
■be properly given in an advertisement. Suffice it to
aay chai qo expense has been spared to render any
apartment per led.
The furniture was made expressly to order, re
of ewrt, and certain porwes of it, especially
iba Drawing-rooms, will be found to be of the mon.
beaut Hui tasteful manufacture. The Dining
n»m» are capack'os, and lhe hours of meals will be
eo arranged as to oqh it>e convenience of lhe early
ano late.
Every department will be conducted in an unex
ceptxmat'ie manner, and ths Proprietor pledges him
?? k be American House shall be tmlv the
. O -°® e ’ LEWIS RICE.
—7i w oe-wl. m
CAUTION. ~
om (e trade
7~ . •"Utt, gi.en by us to Ueor re W
25 h Dwember. JBS9, s.d p.,.- le u
1881 ,h J 25 ■' d * v
UUUy Sul, V. era d«.ne, ne j M „ •
• ROBear kkmdrick
■yl-w»« i KLKANOK IK-XUHICR.
THE WEEK!!
| CHRONICLE t SEXTINE 1 ..
■ SELECTED POETRY.
n Th. Hafpt Pair. —The following graphic
e ; picture of dome.lic happiness in hurntle life
was written many years since, by Townsend
Haiues, Eeq., late Secretary of the Common.
* wealth of Pennsylvatia, and now Register of
the Treasury of the United States at Waebing-
‘ ton:
808 FLETCHER.
> i I once knew a ploughman, Bub Flo'cher his name,
Who was old and wm
Yet they lived quite contented, and free from all
strife,
Bob Fletcher, the ploughman, and Judy his wife.
Aa the morn streaked ths east, and the night fled
away,
They would up for labor, refreshed for the day ;
And lhe aer.g cf the lark, as it rose on the gale,
Found Bob at the p ough and his wife at the pail.
A neat little cottage, in front of a grove,
Where in youth they first gave tueir young hearts
up to love,
Was the solace of age, an J to them doubly dear,
As it called up the past, with a smile or a tear.
Each free bad its thought, and the vcw could impar
i’hil mingled in ycuih the warm wi-h of lhe heart;
he tbjrn was still there, and the blossoms it bore.
And lhe seng from its ti p seemed the same aa b fore.
When the curtain of night over Nature was spread,
Aud Bod had returned from the plough to his shed.
Like the dove on ter seat, he reposed from a.‘l care,
if bis wife and Lie youngsters contented were there.
I have passed by his door when the evening was
3»J'»
And the hill and the landscatto were fading away,
And have heard from the cottage, with grateful sur
pr ee,
The voice of thanksgiving I ke incense arise.
And I thought on the proud, who would look down
whh acorn,
On the neat little coUrge, the grove and tbo thorn,
And felt that the riches and tinsels of life
Were droea, to contentment w.tu Bob and bis wife.
BE KIND.
Fe kind to thy father; far when thou wast young,
Who loved thee eo fondly bo ?
He caught the first acron s lhat fell from thy tongue,
And j lined in thy inn went glee.
Be kind to Chy father; for now he is old,
His lot be intermingled with gny ;
Hi.s footstepe sre ieeu.’e, once fearless and bold—
Thy father ie passing away.
Be kind to tby mother; for lo !cn her brow
May tracescf sorrow r.e seen ;
Ol;. well may’st tb..u ciieri h an I comfort bar now,
For lovii'X and kind has she beeu.
Remember thy mother, tor tuee she will piay
As lung as God givet'a her bxealh ;
With accents of kinJuc'S, then, cheer her lone
way,
E’en to the dark valley of death.
Be kind to thy brother ; Ira heart will have dearth,
if the emrasof joy be withdrawn;
The flowers of feehug wdl fide ot their birth,
L the dewuf afTe-’ti.-n tie gone.
Be kind ioycur brother, -.vn<.ever you arc ;
The love of a brother shall b i
An ornament purer nd r.cboi by far
Titan pearls from thj depth oi the sea, r
De kind lo thy sister; r<»t many may knew
The depth of Irae t»i«tcr!y lave ;
The wealth of lue ocean lies (aiho;ns Velow
The ’urfice that sparkle? above 1
Thy feiirineae shall bring to th*o many sweet
hours,
Ant blessings thy pathway to crown ;
AiL’c'ion shall weave thee a garland «.f fljwere, ,
5!. re ploasant ’hao w*..-»l*h or rerewn.
jior Sale.
LOCK SURE
ILL B E K lil Di ffcD, on reiron •
V V able term*, i r one, or a term of
years, from the first of January next, the la
DINNER AND SUPPER HOUSE,
known os the Ninety Mile Station, between Savan
aub cod Micon, on the Central Railroad. Upon Hie
premises ate a a,-acioaß Hotel and nil needful nuii i
inga. Two store house*, biro, stable*, neuro hous.-r.
and vege’ao'e gard-n, all iu good repair, with a farm
attached, under a good state of cu'tivatiun, from fifty
to out- huu.lrud acre*. For an act're and entcif rs
iog man, this situation presents one o‘ the finost open
ings for mercaatde busine-a in the State, haring an
extensive region of country to sustain k. To <ne
chd ics, also, this place offer* the best opening in
Georgia. A superior Bheksmi'h and Wagon ma
ker, a Hoot and Shoe maker, a Tanner and Currier,
will find more business and at higher prices, than at
any ether point. There is «n ample supply of the
best materials, and one ot tb«s fines* S eam Saw Milk
in the country, within a short d'siance. Indu.-triou>-
and temperate men can “dr ire” a profitable Lari
nest in their trades at this place. Tsnemoists suffi
cient for all.
Within a mile of the Hotel b the Ogeochee* River,
with fishing grounds, no', aur; aaeed by any stream
ut its sise, and the finest fi.th at all seas. ns.
There is at this plnco a Post and Te'egraphic Of-,
fiee. With il»e exception of the wood uid water
nation, which will t>e reserved, any part or all of the
premises will be Rented, uy appli.'a'iim to the pro
prietor, H. I*. JONE'', Birdsvilte, Burke Co.,
ie7-wlra or to J V. JONEH, AJiuta. Ge
FOR SALE,
1 _n THE SUBSC HI BE IL’S Summer
is-. Resicence, situated on tbe South Sand
Hills, on tlio first eminence, southwest of
itie iutanell Spring. The ritnation in a pleasant
< ne- of easy access to, and in lull view ui the Geor
gia Railroad Tba DWELLING is large and com
•uodious, and in good repair.
Fur further particulars, apply to
in>3l-Ha l*u A r dc.w3 SAMUEL C. WILSUN.
SPRINGS FOR SALE.
MTIIK SUBSCRIBER Olf th ,gso,
for sale an excellent PLANTATION '«£*’
of Iwo Hundred and Fitly Acres, -*•
wed improved, with a good Framed DWELLING
HOUSE thereon, situate on the main road hem the
' iilage cf
GAINESVILLE TO CLARKSVILLE,
and about equidistant from each. There is a con
siderable quantity of good bottom Land upon the
plane, and a
PUFR BLUE LIMESTONE SPRING
ne-ir the Dwe.iing Per terms, apply to the
sub criber at Citric*ville, Georgia.
ra>2Ldl*w3 JOHN R. STANFORD.
FOR -?A-£
JL-.T, THE SUBSC HiBER offers for
sale hisFAMII Y RESIDENCE in the
Town of Marietta. It is Lms-'bo in a de
•treble part of town, is wel’ improved contain*
• bout two act s. The dwelling hue nine rrx ms and
one basement nil well finished. Poeseewion ca» be
had the fir»-t of July.
For terms, aff’ly to Col- David Dobbs, Win. P.
Young or John F. Arnold in the absence of
Aul a P 3U w NFJ SON M. BEN TON.
Valuable Plantation for fc ale,
THE subscriber offers for sale her
PLANTATION, lying dirertlv on the
-A- |i ß e of Rail Road, aixiut 19 mile* from -L
--the city of Montgomery, Alaoatna. The trad of
Land contains about 960 acres, *IOO of wh ch tso| en
•nd, and is one of lhe bo*i sandy lan I cotton plan
ted'ns in Alabama Cor further particulars, address
the s--bacribcr, at Decatur, Macun county, Ala.
my!8w!0 BI RCH. 1
FOR SALE OK RENT,
A PLBASAST DWELLINOinIht
OL v’iiage of Clarksville, suiiable lor a small |
family. It will be sold, or leaked by lhe year, or for
the months, upon reasonable terms. Apply
to the fubsoril er at Claikeviiie, Ga.
>3O*lawdtJe!s JOHN 11. STANFORD.
STEA VI ENGINE FOR SALE
A FIRST RATE ENGINE, of 20 horse
power, ha-« been bu< lit : e used, and can be
sesu in dadv operation at the Bucket Factory of E.
lock bail & Co., until the let July next. Il was
built by Eaten Ct Brothers, ot Cbailet’oo, and
works fine. For terms, apply to the suhteriber or in
bi absence from the city, io Estes »v Riahmond,
near the piemiscs. BEAL M. DUVALL.
AIS<»
For Rent, the 3 story Brick BUILDING, now
need as the Bucket Factory. Apply as above. Any
C Huunimcati* n. throng i the Post t tfi-e, diiected to
Box 183 will he attecded to. i’l -ddtwijyl
FOR SALE.
VT MY MILL, 1500 buahcU CORN, in the
ear. »w ground with the C**b. If ground with
the Cob 66 lhe. answers to th ? bushel, and o;ea*-
erea I bua-.ei 3 pecks, a id decidedly more healthy
for Stock ban Corn ungreued.
myß JA<. L. COLEM\N.
NEGRcES, NEGROES.
JUST AKHIVKL>, SEVENTY-SIX ycua?,
likely NEGROES, which, added to our for-n-’
stock, will make one hundred and fvuxteen we have
1 now on the Market. By calling at our Depot at
Hamburg, S. C-., purchasers can be suited, and these
wishing to purchase are requested to examine our
Meek before purchasing elsewhere.
