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Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
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THE WEEKLY
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BY AUTHORITY.
TAX LAW.
Al ACT tr> lemj and cnlU.nl a Tan for each qfC>* political
year* 1802 anti ls&g, arid thereafter, until repealed.
Unman I. fait enacted by Hie Senate and H»u*e of he
prcsmftUires of the Mate of Georgia, i n General A trembly
met, and it is hereby enacted by V* authority qfthe earns.
Tbat tr im and after th* pftM&ge of thin not. all real
and personal estate within tbts HUte, whether owned,
by individuals or corporations, resident or non-resident,
siult be liable to taxation, subject to the exemptions herein
after specified.
Sec. 2. And be U further enactal, That the tenn “real
estate,” as um* I in this act, shall be construed to include
land itself, all buildings or other artistes erected upon,
or affixed to, the same ; ail mines, minerals, fottUto, and
quarries in and under the tame, except mines belongin'? to
the State, and the term "personal estate,” as used in this
act, shall be construed te include all chattels, ninnies, debts
due from solvent debtors, whether oa note, bill, draft
Judgment or mortgage, or open account*, goods, wares
and merchandise, capital Invested In Nhipping or tonnage,
or capital otherwise invested, negro slaves, pleasure sar
riages, public stocks, and stocks in monied corporations;
also such portion of the capital of incorporated companies
liable to taxation on tholr eapital as shill not be invested
in real or personal estate.
fisc. A. And be It further enacted, That the following
property shall he exempted from taxation, to wit: All
exempted from taxation, bj the Constitution es this
Btate or under the Constitution of the United States, all lands
belonging to this State or the United States, ever y baiiding
erected for the use of and used by a college, incorporated
academy or other seminary es learning, every building
lor public Worship, every school house, court house,
and jail, and the several lots whereon such buildinpH
are situated, and all the furniture belonging to each
of them, all books and phllosophienl apparatus not held as
merchandise, and for the purpoM of sale, every poor
house, alms house, house of industry, and any house be
longing to any charitable institution, and the real and per
sonal estate belonging to any charitable institution or con
nected with the same, the real and personal estate of any
public librsry, and other literary associations, all stocks own
ed by the ht«tc and by literary and oharitable ioetituons, also
alt plantation and meohanieal tools, all bsuseh dd and kitch
en furniture not above the value of three hundred dollars, not
held far purpose of sale, or as merchandise, all libraries—all
poultry and s*oo value of other property belonging tc each
tax payer, ami also the annual orops and previsions of the
eitlsens of this Htate, tad all fire arms and ether Instru
ment! And all munitions of war not held as merchandise, and
all wearing apparel of the tax payer and family, and the
holder or owner of aloek In any inoori>orated esmpany
liable to taxation on lt«eapital shall not be taxed as an
Individual for such stock.
fine. 4. And be U further enacted, TTiat all lands held
tinder warrants, and surveyed, hut not granted by the
dNktH, sh ill be liable to taxation iu the same manner ns if
•etually granted.
Bar. 6. A rut bait further enacted. That nil monied or
Stock corporations deriving Income or profit from their
capital or otherwise, exoept as before excepted, shaft be
• liable to taxation.
Bar. 6. And be it f».'ther enacted? That each and every
free pereon of color in this Btate betwecen the age* of
eighteen and fifty shall be taxed annually the sum of fire
d>l'ars.
•no. 7. And-be-ii further enacted, That the sum of firs
dollars shall he levied upon all practitioners es Law er
Physle or Dentistry and Dagasrrean Artists.
Bec. 8. Arut be it fisriKer enacted, That each and overy
male cltlsen between the ages es twenty-one and sixty
years, shall be taxed annually hereafter, twenty-five cents.
Sac. ». And be it farther enacted, That the receiver of
lax returns In each county, shall receive all returns to him
en tbs oaliis of the porsons making them and at such val
uation as they may affix, and ts any peiton shall fall to
make a return, er to affix a valna, the receiver shall make
such valuation, aud assess the tax thereon frqm the best infor
mation In his power te obtain, and In cases where no return
ismude or no valuation made by the persons returning, he
shall assess a double tax. .
flno. 10. And be it further enacted, Thnt It shall be
the duty of the receiver to assess all real and personal es
tate not returned or not asseesed by the person returning
Hie same at the full market value.
