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iAji£Ei,Lh w JpWlUilwL.
ftV WILLIAM S. JOIYES.
Qfanns, &£.
THE WEEKLY
HRONICLE AND SENTINE L
I s Published every Wednesday,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS o: INDIVIDUALS seuding us Ten
Dollars, SIX caries of the Paper will be sent for one
year,thus farnistrnr the Paperat the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
cr a free copy to all who m«»v rocure us five sub
scribers, and forward us the mnn®v,
THE CHRONICLE AND
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
scribers nt the following rates, vis.:
Daily Pxpsa, if sent by mail* •••87 per anna’n.
Tri-Wkbklt Papbr 4 “ “
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
Im Wsbkly.—Seventy-five cents per square (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
Pr eseh subsequent insertion.
for Sale.
FOR SALE.
MTIIE subscriber effers for sale
his valuable PLANTATION con-
tainin?Bi9j acres, in Ct lumbia conn
ea from Augusta, ’ying Immediebdy on the
road leading from Jas Luke’s, Eq.. 11 Harden’s
Ferry. Oa the premises is a food DWELLING
H<»USF. and ail out-bid'dings, with the
best kind of well arranged Negro Houses. Th re is
also an excellent Gin House an t Packing Screw
There is also on <he premises a good spring and we!l
of water The Lands are fine productive cotton and
corn land, as gcod as ia the county, and well situa
ted. Teima made easy.
Any one wishing to purchsst can get any *nforma
tioo wished by addressing me at Eubank s P. O.
Columbia county, Ga. Any jertou visiting the
place, I will take great n'easure in showing them
the plantation.ser.-cfA C JONFS
FOR SALE,
a THE subscriber offers for sale his
PLANTATION in Lincoln county, AJfcw J
lying on the waters of Liule Rivtr, -L-
»ly on the road Lading from Washington to
Augusta, (via Raysville.) On the price fa e large
and eemmodioos Dwelling, togetbei wi:h a 1 neces
sary out ba***diogs, calculated to gi** convenience
•nd secure y •»> t planter. It coafaius about ],Oflb
aerrs, near 4»J under cultivation, and about 41-0 in
the -v<»x!3. F r further informa'iou ccme and ex
amine. or a ••r-.*s me by etter at Ray>vii e. Ga. —
Term.* ea*y. au9 w 5 J- M. CUTLIFF.
Plantation for Sale.
MTIIE sub erber offers for aale, jyyL
hie PLA N TaTION, four miles east
of Apt ling, Colambi* county, and
2U uj>i ro*n Augusta, containing about |)75 acres,
one half of which is uncleared. Uu the place is a
good co nfortabie DWFLUNG with all t -e necee
sary ou'-buildings, includin' Negro Houses, Cribs,
Barn, Gin House, Puck mg Scre w. &c., all in good
repair, and a moat excel'ent spring; and the whole
tract is very welt watered.
Terms liberal, and given by or befor
the first of Jaauary, 1r52. He can a’so supply th ,
purchaser with 12 to 1500 bus relscorn.
Persoi s who desire to purchase will please call and
•xam*ne the premises.
Jy26 wtfM. E. HEG GIF.
Valuable Land, for Salo.
A—jA 1 SOW OK S’KU fcr SALE
one of the most desirable FARMS in Cffiy i
Middle Georgia, and one of the nsost
beam tm an I delightful situations in all th? country, i
and n t equalled ty any place in the ccontry for it;
eoavetrent arrange nents and fixtures rJi kind* i
Decenary far comfort and convenience, gjod water, c
end as healthy eb aoy place in Georgia, It being and i
ly’Dg in Upson county, on Tobler** Cre**W, contain t
log near eleven hundred acres, well watered. About
hilf of the lead open, and a largo portion of it fresh, a
lies well tor our ca retry That in the woods well ;
timbered; nas a gool Mill Seat on it, a large Gm I
House and Granary together, being 64 fret long and
32 feet wide. T e land his some excellent meadow. i
for grazing. If desired, I will sell toy crop of corn,
fodder, oat*, Ac , which, notwithstanding the drought,
will be a plentiful supply made, and my stcok o! all
kinds. Terms eisv, and to suit pnroh tsers,
|y22 wrf J, C W. lINfmAY. (
PLANTATION IN BIGHMOKD CO !
MEOR SALE.
I OFFER for sale the Plcntati<
whereon I now reside, situated in XX— ,
irtciunund County, at the herd of Little Mcßean r
Crees, 2 miles from the Waynesboro Railroad, ad- (
joining hods of Jas l.aw*on, Dickinson and Mp. f
Fulcher, con aining 431 acre* Pine laud, about 135 t
acres cleared, the bdicce woodland, well timbered. <
There are two go d dwellings on the place, each <
with a Spring of good water. t
For further particulars, app’v to the undersigned,
oa the premises. SAR'H PRESCOTT, or to
SEABORN a. PRESCOTT,
r Augusta, Geo.
BUHKD PLANTATION FOH SAIL ,
1 OFFER FOH SALE, ni • l
aroffl liberal teima, uiy Pt<ANTAfION in r
- t
tfepfa the rni/d’e g/OHud (Savstunh) Road, eon-
H.o'-j’-; erml r-iry*. -
< carffhvp 1 obtton, and convenient to wa’er.
There is a grod DWELLING HOUSE on it, with
outhouses, Gin Houss and Screw I'lantMion in good
repah. Early applications are des’red, as I am de
termined to sell MACKEY McNORRII.L.
Wsynesbcro’, Ga. jy!2-wiSl
PDANXATION FOR SALE. ,
THE t'XDERSIG.VKD offers
WBv his PLANTATION for sale, containing
-X- the rise of 3,7U0 Acree, 1,200 acres in -A
the wood®, the iuobl of which is well tirb’red. Lit
tle River runs through said laud, equally dividing it,
into Wilkes county, 9| miles from Washington, and
Columbia county, 13 miles from Thomson Depot,
Georgia Rail Road; good improvements of every
kind, including Grist a a, d Saw Mills. Price, $? per
acre, one-halt io be paid on riving possession rhe
25th Dec next, the balance free oi interest twelve •
tnon ba fHlowmgJune 12, 1951.
jelß-wtf JOHN Q. WEST.
FOR SALE
MTHR SUBSCRIBER offers for
sale hivFAMH Y RESIDENCE in the
Town of Marietta. It is l*«s*’ed in a de
■irauic part of town, is well improve f contain#
■bout two acres. The dwelling baa nine rot wb und
mi« bavement all well finished. Possession ca <be
bad the first of July.
For terms, apply to Col. IMvid Dobbs, Wm. P.
Young or John F. Arnold in the absence of
Aul sp3o wNR! SON M. BENTON.
PIANO FORTES. I
THK SUBSCRIBERS would 1
rftsjoctfahy call the attention of their
"Iff " •• frien !b and ’he public, to tbeii assort
ment of Rosewood and Mahogany PIANO
FORTES, from the well known and justly celebra
ted Manufactories of Bacan At Raven, A H. Gale
& Co.,and Dubois A Seabury, New York, which
are warranted in every respect, to ba at least fully
equnl to any iustrumentu inauufar.tured in this
Country or Europe.
The eabscr.iKjra weal! a!*u state that the instru
ments now on hand r.re riche late-’ n- t-rus nnd
and Ir-aU firm the manulaccurero. For
• aleatveiv I .v prrrs lor c»sh or city ee.-eptancc al
GEO. A. OATES & CO.’S
inyl3 Piano, Book & M-mic Depot, Broad-st.
PIANO FORTES. MUSIC. &C.
CHARLES CATLIN & CO.,
MT NKAH THE UNITED STATES
KsßgJlslV HOTEL, Augusta, Ga., are the only
u • rr w • authorized Agents for Chickering’a
aaleb rated
IRON FRAMED PIANO FORTES.
Also, forthoee made by Nunn’s& Clark,and Adam
Stodard.
The superiority and wide-spread celebrity of these
Instruments reader any special reference to them
unaeceaa&ry. The universal satisfaction that they
have given in this market, for more than 15 y rare, ia
gsod evidence al' their durability.
Their stock ia always large and full, eomprbiug
• very variety and jtyle of 6,6 j, GJ and 7 octave
PIANOS, which they’will sell at the lowest sac-
TO®Y p sic e*» \ vary mg ;rom 3200 lokoOO,) and war
rant them sound end perfect i< •Flly respect.
Their Mock of MUSIC is large, and they receive
tiresh supplies every week of all new publications ns
•ocn as they are ie«»ed.
All orders (cr Piano*, Music, Violins, Guitars,
Flutes, Accordeons, Ac., Ac., will receive prompt
and careful attention, aud will be warranted to please
in every
MKLODKONB.
They alao have a complete of Prince 4
O>.’» MELODEONS. Ike Key Board is precisely
be same as the Piano or Organ ; and tbo ’one closely
reeemblea that of the Fhr.c-stop of the Organ, and is
•atficiently loud for small Churches. They vary in
erica from 850 to 3100.
JEWELRY.
CHARLES <’■» ILIN keeps for sale at the same
plsea ■ hire Ssock of fine WATCHES, JEWEL
RY aid SILVER-WARE, to which he invites the
at. ’fon al the nublic. roh?8
FINE WATCHES,CLOCKS,JEW.
EL\Y. ANl>
iSILVE i AND PLATBD GOODS.
THOMAS W. FRKEMAX,
at his Old stand, the Bruns.ieh
■aJtßant, Aagusta, Gen., his oe head
laigs and wett .elected rtnek. eonsistiiß of GUI D
•ml SILVER WATCHES, all qualniea; full setts
GF.RMAS JEWELRY, to bores; Gold Bresst
pias. Ear Hioga, Sj'ee.clee, Fob, Vest and
Guard Chains, Fob, Vest and Guard Keys, Finger
Rings, Bracelets, Buckles, Armlets; Meds, ions, Ac.
SILVER ASO PLATED WAHIS,
Spoons, Forks, TeaSeta, Castors, Candlesticks. Ac.
—ALSO
Gans, Pistols, Percussion Cap, Shot Pouch--, Pow
der Fiaska. tsaffie Bags, Ac.; besides many other
eoc.enieo: and useful articles nor .sated. Hjrmc
patchawd all my Goals tor cash, IbeLeee I can sell
st price, that will auH; wohasers.
Clocks, WrtcMs and Jewelry refwtrsd and war.
mated.
N. B.—New Good.rooawd smekly.
011-fdw
WATCHES. CLOCKS & JEWBLKY
WOODSTOCK At WHITLOCK,
SILVKHSMIT HS, JEWKLLKRa, Ao.
two tan abuse the U. S. Hotel, and ,-a
eppomte the Bacu ot Aacuats, have on hand,
•n t are constantly receiving a fine assortiueet Afeatt
I W *TC H, ''S, CLOCKS, JEWELRY. Stlserand
L Via ted Ware, Fancy Gcrxb. Guatd and Fob Chains
* Brsast Pms, Ac., de.
Tbe.r stock is eounHy new and will be sold cheap
fa saeb
J"J- w G Wtll«ir« hu Mixtxtteo- I
Gee u> REPAIRING WATCHES aad CLOCKS,
baviog eerved ereguter appreeuce&hip la «ne o* the
maaoAcfo lesia Lcrvloo, sad from fan long
•Cwrtecee bo finis assored of giving perfect satis -
action io alt who tnav entrust tbetr worn to bia.
jyl di.Awlv
bVBUra
twenty-lour u.feranl kinds, just reesrssd an j
taoUeby wit PHILIP A. MOISK.
fjotcls.
~FLOYD HOUSB,
MAUONGEORGIA.
MTHIS W ELL known and popular Ho
tel, having leen recently repaired and put
in eompfcte order, is acw open for the re
ejituii of Puaniere an 1 Trrnaient perrons. The
,»rof netor pledgee himself that oo’hing ehall be want
;ng cn hie part, to make erd continue it one of the
mort popular Hotels in the South.
JjTTbe Ladies’ Depar'ineut is under the special
cire of Mrs. JAMES, formerly of Columbus, and
favorably known to the travelling community, who
will see that nothing ia wanting to make visiting La
dies and Families entirely at home, their rpartment
haying been rewlv an*; bea’ifuily furnished.
THUS. WILLIAMS, Propric’or,
A. B, lIAaTWE.L, Superintendent
N. B.—An Omnibus will always be in readiness
to convey Passengers to and from the Railroad De
pots.
JSrThe Alligator Line of Stages has its cffi?c per
manently located at the Floyd House.
jy3-w6a> F. K.