4-*** vwt JFVxix .s Ar
THE MONTGOMERY NLANUFAC
» WRUNG COMPANY’S IRON-WORKS,
Mshtgouirryi Aiatama,
M 1 AKVFACTt RE, in superior style, Hori-
sofltal and Upright STEAM ENGINE*, of
all sixes; Steam BOILERS; LOCOMOTIVES;
Cast-iron WATER WHEELS; Sugar MILLS;
Saw and Grist Mill IRONS, of every variety, (in
cluding Hoxie’s continuous feet for Saw Mills;) Fn
, eine nd Hand • ATHES; Iron and Brass CAST
INGS, of all kinua. JU ,
, At! orders nt.e <•( » Isrre'cb.
arZ2 GINDR AT & CO
LOST
*>lllE public are cauiioced against purchasing
JL the CtlE< Kof Goa Id, Huikdey A Co., to my
1 rder and not endorsed by me, oo die Branch of the
5 Bank ot the State of Georgia, at Augur a. Said
r Check ie dated &b Aj-hI, 1851-No. 200—for
5479.51, and payment is stepped.
J. THOMAS ROWLAND.
CarteravilJe, May 6. 1851. lawgw*
NOTICE
i | OST OR MISPLACBLIt Twenty-Eight
f Hundred Doiiars, ail in one hundred Dollar
Note*, made payable to JOHN W. GREEN, or
• bearer, dated some time in September, ISSO. Signed
by A. S. CROSS, (b« X mark.> All persons are
» hereby tore warned ot trading ke said Neues, and the
maker, A. S. Crxw, is lure warned not u? pay said
Notes to other peisca except mysclt.
JOHN W. GREEN.
Said Note* all on demand the firat day u January
next. aJ4-wtf J. G
gjHYSICIANS' MEdTjAL bADDLr r AGS,
t manutactured of the beet mater.a s, and ia the
arcs* improved manner, estataseiaj Twenty s;x
i lee, of different si ire, besides et'aer cxnpartreuiv.
These I’aga are very convenient; axe Ur pxe.erabU
• toasi m ore. Sold in Augaste by
PHIL’? A. MOISE,
>lO Dealer m cbmce Medicines,
POLITICAL.
SPEECH OP
H ON. DAN I E L W E B S T E R,
AT ALBANY, MAY
At 2 o’clock Mr. Webster was conducted by
Meaars. Rice and Porter, of the Committee of
Young Men, to the pla’fnrra which had been
erected in the court yard of Congress hall, and
having seated himse'f. cheers, long and loud,
were given by the assembled multi.ude. The
Hon. J C. Spencer, s anding on the piaza of
the hotel, immediately behind the staging erect
ed for the speaker, announced that at the re
qnea of lhe inhabitants of this city, the Hon.
Daniel Webster had consented to addres* lhein
on th u present condition of the country and
rublic affiirs. He knew h* wou d receive a
patient and cheers ul attention. Thia announce
ment was received with renewed cheering.
Mr. Webster then lose and said:—
Ftlli.w Cil'zf.Ti3 :— I owe iho honor of this
occasion—and 1 esteem it an uncommon and
extraordinary honor—to lhe young men of the
city of Albany, and it is my first duty to ex
press to these young men my grateful thanks
fur ih« respect they have manifested toward
me. Never hcless—nevertheless, young men
of A bany, I do not mistake you, or your ob
ject, or your purpose. lam proud to taka to
myself whatever may properly belong to me,
a token cf personal and poii:ical regard
from you to me. But i know, young men of
Albany, it is not I, but the chubs—it is noli,
but the cock ilti'ion of the Union, which ha*
bound together your ancestors ar.d mine, aud
all of us, for more than half a century. It is
’bis that r;a* brought you here to-day, to testify
your regard toward one who, to tho he-c of
his humble ability, has sustained that cause be
fore tha country. (Cheers.) Go on, young
men of Albany! Go on young men of the
Uui.od States! Early manhood is tho chief
prop and support-—the reliance and hops—for
the preservation of public liberty and the insti
tutions of the laud. Early manhood is inge
nuous, generous, just. It looks forward to a
long life of honor or dishonor—and it means,
by the blessing* of God, that it shall he a life of 1
honor, of and success, in all the
professions and pursuits of life; and that it
shall close—when close it must —with it,m&
claim to the gratitude of tho country. Go on.
■hen—uphold the institutions which you
were born. You are manly, fearless, bold.
You fear nothing but to do wrong—dread no- <
thing but to be found recreant to patriotism <
and to your country. 1
Gentlemen, 1 certainly hal no expectation i
of appearing in &u°h an assemblage as this to* 1
day. it is not probable, for much time to come
—a long time to como—that I may again ad- *
dresß any large assemblage of my fellow c:ti« i
zens. If I should not, and if this were he 4
• ast, or lo be among the last of all the occa I
Mona iu whieh lam to appear before any great «
number of the people of the country, 1 shall t
not regret that that appearance was here. I i
find myself in the political capital of the 1
greatest, most commercial, most powerful state *
of the Union I find myself invited here by t
persons es the highest re pectat.fitv, without -
distinction ol party. I consider the occasion t
is t-o newhst august I know that among <
i.boso who now listen to ms there are such n* i
are of the widest, me best, the most pstr'oiic :
and the most experienced public and private I
men in the sta'e of New York. Here are g<» «
• ernore and ex-governors, here are judges and i
ex-ju iges, of high character and b>gh Station; h
and here are persons from all the walks of •
arofes-iorial and private life, distinguished for '
ulent and virtue and emit ence. F-.llow ci i- n
tens, before such an assemblage, and on such s
4fi invitation, I feel bound to guard every op.n- s
•on and every expression —*o -peak wrh preei- •
<ion such sentiments as I advance, and to he c
ca:e»ul in a l tha* 1 .-ay. ’hat I may not be mis
apprehended or n i-irepresented lam request ;
ad, feili>w-ci<izens, by those who invited me
hither, without distiuciion of party, to b»gmf r 1
uiy sentiments on lhe stale cf pub ic aftsns c
in this country, and the interuetiug questions e
which are before us I
This proves, gentlemen, that in the opinion
of those who invi-ednie here, there are qnes
ions sometimes arising which range above ait
party, and all the influences, and cormiderations.
aud interes-s of pariy it proves more, it
proves that in their judgment, at
I now stand be ere you, this is a time in wnich
public affairs de rise in importance above the
range of party, and draw to them an interest
paramount to all party cousiderutions. If that
oe not so, I em here wiihout obj ;ct, and you
are listening to me for no purpose whatever.
Then, gen iemen. what is tho con h'lon of
public affairs which makes it necessary and
proper for men to meet, aud confer together
on the state of lhe country? What are the
qu> sliuns which are overriding, eubdu.ng, and
overwhelming party —inviting henest. well
meaning persons to fey party aside—lo meet
and confer for the general public weal? 1
shall, of course, fellow-ci izens, not enter a
It ngth into many us these questions—nor into
any lengthened discussion f the sinte us pub
lic affairs—but shill eadeavor to vta'e whit that
condition is—what thane questions tire—aad to
pronounce a consc tnuoas judgment of my
own upon lhe whole.
Tho last Congress, fellow citizens, passed
laws called adjustment measures, or mjU emerit
’neaeures— fews ir tended 10 put su end to cer
tain in'ernal and domestic controversies which
existed in the country, and some of them for a
loftig time. These law® were passed by the
constitutional majorities of both houses of
Cungrass They received the constitutional
approbation of lhe President. They are the
laws of the land. To some, or all of them,—
indeed 10 all n f thorn—it the nine of their pas
.”3ge thsre existed warm and violent opposi
tion. None of them passed wiihout heaiod
dDCUtnion. Government was es ablished in
’•■ich of the territories of New Mexico and
Utah, but not without opposition. The boun
dary of Teias wa« to be settled by compromise
c- iih that eta e. but nut tilhout determined aud
violent oppostion. The«e laws all passed,
and as they have now become, from tho nature
f the case irrspeafebfe, it is not necessiry
that I should detain you by discussing their
merits and demerits. Nevertheless, geudu
inen. I desire on this and on all public occa
store, in the most etnph tic and clear manner
to declare, that I hold some of these laws —
and especially that which provided for the ad
justmant of ihs controversy with Texas—to
nave been essential to the preservation of lhe
public peace.
I will not now argue thnt point, nor fey be
fore you at lame the circumstances which ex
isted at that time,—the peculiar situauon of
•lungs in so many of lhe Southern states, or
the fact that many of thos? states bad adopted
measures for the separation of the Union—’.he
fact that Texas was preparing to h?r
righ b io territory which New Mexico thought
was hers by right, and that hut.dreds and thou
sands of them, tired of the ordinary pursuits
of private life, were ready to rise and unite in
any enterprise that might open itself to them,
even at the risk of a direc’ couil ct with the au
thority us this Government. I say, therefore,
without going into the argument with any de
tails, that in March of 1850, when 1 found it
inv duty to add t ess Congress on these impor
tat-t topics, it was my conscientious belief—*
? still unshaken—ever su.ee confirmed—that if
>h« controversy wrh Texas had no: been ami
cably itffjus ed. there must have bean civil war
j.nd civil bloodshed; and in the contemplation
of such a prospect it was of little consequence
on width standard victory should petch; al
though in such a co Heat wa took it for grant
ed that no oppost’ion could arise to the auihor
tty of the United 8 ates tha: would not be sup
pressed. But what of that ? I was not anx
ious about the military 'onseqnonces of things
1 looked 10 the civil aud poli'ir.at biate of things
and their retro! s. and I inquired what would
be the condition of the country if. in this agita
ted ai'ate of things—if, tn this vastly ex:etdod,
zbough not generally pervading feeling at the
South, war should break out and bloodshed
should ensue in ihai exireme of tho Union?
Tha* was enough for me to inquire and regard,
and if the chance hhd been but one iu a thou
sand that such would have been the result, 1
should still have fol* hit that one thousandth
chance should be guarded agai. st bv any ren
sacrifice; because, gentlemen, eau
guine as I am for the future prosper tv of the
country—strongly as I believe now. after what
nas passed, aud especially after loose measures
to which I save referred, then it is likely <0 ho d
together— I yet believe firmly that the Union,
once broken, is utterly incapable, accord'ng to
ail human experience, of being re constructed
in rs original cuarac^er—of being re con
structed by any chemistry, or art, or effort, or
•kill of man. Theo, gentlemen, let us pass
from those measures wh‘ch are now a com
plished and settled. California is in the Union
and cannot be got out; the Texas boundary
is settled and cannot be d siurbed ; Utah arid
New Mexico are te~riiorie<, under provisions
of law, according to accustomed in for
mer cases—and these thibgs may bo regaidej
las settled But then (here was another sub
ject equally agitating and equal y irritating,
which in its nature, must always be subject to
consideration or proposed amendment, and
that is tbs fugitive slave few of 1850, paseed at
tne same session of Congress.