Bno. 11. And be it further enacted, That the receiver
es tax retin ns shall require all persons to give in
eaoh and every tract or parcel of land, he or she
may own, specifying its location, quality, and the num
ber of acres, if known, aud the aggregate value, Includ
ing the value of the buildings, machinery, toll bridges or
ferric* on the same, a classification of the personal estate
subject to taxation, as defined in the second section of this
act, specifying the number of negro slaves and their aggre
gate value, and the aggregate of all ether chattels,
moneys, debts due nr to iiecome due solvent debtors in
whatsoever form, and each classification shall be entered in
neparate columns.
fine. I*. And be it further enacted, That the Receivers
of tax returns throughout the Btate shell administer to each
and every person giving in his or her taxable property,
the followiug oath, to wit: You do solemuly swear (or
affirm) as the case may be, that the account which
you now give In is n Just and true account of all
the taxable property which you were possessed ©f,
held or claimed on the first day of January last, or was in
terested in or entitled unte, either in your own right or in
the right of any other person or persons whatsoever, as
Parent, Guardian, Rxeuutor, Administrator, Agent, or Trus
tee, or any other manner whatever ; aud that It is not worth
more than the valuation you have affixed to it, te the beet
of your knowledge and belief—so help you God.
Seo. lit. And be it farther enacted, That it shall he the
duty of the several tax Receivers within this Htate te
take in all Uxables herein before enumerated, and
enter the same in his book or digest with the ap
praised value thereof, following the classification speci
fied iu the second and eleveuth sections of this act,
and return a copy of the same made out in air and legible
hand writing, to tho Comptroller General, and one to the
Clerk of the Inferior Court and one to the tax collector, on or
before the Ist day of July in each, year in which digest shall
be carefully made out, an abstract, stating each subject of
Taxation, the amount of aggregate value of each, the num
ber of acres of land, number of slaves, polls, free persons of
color, professions, dentists and deguarrean Artists.
Bee. 14. And ba it farther stunted, That wjien the
Comptroller General shall have received said digest,
he is hereby required to examine the same carefully,
to detect any error or errors therein contained, and
having corrected the tame, if any shall he found to
exist, he shall then foot up each column and asoertaln
the aggregate amount of each and all the dlgekt-, and report
the same to his Excellency the Governor, who with the as
sUtance of the Comptroller shall assess such a rate per ceit,
not exceeding 112th of one per cent, on the entire amount
as will raise an amount of revenue corresponding to the
wants of the State, and notify the several Tax Collectors
throughout the State of the rate per cent, so Imposed, and
tho amount to be colleted by him In each county.
She. 15. And be it f tether enacted, That the amount so
required to be assessed and collected, shall not exceed the
turn of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars
annually.
Seo. Id. And beii further enacted, That the amount of
tax to be paid annually to the State upon the amount of real
and personal estate taxable under this act, shall be 1 12th of
one per cent., which shall he levied and collected and
accounted for according to the existing law, together with
the i»oll tax and tax on practitioner* of law, medleine, free
negroes, dentists, and Daguerrean artists.
sec. 17. And hr ii further enactsit by the authority afbre
entity That It shall he the duty of the Comptroller Ge
neral, with the assistance of the Treasurer, after the re
turns of taxes have been made by the tat receivers of the
several counties in this Htate, to make an estimate of the
sum total of taxes which will be raised under this act ac
cording to the per cent, assessed, and if It should appear
that the sum total should exceed the amount of taxes re
quired by this aet to be raised; then the Comptroller Ge
neral shall iasuo Ids circular directing the tax collectors of
this Htate to make such deduction in an equal ratio upon
every thing taxed according to value, as will reduce the
sum total of tslxee, as nearly to the amount required by this
aet to be raised, os Is practicable. The Comptroller speci
fying the percent, deduction necessary to be made.
Heo. Is. And ba U fUi-ther enacted. That the tax re
ceivers and collectors shall fecvtva the same compensation
now allowed by law.