MERIWBTHER WARM SPRINGS.
THIS establishment will be open for
•s;_ tbe reception of visitors, on end after the
first day of Juue. Visitors will at all
:toes, find a readv conveyance from Greenville, or
Pieasaut Hill, and a four hor«e Post C'&ch, three
times a week from Columbus to the Spring. TP
Propriatnr w»ll a Ise keep Hacks and other coovet
aaces ot tbeSrring F"» t'ts conveyance of bi? guests
rrv’3 w»'| 'J. L. MUSTI’N PrnriUt-v.
BRADrTEiiirs Ihote l
SOUTH-EAST CORNER
liiii CP THE
PUBLIC SQUARE,
LaGrange,Georgia.
tuy24-*6n~f *
EAGIiS HOTEL,
MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE.
THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure
in returning bis thanks to bis friendo and SJIJ,
the public, for <he very liberal patronage here
tofore extended to him. And having recently im
proved and extended his buildings so as to afford the
bast accommodations to almost any number of trav
ellers and persons wishing boarding, he confidently
expects an increase of public favor and patronage.
Building situated on second block south cf the
Public Square—one hundred and fifty feet leng —
rooms regularly laid off and well furnished. He is
also well prepared to take the beet care of horses, &c.
Stable large and secure—careful and attentive eer
vants. In short, the greatest attention will be paid,
tn-1 <>ains f-tken, to render all comfortable who may
jail at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
Madisonville. August 3, au3-wtf
FRANKLIN HOTEL,
BROIG STREET, Augusta Ga.,
on i square above the Globe Hotel, on the I
fouth side ol Broad sttee...
n ft-wly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor.
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
''ff’illK TWENTIETH COURSE OF
X LKCTURES in tins Institution will commence
on the first Monday in NOVEMBER next.
G. M. NEWTON, M. D —Anatomy.
L. A. DUGAS, M i>.—Surgery.
t D. FORD, M. D—lnstitutes and Practice of
Medi • e.
H. V. MILLER, M. I). —Physiology and Pa
thological An my.
I. P. GARY!' M. D. —Materia Medica and The
ra peu; ica.
J. A. EVE, M.D.— Fstetr.cs und Diseases of
Women and Infants.
ALEXANDER MEANS, M. D. Chemistry ar d
Pharmacy.
HF. CAMPBELL, M. D—Demeri; .ter of Anat
om v.
ROBEPT CAMPBELL, .M. D.—A ml, tint De
monstrator.
A Course of Le'tures on Me Heal Jurisprudence
will be delivered by the Professor ts M-reria Medi
ca, and Clinical J ectun s will b - given regularly at
the City Hospital. Ample arrat.-aeinente have ocen
made for the study of Piactic I Anatomy.
Profeeeors Duoasanl Meass are now in Europe,
and will return before ihe beginning of the Course
wilb many valuable additions to rhe present means
lor demunstreiinn in the various branches.
For any further inforinition, application may be
made to any membtr of the faculty, or (o
G. M. NEWTON, Dean.
Augusta, July, 1851. jy3i wjm
The Raleigh Register, Lincolnton Re, üblican,
Ashville .Vlessrnger, North Carotint; Charleston
Courier, Southern Christian Advocate, Greenville
Mountaineer, Laureusville Herald, Sou'h Carolina ;
Knoxville Register, Nashville Banner, Nashville
Union, Memphis Eagle, MempLfa Appeal, Cl.aitanoo-
Gazette, Tenneraee; Huntsville Democrat North
Alahtttnian. Jacksonville Republican, Alabama Jour
nal, Tu-catoosa Flag, Alabama; Floridian, Florida;
Columbus Enquirer, Macon Telegraph, Macon Mes
senger, Cawl'e Standard, Southerner (Kcme,) Fe
deral Union, Southern Recorder, Southeri. Presbyie
rinn, Christian Index, and Af'auta IntoJigencer,
Georgia, will each publish the above advert : >ement
to amount of 85. end send account to the Da in.
DISSOLUTION.
r |X|lE Copartnership heiei fora existing under
< the firm of Elvmins, Whitlook & Co., t was
This Day dissolved by mutu-'i consent, to take effect
from the first of October next until which time the
buafae£9 will ha comipued «< ths Old Stan>t, a«d <h«
nataeof the firm used by eUher-party far the settle
ment of tha same. PORTER FLEMING,
J. W. WHIT LOCK,
.*- •AaaßwcaeidSSs£^gfcK lt * t _ :.r ' r -T IVA ND.
July 22, 1851. ’ '
COPARTNERSHIP.
undersigned having this day purchased of
Jl John Clarke his inte'ist in the late firm of
Clarke Ar Ramey, will continue the GROCERY
BUSINESS, under the firm of Ramky A Stosv,
and have now oq band a laige and •reaeral oMor:-
ment rs goods, which w ; ll be disposed us on the
most accommodating terms.
JOHN D. RAMEY,
jy?4-w3m SAM L. G. STORY.
TRAINING STABLE.
A PUBLIC THAINING STABLK has
/I be n openene 1 in Aug eti, Ga., by A. M.
Jewell, for the pitrpore of training Hoisea for the
ruri. Tho e having Horses tn train, can hive the
opportunity of testing tbsir speed and bottom, at the
Fl Kfi'-re, that lake place on the 12th of January.
The Stab'e will be open to receive Horses on the fir t
< ayof Auguet. The Proprietor can be found at tbe
Face Track, or United States Hotel.
jyl w2ss A. M. JEW ELI, P. 'i
THE MONTGOMERY MANUPAC
TURING COMPANY’S IRON-WORKS,
Montgomery,...Alabama,
in superior style, Hori
i▼ ■ zcotai and Upright STEAM ENGINES, of
all sizes; Sanin BOILERS; LOCOMOTIVES;
Cast iron WATER WHEELS; Sugar MILLS;
Saw and Grist M>ll IRONS, of every variety, (in
cluding Hoxie’s continuous test for Saw Milla;) En
gine aad Hand I AYHES: Iron ami Brass CAST
INGS, of all Zinas, etc. , Arc.
All orders ia v-, a,
w ,2i GINDR AT A CO.
vio:vi-WBX.v
COT'a.ON, WOOL, Jim-Crow end Hmse
CARDS cf the above celebrated stamps, nre
ol unequalled quality, and wherever introduced, take
the place of ail others. They are manufactured on
our new improved machinery, and each pair is war
ranted in every rospect. Our inferior Cards —the
common *• Wh’ttexore ’’ stamp —are of tbe usual
well known qu ili‘y.
bold by the Hardware houses in all tho cities, and
Coo (dry Merchnnrs, and to ths trade, by the Manu
facturers. JOS. B SARGENT,
my 10 w|y» 24 Clif-Street. A>u
American Sunday School Union
rjTYiiK Subscribers would call (be attenli< n of
JL Bunday School Teacher?, and al! those inter
ested «n the management of Sunday Schools, io ihe
town and country, to their constant suppl v of Sunday
School Union QUESTION OOKS, Child’s Sctip
turn Questions, Union Hymns, Catcchims, Yrs’.a
tnente. Rending Books, and Sunday School I ibra
ries, of 50 and 100 volumes each. All of which will
be sold on reasonable terms.
DUNHAM & BLEAKIEY,
je2o-d!mAw2m Booksellers. Augusta. Gs.
GROCERIES. GROCERIES.
THE BIBSCRIBERS are now re-
SBKjH ceiving an extensive awwiment nf Heavy
and Fancy GROCERIES, which they ot
ter to the Plansera, Merchants nod Famdi- s of Geor
gia, on the most advantageous terms. Their
is just above the rrincipa' Hotels, and they eol-cit
all j urch.isers visiting Avgusta, to favor them with a
call, and examine their S ock.
They u w offer the following Goods for sale low :
IQU oales Gunny BAGGING,
260 coils | inch Kentucky ROPE,
50 nhde. St. Croix, Porto Rico and N. O. SUGAR
lOObbh btuart’s crushed, groun * and yellow Do.,
250 b Java. Rio and I ugui a COFFEE,
300 kegs NAIL* 4 , Peru brand,
20 teas Swedes IRON, assorted sixes,
203 bbls. Canal Fl OUR, ol Urn Hi run Smith
an»l rthrr choice brands,
I Oil boxes S ertu, Adamantine a id Tallow CAN
DLES,
50,000 SF.GARS. of variousq-’olities,
TOBACCO. cf d.fferenl brands,
3,000 backs Liverpool SALT, m Sue order,
And ail other articles usually kept in the largest
Grocery Houses.
•I w J. R- A w - M. pow.
TO PLANTERS.
Til K und-rsigD, dw« ui.l respect.uliv inform the
Planters that he prepared to ‘‘urta.-h
SMALL GRIST MILI S
.<»— suitable to be at-
t ached to Gin
Gears, of differ
ent si»eSj and of
ti rect patterns
at tbe lowest rri-
w ™ u " «|j oca. Tbest * iHt
Jl 4 have given the
~ ** Jt highest satislee-
T V a tioa, and cants
B. ’i B compared with
a any from the
Ncrth.
Please give a
call before buy
iaa else where. Orders b» mail premptlv attended
yj WM. R. SCHIRMER,
Burr Mill Stone .Manu&etuver, Augusta, Ga.
|al<wACtf
ryA CERTAIN CURE FOR THE
w PILES
DR. HOWARDS VansrAßUß Rimxdy—
tra-nsnf«<-Thh? arkle is a s encr
Fceptmika f« Pile®, *“ d “*«» ««<'“«'« ““
frten bv a pci cation to the Agent.
rv3 ’ PHIL!P A. MObR
VKRSIFIGK. tr
iSe expulsion Worms trom i>» ha»” *y s '
<»■»■—l2dvxen ic« reeeiwd bv
*><>l6 PrilLiP A MOISB.
MISCELLANEOUS M-
TKR.VniiE AND NEWS.
New Cotton.
A bale of new Cotion, lhe first of the ?e&-
■on, was received in this city yesterday from
the Burke Plantation of Ljttleberry Bm
tick, Esq-, of Jefferson county. It was con
signed to M. F. Stovall, weighed 445 lbs ,
dissed Middling Fair, and was sold at
cents.
Appropos of these first bales of new Co ton,
the anxiety cf planters to hurry them into mar
ket, and have them heralded through the news
papers; we take occasion Io append ;he fol
lowing very pertinent article, communicated
by a Plainer to the New Orleans Bu/teDn
whi h wo hope Mr. Bostick, his overseers,
and every plan er in the cotton growing region
will carefully read and s'udy, thst tb?y may
see their annual folly reflected as in a mirror:
To ths Cottos Plasters or the United
States —Having been connected with the
Cot on interest since I was 20 years of age,
i; jw 47 years ago, either ts purciiasor, faqtor
or planter, and in ail these capcci ies, I feci more
reedom in addressing you, than I should as h
ran less identified wnh you, in promoting the
general welfare o - all in thia great national
staple, by which the whole world are s > gene
rally bonefitted. My object in making this
communication is for the purpose of showing
now much injury you sustain by Iho course
which is pursued by too many, and how much
you might remedy the gret»t fluctuations in the
price which you have to contend with, by adopt
ing a different one. Cotton next to public
stocks, has become a national objec , und like
that of stocks, is as much con’rolled by public
opinion.
