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Xtanuiacture rs Cotton Yarn bjr Plan
ters.
The Washington Union, in copying the fol
lowing communication from the N. Y. Courier
and Ennuirer ; *tye:
Some Uir ovr correspondent “ S.”
wrote an article tor this payer on this subject,
and gave the facts showing that some 400,000
bales of our cotton could be made into yarns at
home, and exported ata iaree profit. The arti
cle was widely copied at the time, and the cor
rectness ol the positions tak- i seemed to be
fudy admitted.
The great fall in the price of t otton has drawn
attention again to the subject, and an editorial
recently appeared in the N. Y. Courier and
Enquirer in reference to it. We copy below a
letter to that paper, in which the extent and
profit of me English cotton yarn are alluded to
We have before shoun, by an enumeration ol
all the items, that the cost of moving a pound
of raw cotton, from the Mississippi cotton gm
to the d -or of the mill at Manchester, Eng., is
about four cents. For a less c st it can be made
up at home into the average numbers oi cotton
yarn. What folly to expend more capital and
labor on the unnecessary carriage of the materi
al and product, than would be required in all
the processes of its fabrication. In a few years,
comparatively, the cotton planters will be as fa
miliar with the spinning frames as they are now
with the cotton gm : .
“ To the Editors of the Courier ana Enquirer.
I have read with interest your article on the
manufacture of cotton by the South, and, if the
planters wtii act up to your suggestions, the
value of our exports in cotton yarns and general
cotton fabrics might be quadrupled. There is no
mys’ery in the business of spinning yarns that
need cause on*-planters to hesitate about em
baying their capi aiin its manufacture ; it is
simple, and only requires attention and care to
produce what the great markets ot the conti
nent < f Europe, China, and the West Indies call
for, as respects an assortment, style of packing,
&c., to give us ’hose markets.
“ The cotton spinners of Lancashire (I mear.
those who spin yarns for the export trade, not
the weavers,) are among the most wealthy men
of England- During the past two years, while
our cotton manufacturing interest has languish
ed, and has been profitless indeed, the spinners
of Manchester have made large sums of money?’
Can we be acting with our boasted shrewd
ness when we quietly yield rhe competition in
twist to our great rivals, and suffer tnem to take
th? profits and commissions that result from the
business indicaied by the figures wh.ch I now
give you, taken from customs returns, as fol
owws, viz:
Five months* exports to China from
London, Liverpool and the -Clyde—
from Ist January to 31st May, 1852,295,600
Five months’ exports to Calcutta for
sam- time 6.911,920
Five months’ exports to Bombay for
same time *1,781,800
Total 10,989 320
Here we have a total of nearly eleven millions
of pounds of cotton twist exported to the East
Indies and China during five months of this
year, worth from 6| I. to IBd. sterling per
pound. Ooserve that this is but one section
of this enormous and lucrative trade. Ths ex
ports to Germany ard other continental markets
are vastly great. Now the raw cotton cost"
from 3d to I. per pound, and we have had
the great satisfaction of putting the-e profils
Into the pockets of our friends a road, when we
might have shared them ourselves.
There is a gn at deal to be said on this subject
and kindred topics, which my numerous engage
ments will not permi. me fully to discuss during
this hot weather
1 will barely hint at one plain and palpable
reason why our cotton manufacturing friends ol
New England have for the past ihrte years been
so very unfortunate in the prosecution of their
business, and it is thia-X/zey /mac not diversified
their productions They have made no yarns—
they have made Lui a small variety of coarse fab
rics—consequently th ?y have overstocked the
market, and prices have rated low, ruinously
low. ft is pleasing to see the great Slate ol
Georgia taking the lead in the Southern manu
facturing interest.
The labors of Senator Jam s, of Rhode Island,
at the South and West have been useful in call
ing the attention of our inends to the necessity of
building up a great n.anufacturing interest
among the producers of the raw material ; and
before long they must become exporters of some
thing besides. Mbhckamt.
New York, July 16, 1851.
Mr. Owen’s Defence*
The following teller from Consul Owen to
the editors of the Washington Republic, pre
sente his defence for the consi<ieratioo of h e
countryman:
CONIULATK or THE UNITED ?
Havana, Srpt, 16, 1851. $
To the Editor of the Republic—Sir In
your weekly issue of the 23. h ult., you do ae
the justice io object to uiy c ndemnaiion with
out a heiring. toaiv dial I am probably able I?
explain, *.o the titis ac ion of my countrymen
my omission 'o act rotative to the execution i
the prisoners who were shot here on the lC:h
nil.
Ida not doub that I shall satisfy every im
partial mind it at I am un h-serving eensuru
and that 1 had no opportunity of doing ant
ting in behalf of the unfortunate men wi
mi * '•ad a fate.
1 «ie about four miles from this place, ati
not: ;ng well on the morning of the 16th, d •
not reach my office 'ill some time afer te
o'clock where lor the fi o' time I heard of d •
capture of about fif’y of the men who ba
come with Lopez to this Isfand iu the steam*
Pampero. lat the same time heard that th
pnsiners had been tried, found guilty, c >i
demntd, ordered to be executed, the order I :
their execution sent forwird, and that ll.t .
were about being removed from the harb »
where they were, to the place of execution
Shortly afterwa ds, the American residi
here, who it in said, called on me, Cime a: •
men'ioned the subject to me, whsn I said . »
him that it was too late, an! that 1 could
nothing —that 1 should not have lime to
permuxsio and see the prisoners Os tbi I
felt perfectly sa isfied at tha time and I 1
since been confirm «d in this opinii n by
h'ghest authority in the island, who info I
me that the execution, which had already >
ordered before 1 reached the city, waul >t
have be m postponed lor me o have an <
view with r e prisoners, inasmuch as 1
could have a-ked to be permitted to do J
already been done by a gendeinan know
aoniu ol the prisoners, and for whom the} I
sent.
Soon as er the America i referred to lef
office, 1 received the information that a
lieman known to some of the prisoners J
been tent lor by them, and to him they ha
livered th* ar idea and in adages they d< d
to be conveyed to their tr ends, it wta a
abort time afterward* thit I sent io the p e
of the governor and capta n general, and * d
♦hat the prisoners had then been execute* .
You will thus see that 1 had no time t<
and that it was not n my pjwer to do y
ihing for the unfortunate men who had aw
induced to invade Cuba with the expet n
that they would find the whole island in a it©
of revolution, and that they would be rci d
with open arms by the whole native p< , .fa
tten at least.
The charge of indifference to the dr- ifui
condition of such a number of men, th I it
terest enemy 1 have on earth will not be!' ;
and all must believe it a bise falsehood a lau
unfounded calumny.
If it were allowable on such an occasi i I
would moat solemnly declare before God. ’hat,
in my judgment, at the time and under the
Ci rcu aas lances it was not in my power tidier
to have an interview with the prisoners rto
have done anything iu their behalf
i am, very reap' C’.fully, your obedien ser
vant, A. F Owi.n.
Traces of Sir John Franklin—-Aiaei lean
ftuxpcditioiß.
News from the Ameri an Explori ig E? »edi
don to the 17th t 1850. has been rec uved
in England, in a letter ad.tressed to the . dn.i
ralty. It is iran*<ui.*ed b* the master o tie
barque Tiue Love The persons vhose
graves a r e meu ioned belonged to Frar din’s
crew.
Davis Straits July 24, lb 31.
•’My Lords, may it p'eve your Lor -hips
to reC’ive nt my hand* the enclosed tes>i(.iooy.
received on the 12th ot July, of the Am< rican
searching vessels ol the account of ther voy
a/e in search of Sir John Franklin Ou the
13ih ol September 1850. (hey left all the
Marching vessel* at Cape Martyrs, Cornwall!*
Island, they nut being emb ed to pursue any
further westward direction fro n that dale. A
harbor called the Assistant Harbor, discovered
by Captain Ommaney. three miles south of
Cape Martyrs, was the place in selection of
by (hem to winter in. The bay ice was form
ing very strong al that time. yet the Advance
and Rescue were determined to proceed
homewards; but, unforuina ely, however, a
gale sprung up and drove them up Wellington
Channel fitly miles, and a to-wards they were
frozen ir . The American, Capi De Haven,
told me that the winter was very mild, and tha:
he can give n » tu.iher particulars reapec
Sir John Fratikhn Lan the enclosed account.
He said he was dot. i mined :o go ;o the seat of
search again after having wimeted ; and all the
documents received from the Admiralty at d
o hers 1 gave to him.
■ X MORAN* A.
** 1. On the 26; h ol August 1850. traces
were found ( o tierU.waid ot For. Innin, We
ling’on Channel, confirming those previous )
found at Cape K ay by Caoiam Ommannt-v.
These consisted u fragment* of clo.Li.ig, pre
served meat l ns. and scraps »f papers, one
of these bearing the naive ci McDonald, medi
caloftcer in the expedit on.
* 2 On de27 h C*p‘. Penny’s parties
reported grave-. I here were at once visaed
bv Cap;. Ds Hiveu. Mr. P»nnv. and Dr
Kine. T hey b- re respectively the na :»es of
W. Braiue. R M and John Hartnell cf i.e
Erebus, and John i omng on of the Terror,
the date ot the ’a »*•: death being t’.e 3J of
April. IM6. Added to these sad but uum-s' i
kabie evidences were the remains of observa
lory. c»rp«iue-s’ shop, and tnniren’s farg?.
I pen the hill si le and beach were frag-nen;* -f
wood, uietai and dotting uh stacks vs empty
meat tins. Every thing indica td p rmai,.-t cy
and orgauizsti *u. I'herecan be n<» do .bi thi;
the cove between Cape Rdry and Bee< hy
Uiaud, Hciog Ltucaster Sound, was the first
winter si«ii O q v s m < e^,e is. On '.he
i.. , o1 her ;he impervious ice of i.e
Weii.*gon Channel underwent a eomp e e
d .rapuou srd lhe 6n „ veraJ re '. el<
pen»lr»:ed ,!». Cornwallis s:Je gu«h how
«».r, w.» ih<. mpeiwTtv.. o charae er of he
p,ck iu Lancaster Sound tha b, t h e ] Ottl ,|
Sep etuber the errtre searchtnn Mjua iron w
again concentrate !sb• ;t » tS son.h »f
Griffith’s 1-land. This w I *' -
attaine f by the American expedrion 1 e
Is’es: dates from Cotnm dore Austin are of ,e
13 h of September
• They were then in momentary especial n
of mak ng w ner quarters, and it is prabs e
that a small harbor discovered by Capt O -
man: ey about ihr m.les ess of Caim -
iyis, wnl be ibe ha.rii -e!ec:ej. Thence 3
American vema while proceeding bocnew
were ’roitii ;n pp<>» e VV\ .iington Chau
drif ing during ; r vuauu g winter from a
'udoof 75 dfii.br ugtiou:t -•?*’ vd»
ta Bafta’s Bay
/’Their liberation at ar m&eh exp »nrv
trial. Uok vixeeon d e HMi . ! Jaae Idfi
a pern; * ?nth ot Caps W> si ogham <5 3 a 1
IMmnu dr h er— »s.
of iha
>» - —WWW uiaL bwyW.
man had marked scorbutic disease,
ul tiu ceaths have occurred. The crews are
now refreshed, and the expedition is endeavor
mg to regain the seatofseaich I have, Arc
“E. K. Kase, Surgeon ;o the Expedition.