Bee. I*. And ba it farther enacted, That to net the
digests as provided for In the 7th section of the act of 1945,
for the receivers, the dofkult list shall be deducted, and for
the collectors the insolvent list shall be deducted from the
total amount of the digests, and that all taxes due and
payable under any of the provisions of this set, shall he
paid in gold or silver, or In the bills of specie pajing Hanks
of this Htate.
Seo, *O. And be it farther enacted, That the fourth
and fifth sections of an act passed tht Wd of February,
eighteen hundred and fifty, te levy and collect a tax far
each of the political year*, 1950 and 1951, and thereafter,
be, and the same are hereby continued in fall force end
effect, saving and excepting so tnuoh of the fourth section as
in tho following words, to wit: not being over sixty years
of age, or valueless from decrepitude or disease.
Sec. 21. And be it further enacted. That nothing In this
act shall be so construea as to relieve Ranks, Railroads, or •
ageneiea of F<>reign Banks from any special tax heretofore ,
assessed on them or any of them.
Hoc. TJ. be U further emuled. That all laws and
parUof law* militating against this aet, except such parts
of the tax acts now in force in this State, as may be ne
cessary to carry out this act, and which are declared In
full force, be, and the same are hereby repealed.
JAH. A. MERIWETHER,
Speaker of the lloil** of Representatives.
ANDREW J. MILLER,
President of the Senate,
Appmvtd, 9th January, 1952.
110 WHI.L COBB, Governor.
SUPPLEMENTARY TAX ACT.
AN ACT supplementary to an act, entiled an act to levy
and collect a tax for the political years 1552 and 1552, ap
proved January 9,1552.
SViorka*, by the fifteenth section of the above entitled
act to levy and collect a tax for the political years 1952 and
la»M, it is enucted that the sum of three hundred and sev
enty-five thousand dollar* shall be raised for the support of
the Government of this State for eaoh of said years; and
whereas, by the fourteenth section of said act, it has beou
further enacted, that to raise the said sura, for said political
years, not more than one-twelfth of ene per cent, shall be
obsessed on the actual value of all the property liable to
taxation under the provisions of the above entitled act;
and whereas, his Excellency, the Governor of this State, in
a special uestage made to the Hou«e of Representatives,
has expressed his donbte whether the said sum of three
hundred and seventy-five tiiousaad dollars, necessary for
the support of the government of this State for each of the
•aid political years 1852 and 1853, can be raised by the as
sessment of only one-twelfth of one per cent, on the estinia
ted value of the property subject to taxation under said
act, and hath recommended to the General Assembly, as a
precautionary measure, in case the said rate per cent, spe
cified in s*ud act shall not be sufficient to raise the said sura
for said poat.oal yearsl9s2 and 1858, to pass an aet eupple
plemenurv to said act Authoring him and the Comptrol
ll- ( S°!A ™ “? by Receivers of
.this State of the Digest of property subject to taxation un
der the previsions of said act, and the value of the same,
and upon the examination and footing un of said nicest it
•hall satisfactorily appear to them tiia? the“ ai d fTmof
three hundred and seventy five thousand dollars cannot
be raised by an assessment of one-twelfth or one per cent
on the value returned in said Digest, that they may be au
thorised aud empowered to inereaee the said rate per cent
•o much, and no further, as may be sufficient to raise the '
said sum of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dol
lars as aforesaid; now, therefore, for remedy whereor,
Secwojt Ist. Be it enacted by the Senate and Uouesqf \
JRepresenhUieea of the Slate of Georgia, in General Aj. i
eembly tnst, and it ia hereby enacted by the authority / '
the same, That if, upon the return by the several Tax Re
ceivers of tills Htate, of their respective Digests, contain- ;
ing the property subject to taxation, and its value, in pur- :
•uooce of the provisions as are contained in the said act en- I
titled an act to levy and collect a tax for the political years
1652 and 1553, it shall appear to his Excellency, the Gover
nor, and Comptroller General of this State, upon the exami
nation and frotiug up of the same, that the said sura of
three hundred and seventy-fire thousand dollar*, necessary
for the support of the Government of this State, for the
said political years, cannot be raised by an assessment of
one-twelfth of one per cent, on the aggregage value of all
the property as returned by said Digest, and subject to tax
ation, then, in such case, it shall and may be lawftil for his
Excellency, the Governor and Comptroller General of this
■State, and they are hereby authorized to increase the said
rate par cent, specified in said tax act, so much, and no
more or further, than will be sufficient to raise the said sum of
three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, necessary
for the support of the Government of this State for each of
the political years as aforesaid ; and thereupon forthwith
to issue an order to each of the tax collector* of this State,
requiring them, and each of them, to proceed and collect
and receive of and from each tax payer the amount of his
tax at and after the rate per oent. so'increased, and neces
sary for the purposes aforesaid.
