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“ PRESERVE THE UNION !”
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
FOR
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lishment of sou nd principles in the success of “The Constitution
al Union Party” we propose to send the
WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL,
TILL THE 15tH OF OCOBTER, ON THE FOLLOWING TERMS 1
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The cash must always accompany the order.
This will afford our friends throughout the state an opportuni
ty to place the paper in tho hands of thousands of voters, who
would not otherwise probably read a paper. And if they esti
mate, as we do, the importance of the present canvass, they will
promptly adopt the necessary measures to aid us in our efforts to
enlighten the voters of Georgia as to the dangers which threaten
the Constitution and the Uuion.
Address all orders, W. S. Jones, Angusta, Ga.
repohted REVOLUTION IS CUBA.
Highly Interesting from Havana.
From the Charlesto* Courier.
The steam ship Isabel, Capt. Rol’ins, arrived
at thia port yesterday afternoon, at about five
o’e'ock. She left Havana at 5 P. M. on the
93d inat. with a full list of passengers, and a
large cargo, and Key Weston the 931. She
was detained on the passage in ol
the badness of the coal she had taken in al
Havana, being unable to make more than nine
knots per hour; and waa, therefore. Compelled,
at about four o’clock yesterday morning, to
put into Savannah Her passengersand mails
were brought on to this city by the Gordon.
The political intelligence from Cuba is high
ly interesting, but of a very contradictory na
ture. We give however, the different reports
as we have beard them.
We are indebted to a gentleman, who has
resided for some time in Cuba for the follow
ing items which certainly coincide with the in
telligence we have been rec iving for some
days pas'. There hid been, as is not denied as
far as our accounts inform us. a rising of the
Creole population at and ne r Puerto Principe,
San Juan, *c, which had been joined by a
part of the Spanish troops in the ne ghbur
bood. I. is stated that he Colonel of a regi
ment stationed ne r Principe had ' n [ o " ned lhe
authorities at Havaua that he had but a frag
ment of bit regiment left.
The regiment ol Leon, stationed at or near
Matanzis had become so insubordinate that
the officers had advised the Government that
the men could not be depended on, and the
Regiment had to be removed to some other
part of the Island. The au honties have s op
ped all sealed communications between ail
ferent parts of the Island -once the 10th lost .
and all communicatioi shave to go through the
mails open, unless written by some i thcial
Views and feelings are now expressed in Ha
vana, that would not have been attempted a
few weeks s nee, and a meeting of ihe Habane
ros, favorable to independence, was to have
been held a few days before the sailing of the
Isaisl. but 'he place of meeting having become
knrwn to the government it was taken poo
session of by a military force, and, thereby,
frustrated, If the pa riois mee' with success
in the in erior, it is expected that an insurrec
tion will take place, in Havana, immediately.
An elderly gentleman, who has been a plan
ter for some years on ’he island, and who
possessed a sugar estate valued at one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars, sold out for one
hundred thousand, and came on io the Isabel.
We are also informed, by passengers, that
two agents o’* ihe Cuban authorities have ar
rived in the Isabel, to watch the movement of
the friends of Cuba in tbit country.
Other gentlemen inform ue that Colonel
Conde, of the Regiment of Puer'o Principe,
was, together with nine officers and thirty sol
diers, taken prisoner a few days eincj , and
that tn crossing a rive’ on a raft some three
h fred soldiers were drowned, the raft having
ca- ized. it is staled, likewise, that, at the
present moment, here are about one thousand
citizens in the woods, under the command of
four American officers, who are ready to sus
tain the Provisional Government- already re
instated at Tunas, in the Eastern Department
of the island, ad acent to the Central Depart
ment in which is Puerto Principe. It is, like
wise, according to our informants, eipecl-id
that in the course of a few days—say ten, a
revoiu ion will break out in Havana; for
which pu pose it is said the disaffected have
already one regiment engaged to co-operate
with them, and that another will come over to
them on its commander I eing paid three hun
dred doubloons, equiva ent to about $5 100 of
our currency, he having pledged his word, as
a military officer, to that effect..
We nave moreover, been informed by a
gentleman whose sources of information re
lative to Cuban affairs era generally mos' re
liable. that many of tho towns in Cnba are
in arms—the present force amounting to about
five thousand tff cuve men—that a provisional
Government is about to be organized, and
that the Queen’s troops have suffered a severe
lose.
On the other hand we are told by other par
ties. whose information is generally unques
tionable, that the insurrection at Pr nc pe is
an affair that has created no alarm in the
Island of Cuba arid that wh<t they term the
exaggerated reports in ’he journals of the day
have their origin in Havana, for the so»e ob
ject of creating an excitement in the United
Slates They assert alrothat aSenor Joaquin
Aguero had been taken prisoner with a num
ber of his followers, and that the rest of the
party had offered to give themselves up to the
Government if they were assured of pardon.
The same gentlemen represent that Havaua
and all parts of the bland are tranquil a«
usual; and that all that is unsatisfactory at
firesent is tr*e prevalence of Cholera, and Yel
ow Fever to some extent.
Corroboratory in some mensure of the ac
curacy of this version is a d spatch, of which
the following is a translation, which was re
ceived from Principe on the 22d inst., by the
authorities. It bears da'e the 16th inst.
•* The party unde' the command of Joaquin
Aguero had been mat by the troupe under the
command of the Governor of the Eastern
Province, and dispersed, leaving five men
dead on the field—the troopc hav ng siezed
also various horses, am s, &c. Many of the
insurgents had ed themselves to the
amho lines and nearly all the others were wil
ling to surrender upon assurance of pardon.
The foregoing is all the information we have
been abla to ob ain on he subject, and we
leave it to the mit-lligence of our readers to
discover what is actuelly the real state of the
case. For our own parts we are inclined to
imagine that there is so much smoke, ’here
must necessarily be some fire, but as to the ex
tent of it wo confess we are unable to form au
opinion.
The Invasion of Cuba*
information ha*, we understand, been re
ceived in this city that the parlie* heretofore
engaged in the enterprise against the Inland of
Cuba have nut yet abandoned their criminal
intentions, but threaten that they wi I renew
the attempt a few months hence. It is said
that some hundreds of thoee who have bean
engaged for the purpose are to be sent to
Cuba during the summer in sma 1 numbers,
by different vesrele. as mechanics seeking em
ployment on the Islat d in their respective
professions, but who will secretly provide
themselves with arms and be prepared io a
body to join any armed expedition which may
aucceed in landing.
ilia really melancholy to think that there is
aay portion of the people of the United
Btaies who will willingly join in or aid auch
reckless and unprincipled proceedings. As to
the deluded men who are thus made the tools
of design ng persons, they should recollec
that the Spanish authorities are of course
constantly and fully advised of ali such move
monte; that the me st vigilant lookout will be
hept upon siUtre 'gers coming into the Island,
particularly when an unusual number arrive
from the United States without any ostensible
object in the way of business; and it they are
■ot itnmedi itely ordered out of the island, they
would no doubt be the fir»t victims sacnhcd iu
case of an attempted invasion.
The utter heaniessnesa of the leaders of this
dierepu'aMe enterprise is fully eihibited ir
thus sending into such imminent jeopardy of
liberty or lite the poor ignorant men whom
they have deceived by false representations |
and specious promises, win ;h are never intend
ed to be. and which cannot be, fu ti led.
A successful invasion ot Cuba by a private
expedition we lo< k upon as one of the most
b<. pel ess of ali undertakings. Not onlv would i
our own Government exercise the utmost vigi
lance to break up aud frustra e any atte * pt of
the kind, either bv the arret of the par les and
the se sure of their ve«sels before leaving the ;
Veiled Slates, or their cap ure un the ocean by
Amencau crui«er». bu: the Spanish Govern
ment has such a numerous and powerful steam I
and sailing naval force on the c ant ot Cuba as
to render any private expedition en irely mad
equate to cope with it So that it would be
next to, if not quite, impossible to eff<c; a
landing.
Were the ending, however, even effected. ’
the ovarwelmte. , |„ t , m h force tf)e
Meno ... dI render de.tn o , c „ :
Übl. to all those eagaged and wh „ fhou|d
f»L into lhe power of he Sp. nish Go „, n
neat could only exped an igao»i ni « u , dea h
without lhe right or erpectaton to c , (l „
their owu Government lor tie intetferenee in
tb.ir favor. la the last atempt, when the
landing was edecied at Cardenas, no men
could have fought more bravely or faithfully
than did the Spanish citizens and troops at that
P*a«- and tuay fully disproved .he sd'V
ropoits so eatens.vely cnculated of wtde
ht *•««. <»*»«>•
u. 1
apirn of adventure b. dupoaed / ’
u emerprue. be roaviaeed that At eh t ”,
ar. merely one of the means adopted t, P | u ,l
thorn to their ruin —.Vat fatal
The U B. mail steamer Baine, sailed from
New York for Liverpool on Saturday. She
look out $620,009 in Amencen gold, and sev
•My paeeangen.
I Further by the Pacific.
New York. July 21st, 11 P. M.— The Pa
cific arr ved at 10 o'clock. She sailed from
L. verpool on the 9.h instant at 5 o’clock, 15'.
On the 17ih off Cape of Cape Pine broke
her croas-.ail port engine She made bal
a ace of voyage. On July 12 at 4P. M. passed
steamer Niagara.
Markets— The market for cotton is in favor
of 1 the buyer, but no quotable decline
Sales of the three days 16,000 bales, 3,000 ol
which were talcs n on speculation and forex
port The sales on Wednesday were 5000
bales.
Flour is unchanged, at steady rater. Corn
is in fair demand—prime yellow 285., white
30 a 31s
Provisions are very dull—prices are un
changed.
The Money market is unchanged. Con
sols are a particle lower. On Wednesday
they closed at 96} to 97. American Slocks are
unchanged.
The Manchester market is very dull.
The Pacific brings 117 passengers.
England —Beyond the passing through the
committee of tbe bill to substitute a house tax
far the widow tax, and a little squabble on the
vote for £20.000 for secret service money, an
the introduction of a biit to authorize Parlia
mentary elections to be taken by a vote by
ballot, nothing has been done in Parliament
since ihe sailing of the Asia. The Royal
Commissioners, the Executive Committee, and
a large party of distinguished foreigner, ai
present in the country, were invited by Mr
Brown, M. P., to dine with him on board the
American steamer Atlantic, on the 12th in
stant. The affair promises to be magnificent
Peabody’s entertainment to the American Min
ister on July 4 h passed off with great eclat,
and was honored by the present of a large
number of the highest rank ol fashion.
France— The report of M. De TucqueviPe.
relative to the revision of the Cons itution,
will be presented to the Assembly to-day, the
9th. It is the all engrossing topic The Pres
ident has returned to Paris, after having been
well received at Beauvais, &c. The comm°r
ciai accounts are favorable. Manufacturers
have largo London orders. Riw siik is ad
vancing The Bourseis dull—Fives are 94f.
45c. to 94 f. 55c.
Denmark.— The ministers of the King of
Denmark have resigned in a body. Count
Muielle has been charged to form a new Cabi
net.
Ca»»e of Good Hope.— Latest dales are to
May 31st Tne news is unsatisfactory. A
proci as Linatnd war is feared. Several petty
skirmishes are repored on the frontier. Trie
mail between King William town and Graham
town, containing government despatches, has
be«.n twice captured by the enemy.