Cotton is not only a national object with
’he United States, as the means of paying for
most of our importations ot foreign merchan
dise, and the interest on our pubic debt to
foreign h >*d j ,rs, but is a national object to Great
Britain, in supplying her immense body of op
eratives with constant cccupitijn, who con’d
not find the means of support without Ameri
can Cotton; and also furnishing full employ
ment for the almost incalculable amount cl
capital invested in her towns and villages
throirgboiF. the Kingdom in machinery, manu
factories and buildings, as we I as an immense
amount of shipping, without which they could
not be sustained, and their present value, v is!
as it is, wculd be a.mow’ anmnilated. Lis also
becoming a iiatoual object w th France, and
more or less so with other portion of the con
.ment ot Europe, for that portion of the world,
say France, Spain, BMgiu u, Holland, Germa
ny, Russia, and other countries on the conti
non , are now suppos d to con>ume about
eight hundred thousand hales of American
Cotton.and when we take into view the cheap
ncss wj h which ibis precious aricle of Cotton
furnielies clothing to the poorer as well as tne
higher or richer classes ot their popuia ion,
an I how immensely tbs value of die article is
enhanced by the labor they bestow upon it in
m mufactiiring, may we not consider it a na
tional object to nearly all Europe? And of bow
inestimable a va.’ue is it to New England, New
York, and other portions of this Union, in fur
nishing a profnab'e cinplorinerr tor the capital
invested lor its manufacnue and to ihcir ships
and seamen, as well as operatives ? And is it
not caoita! i’self, which isfurni»hed to all these
countries before named I 1 think, as I believe
every one wdl think who investigates the sub
ject, tiiHt it is a capiial to i's extent, furnished
them, far wi.bout this sme American Cotton,
all their investments before nam'd wan'd ba
nearly ruined, ii no annihilated and wha*. would
become of their pot r operatives, and where
would their vast tonnage of shipping find em
employment ? We arc in the foihit of think
ing and saying that Great Britain furn>he
•is with capital when we draw bills upon our
shipments of C-itton; what a mistake is this, ,
for we actually furnish her wi h capita! by
giving her the Colton we ship, of three (
months’ credit; no matter who shipsit, and ]
<lraws the bills, she obtained the credit on
bilo cf our Cotton shipped t a her por:s, ’
of three months at leas’, ihe average on (
which the bills mature from the time of iheir (
being drawn. And what cheap capital do we (
furntsli those coun ries I have named, who ,
manufacture it 7 from a pound of our Co'- j
ton codingsay 8 or 10 cents, they bestow
labor upon it, and return it io us, to tha ex
tent we consume of (heir fabrics, a*, an aver- (
age of 50 cents to cue dollar in lhe shape of
tfoods per pound. Whit a precious capital
;hen, mus* this be, which withdraws from us *
.air we<h a? such a rapid rate, with such n ,
fearful disparity between the price wo sell at |
and dint at which we purchase when it re urns ,
io hhj and yet we are the advocates of free |
irade. Free trade ! it not a mockery to
out selves to call lAin fret Ira it, reciprocal <
one between ua and them ? On® dm eo- |
uchos them, but impoverishes us But in <
regard to Colton, you aee by th© e!Uraord‘- j
?o thu sreet staple, so ue<io*vary .
much public opinion has to do with ih6 price .
of it; for it has been recently I.ke a great ba I, to j
which every cne has been disposed to apply ,
hie foot and he pit do .vn as fast as possible
Newspapers and let er write.-s have a 1 afford »
ed a helping hand to produce this rap’d decline ,
in cotton. I'ne planters ihanwalvee have been .
harrying their cotion to market, as i- tneir ,
lives depended on its iiuinedhte sale.— .
What folly to force the article on the market so ,
OHich faster than it is wanted ! There is no
just or reasonable occasion for this unprece
dented decline in the price of cotton.
There bno mote than is wanted (or .he con I
anniptiou of the world at present, though ii ha* ,
been more largely shipped to L verpool ctirwg t
the last se *so'i than tbe immediate denund re- <
quired, in consequence cf our own or Eas’.ern i
uafiuftcturersliiivii'g partially suspended their i
works ; but there is really no more cotton in i
Great Bn din (ban Will keep their stock et a r
medium sumd&rd of supply during the year, s
considering the present consumption au i ex- c
port demand; in.leed.il u quite apparent that 1
(he stock in England on the first of January a
next wll be even less than that on he first of <
January, 1851; and yet the price fa to 2sd- I
per pound less now than it waii in August List i
in Liverpool; a difference cf fully five cents a j
port nd lesa? I Why is (hi-’, when ’he stoca in f «
the United States is fully 50,000b’les Ism, and | ,
o ir American lac one hold le*s by more (han
50,000 bales more, making a d-fie re nee in the <
U’ i'ed Statesvf over 1001’00 bnles, which de- i
ducted from tno stuck iu Liverpool, will make i
it about the same it was last year a’ this period (
Our manufactories must be supplied soon— i
consequently they will he in the eariy fall mar
ket. 'There will be much less co', on shipped to
Engie nd, it is believed, the next five tn .ah’*,
t an iu th co-res. on ing live motnhs of la<t
year—sav from August Ist t January Ist
1552—because the manufacturers of tho Uni
ted Stalos will requ>re mucj tn-to than lest
< car during Fiat peri d. B i you, £8 planters
pur tie the most sni Ha’ pol.cj; whan your
crops I-ok a liule prcomiog, you report l£e
prospect of the greatest yied ever known, even
before a toll fa matured. When yon have a
blo'rn a little ear’.er than your neighbor, nr
boii of cotton open a week earlier ihnn com
mon, although of f reed or premature growth,
by reason of the rema?kab’y hot au 4 dry sum
mer it is true* peled forth in half the
perstn ibe countrj assomcii.inceitrai rdtnary;
and instead of keeping your kw bales oi co -
ion which you may gather in Augus*. until af
ter tbe Ist of September, to prevent injur.' to
jrices in heralding by telegraph the arrival ol
new cello i, you sirtve le be first in market
even by sending a tnlf ba»e (the fi st new cot
ton bate weighed 187 pounds, the usual weight
of a bate is 45U poun » )J’o mnrke’. This is
all wrong; the planter mould avoid every j
(hii g calc dated to convey the idea of a very ’
early or !arg« supply ot cotton, as il is seized >
upon a ith the gr ates’. avidity by the consu
mers to depress prices, w ich are always much
easter to get dow » than to get up. Tre reme
dy, the p anters have io their own hands. We
all know that two millions of batea of catton
will produce mere money O the United States
than three millions, owing to the great differ
ence in the pi’ce Which the former will com
mand over ihe i*uer Planleis knowing how
easily and to what extent wices are affected by
an oversupply, should, when that is the case,
Keep at .otue one fourth or one-third f their
re-pective crop*, which wou’d conec( (he evil.
The better remedy, however, would be, io
plan! lers cotton, and raise more corn, oats,
hav, potatoes, peas, mutes, sheep, and hogs;
make more of articles for no me use. and buy
.ess. By this course they could as well always
ha e 10 or 12 cente per pound for their c it on,
as 6or 7 The co.ton crop is a’leuiL d wnh
much b z rd aud uncertainty, and the labor of
,-avirg it very great, while the hsrds are much
exposed to » ckuess and dealt), dunug the hot •
months of tt e p"eking season. Lst toe cotton,
spinners in the shade come in tie mentis of
Augnsi and and see our negroes
toiling in Lite dews of ne morning, drenched
with we», and at mid day broiling tn the sun,
and then say if the planter is too well paid a
It) and 12 cent* for co ton. So long a« plan
ters s nve to make so much more cotton than
is wanted, strive to hurry a few bi.es’.J market
earlier than his neighb* r, talk very loudly of
heir growing crop, and puMi-h in the news
papers ’ha first blossom or the first boil of cot
ton open, with a vi*»w ro precedence of their
ue ghbors, so long, except m v »ry short crop
years, they must expect ruinously low prices;
for the spir.ner will instead of encouraging
the growe r to make a fun supply alwa. s lake
advantage of a little larger stock, or a lit’.l
more favorable prospect in the growing c r op,
to depress prices a’l be can. previously to lay
ing in a supply, when hs makes large contracts
for goods and yarns —then he is reaiy for a
rise >u cotton, shonld it come, and he real zes
enormous proSvonhi.’ manufactures Will
the cotton p anter never lea’a to be wise, and
odlv supply the demand. There wul be ju.-t
as much cotton consumed at 10 certs ss it 6
cents, while breadstuff* and provisions and
•noney continue so plentiful, and the working
classes so comfortable as they are at present in
Eog’aad and ca tbe coni Dent of Europe.
Let tne planters see (he result of their fody
.q picking out every boll and half boll of i«u
perfect and worthless cotten during the most
eiiraord’.DXry long and fia® s*a -□ of last u
*.umn. By saving about 200/XM bates of *be
tnos. inferior trash, (ox op to the high price)
among which were and tens of thou
sands of uametotrentabte ’‘dug as taey
GJOOSTI, HA., WEBNBSVAf iMORNINO. AVGUST iff. 1851
are t ailed gin mote'j or falls and soeds < : n *
real v due whatever, but all served m swell the
liH’ of receipts at be ports. This I Inva myself
witnessed nt your gin hou’ceand on the factor*
tables in New Orleans These 200 000 bales,
had they been burned at your plantations, or
suffered to rot in your fields, woul<l have mad
a difference in ’r.e actual amount of money
received for your late crop, say abau- haff or
1 100,000 bales, of three cents if not more,
per pound or 13£ dollars per bale, equal t >
$14.5*50 0001! which you have given io the
spinner Pjinces of England, by your unwise
course in saving ihe worihless trash—besides
influencing tht' coming crop ’o your future fos«-
cf about $33 0(10 000 more, being the differ
ence between 10 cen s per pound an 17 cents
the probable coming price, say on 2500,000
bales, which 1 presume t: e crop may be, bui
not more—all this you have a prospect of losing
by your suicidsl c >urse in saving every worth
less boll ol cotion last full, and by your extrav
agant and untrue reports of the ex ent of the
coming crop. These are startling facts, but
nevertheless ootrue.
A Veteran Farmer and Planter.
The Slave Trade.—An American officer
writing from the naval station on the south
west coast of Africa, to the Philadelphia Inquir- !
cr, eays of the Slave Trade :
When I was ordered to this stat! n, 1 thought,
like a great majority of persons, that the sup
pression of The slave-trade by cruisers wasim
possible, and I ridiculed the very idea. But
eighteen months of cruising and observation
have convinced me to the contrary. We are now
aoout to leave the for St. Helena, on our
way to Porto Praya, with the gr&tlfyinp knowl
edge that the slave-trade is at its lowest ebb
more completely broken tip than it has ever be
fore be n.
This is certainly very gratifying to all friends
of humanity, and goes toprove what benefits
have arisen, and can slill arise, from squadrons
being kept on the coast of Africa. For thi'.ty
years the English Government had some few
rnen-of war here, but not until 18-15 did they
use ihe means now in opoiation to put down
this iniquitous traffic. Tweuy-seven cruisers,
mostly steamers, on this coast, and as many
mote on the Braziis, have al last brought the
trade to its last “ gasp.” True, they have been
assisted by the French and American squadrons,
and this assistance has been veiy great, for
without it they could never have suppressed the
trade—the “ right of search’not being allowed
by the French or American Governments to
these vessels. Lately, also, assistance has been
rendered by the Brazilian Government, a decree
having been passed which prohibits the intro
duction of slaves into the Brazi ian territory.
Thesa last aids were very tardy, though; for the
decree bears date of November, 1950, and until
the appointment of Uo nmander Gregorgy, cut
little was done by our squadron to prevent
slavers from using (and abusing) the American
flag. At one time, early in 1919, seven or eight
suspected vessels, and ad under American
colors, were at anchor at Abriz, the greatest
slave depot on the coast. Information of the
fact being given to Commodore Gregory, this
brig was instantly dispatched to that point, and
in fess than six nunths two large prizes were
made, and sent to the United States. Since
f.en notan American slaver has appeared south
of the Equator.
Tidimgs of Sib John Framklin. —Tho fol
lowing communication appeared in the Dun- (
dee Advertiser of the 25ih nil. It will be seen <
by tho news by the steamer Arctic, in another
column that the story is generally credited n <
England—
— Dundee, July 22J. 1854. '
.Mr. EDiroSft—Through (he iccdiuu of !
your highly rt™ectable paper, I b-g to lay the (
following import irt particulars before th put> ,
he.
D seovery of the bodies of fuu? Shifo*?, sup*
pM<d to be of the crew uh) accompanied i
Si* John Franklin O i Saturday. 19. h u!L. f
the whaler F;ora, cf Hu!!, J. Robb, mister,
v.ho has been out one and a half years, rant ’
anchor at Strotnnese, and sent her letters by. ‘
post. A letter was received »n Aberdeen on J
Monday by Mr. John D uglaas. King street,
from his brother, Mr. G. Douglass, mate of the *
aioresaid ship. It contains the following uffeQ- (
ting narrative : j
‘•ln February last our ship’s crew partially i
ab&ndono I »he vessel, and erected a large snow i
house on the shore, it being in many respects i
more comfortable than o:> board, and uet:er 1
stii.ed for hunting operation*. We Ind been ’
at that time five months frozen up in Lmcis
ter Sound. In <»ae of eur exau r sions we felt f
tn with a psrty of Esquimaux Indians nine in .'
number; they had a s'iglr knowledge of our
I ngitsge ; they inquired whether w:< were j
English or Americans. On being satisfiad on a
that point, they inquired if wo belonged to f
Chi-f Frankici. Tno idea now flashed upon j
our minds that they knew tomelhing of Sir i
Jahn and his crew, and we answered in ’he ’
tiffinia ive. They then pointed to tho right, h
to a towering heap of snowy rnounttin?, and (
by their ges urea they signified they hid gone J
to sleep. We brought them to our snow e
house, when 1 instantly reported the case to :
Mr. Rabb, our captain, and it was agreed that e
a-party of twelve men would accompany s
and probe thoir ACctry to the f<»und;uioi». a
Tua p?rty consisted of Air Pago our surgeon, o
J. Brown, Wtfaua Bfair, flail Mur
r a V ,
'Tftrtyrfaeamen,) and myself We had x plo“?r
--fulsupp'yof provisions, which were packed f
into all tt hot otned boat, which was cover-d f
with se'.l skins, und several rifles, spears, &c.