J, Sec. 2. And hr Ufurthtr emaetoi by a,authority afnre
(KtW, Tint when the tix collector of any county .hull
hereafter ii.ue an execution for uxes in trrear, the same
.hall be directed to *U .nd sngulu- the Sheriffs and coo
•table, of this State, and shall be leried by either officer
•when the tar due doe. not exceed thirty dollar.; but
where tho Ui exceed, that .urn, the execution .hall be
levied by the Sheriff alone, and .aid officers shall be liable
to be proceeded against by rule in their rerpeetive court, a.
is prescribed by law in relation to other executions.
Sac. S. And it further enaetnt by a. authority a tbro
taid. That all law., or parta es law., militating against
this aet be, and the same are hereby repealed.
Approved January 21,1852.
AN ACT to require all Wife of personal property, to be ex
ecuted and prored in the game manner ax is now prescrib
ed by law, far the execution and proof of Derisea of real
estate.
Bio. 1. Br it marled by t/w Smote and Rouotof Repre-
UnMtet of the State y Georgia, <imtr*i JmmUy
; met, ami it U hereby enacted by the a other tty es the name.
That from and after the first day of June next. aU will* and
testament* of personal property shsß be In writing, and
signed by the party so willing and bequeathing the same, or
* by some other pereon in his presence, and by his express di
rections, and shall tie attested and *»ubsrribed in the pres
ence of the said by three or four credible witnesses
or else thyy slutil be utterly void and of no effect.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by Vie authority afire
an4d. That all laws aud part* of laws now of force in this
Bute, and applicable to the Revocation of devices of real es
tate, shall extend to Wills and testaments of personal pro
perty.
Htc. 3. A n/l be it further enacted by the authority afiyre
taidy That all laws and p*rta of laws now of force in this
Bute, prescribing the mode of proof of devises of real route,
are hereby extended to Will* and tee tarn cot* of personal
property.
Bkc. 4. And he it further enacted by the authority afore
act id, That this act shall not be construed to extend to nun
cupative wills.
Hsc. 0. Andba it further enacted by the authority/ aforc
aaid, That a* *oon ns this art shah be passed, it shall be the
duty of the Governor to cause the same to be published in
three or more es the public Gazettes of this htate, at least
once in every week until the fi-st day of June next, and that
all laws and parts of laws militating against the provisions j
of this set, be and the same are hereby repealed.
Approvod 21st January, 1852. fob C, wj 1
AN ACT to provide for the Education of the Poor.
Sktios 1. Be it enacted by the General Aaecmhly qt the
SUUe if Georgia, That eighteen hundred and thirty-three
shares of tbe capital stock of the Hank of the Htate of Geor
gia. eight hundred and ninety shares of the capital stock of
tbe Hank of Aflgitsia, and one hundred and eighty-six
shares of the capital stock of the Georgia Kail Hoad and
Hanking Company, all belonging to this Htate, be hereby
sat apart as a permanent fund for the education of the poor,
and th* said fund shall be increased by so many shares of
ths capital stock of either of said banks as can be pur
chased with the unexpended balance, if there be any in
the Treasury, of the thirty tnousand Dollars appropriated
t« defray the expenses of the £tate Convention of 1850,
aud with all the available asset* of th* Central Hank, after
the payment of it* debt?, and the Treasurer of the HUU* is
hereby required to make such purchase, in whole or ia part,
according to ;h« me ins at any time available therefor, and
the scrip of the blocks so bel* nging to the btate, and ia to
be purchased, shall be under the control and management
of the Treasurer for the purpose aforesaid.