Further by the America*
Halifax. July 22.1, 10 P. M.—The steam
ship America arrived here at 7 P. M this eve
mg, with 66 passengers, amongst whom is the
new Lord Biahop of Nova Scotia. Head
winds prevaded throughout the passage. The
steamer llumbo-dt landed the mail* at Cower
on the lOfh. Queen Victoria's visit to the two
Italian Opera Houses engrosses public atten
tion. Tne receipts ol the Exhibition on the
11th we e £3OOO
Markets —Cotton throughout the week has
been dull and prices of all descriptions have
given way. American ordinary to middling
has declined |.. and the better qualities are low
er than on the previous Friday. Ihe sales of
the week are 34 000 hales. Fair Orleans 6d ;
Bowed 55.; Mobile 5§J. The Manchester
markrt is inanimate, and a tendency against
the se’ler.
H-eaditufft — Flour is in rather better de
mand, and prices slightly improved. Western
Canal 21. 3.; Ohio 20. 6d. a 21s. 9d.; Phila
delphia 21 a. to 21a. 9d.
There is a fair inquiry for Corn at the quota
tions by the Picifie. Wheat in better request,
and prices tending upwards—red ss. 8d to 6s
8.1; white and mixed ss. a s°. 6.1.
The state of business generally is quiet.
English funds unchanged. Consols closed
al 97 to 98 being an advance over Thursday.
The Sardinian Loan declined 3 per cent.,
since the first issue. *
American stocks are unchanged, except that
Government 6's have advanced 4 per cent.;
Maryland Ster ing Bonds quoted at 89 'o 90.
The returns of the Bank of Englandshow
a decrea-e in bullion during the week of over
one hundred thousand po inds.
England.— The Ministerial defects in Parlia
ment on Tuesday respecting the vote by ballot,
and Texan A torneys produced no practical
effect.
Nothing occurred except the final passage
through the House of Commons of the hill
repealing window tax and substituting house
lax.
Humes’ motion relative toSir James Brooke
defeated.
The potato rot is prevailing in Ireland to
some extent.
trance M De Tocqueville presented to
the Ae-embly the report of the committee on
the revision of the Constitution. His report
strongly favors an entire revision of the Con
stitution It is remarkable for its impartiality
and candor.
General Fabler will propose a motion for
electing a constituent by universal suffrage.
The debate oil the report takes place July
14th.
The Council of State, by a vote of 18
against 9. have settled the responsibility of
executive power in conformity with the con
stitution. a provision of which renders it high
treason for the President to subvert the 45. h
article of the constitut.ou.
Freights.—There has been a slight im
provement in freights.
The Havre Cotton market on the 10th.
Sales 800 bale* at a decline of 1 a 2 frat.es.
Very ordinary to ordinary. 82 francs.
Ai Liverpool speculators in Cotton took
1300 bales. Exporters 6500
SmarLXR and Tzrrible Acciukbt—We
learn from lite Reading. Pa , Adler the partic
ulars ol an extra rdinary accident which oc
curred on Saturday, the 21st ult., in B. rn
township. Berka county. Mr. Elisha Davs,
a large man. weighing about two hundred
pounds, and sixty years of age was engaged
in making a small hay stack, and before he
quite finished, cast over the side a pitch-fork, with
a handle of the ordinary length, which stood
upright against the slack. Af.er completing
his work he descended from the stack himself
and unfortunately ahghte ’ at lhe very place
.• hero the frk was s anding, lhe handle of
wh ch pierced his body betw, en the lege, and
penetrated into the stomach about 17 inches
until it touched lhe breast bone. There was
no one prerental lhe time but a small boy. who
endeavored to draw the handle out of the
wound wi h one hand, but not succeeding, he
afterwards took hold with b’th hands, and bv
exerting himself to the uimo-t of his strength
pulled itout. The han le of the fork was
about inches thick, and sawed off blunt at
the end which pierced I im. Dr. Spaiz was
called tn to attend him. and what is almost
incredible to rela e, he has so far improved
as io be considered out of danger.
Nxw ArrLioxTtox or Stkam Powir.—
At me press room of Messrs. Childs <!k Platt.
49 Spruce street, we yesterday inspected a
mach ne that was taking in broad sheets at one
ride and piling them up, neatly folded, at the
orprsite side. With but a boy to feed it he
turned out eighty folded papers per minute,
»rd we presume it would do much more, for
we «ee no limit Co lhe speed at which it may
be worked. Here is another step forward,
and next we expect to see a machine tskin» tn
raw cotton at one end and sending forth folded
newspapers at the other.—.Veae York paper.
[One of the machines described above has
been in operation in the office of the National
Intel.tgencer for several months past, and a
beautiful and most ingenious machine it is
It is geared to thh steam engine which moves
the printing machine, ard folds as fast as they
are printed It is the invention of Mr. E N
Smi h. of Springfield, ( Mass.. ) and was
brought on and put up in the Intelligencer of
ice by him.—Nat Intel J
“Ireland and the Fugitive Slave Law.”
Wi h this heading the Congregationalut news
paper publishes three r-solunone respeciing
lhe tug! ive slave law passed at a meeting held
tn Cork, not very complimentary to the' peo
pie and government of tnt- country, wnich
that paper savs were -politely forwarded” bv
the Rev Dr King of Dublin. Now we cau
n’t see the poiteneu of forwarding to an
’miertean newspaper resolutions insulting to
me American Government and people ‘One
nL« i f re w? t, ?‘’ Beco “<ted Dr. King
I very i-2adavm lh<,, i reciprocated the
him whii* in !h* nd l,ber<l civiliUM ihown to
i a *"*e«>benng the
! sympathy this country has shown to Ireland
we cannot but think that Dr. King and h.s fell
I low reeoluu-.nisu would have Ihown bet-er
taste had they minded their own business V
r. (.««. -Ida.
We leatn from a private despatch to the
i Bflem nt thi. c.ty, that the steam ship Southern
m S P ! - Dickenson, arrived at ber wharf in
New York at eight o'clock ves'erdx» morin
“ Me N. O. Picayune.
Later From Mexico.
By the arrival yesterday of the fast sailing
schooner Kober Spedden, Cspt. Golding, we
have received full files of Vera Cruz papers up to
the Bth, and from the city of Mexico up to the
4th inst.
The 7 rai/cf Union of the 2d July says that
the derecho de or 8 per cent, additional
tax on imports, has virtually passed both Houses,
although there is a modification of one of the
terms of the articale proposed in the Senate
and yet unadjusted between the two Houses.
The Foreign Ministers ol England, France
and Spain have made some strong representa
tions to the Mexican Government on the subject
of the payment of the Mexican d jbts, which they
have respectively in charge. On the Ist ol July,
M. Pinaly Cuevas, on offering, in the Chamber
of Deputies, a proposition to authorize the Gov
ernment to pay immediately such debts aa have
the sanction of diplomatic settlements, read a
correspondence which he had had with the For
eign Ministers. To show tho urgency of the
case, M. Marcedo, the Mexican Minister of
State, repeated to the Chamber the language of
Mr. Doyle, the British Minister, held in a recent
cjnference with him. “ If,” said Mr. Doyle,
“Id? not give information to my Government,
by the next packet, that the English creditors
have been put into possession ot the principal
of tne debt, it is likely that the British Govern
ment will take decisive measures to obtain jus
tice.” The French and Spanish Ministers
have also declared that if the English Cabinet
proceeds in that w’ay, their respective Govern
ments would perceive the necessity of following
the example. Reportson the subject were ex
pected in a day or two from the Committees on
Public Credit and on Foreign Relations.
The stage which left Puebla on the morning
of the 19th ult., was attacked by the ladrones
•bout five miles this side of that city, and the
passengers robbed of nearly all their valuables.
Some of them, however, succeeded in saving
their watches and a part of their money. 7 here
were two ladies in the stage, and their trunks
were completely overhauled ; but the rascals did
n)t find all their jewelry, and in their haste to
get off carried away a number of daguerreo
types. They were masked, and, as is generally
the case, were well mounted and armed. Rob
beries are growing more and more frequent fc o
all the roads. m ~
The municipal officers at Tampico arc making
further seizures to enforce the collection of the
tax imposed by the ayuntamknto of tile city up
on foreign flour, but they cannot obtain any
bidders at the public sales—a striking proof
of the universal repugnance felt for the tax.
At Mazatlan, an epidemic has been raging,
from which few of the inhabitants escape.
The Danish brig Prosper, from Hamburg,
with the new Minister from Prussia and family
on board, was wrecked on the 26th June on the
reefs of Ulloa. The weather was calm, and
there was a pilot on board, but she was lost by
the force of the currents in the night time.
Assistance was obtained from the city of Vera
Cruz. The passengers were safely landed, and
ihe cargo will be mostly saved. The brig, it is
feared, is lost.
The Trait d' Union says that the report which
it had previously published of a pronunciamento
in the >tale of Chiapas, although the Mexican
journals have taken no notice of it, is confirmed.
.'iome of the particulars have reached the city
of Mexico. The standard of revolt was raised at
Comitan Grande, by Col. Matias Castellano,
aided by one Romero, or Gestas, who had de
feated M. Maldonado, the Governor of Chiapas,
and installed himself in the place. The object
of the revolution was to proclaim the dictator
ship of Santa Anna. Commandant Munoz
had received orders to march against the re
bels with the battalion of Guerrero, at Tehuan
tepec.
EZ Sigh, of the same date, contains docu
ments from the seat of the conflict, from which
it would appear that Gen. Maldonado had en
countered and defeated Castellano, and that the
latter had surrendered himself, but some of his
troops 9.111 held out
Tne conditions of things in Oajaca is describ
ed in the most gloomy colors. The discords
caused by Melendtz and his partisans have ar
rived at their height. There is no longer any
authority recognized; anarchy reigns every
where, and what is more to be regretted, the
Mexican Government appears to be insensible
to these scandals. Another revolution is report
ed to have broken out in the otate of Tabasco.
Jose Julian Duenas, brother of the former Gov
ernor. was at the head of a revolt, had possessed
himself of the village of Candoaco, only eight
leagues from the capital, and was pro'eeding to
march upon that | lace with considerable forces.
Garcia, the Commandant General of tho State,
had demanded reinforcements of the Governor
of Vera Cruz.
The object of this revolt is not known; but is
supposed to be connected with the movements
in Chiapas.
M.Tezano Suez has been elected President,
and M. Guzman Vice President of the Chamber
of Dcputiee, for the month of July.
The elections in the State of Guadalajara
have resulted in th j choice of Jesus Lopez Por
tillo. classed as a modcre, as President. ho re
ceived 21 of the 28 votes.
There was ar- port in thecity of Mexico, on the
2d ins:., that Mr. Webster’s reply to the annun
ciation of the repeal of the Garay grant had been
received. It was said to be a simple announce
ment, without discussion, that it would be a
easus belli for the United States if the rights of
American ci izens in Tehuantepec were disre
garded. The trait dC Union doubts this, and
says that the only nolo received by the Mexican
Government from Mr. Webster relates, not to
the annulmei t of the Garay grant, but to the
refusal to ratify the treaty* Ti.is note, with
out puttins a casus belli is, according to the
I'rait dd Union, cs strong as possible, and
foreshadows the attitude which the American
Secretary will take whea he lea.ns of the
annulling, by a legislative vote, ot the de
cree of President Salas, confirming and extend
ing Garay’s grant.