The Londe News if he 10th instant gi -es
great imports ■ « to the-® notes, and says .
“The inteln re <>( lrßC , ci S,r Jdh "
Franklin and hi.<- mpamone ha. been scanned
r-ith eagerneae by the veteran Arene explorer,
now reposing on their laurels at Woolwich,
and many of them are sanguine in the expec
tation that they may yet have the pleasure o‘
welcoanng at leas' the surviving portion of
tli. noble crews who left Woolwich in May,
1545, with the Erebus and Terror. It may
be interesting t ■ know that the Royal Marine
whsse grave was found was Sergeant William
Braine, of the Woolwich division, who volun
teered to proceed to the Arctic regions witn
tbeexploriug party although he had only re
cently returned from service in China.”
It would be curious if the American expe
dition should be the first to discover Sir John
or his fate with certainty.
Lancaster Ti aged,.
Lssoilr-, Sept. 24.—The examinetion of i
the prisoners brought here, charged with being '
concerned in the Christiana outrage, was re
sumed a: the Court House al 9 o’clock this
morning. Dr Pierce and Marshal Kline
wars recalled, and after their examination
the testimony of lhe Commonwealth closed.
Hon. ’I haddeus Stevena opened for the de '
fence. Up to this time but six witnesses for
the defence have been examined. The defence
depends mainly upon the contradictory testi
mony of the principal wi nesies for the Com
monweahh John Carr and John S. Cochran
both testified that Scott, who yesterday stated
that ho saw Jon i Morgan cut Edward Gorsuch
over the head with a corn cut'er, saw Mr G.
shot, and -u. po-ed that Simms shot him, was
in the house of Mr. Carr when the occurrence
took place, three rapes distant. The Court ad
joined till 2J P. M.
Second Duv' tck.— The Commonwealth to
day only examined one witness, and closed.
Mr Stevens op-ned for the defence by staling
that they will prove that Lewis and Hanaway
were attracted to Parker’s by the firing, a-td did
not counsel the resistance made by the blacks,
and that they were not present at the lime of
the murder. Ten witnesses were examined
for the defence. Considerable discussion en
sued relative to the admission of certain testi
mony. At the dose, the defence rested their
da'ence.
The Commonwealth has two witnesses yet
tn examine Mr. Th tmpson, the District At
torney, has labored zealously in behalf of the
laws of lhe State and the United States.
While his whole course has been on the side
of mercy, he has showed a just determination
to upho d the supremacy of the laws. 1 see
from the evidence adduced, that he will ask
that the prisoners be commi ted to answer the
charge of treason against the United States.
The magistrate will give bis deci ion in the
case to-morrow morning at nine o’clock. An
other important arrest was made at Christiana
ih.s morninr at ten o’clock.
Sept. 25 —The magistrate has directed that
the five persons, two white men named Lewis
and Hanaway, and three colored, be committed
io the custody of the U. S. marshal to be taken
to Philadelphia, and there tried fur treason
against lhe United Slates.
The examination ol the thirteen remaining
prisoners, blacks, has resulted in the discharge
>f six, and lhe remainder to be taken to Phila
delphia for trial.
There was considerable disputation between
cuunssl ar the winding up of the case, but the
community are satisfied with the decision of
the magistrate, and the excitement has subsid
ed.
PkiUdetphia, Sept. 25t&.—Eleven of the per
sons in custody at Lancaster, charged with be
g concerned in the Christiana outrage, iriclu
ring Lewis and Hanaway, whits men, were
brought to this city to-day to take their trial for
treason. The rest were released.
The Conflagration in Buffalo.
Buffalo. Sept 26, 9 A. .U.—About 4 o’clock
this morning a fire broke out iu a wooden
building on Peacock street, situated m the
centre of what is called “The Five Points.”
A strong Suuth East wind was blowing at lhe
time, and the buildings all being of wood, and
very dry, the firesp ead with fearful rapidity,
and in less than fifteen minu'es the entire
block of buildings on Rock and Peacock streets,
from the ship canal and Erie street to Evans
street, was tn flirnes The fire then crossed
Erie street and seized upon the large plauing
mill of (he Messrs. Eaton.
it then crossed the canal and Erie street
bridge—sweeping every thing on the oppo
site side ot lhe canal to the “Terrace”—thence
down the Terrace to Mechanic siree’, on both
sides of the canal.
Here by great exertion ti e fire was cheeked.
The number of buildings burned must be
upward of five hundred, and the ground burn*
ed over about thirty or forty acres.
The brick school house on Erie street, in
district No 2, was destroyed.
The amount of lumber burnt in Messrs.
Eaton’s mill aud yard was very large, as also
in lhe yards of George Yowel, and Messrs.
F irmer dk Deßlaquiere
The buildings burnt were nearly all of wood.
The number of tamilies turned out of homes
is very great. Many of them barely escaped
with their lives, so learlully rapid was the pro
gress of the flame-.
It is feared that a number of persons have
been bnrneu to death, although no bodies have
as yet been recovered. The loss ia estimated
at ha f a million of dollars, ouly a small po’-
tion of which is insured.
The Great Earthquake at Naples.
The Hon. E Joy Morris, the American
Minister to Naples, n a letter addressed to
the “Republic,” gives a minute account of tho
terrible earhquake which occurred in tho
western portion of the kingdom of Naples
on the 14ih of July, by which some two thou
sand five hundred lives were lot , and several
towns either totally prostrated oi greatly dam
aged. Mr. Morris says hit previous to lhe
shock a small stream that runs near ti e city
of Meifisuddenly disappeared, and add?:
“At lhe first shock Melfi, which contains ten
thousand inhabitants, was prostrated in the
dust, notiiii’g but a tew < rumbling wails sur
viving the general ruin An unknown num
ber of its inhabitants were buried under Ike
fall.ng mass of fabrics Up to lhe present tn »
uient (August26th) seven hundred dead bo
dies have been disinterred, and many oth rs
are constan ly being found. More than lvo
hundred person 1 lie in an adjacent hospi il,
suffering under grievous wounds, while muny
have been dug out alive from the runs.
Amongst others, a female infant, a year < !d,
after lying buried for two days, was brou .bl
outliving and unharmed, and testored to hs
afflicted mother, widowed by the Baton
•alamily
"The shucks and rumbling of the earth sti
' occasionally occurred at the lime of wriun
ibie latter, and all eves were turned upon V«
1 suvius aa the aafety valve through which th
1 atruggliug fires might esotpe, although I <
ocal signs were yet apparent.
“ The neighboring towns of Atelia, Rior.cr >.
Barile, and Rapolla are sufferers by the s
convulsion. Ktonero ia a general wreck. n. a
aound house remaining—more than a bund, I
persona have here perished, ..nd as many h a
been inaimed or wounded. In Banle, r,-j
only ed.fice net entirely destroyed is t j
orphan asylum, while the discovered dt . i
amount to about ne hundred and fifty. . i
the sommeaa of Bari, he towns of Cere >
Minervini, Bpinaxxola, Andria, and Tr ,i
were all injured more or less In Canta
me ancient I'anonani, founded by Diom I
and whose walls once enclosed a oircutolr .-
eon miles, ihree hundred and seventy > t
houses were thrown down. At the las re
port'he shocks around Mount Vulture c
ttnued, end on a halt of the city of Venn a
the ancient t'euueia cont ining s’X ihousa I
1 inhabitants, and celebrated as the birinplact
Horace, was destroyed Iho mountain pr -
inces of the Abiuzxi and of Calabria, wu
the earthquake of 1783 des royed three h
dred cities sad buried tbtr y thousand hut
’ beings, nave thus far escaped.*’
Musical.— The first appearance of Mis* < . *
trine Wuyes.—Tl'.e first concert of this emin
vocalist was given in New York on Tues y
. evening. The Courier thus speaks of it:
The first display of Miss Hayes’ artistic po
ers in America has proved to her a veritable t
umph. Tilpler Hall never held a vaster or in
enthusiastic audience than crowded its enti
available space last evening. Though the pt
lormancea throughout excited universal admit
tion, the singing of Miss Hayes, of course w.
the grand feature ot the occasion. Upon h
first entry upon the stage, she was welcome
with an outburst of spplsuso that continued see
eral minutes, and a shower of boqueis fei
around from all directions. The fair ar istc was
evidently much affected by the warmth of hi
reception. H.r winning countenance, suffused
with emotion, and her uraeeful figure arrayed in
simple white, had tally captivated all hearts, be
tore a note had passed her lips. Iler singing in
■ all her five pieces perfectly sustained the high
anticipations that had been formed of her. The
two ‘n w Inch she especially move I her audience,
were '‘The Harp that once through Tula’s
Hulls,” and the “Ah Non Giunge,” from 'he
SonnanTula The former was sung with a t>a
hos that kept the audience, as it were, spell
bound. The reflection that the lyre of the gs -
edauthor was now more than mute —was broken
forever —the thought that a thing of such gl nous
beauty should meet so sad an end, lent to the
song a double p'aintiveners. and the sweet ten
der gushing sorrow of the fair daughter of Erm
touched chords of sympathy in every bosom
In "Ah non Giunge,” a very difficult piece of
vocalisation, she excite! an admiration that ex
pressed itself in perfect ru-ors of applause, and
she *as most rapturously encored. Miss Hayes,
though not vicing with the peerless Jenny Lind,
. in bn.iiancy of tone aud clear ness of articulation
has justly won the name of a first-rate artist.
Her singing is wonde-fuily replete with feeling—
paniculatL that ol a plaintive east, iler voice
-a beautitul soprano -possesses great compass
and expressiveness, and has been thoroughly
disciplined uro the most complete control. She
executes ehromat c passages and shakes wi.h
rare precision, and she seems at esse in the most
difficult intricacies of her music. She assuredly
has a brilliant career before her in our country.
Mr. Augustus Braham, the son of the great
English tenor, sung with great effect, sadid also
Mr Mengis. The oice ot the former is a rich
tenor, possessing great range aud flexibilty, and
hlscxecuu n, considering rhe short time he has
appeared in public, has at'ained a hign degree of
excellence. Both he and Mr. Mengis were hcar
tilv applauded, and earnestly encored. Madame
Maretxck, as she is always sure to do, pleased
every one by her beautiful performances on the
, harp.
Take it ail in all, the new candidates for Amer
, iCan javor could not have wished lor a more suc
ccsdul dsbur. The git te I eaniat’ice especially is
promised the addition in the New World of many
. bright and enduring leal to .he laurels she
laseisewfiereeo, snetddy and so worthily won.