Ekc. 2. The income of the permanent fund aforesaid shall
be divided yearly among tho*e counties which may have at
the Treasury of this Htate by the first of December, in each
year, list* of their poor children, in the manner hereinafter
pointed out, the division to be in proportion te the number
of Barnes on the respective lints and the quota of each
county, to be paid to the school comraiarioner's order under
the seal of his office. •
Hue. 3. Tho Ordinary of each county shall be ex officio
school eoninii*eion*r thereof, and shall take an oath and en
ter into an obligation as part of his official bond as ordinary,
lo discharge aU the duties of School Commissioner as pre
scribed by this act, and to faithfully apply all the money
which may *ome into his hands in that capacity: he shall
also be eatitled to retain a* a compensation for his service*
as sack commissioner, two aud one half per centum, upon
all such monies ai he may receive, and the aauie per cen
tum upon all such monies as he may pay out under the pro
vision* *f ths act. Provided, That no provision of the
foregoing act shad repeal or militate .-.gainst the provisions
of an act absented to the 24th December, 1847, prescribing
the mode of d.sbursing the Poor School fund, end the elec
tion of District Treasurers, entitled an act to amend an
aet to provide for the education of the Poor, so far at the
counties of Lumpkin and Rabun are concerned.
B*c. 4. And he it further enacted, That all the duties
Imposed by the provisions of this act upon the Ordinaries
of each county, shall, in the county of Chatham, be dis
charged by tie; Justices of the Inferior Court, and the said
Justices are hereby authorized to appoint one or more fit
and proper person, who shall act os School Commissioner
or Coirmwiloucrs for *nid county, and who shall discharge
the duties imposed by thi* act, upon the select commissioner,
under such regulations as the said Inferior Court may pre
scribe.
6bo. 6. And be it .further enacted, That the county of
Union be exempt from ihe provisions of this act, and that
the Poor School fund of said county, be disbursed under
the heretofore existing law. Provided, that said county is not
to be excluded fVorn the benefits of any fund raised under
thi* act.
Hue. (i. The duties of School commissioner in each county,
shall b* the following: he shall levy and cause to be col
lected by the Tax Collector of the county, such tax as may
be recommended by the Grand Jury of the first Superior
Court in each year, for the purpose of educating the poor,
and r>hall take charge of the same when collected. He
sliall, each year, between the first of September and the first
of November, make and keep in a book for that purpose,
a list of all such children In the county, between the ages of
eight and sixteen years, a.* he may deem unable from the
poverty oCthemselve* or parents, to procure & plain Eng
lish Education, without public assistance; ami to assist him
in making such lidt, he .shall appoint two person* iu each
Militia District to give him information respecting the poor
children thereof, which persons, shall take an oath, in wri
ting, before the Ordinary, to faithfully discharge the duties
of their appointment, and to return only such children as
in their opinion arc entitled to the benefit* of this act—he
shull, within the first week of November, each year, forward
one copy of said list for that year to the Treasurer of this
State, and shall by the first of December, iu each year, have
at the State Treasury, his order under the seal of his onice,
for the quota of his county, in the State dividend aforesaid,
—ho shall lay a copy of this list for the year next last, be
fore the Grand Jury of the first court in each year, and shall
also lay before them hia written estimate of what county tax
will be necessary to secure the tuition of all such children
a* may be entitled to be placed on the list for tho year then
prenentr—he shall pay teacher* of poor children in the fol
lowing manner, that is to say : ho shall keep on file every
such account for the tuition of children on the list for each
year as shall he rendered to him, on or before the 25th of
December, in that year, proven by the oath of the Teachers,
specifying the number of days each child was taught, not
exceeding the usual rates of such teachers, nor exceeding
such maximum as may tie established by the Ordinary in
each county ; and after the 25th of December, he shall pro
ceod to pay all such aocounts in full, if the funds in hand
he sufficient, or rateably, if insufficient, and always keeping
as a fund for the next year, any surplus which may he left.