The Ameiican party, under Major Barnard,
who rema ned at Barrio, have made a protest,
through the American Consul, against the or
ders they have received to stop work on the
Isthmus.
The widow of Perez Galvez, a wealthy Mexi
can lady, has given one hundred and fifty horses
to the State of Zacatecas, to remount the troops
to be sent in pursuit of the Indians.
McDonald in Chkrukee.—ln the last Fe
deral Union, it is asserted that McDonald is
gaining ground in Cherokee —that the Demo
cracy will support him— hat he will get as
large a vote as Towns did, Sic. To which we
reply that so far as our observation has extend
ed—and we think we know a little more about
it than the editor of the Federal Union—things
are going the other way. McDonald will get the
Disunionists, no doubt. But the Union Party
will vote for Howell Cobb, to a man. Ihe peo
ple in this part of Georgia, especially, are compro
mise men. They believe with the Georgia
platform, that the S<mh can consistently with
ner honor, acquiesce in the peace measures of
Cong!ess. Mr. Cobb’s opinion upon these sub
jects accord precisely with their views. Hence,
every Union man whether whig or democrat,
will support him. But McDonald they cannot
support, because he avows that the compromise
is degrading to the South, and yet agrees to
submit to it. They do not believe in voting for
any man whois willing to submit to that which
he acknowledges to be degrading or dishonorabh I
No, Sirs! the wily President of the Nashville
Convention cannot deceive the Union men into
his support. All his petty professions and pre
tences about devotion to the Union, &c., aro of
no avail with us when we can see the cloven foot
sticking out so plainly. One R. B. Rhett, of
Carolina, has openly let the cat out of the bag
by telling us that McDonald of Georgia, and
Quitman of Mississippi, are “ blowing the
bugle” in the west, and summoning the squad
rons of Disunion to the aid ot Carolina. Tills
won’t do:—we cannot stand it, Judge. It’s no
use talking about being a Democrat. The De
mocracy does not recognize the Disunion and
ult r a doctrines which the actions of Judge Mc-
Donald has show him to possess. Cobb is the
preferable man in every point of view. Upon
the score of Democracy no one possesses claims
superior to his. Yet we are glad to say that he
runs not as a Democrat or Whig, but as a
Union man expressly, and in voting far him we
forget old pa ty ties and remember only the
Union. Cassville Standard.
Railroad Collisions. The Albany
-Knickerbocker,” in urging the duty ol State
Legislatures to require railroad companies to
provide double tracks. slates during lhe year
ending January, 1851. the number of collisicns
that took place on lhe rai roads of the United
Slates amounted to one hundred and sixty
three, which col isions deprived one hundred
and seventy-nine men of their lives, while the
numbercruehed and mangled amounted to two
hundred and nineteen mere. Such accidents,
it is argued, are not only the most numerous,
but the most fatal of all the disasters to which
railroads are liable ; and yet they comprise the
v, ry class which it is most easy toguard
against and prevent by supplying the roads
with double tracks.
The celebrated aeronaut, Mr. John Wise,
made a vary successful balloon ascension at
Philadelphia or. Monday. Ha was accotnoa
med by his wile and daughter, aud another
ladv and two gentlemen, making six persona
in all. The party crossed the Delaware, and
alter being in the air an hourand a half de
scended about five miles north east of Cam
den, N. J
Maoaxine AsnNrwfrAraH Exchavoks.—
Inquiries having been addressed to this office
(says the Washington Republic) with a view
of ascertaining whether newspapers can ex
change with Graham's Strain's Liuell's, and
other s milar magazines, we sought the desired
information of lhe Pest Offi ce Department
and hwe received the answer, from which it
appears that Newspapers are entitled to an
exchange ol a single copy with each of these
magazines, inasmuch as their weight repect
ively is beneath the maximum prescribed by
law :
PosTOrrtcx DxeAßratsT.
ArroiNTuxsT Orncx. July 18, 1851.
Stat In reply to yoms of yesterday you are
informed that, by the provisions ol the second
section of the uw postage act, all publishers
of pamphler, periodicals, magazines and
newspapers, are entitled to interchai ge their
publications reciprocally, fna of pattagn, provi
ded such publications do not exceed sisleen
ounces in weicht. The law restricts such
exchange to a single copy of each publica ton.
Very respectfully your obedient servant,
Fitz Hzsry Wakrxs
A SacczssrvL Stxah Ship—The steam
ship Georgia, of Law's C: sgres line, has been
among the most successful of the large fleet of
steam ships sailing stem this part During
the last year, commencing with July 9;b. 1850,
she has made regnlar monthly passages, with
out any detention for repair, arriving here on
or near the 9th of each month. She [revers
ed at least 48.000 miles. transported between
9 000 and 10 000 passengers, of whom abott
3 409 were landed at this port; and brought
to N. Y . as n-arly as can be judged, some
where near $5,000,000 in specie and gold
dust. Os the la ter, however, some other
steamers have brought a much larger quantity.
Tne Cherokee, for instance, in the course of
five months, brousht about $8,009,000—N
Y. Jmt. Com . Julp 19.
Some yea's ag a swarm of 1 ocnsts was
three days and nights passing over the city of
Smyrna, it w *’ nine hundred feet deep,
forty miles wide, and fifty miles long. At the
least ea culstion the number of this swarm
must bare exceeded one hundred and seventy
million of miiltetw. If gathered in a heap,
iu mass would have be-c a thousand times
larger th,n the largest pyramid, or > would
have encircled the earth with a belt one mile
wide.
Tbs Sxcrxvarv or rat Trcasckt.—A
New York paper states that a telegraphic de
spatch was sant from ibis citv to Mr. Corwin
on Friday last, requiring his immediate retarn
>c Waeningtow. We have made inquiry on
the subject, a* d find that no such despatch has
been sent to him, aa there is nothing which
specially requires his presence at this moment
at the seat of Government, but that a letter re
ceived from him some days since stated that
he should probably be he’e in the course o ( the
present week—-Nat. Intel.
THETOKLI
CHRGNJCLB & SENTINEL
BY WILLIAM 8. JONBF.
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
ISVABIABLV IN ADVANCI.
DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY * WEEKLY
Officein Railroad Bank Buildings.
DAILY PAPER .peranaum <.entb, mail,) hr 0®
TRI WEEKLY " “ ’O"
WEEKLY PAPER •• » »"
AUGUSTA. GA.:
WEDNESDAY ItIOIININO ..JULY 30.
Constitutional Union Nomination*
FOR GOVERNOR.
HON* HOWELL COBB
CONGRESS
For Representative from Bth District t
HON. ROBERT TOOMBS.
O’ Th « Constitutional Union Party of
Columbia County are requested to meet at Appling,
oa the first Tuesday in AUGUST next, to ncininate
Candidates to represent ths county in the next Le
gislature. Also, a Senator for the counties cf Rich
mond and Columbia. _ jy23
Jj’Free Discussion in Elbert, —There will
bs a free Barbecue given at the Camp Ground in
Elbert county, on Friday the UZ day of Auguet
next, of which the people of the county and of the
surrounding country, without distinct ion of party,
are invited to partake.
Our Carolina friends are also invited to come.
Messrs. Cobb, Toombs, Stephens, Andrews and
others are expected to address the people*
Our Southern Rights friends of Elbert are cordially
invited to f rocure their speakers, and unite with us
in a Free Discussion, or name them io the under
signed committee, an 1 they shall be invited to come.
We sbou'd suggest, also, that they oppoint a com
mittee to arrange with the undersigned, fair and just
terms of discussion, without advantage to either
party;
Charlss W. Christian, I Thomas Johnston,
Thomas J. Heard, | Wm. H. Adams,
John G. Deadwtler, | F obert Hxstbr,
Singleton VV. Allen, | Thomas W. Thomas,
je 11 Committee.
Mr. Toombs* Acceptance*
We have tho pleasure (his morning of lay
ing before our readers another document of
great force and power, in the letter of Hon.
R • Toombs, accepting the nomination as the
Union candidate for Congress in the B.h Dis
trict. Like everything from him, it is distin
guished for its terseness, vigor of thought,
power of condensation and analysis, and its
clear and masterly elucidation, of the subjects
under consideration.
But we neednotcommend anything from that
source, to the considera ion or study of our
readers. The eager anxiety of the public to
hear from him on the great questions of the
day, will secure for it a general and careful pe
rusal.
Judge Duncan's Letter
Wz hop© every reader of this journal will
carefully read end reflect upon the article from
the Richmond Republican, in reference to the
letter of Judge E. 8. Dunoan, of Virginia, now
in London.
Judge D. is a distinguished citizen of the
Old Dominion, who has been sent to London
as one of the Commissioners of that State to
the World’s Fair. He is said by those who
know him intimately, to be an observing and
discriminating man, and his impressions of the
purposes of England should arouse a feeling
of pa’riotisQj, a spirit of true Americanism, in
every heart, which should cause every lover
of his country to rally under the “ Stars and
Stripes, and unite in a common effort to pre
serve the Constitution snd Liberty.
Judge Andrew’s Letter.
The letter of Judge Andrews to the Burke
Meeting, which we publish this morning,
ought to be read and studied by every man in
the Southern States. It is a document of un
usual power and force, and commends Itselfto
the calm and dispassionate consideration of
every voter who feels the least interest in the
questions now agitating the public mind.
Judge A., as our readers are aware, is a
Democrat of the old school, who has never
faltered inhii support of the principles of
his party, and we may therefore commend his
letter especially to his o’d party associates as
eminently worthy of their study.
“ Won't Debate,”
.Th* reader will not fad to note the an
nouncement made by Mr. Cosh, in his speech
at Thomasville, that he had invited Gov. Mc-
Donald to discuss the questions now agitating
the public mind before the people. Not only
did McDonald decline to go before the peo
ple himself to meet Cobb, but he also declined
to select from the whole State some one who
should represent him in a discussion The
reason is very apparent—it would not answer
to advoca e the same principles in every sec
tion; if so, the game of deceiving the people
would be promptly exposed, and all hope *f
duping a confiding constituency Hasted.
The Disuuion organs have sought to make
some capital out of the fact that Mr. Cobb
would not permit interlopers to discuss with
him at his own appointments. If they are so
desirous to have him met before the people, why
do they not require their own candidate to do it?
II i is a lawyer of over thirty years standing
at the bar, accustomed to public speaking, and
can have no excuse on that score. The truth
is. he and they fear an exposure of their pur
poses and the indignation of the people.
Hence he “ wont debate.”
Ths Burke Meeting.
The accounts we have received from the
meeting at Davis’ Spring on Saturday last, are
moit cheering. The number present wasesti
msted al 800 to 1000 persons, to whom Mr.
Toombs made a speech of quite two hours,
surpassing, in the estimation of many of his
friends, any effort they had heard from him.
The best feeling prevailed, and throughout he
was listened to with the most marked alien
tion, and hi* speech is said to have told with
great effect upon his audience.
He openly invited discussion, submitted
terms, and gave the Disunionis.* choice; but no
one would enter the list. We commend this
fact to a disunion organ, who had the temerity
to assert that our invitation to the disunion
•peakers to meet him was a m-re puff.
P B. Cornell*, Esq. of Jefferson, was nom
inated as th* Union candidate for Senator from
Burke aud Jefferson counties, and William
Naswoktht and Joseph A. Shewmake,
Eaqr., were nominated as the Union candidate*
for 'he House in Burke.