Allow tne to advert very shortly to what I
consider lhe ground of that law. You know,
snd I know, that it was very much opposed in
the Northern states: sometimes with argument
not unfair, often by mere abolition of party,
and often by those whiriw uds of fima'ic sm
that raise a dust and blind the eyes, but pro
duce nothing else Now. gentlemen, thisq :es
tion of lhe propriety of the fugitive slave law.
or lhe enactment of some such law. is a ques
tion that must be met. I s enemies wilt not let
it sleep or slumber- They wII “give neither
sleep to their eyes nor elumoer to their eye
hds ” so long as they can agraie it before the
people it is with them a ’opic —adeeirable to
p:c—and all know, who have mucn experience
in poli icai affair*, that for party men and in
party timesthere is hardiv anything so desira
ble as a topic. (Laughter.)
Now, gentlemen, lam readv to meet this
quee ion. lam ready to meet it—l am ready
.» say that it was right, proper, expehent. jast.
.La: a sjitab e law should be pa--ed tur the re
•toratioa ot the tugiiive s.-aves. found in free
•ta’es. to I heir ow ner» :n th® slave »a es I
am ready to say iha*. because I only repea the
words ot thecoiwutution i.»elf an! 1 am not
I afraid of being considered a plag.ariat. nor a
I feeble im.U’.or of o;her men’s language and
I seh iments. when 1 repeat and a. ueunee o
’ every partef the country; to you, here, and
AJJGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE IS. IKSI.
at. ail times; lhe language «f dr- CoUßt*'U*ion »H
toy country. (Loud cheers ) Gen:lemen, be
x fire the revolution, slavery existed in the
Southern states, and had ♦ xist*d there for more
thin a hundred y jars We us the North were
> not guilty of its introduction. That genera
t on of men, oven in the Soudt, were not guil
ty of it. It had been introduced according to
r the policy of tha mother country, before there
r was any independence in the U. States; in
j deed, before there were any authorities iu the
• colonies competent to resist it. Why, gentle
men. men’s opinions have so changed on this
. subject, and properlv—tne wor’d has come to
pso much juster sentiments—that we can hardly
believe, that which is certainly true, that at the
peace of Utrncht in 1713. the English govern
ment insisted on compensation from the Span
i h government for having violated a contract
by which the Spanish government had granted
tho unqualified and excLisive privilege to the
British government of importing slaves into
her Weit India colonies I That was not then
repugnant to public sentiment; happily it
would be now.
I allude to it to sho w that lhe introduction of
slavery into the Southern states is not »o be
visited upon the generation that achieved lhe
independence of this country. On the con
trary, all the eminent men ot that da; regret
ted it. Aud you, my young friend* of Albany,
if yon will take the pains io go back lo Lie de
baiew of thj period, from the meetiuc of lhe
first Congress in 1774, I mean the Congress
of the Confederation, to tha adoption of the
pro-ent Cunali nt:on, and the enactment of the
first law under the existing Conxtiiution ; you
and anybody that will make that neces-ary re
search, will find that Southam men and South
ern states, a«represented in Cwn-fress, lament
ed the existence of slavery in far more earnest
and emphatic terms than the Northe n; for
though it not exist in the Northern states, it
was a feeble tapsr, just going out, soon to end.
and nothing was feared from it ; while leading
met; mF .’he douih,of Viigiuia and the Carolinas
felt ana acknowledged that it was a moral and
political evil; that it weakened the arm of the
freeman, and kept back the progress and suc
cess of free labor, and they said wi:h truth, and
all history verifies the observation, “that, if
the shore? of the Chesapeake been made
a< free to free lab «r as tne shores of tne North
River. Naw York might hsve been great, but
Virginia would have bseu grs-at also.” That
was the sentiment.
Now, under thia state of things, gentlemen,
when the constitution was framed, iu framers,
aud tha people who adopted it, came to a
clear, express, unquestionable stipulation and
compact. There had been an ancient practice
for many years—for a century, f;r aught I
know —according to which fugitives from ser
vice, whether apprentices at the North, or
alavasat the South—should be restored. M -s
--sachiM’itls had restored fugitive slaves to Vir
ginia long before the adoption of the consti
tution; and it is well known (hit in other
states in which slavery did or did not :ixist—
thay were rent* red. And it was held that any
rain could pursue his slave and take him
wherever he could find him. Under this
stain us things, it was expressly stipulated in
the plainest language—and there it stands ;
j-ophi-try cannot gloxs it—it cannot ba erased
from »he page of lhe constitution—.here it
stands, that persons held lo rervica or labor
in one state, nnder me laws thereof, escaping
into another, snail not. in conni quence oi any
law or regulation therein, ba discharged from
such service or labor, bat shall be delivered
up, up* n claim of the party to whom such
service or labor shall be due. This was adop
ted withent dis?en-—no whore objected to,
North or South—but considered as a tnat’er of
absolute right end justice to the Southern
vales—‘Oticurrcd in everywhere, by every
state that ad■ pted the constit itiun ; and we
• of'k in vain so any upposi.ion from Massa
chns-nts :o Georgia.
Theo, it's being tho cs«e—this being the
provision of the cons'itutien, soon after COll
- had orgainzed, m General Washington’s
time, it was found necessary to pass a law to
csrry ’.hat provision of the eons'itution into
effect, fchich a law was prepared and
1: was prepared by a gomlemati from a North
ern sfa,e. It is said i. was tirawn by Mr.
Ca ci, of Massaehujeite. It was supported
by him and by Mr Goodhue, and by Mr.
Bedgw:ck, of Ma-ueach-iset a, and generally t»y.
a* 1 think, all lhe free steles. Tntre v»as hard
ly a ten'h of all the votes again't it, if I right
iv remember I r went into opcra:ion. and
lor a time, it satisfied the jus rights and ex
peotariou* of wory body. That law provided
that its enactments should be carried into ef
fect mainly by stale magistrate:, j istircsoftbo
peace, jn lgt-3 ot atale courts, sheriffs of n'«’e
counties and o her organa ot a:a«e autho i’y.
So t. in«s went on without loud complaints
from any quarter until come fifcun years
ago. when »otne of the states—the free ?taies
—though* it proper for the n topisi laws pro
hibiting lh?ir own magistrates ami officers
from executing tnis lav/ of Congress, under
heavy p?mri>ies, a:id refusing to the United
States uathoriues the use of their pri-ona for
the detention of persons arrested ns fugitive
•lives, 'i’ha. i* to say, these states passed
ac.s defeating the law of Congress as far aa
war in their power. Those of tnem to which
I ref'r—n >t all but several —nuhiffed the law
cf *93 entirely. They said —‘-We will not
execute it. No runaway slave shall be restor
ed.” Thus the law became a de.id letter —
an entiredexd letter- Bji h ro was die con
stitutioncl c« mp«c\ nevertheless, still binding ;
here was the stipulation as so emu as words
could form it, and which every member of
Congress every officer of lhe general govern
went, every officer of lhe six e g >vernments,
from governors down to had sworn
to anpper*. Well, uuder this state of things,
i«i 1850, i -.’•as of opinion that common jus icc
and good faith called up «u us to nnkv a law
fair, rnH«oi»4ble, rqui:ahlo, j :rt—that should
be caloirivted to carry this constitu’ional pro
vision into effect, and give the 8 «»ithern
states what ;hey were enti led to. and what
it was intended originally they should receive
—that Is, a fair right to recover their fugitives
from service from the states tn o which they
had fl-id. I was of opinion that it wis the
bounden d.Hy of Congress to pass such a law.
The So uh insisted that they had a right loir,
and I thought they properly so insisted, it
was no concession —no yielding of anything
—no giving of anything. When called on
to Inlfi! a compact, ’he q-ieationis ; will you
fulfil ? And. for one, 1 was ready. I will
fulfil it by sny fair and reasonable act of le
gisiaiion. New, the law of 1850 had two ob
je<ts, both of winch were accomplished by it.
Firs’, it was to make the law mere favorable
for’he fugitive than the law of 1793 It did
so. because it call-id for a record, undersea!,
from a Court in the state from which the fugi
tive might have come, proving and ascertain
ing that he was a fugitive, so hat nothing
should be left when pursued into * free state,
but to produce the proof of his iden ity.
Next, it secured a higher tribunal, and it
piaced the power in more responsible hands.
The J;idg?s of the Supreme and Dis net
Courts of the United Stales, and learned per
sons appointed by them a* commissioners,
were to see to tha execution of the law.
Therefore it was a more favorable law, in all
rtspda. te the fugitive, than tho law passed
mid ;r General Washington's administration
in '93.
Now, 'et me say that this law has been dis
cu«*ed. considered and adjudged in a great
many of the triouna’s of tho country. l r has
been ’die subject of discussion before judges
of (tie Supreme Court of the United Stales;
tho subject of discussion before courts the
most rr spectacle in tne s.ates- Everywhere—
on all occasion< • and by all judges, it has
been hoiden to be, and pronounced <n be, a
coiHtitui. uil law. 8o say Judges McLean,
Nelson. W ndbury, and ail the rest of the
judges, as Hr 1 know, on the bench of the
Supremo Ci»urt of the United Stales. So
says the un inimous opinion of Massachusetts
b.era?if. *-xpressed by a* good a court a* ever
sat in Masaaehusetts-—ts present Supreme
Cour; ; unani.uousiy and without halation.
.And so says every body.eminent for learning,
a.id causa uu *nai law ar.d good judgment,
wiinout opposition, without lutermix'ure of
dugout, or diff'HreLC© ol judicial opinion any
where. Ard I hops I tcay be indu ged on this
occasion geuriemen. pirdy on nccounc of a
high persona! regard, and parity for the excel
iei.ca and ability of ihe production, to rtftr
you all toa recent very short opinion of Mr.
Prentice, the D.strict Judge of Vermont.
( Appiauio ) True, thactse bJore him did
not turn so much on the question of the con
s'KUt-onalify of th;s hw, as the uncoDsuiution
ahly and illegality, and u :rr inadm ssii iiity,
of ihe noi’un cf private in*n and political
bod.es se.ting up their own whims or their
own opinion* above it; on trie idea of the
h her law tha' ens’s so me.vne re between us
and the third heaven, I n ver knew exactly
where. (Cries of good, and langhter.)
AB judicial opinions ire in favor of thislaw.