1 tit’ Journal of l ommerce ssa •
She sang splendidly s htr voice isinconceiva
yfi and ot a quality a d purity so rare and
■eeti’ul that it strikes the hear at once. It is
sympathetic- Sbewaa encored in every
us*. ■ het banade seemed to touch every heart,
» d. ’hdaed> wc never heard »o ranch passion and
tech iosiint thrown into a simple melody
The readings wore new, aha UMy were
-» x» eew At the end ot the ballad
w • M—trhiik, • yimill vroatb pi .
rei was inrown to her, and the public would not
bo satisfied until she placed it around her fair and
klndlybrow. The triumph of Mies Hayeswas
complete and perfect, and she will doubtless cre
ate a great sensation in the public mind, and
draw thousands a night as in the case of Jenny
Lind. The audience one and all seemed to be
affected by her singing, they did not only wonder
—they felt—and that will prove lhe surest attrac
tion. Miss Hayes possesses a fine, showy p r
son. Her hair is a dark auburn, and her face has
a pleasing, sunny expression. She wore a white
satin skirt, under a lace tunic looped up with
flowers The neck of the dress was also border
ed with a wreath, in which green, the emblem of
her country, greatly predominated.
tot ujl’eizt v
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AUGUSTA, GA.:
WEDNESDAY MORNING,;.... OCT. 1.
SAMUEL BARNETT, Associate Editor.
Constitutional Union Nomination.
FOR GOVERNOR.
HON- HOWELL COBB
For Representative from Btlx District t
HON. ROBERT TOOMBS.
CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION.
First Dist.—CHARLES H. HOPKINS,
of Mclntosh.
Szcond District —JAM ES JOHNSON,
of Muscogee.
Third Dist —ABSALOM H. CHAPPELL,
of Bibb.
Fourth Dhtrict. —CHARLES MURPHY,
of DeKalb.
Fifth District.— E. W. CHASTAIN,
of Gilmer.
Sixth District —J UNI U S HI L LYER,
of Wa'ton.
Szvefth District —A. 11. STEPHENS,
of Taliaferro.
Eighth District -tt O B E R T TOOMBS,
of Wilkes.
For Senator from Itlelimond and Co
lumbia.
ANDREW J. MILLER.
For Re resentatlve. from Richmond 1
JOHN MILLEDGE,
ALEXANDER C. WALKER.
To the P011,..T0 the Poll,,
As we shall not again have an opportunity
to speak to the great maas of our readers prior
to the election on Monday next, we avail our
selves of the occasion to addreis to our friends
a few words to urge them to the discharge of
their high sod responaible duties as Georgians,
Americans and Freemen, who desire to per
petuate Liberty, the Constitution, and the
Union.
The time for argument and the discussion Os
the great principles involved in the contes have
now passed, and nothing remains to be per
formed but to exercise the highest and noblest
privilege ofa Fteeman—the elec’ive franchise.
That should be performed with an eye single
to tha great interests of the country, the
whole country, and the preservation of the
sacred institutions of our fathers. No per
sona! considerations, however high, no ties
however close, whether of persona! friendship
or «onsanguinity, shou d influence any t an’s
vote in a contest like th ; s Every man who
is influenced by principle should so cast his
vote as to carry out his principles, and under
no circumstances vote for one opposed to him
If you are a friend of the Union suppor
the Union candidates, and repudiate the star),
dard bearers of thv disuniouists. Thia is your
duty to yourselves, your principles, and your
country, and if you fail to discharge it, you
are culpable—you trifle with your privileges,
your liberties and the great principles involv
edin this contest. No man is fit to represent
you, if you are influenced by principles, who
will not carry out those principles, end you
should not vote for him whatever your rela
tione or ties.
Thus much in reference to your duty in this
particular. Let ui now invoke you not to neg
lect to cast your votes. You are contending
wi'h a vigilant wily adversary, whose studious
ly concealed purpose is the dissolu’ion of the
Un : or. of these States, and the establishment
of a petty Southern Confederacy, and you
should not only vote yourselves, but see that
your neighbors and friends also discharge
their duties.
Go then to the polls—urge your friends to
do likewise, and unite in a common effort not
only to preserve your Liber ies, the Constitu
tion and the Union, but to put down the agita
tors and Disunionists, whose highest ambition
and secret purpose are to destroy all.
Dinner to Mr* Toombs.
Thz Barbecue given to the Hon. Robert
Toombs, which came off Friday at the City
Hall Park, was altogether a very superb affair,
whe her we contemplate the number of persons
present, the excellence and bounteousnsss
of the dinner, or the admirable spesch of the
distinguished guest.
The anticipated pleasure was, however, in
some degree disappointed by the non appear
ance of those speakers of the opposition, who
had been invited, and who it was fondly hoped
would be present, to participate in the discus
sion. None of them came, however, nor were
they heard from, except Col. McMillan, tne
disunion candidate for Congress, who sent to
the Committee a certificate of his physician
that he was unable to attend.
Whether the distinguished gentleman (f)
im ‘gine J that it was a grand court f inquiry
to pass upon hissins of commission or omis
sion during the canvass, and deemed a certifi
cate necessary to excuse his non appearance,
we know not, certain it is, however, the certi-
Cca.e was produced and read. Rather an
unfortunate sequel to the boasted desire of the
disunionists in thiscity, to enter the list of free
discussion
The audience, which was very large for a
county meeting, com nenced assembling soon
after 11 o’clock, and at 12, Mr. Toombs took
the stand, and occupied it for two hours in one
of ths ablest and most masterly efforts we have
ever heard from him. He made no effort at
display, the whole energy of his powerful
mind was directed to the elucidation of the
great question at issue.
It was throughout a speech ?f great power.
Jist ngtiished for its clear and lucid illustration
of lire slavery question from the foundation of
the government and its s'osely reasoned argu
ment in support of the adjustment measures
of the last Congress, in which he triumphant
!y vindicated his own course throughout the
progress of the whole controversy, and the
wi’dom and patriotism of the Union party of
fteorgia in their acquiescence in those meas
ores.
He was listened to throughout with the most
aaarked and respectful attention -indeed, so
aserked was it, that the audience in their anxie
ty to catch every word scarcely applauded d r
ring its delivery.
When he concluded, dinner was announced,
and the immense crowd, among wnotn we
wore very much pleased to observe a number
of ladies repaired to tbe Academy grove, just
•cross the street, and partook ofthe sutnptu
ous repast, which it is but faint ptaise to say
reflected great credit upon the commit ee
charged with getting it up.
That disposed of, a large portion of the
audience r.i-assembled at the stand, and were
addressed by Col. JlmitMt, Jous Phiwixt
Jr. Esq., and th i Hon. A J. Miller but a,
our bn-iness prevented our remaining, we did
nol bear the speeches of either of these gen
tlemen. We learn, however, that our friend
Putßixv. who accepts I the invitation of the
Committee, extended in the outset to any of the
opposition to par icipate m the discussion, ac
quitted himself very creditably—making the
beet of abba a very tad cause.
No Small Pox.
We take great pleasure in calling the atten
tion of the public to the report of Dr. Dux
l«s. Chair . an of the health Committee, in
which the agreeable intelligence is announced
that there are no eases of Small Pox or Vario
laid in the city.
Ovvws or Tax Boxas or Hsalth, {
Augusta, Sept. 30, 1851. j
Since ray report on the Is’h inst., no new cases of
-’waft Pox or Varioloid have occurred. The eiiy is
entirely free from those diseases, and from the tixe
that has elapsed since the breaking out of the last
oases 1 Lei warranted in saying that I believe we shall
have no more Smalt Pox or Varioloid in Augusta,
unless brought from other places
Persons may visit he city without fear of any
Small Pox, as the liisesse bos entirely disappeared
MM. E. DsablNO,
Chairman Board of Health
Makxixg Nxwsrarxßs The Post Master
General has decided that it is lawful for pub
lishers of newspapers, or others, “to draw a
marg over an a-iver isement 'or the purpose of
directing at ention to it.” This decision has
been civen in reply to a communication from
the Chamber of Commerce, informing .he
pea. Master General mat some postmasters
bad so construed the existing law as to subject
Mwepapen eontatoing advt thoa
liked o 'r-twepostage!—Uwe Gucmu.
The True Doctrine of S eea.lon In a !
Nutshell,
When n q ies i. >a urines between
two nations, which cf them hu the ezclus.ve
right of dec ding it I
Let the question be pondered as long as it
fflay—and the absurdity of the question will
continually become more glaring
Repeat it in a different f;rm In a case of
compact between psrties having no common
umpire, which party his the exclusive right of
interpretin'* the compact?
Neither par y. The sheer, absolute absur
dity of claiming for either party, the exclusive
right of judgment has never been perpetrated
by any wrier upon national la v—or the law
of contracts. It is upon this miserable absur
dity, however, that Gov. McDonald bases his
view of the right of Secession.
The true doctrine was laid down by Mr.
Jefferson in the Kentucky resolutions, in’he
following words:
“In all cases of compact among parties hav
ing no common judge, party has an equal
right to judge for itself, es well of infractions,
an of the mode and measure of redress ”
Neither party is bound by lhe decision of
the other. Each party judges for i self, as well
of the infraction as of the .node and measure
of redress, i. e. judges and acts for itself.
Who aro the parties 1
“To this compact (the Cor: slim .ion) each
State acceded as a State, and is aa integral par
y, its co States forming as to itsel , the other
party.”
The question “who is the proper judge ?”
is very ditlerenl from “what is the proper de
cision ? ”
The proper decision can be but one. So
long as ni’iotH or parties have no common
umpire, however, so long must ’here be two
judges of controversies between them. So
long as men are fallible—not o say di honest
—so long may the decisions of these two
judges differ.
That o Jy one of the decisions on a single
point can bo righ , is most true. But who
shall say which that is? By the very terms of
the investigation wo are pursuing, there is no
common umpire. If the one party has supe
rior claims to the right of exclusive judgment,
what are these claims? On whit do they
rest? If in the case of a seceding State and
its co-States, the federal claim (which gives lhe
general Government the exclusive right,) be
unfounded, because destructive of State So
vereignty, so the claim of the exclusive right
in the seceding State is equally objectionable,
as absorbing the delegated powers. It is the
right of ‘ mutual control'' Hone, which keeps
the sy tern properly balanced. In averting
the equal right ol jidgmen*, the Kentucky re
solutions did bur deciare a great principle of
public lav, and common sense. This very
responsibility for its judgment w s pronounced
by Gov. Trouf “one oi he great securities
against hasty and precipi J e action on the part
of the S ates.”
Another great cause o. muddy conceptions,
is the confounding of t two questions. “Is
Secession a peaceable remedy?” aud
“ought it to bx peaceable: ”
The ground on which the answer to the 'at
ter question rests, is not to be found in lhe de
nial to the cj-Sia’es, the right of judg : ng at
all—but the right of juJging dishonestly and
falsely.
Secession is of r ght, and ought to he in
fact, a peaceable remedy, when founded on
just cause. Now there are two judges of tne
justice of the cause. If the cruse is really
just, then the Secession ought to be peaceful
—and to attempt prevention, would be grossly
unjus* ar.d oppressive But (ho parties may
differ—even honestly—upon it e justice of the
cause. Bo h are bound so far as nation? can
be bound to any thing, to dec de bone-lly and
justly.