The Warmest Day. —Yesterday was the
warmest day of the season, as indicated by the
thermometer in our office, which is generslly
regarded one of the coolest rooms in the city
The highest point reached was 94 deg , and
the mercury ranged between 88 aud 94 for ten
hours during the day, and is uow,9 o’clock P.
M„ at 88 deg. This, after a drought of unusual
severity, is very oppressive.
Emory College.
Ds. Alexander Means has bean elected by
the Board of Trustees, President of Emory
College, vice Dr. Georce F. Pierce, resign
ed. While the friends and patrons of the In
stitution will regret the retirement of Dr.
Pierce, they will be gratfisd to learn that Lis
place will be so ably tided. The impression
was genera l , we learn, that Dr. M.. who is now
absent on a tour in Europe, Will accept the
appointment.
Great Britain and the United Stales. — Mother
•nd Child, now and lorever.
The Memphis Appeal publishes the above
toast a- having been given by President Fill
more, at Capon Springs. Verily, American
Journalism is descending to a low scale when
resort is had to each mean* to assail the Presi
dent of the United Slates. There ia scarcely
an intelligent man in the Union who does
not know that Mr. Fillmore was not at the
Capon Spring 7 , and yet be is thus traduced
through the columns of a journal pretending
to respectability and character. O Shame,
where it thy blush !
The Slave Trade in the District.
Ow the motion to refer the Bill prohibiting
the introduction of slavery into ihe District of
Columbia forsa e, the Hon. A. G. Blows. a
member of Congress from Mississippi, a de
cided, thorough-going Southern Confederacy
Disunionist, mads a speech, from which we
make the fallowing extract:
The question presented by the bitt is not, whetk
er Congress may destroy property in slates (that
would be a boh*, io '. and on such a proposi'ion ro
southern mao could hesitate.) but the question is
simply, whether Congress may do in this District,
what almost all the slave States have done with
in ther respec ice limits—prohibit the introduction
of slaves as met chandize or for sale. Ae t ev»>
tai« was nx without iu difficulties and eoi bar rise
ments. He was noton that account for shrinking
from it. The question was before us, and we mug:
consider it. For himself he was ready to meet it, to
act upon it as upo© every oUiar respectful apphcaumi
coming from those who had a right to make inch ap
plication. The people of the District had the right
to make this application. It waa our duty to cooeid
er it; and he would go fur.her, and say it w*» our
duty to prant it, if we could do io without pnjudice
to the rights of others, and without transcending our
c nstitutional powers. Whether in the end we vote
for or against the bill, let us refer it, print it, and
give it proper and respectful consideration.
Appoint me ute of Col. Chastain.
The following appointments have been
made by Col. Chaitaix, to address the voters
of the sth Congressional district.
Thursday, 31st July, Floyd Springs,
Saturday, 2d Aug, Van Wert,
Tuesday, sih “ Marietta,
Thursday, 7th Cas«ville,
Saturday, 9th « Summerville,
Monday, ll’h “ LaFayette,
Wednesday, 13th “ Tientcn,
Friday, 15th Ringgold,
Tuesday, 19th « Canton,
We learn from the Rome Courier that Col.
Chastaif extended an invitation to Mr.
Stiles, to acco .r pany him to his appointments
and they wou’d address the people together,
which Mr. Stilh declined! For what rea
son we know not, but we presume Mr. Stiles
was quite satisfied with ths discussion at Rome
and desired no more of ft.
Mr. Chappell in ths Field.
The following appointments have been
made by the Hon. A. H. Chappell, to address
the citizens of the 3d Congressional District:
! Culloden, Wednesday, July 30ih
Knoxville, Tuesday, Aug. Ist
Irwinton, Saturday, “ 9ch
Zabulon, •••••••••••.. Thursday, ** 21st
Thomaston, Thursday, “ 28’ h
Talbotton, Sal ui day, “ 30th
Forsyth, Thursday, Sept. 4th
Jackson, Tuesday, “ 16th
The appointments for Jasper, Jones and Twiggs
will be made hereafter. Col. Chappell will also
hold himself ready to attend at any other places in
the District, at which arrangements may be maJe for
him to address the people, not conflicting with the
above appointments.
Col. Murphy's Appointments.
The Hon. Charles Murphy. l he Union
candidate for Congress in the 4th District, has
announced the following appointments to ad
dress the voters of the District:
McDonough, Tuesday, August 5.
Newnan, Thursday, “ 7.
Campbellton, Saturday, (( 9.
Carrollton, Mond>y, •• 11.
Villa Rica, Tussaay, u 12.
Franklin, * •« •* J 9.
LaGrange,. Thursday, 21.
Hamilton, Saturday, 23.
Gieenville, Tuesday “ 26
Commencing on all occasions at 11 o’clock, A. M ,
unless a d:fferent time should be thought best, by
the people ol the place.
’‘There sre on’y two eeeentiol points of difference
between the political parties in Georgia. On* is‘‘a
dirrudition of every lie which binds Georgia to the
Union,” (or wha: is equivalent, a oiaaaLUTtOM or
tub Union, )“for the repeal or material modification by
Congress ofthe Fugitive Slave Lsw.” 1 AM OP
POSED TO A DISSOLUTION OF THE UNION
for the repeal or material modification of that law.”
The above precious extract, which we make
from tbe letter of Geu. Jno. S. Anderson of
Cobb county, accepting the nomination of the
Fire Eaters as their candidate for Senator in
that district, is rather submissive The Gener
al who is tbe authorized exponent, (we sup
pose) of his psrty in that distrie , says “there
are but two essential points of difference be
tween the two political parties in Georgia,”
and as he deciares himself opp sed to
to the dissolution of the Union in the event of
a repeal ofthe fugitive slave law, we suppose
he expresses the sentiments of the ‘ Resistance
Party 1” of that Senatorial District at least.
This is but another illustration of the game
that is now progress ng in Georgia to deceive
and defraud the people by the dtsunionists.
Ol such discordant materials was their con
vention composed, that they could agree in
nothing but opposition to the action of Georgia
as expressed in her convention, and the Con
stitutional Union party, who adopted the plat
form of that Convention as the basis of their
principles.
They could not even agree upon a name
for their heterogeneouscombination of factions
ol every hue aud shade of political principles.
Hence, the members adopt whatever names or
principles is best adapted, in their opinion, to
catch voters in that particular locality. It
therefore, has as many aliases, as suit the dif
ferent gradations of opinions in the various
sections of the State. In different sections it
is distinguished by the names of •• Democratic
Southern Right*,” “Democratic State Rights,”
"Democratic,” “Democratic Republican,”
“ Republican State Rjghta,” “Resistance par
ty," &c.&c; indeed, it would be an almost
endless task to enumerate all tbe names of the
unchrisiianed bantling. Nor are their princi
pies lees varied than their names. List year
they were openly far “disunion,” “seces
•ion,” “resistance.’’ Now, the election in
November having taught them a lesson, their
tone is changed; and while some affect to be
disposed to acquiesce io tbe co inprouuso, Olbera
are either the most abject submiasionists, as
Gen. Anderson, the most ultra disunionists,
secession!*!*, resistant*, er acquiescent* in the
Georgia Platform. In short, like the alma
nac makers, they adapt their namesand prin
ciples to any and every meridian.
“A more uoju-t, dishot est, extraragint and
tyrannies Gov, loment never existed on earth than
that under which we live.”
The reader will not be surprised to learn
that the above extract is culled from a South
Carolina journal, and a* little perhaps to be
informed that such is the character of the
logic and arguments generally addressed to
tbe people of that State to induce them to des
troy tbe government. The appeal* to the
people to prepare their minds for disunion
are made np of such round and reckless **■
•srtions, unsupported by facts or arguments,
and their only hope is by exciting the passions,
rather than convincing the public judgment.
W thout att mpting to enter into any defence
of the government against the unsupported
charges of being "unjust, dishonest, and
•stravagant” for among intellgent, well in
formed men such charges are the merest slang
of the demagogue, we should really like to
see a man who had been oppressed by tbe
• tyranny ’ of the American government. A
government so free from every suspicion of
oppression, that scarcely a man throughout its
broad extent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific
or from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, feel*
Is existence even, is charged with being as
tyrannical as any that ever exieted I Is itpos
siblethat any set of men, however erased by
ultraism and a desire for disunion, can hope
to seduce an enlightened and free people from
their dutiea to patriotism by such slang ? We
think not. We know not. For wheceter
retain ispermited to have its sway, the Ameri
can people will repudiate such treasonable
sentiments and their an hors.
Talk of tyranny in America as sanctioned
by the government and laws I The thing is
not only absurd, but supremely ridiculous!
There is not a man who claims a heme upon
any por.ion of its broad, free surface, whose
mind is not laboring under a sort of hallucina
tion, the immediate result of Southern disunion
ism or Northern fanaticism, and who values his
reputation for veracity, who will not rise upend
pronounce tbe assertion unt He, and present io
bold relief, in justification of his declarilion,
the enlarged liberty which he, and every othar
American citiaen enjots in thia land of liberty,
prosperity, peace and happiness.
Tyranny indeed I And whence do tbeae de
nunciation* proceed 1 Tney are only to be
heard in th* mutterings of th* discontented
faction* of tbe North and the South The
Disunionists of tbe An*, »nd the Abolitionists
of the other, be th of whom, dissatisfied with
the presen* government, are urged on in their
mad career, by a desire to accomplish a com
mon object, the disunion of the American
Ststes, although pursued by opposite means.
These things should not pass unheeded by
a reflecting, intelligent and conservative peo.
pie, whose interests, orosperity and happiness
sre identified with the preservation of their
liberties, their Constitution and their Govern
msnt—a Government me most free and lib
eral that ever existed since the foundation of
the world.
Fxfst Fboits. —We are no longer without a
ta.'te of the fruits of the proposed separate action of
the State. A few days since, a sale was made at
pub ic auction of City 6 per cent. Stock. It msre'y
broughtv triSs over the pa<, when a few week : s
since ic re dily commanded over 106 and at thia
pres nt time, th Stock of the City of Savannal is
tn demand at 105 and stea ily increasing in its
market value. The rise in that Stock has been 3
pet c nt. in three wet ks. The only satisfaction we
ctn have l< r th*»se significant ficta, is that uit has
b*en discovered that the union of two Sta’es, will
be destructive <f State rights, so a hub market price
lor our Stocks, indicating a co fit enee in them, is
liable to the same objection. Truly our doom is
being so plainly announced that a wilful obstinacy
is the only safeguard ihey can have, who wish to
continue wedded to the belief of the efficacy of se
parate secession.— Charleston Standard.
Ip the ‘firs fruits*’ present so little to cheer,
in their effects upon the Stocks of the State,
we wonder what influence the second fruits
will produce upon the sanitary condition of
financial affairs in that State. That it would
be most disaa*.rout to the banking institutions,
the finances, and to every department of trade
and business, no aane man whose opinion is
worth the paper on which it could be written,
entertains a doubt. Yet’.here are men reck
less enough in their frenzied zeal to urge on
secession, and in the desperation of conscious
weakness to covet a co Union of arms with ho
general government,thus illustrating the truth
of the adage th it ‘‘whom God would destroy
ho first makes mad.” For nothing but the
recklessness of aadaoeo could possibly in-
duce the people of South Carolina to adopt
such a measure—a measure that would com
pel every batik in the State to suspend specie
payment in thir'y days, and throw upon the
State and community, a worth'ess irrcdeema
ble currency, than which a greater curse
could not be inflicted upon any people.