Y»»u cannot find a man in the profession in
New York, whose neorue reaches thirty
pounds a year, who will stake his profenioual
reputation ou an opinion against it If he
does, his reputation is not worth tne th.r.y
pounds, (Renewed laughter.) And yet this
law is opposei—violent;y opposed—not by
bringing t ««q .es ion into c urt; laese lovers
of burnan liberty—these friends of the slave—
the fugitive ed a veg—do not put their hands in
their pockets and oraw funds to conduct law
suits, and try tne quenioa—mey are not m that
habit much. (Lighter) That is not the
way they show their devotion to liberty of any
kind. But they meet and pa«s resolutions—
they resol-e mat the law is oppressive,
and should not b? executed a;any rate or un
der any circumstances h has said in the
states us New York. Mawacha*ot s and Ohio,
over and over again, that the 'aw shall not be
executed. Teat was the of a con
vention io Worcester, in Massachusetts; in
Syracuse, New York and elsewhere. And
tor this they pledge their lives thoir fortunes
and their sacred honor? (Laarhter.) Now,
gentle men. these proceedings—l it upon
my professional repii abon—are d s inctly trea
Is. r»able Resolntious passed in Ono, certain
resolutions in New York, and in the cunven
tienahe«(i r.i Boston, are distinctly -reisonab e.
A d ihe act ol taking away Sbadrach from the
public authorities in Boston and tending him
off. wsinaM of ciear treason. 1 speak tb’s
in the bearing of m-u wno are lawyers—{
speak i. o»t to t;e country—l say it every
where, on my professional reputation. It was
treason, and nothing else—that is to say, if
mm get togatner. and comb na together, and
resolve that they will oppose a law of tne gov
ernment, not in any one case, bat in aii cases—
I I-ay, if they resolve to tyjiist the law, whoev
>- er niav be attempts I to, bo made the subject of
e it, and carry that purpwioto effect, by resist
e ing the application <>’ ‘h : law in any one cass
e either bv force of arms,.or by force of num
hers, that, s>r. is tro»on. (Turning to Mr.
Spencer, and speaking‘with emphasis.) You
> know it well —(Continuing to address Mr.
j Spencer ) Tna resolution itself, unacted on,
is not treason —it only manifests a treasonable
i purpose When tl is purpose is proclaimed
■ —and it is prochimed bat it will be carried out
i in all oases—and is carried into effect, by force
• of arms or numbers, in any one case, that con
stifutes a cn<»o of levying war against the U
ni >n, and if it were necessary, I (tight cue in
idusttalion the case of John Fries convicted in
Washington a time, f° r bfo ng concerned in the
whiskey insurrection in Pennsylvania. Now,
various are the arguments, a nJ various he
efforts, to denounce this law—to oppose its ex
ecution—to keep it op »sa question of agita
lien—and they are asdivar*« as the varied inge
unity of man, and the aepemof such questions
when they come before the public. And a
common Ching it is 10 say that (he law is odi
ous—that it cannot be executed, and will not
ba executed. That has always been ssid by
:hose who do not mean it shall be executed —not
by any body el»e. They aesumo the fact that
it cannot be executed, to make that true which
ihey wish shall turn out to be true- They
wi-h that it shall not be executed, and, there
fore, announce to all mankind that it cannot
bs executed.
When public men and tha conductors of
newspapers of influence and authority, thus
deal with tha subject, they deal unfairly with it
Those who have types al command, have a
perfect right to express their opinions; bull
doubt their right to express opinions as facts
I doubt whether they have a right to eay—not
aa a matter of opinion, but of fact—hat this
particular law is so udigUßhore and elsewhere
that it cannot be exec*. uiy proves
ilwt they m of opinieiKat not; that
they hope it msy not be executed, rneydo
not say, “See if any wrong ib inflicted on any
body by it; 1 hope to find in its operation no
wrong or injury to anybody. Let us give it a
frir experiment/’ Do any of them hold that
language? Notone. “ The wish is father to
the thought.” Ihey wish that it may not be
executed, and therefore they say it can not and
will not be executed. That is one of the
modes of pre en ing the case to the people:
ana in my opinion, h is not quite a fair mode
of doing it. There are other forms and mod?s;
and I might omit to notice tha blustering aioli
lion societies of Boston and elsewhere, aa un
worthy of regard: but there are other forms
more insidious and equally efficacious; there
are men who say, when you talk of amending
that law, that they hope it will not b« touched.
You talk of attempting it, and they dissuade
you. Tney aay, •* Lei it remain as obroxious
«*.s it can e, and eo much tne sooner it will din
gus-.. and ba detested by the who e communi
ty ”
I am ashamed to say that such sentiments
hare been avowed bv those in Massachusetts,
who ought to te utterly ashamed —utterly
ashamed—to ut er such opinions. For, wh-st
do they mean? They mean to make the law
obnoxious so obnoxious that it shall not be ex
eeuted. But still they suggest no other law;
they oppose all amendment; oppose doing
anything that shall make it less dis s»teful.
What do they mean? They and they
kno v it. that the’e shall exist no law whatever
fur carrying into effect this provision us lhe
constitution of the country if they can prevent
it. They wish to strike it out; ’.o annul it
They oppose it in every possible f trm short of
personal resirsnee, or incurring personal dan
ger, and to do ffiia, they say the worse the law
is the better. They say we have now a topic,
rind lor m rev’s sake don’t amend the horrible
few of 1650. (Laugh-er.) Then, again, they
a*y, ‘ Wt: are for an eternal agination and dis
cussion of thisquesiion ; ’he people cannot be
bound by it Every member of Congress has
the right o move the repeal of this as well as
any other taw ” Who does not know thia ?
A member «nu-t act according lo his own di?-
c ret tori. No doubt *e has a right to-morrow,
if Congress were in session, to move a repeal
of tne fugitive slave law; but this takes with it
another.
He has just as much right to move to tear
down the capk'd. until one stone shall not be
hf. on another—just as much riib. to move to
ditbarid the army, and to throw the ordnance
at;d aims into the sen. He has j’l-'t as mueh
right to move that all ti.e s h pe of war of the
United States ohnl be coll-cte I and burned ;
an iduininahon like ’hat which lit up the walls
of ancient Troy. He may do any of these
thing-. The question is, isle prutent, wise
—a tr al friend - f ihe country, or adverse to it ?
That all. And u giealer question lies be
hind—will the po pie support him in it? I<
it the result of the good sense of the Northern
people that the question shall have neither
rest nor quiet bu idrall be constantly kept upon
a topic of agitation? I can not d c:d« this
ques ion for the people but leave them to du
so. .And aow, gentlemen, this is a serious
q‘lestion —whether lhe co-h! itulion cnta be
maint ined in part and not in whole ?—wheth
er ;bose interested in the preservation of one
part ot it, finding liteir interests in that par
ticular atandoueJ, are nut likely enough,
according io a I the experience of human leel
ing, to discard that portion which was intro
duced, not fcr their benefit, but for tho bene
fit of others ? That is the question. For one.
I coufera, I do not see any reasonable prospect
of inaiutaioing the constitution of the Uuited
S ates. un!e«s we maintain it as a whole—im
partially, honorably, patriotically. Gen-lemon.
I am detaining you too long, but allow me a
few words on another subject.
The constitution of the United States con
rista in a series of mutual agreements or com
promises—one thing beiug yielded by the
South, another by the North ; the general
mind hiving beeu brought ’ogether, mid the
whole agreed to, as I have said, as a senes ol
compromises. Well, gentlemen, who dues
.ot see that? Hid the North no particu ar
interest to be regarded and protected? Hal
the North no iuteres’ ? Was nothing yielded
by lhe South io the Nonh ? Gentlemen, you
are prmid citizous of a great commercial
stete You know that New York ships float
over the whole world, and bring abundance of
riches to your own shores. You know that
this is the result of the commercial policy of
lhe United S-.ates—and of he commercial
power vested in Congress by the constitution.
And how was this commerce established—by
what constitutional provisions and for whose
benefit ? The South was never a commercial
country. Ti e plantation stales were never
commercial. Their interest always was, as
they thought, what they think it to be now.
free trade—lhe unrestricted admission of
f reiguers in competition in all branches of
business with our own people. Bu what
did they do?—they agreed to form a govern
ment that should regu ate commerce according
io the wan’s and wishes of lhe Northern
States, and when tho constitution went into
operation, a commercial system was actually
estab.hhed, on which rose up the whole
gory of New York and New England.
(Applause.)
Well, w 1 at did Congress do under a North
ern lead with Southern acquiescence ? What
did it do ? It protected the commerce cf New-
York and the Eastern states, first, by a pre
ference. byway of tonnage duties, and that
higher tonnage on foreign ships has never
been surrendered to this thy, bui in conside
rs ion of a just equivalent; so in that respect,
without grudging or coinp'.aiui on the part of
he South, but generously and fairly, not by
way of concession, bu* iu the (rue spirit of the
constitu ioB, the commerce of New York was,
and the Nt w England states were, protected
by he provision of the conrituiiou .o which I
have referred. Bit that is not all.
Friend* ! Fellow-ciuzens ! Men of New
York? Does thi* country not now extend
from Mane to Mexico, and beyond? and
have we not a state beyond Cape Horn, be
longing nevertheless to us as ; art of our
commercial system? And what does New
York enjoy ? What do Massachusetts and
Maine enjoy ? They enjoy an exclusive right
of carrying on the coasting irade from s ate
to state, on die At antic and around Cape
Horn to the Pacific. And that is a most higb’y
important branch of business, and source of
wealth and emo’utnent—of comfort and good
living. 1: is tl is exclusive right to the coasting
trade which the Northern states possess, which
war granted to them, which they have ever
held, and which up to thia day mere has been
no attempt to rescue from them. It is this
which hie employed so much tonnage and so
miny men. Now, what would you *ay in this
dav of the prevalence of notions of free trade
what wtiuld you say i< the South and the
Wes were to join together io repeal this law ?
And ttey hav the votes to do it to-morrow.
What would you say if they ehauid join bauds
and say that the-e men cf the N >f h and New
England, who put this slight on their intere«:s.
s’ ail enjoy this exclusive privilege no longer ?
That they will throw it all open and invite tne
Dane, the Sv ede, the Hamburger, and all the
♦ ommercial canons us Europe who will carry
cheaper, to come in and carry good« frum
N-w York coastwise on the Atlantic, ard to
Ca.i.b’nia ou the Pacific ? Wtiat do you say
to that ?