And let Pbe observed that tha decision of
the practical question ‘‘Shall it be peaceable T' 1
is dependent to t on the party seceding alone,
but equally on the other paity who is to con
trol the latter ? The decision of the eecedin?
party cannot control it. What ctn? Noth
ing but good faith—and good conscience—the
sentiment of other na’ions—the right of self
defence in the other parly —in a word, the
usual restraints upon nations engaged in a
controversy.
The Texas Boundary BUI.
Upon this subject the Co isti'utionaliat,
says :
“ If she (Texts) did not accede to the terms of the
stronger party, she would have been forced to
part with her territory, or maintain her jutudie.irn
over it at the point of Hie bayonet against the vastly
superior power ofthe Federal Govern neot.”
To fortify die above asser ion, it occupies a
column.
Now that paper knows—and every body
knows—th it tha position of the administra
tion w w taken only for the interval required
for the decision of the question of title. The
quotations it furnishes, themselves prove thia
“Until it is decided by competent authority’
was the limit of ’.ho time referred to by the
Administration. The means ihe Administra
tion proposed to adopt we-e clearly shown
by Mr. Stephens (and by Mr. Tcombj al.-o
in an able out uupubl.shed speech) to be ille
gal. But the-e means were contetnpliled
only for ihe time as above limited. T e tern
porary suapen, on of the ciaim of Texas was
all that ever the erroneous action of ihe Ad
min.siration demanded Even during this
temporary suspension, Texas was not without
the assurance o aid against the exerciso of
usurped power. It is idle to sxy that the tem
porary sispension of her claim yendents lite
(during the decision of the controversy)
forced Texas to part with her territory.
The article of September 21st, is a tissue of
fallacies scarcely plaurible. The Ch-onicU did
not assert, as stated by tl c Constitutionalist,
that "the part of Texas cut off carries the
na'.itutmn of slavery into thu whole territory ’
It only asserted that it wou'd "extend the laws
tolera.ing slavery, i r it needed extensicn.”
The 11 ecn-is ency alluded to by the Con
stitutionalist, exists therefore, not between two
of our eta’imants, but between one of our
statements, and its own mis epre entation of
another.
Tne Slate Constitution prohtbi ing slavery
referred to by the Constitnti analist, has no
efficacy whatever, and tha- paper knows it bai
none. Any present di,position of the inhat i
tsets to pro ibit slavery is restrained from
doing us injury by tha express provision of
the bill, prohibiting legislation on that subject
by the Ter.-itoria Government When appli
cation is made for admws.on, the State can
come in with or without slavery, as ir may
prefer.
We repeat, that to have compelled an un
willing connexion with Tetas, would have
been unnec-asary to the latter, and prejudi
cialtoboth. The character of the slave laws
is not affected by the transfer, and cannot be
altered un'il the admission of the Territory a.
a State.
The Constitutionalist cannot deny that the
bill was passed by a majority of Southern
men. Thia significant fact it endeavors to
make null by the singular argument that the
Southern men voting for it, were "Constitu
tional Union and Compromise men ’’ This
is equivalent to the argument, that it proves
nothing to say it was passed by a majority of
Southern votes, because it was only voted for
by those who voted for it. We argue that it is
nut a great grievance inflicted upon ns— force*
o ns, because we are a minority in Federal
numbers—since we did not use the Federal
strength we really possessed to defeat it. The
reply 'hat the Southern men voting for it
were “Compromise men” is certainly novel
ingenious, and intrepid.
Jcdsb Bgastßs- —Hrs Position.—A personal
friend of Ibis gan'Jeann residing in dilledgerille,
rrq tested ns to say. that the report that Judge Ber
rien had expressed hie determination to rote for Mr.
Gobb for governor, is an unauthorised statement.
We were tarred with a perusal of the letter of
Judee Berrien to the gentlemen a bore alluded to,
and we are happy In make thia correction.—FkUt
al Union.
We doubted the correctness of the report
alluded to when we first saw it, and we are
glad to see that Jcbgk Bkrrixx has been so
industrious in contradicting what the Federal
Union considers a calumny. His prompt con
tradiction will lease no doubt as to his real po
sition, and the Union men of Georgia will
know whtt place to assign him.
Bars Bcrmt. —We regret to learn that the
barn on the farm of Dr. I. P. Gartut. near
he city, with all its contents, was consumed
yea erday afternoon, by fire. In it was stored
his entire crop of fodder and a large portiot
of his corn crop, which bad just been gathered.
We did cot learn how the fire originated.
New Post Orrtcxs—Toe following new
Post Offices have bean established in Georgia :
Juno. Lumpk n county, Wm. Bart. P M
Martin's Store. Macon county, A, J. Easom,
P. M
Reynolds Houston county—Thomas Lewis,
P. M
Sterling, Montgomery county—William A
McLeod. P. M.
Toombs, Richmond eountv —James Palmer,
P. M.
Through a private le’ter from Athene we
'earn that workmen employed four miles
from the city, in draining he field of Marathon,
found the place of sepal ure of the warriors
who fell sere in the memorable battle 490
years before tho birth of Cbriet. L»«d«a
Monnag ctremJi
“State Rights In 1833.”
There ii no ambiguity in the resolutions of
the Slate Rights partv, passed in Mi hdgevillo
in Nov. 1833. As that meeting denied a par
ticular proposition of tho proclamation of
Gon. Jacks! n, it affirmed the converse to be
true. We gave in our former article the pro
per and logical converse. To deny this, is to
make an attack not upon us, but upon the
principles of logic and common sense.
The genial in tin proclamat on of lhe right
of secession “under any circumstances what
ever”—is eq rivalent to tho affirmation that
“there arc circumstances in which the State
would have the right to secede.” We admit
it. We believe there an circumstances which
wouldjustify it—and that, notwithstanding lhe
unity of the nation would ba thereby destroy
ed. The Constitutionalist does not state the
logical converse of the proposition. Omitting
the word* “there are circumstances under
which the State would have the right”—it as
serts the broad, general, and unqualified pro
position, that “t ie State has a right to secede,
notwithstanding it will destroy the unity of the
nation,”
If it meant the Slate had this right always
and under all circumstances whatever, no
principle of correct reasoning will sustain the
de faction. It it meant only what we admit
ted, why did it attack our admission ? The
truth is, it meant the former, and has run a
tilt against well established rules of reasoning.
That the right to secede at all would not
exist, unless the States we e sovereign, is very
obvious Tha naked assertion of “the right
to secede by virtue of sovereignty, ’ however,
is intended to mislead, by in facing the belief
that nothing else bjsides “sovereignly” is
necessary to confer the right. A sovereign
State has, under proper circumstances, the
right to secede—while a <-Jnty, because it
lacks sovereignty has not ths right. Sovereign
ty is necessary to secession, but does not, of
itself aloue, c infer the right of secession. His
office confers on aa officer of the law, the
right to hangs nuinsn being—under certain
circumstanoe-t, however, and not at his own
discretion. His office is necessary to protect
him from guilt—but he may not by virtue ol
his office hang whom he pleases, and when he
pleases. The proposition is true when pro
perly qua ified—untrue in the sense in which
the Constitutionalist would have it under
stood.
From our denial of its 9 t h and 10th propo
sitions, the Consrimtionalist infers that we
hold aac.srion not to be a peaceable right
We will take the pains to explain with some
precision, the correct view of this subject.
We stated ia a former article that we would
comment on any attempt to mystify it.
Secession for just cause is, {or at least
ought to be,) a peaceable right. It gives the re
maining States no right to make war If they
do make wa’, notwithstanding this, their pio
cedure is unjust and tyrannical.
Secession without just cause, is not a peacea
ble right, in other words, it is an act furnishing
to the remaining States the legal right to make
* ar. Still they are not under oMtgatfantto
make war—considerations of policy—of kind
feeling—of respect to honest error in the
opinions of the people of lhe seceding Sla’e—
many considera'.iors may restrain them from
the exercise of a e'ear political right.
Wherein then do we differ from the Consti
tutionalist ?
Ist. hi our opinion, as to the occasion au
thorixiag secession, it believes that a State
can secede ‘ by virtue of its sovereignty”—
and adds no condition We believe that there
are cir 'Utnstanees in wh‘ch the State hss the
right to secede—and that there are others in
which it Ii s not the right, and subjects itaelf
by secession to war. Mr. Calhoum, Gov.
Troup, the most distinguished S ate Rights
tn-jii, believed the teceding Sta e responsible
fur secession
2d. It is possible it may hold the same
opinion with Gov. .McDonald, as to the right
of the oth :r States to judge of their course in
the ooirroversy, i. e , it may deny them any
such righ:. We hold this denial to be simply
absurd. It denies to the Constitution even
the effectof an ordinary treaty. The belie lof
such a doctrine arises from lhe most inade
quate and puer lu notions of the most ordina
ry laws which regulate the intercourse of na
tions.
Tne party which censured »he proclam Hion
<nd force bill, held them unconstitu.ional and
void. Violations of the constitution we too
t old to furnish just ground of secession—and
opposition to secession on such ground to be
“a glaring infraction of State Right*, and a
gross outrage upon the liberties of (he people ”
-Suppose « citizen of the Sandwich Islands,
in a controversy wi h France, to hold not
merely (hat Franca was nnjus’ in making war
upon an insufficient groun I—but to go farther
and assert that France had no right to judge of
occasions of war. Such an Inlander might aay
that rhe equal right )f France being admitted,
there was no longer any safe guard for the
liberties of the Sandwich l/ands The equal
rig’’ t to judge on the Dart of Franca, would
not thereby be destroyed, however.
in reply to the epit ets, “muddy and ob
scare ’ applied to our reasoning by the Con
stitutionalist, we had perhaps, better say noth
ing. The subject is an abstract arid abstrue
one There may have been reasons for its
failing to see to lhe bottom of it, clher than the
rtuddiness and obscurity of the medium
through which it locked.
The handsome allusion to its own monumen
tal position—a standing rebuke to apostates—
has in it but t>o much truth (of a Pickwickian
sort.) Judging from the specimeni our co
lumns have recently afforded of its total and
final apoeticy fr »m its former favorite doc
trines, it does stand a melancholy rebuke to
po'fttcal apostates- detected, exposed, and on
most prints, Speechless
Political Candor.
Dumito the progress of ths canvass io Ala
batna, a ra'her remarkable int'ance of political
candor occurrtd at Cahawba. A meeting of
Becessioniss was addressed by Mr G. W.
Gates, ooe of the most ultri disunion men in
the whole State. Mr. Gatlb concluded his
remarks by introducing the following resolu
tion :
“ Kesolved, That we approve of the Montgomery
Platforin, but we are afraid to run candidates cn it!’*
The Montgomery Platform here alluded to,
declared that secession was "only a question
of time.’ But the builders of the platform soon
discovered that the patriotic people of that
Blate would not tolerate any such hereby, and
in their anxiety for the spoils, a large portion
of them abandoned it. Mr Gath seeing this,
and feeling indignant at their base desertion of
their deliberately proclaimed opinions, (for
miny of them, like their associates in Georgia,
suddenly avowed their devotion to the Union,)
introduced the resolution above.