Progress of Mr. Cobb.
Thb following letter, add rested to a friend
of the writer in Columbus, we find in the
“Enquirer* which says it is “from one of the
ablest and most influential democrats in the
low country,’* Lui confirms all the previous
accounts we hive had of the reception given
to Mr. Cobb, and the very favorab e impres
sions he is every where in iking among them :
Cuthbbrt, Ga., July ]5, 1851.
Dear Ct We had Mr. C I b with ub on Suiurd y
last, agreeably to appointment. I think we gave
him the largest turn-out 1 ever witnessed in a county
meeting. Notwithstanding » very effort was male
to keep away Iruiu the meciiugthe rank and file of
our political adversaries, by circuiting in some
parts of the county that tie was nil to be here, and
in others (among the mere ign« runt) that an Aboli
tionist wuw to speak in Cutlibe't on the |2ih» yet we
had between five and seven hundred persons in
attendance— not boys and children— but men and
vote t s.
And nobly did Mr. Cobb sustain his high reputa
tion for talents and ability. I bare not heard him
before in many years, and you may not be astonish
ed that after I again beard him on Saturday last,
unhesitatingly I pronounce his speech the ablest and
most conclusive argument of justification and sell
defence upon the Compromise bills I ever heard.
He uiadj no vulgar apjasals to the passions, indulged
in no vindictiveness of feelings towards his oppo
nents, threw back no hard names and abuse in re
ply to his revilers—bu: with calmness and goo.j
feeling, with clearness and with eloquence, he en
lightened their minds that their convictions mijiht
follow. His honesty and sincerity of purpose, beam
ing from every feature of his co. ntenance, make
the finest imaginable impression upon the mindsand
hearts of the people, fake him all in all, he is the
ablest man of hie age in Georgia.
He made a fine impression incur county, and his
speech cannot fail to add much to our strengih. I
have seen several who voted against us in Novem
ber last, that were brought to see their errors.
I was in Lumj kin with him, he made an able
speech there, and I saw as many as three of the first
citizens in the county, old friends of mine, who Lave
been here to us, who came out on Friday and tcld
me they were satisfied, and should vote for Cobb.
In this county we shall give him a majority of 200
votes certain, and if we exert ourselves, which we
are certain to do, we can swell tbat majority to 250
or 300. To the astonishment of the disunionists,
Mr. Cobb discusses the doctrine of secession, and
about the time he concludes upon this branch of his
subject, he bas then swept from under them every
pretext, every possible phantom upon which they re
ly to delude the people into the overthrow of their
Government. I was not a little amused to hear them
whisper through his auditory: 1 0, be dare not
come out upon Secession ; we only want to hear him
upen the doctrine of Secession, the right of seces
sion,” <&c. Well, thev did hear him upon Secession,
and much to their chagrin and discomleilurs. And
’bey heard from him too about the Georgia Conven
tion, and standing by what our noble State bas done
—who can stand upon the Georgia platform and who
cannot, who dare not, who intend not.
Gov. McDonald will hardly venture Io follow in
his wake. Nothing would suit us better thin that
be should do so; for the people really wish to know
how it is that McDonald through the bloom and
strength of his political manhood, a staunch Feder
alist, oposed to the rights of the States, denying the
eight cf secession in a State, and avowing the veriest
c msoiidatton doctrines tbat ever fell frem the lips of
Pinckney h<mself, has now become the only ortho
dox teacher of Republican principles in all our land !
the only safe exponent of the rights cf Georgia !
Yours tru'v. ♦ *
Important Discovery.
It has, since the invention of Railroads,
been a disideraiutn of the first magnitude in
connexion therewith, to discover some princi
ple of motive power by which heavy grades,
moisture of the rail, ice and frost might be
overcome, without a resort, as now, to such
immense super incumbent weigh* to produce
adhesion. This subject has long engaged the
attention of scientific men, and we are rejoiced
to learn, from the Paris correspor dent of the
“Southern Literary Mett mg er," a man said to
possess enlarged sagacity and fine opportunities
of observation, and withal reliable, that the
discovery has probably been made. We sub
join an extract which furnishes an interesting
account of the invention :
“ I have just read an interesting scientific article
from the pen of Leon Faucauli, the dist nguisbed
young French savan. whose name, aa author of the
Leiul’ful experiment with the pendulum by which
the earth’s rotation, is familiar to all intelligent per
sons on both sides of the Atlantic. He gives an ac
count cf a communication made recently to the
Academy of Sciences upon a subject which possess
ea peculiar interest in the United States, where rail
road transportation, has reached such gigantic pro
portions, and is so rapidly progressing. I must give
a hint of it to the practical and scientific men of our
own country, sure that they will promptly seize the
idea, subject it to intelligent, fair, rigorous experi
ment, and if it be valuable, will be reaping for them
selves its benefit, and demons'rating to the world its
value long before it will live left in France the
domain of theory for that of fact.
“ M. Nik les, a French chemist of some note,
thinks that he has discovered one of the great desi
derata of mechanics, vic. a mr’e of preventing the
wheels of a locomotive engine from slipping upon
the rails when attempting to draw a too heavy
weight up an acclivity, or when the rails are wet
or c vered with fruat. M. Nik les ceases to rely
upon the pressure of weight to produce the necessary
adhesion of the driving wheels with the rails.
Electro magnetism is his agent. After many ex
periments he professes to have succeeded in realizing
a simple construction, by means of which he trans
forms the driving wheels into electro-magnets acting
instantly upon the rail. The apparatus of M.
Nik les does not magnetiz? ths whole of the two
driving wheels, but concentrates the magnetic power
of an electrical current upon that p rtion of the
wheel which at the instant touches the rai , that is
to say, he establishes at the point of contact of the
wheel with the rail a fixed bobin of wire conductor,
which acts temporarily upon the iron of the wheel
and magnetises successively the different portions
of its circumference attiie very instant they present
themselves for application upon the rail. However
great may be the velocity of rotation, the portion of
th* wheel’sciicumference which’s magna'ized re
mains fixed, and al ways occupies ‘exactly the posi
lion most favorable for producing the maximum of
effect.
Taking to excite the electrical current sixteen
pairs of Bunsen, and operating upon locomotive
wheels of 1 metre, 1 ) centimetres, (3 feet, 7,308
inches) diameter wozking upon an inclination of
200 millimetres (7 87.400 inches) per metre (3 feet
3.371 inches) magnetism is developed which pro
duces 450 kikgraiumes (992,572 los. avoirdupoiv)
of adhesion wh’ch represents an average of 4500
kilogrammes (9,925,714 lbs. avoirdupois) of extra
weight.
“ The rapidity of rotation does not, however great
it may be, effect the communicati n of magneism.
This is understood when one considers the rapidity
of the transmission of electricity end the instantane
outness of its magnetising action. The pressure
produced by magnetism is much preferable to that
(brained by the we'ght cf the locomotive in that it is
always perpendicular to the rails, and preserves its
whole vir ue whatever he the inclination of the
plane upon which the experiment is being operated.
The conditions of the atmosphere, rain, fogs, so fc
rioisly prejudicial to the adhesion produced by
weight do nut perceptibly affect magnetic adhesion
Experience has proved that no greater tractive force
is excited by a locomotive whose wheels have been
magnetised, than by one whose wheels remain in
the natural state : and evidently the solidity of the
road has nothing to apprehend from the presence of
an impouderable agent.
“ The galvanic battery employed for magnetizing
in the manner ab*.ve described the driving wheels of
a locomot've, may at 'he same time be utilized in
various other ways. Il miy be made to give power
to a new species of check or stop (an electrofrein)
possessing over the modes in ordinary use for stop
ping trains, the incontestable advantage if acting
solely upon the rails, the effect of which is intq lali
ty of wear, seriously impairing after a while the
circularity of the wheels. At night, the piles notin
actual use may be employed for the production of
signals by light, visible at immense distances.”
Fourth Congressional District*
The Convention at Newnan, which nomi
nated J mo. D. Stell, Eaq., of Fayette county,
as the candidate of the Disunion party of the
fourth District for Congress, must have pre
sented a fine scene for an Artist, if we may
draw conclusions from the sketch of the
proceedings furnished by the Banner, publish
ed there. ** It s»ems, says the Journal if Met
t eng er, that the names of several persons were
before the Convention ; among others, that
of Gen. Haralson. The Genera!, like the hon
est Dutchman, had “ had plenty of vote, but
no elect”—he bad the h'ghest number of bal
lots, but not a majority. A motion was made
to n inmate him by acclamation; but, the
Banner says, the note came upon the ears of
the body Lite the sharp peah of the “ many
voiced thunder,” The General had foreseen
the coining storm, and ordered bis friends not
to place him before the body ; but they per
sisted. A delegate from Meriwether openly
proclaimed that “he had come there instruc
ted to vote for no man who was not a member
of the Southern Righto Party! Accordingly
the chairman of the military commi tee was
ignominiously drummed out of camp because
be was not a efficiently open ditunioniet;
while another of the delegates to :he Nish
rille Convention was duly declared the can
didate of the McDonald party of the fourth
district. Verily, the curtain rises; and the
horrid visage of disunion begins gradually to
appear in all its naked deformity.
Cultivation of Cotton in Turkey.—The
Milan Gazette of 22 J nltimo, states that the
Ottoman Minister of Commerce, Agriculture
and Public Works, has sent a considerable
quanti y of cotton seed to Smyrna, Cerzirian
and Yem Sheir, io Macedonia, with strong
recommendation to the authorities to encour
age the cultivation of that precious plant to
the utmost of their
Cheflaw Plank Road —lt affords us (says
the Cheraw Gazette of 22d inst,) the most un
alloyed pleasure to announce to the public, the
cheering fact, that the capital stock, $25,000,
of a Company, to build a Plank Road, from
this place to the North Carolina line, has been
all promptly taken by our Citizens. The im
media e construction of this important line of
improvement, therefore, is secured beyond a
con ingency. A meeting of the Stockhold
ers will be held, on Monday next, for the
organisation of h 8 Company, and the elec ion
of office's. _ __
Jas. A. Meriwethkb, William Tubnkr,
Ws D. Terril and B. B. Odum, have been
appointed delegates to represent the Constitu
tional Union Party of Putnam County in the
Congressional Convention, for the 7th Dis
trict, to be held m Sparta.
LETTER OF JUDGE ANDREWS.
Washington, July 23d, 1851.
To Messrs. George Stapleton. P. B. Connelly, Dr.
P. S. I.ernle, John Alexander, John W. Bothwell,
Jno. P. C. Whitehead, E. B. Gresham, Daily
Carpenter, and Dr. T. A. Parsons.
Yours of the 4th inst., inviting me to a pub
lic dinner to be given at Davis* Spring, in
Burke couuty, on the 26th inst., has been re
ceived. 1 shall be unable to attend.
I am glad, gentlemen, to see you in the field
against the spirit that seems determined to sub
vert our government. There is a powerful
parly among us, propagating disaffection to the
government, with a zed, which if employed in
diffusing Christianity among mankind, would
soon christianise the world. They are but pre
paring the public mind for the first pretext that
may offer to do that which they attempted, but
failed in effecting, twelve months since.