We slatted o i our dreary journey on March ,
27th. Our route was o eof iho wildest t
whichcan oe cunjoctured. We proceeded iu a j
z!g zag cottree up one hill, down another, (hen c
to the right, t entotbo left, then tn the right <
agam. On be fourth day symptoms of dis I
content began to be manifetted by onr hardy 1
wra, our feet w* re cut .it: • wot tided wild the ,
sharpo projecting fragments us ic —tho th-’w
was se'tin,’ in, and w ; were eppreh-nsive us ■
b«»tf g burisu by ibe filling avalanch of snow > ,
which desca ids like ii^hmingdown the ?• des (
cf (he m •untaius O<i the 10. n day. April 5t *, i
our guides led us imu a large natural amptii
theatre among the mountain?. Afer a jour •
ticy of Rome mites wo descried some h ni r •
waving over tfio *n nv— >nd it was w black sdk
nsndkerchief tied to the top of a walking J
stick. We eagerly drew out the staff, and '
commenced operations by digging about two
feet deep. Wo came on the body of a man, j
and in a few minu et afterwards we discover- ,
ed three uther bodies. They were frozen (
like icicles; decompuniiiou had not com- «
inenced The r beards were lorg and shag- i
gy, whda their rigid features and wasted limbs
spoke in the language cf nature —they hid
died from wan:.
Thoir dress was that of British seamen in
cold l i iiudes. One man had his name writ
ten, cr rather engraved, oa his arm, u H
Carr.” Tho rest were all inoro or less mark
ed, some had cro-ses i n iheir breas , others
aurs,ships, letters, &c. Our hearts sickened
at (he sight. We replaced them in tbeir cold
desolate graves, and e». up the same sad me
mento mori. Poor follows, 1 exclaimed, yut; ;
have attempted to regain your homes by au
overlai d jmm y, but yoa aru left in the !
d-?*«*rt.
Tne Indians could give us no inoie intel.i-j
gence. so we re’urned. The most ioasonable |
conjecture is a large party had set out Gum
Str John Frankhnte expedition; four had
thus periled; iu all probabdi y the whole are
now dead.
[Extracts Com the letter of Mr. G. Douglas
to Mr J »nn Douglas, Aberdeen, on board die ,
F J
By inserting the letter, you will obhge, |
yours respectfully, Thonis Rxid.
Etesu’.ion of the Cosdcn Mir decs's — Wo
laarn by the passengers in the steamer Cecil,
which cao*e up ias: night, that the execution
ofTaylor, Murphy and Sheldon, the parties
convic .e'.j of iho horrible murder of the Cosden
family, to'>k place io the vicinity cf Chester
town, bet ween 11 and 12 o’clock, The expec
tation that a confession would be made by
•he co d«mncd mtn prev oubto their execu
| tion was nut verified. The whole ihree woro
, p’aced on tho scuff Id at once, and afe tbe
■ religious service? had concluded. Murphy and
Tavlor successive ly addressed the spectators
and declared their innocence or the crime <d
which th jy had been convicted and averted
’hat their lives hsd been sworn away. Taylor
not only assorted his innocence, but decla sd
il at ho had no: seen Murpny tor five jears un
til he met tiiio in ja I. and that he bad no pre
vious knowledge of S.ieldon. The latter,
who appeared much more depress d than hu
compam ns, made no remarks, neither confes
sing or denying hir guilt. Both Taylor aud
Murphy, we understand, exnibited a great de
gree cf foitiiude.
it v’as int u ted to have hung the whole three
together, but when the trap fell, from some
disarrangement cf :he rope, the noose around
Murphy’s neck slipped, and he fell to the
ground. Though considerably stunned and
his neck lacerated by the rope, the unfor
tunate man so "'ll recovered hi? conscious
ness, and whilst iu lbw awful s.tua ion,
with the partners cf his guilt hanging
! before lis eve-, be perefated in <iße aring hi
innocence, and affirmed repeatedly t at they
were raking the life of aa iuuocent man.
As er the bodies of Sbeldoa aud Tayior hid
bung a sufficent »ime they were ak- n down,
and Murrhy azam mounted the scaffold and
endured be penalty of the law.
The painful spectac e was witnessed by an
immense concourse us persons who had as
sembled from all parts of the surrounding
country, 'foie prisoners were attended by
c ergymen from the vicinity, with whom they
engaged in religions services for several hours
previous to the execu ion.—Bof American
Saturday.
CokxOe x.vn Dzpo-its at ihe Naw Oa-
LXASS Mist —Tt e following i- a statement of
the deposits and coiaag? at the Branch .Mint,
1 New Orleans, during the month us July, 1851:
’ —.V O. Pic.
‘ DEPOSITS.
1 Go d bu11i0n•8299,421 82
’ Silver boilisa 7.36*04
1 TT" - T
i Total value cf deposit?f 297,286 86
I COISAGE.
> Gold—-12 0 .*0 double ssges-* 8240,0 ft)
; 32,500 esi?'e •••...• i>-5 ■■CO
r 2>J.OUO gold dollars. •• 20 0.0-8585,000 00
, Silver—4i),lX)} quarter dolk s It* ( ft)
450,000 three ex. p ece» 13,000 23,000 00
' Total value of eoinase.So.?.soo 00
t UsPFICEDXWTKD DISPATCH —Th© Si- LoU-S
- R-pub tcau cf the 2d iu»L notices th- receipt
e □ mat c.:y. by the Aleck Scots, of mvrcuin
) disc from Na.v York, which was taken :!.e
i whole wa». v.a New Orleans in filtssi days
v N O. Pie
POLITICAL,
♦ _
7’or Senline’.
I have watched dr.’h some solicitude the po
li ical discussion no#:'going cn in this Stair
relative to the i?suW to the people.
I have endeavored to d* lo partie?,
> and ha*?e honestly sought tor the truth, to
ascoruin, if poiubh, which ferty was actuated
by a desire to promote the public good. On
the -ne side, I have obs * ved a fair, candid.
. open, honest position taken, relative to men
and measures. The Cootfi utional Union
party has planted itself Upon a platform that
recognises tke
it is, and ths ns i* is. On the
other h .nd, the Southerii R’gfte party declare
the Constitution to have bean violated, pre
tend to adhere to the Union, denounce the
Compromise, and assert ihetdegrsdation of
the South.
I The questions for ths peopls p, decide, are
I first, which ia right as to and secondly,
• in whose hands would the *lght?, integrity
and honor of the State be safest. Has thea»
’he Constitution b en violateMii) any cf the
mea-mres known as the adjaskoent ? Ii so,
io which ? Was it violated iaiha
of Califoroia into the Union is a State ? I
presume upas this point, the fpinions of Sir.
Crtlh >uu will or ought to have ima influence
On the 19 h of February. 1417, that distin
guished Senator introduced a of Reso
iut ous, iho fourth and lastof/VMch is in the
words following : . 1 /Joi*
“ 7?es Ivtd, That aa a prinpio’e in
our roJiiiaatc**e*k'-« people in 8 UffffSuhitlon
have the unconditional right to form aad ad-pt the
Government which they may think boat Calculated
to secure their libeitv, prosperity and happiness;
and that in conformity thereto, no aUier con'Ji.ion is
i nposed by the
older to be ad mi ael into this Union, except that its
Constitution shall Le Republican ; and that the im
position at any other by Coagrejs would not only be
n violation of the Constitution, but in direct con
flict wills the principle on which our political sys
tem rests.”
The introduction cf thc-e resolutions was preced
ed by a speech character zed with the usual force
and uoihty that marked all of Mr. Calhoun’s efforts —
and while the resold ions themselves are so plain and
distinct that “he who runs may read,” it may not be
roprir.te to give the commentary with the text.
The object cf .Mr. Calhoun in introducin' his re
solutions was to place the South upon the ground
they would contend for in the f*ttlement of the
.<! > very qict’j-jn. iu reference to the acquisiti'.n of
Territory that misht result from the policy < f the
Administration ’hen in power. Most of ihe North
ern States had held doctrinesaatagonijicel to the
propoei ions laid down by Mi. Calhuun, and hence,
wi:h his accustomed sagacity, he saw the necessity
of fortifying the South against encroachments that
would, if r?ut successfully resisted, Io id to a dissolu
tion of the Union.
Mr. Caihoun hers rose and said : “ Mr. President,
i rise to offer a set of resolutions in reference to iho
various resolutions fro u the State Legislatures upon
the fill', ject of what they call the extension of slavery,
and the proviso attached to the House bill, cal ed
ihe three iui lion bill. What I propose before I
tend my resolutions Co the table is. to make a few
explanatcry remarks.
“ Mr. President, it was solemnly asserted on ibis
floor some time ago, tbot all parties in the non slave
ho! Png St ites had come to a fised and solemn d?-
termination u|)on two propositions. One was, that
there sho > d be no further admission i f any Stat s
into this Union, which , ermitted by their Const.tn
tion the’xistence of el-vc y; and the other wa«
that slavery shall mt hereafter exist in any of the
Terri or es of th > United Stales; the effect of which,
would be th give to the non-slavehd ling Sti»es, the
mono poly o( the public doinitii, to the entire exclu
sion of the s avehcl .ing Stites.”
To prove that ! .ii<re was some foundation for this
declaration, Mr Calhoun cites the facta, t’.iat seven
of the non-slaveholding States had sent to the Sen
ate and House of Representatives of the American
Congress, solemn resolu T using the strongest
possible tan-unge to tint effect; and a bill from the
House of Kt pr.-s ntatives “prohibited the extension
of slavery to any Territory which miy be acquired
by the United States ere ifter ” After showing the
relative of ihe different sections of the Union
iu the National Cofi cil, an I proving ihe minoiiiyof
ihe Soi.tMr. Calhoun asks, is there any reme y.
and answers the question by appealing to the Consti
tution —an I then holds this language ;
** How d j we stand in referee e to this Territo. ial
q ics’i n—this public donain of ours? Why. sir,
what is it? I’ is th-s common property cf the
' ta’es cf shirt Union. They are cn'JeJ the Territo
rien of the Uni cd States. An.: whtt are '.he United
St te* but the States united ? Sir, these Territories
are the property of the States united ; held j in ly
for their common use. And is it consistent with
j istice -w it conuis-tent with equality, tint any por
tion of the partner* outnumbering another pirtion,
shall ou?t them ia this c in man property of th»dw
shall pass any law which ebdl proscribe the citizens
of oilwr portions of the Union from emi.'r.iiing
with their property to the Terrdories nf ih-? United
States? Would tha* be consistent —can it bo con
sistent with the idos cf a common property, hold
jointly for tbecormnon benefit of alt ? Would it Le
wj Considered in private* bfe ? Waul I ft not be con
sidered cjiirxge.in the world, and which
any Court on the face vf.tiic gLbw would at once
overiule?
*l:'* *" ■*'" r’--.i-
whicirini.™"la•»y We -HU el>.,llt>3 ad*
milted nlo this'Union, not pr Libit by |
its Conrtitutvm the existence of slave?, is eq .ally a
great outrige against the Constitution cf the United
Stites. Sir, I hold it to he a fundamentj! principle
nf our political eysietn, that the have a light
t«; e.'-tabiish what Government t* ey taay think
proper for th' in elves ; that every State about to be
c< me a member of this Union ha* a right to form its
own yoveroment as it pk-ase* ; and tint in ord ' - to
be admitted therein but one qualification, and that is,
that the Acveruinent eball be republican. It is not
so ex ressiy prctcribinl by the instrument iuelf, but
by th.it er- section which guuran •estotv ry
ate in this Um ;n a republican form of Govt rnment.