Now gentlemen, toes© hive been a
thousand ’.lines sugge-ted, perhaps, bui if there
is anything Dew in them.! nope t miy ba re
girded. But whit was said in Syracuse and
Boston; it wm this—’You set up profit
-gains; conscience; you se* up the means of
living—we go for conscience. (Liughter.)
That"is a Sight of fanaticism. All 1 have to
answer is. that if *bat we propose is right,
fair, just, and stands well w.th a conscience
not enlightened with thoee high flight® of fxuey
it i« none ths worse for being profitable,
that it do* s not nr ke a thing bad which is good
in itself ’f yea and I can live on it. and our
i cti.ldren can l»e supported aud educated by it
if lhe compact of the consti’atiun is fair, and
i was fairly-entered io’O, it is none the worse,
one should think. f° r , - 3 having been found
i useful. (R-newed applause ) Gentlemen,
I believe, in Cromwell sti ne—for lam not
, vary fresh in my recoliectioue of that historic
> period—l have had other thing* to do than
i some of vou younger men that love to look
s into the io*uuc ive histo y of that age—but I
I brink it was in Cromwell** t;me ; that there
- sprang up a race es saints wno called ihetn
s -elves'-fifih monarchy men ’—a happy feli
f citous, glorious people they were ; fer theu
i had practiced so many virtues, they were e
- enlightened, so perfect, that they got to be, in
- the language of tbit day, above ordinances
That is the higher law of this day exictlv.
I (Liugh er.' Lis the old doctrine of the sis h
- monaichy men of Cromwell’s time revived.
They were above ordinance; walked about
firm and spruce, ee-f sa isfied, thankful to God
that they were not as other mon, but had at
-1 tained so far to salvation as to be above ordi
. nances. (Renewed laughter.)
> Gentlemen, we live under a constitution. It
’ has made us what we are. What has carried
I tho American flag all over the world? What
has constituted that unit of commerce ibat
wherever the stripes and stars are «een they
signify that it is America, and united America 1
What is it now that represents us so respecta
bly all over Europe? in Lindon at this mo
ment. and ail over lhe world ? What is it bat
the result of those commercial regulations
which united us all togot er, and made our
commerce—the same commerce which made
all the states, New York, Massachusetts,
South Carolina—in the aspect of our foreign
relations, lhe earn? country, without division,
distinction, or seperation. Now, gentlemen,
this was tha original design of the constitution
We. in our day. must see to it —and it will be
equally incumbent on yon, my young friends
of Albany, to see that this spirit is made to
pervade t.ie whole administrat on us the Gov
ernment. The constitution of the United
S ates 10 keep us un led, to keep flowing in
our h ar s a fraternal feeling, must be admin
istered in the spirit in which it wa< framed
And if I wished to exhibit the spirit of the
constitution in its living, speaking, animated
r form, I would refer always —always—to (he
administration of lhe first President, George
Washington (Vehement cheering.) And if
I were now to draw the idea of a patriot-Preii
dent, I would draw his master-strokes and
copy his design; I would present his picture
before me as a constant study for life; I would
present his policy—alike liberal, just, narrow
ed down to no sectional interests —bound to
no personal objects—held to no locality—but
broad aud gtroe; ■
is the air, which IB wafted by lhe winds of hea
ven from one part of the country to another.
I would draw a picture of his foreign policy
—just, s eady, stately, but witbai proud, and
lofty, and glorious. No man could say in his
day that the broad escutcheon of the nouor of
the Union could receive injury or damage, or
even contumely or disrespect, with impunity.
His own character gave character to the fo
reign relations of lhe country. He upheld
every interest of h : s country in even (he proud
est nations of Europe, aud while resolutely
just, he was resolutely determined that no
plume in the honor ofihc country should ever
be de r ac 4 d or taken from i s proper position
by any power on earth. Washington was
cautious and prudent—uo self-seeker—giving
information to Congress according to the con
atitution, on all questions, when necessary,
with fairness and frankness— claiming nothing
for himself—exorcising his own righto, and
preserving die dignity of his sta'ion, but t&kiiHi
especial card to execute the Jaws as a para
mount duty, and in such manner as to give
satisfaction to every tody, aud ro be subser
vient to that end. Aud it was always remark
ed of his administration that he filled the court
of juszice with lhe must spotless integrity, the
highest talent and the purest virtue; and bene
it became a common saying, running through
all classes of society, that our great security is
iu the learning and integrity of the judicial
tribunals This high character they justJv
possessed, and continue lo possess in an emi
nent degree from the impress which Washing
ton stamped on these tribunafe al their first or*
ganzatrou.
Gent emeu—A patriot president of the Uni
ted States is lhe guardian—the protec or, lhe
friwnd of every citizen in them. Ho should
be and he is no man’s persecutor —no man’*
enemy, but the supp irurand the protector of
all an I every citizsn ao far as his supp .rt and
protection depend on hi ■ faithful execution of
the laws. But there s especially one great
idea whic Washington presents aud which
governed and which should govern every man
in i.ign office, who means to resemble Wash-
ington ; that i- the duty of prenerviug the gov
ernment, of suffering—so far as depends on
him—no one branch to interfere with a. other,
and no power to be assumed not belonging to
e ch, anu none abandoned, wh.cb pertains t.»
each: but to preserve and carry it on for tho
benefit of the present and future genet.“.’.ions
Gentlemen, n w;*e and prudent thipmaster
make* it his first duty to preserve the vessel
thu carries him and his property and uassen
gers—io keep her afloat —to conduct her to
her destined port vithent're secori’y of pro
perty and life; that i* his first object, aui tbir.
should bo the object and is of every Chief
.Magistrate of the Uni ed States, who has a
proper appreciation of his duty It is to pre
serve tho consutution which bears him,—which
sustains thogovernment, w.thout which every
thing goes to the bottom — o p e.-erve that and
keep it to the utmost ol Lis ability off the rocks
and shoals, and away from the quick watidi—to
preserve that, he exercises th*j caution of the
experienced ship master. He suffers nothing
io betray bis watchfiilness, or to draw him
aside from the great interest commit'.ed to hi,
care and the great object in view :
“Tho* pleased to see the dolphin* ploy>
He min is his campus and his way;
And oft he throws the wary lead,
To see what dangers may Le hid,
f t he'm he makes his r,.«son »itj
His crew oi passions all submit,
Thus he steers hts b-irge and sa ls
On upright keel, and meet' ths gaio!”
Now, gentlemen, a patriot president acting
from the impulses of this h'gh and honorable
purpose, may rea h what Washington reached,
lie may contribute to raise high the public
prosperity, to help to fi’i up the measure of his
countryglory and renown; and h« may he
able to find a rich reward in the thank fulness of
the people,
“And read his history in a nation’s eyes.”
Mb. Webster’s Speeches—At ro period of
his life heretofore his Mr. Webster displayed
more of the quahries of a great orator than now.
Hisspee'h son his recent tour to the North,
though referring to one general subject, have the
charm of infinite variety; and while they
abound in matter to suggest and to exercise the
profount est reflection, they appear at the same
time to be the unstudied effusions of the moment
and of the occasion. The following fiom a
speech of his at Syracuse, is in his happiest
manner, and it has further interest of communi
cating some particulars of his earliest history
—Badimore American.
It has so happened that all the nublic servi
ces which I have rendered in the world, in mv
day and generation, h ive been connected with
the General Government. I think I ought to
make an exception. I was ten days a i. ember
of the Massachusetts Leg’slature, [laughter,]
and I turned my thoughts to the search of some
good object in which 1 could be useful in that
position -and after much reflection, I introduced
f* bill which, with the general consent of both
houses of the Massachusetts Legislature passed
into a law—and is now a law'of the State —
wh chenacts noman in th ’State shall catch trout
in any other way than with the ordinary hook
aid line. [Great laughter ] With that excep
tion, 1 never was connected for an hour with
any State Government in my life. I neverheid
any office, higher low, under any State Govern
ment. Perhaps that was n y misfortune.
At the age of thirty, 1 wasin New Hampshire
practising law—and had some clients.
The Governor of the State, John 1 aylor Gil
man, thought that a youth and young man, as I
was, I might be fit to bean Attorney General of
tne State of New Hampshire, and he nomina
ted me to the Council, and the Council taking it
into their deep consideration, and not happening
to be of the sam politics of the Governor and
myself, voted three out of five, mat I was not
competent. (Laughter.)
So you see. genii- men. I never gained promo
tion in any State Government.
Gentleman, to be serious, my life has been a
life of severe labor in my profession, and all the
portion I could spare of th.it labor, from the sup
port of my famiiv and myself, has been devoted
to the consideration of sub eels connected with
the general history of the country—the constitn
tion of the country—the Confederation out of
which the Constitution arose -all the history ot
the Congresses which hive aasemb ed befnc and
s nee the format!? ’ of that Constitution -and
in short,if I have learned anything, or know
anything.—and 1 agree it is very lit ie—what I do
know, and whit I do understand, so far as I un
dr rstand anything; is the Constitut on of the
United States, the h story of its format! n and
the history ol its administration under Gene
cral Washington and from that time to this.
Thi North and thk South —if men were
not unduly anxious to be wwe beyond what is
written, and to he righteous overmuch, if they
would content themselves with doine the best
they can under the cireumst>ccee »f their po
sition, and no; seek a control where they have
no responsibility ; above all, if they would
practice upon tbd simple rule ot mind ng ’heir
own bu-iness. and indulge io the charity of be
lieving that other people were equally ccmpe
tent to manage lheire —the unfortunate agi ; a
non of the slavery question which has caused
so much trouble. would subside of iiwelf, end
both sections of the Union would ba left tree to
pursue each ns own pecu iar coarse of indus
try and production, and both would find mu
lual b uefi in suzh freedom.
Trie prop'.e of the North, however, »he ag'-
tating portion of them, seem to regard it as a
privilege of birthright to denounce ’he iavtitu
rion of slavery, h is true they have nothing
whatever iodo with it; it doe* no: exit- among
them now, although it did once; and perhaps
they assume to themselves a superior degree o
light ana of virtue became the Da tare of their
cumate and soil rendered the continuance cf
slavery amr.ogtr.cm unprofitable, and therefore
iu qunous. They can manntseture cotton, the
product of s ave labor, without having their
conscience lorn by the machinery of the mills
They know very well that without slave labor
they would get no cotton; yet, plain and cer
tain as this fact is, tney have hitherto adm : ed
it only in me head; it bss not reach© ■ the
pockeL When it shall once touch he sensitive
I nerve in that region, we may expect to see the
. abohlioni-ts of New England more forlorn
[ than were the witches of the colonial days.—
Fugitive sieves would be rejected like lepers,
i and be told to go home and grow cotton.