Sec. 7. The Judges of the Superior Courts shall give this
act specially in charge to the grand juries of the first Courts
in each year, together with suggestions and argument*
upon the duty and policy of educating the poor. Provided,
that the returns of poor children in the counties, embraced
in the third and fifth sections of this act, shall he made un
der the oath and in the manner prescribed in tho sixth sec
tion; and ordinaries in said countie*, shall be entitled to re
tain their commissions on the State fund received, but not
on its disbursement.
Sec. 4. All laws and parts of laws at all conflicting with
this act are hereby repealed
JAS. A. MERIWETHER,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
ANDREW J. MILLER,
President of the Senate.
Approved, 22d January, 1K52.
IIOWCLL UOBB, Governor.
AN ACT for the relief of married women whose husbands
have deserted them.
Sac. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep
resentaHvee of the State if Georgia in General Assembly
convened, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of
the same, That In all eases where a married woman has
been deserted by her husband, and has, while so deserted,
by her exertions and those of her children, or otherwise ac
quired property of any kind, the same shall he exempt from
the payment of said husbands'* debts, and be vested in said
married woman, for her sole and separate use, not subject
to the debts, contracts or control of said husband.
Approved December 80,1851.
AN ACT to amend the net of eighteen hundred and thirty
eight, regulating the taking testimony in certain ca?*»s.
Site. 1. lie it enacted by the Senate and House of Jlep
resent*itire* rs the State of Georgia in General Assembly
met , and it is hereby nut deni by the authority of the
same. That in addition to the cnees already specified in the
act absented to twenty-eighth December, eighteen hundred
and thirty-eight, the party plaintnf or defendant, where he
has but a single witness to prove any particular point or
fact in his case, may take his testimony by commission ex
actly as in cases provided for by said act of eighteen hun
dred and thirty-eight, with the restrictions and limitations
theroin set forth.
Approved, January ft, 1852.
FIFTEEN DOLLARS REWARD.
TO ANAWAY from my premises in Burke county,
IV ©n the 26th January last, my Boy HENRY, lie
is about 5 feet 8 inches high, yellow complexion, about OS,
20 years of age, and weighs about 175 pounds, it is
likely he is lurking about or on the Savannah river, ÜBhe
has been a raft hand on said river. I will give sls for the
boy, delivered to me, or lodged in any safe jail so I can get
him. Or if said boy has a free pass, 1 will give the above
reward, for sufficient proof to convict the person for giving
said pass.
Any Information of said boy, addressed to Gerard Post
Office, will be thankfully received.
feS-wtf J. R. MOBLEY.
STOP THE VILLAIN.
RAXAWAY from the subscriber, on the sth mj,
inst., (after having knocked his young master
down with an axe, fracturing his skull considerably,
and leaving him, as he supposed, dead) a bright mu
latto (nearly white) Boy, about 21 years old, named HEN
RY, chunky built, about 5 feet 8 inches high, with light
sandy *r brown hair, rather coarse and bushy, and inclined
to curl a little, gray eyes, cheeks frequently flush, and is
much given to smoking; has on his left hand, just where
the forefinger leaves it, a large scar from a knife; his left
leg, also, has a large scar from a burn, the leader* of the
ham having been considerably drawn, so that the left leg
Is a little more crooked than the other. Both legs arc in
clined to knock-knee. He is of a lively turn, and can do a
little at dressing plank and putting up wcatherboarding,
and may attempt to pass himself as a carpenter, and will,
no doubt, try to pass as a white or free man, under the
hatne of MATHEWS. It is confidently hoped and believed
that the public, and especially every father, will take some
interest in apprehending and bringing to justice so daring
a villi an.
A liberal compensation will be given for his apprehen
sion and delivery in any jail so that 1 get him.
PITT S. MILNER.