The same party in Georgia have been guilty
of a like abandonment of the principles with
which they set out last year. They opened
the bah at Macon in a Meeting over which
Governor McDonald presided, in which disu
nion was openly pr claimed by the ape kersand
most vociferously applauded by those present.
Indeed,so apparent was their purpose to dis
solve the Union, that their Secretary, Thomas
Hakdihas, published a card in which he
absolved himself from all connection with the
party.
Again, the Nashville Convention assembled,
and so bold were the actors in she avowal of
tneir treasonable designs, that the President,
Judge Shsrxit, refused to call or preside
over the second meeting of the body, and hat
du.ydevolved upon Charles J. McDosvld
one of the Vice Presidents. They adop'ed a
series of resolutions, looking to a dissolution
of the Union, and as tbe meaa of accomplish
ing the object, a Southern Congress was
recommend ad, to provide for the future in
dependence of tbe South This measure
Gov. MoDosaLD fully approved, and on his re
turn to Georgia issued an address to the peo
pie, urging upon them to send de'egates to
that Congress. And like him his entire party
in the State endorsed and approved the action
of the Convention.
Now, however, having discovered by the
November election that the intelligent and
patriotic voters of the State would not counte
nance any such treasonable acts, they have
very suddenly become the most devoted
frier da of the Union — jo servile in their devo
tion that they are willing to submit to ■ degra
datim" rather than dissolve it —in short accor
ding to their own accounts, are • much bet er
Union men th-n lhe Union party of the State ”
Such are the mutations of that party witbin
a short year, and they now have lhe cool impu
dence to ark the people to confer their suffrage
upon Charles J McDonald for tbe first
office in the y gift— 3 man "ho, within a year,
has been a Federalist of the deepest dye. a
secessionist and anarchist, a submissionist so
servile that he would submit to “degradation'
rather than dissolve the Union, and now
affects to be s good Union man, while his
friends in various sections of the State have
claimed for him every hue and shade of poii
tical opinion, as b:-st suited the particular lo
cality.
Voters cf Georgia, sueh is the man for whom
you are asked to vote for Governor. Mark
mas and repudiate him. I
The Compromise Measures.
The following admirable defence of eich
of "the acH of the late Congress, known as
the Con promise measures/’ has been culled
from the columns of a political journal once
published in this city, entitled the Georgia
Constitutionalist. This journal had a high
reputation in its day, with its party as an
exponent of the principle* of the Democratic
party. It will be observed that the opinions ol
that party on the agitating ques ion of slavery,
coincided with singular accuracy wi h the
principles now advocated by the Union party
The posi ion cf ihe paper then published, on J
the California, Texas, New Mexico and Utah
bills, and on the bill abolishing the Slave Trade
in the District of Columbia, are taken with
great clearness, and will be found admirably
sustained by argument. Nor is the view taken
of these measures at all ultra—for while they
are defended, the writer evidently, in the
language of the Georgia Platform, "finds
matter for objection and matter for approval.’
It will be observed that the Georgia Constitu.
tionalist also took very high ground in favor
of non-intervention, a doctrine in those by
gone days very popular with the Democratic
party. It is deeply to be regretted that no
paper of the name, advocatipg the principles
set for ii in the ensuing extracts, is now pub
lished in this city. It would be a formidable
opponent to the dangerous tendencies of the
Southern Rights organization :
From ths Constitutionals t, May 22
“The Compromisb —The following is sent us by
a gentleman of considerable ability and reputation
in this State, in a letter inclosing us two dollars. It
is accompanied by the following requests:
‘insert, and please comment, and send me your
paper.’
We have received a few more letters' of the same
sort from different sections ol the State.
Mr. Gabdnbr : —Why is the Southern press si
lent at this most important juncture? Why is not
Randolph of Roanoake re-published and sustained by
all tie Southern presses? Why do not you Editors
expose the gross injustice of admitting California
an 1 rejecting Deseret? Why do you not place in
strong colors and bold relief the damning disgrace,
the deep dishonor on our character, the indelible
s ain on our escutcheon, to bave it proclaimed to the
nations of the world that California was admitted
because she excluded the South, and Deseretex
eluded because sb ; admitted the South, and that the
craven, pusilaniraous, cowardly, degenerate South,
quailed before her enemies, surrendered her honor,
and basely suffered her friends shut out and her
foes brought in ?
Great God 1 What will the world say of us?
From what race are we sprung, and what lower
state of infamy will we be required to pass through
to convince the world how much more patient we
can be ttian Job—how far more meek and forbear
ing than the Saints? But enough, enough, my
God, enough! Kossuth.
We fear our correspon lent will think that he has
made a bad investment of his money.
There are features of the Compromise which taken
alone, are very worthy of denunciation, and all
that. Some of them are so obnoxious to the South
that we hope to see them modified by the action of
the moders (e and conservative men of all sections,
with a view to allay irritation and render it, as a
whole, more acceptable to the slave-holding States.
But there are S'-me features in this compromise as
regards the territories which resemble too closely
those of the Clayton Compromise to entitle it to
ui qualified denunciation <roiu us. Those who de
nounced Mr. Stephens so unsparingly for defeating
the Clayion Compromise Bill, and Toombs, Hilliard,
Pendleton, and others for aiding and at etting him,
should be a little considerate of their own position
now.
Those who denounced Mr. Winthrop for his deci
sion on a point of order by which Walker’s amend
ment to the civil and diplomatic appropriation bill
was defeated in the House, should be less furious in
their denunciations of the proposed adjustment.
Clayton’s bill left the question whether slavery
could be rightfully hel j in ihe territories, to be de
cided ty the Federal Courts. It was made a judi
cial question whether the Constitution of the United
S'ales did not carry slavery into the c mm on territo
ries acquired by c nquest and cession, and project
slaves as property there as fully as any other kind of
property.
Under the present proposed compromise, this too
is to be left to judicial construction. Thin was satis
tactoiy to the advocitesol the Clayton Compromise
in 1843. Why should it not be now ?
In Walker’s am*ndment to the appropriation bill,
the territorial hgirlaturcs were lestricted from pas
sing laws respec ing African slavery. This (eat re
is contained in the rreaent s heme of compromise.
It was popular with the c outhern advoates of that
amendment in 1849 Why should it not Le now?
It is now insisted tint the Missouri Compromise
line should be extended to the Pacific by the bitterest
Southern opponents cf the present compromise in
Georgia. Those very persons a few mouths, even
weeks sgo, repudiated and denounced all compro
mise, even .hat compromise, as a surrender of South
ern lights without an equivalent. Tuey insisted on
non intervetniop—ille do trine of Gen. Cass.
But the Compromise proposes the ad i ission of
Caiiioinia with all her boundaries, and with her
anti-slavery constitution. There are grave objec
tions to the manner in which she has been organised
as a Slate, end her territorial limits are enormous
And unreasonable.
But will curtailing her limits curtail the area of
free soil, and extend the area of slavery ? That is
the practical question.
Now it is well ascertained that no pirt of Califor
nia north or south of any given line will ever be
territory, ft cannot be made so against the in
terests and wishes of the people. They have decid
ed not to have slavery there as a social institution.
The De uocratic d< ctrine is, that the people are to be
left free to decide that question for themselves ”
"As to ihe Texas Boundary question, it is sufficient
to say it is a matter of ires choice for Texas to de
cile to accept the terms, or not, as -he pleases,
which are offeroi by the scheme of Compromise,
Sue is not required - she is not to Le forced to part
with any portion of her Territory.
“ A* regards the proposed law in relation to the
Slave Trade in the District of Columbia, it is the
same that prevails in Maryland, and did prevail in
Georgia until it was repealed at the hist session. It
is n fact the law of Maryland, a slave State, ex
tended to the 1 ietiict of C Itiinb'a by authority of
Congress, which was competent for that purpose.
The fugitive slave bill is so 'nettling towards se
curing the rights of owners cf runaway slaves if it
can be enforced. It has objection- ble featuree in it,
inasmuch ua they aie mortifying t» the pride of the
owners. First a- to the Bo nd required oi the owner.
Second, as to the trial by jury awarded to the re
captured slave. A southern man dreg not relish
being compelled to give bonds on which be is liable
to be sued by cne be clains to be his slav? ; nor to
b: arraigned before a Jury to coole-t a question of
right with him.
But it is e'eir if the re-captured fugitive, is re
ally his slate, the bond will never be sued, nor will
the Jury ever be called on to try the question of
right.
“In conclusion, we refer our correspondent,
“Kossuth,” to an article we publish to-day irom the
New York Evening Post, to see the comments made
by the free eoilers of the Nor’h, on a measure he so
bitterly denounces. The Post says the compromise
cheaie the North most shockingly “Kossuth” says
it cheats the South most infamously.
The truth lies somewhere between these extremes.
Txnnessrb Glass Works. These have
been in successful operation for two or three weeks
past, nder the lease and management of Mr. Lea. He
ha? already a vzri-.-ty of quilities and sizes of glass
reaily packed in boxes for sale. The reople of East
fennessee. Nor h Alabama and Georgia, may rslv
□ pen it that ih«y can get bet er and cheaper glass at
this point than in any other market The glass made
at these works is far superior to the ordicary glass
brought from Pi’tibirg. It is not only clearer, but
is freer from tb-.se delect* lhatcause glass to break
easily. Let us all reset ve to encourage home man
ufacture?, and we will in the end be greatly the
gainer. Send in ) our orders from EaM Tenressee,
Alabama and Georgia. They will be attended to
promptly, an J our word f>r it, if you try the class
tr?rn Mr. 1 ea’s factory once, you will patronizs it
ever afterwards Southern men of Georgia and
Alabama, give him a risi.—Knotvilie Register.
If our Enst Tennessee friends would intro
duce iheir Glass in Ge;rgia,the Proprie'ors
should promptly establish agents in Savannah,
Macon, Columbus, Augusta, &,c. and come
directly in competition with the Pittsburg and
other Northern made Glass, by selling at the
same prices for the same qualities of goods.
There is every disposition among all classes to
buy ihe products of Southern manufactories,
a. the same prices, and i' the Tennessee Glass
is thus offered, :hey can supply the entire
demand if the company can make as much.
Healf’b Picture of Webster.—A corres
pondent of the New York Express, writing
from Boston, says:
“While conversing with Mr. Healy to day, I
was informed by him that he had been engaged
□ pon this painting tor a period of four ye rs
I s value is SIO,OOO. .Many reports have gone
ab’oad concerning its final destination, but the
'ruth of ihe matter is this: He tells me that it
is his property —that he intends to exhibit it in
must nil of the main cities in the United S:a es,
and afterthat it is to be purchased and present
ed to the city of Boston, and placed within the
walls of Faneuil Hall. This is the brigand
short of it. May the artist reap a golden re
ward for hi? efforts.”