We make these remark* in connec'ion with
i the following extract from a commnnic<tion in
t the Washi gton Union, under ’.he head o’ Ed-
I itor’s corre-poadence from New York. It is
J worth* of Dv»te that anything should appear in
that journal cooamenda'ory of Mr Webster
without some accompanying disparagement:
■* The great error of our northern eta : esm*n and era
I tors, who are sus.aimDg the cause cf me Uci<’3 with
n I their voiees and toeir pens, is that, byway of eo®-
). ' cession tc the prqadUea of those whoa* they are ad-
June. /?/ l&5l
dressing upou the agitating topic <1 aiu*tiy, thov are
j in the habit of gratuitous y adml- Ung that, it is an
evil, or denouncing it as a sin, w.ul» they deprecate
all interference with ft as unconstitutional or inexpe
dient. Mr. W sbstm-, in hi. latter effurta, ha« to u
i great extent avoided thia practice, and thus allowed
' ; the wuote force of hie mighty logic and fervent elo
quence to fdi upon lhe minds of Ids hearers, without
at lhe s-une time furnishing litotn with a shield
wherewith to parry tho effects ol lhe blow. His ad
dress to the young raeu of Albany was not only most
admirable in its manner, end persuasive in its train
of reasoning, but it presented our federal relations in
a new and impressive point of view.
New to a great extent —wo mean to the people cf
thia section of the country—(tor, white we are vary
fond of talking of the concessions we hove made and
ore mailing te tha routh there are but few who can
take into consideration or are aware of tho conces
sions the South has made to us—concessions of im
measurable value, coeval with the formation of the
government, and continued to this .day)—Mr. Web
ster’s reotaiks upon this sir jent are worthy of being
treasured iu the memory of every one wh t is desirous
of appreciating the true worth of lhe Un ten iu all its
bearings, what we owe to it, and h ;w strenuously we
ought to defend it.
He shows conclusively that to the establishment of
our commercial system—which could not have been
established without the assentol lheSouth, and which
assent she most magnaniuiou tly granted, though
against what sba conceived to be her own best inte
rests—the North and East owe, to a very great ex
■ent, the r present inetcantile pre erninenee and gen
eral prosperity. He proves that 0/ this system, whi.b
is by no menus essential to the welfare of the South
ern States, but even as they believe, iu a measure
letrimental lo them, New York and New England
engross nearly the whole coasting and carrying trade
! on both s,.ies of the continent; that by it our great
; Allan tic cities have been fostered and sustained until
f tbey already vie with the proudest commercial marts
. in the Old World, and our people have become
| wealthy and independent with a rapidity beyond all
s example in ancient and modern times.
Past aud Present.
, It is now apparent to every reflecting man
t that tbs disunion party of ibis State intend to
. make a dn.ape/.te ral y the 000.101 eontost,
and gairi if possible tbs political phwer and
control of Georgia. In order to efleet this,
nothing will be left unsaid or undona that can
advance the prospects of desperate men or
brighten tho fortunes of an alm.st hopeless
combination of defeated malcontents. Beaten
1 from every position formerly assumed, and
maddeaed by an overthrow as complete as it
was unexpected, the leaders in the contemp
tible crusade against tha Government have
been compelled to pause in their career of
folly, and look out for some new path which
may peradveuture lead to future success.
Where to Cud that path, however, seems to
be tho great difficulty. How to deceive the
people into the belief that nothing of mis
chief was aver intended, and that the former
plotters will, if promoted to office, prove lhe
future patriots ot the Suite, is now the great
ditflcutiy. The past history of the enemies
of the Union cannot be obliterated. Tha
people will not forge; the Nishvillo Conven
tion, nor will oblivion rest very soon on the
movemeuts of certain men in Georgia during
the past year.
Aithnugti it may be unpleasant to the feel
ings of some, it mav nevertheless be profltable
to all to recur occasionally to tne past in or
der lo judge what may be looked for hereafter.
A short year ago and the sentiment of dis
union apparently pervaded the entire heart of
the boasting, bragging and intolerant disjuion
ists of tne State. Under the plausible guise
of protecting the rights of the South, they
attempted, and in soma sections did rally ail
the elements which when successfully putin
motion resuit in revolution, civil war aud
na'iooal dissolution Tna penalties of treason
were threatened against any man who would
not Join in the unholy crusade. Tue terrors
of the halter, the disgrace which attaches to a
felon’s baniabmeut. the loss of property by
confiscation, wore all spoken of as if it were
treason for a man to love his whole country,
and criminal for him to eling with hope and
reverence to the altars erected by his immor
tal ancestors.
We do not, of course, know what may ba
the feelings of onr frien Is towards iho instiga
tors and prime movers in the concerted plan
of di-solution tu which wo have referred, and
to which every man's mind will in a women
recur. But this we think wu may safely assert,
that no man who thinks or ever thought that
the Union ought to be dissolved for existing
causes or that Georgia should secede from
her 58 er States for any thing yet d ine by th n
Government is fit to cooirol the destines of
thin people. /Are we mistaken in this opinion
a* io the senrimente of our fellow citizens ?
M it true that the madmen of the last rear can
deceive the people of ih s. and in.rice them be
iieve that the danger is passed and that it is
time to fall back on old, obsolete and worn out
issues? However pressing end profitable
such infatuation might be to our opponents,
it wou’d nevertheless argue a want of com
mon sense on the par: of cor friends, which
their p*.srt conduct has not exhibited.
These remarks bring us to the present. &c
tnal, existing state of things. The past is
remarkable The inuvememsof tho disunion
isl, when they thought they were strong
enough to ctunli all opnosition. is yet fresh
in the minds of all. Then they were for
immediate dieoluiioD* the government was a
curse, the friends of the Union were traitors,
and all the 'errors inssperable from the crime
of treason were to be vi.rited on the Submis
sionists How changed the tone now ? How
have there valiant champions of £ontheru
R'ghts, these exclusive guardians of this
rumed section lowered their tune and hauled
down their lolly flag of defiance! They
were brave enough when they imagined the
people were with them. N ithing then wai
100 desperate to be adventured, nothing then
was too perilous to be undertaken. The
Union was to be rent arunder, a Southern
Confederacy was to be formed, the stars and
tripes were to be pulled down arid trampled
under tho feet of these sprigs of modern
chivalry.
How standstie matter now? A conven
tion of -hese fiery patri ts assembled a week
or i*o since, in convention, to nominate a can
didate so» governor, and lay down a new plat
lor n. Did »hoy venture to re-feffi-m any of
their doctrines of last summer? Did they
dare speak of Disunion, and Banishment, and
CONFISCATION, words and threa s former
ly belched forth like < tea in from a boning
furnace ? Oh no! The resolutions of ’9B,
moderate abuse of the compromise, and a few
other tender-footed ideas were enough. Even
the far famed 36.30 or fight, by which every
man s political orthodoxy was last year tried,
was kicked out of the platform with un
ceremonious ha:dheartedneiis. Well, th* ques
tion now comes directly before the people
of the 8 ate, can they be deceived by such
stuff? Can the intelligent voters of Georgia
men who love the government of the country,
and who are determined to eave it if p« ssibie
from the ru n which evil men are preparing
for it, can such men, we say, be humbugged by
any such fellows ? Whv, what does the ricke
ty and disjointed concern amount to 1 Simply
to this. The fire-eaters want toe political
power of the State, and are willing to adopt
any creed, and stand go any platform that will
► ecure them the desired object. Is this not as
plain as the light of the son ?
But we ceme a step nearer tha reality of
things and proofs as they are presented in the
movements of our opponents. Who were
delegates tn the convention alluded to above?
D-d you ever no ice, tnst (he most furious fire
eators of the past year were s-iected from
every county to nominate a candidate for Go
vernor? And have you discovered that ibey
selected the min whose every feeling, and
every wish, and every principle, is in conso
nance with theirs? Why did they not mike
choice of some moierate mart of the party, if
there bn any such. H«w is it that the head of
>he Na»hv>ile couven’ionis a is selected to lead
on the forlorn troop* of the late disnnio'iisis ?
Why is the man whopresidsd ov«r the Macon
Convention ia>t summer, when ;he al'usimi to
the glorious stripe* and *:ars was drowned in
the loud clamor for disunion, picked up now
ks the special champion of our opponents?
It is to in«ult th.a friends of the Union by an
effort to place in the Executive Chair a man
who is ready and anxiuusto carry out a'l the
plans of the fire ea’ers h can be for nothing
else
Well, this brings ns to the can they
eke: him 7 Surelv they can if •ur friends fold
iheir arms in fiinc.ed security and live and act
in the belief that a>i will be r’ght without en
effort. Here lies the whole and only danger
«u the contest of la«t year the Constitutional
Union Party triumphed Oy au overwhelming
majori y, the disuni'miats wore bea’.en into a
pretended abandonment cf their principles,
and int-.D’ions, end tney come forward now as
!>uiu ng their old political garment* ant? dis
gaisitxg their real purpose* in fu:nre Tbev
must be met now, as formerly, with an active,
z-.a’ous and united deiarminauon io defeat
them again. friend of »be comoidu
country, every man who fee’s that the goveru
ment and constitution are worth piuserving, t
every treemao who dreads the horrors of civil f
.ommotioo. intestine war, an J ruin snonld 2
buckle on his armor and come into the ecutaa
with ’he spirit which can alor© m.-ora success.
Tr o Hea that there is i.o danger, that we are
strong enough o win thedsy without an eiiort,
oiuat be discarded at once. We have to Gcal
witn opponeu a ever ac’ive and enterpn-mg,
always willing to work even iu a bnd cause,
and w.jo are smarting under the recoliecuon o
past events. Tney will fight with desperation
as well as diligence, and must be tn*-: wi»b an
energy, a fineness, and zeal com me osu rate
with their own. Oar triumph last fail waa not
worth achieving, if now *e lie d’wn in fan
cied security and lose by defeat all the honor,
and g'orj, Mid benefit, which resulted from i’.