So long as some hoped, and the patriot fear
ed, the passage of the Wilmot Proviso, they
resolved that:
“The people of the South do not ask of Congress
to establish the insf'tution of Slavery in any of the
Territories tbat may be acquired by the United
States. They simply require that the inhabitants of
each Territory shall be free to determine for them
selves whether the institution of slavery shall or
•hall not form a part of their social system.’* (See
resolutions cf democratic convention at Milledgeville,
Dec 1847, and in 1848.)
When the North wai almost unanimous for
the proviso, and it seemed impossible to pre
vent its passage, the Disunioniats were willing
to place the existence of the government on
that issue, as it promised a good reason for
dissolving the Union. Then, it was thought
politic, and compatible with the highest state
honor to resolve that “the people of the
South do not a;k Congress to establish the in
stitution of Slavery in any of the Territories
that may be acquired by the United States ”
But now, because Congress did not establish
Slavery in New Mexico, a “territory that (has
been) acquired by the United States,” the
South, it would seem, has been deg*aded. if
it be degradation because the minority cannot
force the majority to pass a law, sure it was
greater degradation for that minority to a-k for
its passage. Then, it war thought patriotic
and honorable to resolve that the South “sim
ply require that the inhabitants of each Terri
tory should be free to determine for themselves
whether the institution of slavery should or
should not form a part of their social system.”
But now, necause Congress has complied with
such request, by declaring in the compromise
acta that such acquired Territories should be
free to determine for themselves whether the
institution of slavery shall or shall not form a
par; of their social sys etn, the South has, sav
the Disunionists. been degraded. If so, then
did the great democratic party in all its last
large conventions, ask for degradation, ask for
humiliation, ask for inequality. If it asked
for what was then right honorable and patriot
ic, t eing granted, it is still right, honorable and
patriotic. But being grant’d, it is no longer a
pretext for dissolv ng me Union. There is the
real objection with the malcontents Notbecause
of the withholding, but in granting the right
So long as justice is rendered to the South, the
loyalty and patriotism of her people cannot be
shaken, and it is that loyalty and fidelity to the
Union, the result of the action of the govern
mem, rendered according to our own request,
that disturbs them. Hence they accuse the
North for passing the compromise, tho.igh a
majority oi the votes of the free Slates weie
against, and a majority ol the slave States for
it. Thinking more capital can be tn ide against
the Union, by accusing the Yankees, they
charge the North with a Southern measure.
We were willing to take the Territory from
Mexico as we found it. Such as we fought fur
and bought we have. And however right it
might have been to repeal the emancipat on
laws of Mexico, no one at the South asked i:,
until it was thought its refusal would be a pre
tex* for disrup'ion. And however just it may
have been, the minority cannot expect to
ever turn the government because the majori
ty have taken them at their word, and chus-rn
to exercise their constitutional right of voting
as they may think proper, now that the minority
have changed thair minds. The complaint is,
not that the majority have passed an unjust,
but refused the passage us a just law Finding
the case made fur a dissolution of the Union
was demolished by the North abandoning the
Wilmot Proviso, and the government granting
their request, when they met at Nashville, in
November 1850, the disunionists assumed s
ground for setting up an independent
Southern Confederacy that could not be
•aken from them by concession. By the
fifth resolution of that body, they recoin
mend the eat ing of a convention of the
slave holding States, among other things, ‘to
deliberate and act wi.h the view and intention
of restoring the constitutional rights of the
South, and if net to provide for their future
safety and independence.” They were very
careful not to state what those constitu .ional
rights were, if they meant any thing, it must
have been a repeal of the compromise, but
could they expect a Southern Convention to
ask for the repeal of an *ct passed by Southern
votes. How expect Kentucky, Tennessee,
and Missouri, in convention, to ask the repeal
of an act that their members, in Congress, vo
ted for, almost unanimously T I presume that
body meant by “the constitutional rights of the
South,” every thing that could not, and should
not, be granted; so th.>t they could provide lor the
futnre independence ol th* South. That was
the alternative aimed at, and hence the other
was put so as to be made unattainable Will
they say what those “constitutional rights” are,
wit out which, the South, in future, is to be
independent ?
If the fifth resolution of that body, shows
they would be satisfied with nothing but a
Southern Confederacy, the fourth, demon
strates they were regardless of Southern
Rights. The great apprehension of the South,
so often put forth by the D sunionis's,
the prospect of the free States getting sufficient
power to emat cipate our slaves by legislation.
They complain, and jus ly, that the abolitionists
by joining the Whigbin one state, in consider
atioii that when elected by abolition voen, they
should favor abolition views; and by a similar
coalition with the Democrats in another, have
been able to convert to their policy, some of
he argest free States in the Union. Thtt the
abolitionists, though in the minority, were able
to give the balance of power to either of the
great contending paries, and therefore, held
<»ut a temptation irrefutable to the struggling
adversaries in heated political contests. It has
been a constant subject of crimination and
recrimination, between the Southern Whg?
and Democrats, that the few politicians of the
North, who were favorable to Southern
Rights, were no: supported by Southern
pol.ticuns; that one by one, our friend.*
had fallen at the North before the abolition
combinations above alluded to, until now
our friends were almost prostrate. In this
emergency the Union men, whether Whigs
or Demecrats, have combined for lhe purpose
of suppor ing that party to whom the abo
litionists are opposed. That by an unanimous
support of those who support South :rn
Rghts, we msy bi I defiance to abolition aid.
That against lhe abolition minority, so formi
dable when unopposed, we may present a
Southern phalanx in support of those who
will support us, and the right, as to establish a
power when combined, able to over-ride all
abolition influence. The free States having
the majority, Southern Rights can be main
tained only by co.nb ning Southern power
with t c Northern politicians who abide lhe
Constitution, and abiding it, maintain our
rights and security.
The Nashville Convention, over which Charles J.
McDonald presided, targetting these arguments, so
often used and reiterated by none more than the men
composing that body, resolved to aland aside and let
the abolition influence do its work. Let it carry, by
tha subtle policy above alluded to, every free state,
which the disuuionists have preten led so much to de
precate; I say pretended, because if in earnest, they
would join the Union men to arrest its progress. By
the fourth resolution it was resolved to •* recommend
to all parties in the slaveboding states, to refu-eto go
into, or countenance any National < onvention whose
object (mitfht) be to nominate candidates for the pres
idency and vice presidency of the United States,
under any pirty denomination whatever, until our
constitutional rights are secured.” That is, to put
the question prabtically, if one of the great parties
were about to nominate Benton, John Van Buren,
SewarJ or Giddings, and the other Buchanan, Cass
or Henry Clay, it wta resolved by tbisb .*dy to have
no lot nor part in it. To let the abolition influence
elect Seward or Van Buren over such a man as Buch
anan, when, by combining with the friends of the lat
ter, we could defeat the whole abolition crew. Now
who are tbe spends of rights? Are Union
men, who will combine and elect a frien J of the
South, or they, who will stand aside and let the aba*
li'ionists elect nur enemies. It is no answer to say,
they will vote for Rhetr, or some other Southern
man whom they know cmnot be elected. It ta still
throwing away their votes in favor of the abolition
Lis. This is not tbe way you do in your State or
county electior.a. If you cannot get the naan you
wi-b you will take the next best, to defeat one very
obnoxious or dangerous. Now, if they think the
political power of the abolitionists so very dangerous
and obnoxious, why not adopt the policy to defeat
tnem? Let those answer who can, if any can It is
no answer, to say th -t this is to be the policy “ until
our constitutional rghts are secured.” In com men t
ing on the first portion of the resolution above no
ticed, it is hard to restrain one’s indignation at tbe in
science of the author’s styling themselves Southern
Rigb’s men. But it is still harder to res'rain one’s
con‘ew pt for the logic of the last part jist quoted.
They comp ain that their constitutional rights have
been wrested from them, but will do nothing to ob
tain them until restored They complain of a
grievance, but will do nothing to redress it until it it
restored. Tbe, will do nothing fa obtain this object,
nay,rather work against it, and then, when attained,
will go to vycrk. When their constitutional rights
are secured, they go to work to secure them. When
the grievance is redressed, then will they work for
redress. This is in accordance with some of their
Union services. Twelve ments ago, when tbe Union
was in danger, they strove against it, but now they
sty the danger is over, and profess to be its greatest
friends Anl who thanks them for such sunshine
friendship? The “ coos’itutional rights ” here spo
ken of, I apprehend, are such as before noticed
Something that would never be the right thing when
obtained.
I will not be so unfair as to say they wish tha ab
olition ofslavery. Then we can account lor their
willingness to see the aboutiosista obtain palineal
power, on no other ground, than a belief and h -pe
on tbe part ofthe liaunior.ista, that 'hat pawer will
be exetciaod to give just cause lor a dissolution of the
Union. Finding lhe South cannot be cbea'ed into
tbe belief of a cause when there ia none, they hope,
even at lhe hazard of slavery, to have one. I
know there are thousa da of our adversaries, I be
lieve a majority ot them, who would be un el ling to
make such haxard, but have committed them
selves to men, aud a party, whose policy as certainly
has that tendency, as effect produces cause. There
fore, fia.ing them without a name, i have called
them disuntonisu for thia reasen, as well as because,
in season and out of aeas- n, here a little end there a
little, they preach and propagate disaffection to this,
the best of all government, i; will not do that
some, even a maturity of them, may say and even
believe they are Unionists. Joan Van Buren, Se
ward, and many of the most dangerous abolitionists,
say they are Unionists too. All the ojposers of the
compromise North end South, except some of the ex*
tremes who have arrived at lhe crazy stage of dis
affection, soy they are Unionists. Butitisnot every
one who “satin Lord, Lord, but lhe doers who shall
enter into the k'ogdom.” We know that the friends
ot lhe compromise North and South, are do,og tbe
work that shall eave lhe Union, and therefore, are
the ooiy men entitled to the name of Unionists.
Tne experience of tne .*st twelve moatbe nanng
■
’■ i v ■
-i M-.l I na '
believe she will be
she will, when her convention meets. Then we ahaT*
be told the right of secession was the issue of this
campaign. That by the election of McDonald, we
pledged our St - .te to back the seceding State, and
all who may be unwilling to take up arms against
the flag of the Union will ba branded as “subs and
tories.” Occasions will be sought to have Southern
blood shed, and then confiscation and all the machine
ry of revolution, will be put in motion by men now
calling themselves Unionists to drive our people to a
conflict with cur government.
Let the doctrine of secession be as strong es its
advocates would have ft. It is certain that Mr.
McDonald and the convention that nominated him,
have given as their reason for the right of secession,
the strongest argument that can be advanced against
it. After stating in their third resolution, that each
Slate “came into the Union by its own sovereign and
voluntary act, and that therefore, this is a union of
consent and not of force,” they proceed fourthly,
to resolve, “that each Stale, in view of the volunta
ry nature of the union, has the right in virtue of its
independence and sovereignty, of seceding from the
Union,” dec. It wi I be perceived that the right is
put on the ground, that coming into the contract of
union voluntarliv and by consent, therefore, the State
has the right to disregard such contract, because it
was by her free and voluntary consent. It would
seem that if she had been decoyed into the Union by
fraud, or forced by violence, a State might offer that
as a reason why she should be permitted to depart in
peace. Before this, no nation nor age has been
foun I so ignorant er so savage ; nor any man se cor
rupt or shameless as to assert the r : ght to avoid his
contract because it was voluntarily and by consent.