The Texan Public Debt.—The following
officii decision in the matter of the Public
Deb: of Texas will be of deep in’.e’est to a
large class of readers, whether interested or
not in its effect:
Treasury Department, ?
September 15, )
Sir: The President has decided in the mat
ter of the Texan Pubi c Debt: Firs:, that on'y
five millions of stock can be delivered to Texas
until releases, as provided in the act of Con
gress of the 9th of September, 1850, are filed
in the Treasury Department for ad that portion
of said debt which issued prior to :he 14 b
Janiary, 1810 : as in his judgment the act of
the Republic of Texas of the 14 h January,
1840, specially pledges the duties on impo ts
for al! the public debt of Texas create ! prior
to the passage of that act
Second. That all the issues of Texas bends,
certificates of stock, or note* made receivable
for ’ all public dues,” are claims for which
the duties on imports are pledged within the
meaning of the act of Contre s of the 9th of
September. 1850; and releases of all such
must be filedin the Treasury Department, as
provided in the last-narn d act, before he can
beju-tifieJ in delivering the remaining five
millions of stock to the authorities of Texas.
The President has instructed me to comma
nxate this decision to you, in compliance with
your request made in behalf of the creditors of
Texas. Very truly, your obedie t servant,
Tao. Corwin Sec. of the Treasury.
Gen. James Hamilton, Chairman Com. of
Credr.ors of Texas
Savannah Georgia*—Mr Cobb—The
Savannah Georgian of yesterday, alludes to
the Central Bank deb*, of Mr. Cobb and like
the Federal Union, its correspondent is very
careful cot o tell the whoia truth— .hat would
not serve the purposes of those who would
commit a fraud upon the people. Will the
Georgian purge itself of beieg a party to such
a contemptible trick by publishing Mr. Cobb’s
letter ?
Cincinnati. Sept. 25 n.—Several Cholera
dea ba have occurred at Madison, Indiana.
Tile “Best Union Men.”
Men “to whose defeat we are indebted for i
the existence of the Union this day/’ are now
the bait Union men in Georgia We have not
faith in them, even as a grain of mustard seed.
Met in Convention, they set forth “the claim
of the Union to their hostility” in the tnos
unmeasured terms. Selecting a candidate,
they pat forth as the standard bearer of their
principles the President of the Nashville Con
vention. Choosing their own issues (and
meeting in advance of the Union Convention,
by a forced march, and a change of appointed
time for that purpose,) they set forth the on
| limited, unrestricted right ol Secession. For
what purpose ? The Georgia Platform seem
ed a movement towards uniting the South
But it was to unite it for Union, until Dis
union became inevitable. “Ra her, remain
divided/’ was the voice of their Convention,
and with their incantations they raised the
dead, and Io! the Bank stood before us a living
issue The State of Georgia “ will and ought
to resist, even (as a last resort) to the disrup
tion of every tie which binds her to the U r «ion‘*
certain threatened aggressions. So said the
Georgia Platform. This would have seamed
calculated to secure the union and co-opera
tion of friends of Southern Rights. But no.
We will divide, if possible upon names. If
you fail to call resistance secession, you have
no privilege to co-operate with us.
Amid the din of objurgation and discontent,
no voice reaches us as to a remedy. In vain
have we repeated the question “what redress
for the past—what point of resistance for the
future, do you or your pa* ty propose?” to a
leading Southern Rights paper. In vain have
we explicitly charged the party Convention,
and the party, with proposing no redress—no
resistance. The remedy yet remains to be
told.
The Nashville Convention was forward to
tell it. The answers of the Columbus Timex,
the Savannah Georgian, the Columbus Senti
nel, the Federal Union, were explicit enough
before the last election.
They have bated their breath now. The
Constitutionalist had a remedy once— nay, a
variety of remedies. The Republic had a
remedy. We have been endeavoring to arrive
at the remedy of the Constitutionalist ft Repub*
he s'nee their combination. The singular
chemical phenomenon seems to have been ex
hibited in relation to the remedies of their
papers, of the production of nothing by the
combination of two somethings.
The voters of Georgia have cer.ainly ave
rage in ell'gence. Why then are such appeals
made io their s upidit , and forgetfulness ?
They will gay to Gov. McDonald—fresh from
the Nashville Convention—and to those who
endorsed and sustained his sentiments then and
there, (notwithstanding all their protestations
that to charge them wiih lisunion is a cal
umny) “We know ye—whence ye are.” But
if indeed you have no design against the
Union, and intend to leave Georgia—what
you say she is—degraded, what claims have
you on our support ? Your proposition to
the ptop’e of Georgia is substan ially this:
“We, some of herrons, have charged Georgia
with being in a state of degradation. Endorie
our assertion, and let her remain so.”
Wiil the verdict of her sons sustain the
charge? The issue will be tried on he 6:h
us October next.
Splendid Coaches.
The Mail Contractor on tho line from this
city to Savannah, via. the Central Railroad,
Mr. J. P. Fleming, has recently placed on
the route some of thi most splendid and com
fortable looking four horse coaches we have
see-i a ivwbere indeed, it seems that nothing
could be added to make them more complete,
and they look so flue that in these days of rail
roads and steamships, one is almost induced to
taeke a ride merely to revive some of the re
miniscensas of other days—-never again to re
turn in this progresswe and go-ahead age.
The Hon. J. J. Crittenden, Attorney Ge
neral, return'd to Washington last Tuesday
evening.
The Marble Palace drt goods store in
New York, known as Stewart’s, is now com
plcted It is five stories high, and now extends
from Reade to Chambers street, fronting one
hundred and fifty-one feet on Broadway. Il
front* one hundred feet on Chambers etreet,
and its length in Reade street is one hundred
and twenty-seven feet There are also large
vaults beneath the street two hundred and
seventy eight feet in length, well lighted by
numerous gratings, and so well finished that it
is difficult for a visiter to ealize that he is un
der ground. Below these, and extending under
the whole building, are vast cellar stored witn
goods not required for immediate us . The
average value of stock in the store is upwards
of two millions of dollars.
Politics in New York.—The two Conven
tions, Whig and Democratic, that recently met
at Syracuse, have made their nominations for
Stale Officers i t New York, and Lave adjourn
ed after such ambiguous definitions of their
position? respectively, on ihe Slavery ques'ion
that one is left uncertain as to the views and
principles of either body Speakin; of the
two Conven ions, the New York Journal of
Commerce says:
“From the aspect which these bodies present,
would Ecetn that the politics of this State are reduced
to the condition of a mere scramble for power. The
men in the State of known virtue, cf tried patriot
ism, and of marked ability, have been in the descent
of party, thrown out of its machinery, and they
stnnd aloof from its abuses. The two sets of sta'es
men \?) who occupy the field, have their horizon
bounded by the localities which they inhabit, and
fiom want of integrity or want ol forecast, do little
m->re than foster the sectional pjeju rices to which
they owe their elevation. A Convention of the pre
sent day, instead of being ihe assembled wisdom of
a moiety of this great Slate, is chiefly an assemblage
of those who, at the j rimary meetings, are most
skillful at the low arts which secure the support of
interested and turbulent voters, and its action falls
necessarily far short of what the public wan s de
mand.
The two Conventions which have just held their
meetings at Syracuse, are nearer to equality in all
reep?cts than is usual with such bodies. Both have
limited their oljects to the possession of power. In
the great measure in which the country is deeply in
terested, both are silent; or, if not silent, Loth speak
a language which the opposing faction in each party
construe favorably to their pecu iar position,. To this
un oun’i/ feeling do we owe ihe encouragement and
the growth within our limits, of anti-reniism, and
the fess dishonest, tut far mere dangerous scheme of
abolitionism. New evi s will inevitably and con
stantly flow from its manifestation, until that large
class of substantia! men who have a deep stake in all
the great fundamental principles connecied with our
Government, shall undertake to speak and act in the
politics of the country, and mike a Convention what
it ought to to, —a body to support in plain terms
what is right, and to denounce, so as not to be mis
uaderalood, what is wrong. The eyes of the reople
were turned with much interest towards the two
Conventions.
The great measure of the Compromise, including
the Fugitive Siave Law, had been so widely discussed,
had been made the taming point in so many and in
such important contests, and was so necessary, to
the peace us the country, that it was hoped that it
would beset at rest in this State by the decisive
suppirt of the :wo Conventions. They have separa
ted, leaving their action so uncertain that both may
he aid tjbe as much against it as for it. If but one
of them at thia juncture had acted boldly, and nailed
its flag to this great measure of peace, it would h ve
von the support not only of all the States,
but of al) that large oats of men at ihe N;rih who
ire indifferent to the claims of party, and who regard
the union of the?e States as th: highest political ob
ject.
The South will stand aioof from both bodies. Such
is the trus position, also, of all those who despise the
w- aknefu; and the aim at decept on wh ch are thus so
prominent. An armed nentrality between such op
posing forces will be fruitful of some benefits. A
body of men occupying th s position, capable of being
brougb into action at any fit moment, and atriking a
decisive blow, will avail in other, if not in the present
con ests,
There are attempts already made, we per
ceive, says the Baltimore American, to claim
for the Democratic Convention at Syracuse
more nationality of principles than bo’onzsto
Lie resolutions of the Whig body at lhe same
place Th s sort of deception will no doubt
be persis'ed in; and the South may be milled
in o a delusive confidence, when she ough‘ to
know that upon her own unity and upon that
alone she can rea.onablv depend for strength
and safety. Northern Whigs and Northern
Democrats, under .he influence cf local inte
resis and sectional prejudice? are alike seen
sacrificing nationality to neighborhood ;opu
lanty, yet professing to be na tonal still; they
seek to reconcile impossibi'ities and "rasp at
'he benefis and advantages of a position
which they have not the courage to take ; they
labor with ear.* est zeal in the two-fold effort to
deceive themselves and to cheat the public,
and :hey succeed in neither. Such men—we
refer to the trickters of both parties who uo
foriuna'ely have too much sway over the hon
est masses of both—such men will sua*ain the
cause of the South just to lhe extent that
they cannot help, and will betray it any mo
ment when they can hope to do so with impu
nity and to their present advantage What
they find they mus: do in the way of fulfilling
ti e obligations of nationality, they will do
simply because they most; and nothing but
:he unity of lhe South with t-: e strength thus
concentrated, is likely to have a power of con
trol sufficient to keep them to the line of du y
and to compel lhe due observance of good
fai h
Savannah Nominations. The Constitu-
tional Union : ary of Chatham county met on
Wednesday evening last, and nominated the
foilowing Ticker:
For Senate—John W Anderstn.
For the House—Francis 8. Bartow and
Charles 3. Henry.
The Disunionisis have nominated the fo'ow
ing.
For Senator—Hon. Thomas Pgrbe.
For Representative*,—Hon. G. P. Har
Rison, Dr. J P Screven
The British Government are about to put on
four new ar.d powerful steamer* to carry
mails between Valparaiso and Panama twice *
month. The route is to b-- extend -i as far
•ouch as Taieahuaoa.