W’e placed our State m a p’oud. secure, and
coajmantimg attitude ; let us k-_-ep her there by
iearietsly sustaining oar principles and tri
umphantly elec ing uur men — ColunJ/ue E*q
Influx of Gold—lt is fortunate for the
Uni’ed Suites that the mines of California
coatinne to y eld immense quantities of the
precious metal, for otherwise we should be
speedily diained of specie by the large expor
tauons whicn are iak ng place weekly from
New York ’o pay for goods imported from
Europe. This drain mu?’, continue so long es
our impora’ions of goods shall so greatly
exceed our txpor’a'.ions of domestic produces.
The d ff-rence hie heretofore been paid off
by the transfer of stocks ; but must be here- I
al’er me: with specie. Indeed, it is a pre
vai inr opinion that our sole reliance to pre
vent a monetary panic is m the mines of Cali
fornia, or such a change in the rates of duties
as buaii cneck importations and promote do-
■ mesuc manufactures.—Ja&aiera Clipper.
V UL.LXV —NEW SERIES VOL.XV-NO. 25-
“ Thk Namkleo CosviNTiotr.—We last weet
a published, without c ‘tnmsnt, says tho Journal
!r Mtomngor, the pt < teediogs of a Conven
i ■ tion of persons who assured aud professed
no principles, except thore of hostility to the
• ' national Union. It appears the delegates
represented so many factions rofessiogso
1 many shades ofopinion, that it was impossible
1 to fix upon any common appellation.
Some of them insisted that the party should
’ be known as the Democratic party, some as
the Republican Southern Rights party. Oth
era possessing more facile consciences were
willing to ba knows as the Democratic South
ern Rights party, or the Republican Southern
Rights party. A majority of the Convention
were willing to assume the latter name, but
the minority were unyielding ; so that after
hours of discussion, it was agreed that they
should assume no name, or rather any, name
that was best calculated to deceive and delude
the people.
We may safely conclude that the new party
will be known in one county as the Dem
ocratie party j in anot her, as the Southern
Rights parly, and ao on to the end of the chap
ter. It is a kind of nultius filius— nobody’s
child, in other words the child of many father!,
d and therrfore entitled to take the name of each,
s or a'ithe guilty parents. A young and talen'e.l
0 friend from Augusta, with whom we met at Mil
11 ledgeville, amused us exceedingly by tracing
out the genealogy of the nameless bantling.
He contended that it was beneath the dignity
and did not deserve the consideration due to a
> nuUiut filiuf, that it was not a Democratic
• child, nor a Southam Rights child, but the
• slippery spawn of a midnight eascus, a kind
• of Siamese twin concern, the join product of
• South Carolina and he Nashville Convention
1 on the one hand, and of nullification and the
r Bulfrog Regency oa the other. He argued that
’ it was a political mouatrosity, hat ought to be
1 crossed with the Fejea mermaid or the woolly
' horse, and should be turned over by the people
to Ba’num on the earliest possible occasion.
Our friend was more than half right, there
was mere truth than poetry in his description
A party without a name, and of course without
principles, except those of hostility to the
government, cannot expoct to meet with either
the favor or respect of the people. It is a kind
or piratical concern, “a lang, law, black rak
ish looking schooner,'’that runs under every
flag and that is steady only in “ one unalter
able purpose,” and that is the destruction of
tho gallant ship of the Union, the indbenm:-
nate murder of its crew, and the seizure of
its valuable cargo.
In regard to such a party it is useless to
mince words. It h-:s not the manliness or the
hones y to throw out the plain flag of disunion
actuowleilged by South Carolina. It disp ays
lake colors, and therefore is eutitled to the pro
lection only of the laws whioa govern the bucca
neer. We warn lhe people of Georgia against
its purposes and luachina ions—weadjuro them
to place no confidence in its promises or pro
Tensions—to shun it as they would shun de
struction itself ; and to give neither “ aid nor
comfort to any who sympathize with its objects
or its aims. It has confessed itself unworthy
of public confidence and therefore dosetve*
nothing short of public condemnation.— Jour.
iMexs.
Diplomatic Salaries.— The British Govern
ment lias reduced tho salary of its Minister at
Peris from £IO,OOO to £B,OOO, leaving it still
nearly twice as large as the salary of the Presi
dent of the United States. Lord Palmerston, in
announcing this reduction to the House oi
Commons, took occasion to say, in justice to his
noble friend now occupying the post of Ambas
sador at Paris, that English travellers who go
to Paris must not expect to receive from him,
with his reduced salary, that very large extent of
hospitality which hitherto has been exercised as
a right on their part, and as a duty on his. In
the continua-ion of his remarks on this subject,
Lord Palmerston said :
The honuraMe gentleman says wo have an ex
ample in the United States. As they give only
£2OOO a year to their minister, 1 presume he
implies that something like that same scale
would be sufficient lor us. It is true that 1 have
staled to thv honorable gentleman that when an
American Envoy came into my room at the
Foreign Office to transact business, I never
measured the deference due to him or tne weight
to be attached to what he has to s.*»y, bv the
amount of salary be receives. | Hoar, hear.]
But you cann »t ask any impartial American
citizen whether the public service does not suffer
from the small allowance of salary assigned to
the minister, who will not tell you that they are
inconveniently low and that they ought to be
increased. [Hear, hear ] We happen to have a
mo»tdistinguished citizen of the U. States, who
has an ample fortune of hi* own, and who lives
in a manner honorable to himself and the coun
try which he represents. But there have been
at former times, representatives of the United
States in this country, whose position has b :en
painful to their own feelings. [Hear.] It has
been impossible for them to return those social
courtesies which every person in this country was
happy to manifest towards them ; and I think
it would not be satisfaciory to the feelings of
Englishmen, that their representa’-ives in for
eign countries should be compelled to be differ
ent from gentlemen residing in this country.
[Hear, hear J
Thia allusion to our country, remarks (he
Baltimore American, conveys a lesson in rebuke.
No man can hold the position of American Am
bassador to England or France, andriive accord
ing to the rank of his posit! m, unless he has
a private fortune of his own. The beggarly
allowance from the Government would not
suffice for a third rate grade of diplomatic liv
ing.
This subject was discussed in the Senate to
wards the close of the first session of the last
Congress, and without the intermingling of any
partizan prejudices or views it was agreed on all
hands, according to emphatic statements by
Mr. Webster and Mr. King, of Alabama, that
the dignity of the American Republic required
that its diplomatic representatives at the Courts
of great foreign nations should be more liberally
endowed with the means of hospitality and re
spectability of style than under the present sys
tem. The rational idea was advanced that in
steal of a uniform rate of allowance to all Min
iates of a certain grade it would be better to
regulate the salary according to the expenses of
living at particular capitals’. The Ambassador
to the English Court should receive more than
the Ambassador to France, the latter more than
the Ainb issador to Russia—and soon. This is
the English system, and it seems to be a veiy
proper one.
There is a prevailing notion, however, among
some who pretend to the extreme of economy,
that salaries paid to public functionaries are
after all nothing more than contributions of
plunder, and that the recipient ditlersfrorn e rob
ber only because he has been fortunate enough
to get hia hands into the public treasury under
the sanction of law. Uuiver.-al distrust: sus
picion blended with perpetual jealousy ; the un
dying grudge of a vindictive and a malignant
temper—these are the unsuitable characteristics
of that school which, judging mankind by the
standard ©fits own wretched m Hives and ideas,
can recognise nothing nobler or elevated in hu
man nature, but delights in perverting ail that
is relined, and pu/e, and excellent, and mag
nanimous, by the imputations of sordid, or sel
fish, or other mean considerations.
A nation never yet manifested a judicious
economy by stinting the salaries of its ambassa
d is or its judges. Profusion would save more
thin parsimony in both of these cases. The
services required are of the highest—not to be
appreciated or measured by a money vaiuation;
the men to discharge these great functions a
right should be superior mtn, worthy to be cn
trusted with the guardianship of a nation’s
honor and a nation’s justice. Their duties well
performed cannot be overpaid ; and the high
of their position ought to deter or Jin ry
aod inferior aspirants from the presumption of
looking even at a distance to the possibility of
their eter possessing such an elevated and re
sponsible station.
Another Sign in Mississippi.
The evidences that tho s of Mis
sissippi are doomed to an overwhelming de
feat, are almost daily accumulating. A few
days «ince we noriced the backing out o‘ Gen
Quitman from the recorded opinions of his
own message to the Legislature of that Stale—
a consequence, no doubt, of the force of public
opinion—and his purpose to yield thereto rath
er than longer attempt to enforce his treasona
ble views upon the consideration of an inteili
r gent, reflecting and patriotic people.
I This has been followed ny a strong and for
i cible le*ter from Gen. Robert Stanton, a
disringuifihed D3tn r crat of Adams county, ad
dressed “ to the President and members of the
Siaie Rights Associttion of that county,” de
dining the office of Vice-President, which had
been conferred on him by the Association
which is so characteristic of a bold, indepen
dent, intelligent and conservarive patriot, that
we subjoin an extract:
“ I ha»c duly considered the questions in eontro
versy, asd although a slrtsuou-* opp.scr of some of
the seat jres of tne while open for resist
auce. now that they hare tecoine the law of the land
I tin >n frvor of acquieseeing in its proruion?. W e
can gain nothin? by agitation, but, on the co. trary,
hazard much. Our domestic institution, wbica ha
been the “lone ot contention” eince the forma
tion of the Government, is must secure wh-jn furthest
removed trora ttets or National excitement. I shall
regard ihe da. s of slavery as oeing numbered when
ever it is made the basis of party organization. Ii
our eueles are determined to press u < to that point,
from wnich there can oe no retreat, tne entire South,
moved by a common feeling and a common interest,
w li meet the emergency iu a manly and becoming
manner. Tberef.re, let ub act njoderateiy. Be
sides, there is a war most extraordinary in its char
acter go ng on al th.B lime between these of our
Sort hern bre-.hren who reverence tbc Constitotioe
and tho«e who are anxious to sacrifice al! that is g*es*
ini sacred upon the altar of th-.ir fanatical desig ■
If law and order should triumph over mistaken phi
lanthropy, a long uxiioierrupted peace will ba ri‘ f
happy result; it not, the odium ot disunion will real
waere n properly belongs; and whatever course ®<
pol’ey may characterize our actions, we w 11 bejusti
I ford in the eves of Gad and mm. 1 speaK to J*'*
■ gencteiuen, f/snkiy. I >e?l
it!t» or honor of U>a »uie eq*uly mlße . 1
4. *-ave inherited ail the prejudices of toy native South.