N >.v, ir, whit is proposed I I is proposed, from a
vaeiie, indefinite, erroneous and io st dangerous
conce tion oi p.-ivi’e individual liberty to overrule
th : B gre i common liberty which a pe r pe have of
tr u'.og their own t ’onstitution! Sir, the individual
right of r.ien is not nearly so easily to be otaldi. 'i
u : by any eouree of reasoning, as his common li er
ty. And yet,sir. there are men of inch <le i.-nte
feeling uthes ; jyet of lib-.riy—there are men who
cannot riM ? ibiv b ar wh t they call slavery in one
Fcctian of th* co m rv- (un i it is not «*o much slavery
a-aniuo station indi-petreable f;r the good of Doth
race?) —men ho squeamish on ihisroint, that they a r e
ready to sink? down the higher right of a cotumuni
ty to govern themselves, in order to ma'niain the
absol uo right of individuals in all circuinstanc.-s,
to govern themst Ires.
Mr. President, the resolutions that I have pro
posed, present in exact terms these great truths
I propose io present them to Iho Senate ; I propose
la have a voL.'upO ' them ; and 1 hast there is no
geailsmsn here who will refuse a direct vole upon
these proi.F'w'-tfons It is mainly that we shall
know t e eiate of things.
“ I’ is dur t ■» our constituents that we should insist
upon it; and I, as. ne, will insist upon it tha* the sense
of this body shal l be uken; the body which repre
sems the States in their capacity as communities,
;nd the members o? which arc to be their special
Iguardiaao. It due to 'hem, sir,that there should
be a la«r expression of what is the sente of this body.
Upon that expression much Uare&ds. It is ’he only
I stand wh'ch we c.sn hive, it is the only position
I which we can take, which will upheld us wit 1 * an -
I thin i like independence —which will give us any
I (basis) at all to maintain an equality in tu's Union, ou
ihoaa great p inoiples to which I ba'ehad refereice.
Ovaftulo the principles, ard we are nothuv* I
Preserve them, an I we wi 1 ever be a reepcc able
portion of the community.”
Vide Un on newspaper, of the I9di Fcorojry,
1 1347 which was one of theseiectcd papers to p.b
ihsh Senate debates
If, then, the pt incipies laid dewn by Mr. Calhoun
ate in accordance with the doctrines of the Constitu
tion that sacred instrument was not violated by the
admission of Califonr* into the Union as a S’ate. It
this common I bettv gives to a people, forming a State
Constitution, the right to permit slavery, it certainly
accord; the eppesue right to prohibit it. But the
friends of the Union an! i c Consr.tu ion are not left
in doubt upon this pa nt. Congress. cU/noSv nerhaZim
complied with Mr. Calbcua’a tlemamis, aud enacted
itui when the territory of New Mexico, or any por
tion cf the same at plied for admi sion as a State, “it
sh'itld be received into the Union, with or without
si ve y, n? their convtitu’’ n prescribe at the
nme ot their admission.” T:ie two propositions
against Mr. Calhoun contended, tne Wilmot
Proviso, and the declaration that no slave States
should hereafter be admitted n.’» the Udon, were
b'ith voted down »n I the doctrine?, as contained iu
the Teso ation- off red by the distinguished South
Carolinian .a 1817, maintained.
1 Lave not referred to ths records of the pa>’t, to
shew uj ths in onsi-*tency of the followers o* Mr.
Cs'houu ; tut that thH people u»-iy understand what
these men contended for, prior to the issue that re
suited in the adjustment measures. And, if as I
have shown, they advocated principles and doctrines
P r*. r to the settlement ot the territorial question,
which have been fully recogn z d in ihe setitemeat,
I appeal to you, citizens of Georgia, to know if they
have any right to your confidence in their assertions
that (be Compromise bills are au cu rage upon South
ern Rights I Io 1317, before .be question involved
in the acquisition of territory, growing out of the
Mexteiu war, was fairy before the coin’rv the
Ca'boun reb'ol cf poli’icians held, and < t. ink cor
r c ly, that Congr-wi ohould not law which
w uld proscribe the citizens rs . ne portion oi the
Inion from emigwing with their property to the ’er
ritortes u» the Uoi ed Mates ; as also that every State
about to become a member of thia Uuicn. has a right
to form ita own government a? it pteaees ; and that in
order to be admitted, ’here ia but one q nhfiealioi,
end that ia, the government shall be repub.'can. In
addition to this, lhat grea Senator Je•-fared, in his
place in the Senate of the United States, that co
•• overrul? these principles and we are noihing—pre
eetve ihe<n and we will ever be a respectable porti »n
ot the comißuniry. 1 ' Mark languige, k ‘we wi.?
erer be a
These principles were preserved in the a- j is'inant,
and yet you will find meo at the South that talk
about dishonor aud degradation. What are the lasts;
In 1-47, Mr. Gabon a laid downs platform ufoo
which th* South can stand, an.Ha 1350 the very
principles cf that platform are recogniz-d and enact
ed into laws in which taey are practically sustaioe •,
and almost ibe very language used and yet party
r is framed, (rnos. o< toem his followers in 1347,) de-
a me vtrv J .Kinoes for *b‘ch we have con
tended. Mr. Calhoun ea ; d hioiseif, in the speech
which I have that the North held ‘hat m
Stale shaft hereafter be admit ed that recognized
slavery f and ttar no territory should te rganizsd
’ without a clause probiidiing the introduction of
I slavery—and yet in the adjustment measures, about
’ I wh ; :b men are ready to dissolve the Union, the North
> | is vanquished and Mr. Cainoon is triumphant, h
1 will not da ior the friends cf Mr. Calhoun to say that
I the South is excluded from ths territories by the v»ex
ican law. for that naie*ma» held tbe ep,x*fte d-ac
irinc, end they vindicated and sumired hw position
Tbeo, if Mr <Jai .oun is goxi avthority, the Consti
> (alien b*.» eot oeen violated by the ad unction or Cal
- ifornia into the Unica as ® state. Nor, according to
t* «he £a<ue aurhori’y. has that instrument been
infringed ch ibe taws making innboriJ governments
B Irr Uuhaad Njw Mexico. Ti>e faguive slave law
1 is admitted t be con-t > n d the la w prohibit
in? the iLtroducrtoo of slaves into tbe D«stiict of Co
e j übia for the rar? ose o' site, dMs not admi a doubt
- That ii is xstitcdocil lawyer will dcuy, and
that it is politic the people of the district hsve as
tn-i-Jt right » > j<’dge r« the people of a State have
relative to similar laws nmeralng iheir own pnlify
If ihfii. iho (’uustitu ion baa net been vinli'.cd, th;
’ Union ia not oppre*-ive, and continue* to diaronnn tU
its blcFsings and afford protection to iho people of the
States in the enjoyment of their rights ol perron ant!
property, and tho compromise Inn not impa : red om
• equality in the Gonfeder icy, or dojr-ided «e in any
in inner, what better security could you have thantc
’ eu«ta n a party that to the Conelitct i«»n a* it is,
- the Union as it i?, and the Com prom ic a* it is.
But there is one view of this controversy now g ing
on in Geor.de, that should cause the people not t<j
hesitate ono momeot in eel-cting vu’irdians ol their
<i »htj and their honor —and that is, that while G v.
McDonald and his friends hold lb i your rights ho ve
been outrage ? the Constitut on of your country vio
lated and you degraded, they arc wi to submit!
I am free to confess, U 3 a native Georgian, that if I
believed that her rishis had been infringed, her honor
tarnished, her people degraded, and the helmet of bee
salvation—the Consdtulnn cf the country —rent in
twiin, I would never rest un il h- r independence
was acknowle>fa : d by (ha nations of the earth. I
would never Peek far protection under (he alstract
right of n State to seiede from the t’nion ; nor would
[ ony other man or set of men look to the theory cf
j State Rights and Slate Sovereignty for a remedy
against vassalage and degradation, who di>l n;t de
serve to bo all t . ey acknowledge and more too.
Gov McDonald, in a la'e letter, sava he ’• knows
of no adjustment by Congress of ;he slavery and ter
ritorial questions, The inea-ures so called contain
not a single element o< an a j istment. The South
has reo uved no equivalent for the enormous injustice
wh.ch has been done her l y their enactment—and
what remedy, people of Georgia, do you suppose fie
recommends for Ifiit? enormous injustice? Petition —
no; remonstrance—no; nuliifica ioo—no; secession—
nv; revolution-—no: but tbo abst act right of a State
(o secede from the Union at pleasure, and tfien sub
mit! And this is the man to whom, you are a«ked,
to confide the honor and the character of the b’ta'.e !
Will you do it? Heaven forbid I
Then a milling, people of Georgia, that you have
changed your opinions, as exure«-iq4 -
C.'Dveotios uriWWftevii e m Li-*r,emb«r!-
ib« ■ou'netf lo’iova th .t by th? Compromise bi'fa
voor rights have been outraged, the Constitution ot
the country violated, and you, as a State claiming io
te eq ial, degraded, aud your equa ily destroyed, the
important question pre.-ea’s iuelf, wh thcr it would
be wise to entrust your present condition, your rights
and your honor to a party whose only remedy is eub
missi'n; claiming, h wever, that if hereafter you
should wish to avail yourself of an effic ; ent remedy,
you have a right to secede from the Uni »n. Before,
however, you place your honor in trfo safe keeping « f
such a party , it would ba well to have this question
settled. If outrage up?a your rights, “ enormous
injustice,' 1 insult and degradation as a co-cq iul S:a(e,
are not sufficient to put in practical operation the ab
stract right of a State lo secede at pleasure, what
lower depth in the scale of humiliation is necaseary
to bring out the shining qualities cf this g orious
remedy. Justice.
For the Chronicle and Ssntinel,
To the State Men of Giorgi-*.
Tbe Gubernatorial election in Georgia has
elicited the discussion of a question, embracing
the ancient faith of many of us. The issue
of union or disunion has presented a new phase
iu the political world. Men, who have stood
hitherto opposed lo each other, are now united,
and both parties,as termeilyd vided,ha vepreaetil
ed candidates for Governor, taken from one oi
th so panics. Tne question of destroying the
Government is one which should unite all hearts
and hands, and abolish all parties. It is no
child’s play to break up the relations of the Gov
ernment, which have existed for seventy years.
One hundred millions of dollars will not defray
the loss the people of Georgia will sustain by
her withdrawal from the Union.
The party advocating Disunion have raised a
collateral Issue and addresses it to us in order to
gain strength to their inbvenient of Disunion,
and out former prejudices are a •pealed to to sus
tam them because they advocate Sece sion as a
biate Right. The shrill note of iho fie never
filled the soul of a warrior with greater fire, than
the name of State Rights has animated me
Andi had almost consented to swerve iron the
allegiance I owed my country, to follow after the
cry/ But, before I did that, 1 c mid but a; k my
self, whether if Mr. McDon? Id advocated secession,
he (hereby became a State Rights mtn 1 have
thought en that question for weeks, I have in
vestigated every point, and now feel ashamed
that T ev<r yielded to the oouot fur a moment,
that as cessio-iist was a State Rights man. But
lam line others who ware captivated by the
nam n ; reflection has pointed out my error, and I
am free to confess it.
I well remembe r the excitement produced in the
Legislature of our State in 1930, by a debate on
the subj t of State Rights, in which G >v.
Towns and Mr. xMcDo laid on the one side,
□id Charles D augherty, Charles J. Jenkins,
J no. H. Howard and Robert A. Beall on the
other.
By turning to the old files of the Southern Re
corder, I see that Gov. Towns denied the right
of a State to s ce l.: without the consent of the
other States. Mr. McDonald sai ’ that the States
hadno sovereignty but such as should be adjudged
to them by tno Supreme Cpu.tot the United
Stat s—that a sovereign State could com-nil trea
son and refis'/fon—that Gov.'i’roup, on account
of his State Rights principl a. was a trai ,r and
* faith'en to the lie asserted the
tariff of 1323, was constitutional, aud affirmed
and followed the doctrines of Daniel Web-ter,
throughout. 1 looked a little farther on, and in
the year 1833. I naw that McDonald affirmed at a
meeting in MiUcdgevi'lo a resolution declaring
State Rights a ncesy, and the nrjuclp es nf the
£ ar y 52 ?s^***- a * p f * ac fok ß .?*
Finding such as tiit'so p ofessad by
Mr. McDonald, I necessarily had my prejudices
aroused against the opinions he might give utter
ance to now, at least I fed I was bound to ex
amine his principles closely before I could re
ceive them as Stale R ghts doctrines. And al
low met) say io you, my friends, that investiga
tion has satisfied'nie thoroughly thet Charles J.