The lowest gambler, in the lowest Parisian he 1, wi I,
because it was voluntarily 6t3ko J,< part with his last
frar.c and g > in’o the streets a beggar or robber, rath
er than abide the scorn of repudiating hi* vol jntary
deed. The most lawless pirate that ever raised a
bloody band, will be blown toafo ns rather than vi
olate that “ honor among thieves ” which oinp.ds
him to observe, because voluntarily under aken, the
rules of crime and blood.
So far as I hive knowledge < fib’ gentlemen com
posing that Convention, there is no' on—and I have
no doubt it is so with all—who wool I, in his private
relations, assert the prineip e which, oy tbe;c reso
lutions, be would have his Jtate ackn ;w!e<lge. Not
one, if so dishonest, would be o s ily us to go into
Court and ask to be relieved Goma ccn tract, how
ever onerous, not because cf fraud or violence, but
because it was entered in*o voluntarily and by con
sent. And yet men. who would have the Slate dis
grace herself by acknowledging so degrading a
principle, profess to be of such stainless purity as to
suffer an agony of indignation at her humiliation and
degradation, in forbear ng to force her will on the
majority. Let no one hope to escape by any silly
qmbblc about “scvreigniy.” Nut on y coinin n
sen e and common honesty, but the law and hisiory
of nations teach ui tha* sovreign ies hold themselves
most scrupulously boon I to observe their con racts
and treaties voluntarily tn ide.
If by “a government ofconsen', and not of force,’
they mean one with out power to enforce its laws
one in which the mem'ere can do as they please,
then it is no government, be a use no one govern-*,
an Ino one is governed Moreover, we need no
government if all are suppose ’ to do rig l t an I never
need coercion. But if they tn?an the
Statescitne into the Un on by con-ent, in voluntari
|y ratilying the constit tion of the United S ates,
tbat therefore, the general govei nment h >s n » power
to enforce obedience, I would in add bion towh-j
I have already said, remark, that the declaration of
independence declares that governments derive
‘ their j ust p >wers f om the consent of the governed.”
Not that consent gives no power. 1 apprehend,
however, that to those who deride and ridicule the
precepts of Washington’s Farewell Address—the
I) j clai.iiionof independence, wii< be contemptible
authority.
To shorten this letter, as well as the weapons of
the argument, 1 will pass over the difficulty of hold
ing a State fully sovereign and independent, that c n
not “enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation,
coin m ney, lay any iir jort or expoit duties on im
ports cr exports; nor, without the consent cf Con
g> ess, keep tr.ops or ships of war In time of peac ’,
nor engage in a war, unless actually invaded, &c
Whose citizens may be sued in another jurisuiction,
=nd whose judges are bound by other laws and
treaties as the supreme law of the land, ‘ any t' ing
in the constitutirnor laws of any State to the con
trary t otwithstanding.” J will pass over all this
field of discussion so often occupi?d before, and take
the disimionists on their own premises. Admit tbat
the States are as in- ependent as Great Hiitain,
Fran’e or Spain, and that the constitution is not' ing
more than a treaty ber ween (he high contracting
parties. The several North American States, no*,
even “United States.” And what then J Dws it
not follow that the states are bou id by their treaty
as England, France or Spain would be by treaties
between themselves 1 And how are these latter
bound? Il England say to France and Spain, our
treaty has been violated by you. and being sovereign
and independent, by virtue cf that sovereignty, I
have a right tojudgeof its infraction and the mode
and measure of redress I will therefore, no longer
be bound by this broken compact. Let her say
after the manner of the McDonald Convention in
their third resolution, “That by our own Conven
tion I deliberated upon and determined for myself
tLe ques ion of the ratification or rejection ot that
treaty, that I came into it by my own sovereign and
voluntary act, and therefore this is a treaty of consent
and not of force. Let her proceed as er the manner
of the fourth resolve, to say, That ea?h of us, in
view of the voluntary nature of tLis treaty, has the
light in virtue of our independence and sovereign'y,
of sec.ding frrm it whenever in our sovereign ca
pacity we thall determine such a atop lobe necessary
to effect our safety or harpiness, and of consequence
you have no authority to attempt by military force
or other wise, to restrain me in the exercise of such
sovereign right. Suppose France and Spain believe
the treaty has not been violated by themselves, an I
that England is seeking a mere pretext to abandon,
ot secede, from it. Suppose, moreover, they have
agreed upon r power tu interpret their treaty, as our
States h-ve the Supreme Court to interpret the
Crnstitution ; and they propose to England to abide
the arbitrament thereof; but she in ber sovereign
will arroga’es to decide for herself, and defies the
common arbiter, as well as the judgement of pro
les ing France and Spain. Would not France and
Spain, nay, all the world, hold her reavons about
convent, and the voluntary nature of the treaty, the
merest jargon, and bitterest mockery ; and her
claim to jmige for herself as to its infraction, and
denying the same right to the other contracting par
ties as u ell as their right to enforce its observance
by arms, if necessary, as tha most insufferable arro
gance—an arrogance never known till these days of
modern chivalry and higher laws than constitutions
and treaties.
Hut to parry the absurdity—not tosty ineolensa —
of their position, the di.-unionists wish to pi esent a
case, that in the practical operations of the govern
ment, according to their own doct’ines, cmnot occur.
They wish to show the United Stales Government,
not in the a'itude of enforcing their treaty, but that
cf a tyrant driving a people unwiilinglv into the
Union, as the shepherd with his dogs would fJd
stray sheep. Now, according to their theory, there
is no Union other than this treaty of the constitution,
therefore, being en irely sovereign and independent
they are already out of the Union and there can
occur no such thing as driving euoh State into the
Vs ion, other than driving her to observe tier treaty,
which, it seems, is erroneously called a Constitution.
South Carolina may pass as many ordinances of se
cession as she ;leasts, may declare in all the solemn
forms possible, may write it on the sky, that she is
no linger one of the United States, (indeed in astert
iag her views of sovereignty she has often declared as
much) and no one, under her own or any other
theory of the government, will be found ' o gainsay
it. There will be no effort made to obliterate or
expunge the record. But if any of her ciiizenr,
even by her authority, shall be found obstructing the
collec'ion of the revenues after her treaty of the
constitution has said, in one p ace “that Congress
•hall iiavep wer to lay and collect taxes and du ies,
imports ind excises,” &c.; and in another, that “no
State shall without the consent of the Coagresa, lay
any import, or duties on imports, or exports.” i&c.,
I appiehend the General Government would have
the ea ne right and |«wer to enforce such collection,
as to enforce the arrest of a fugitive slave in Massa
chusetts cr Vermont ; though obstructed by citizens
acting w th or without, the authority of their res
pective States ; and that no ordinance of secession
by either cf these States, or anv other such like
flimsy, nr dishonest pretext, would protect the reve
nue in the one, nor the slave in the other case, if the
other thirty States should choose to adjudge and
assert their rights under this treaty of the Constitu
tion. If to collect revenue in South Carolina, in
opposition to State authority, be an act forcing a
State into the Union, so would the airest of a fugi
tive slave in Massachusetts or Vermont, if done in
dtifi ince of State authority
If by sovereignty, the malcontent Slate means that
she is not merely co rquil with, but sovereign over
all the “submission” states, as a king over btssub
•eats, then might-, it be true that no one had aright
to judge but herself. Such kind of sovereignty only
will authorise the arrogance of such a claim All
these pretences by which malcontents seek to evade
the who’esome reeiraints of law and order, are
alike dishonest or arrogant. The disnnionist puts
his higher law on the ground of sovereignty, Seward
and his class on the tenderness of their dear
consciences, the anti-renters on possession and indul
gence, tho socialist that property i- robbery, the
mormon on the brass plates and Joe Smith the pro
phet, and Abby Kelly on an opposition to things in
general.
It is said that if the majority can decide and
judge as to the rights of lhe minority, the latter may
be oppressed by such licence. That is quite as rea
sonable as to let the minority rule the majority.
Sueh arguments—if arguments they can ba called—
forbid a<l government. Ycu mu« dispense with
juries and judges, for fear they will do wrong.
You abolish he liberty of speech and the press for
fear they will be abused. The right of universal
suffrage, because some —nay many —cast their votes
for men and measures subversive of public good.
When men come into society, they surrender the
natural rig tv of a state of nature, by which they do
as they please for the benefits to be derived from
the protection of society. For such benefits you
must run the risk of tbe majority using ih- forms of
government to your injury. If sueh injuries become
too oppressive to be borne, you have the use of the
longue, pen and ballot box to arrest them. If these
fail, and you deem the oppression of sufficient mag
nitude to justify it, you have the remedy cur fathers
had, of appe.il ng to arms and the justice of your
cause before H aven. You can no more enjoy the
freedom of a state of nature, and benefits of society
at the same tims, than the boy can eat bis cake and
have it too.
Above a! constitutional or other rights, to secede,
is the great law of necessity and self-defence. By
tbe common, and all other laws the citizen is bound
so to use hisown rights as ujt to abuse his neighbor’s.
You cannot burn your own h use, if it will destroy
his. You cannot erect a mill-pond orotber nuisance,
if it breeds disease in lhe air he breathes.
The same law is recognised by nations. It was
this principle which justified Mr. Monroe io announc
ing in hia message, and recognised by our govern
ment since, that we could not suffer the monarchs of
Europe to colonize any more of this country. Though
Spain has the same abstract right to dispose of Cuba
as of Porto Rico, vet our gevernmenl. by this Isw of
necersity and self-defence, ould appeal to arms ra
ther than suffer so dangerous a position for a naval
power as tbe former to fall into lhe hands of Eng
land.
Over-riding all other rights, the thirty States have
a right to judge whether their safe*y or even conve
nience can permit tbe remaining thirty first to secede
from the Union, leaving a apace around *bich we
sha'l have to establish a line of custom houses to se
cure the revenues of the country; around which
our mail and munitions of war shall have to be car
ried, and trxps marched ir. respect of neutrtl terri
tory. And whether we can permit a fine port on onr
coast (o lie open for the admission of our enemies in
time of war. Whether we can permit lowa and
California to depart with the pub ic lands, or Louis
isna with tbe mouth of the Mi-s ssippi, are questions
which the thirty cannot permit to be disposed oi by the
caprice of one State in defiance of their rights and
convenience. No people, who deserve to ba free,
will ever submit that the whims, obstinacy or arro
gance of one way ward sister, ehall be conaultel in
preference to the convenience, rights, necessities and
eels defence of thirty other patriotic and law-abiding
State?. They will truly be submission States when
they decline to assert the right to judge whether the
secession of such malcontent State will be compatible
with their interests and safety. If a territory, ex
tending into our country, and occupying a position as
ia portaQt aa some of the States, belonged to a foreign
power, could not be purchased, our people would lee 1
justified, by this law of necessity, w> annex **• * a
why not retain, being annexed under the Constitu
tion? Now, whether routb Cora ma is of cense
quer.ee enough to make “ imponsr.t to the safety and
rights of tbe Other State, that she should rtmatn in
the Union, may be eery questionable to every one
except herself. She couid not be much missed «x
--cepr in her power *ad capacity to engender and neo
peg*, struo.
let piss unnoticed. That it
s'rong r.at-e i<> authorise such a
majority (if indeed one so s'rongcould bt
that there should be some means proposed Jo u c end
io view. Congress did not make New Mexico free
soil; we accepted it as such And do the di-union
ists propose any plan to make it slave territory ? Dis
union will not—non-intercourse will not —secession
by South Carolina will not—the election of McDon
ald will not. Refusing to go Into any c< nvention to
nominate a President and Vice President, as proposed
by the Nashville Convention, and leaving the field
open for the abolitionists to juggle their favorites into
these important offices, 1 am sure will not. And
the disunionists do not propose any thing that will.