1 appeal to you not as a stranger, but as a MtaiMipl
plan to forbear Utt your preclp.tancy mvy bring
j. about all -he evils tha« must necessarily follow a
d disruption of our Government. I regard the seces
sion of a State as the last resort.
e «itis no justified by the Constitution jit finds its
g right alone in revolution; and, whenever there is
sufficient cause for revolution, I will go hand in band
® with you in favor of secession. I would have the
» States resist every movement that tends to consolida
tion. Yet, so iongas there remains a hope that a
sense of retributive Justice will cause our Northern
I friends to (( render unto Cwta the things ihat are
, Cmaar’s/’ let us preserve the Federal compact. It
has not yet been determined that the will of the ma
jority is the will of the whole; that Congress is the
j idge of the extant of its own powers, and that a
■’tMte in its sovereign capacity has no right to resist
tho exercise of authority on the part of the General
Government not clearly warranted by the Constitu
tion. Until this is done, the rights of the minority
stand protected against the arbitrary will of the ma
jority, and that which constitutes the real beauty and
true greatness of our Republic is preserved in its
original purity.”
In publishing the letter of Gen. R., the Natch
ez Courier remarks:
“ It is one of the severest blows that the secession
cause has yet received. We need hardly say that
Gen. Stanton has hitherto been looked up to by that
party as one of their surest, firmest friends; and hie
withdrawal from their mad and revolutionary
schemes is but tho prelude to that of hundreds and
thousands of the honest-hearted Democracy of the
State. We wish to indulge in no special eulogy of
Gen. Stanton. He has acted in an independent
manner and doubtless desires no thanks more than
the BeiLs>itiefactioQ which he must feel in caving
acted riphtiy. The regret that he evidently indulges
in in having to port with old associates, and his man
ly appeal to them even now to forbear, leH their
precipitancy should bring about all the evils certain
to follow a disruption of the Government, is honpra?
bie to him in every point of view.
<( Gen. Stanton defines his position clearly.
Though opposed strenuouvly to some - f the features
of the Compromise, before they became taw, he is
now in favor of acquiescence. Being the law of the
1m i, they aro no longer open for reai«ta<ieo. Agita
t»on will gain us nothing, but hazard mneh. Se
cession he regards as not justifieil by tho Constitu
tion. It finds its right alone io revolution. When
there is sufficient cause for revolution, and not. be
fore, he will be for State resistance to the Federal
Government.
“ This letter of Gen, Stanton is an important sign
of the times, and shows conclusively that the De
mocracy do not intend to be saddled and loaded with
the burden of nullification and secession. If they
are so indicted by their leaders, they will spurn par
ty trommels, throw off the oppressive load, and show
•he late Executive and Leg 1 stature that they neither
own nor can dragoon thorn.” '
The Growth es the Republic*
The remarkable increase of population in
the United States, as indicated by the late cen
sus, has called forth some significant comments
in the English journals. The London Albe
rt mum thus alludes to it:
The American census is not yet comp’ete; but
the returns already received point to conclusions far
beyond hope or expectation. Look at New York,
-or instance. In 1820 it had a population of 123,-
009; in 1830, 203,000; in 1840, 312,009. This
rate of increase was unparalleled in the history ot
statistics. But the population is now as id to have
risen to the astonishing number of 750,0*101 [This
includes the suburbs of Brooklyn, &c.J There art
but two larger cities in Europe ; in ten years mnre,
st the same rate of progress, it will be larger than
Paris. In thirty years from thia date New York
will, on the same terms, be forger than London.
And it must be considered that the commercial
capital of America is not fed, like our Manchester
and Liverpool, at the expense cf the country; its
advance is the type of that of an entire continent.
In 1810 the population of St, Louis was 1,600; in
1830. 6,600; in 1810,16,400; in 1850 it numbered
90,090 ! So for a* the general nature of the returns
can be inferred from the data at hand, the popula
tion of th* Uni .n will be about 25,000,000. From
the year 18UO when th9 number was a little more
th n 5 000,000, to 1840 when it had advanced to 17,-
000,0 0. the decimal rate of increase was about 33
percent. This rate would have given for 1850 a
population o r 22.000,000 only.
Material power his been developed, equally with
population. Great Britain alone excepted, no State
in Europe could now maintain equal armaments in
the field for any length of lime. This maivellous
f growth is deringine all tne old tradition of ‘bal
, aneea of power.’ America is not only a first-class
wla i e —i n a f vw years, if no internal disorder shall
1 occur, she will be the greatest of all. Should the
* IStO-bO rate of increase be maintained for fifty
years the population will then amount t* more
riun 100.030 DUO I German ware and French
revolnliana sink into comp'etc insignificance by
, the r ide of considerations like these ”
With ; uch a comment, how well we may under
, stand the'roars of laughter* with which the Ameri
can Senate recently received the menaces of Aus
tria 1 When ibe United States shook off the yoke or
E'-ghnd, their people numbered no more than 3,-
OOU.tOO ; when they were last measured against a
European power, they were not more than 8.000,-
I 000. Ten years hence »liey will be equal to France
' or Austria. There hardly seems to be a limit to «
their growth. The valley of the Misaireippi would
alone support the whole population of Europe. In it*
' vast basin, nations are now growing up as if at the
bidding of enchantment.”
Tbe phenomoron which if presented to tho
i observation of tho European world, in the
steady and s ately progress of this country,
i under ita republican institurions. ia well calcu
’ laed(eayß the Baltimore At,.eric»n,) to itupira
, wonder and in some ca.es aiartn. No imped
-1 iment retards our onward march; we seem to
’ have tsken a bond of fate to make the aestir
i ante of our great destiny doubly sure. Al
. together the spectacle is without precedent or
parallel.
Nor only in popula'ion have we advanced
in a most astoniehing manner, but our increase
> also in power and resources has gone on in a
commensurate degree Our mercantile ma
rine, second only to that of England, ranks
above hers, if we include our internal and
' coasting trade. For speed and capacity, onr
3 ateatners on the ocean hove no superiors, and
I their number increases rapidly. The next ten
t years may witness the acknowledged suprema
cy of the stars and tlte stripes _>ver the two
great oceans of tho world—a supremacy inevi
table, and so clearly so that it may not involve
-a contest
t With this imperial sway, which is our des
j tined I eritage, there must be of course aecom
i paniments of responsibility too grave and mo
men ous to be regarded o herwi.e than wi<h
r anxious and serious refleot'ons. Ase f-gov
' erring people ruling over a continent and con-
I trolling a hemisphere, and pos-esred with a
i vital unergy never before equalled—how can
it beppen but that the who e world must feel
tho powerful influence of such a presence I
Historv will be obliged to enlarge her pages to
admit the record of our greatness, which must
soon transcend all that has been told of Boman
, giaudeur. We may hope that the conscions
f ness of strength will keep us peaceful—for
what enemy is near us that need cause any
i apprehension ;of danger ? A domain large
i enough to satisfy the most capacious ambition
i is our. already, and it abounds in resources
r which centuries cannot exhaust, which an in
definite progress in civilization will find work
in developing and improving.
,
Ocean Steam Nxvisxtion.—The New
York Journal of Commerce of Friday says:
The years 1850 and 1851 will form an impor
tant era in the history of ocean s'eam naviga
tion in the Un t.d Sta'es. Beginning with the
launch of the Washiugion, 1847, a fleet of not
less than seven'y esa-going steamers has been
created, averaging something more than 1000
tons each, and forming an aggregate of about
75 000 tons. [.Thia does not in dude those in
ths naval service. J Near a dozen more will
ba added in the course ot the present season,
six of which—the Pioneer and city of Pitts
burgh, for tbe Liverpool trade ; the Gordon
and Calhoun, owned in Savannah, to run on
tbe Southern Coast; and two others, for As
pinwall’s Pacific Line—are nearly ready for
sea.
Os the stea ■ era employed on the Atlantic, 9
are running between the United States and
foreign ports; 10 between New York and
Chagree ; 13 between domestic ports on the
Atlantic coast, or on the Gulf of Mexico; 1
between New Orleans and Vera Cruz; and
1 between ChariesUn and Havana. Total,
34
On tho Pacific, 13 are running between
San Francisco and Panama, "exclusive of the
Sarah Sauds (foreign built ;) 4 between Ban
Francisco, Gold Blutf and Trinity Bay ; and 4
■ on the Sacra memo River. 10 o hers are either
. at or on their way to San Francisco, and 1 is
at New Orleatn. Total 36.
Fur speed, strength and elegance of medel
and finish, tome of these steamers are nnsur-
■ passed to the wide world. The outward pas
sage of tbe Pacific to Liverpool, in nine dnM,
nineteen h lure and twenty five minutes, aji
5 her homeward trip, in nine days, twenty
- and fifteen mind es, have never been equal<B
. notwithstanding the gallant achie.ements of
the Asia, of the Conard line. Seven-eights
of the American sea going steamers are the re
sult of private enterprise, without the aid of
the Government.
i
Great Flood nr tub Ur.'xn Mississippi
, ASD ITS I'Kinel AHIES. — The S'. Loma Rcpub
lxa» oflhe3l»t uit. and Ist inst. states that
me accounis from the upper rivers were
I gloomy enough. The water was spreading
over vast sections of country, and the great
damage had been done all along the borders
of the river.
1 Tao Mississippi had reached the high-water
mark of 1814, and was still rising. The tewn
of C .urcbville, and the country back of it for
f eight or ten miles, presented the appearance
of a vast lake of water, with here and there
1 a patch of trees or a building. The farms
were almost ruined. At Farmington, on the
Lies Moines, the river was four feet higher
than it had ever before been known, and a
letter states that it was still rising with great ra-
i pidity.
The towns of Bonaparte, Beotonsport,
lowaville, O tumwa, and probably others, were
completely submerged. Part cf the new dam
at Bonaparte had been washed away, and a
house was lodged a few miles above Farming*
too, which came frem some point above.
The Mad ftiver Valley (Ohio) Gazette re
cords the particulars of a great hail storm
which swept ever that region recently. Stones
ilia size of the common mineral door knoh,
-ome spheroidal others bid the appearance of
jagged ice. Lames and poultry were killed
wnerever exposed. Tne cattle ran around
frantic and belluwinr, their bides being se
»ereb lacerated by tbe bail stones. O-.s hail
.tone which was found weighed lour and one
half ounces.