.McDonald >s that same Federalist to-day, he was
twenty years ngo
Let us examine this question, bring it down to
the test of pritv-iplrs and see what we are doing
To be n di union it dn-s not make a mana
State Rights man. Every member ol tLe Hart
ford Conveniio i was for s cession, and they
used the Very same argument in its favor that
Mr. McDonald»luc« —but thaedid not make th-rn
State Rights men. Harrison Gay Ohs live i
and died a Federalist, and yet he was the advo
cate us Secess on.
Whit do we r.ie-m by St.t* Rights? Why
q 'i<i g more than this. When ih c* r •
States T 'rme.i this Ui.fan they d -teg red ce tn. n
rights to the Federal U •■uimv-nt a. 4 reserved
the to tho.i:selves, i .use reseivtd
rights ar.r calie 1 State Iv.hte. .Now’ this new ■
relation of Government gave rise to another
class of Siuic Rights, and these were the rights
to judge s\ hether th .• general Government usurp
ed a:iv of the rights of the State no’, and the
right to check or prevent that usurpation. The ‘
general Government was composed in its Icgisla
tive department o’, representatives ir -m each
btate, and if any usurpation of right took place
it .vas done by the representatives of the several J
States which had formed the Government. The
States were ail equally sovereign, and each had
the right to an equality oi judgrne.it. One f
State had the right to judge whether there was o
an usurpation, and the »• her State -ha < a right {
to judge also If this right to ju :ge wis taken £
away» then the States ceased to be equate.
State Rights men have always looked to the
opinions of Mr. JclLrson and Madson for
their ifitii on this point. Ia the Kentucky reso 5
lu-ions of 179', Mr Jeff rson, after denying that (
the Supreme Court could judge, says ‘ as in ad
other cases of compact among patties having no
common umpire, each pirty has an equal right to
judge for it self as well of infractions as of the
m foie and measure of icdress.” This is the d te
trine of Slate Rights, reco. u zmg distinctly the ‘
so; :reignty and tho equality of the Stales *•
Equality is the consequence of sovereignty, ard (
whoever denies equality, it matters nor how loud
bis boasts, effectuaUy denies sirertdrnt'.', and is a 6
federalist. Thegrcat S.ate u New York has .o |
more right than Georgia, and Georgia no more *
right tlfan Delaware. P is our pride and onr ‘
boast, an iit is mat which gives to ihe doctrine of ‘
State Rights i s beauty ana its harmony, that the
States art equal. And the man who by h s doc
tri: es would tub the Mates oi this, their high st
boast, their dourest of all rights, is an enemy
to our cause, and deserves the hatred of every
riend of liberty.
Let us try Mr. McDonald’s claim as being a *
State Rights man by the rule adopted by the .
State Rights party. ,
First, he says that the ‘’Supreme Cou’-t or inc
United Stales is ’he power having the authority .
ro cetermine on the sutereign'y gi the States. ]
tie ?ays a s -ver ign Stale can commit il treason
and nbe!tion.”
In asserting thlf doctrine Mr. McDonald de
nies eve ythng of finh which State Kigots '
men deciare. He Cenics that a sovereign State
can sez'de itoin the Union for any act o: tyran
ny and oppression, hjwever great and oppres
sive-and if s-he resists any act of the Federal ‘
Government, even (he abolition oi slavery in
Georgia, we incur the pains and penalties ot
treason and rebellion. This will never do for
State Rights doct ine. Wo should live under a
despotism, if seven judges of the Superior
Court, who owe their power and place to the
Government committing the usurpation, are to
cietermioe the sovereigntv of a State, and conse
quently the right to resist oppression.
Let us follow up Mr. M Donald to 1833, ana
see if we can find his love ot S i’»* Rights
there. In that year the estate Rights parly was
formed which adopted the roifawing resolution :
•‘Th .t the Virginia and Kentucky re«-^’•tens
as consTued and understood by
and triQf’ , phsn’.’:y acted noon in b and i
in if is State, constitute the creed of the state
Rights part; ofGeergu.”
A few days after this. Mr. McDonald supported
a resolution declaring that this doctrine was a
Atfresy, and the principhs oi the Hirtfora Con
vention Federalists. 1 thins no in in wall take
him for a Slate Rights man jci bat it is said
that un his way to Nashvii ein Its. -’. »ue
of Ta-sus, a light above the bngntne«s of the
noon day sun fa. upon him, and suddenly the
sea tea fell from his <.-ves, an J ne and em- ,
braced the State Kigh’sdoctrine, and that now he
is fit tube a teacher !! ! .
I will let the teacher rest just at this pout oi
his conversion, an 1 in my next will consider
what of State Rights there is in the new iaitn
of which Mr. MeDona J has becam- a *<•¥*«■
A State Rights Mas or la;2.
For the Ch-oriidt and Sentinel.
To the State Rights Men ot Georgia.
NO. 2.
The false issue which Mr. McDonald and his
party are making to draw us into his support,
cinnotavail him. The rapidity of his conver
sion shows, that his mind never passed through
the various stages of conviction, necessary to
that conversion, and the faith, he now proclaims
is one that ntither reason, justice or patriotism
ha. dictated. He has passed from one extreme
■ to snotner, and he has tsken a position to an
-1 swer an eric!, without any weli settled principles
, to Lead him lo It. The new faith which Mr. .'-.c-
■ Donaldadvoeo-.s , that a Siam, withcrwita
-OUt cause, may withdraw from the Union, and
Ithat the general G'-vcmment, tho ag nt o. a *
•iie Sta-es’to aecotn.ilisn certain obccts. cannot
M their agent and in the pursuitot tnese otyects,
either by torce or any other wise, require mat
i3sl
e, 1 Siate to e miply wiffi its engagements, and that
p. ' when orc State ju lges the compact violated, the
ia other .States are o >un lto yield and submi* to
e the judgment of that one State!
ic Concede this doctrine to b- true, and there ia
d an end to me equality of the States. Their sove
ir rcignty goes with tho want of equality, and the
y , d.tepotism which follows the right of tho »Su
o premc Court tojudge of the a ivereign y of the
a, States, is no greater than that which allows
i one State to judge of the sovereignty oi all the
g ! other Slates . Ir. McDonald’s doctrine is a glo
o nous one to destroy the Union, but it Is a doc
r trine which has never been recognized among
r . nations or individuals since the world first be
e gan. It is a doctrine which nas been started to
•- meet the iScecsrion of Caroline and the intend
! ; ed Secession of Georgia, but it has no founda-
I tion injustice, truth, or equality.
r j Suppose two individuals should enter into an
< ; agreement to do or not to do a particular thing,
i ; The ono alleges that the other has violated the
a i contract, can he judge and bind the other by his
I judgment? Common sense says, No—both
t J have an equal right to judije, and neither can
1 : bind the other to submit to his judgment. £>up
f pose two nations enter into a treaty, an J one
r charges the other with the violation of it, cm
that one compel the other to submit to that
judgment ? Certainly not. “Where there is no
s j common umpire,” says Mr. Jefferson, ‘each
i party has annual right to judge for itself, &c ,”
i and this is a reasonable doctrine. Thu State
Rights men have aiwavs contended that there
was equality among the States, and if one State
judged that the compact was violated, another
might also judge and differ from the other Slate
in its judgment. Let us test the doctrine ad
vanced by Mr. McDonald, by a case. The Con
stitution gives to Congress tbe power to pass
laws for the recovery of fugitive slaves. My
negro escapes to Massachusetts, he is demand
ed, the necessary steps to obtain him are taken,
and when I am about to recover him Massachiv
setts says, ahu will secede. Now ‘*** *”
' t; 1 I:VC ■ t
■: UVWv-rt I J
negro is a right guarantee i uy th'? constitution
—notwithstanding Georgia, h=w borne the bur
dens of a protective tariff' for years to build up
the factories of Massachusetts, and thereby that
State has been benefited by the Union, and we
oppressed by it, yet now, when the citizens ot
Georgia demand their rights in turn under
the Union, they cannot obtain them, because
Massachusetts has judged the fugitive slave law
to bo unconstitutional—that the compact is bro
ken—and she will retire and leave me citizens
of Georgia remediless—and the other States of
the Union arc bound to suumit to her judgment.
Thia is the doctr ne of Mr. .McDonald, and he
asks us to support him for Governor, because he
is a State Rights man I
Let me supnosc another case. A horde of
abolitionists are in our midst exciting insurrec
tion. They escape to a free state, they are de
manded for trial—the State secedes to avoid
their delivery. Mr. McDonald says ihe genera!
Government, cannot enforce our nghts in any
way. r l h s act, dune in vi dation of all ‘Jon.-titu
tional obligations, of all justice and all pioprieiy,
is tho act to which we must submit. Notwith
standing the M trshi! ol an adjoining State could
arrest these fugitives and deliver them over,
still the Government has no right toco any act
whatever, however small, towards the securing
of our rights. We must surrender them ah!
‘ !;;s weare toldis “h/ate Rights ” Felluwciti
zens, Air. McDonald is not life manto judge o
what are bcate Kights. In 1830, he denied ail
Slate Kights and went for consolidation, he now
denies ail rights, save to one. party alone—the
rest of the States have no rights at all, but must
surrender to the judgment of others.
The doctrine of Mr. McDonald strips the
States ot their rights—deprives them of their
equality, and makes the judgment of one State,
superior lo that of all the other States. The
State Rights men never did hold any such doc -
trine, but on the contrary, maintained that the
States were equals, each had a right to judge,
anc each owed no obligation to submit to the
judgment of the other. That that conflict of
judgment might b ' harmless, and yet it might be
most perilous to the peace, happiness and pros
perity of the people, it might be p. accable and
it might lead to war. By It the people were
made fully a quainted with iheir nghts and their
liabilities. The doctrine of Mr. M Donald de
ceives a dmi leads lie people. It assures them
that a State may secede a pleasure—its judg
ment settles the right and determines its exer
cise and that it is responsible to nunc for the act
—that it may do this as freely and with as ii'tle
responsibility as to elect a Governor. Such
doctrine lead-* many int) resistance who would
not think of it, and who would never encounv-r
a conflict at any point, and the object is to mis
lead them and commit them to the desperate
act, and then leave, them to retreat with shame,
or advance with rum. It is a doctrine gotten up
1 >r disunion purposes and was never designed to
protect he rights of the States.
But is secession aSI ue Right at ail ? I say
no. It is submission of the basest sort. It avo as
the infliction of great w rongs upon tho States,
and then runs away from both our rights and
our injuries. Theobjeciof the republican par y
has always been to preserve the Union aud to
maintain the reserved rights of the States. Se
cession destroys the Union and strips the States
of its benefits, and places them in a worse
condition ajter the exercise of it than they were
before.
The State Rights faith never was designed to
dcstioy the pa’ient to whom it w r as admi is
tered. But it is not strange (hat Mr. McDon
ald, an old federalist, should evince the bungling
of a quack when he corries to administer politi
cal nosuums.
As I have remarked, ML McDonald is a poli
tician of extremes. First he made the Su
preme 'Joartof the United States determine all
‘A? oFj ucfgdmJntT
now he allows one Slate to judge, and compe s
all the offiera to submit to tliat'jadgement. In
me first case, if a State resited the ju Igement
of the Supreme Court, she was guilty of treason
and rebellion ; now, if ail the states resist the
judgement of this one State, they are guilty of
an actol war, and it is lawful for Nations to
interfere, and conquer them. Such extremes
ma,' subserve the end designed, but they cannot
be sustained on principle.
As to the abstract right of a people, to throw
oil their Government and to provide new
guards for their future safety, that was settled
by the American Revolution, and no one has
ever denied it but Gov. Townsand Mr. Mc-
Donald. But it is not this right that I am
combatting ; it is the denial of the equality of
the States which Mr. McDonald h>s made,
coupled with the assertion of the light of Se
ce.'Si. ii. Thirty States could be as seriously
injured by the cxerciseof the right of one State
authoritatively to judge, as one state would be
to et ,1 c reme Court }u«fo<*.
Kqutzlily Qt ’’cnta, is our fa?h ; deny that an.}
you th ny .tie sovereignty of the elates JVo
man •■? rec< ive the countenance ol the friends
»'*' .ate Riahts. who wilt not fully admit both
.n th 2 principle and the practical eflect of his
doctrines, that the States have an equal right
to jugeand determine lor themselves upon the
action of their own representatives, That in
gredient must be Incorporated in every faith
which claims the name of State Rights. Mi.