I have not spsce to she w, as 1 have done on a for
mer occasion, how the admission of slavery into
these territories might weaken, rather than strength
en, the slave power.
We are often taunted with the prophecy, not to
say hos e, of the disunioni-ts, that Northern aggres
sion will yet drive us to disunion. It may, but that
would not make our present position wrong. To
make a catastrophe, because itmay come, would be
as unreasonable as to fire your h use, because, by
accident, it may hereafter be consumed. This is as
silly as the complaint we often bear put forth by
some fire eater, in the crazy stage that the Wilmot
proviso has, i • effec', been rut in force, because we
have been prohibited by California from taking slaves
to that State. Overlooking that the whole controver
sy is, whether we have been rightfully prohibited,
no one disputes the fact of prohibition. He who
cmnot or will not see the difference, could nut dis
tinguish between having his property taken by a
robber on the highway, and by the Sheriff, to pay
his honest debts. 11 tbs one case it is wrot gfully,
in the other rightfully taken ; and this e.nbr mes the
whole difficulty. Why do notsuch men propose to
overturn he government because they are paying a
txxontea? This was the complaint against Eng
land. And yet we are paying a heavier tax to the
United Stages than England levied. The fire eater
could say tne tax is paid, and wh»t is the difference
to whom paid? The difference is the same as in the
case of California. In the nne case the tax was
wrongfully taken, in the other rightfully, because by
proper authi ri y.
I would not have noticed so ridiculous a matter
argument it cannot be called—but because I have
heard it so often. And because it shows that in this
controversy, right is n t taken into consideration by
oir adversaries All they care to notice is, that they
have not what they now wish. Not only the great
priocif Ire of se'f govern.! ent, and the right of ihe na
j >rity constitutionally to rule, are overlooked; but
ibe plainest consistency, which requires a people not
to complain when they have th it which they repeat
edly declared would be satisfactory. Such absurdi
ties we have heard, end will heat again, lor as a dog
returneth to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his folly.
And though you bray a tool in a m -rtar, yet wi I not
his foolishness depart from him ? Let them rant,
the people will reason. Let them vituperate, the peo
p e will vote, nn I vote as in November last. Verily,
this generation of fire eaters is like unto children sit
ting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows,
and sayirg, we have piped unto ycu, and'you have
not d - need ; we have mourned un*o you, and ye
have not lamented. If the people were to follow
their counsels they would lament, and lament when
too la e.
To my oil Democratic friends, I have shown that
by all our last great conventions, we reiterated the
doc’rine of non intervention, and I must remark, be
fore I cl se, that the last candidates for 'he offices of
Governor and Pres dent, for whom we voted, assert
ed the sime doctrine d iring the Canvass. Gov -rnor
Towns in Ilia letter to Jos Day and others, decla ed
himself in favor of the Clayton Compromise, and la
bored to show tbat it should be left to the Sup:erne
Gouri to determine— without Congressional interven
tion, whether s'avery exited in New Mexico or not.
General Ca»s, in his Nicholscn letter of December
24th, 1847, speaking of the Wilmot Proviso, declares
“ I am in favor of leaving the people of any Territory
which may be hereafter acquire I, the right to regu
late it (slavery) for themselves under the general
principlesuf the Constitution.” If it was right to
support those who held these doctrines then, not only
right but good faith, requires you should support
them now, and not those who wish tc overturn them
and the government with them.
Let those who believe in the Nashville platform
retire with the clan McDonald, whose bugle, it
seems, is not to be sounded til the fhg of the Union
is to be attacked. But for the Union column—if it
shall consist only ol the Georgia piatbrm—it will
march, under that flag, to that par’ of the field in
which the abolition ranks are to be found. We shall
not inq lire whether our leader be Whig or Demo
crat, but whether he will be willing and able to de
feat the enemies of Southern Rights.
Tbit liberty which, for seventy-five years, bas pro
tected ua under our own vine and fig tree, has be
come stale and flat to the ambitious and querulous.—
It is too pa eive. They wish to break the humdrum
of peace and contentment. They wish the liberty of
ener.achment, the liberty of disturbin’ the repose
and contentment of others, and finally, the liberty of
cutting their neighbor’s throats.
Suppose—as some try to persuade us—the Union
were ont of danger. That the movements of South
Carolina did not depend upon the success ot the Geor
gia and Mississippi bugiemen. Suppose the disaffec
ted had ceased to preach disaffection and there were
no efforts to supplant the Union candidates good and
true, by men who, twelve mouths since, were avow
ed disunionists, or acting with those who were. Sup
pose all this, and yet, our work, as patriots, is not
finished. It is not sufficient that an offender be de
feated and exposed, next c mes the i unishment, to
deter all others from offending in like cases hereafter.
We have no puniehment for such political offences
except public reprobation. The safety and stability
of the government demand that we should not for
give, too readily, those who have labored, though
unsuccessfully, for its subversion. The disaffected
should learn and feel that there is some per;! in stri
king at the peace and safety of society. That dange
rous men cannot be trusted, if forgiven. The curses
that have followed ths old Hartloid Conventionism
are a mors endurin/ protection against the recur
rence ol their offence, than the punishment prescribed
for treason. The voice of public condemnation which
followed Aaron Burr, through a long life of disgrace
and humiliation, is more terrible to those who would
raise their hand against thsir government, than would
have been his execution, as a real or suspected tra:«
for. Duty and patriotism require that society should
not trust, nor too easily forgive, those who have plot*
tjd its overthrow.
Gentlemen, I am, respectfully, yours, Ac.,
Garnbtt Andbewb.
Correspondence of the Chronicle ts- Sentinei.
The True la.ue..Union or Disunion.
Mabiktta, July 25th, 1851.
Twist it and turn it as they may—and yet the
true issue to be d elded by the people ot Georgia
at the bailor box on the first Monday in Octo
ber next, is Union or Disunion. If those who
call themselves “Southern Rights men” are not
disunionists, why then, out of their own mouths,
we shall prove them to be the veriest, most
abject and era cn-hearted submiseionists that
•ver ” bit the dust.”
Now one thing is certain, they don’t stand
upon the Georgia platform—indeed, they repudi
ate it. Occasionally perhaps you may find a
straggler from their ranks, who when hard
pressed, drawls out an unwilling approval of it.
But as a party those men are opposed to it. In
not a single meeting held by them, from their
State Convention, down to the leanest county
meeting, have they ever uttered a syllable that
could by the remotest implication be construed
into;an approval of—no, not even an acquies
cence in the action of the December Convention.
What was that action 1 “ That while Georgia
did not approve of every measure, adopted by
Congress, and included in the scheme of adjust
ment, yet she was willing to acquiesce in it,
as a permanent settlement of the vexed ques
tion of slavery ” But the Convention did not
stop here. It went one step further, it took
action as to the future. It adopted five resolu
tions. The fourth one runs thus—
Resolved, That the state of Georgia, in tha
judgment of this Convention, will and ought to
resist even (as a last resort) to a disruption of
every tie, which binds her to the Union, any ac
tion of Congress upon the subject ol slavery in
the District of Columbia or in places subject to
thejurisdiction of Congress, incompatible wi.'.ih
the safety, the domestic tranquility, the rights,
and the honor of the slaveholding States., er any
act suppressing the slave trade, bet« een slave
holding States, or any refusal to admit as a.
State, any territory hereafter applying, because
of the eiistence of slavery therein ; or auy ac t
prohibiting the introduction of slaves into the.
territories of Utah and New Mexico s or any act
repealing or materially modifying the laws now
in force for the tecovery of fugitive slaves.”
Is not this enough to satisfy every man who
is not at heartadisunionistl What more could
any one ask, who feels an interest in th) wel
fare of the South, and yet desires the preserva
tion of the Union aud the perpetuation of the
Government. Still these men are not satisfied.
“The bakers dozen” of them that were in the
Convention voted against it. Among them
were Col. Lawton ot Sctiven, and Col. David
J Baily of Butts, now the candidate of the 'fire
eate s’ of the third district, for Congress. A
few of them, upon the final vote, were “non est
inventus”—among these were Col. Seward of
Tnotnas, and Col. McCune of Butts, ijow the
“fire eating” candidate for the Senate, in the
counties of Pike and Butts. From “tender
footedness” or some other cause they came up
like the Irishman’s bull, missing. When the
Secretary called their “names,” like the ‘little
boy the calf run ovei" they “had nothing to say.”
Doubtless, just at that time, they brought tang
breathe, mingled with deep sighs—and muttered
to themselves,
“We will and we won’t,
We’ll be damned if we do.
We'll be damned if we don’t,”
and so they struck “between wind and water.’*
IThey dived.
Seeing then that the Georgia Platform,
is all that any reasonable man, (who is not for
secession) could desire, may we not set dowa
the opposition of the leaders of the Southern
Rights party to it, as “proof No. 1,” that they
are for disunion.
Again, why the “hue and cry” raised by these
men all over the State, about the abstract “light
of Secession Propound to them any ques
tion—ask them what they are for? and their
reply is “do you believe a State has the consti
tutional tight to secede.” This is the burthen
of their waking and their sleeping moments.
The meat and drink upon winch they feed and
■lake their thirst. Now why such an anxiety,
such solicitude on their part 7 Is it merely to
get a bate acknowledgement of tbe “right?”
No man in his sense can believe it. The only
legitimate inference that can be drawn from
such an overwhelming desire on the part of these
men in regard to this matter, is that when they
gel the power, they intend to exercise it. They
are well aware, however, that it will not do to
tell the people that such is their object. This
they tried in November, and itproved “too big a
boo’ for the colt” and the rider was throwetL
In this respect they have “seen the elephant,’
and they have learned prudence from sad expe
rience. _.
They must now try it by degrees. 1 hey
will first get the acknowledgment of the consti
tutional -ight to “split the Union,” andtneoext
step will be to perpetuate the deed. 1 hey will
first get the people to say they have • a right
to strike the wedge, and ere we are aware of it
the fatal blow is given, and tbe wedge driven to
the eye. In short, they have reason to know
that with the people of Georgia
“Disunion is a monster of such fi ightful mien,
That to be hated, needs but to be seen.”
But then they hope—
“ When seen to oft, elas I familiar with its face.
They’ll first endure, then pity, then embrace.”
Here then is “proof No. 2,” that these men who
are prating so much about the “right of seces
sion” are tor disunion—
Again, what means all the sympathy that we
hear and see manifested by these men for South
Carolina, if they be not for disunion ? Every
paper that comes io us from that restless and
discontented state is filled with tetters from
Georgia, encouraging her peopi ) io secede. In
one of them tne writer goes on to say,
that “if the Southern Rights party, had Had a
bar. majority ia the December Convention,
Georgia would have gone out of the Union and
urged upon Carolina not to delay.” In several •
Uwir umdnga in Gvolgia the Fire Eaters ha