The Canv«M i n Greene,
Near I’ENFiiLD, Sept. 27, 185], '
Messrs. Editois : Here I am near Pen
field, in a pleasant grove around the sprin?, as
1 am informed of Prof. Crawford, and have '
spent an agreeable day. I came here to hear 1
the most remarkable man of the age, in my |
judgment, “a least in all these pir s,” speak
on public matters. Well, I have heard him
His opponent was present, a worthy gentle
men, who was unable lo enter in person into
the discussion, but substituted W. J. Vason,
Esqr., who said he was a native of "Old
Green”—had resided in New Orleans—had
been a citizen of California, &c. He is a
gentleman of consilerable acquirements and a
public speaker. 1 bad not seen Mr. Stephens for i
some time. He and his o; ponent have been epeak- >
ing throughout the District, almost daily. His op
ponent has to engage a substitute, being “worn
down and really when I reached the ground and
saw Mr. Stephens, I thought he certainly could not
engage in the dtecusrian, but the hour arrived, the
arrangements announced, and Alexander H. Ste
phens opened the discussion in a speech cf one hour,
in which, he condensed with a power and an elo
quence which few men lever beard or saw could
equal. Although pale and apparently scarcely able
lo rise, his eye was bright, and his voice was heard
throughout the respectful and respectable assembly
of several hundred gentlemen and la 'us. He
stated his propositi ,ns with the utmo-t clearness,
called on his opponent to meet them, and to e>p se
them if they were wrong ; told him he defied him to
successfully controvert them. 1 could state his
every point, and sure I am. that numbers of his
hearers could do so, fur be was as clear as a sun
beam, and no voter left the discussion who did not
fully understand him. He satisfied every one who
was not prejudiced, of the duty of every Georgian
to acquiesce in the Compromise measures* and
maintained with irresistable power, that the people
of the could not only honorably acquiere, but
justly.
Mr. Stephens’ hour having expired, Mr. Vason
rose and spoke tw > hours and a quarter, overruning
his time three quarters of an hour. Mr. Yaren’s
voice and manner are goad, tut he was not argu
mentative He did not meet the issues—the propo
sitions so fairly, so fully and so unmistakably pre
sented by Mr. Stephens. Every body saw it, and
obs eived it, and the people of “Old Greene.” wh..
were present were satisfied that r»» i‘.ln r Mr Vano ,
nor any other man. could have fucces».fal<y met Mr.
Stephens’ arguments; th t wis the
V ason avoided it. i like to hear s ch a man as
.Mr. Stephens speak, he is bold, honest and epi
every argument. Mr. Vason employed himsel'
in giving a discriptioDof California, its latitude and
longitude, extent of sea coast, gold mines, fx pula
tion, condition and its character, the price of labor,
the description of the various >acea and nations
found there, the influence of T. Butler King, &c.
Closed on the right of secession ; maintaining that
right to the exient claimed by South Carolina, and
called upon the ladies to oppose Howell Cobb be
cause he denied the right, and if they should unfor
tunately find their happiness diminished by the con
duct of their husbands, Mr, Cobb would notallow
them to seperate, but Mr. McDonald would. Make
your husbands, your brothers and your beaux, vote
lor McDonald.
Mr. Stephens rose, evidently excited by some per
sonal remaks of Mr. Vason, and he ‘ooked as if be
was six feet rix inches high, his eyes flashing, and
bis voice ts distinct and keen as a rifle; and I
assure you that Mr. Vason’s declarations and reply,
were soon riddled, tailored and thrown to the winds.
And the powers of Mr. Stephens and bi? replies to
the remarks of Mr. Vason, were so withering and
keen, the crowd thought Mr. Vason would have been
much more ccmfor aole even in Ctlifornia. He
handled Mr Vason so handsomely, that 1 saw seve
ral if .Mr. Stef hens’ pobtical opponents unite in the
involuntary ap-lause that burst from the people. I',
wts a jceneu-t to be forgotten by those who saw and
heard it. Mr. S. told the ladies to examine Mr. Vs.
illustra ioa of secession by the marriage contract.
He said Mr V. said McDonald was in saver of
sece.sion without a cau*e—Cobb was in favor of
secession when there was a good cause. And says
Mr. Stephens, suppose your husband, withcut
cause desires to asperate irom you, thinking he
could make himself more co r lortable by leaving
y« u and your children and forming another conr.ec
tion, d > you think it would be right for him to do
so ? end (hat you would h ve to submit and have
not a word to say ? My opinion was, he should at
least be ‘lied up and talked to ” Bu* Mr. Stephens
turned this illustration on its author so admirably
as to excite the whole » ee.ing, m le and female, into
the :> os- rapturous apphuse, and some one asked if
Mr. V. was a married m tn. The reply was no.
Many voices cried out, Never marry, if that is your
sentiment. Huzza lor Hov ell Cobb, and if you can
find uo greater otjec ion than that every body ought
to vote lor him.
I shad not pr tend to repeat after Mi. Stephens,
it cannot be done—his powers—his manner—and
his peculiar intonations, produce the most remark
able effect . I declare to you, the zeal and feeling
displayeu fir him to-day, seemed to be the result of
a sincere convixtion on the part vs the people, tba no
man was truer, honester or greater, than Alexander
H. Stephens. I could bat admire and r?spcct the
deep affection the people have for the man, and it
was delightful to see the kind and pleasant feelings
which exist between him and Mr. Lewis, bis oppo
nent and intimate friend. Mr Vason, I understand,
after battling with Mr. S. ail day, goes h me with
Mr Stephens to-night, notwithstanding the severity
oi his remarks and replies, and withering sarcasm
Mr. Vasrn like all generous men, can but ac'mire
talent, genius, firmness, manliness and said in
his speech to-day, if one of fits partv could not be
elected Senator :n Congress, he would prefer Mr.
Stephens to any man io the State. To which Mr.
Stephen? replied : ! shall never be a Senator in Con
gress, the only offices I look upon as worthy of my
aepiratons are those which are given directly by the
people. I have no idea th>t I will ever be even a
candidate for Sens or. lam sure I never shall be.
Yon have heard that Old Greene was going with
the Sru hern Rights p< rty as the - call themselves—
bye the by •, a » ame badly applied-—tlrs is a mistake.
She will go for the Con-tituti n the Union, and the
rights ol the South, by sustaining the candidates of
the Constitutional Union party by an overwhelming
majority and no mistake. Both the old parties.
Whig and Democratic, are there acting—yea there
are old jxilitical opponents patriotically moving side
by side. Il is pleasant to see, especially the o dest,
safest and wisest of botb parties leading in this eon -
troversy—the young men respectfully aiding. I
have been in some sections of the State since 1 saw
you, and have tuade a general inquiry as to the re
sult cf the Governor’s election ; the prevailing opin
ion is, the majority will excee 1 tec thousand. My
belief is from all the information I have obtained,
it will be neare twenty thousand. Mark the pre
diction 1 will be in Augusta in a few diye. Res
pectfully, A.
“Pecular” Cotton.—We have received from
Mr. Wm. Rowlett, specimen bunches of this Cotton
grown on the farm of William Echols, Esq , in De-
So’o county, Mississippi. There was no rain on said
farm from ihe 18th May to the 12th Augu-t, and yet
on the six acres planted n this cotton .Mr. Rowlett
thinks he will gather 1860 lbs. to the acre. The
specimens sent us certainly amply warrant such a
conclusion, in iependently of the testimony contained
in the following certificate furnished by two of Mr.
Rowlett’s neighbor:
“DeSoto, Miss., Sept. 4th, 1851.
Messrs. Parham Pryor— We, the undersign
ed, having examined Mr. Echols’ “Pecular Co’-
ton” certify that we believe i wi I make 1800 lbs.
per acre, Given under our hands, dire.
“ Robert J Moore,
“ Wii J. »V vnne, 'r ”
The specimens referred to can e s»*en nt this < ffice
and are well worth an examination by th- cur.ous.—
Memphis Eagle.
We confess this is a most remarkable and
peculiar var ety of Hie Cotton plant. What it
would have produced without any rain from
the planting to the maturity we cannot imagine
possibly 3 000 pounds or less to the acre. Long
live humbug ! —Chron &Bent.
[COMMUNICAT3D ]
The Constitutionalist is very particular in de
nying that Governor McDonald ever charged
Judge Berrien with being bribed to vote for any
bill in the Senate, &c. Will the Constitutional
ist deny, that Governor McDonald in his letter
of the 26th July, 1851, to the Charleston Com
mittee denounced the Texas cession act as the
aclT* And will the Constitutionalist
deny that Judge Berrien voted for that act 1
That is the question. Let the Constitutionalist
answer.it. No dodging. Burke.
Unusual Phenomenon, —Last evening there was
a display of the Aurora Bo ealis, of a brilliancy and
iuraticn very unusual, if not unpieceden’ed, in this
htitude. A rich flush of light of various shades,
from a [tale green at the horizon to a glowing crim
son al its upper edge, covered more than half the
Northern sky, and was so vivid as to p’oduee a gene
ra) impression that it was produced bv a cor.fljura
tion in the neighborhood Thia extraordinary visit
of the Aurora wis continued until alate hour of the
night, and if the exhibition was of a cerre spending
brilliancy in regions further North, i: will afford a
rich theme for scientific discussion.— Ch. Mercury.
The phenomena was witnessed in this city,
and was ihe moat brilliant ever seen.
Louisiana.—The editor of the Alexandria
(Rapides) Democrat is informed by the resi
dent physician on ihe plantations ot Meredith
Calhoun, that the number of deaths by the re
cent visitation of the cholera on those planta
tions were t v o whites (Dr. Martin and John
W. Mulkey) and sixty seven slaves.
Mr. Thrasher, the ‘Faro Indus
trial, thejmost successful newspaper in Havana,
which was suppressed lately by a police < fficer,
backed by five men with muskets, is an Amer
ican who has mast-red the S h anish language
completely. The paper never published any
thing against the Government; in fact it could
not publish any thing, for the censorship is so
rigid that all articles are seen in print before
the paper appears. No reason was assigned
for stopping the press, nor was the proprietor
allowed even a copy of the order of the Go
vernor General. Mr. Thrasher was instantly
and suddenly deprived of his property without
a why or wherefore. So says the Baltimore
Sun.
Fire!—About 10o’clock Wednesday night,
we were aroused from sleep by the ringing of
bells; and aoon the Harding cry of ‘ fire,”
was proclaimed in every dir-ction. It proved
to be lhe large old wooden Warehouses, on
the bank cf the river, and t e amount of com
busiible material, connected with floors eatu
rat d with grease, from the storing of bacon
for years, produced a terrific blaze. Fortu
nately, the wind was blowing in a favorable
direc ion, or other buildings would hive been
fired.
There was in the Warehouse about one
hundred barrels of Salt, belonging to Thos L.
Preston, in care of Opt Long Mr C O.
Boyles also, lost about one hundred dollars
worth of goods. It is not known how the fire
originated, but it is supposed io have been the
work of an incendiary.— Chattanooga Gazette.