McDonald denies this fact by bis huth, and
here he makes an open issue with every State
Rights man. You rnay ask, Why is this so
great and vital a principle ? I reply, because the
law of nature, the law of self defence, which is
above and bey n d pH constitutions and guv# rn
ments, dt-man Is it. Strip the States of equally,
ami you deprive them of the power of sell
preservation I
Who would support ado.. Tine which denies
this? V» State rights man. A newly con
vert'd Federalist would. I will show the ne
cessity of the principle in my next.
A state Rights Man or 1832.
[communicated J
Athcnb, Ga. t Aug. 13, 1851.—Dear Str . —My
attention has been called to a curamunication
of Judge McDonald’s in which he says :
“I have just heard that some teporierof Mr.
Cobb’s speech at Thomasville, has made him
say, that before he left home, he proposed to me
that he w u!d meet me or any friend I might rc
lect in debate before the people, on the political
bubiects involved in the election. I do not be
iiuve that Mr. Cobb ever made a statement so
utterly de, ?ute of truth. I have never receive d
from Mr. Cobb any proposition, verbal or writ
ten, directly or indirectly, on that or any other
subject, since my nomination or before.’’
The reporter oi my speech at Thomasville was
at fault in saying that I said 1 had invited
Judge McDona;d oi any Iriend of his to attend
my ar poirrmencs. His error was an immaterial
one, as wi Ibe perceive !, when 1 state what 1
di 1 say. My remark was the same in substance
with *.he letter addressed by me to a committee
in Baker county, and published in the Alba; y j
Pa”’*o t . It was to this efleet—that I had stated ;
io noth my own friends and the friends ot Judge
McDonald, and occasionally in my public
speeches, that 1 would be pleased to see my op
ponent at my appointments, and would i.isCUi?3
with tun, upon any lair terms ; and that if he
should it.r any cause decline tu enter personally
on the canvaes, that 1 would then meet any
agent he wou! i select and auzAorzze to speak for
who woald attend my appointments—l re
quired an authorize! agent upon the ground
that Judge McDonald was represented by
different friends as occupying different po
sitions, and I thought it bu fair that 1 shoui I
meet the same issue every where. 1 can see no
point in Judge McDonald’s dental of the re; orl
t-r’s statement, unless he intends to convey the
idea mat the invitation would have been accept
ed, it it had been form illy tendfed Regard
ing this denial as an apology for hia failure, to
attend my past appointments, I can o ily ex
press my regre*»tha* the formal invitation had
no’, betn extended to him—and to guard against
a similar failure, for the future,! have eam-td
the publication < f rny appointments hereafter, to
b . accompanied with a special invitation to the
Judge, to be present and participate in the
discurion.
Yours, Howell Cobb.
To tiie Editor of the Southern Banner.
SicKiFic nt —Very.—A committee represent
ing aco operation u;sunion meeting in Chariec
ton reicr.ily addressed a letter of invitation to
Gov. McDonald, requesting bis presence at one
jf their con vocations. This letter appears in
the Au. u*:a Const tutior.aH?t andisas b auii
ful a oi non comiuitulisfr.aa iiastv r
d opped k. ci th-, hopperoi even Charles.>. Mc-
Donald, the prince ui non-committapste. It is
neither pig nor f op-fish nor towi, bat a mt dley
ofzeueralittes.so wretchedly tried up and poor:*
dressed as to eni’ecv.n the ridicule of the dis
unionis a. if »tiffi--ie.ttiy ta><Cit»le, it should be
secured ana by Barnum. r-ut w-aat
is very significant, and which we wish the peo
ple to hear in udod, is the fact that McDonald
and Quitman are invi cd, and toasted, and
praise.:, whilst Cobband Footeare quite neglect
ed by the disunionists of our staler 6tace. it is
because the latter wn-lemen, give no counte
nance to secession in any of its mululartout
phases. We leave the people to judge. Oni
thing is evident, the leaders in South Carolina
expect the co-operati >n oi Quit-r.an and Me
Donald In brea ing up the Union, else the]
would not invite them to their meetings.—ftoni
, r. our.
Hcrbicasx at Tamfico —A Iriend in tbi
, citv has nformed us the: re teams b> a le'te
from Tai.pico, dai-d July 16:l>, that a destrnc
live hurricane had occurred in lamptco. 1
-.sted seven hours, oernoh-iied many house
1 and damaged large quantities of merchandise
Tt.e schooner Oregon, which is now in th
river co nitig up. w:.l bring us the fail parlict
• I lars of this disastrous event —Pre.
. L.XV—NEW Si' I U.K VOL.XV- NO.
‘1 COBH’S it;- PLY TO TIIW MACOJ
n < OMWITTKJE.
Ath£ss, August }2 h, J 361..
a Gentlemem: —1 did not receive your letter
until my return from the lower part of the
c State, about the firnt of the present month, and
. have net, therefore, replied to it at an earlier
b day.
s As I have received communications from
c other parts of the Slate, on the sama, aod kin
- dred subjects, I have determined in this reply.
■ | lo consider the quest ons involved «t some
f • length, ai I oesira that it may b* considered as I
i responsive to the various coinmucicatioiHi to
' which i have referred.
! Your letter propounds the two following in-
I tezrogatories:
i Ist. ‘Do you believe (hat a State by virtue
of her sovereignty, ha’ the right peaceably to
; secede from the Union, or is it your opinion,
i '.hat the general govern mon has the Const)in
ti nal a uhority to coerce her to remain in the
Union ? And ah uld a call be made upon the
militia to aid in attempting to coerce a seceding
State, would you, if in the Executive office,
obey such requisition ?
2d. *‘Da you believe that the late acts of
Congress, termed the “Compromise,” were
con ti utional, just and
I shall consider these questions in the inverse
order in which yen hr.ve proposed them
In order that 1 miy ba dfa.inctly uuderetood.
ii reference o the late ac sos Congress, term
ad the “Compromise,” 1 consider it proper
o make a br*ef reference to each of the six
bill*, which composed that compromise: and
shall, in that way, be enabled to give tbe mcb
satisfactory answer to your second interrogato-
The bills efltnhliakjrm ~* a ”lsijM
. jxvan tiTidr iiiew juexico. real upon a
li,fty.uat pr u'.ipfo, which ha.< always ’
« X , ’ ’ u und c- ruiai Eupport of ’
eratneu, uuu by nona advocated-with m<
zeal, than those sow politically
yourselves. That principle ia, °tha right ol
ihe people to determine for themselves, whefti
er or not slavery shall consulate a part of their
social syste n.” In these bids on tbe s’avery
question, is found this provision —“And said
ferriiones shall ba rece.ved into the Union
with, or without slavery, as iheir constitnuon
may prescribe, a the time of iheir admission ’
If this important principle, so long contended
for by the Sou h, and so long resisted by tbe
North, be now repudiated by the South, then
these bills are obnoxious to the objection*
urged against them by the dfaunionists; but ii
the South be content io abide the operation ol
her own cherished doctrines on this subject,
then ffiese bills are n strict conformity with
the requirements of ihe South, and should be
entirely eatisfaciory to us. It is too late to t Ik
about the repeal of the Mexican laws, after the
almost unanimous support by the Repre’enta
lives of die South ol the Clayton Compro
mise Bill, whicu no taore repeals those laws
han the bills we ere now considering ; nor
were our Representatives in their advocacy ot
the Clayton Compromise Bill re re united
than were their constituents in their anprova
of the votes of these Representatives Toe
eight Suutaern Representatives who voted
against that bi.l, on the ground, that they re
quired the repeal of the Mexican la vs, were
denounced as traiters to the South, for making
the demand, by those who are now most nois>
in their complaints against Southern Repre
sentatives, for uot requiring tho repeal of the
Mexican laws. Ixoted for the Clayton Com
promiso Bill, and 1 was universally sustained
:n Georgia in that vote. Why fa it, that lam
now condemned for my support of those
bills by tho meu who then approved of my
courtof
Toe Clayton Compromise Bill contained no
express guarantet for the admission of sla. e
States if thy peapie desired it—whilst these
bids pledge the faith of the govern o ent to ad
mit these territories as States, with, or without
slavery, as the people may de’ertnine v*bwn
they come to organize their State constitution.
These bills rece.ved the support of a majority
of ths Representatives us the South. Your
own Representatives from Georgia, were
unanimous upon the subject. Tho only vio
len T an J decided opposition made to them,
proceeded from the abolition! ts an i f»ee soil
ers, who saw in the provisions to which I have
refersud, the repudiation of their favorite doc
trine i f coßgrersionsl ioierdierion ot slavery in
the territor es, and the recognition of our own
favorite doctrine, of lea via ; to'the people the
decision of the question—whether or nut they
w jill j have slavery among iheiu
The bill to settle ihe di»put d boundary be
tween ihe U. 8. and Texas, resis upon equally
sound and consti'ntiunai principles; its pro
visions foinpiy contain a prop teftinn ftom the
Gur.era! Government to the Stale of Texas, to
•et ihe boundary between the territory of
die U S and the State of Texas, by adopting
a certain lin *as that I oundary; and in consid
eration that Texas will yield the claim which
sh • had made to the seceded territory, the Uni
ted Sts es agrees to pay her the sum of ten
millions of dollars. Tpero was no threat—no
coercion on the part of Congress lo compel
acquiescence in their proportion. It was a
out ’er f r tbe calm and patriotic judgment of
the people of Texas to determine—and the
the brave and patriotic people o r Texas to
impute their action on this subject, to the fear
of Fe era! po.ver. or the equally offensive
consideration of bribery and corruption. Ar I
would nut tolerate such an imputa imt upon
the rit z?ns of our own State, under similar
circumstances, 1 will rot ndulge in the ungen
erous and unfounded reflection upon ’.be hon
esty aud integrity ts our young and prosperous
sister.
This < (routed boundary was thus settled be- (
tween tbe United States and Texas, in the only
tn ’e. in tny judgment, in whi: > such an issue c
could bu determined between the Government *
and «i sovereign S ate of iho Union. 1 am
aware the.t tho charge is sometimes made, that
th.fa bill seized on the slave territory of Texas f
and appropriated it to free soil. Nothing could J
be farther from the truth. The only direct ’
t ffjet resulting from this measure upon the
? -.very quest.' n, was ore ove the prohibi
tion up n slavery in thru portion of the ceded *
ten itory, beinx» ?ibove 36 SO, whifh was put *
upon il in tbe articles of annexation, when
Texas wadmitted uno the Union. This bill J
removes that prohibition, and submite to the
decision of the people of ;he territory when *
they ccme to organ ze heir State government
—ihe question whether or not slavery shall
constitute a part of th-ir social system. This
like tbe others which 1 have considered,
received he warm and cordial support of a
majnrtty of Southern Representarives, and ,
encountered its bitterest opposition from the 1
free soil Representatives of the North.
The only remaining bill affecting onr territo- t
riil acqu si ion, wan the or.efor the admis-ion
of California a State into the Union. This j
measure was o. j ciionable to Southern men,
though it finally the support of nearly ’
one third of the Rupre-en’aiive- of the Souih. J
Iu common wi a majority of iha South, I ;
en ertair objections to this bd!; I preferred ,
that a territorial government shoirid have been (
provided f«»r California, as was done fo r Utah ,
♦ndN; w Mexico I' would have been the
more regular and appropriate inede of dfapo
«mg of that por’.iou us the territory; but the :
failure to do I do not regard a*> a viu'ation
of tbe C hi tiiiitioD, rrthe righto of the Suu.h
In the admission of California, Congress cx
e'C-sed a power expressly conferred upon it, j
Ly tho Constitution, •' io adroit new St nee into <
the Union;’’ and tlmugh our judgments do not
wboriv approve of uie exorcire of that discre
tionary power in this instance, it constitute* no
such cause oi’complaint again-t the govern
ment as would justify the re*fa'ance which has
been indicated i y the enemies of the Compro
mise and th a advocates of tbsunion.
Thn principle upon which California was
aduii ted ia o ihe Union, with her constitution
probit ring b'*.very, h s ever received be *unc
;• nos Southern j-hitasmen iho principle
! den es to Contres* the r glit lo look .n o die
1 i utiou of a State a?kmg for admission into
' the Übi >n, farther (ban to see the. it fa rvpub
tican in i s form o> government. Whether
riaver ' ht.all exist th»*re is a question no. for
the cuuridera joti of Congrets, but to be deer
mirted by the peop.e when they frame their
State Cons itution.