Balanced Account, —The deficit in lhe
account of the la'e Cashier of the Philadel
phia Bank has been adjusted by parlies inter
eaied in lhe Trevorton estate, paying to the
Bank $c9,000 io cash, and by the Bank’s ac
ceptance of Trevorton bon s to cover the re
maining 51100,000 of the abstracted sum-
Death of Gen. McClure.—Tni* officer
distinguished during 1843 by his conflagration
cf the towns of Niagara, of Lewiston, B ack
Rock and Buffalo, and wno commanded a
brigade of the A.'.erican army on the Niagara
rentier, last war, die! recently in II inoia.
Mr. Clay —VVe reg'ec to learn from the
New York Mirror, that the health of Mr. Clay
is in such a feeble state, tnat it is extremely
doubtful if he will ever again be able to visit
Washington. For the first time in his long
a&d "ionous life, the great Statesman seems to
be physically <j«»pocd:»g. The editor of the
Mirror Fays that he writes this paragraph as it
will b« r ad, with a feeling of r rofound sadness.
—Rick. Whig.
Green Barley a Substitute for Indian
Corn*
The following communication appeared in
the Southern Cultivator, for 1845, a year not
less dist.nguished for its excessive drought than
the present:
“Having noticed in the May No. of the
Cultivator, an inquiry from one of your South
Carolinian correspondents in regard to barley,
and not having noticed in any of the succeed
ing numbers a response to that inquiry, I hope
you wi.i consider it i n good place, as the
season for sowing is fast approaching, to vug
£et j H if eW P a s li culars, the result of experience
and observation, touching the cultivation and
use of this important and much neglected
gram Isay important, because it is the de
liberate opinion of the writer that there is na
small grain of more importance to the farmer,
I or that will make so profitable a yield to the
same quantity of ground. That it i 8 neglected
needs no demonstration, as perhaps the r e is
not one dozen farmers in every fifty j n
South who make any sort of advantageous
successful use of this al most perfect subst tute
for Indian coin.
Having been a peculiar subject of the un.
precedented drought of 1845, which fora
time hung like an incubus upon the energy
and industry of the agricuhuie t, paralyzing
in some tectiona, his best directed efforts, I
immediately set about taxing my managing
and economical power?, to see if anything
cou Id be done to make up for a deficiency of
corn, where not more than one fifth of a crop
was realized Among he most successful of
these effort was* that made in the cultivation
of barley.
After hauling a considerable quantity of sta
ble manure, ashes, rotten straw, <fcc., upon a
little more than one acre cf thin land, st’ffi
. cient I would say, not to be more particular,
to give the entire surface a tolerably good coat,
—the lot was tolerably we I broken up, having
pieviously spread the manure as regularly
over the surface as could conveniently be
done. The barley was then sown, about a
bushel an l a half to the acre, and well plow
ed in. This was about the 10 h of October-
The whole wau then turned loose to t v e sea
sons un i! tome time in February, having kept
la dnrit g this rime a large gang of pigs, with
of a grain ol corn. The winter being unusu
a ly severe, thinned the stand very much, per
n p-odh sixth he quantity which stood upon
th lo having perished by cold.
At the above specified time, February, my
nu’e? and horses were growing quite thin
and under hard service upon twenty four ears
of corn without oats, (odder, straw, &c., per
Jay io sufficient quantity. A resort was no*
made to the green barley, it having gro z
sufficiently high to grasp n the hand and
with a reap hook. It was soon ascertain, s .Jal
it was preferred by the stock to all o’he; kinds,
corn not excepted. A reduction was thert fore
made in the quan’ity of corn, from twenty
four ears to only five, to each horse or mule
at night, and the other food considerably les
sened. Under this latter course of feeding
my mule? and horses improved and did better
.han upon the original plan above stated.
This small lot co itinued an abundant supply
for six head of working animals for nearly
two months, filling three large troughs each
day at noon and night during the whole time.
The result was a net saving of at least fifty
bushels of corn, and a considerable amount of
oats, fodder, &c. In addition to all this,
there wag a great improvement in the appear
ance and health of the stock.
These animals were kept hard at work dur
ing he whole lime they were fed on this green
food, notwithstanding which fact they did not
sweat or scour more than ordinarily. This is
a remarkable fac*, not understood by the
writer, avail other kinds of green food fed to
the same exient to working animals, will pro
duce these effects more or less. These facts
have suggested the belief, that green barley is
sui generis, possessing peculiarly fibrous, escu
lent, and nutritious qualities not contained in
any other species of green food.
Green wneat and oais were also used, of
which ihe former is best, bu neither can be
fed to working aniirals fur any great time with
out the ordinary quantity of corn and fodder
at the same time, as they will weaken the
animal by sweating an J scouring. I have also
been informed that green rye will not answer
alone, it not being sufficiently nutrilious to
sustain them during hard labor, and is liable to
weaken by sweating and purging.
It is beli. ved, from the writer-* experience
and observat’on, (and this opinion has been
abundantly confirmed by some of the best
farmers in this portion of Georgia) th?t green
barley in the spring of the year is ihe best food
for horses known in this country, when com
bined with a small quan’ity of corn and fodder
or cut oats. Horses kept stabled an i well
attended to otherwise, will fa’ten faster on an
abundance of green barley, a little meal and
cut oats, than upon any other combination of
food known in this country. This is a mater
of experience a one, independent of ch mical
analysis. Whether the elementary principles
which exist in f&t are superabundant in green
barley, the writer has had no moans of deter
mining, not being prep red to analyze the
article.
The rule to be observed in feeding working
animals, or those to be fattened, is to keep
them woll salted, give a little dry food, and
then give them as much barley as they can
coiisq e, which is no ‘■mail q lanti'y, as they
are exceedingly fond of it, preferring it to all
other kinds of food.
Green barley ia also an excellent food for
milch cows, sheep and hogs, fattening the lat
ter also equal to corn. There is very litt'e
doubt that a luxuriant pasturage of ba-ley
wilt keep hogs in better health and order than
all the corn that i-» commonly spared by far
mers for hog feeding. As barley is of a very
exuberant growth, small Colds frctn-dtve-tw
ten acres of it could be cultivated with but
little expense for this purpose, and thereby |
save the trouble and expense of feeding hogs
on corn during the win'er ar.d spring t up to
the first of April ; they may then be taken
off and the barley will seed, and make a fine
yield if the gro 'is wel, manured. Alter t
»avi ig sufiiciencj lor seed the hogs may again
be turned on the pasture ; arid the writer af
firms, without, jest, that of all the grain that
i.e has vet tried, barley seed will make a poor
hog carl his tail the soonest. But be careful 1
to keep other stock from the pasture, after the
barley begins to get dry, as tho long beards
will make the mouth sure, and Iso lod.-e in the
throat and produce a bad cough This does
not occur with the hog, he masticates the dry 1
heads with impunity, it may be understood
th-ti, that dry barley, before it is threshed out,
does not answer for the horao or cow. But
after rhe heads are well beaten and broken with
lie H ul, so that the mouth and throat w II not
sustain injur by vie beards, a bushel of barley
is said io be superior to the same quantity of
corn tor any kind of slock.
i’o every i rm»r at the south who li s net
vet cultivated barley, I w mid say, fail not to
make the following experiment the coming fail
Lay off a lot one acre and a fourth in extent,
haul out a sufficient q antity of stable manure,
1 ashes, rotten cotton seed, either or all com
bined, to cover the whole surface, so that there
will be no mistake about its being rich, for if it
i not rich it will not answer for barley. Then
use a subsoil plough, long coulter, or some
long pl >ugh if neither of the first are at hand.
After breaking np once or twice thoroughly
i when the ground is in good order, sow from 1
to 2 bushels of barley, as regularly as possible
and plow or harrow in, and without a remark
able accident, the writer vouches, that there
will be no acre oa the farm that will make so
profilable a vield.
Nothing larger than small pigs should be al
lowed to run on the lot, as treading will pre- S
vent the luxuriant growth of barley. Assoon ■
afer Christmas as it gets high enough to cut ■
wi h a reaping honk or mowing scythe, it is
ready to commence upon, and by the time ®
you have cut over your lot it is ready to cut fl
over again, and so on for several times fl
it gets high it may be cut with the cradle. It fl
should be cut regularly at each time, as any fl
that may ba left will go to seed, and probably fl
be gathered at the next cutting and injure the I
horses'mouths. One fifth ol the lot should be Sg
reserved without cutting for seed. fl
If farmers who have from len to twenty fl
work animals would prepare and sow three fl
lots of this soi t, successively on the first of fl
September, October and Novembe-, they could fl
have a continued supply of the best and fl
healthiest food for their stock throughout the fl
spring. But let me repeat to any farmer who fl
may chance to come short in corn, that barley
cultivated successfully is a perfect substitute I
for ’his staff of life, so far as specified in the |
remarks.
I forgot to mention at the proper place that
cow-penning is an excellent way of preparing B
these lots, if thoroughly done. igij
Respectfully, A. C. Hoot RS.
Woodawn, Crawford Co, Ga., Aug 1, 1846.
Tnn Mtar.—Operations of the mint at PhUa- H
dclphia for the month of August:
DxrcsiTca. sjS
Gold bu11i0n*4,122,210.83 ■
Silver 58,125.82 Sg
4 180,336.65 ■
COIMAOK. .y>
Gold, viz.—Double Eagles 3,162,820.00
Eagles 76,23000 BB
Half eagles 233,275 00
Quarter eiglos 312,645 00 ft?
Gold dollars 303,359.00 K
4,078.329.00 H
Silver, vix.—Half dollars 9 000 00 J|g|
Quarter dollars 5,00000
14 000 00 ■
Copper—Cents, 796,475 pieces.. 7,964.75
The uncoined bullion on hand on the 20th inst.
was—
Belonging to the bullion fund, flaS
assayed 5,236 623.43
Uns stayed 51,600.00
5,288,223.43 ■!
AH depositee of gold previous to the 20th Sep
tember had been paid to the depositors, and all
certificates are redeemed on presentation imme
dialely after being issued.
Th? New Bedford Whaling Liat contain*
some interesting tatistics, from which some
idea of the extent of the whaling business may
be forme I The greater portion of the bust
nees is confined to Massachusetts. The whole
number of vessels employed is six hundred and
five New Bedford has two hundred and M
seventy five ships and barks, and more than
half the tonnage. Nantucket, New London Sj
and Fairhaven have about an equal interest in
the bu >iness. There are now one hundred and
thirty two large ships and barks in port, fitting
for sea. and they will require nearly four thou-
sand men for officers and crews ; tho total
amount of properly invested in the
business must be between twenty and
mi.lions of dollars. The first seven
this year there has been landed about
000 worth of sperm oil, $4 500,000 wmih o r
whale oil, and *1.200,000 worth of bone—
king a total of *6,500,000 for the first seven Bi
boo' I*'*' 1 *'*' t * iS ear ’ ne, ' r b'
F.vxwtvtLLX, Sept. 24—During the past fe* Bjig
ds’,s several eases >,f cho'era !.««■: r ccurred in
this place. Tney m stly yield o trndicnl treat IjSJj
maul.