This doctrine was clearly expressed in the
following resolution introduced by Mr. Cal
houn into the Senate of the Untie 1 States in
1647. It was -he annunciation of a sound
constitutional principle aud i am prepared to
maintain hs correctre»s:
“ Resolved, That a faodsment&l principle in
onr poli lea - creed, a people, in foiminv a cooutita
ti n, luve tbe unconditional right to form and ad -pt
the which they may think beat ca’.cuia
t*d to sreure liberty, pr.sperity and happiness; and
’but in c'inio.'tni'y th -rete, no other c *udilion is i-j>
ncssti ty the edcrai cons”tut:o3 on a e, in order
to her a hui-**iMij into tb'a Union, ex-epi that its con
ali uii u be republican, an! thatdH if.-noeiiicn of any
cthe« by U< iiliters would not only b - tn vio'a'job c'
the con it mi n, Lui i»» dirsct conff'C-’ with the princi
ple on whfaa our politico- sv*t-iw rests.
The I . , f f tbe ion nf the sfave
• trade in the Darter of CMumbia, was objected
; to by
iof tho ; enal y wnich it provides That fea
i ure stokeit f»om t.e laws us Marvland, and
f j- wi.l L j runembc ed that ail that row re-
' m jins of the wa< Grig in ly a purt of
fie S:?.te of Marv> ni. In 1-lGthe State of
* Georgia predn bred the far reduction of slaves
vvi.hiu ’his State for sate, under a penally of a
Sue o! five hu . red do iars, and imprisonment
iu the pur.’tetKiary fur four year-, for each
slave br tight in o 'he State f*r sale. This Uw
was repee>« ! in H ’.2, und re-enacted ia 1843,
and a/iiti repealed a the uf 1843. —
The peuafty for the v ofauun ol the District law
fa the liberaiten of tbe . lave ; which fa, ss 1 have
-laid, the some p .natty provided bv the Mary
■cod law for a violation of their Act upon the
same subject. There was as far as 1 could
learn, but one voice among the people of tbe
j District on this subject. They a’l desired it.
The I jvj ©lave Bill, fa’the only re t ain
inji rae&sute of the compromise to be consid
ered- ’ vvidi ii was practicable, viffiout ex
' •coning t i= commuD.cation to too great a
5 knsth, incorporate inio it, the leading pro
o the b•» must suffice, however,
b to wtate tiui it was prepared by one of the most
r extr me cf »«>Qiher»i R ghts in Con
gress I' contains ev ry prov»« n that
demanded by th *. South, aifo I n-ive yet t * rueci
e *iih tbe first man who claim? n. -at ts-e «•
s. i f Cuogres? on this subject, than ,*fo
s grants. iu the adojiion o_
I- nas iumy judgment
und deteruiiasuon, u>»y ° ai ’ =
j which ln ß c .n-(K<iuoi> Imposes lor the
delivery of our fugitive slav s.
I beve now rip-.d y referred to each of the
. co npromwo meatmree, and you will gee, that
, whiUt in the language ol the Georgia Conven
, tiun, I do not wholly approve of ail these
, meaeores, yet I see in them no violttion of
’ our constitution>l rights—nor ir ti ere, in my
opinion, any thing which forbids on the part of
mr people, ati honorable acquiescence in these
'oeaeutes. Such waa the decision of the peo
ple of the Sato, last fall, as recorded
iy their delegates in the convention of last
November. If I did not regard the settlement
4s fair and honorable, I would not be found
imotig the advocate* of the Georgia Platform.
It is not simply because Georgia has decided
fie question, that I maintain her decision —but
•eeauee she has made a wise, just and patriotic
decision If I thought that Georgia had made
S decision which subjected her citizens to term*
qf inequality and degradation. I would, as a
l*y«l citizen, submit to her will, until I could
induce her, if in my power, to abandon so
Igimilia ing a position ; and such. I presume is
tj<i position of every honorable man within
I®' limits; it is therefore, right and proper,
ttat the people should know not only, who will
s t imit to the decision of the S ate, but also,
«ho approves and will sustain ihat decision,
ypur first interrogatory, directs my attention
A >he q lostion of secession, and vou have
nt the issue unon the right of a Sta e to se
ttle from the U nion wnliout just cause. As
i is right is claimed by many as a constitution
a- right, and by all of those who advocate it in
ltd modern acceptation, as consistent with con-
obligations, I shall consider it at
saute length in relerence to ipt gopstinuinnsi— -
Lijf’T asked <o cancade the right of a
f £■»<» ti recede at pleasure from the. Union,
’ 3bß nr without just came, wc are called «,<on
th.it the. framer* of the constitu ion
- ■ ‘ .which was never done by any other
possessed of their good sense and
»nseilfgence—that is, to provide in the very
Jon of tire government for it« own
-ourse would not only have been an anoma
lous proceeding—but wholly inconsistent with
the wisdom and sound judgment which tmrk
ed the deliberations of those wise and good
m >n, who framed our Federal Go/ernment.
Whilst I freely admit that such an opinion is
entertained by many, for whose judgment I
entertain the higher. respect, I nave no hesha
tion in declaring that toe convictions oi my
own judgment are well settled, that no ouch
□ rincipfe was contemp'ated in the adoption
jf our constitution. If it was the purpose of
the framers of the constitution. »o subject the
perpetuity of t:e Union to the will and
indeed, i may add, «he caprice oi each State ,
it is a most remarkable fact, that a principle of
such vast importance, involv ng the very exis
tence of the republic, should have been left an
open question, to be decide ! by in erences
and metaphysical deductions of the most co®-
plica ed character. When one ris-a from a
careful ■'tudy of the cons itutiou of the United
States, ho feels impressed with ire w ndnrfui
adaptation to the .vants and interests of this
growing people. Not only uoes he had wise
and judicious provisions and gairaoteea for
thestatoof the country as it then existed, but
with prophetic wisdom its framers seem to
nave penetrated the future, accommodating
the government to tha necessities and require
ments of its present increased population and
extended resources. 1 urn not prepared to
admit that the m»n who exhibited so much
care and foresight in reference to all the
various parts of this eompl.cVed machine—
would have left »o vague conjecture exi<-
fence of the important and viral power now
claimed for each State, oi dissolving at pleas
ure, the Union which had cost them and their
compatriots so much toil, and Nbor, and ani
ietv. If they had intended to provide for the
destruction of th »t noble structure, which they
were then erecting with all the care and wis
dom of able Stat* smen and devoted patriots,
I by such simple and obvious means, as the with
drawal of any b'tate from the confederacy—
they would have manifested their intention by
some plain and palpable provision of the
constitution. Such a course would have
been "harucier.suc of the honest practical and
<miighter>ed statesmen of the convention.
Their f Jl□ re to dus» carries the strongest
conviction to my mind, that uo such principle
was recognized by them. In connection with
this view of the subject, the inquiry forces
i self upod our minds, if e*ch Sta e reserved
the right to withdraw ?t pleasure from the
Union, why was there so much difficulty en >
couriered by the friends of the constitution in
obtaining its ratification by the different Stales T
There were few, if my, who were opposed to
the formation of the Union, after the con-titu
tion had bean submitted to ’he Sta’e» for rati
fication, provided they could engraft oriain
amendments upon it. The policy of adopting
the constitution, on condition that these amend
ments should he acceded to, was urged with
great earnestneej in the conventions, and
among the people of several of the S ales,
but was finally abandoned on the ground that
it would be a conditional raiificalio<' l and
the efore inadmissible. On this point 1 mast
sdft,‘ Wb.b
constitution/’ end to whore erpnaiiijn of that
sacred instrument the republican party have'
been accustomed to look with such inpficit
confidence. Mr. Mad iso a says:
“ iMy opinion is, (hat a reservation of a
right to withdraw, if amendments bo not de
cided on i nder the form of the constitution
witbio a certain lime, is a conditional ratifica
tion ; that it does not make N w York a mem
bur of the now Union ; and consequently, that
fthc would not be joceived on that plan.
Compacts must be reciprocal; this principle
would not in such a case bo preserved. TAe
coKshtat oa requires an adsption in tulo and
FOREVER
It the right was reserved to each State to
withd aw.it would have be-r> an act of supere
rogation on the part of New York, or any
other State, to declare in R'tvance, that she
wou'ti withtlr ,w or secede, if the umondinents
she proposed to the constitution were not
adopted. If the rgln exis.ee-, it could bo -ix
ercised as wo I without as with t e condition
annexed to her ratification of the constitution,
and the assertion of it would have been a
useless interpolation ard a nullity. It was not
eo r grtided however, at ths time, by lh >«e
who bad been aciive participants in the fram
ing of the consti'o-iow. Air Madison con
sidered the reservation of a right to wi hdraw
from tile Union ns “ a condition that would
vi iato the ratification.” He Bays further in
writing to Mr. siumilt’ti on his subject:
“ Ihe idea oj rt»,nin'’ a right to withd aw
was started at R-ch-no'id, and considered a. a
conditional ratification, which wits itself
abandoned as worse -han a rejection.”
If the opinion of Mr. Madison, which I have
here referred to be we.l founded, it puts an
end to this controversy. There can be no
doubt about tlio fact, that he did not recognize
the right of each State to secede horn the
Union at her own pleasure In add-ri’n to
the face which i have just considered, there is
n strong illustration of ’he opinion that pre
vailed among the framers of tba consti ution
on tins subject, in rhe action of the States ol
North Carolina and Rli-.do Islan I. These
States refused to come into the Union for
some time after the ratification of the constitu
tion. They were not opposed to the formation
of the Fedeial Union, but tike some of the
other Stares, bey were unwilling to a iopt the
constitution as it then stood. Il ir had been a
recognized undoubted principle that each State
was bound to rernam in tho Union, only so
long as it suited its own convenience no one
doubts that there States, instead of withholding
their assent to the constitution, after it had been
adopted by the requisite number, would have
come t once into the Union, with tho inten
t on of immediately withdrawing from it, upon
the refusal of the other Stales to adopt such
amendments as they desieed, t n* regarding the
effect of ihoir ratification of the constixtttion
in an entirely d flerent light, from trie .eces
sionista of the present day, they adopted quite
a different pobey. So far as we c . gather
light and information from tea oomions and
actions of th men who framed and adopted
■ha constitution, it all goes to s’rengthen and
confirm the conviction I liav already ex
pressed against the existence of any such
right.
The political hirory cf tie country from
the lima of the declaration of independence to
the adoption of the conaduion, is confirmato
ry of die correctness of the opinion I have
expressed In the original srticl-s of confed
eration, it is more than once declared that the
object was to form a perpetual Union. Those
arncUs of confederation were found too weak,
and inefficient, to carry ou- the grea' purposes
of the p o>e in the establishment of a general
government, a d nonce it »«s tf.u’ in its own
i.uguage, din presen’ conso’.iltion was adopted
for die onrpo-e of forming “a more perfect
v.vton " I' would be a reflection, b th upon
the integrity and the wisdom of he fr-.rnera of
■ha constnotion to say, ibat they abandoned a
ptrirtlnnl Union" to form a mors rrn
fxcto.se, and in doing so, adopted a tempora
ry, conditional Union. Huah, however, is the
construction placed by the- secessionist upon
the action of those great and good men, to
whose energy, wisdom, and pa’riotism, we arc
indebted lor cur present noble and glorious
Union.
The pofey cf our government during its
whole existence, Io- ha to t e continuance and
perpetuity of the Uoien. fa temporary and
conditional existence, is no whsre impressed
e.liit>r upon its domestic or foreign policy. It
has for store than haif a century pursued the
even tenor of i s way, growing tn strength and
increasing in neefolnees, tailing deeper and
deeper ho d upon the hearts and affections of
the people; illustrating the great American
prxctplo of free government, and reflecting
upon i’J inspired founders lha highest and
brightest honor. Wills. 1 do not propose to
illustrate theaa views bye detailed rev ‘® .
Reaction of the
:^ e 4 l the correctness of
I have asmmed. Wh o tne pen-
- r . t'-,::ed Si-i-ee determined upon ths
P"the Louisiana territory, and effect*
‘ , rsb.- object at the cost of a conrid
of money, cod by the exercise
,' j a lue-ttonabm conslic ttona! power, it will
, ->l*oo er id, that they did so for the benefit f
: iU .e who then inhabited the country, nor in
deed ior those who might subsequently remove
there. They were prompted t» the acquisi
tion of that vast and valuable territory by con
• -iderations of public policy, ejecting their