Barnesviile, Feb. 16,1852. fe2o-6m
fcYfThe Tri-weekly Savannah Republican and Colum
bus Enquirer will please copy for two months. 1\ S. M.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
TYANAWAY from the Subscriber, the 15th of
I\ September, 1851, my Negro Man, IILARCLES. gO I
ITc is about 5 fret, 10 or 11 inches high, slim, well 'TI
made, and stands very erect. lie is about 15 years AjL
of age, moderately grey, and his completion extremely J
black. Supposed to weign about 165 iKV.mda, and his lan
guage much broken. 1 expect he is Charleston, S. C., or i
near by. He formerly had a wife and seven children in the j
neighborhood of Charleston.
1 will give the above reward for the apprehension and
confinement of said Boy in tome safe jail, if out of the State,
or Twenty-five Dollars if within the State.
Address, ISAAC D. SLATON,
felfi-2m Millstone, Georgia.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD^
KAY' A\Y A Y from me, on the 15th of March, my
■ Negro man SAM, Blacksmith by trade. He is TO
very dark complected, bad countenance, inclined to 'ML
stutter a little, weighs about 150 or 160 pounds, «JLjL
chunky built, about 5 feet sor 6 inches high, and about 80
years old. I expect he is trying to get to Virginia, where
he was raised. I will give the above reward to' any person
who will lodge him in anv jail so I can get him.
mh2o-1m JOHN ATTAWAY, Burke Co., Ga._
CARRIAGE MAKERS WANTED.
A GOOD BODY 51A Kllll and a good Carriage Trim •
mer can find constant employment and good wages,
by applying to BLINN A POYTHRESS,
mh2o-w3* I .a(1 range, Ga.
DISSOLUTION OF COPARTNERSHIP.
THK COPARTNERSHIP heretofore existing under
the firm of KERRS A MOPE, In this City, and of
KERBS, HOPE A CO., in New York, has been dissolved by
the death of ANDREW KERR, and by mutual consent of
the surviving partners. The business of the Copartnership |
will be settled by either of the subscribers, who will sign the i
nan* of the firm in liquidation. JOHN KERR,
JAMES HOPE,
JOHN HOPE,
Survivors.
tsr Notice is given, that debts due KERRS A HOPE,
unless paid, or satisfactorily arranged during the present
Spring, must necessarily, and without any exception, be
put in suit. mylT-dSAwSm
GLENDINNING & CO’S
MARBLE WORKS, Broad street, Augusta, Georgia, j
Where we have on hand and will continue to keep a
large stock es both Italian and American Marble, for
Monuments, Toombs, Head Stones, Ac., to which we res
pectfully call the attention of those wanting work in our
ine. We are now prepared to fill all orders at short no
tice, in as good style and as low as work of the same quality
can be furnished for from any establishment in the United
States. Plans and prices will be sent those who cannot call
and examine for themselves.
P. S.—Orders from the country executed with neatness
and dry patch. d 27
*1 000 REWARD.
IIINTF.R'S CELEBRATED SPECIFIC, for
CUf e of Gonorrhoea, Strictures, Gleet and Anala
- of the Organs of Generation.
yet diseoTcred fur the Above com
»£,!*" L ‘ the mo,t Mrtaln.
I trWion and pertnac.nt lure without rs-
Ito hujire.s.' 11 **’ <irmk * oapomro, or change of application
‘ ta^^w!*hout P wf C^'3r *’ arm 'oss. Gallons of it might be !
1 nvireit «o Suit n..-* l>oSli ' ! . wu ~ full directions arcomps
! jet- witho “‘ "•
is sold by appointment at No. 105
Range. Broad street. 183 Betealf
— • lrd-wTm
PHILIP A. MOISE
tfU(K•RTEII AND n» 11 i-n i«
* a
Jfo. 195 Broad .Sr**, Avffutta, Georgia
Has now on hand a very large St.*, 0 f the aW*’ article,
which are offered for «Uc at very low pries, aSdV£££
mod a ting terms.
cr Country Merchants, Physicians and Planters ar«
invicM to call and examine, before purchasing elsewhere*”
BiRGAMS, BiKCIMS. "
TIIE r.\DERKIG\ED are now selling off their Jteck
of GOODS, In Crawford viile and Hbermn%Vl&.,
win give bargains to all who call. They also offer thi.
RIAL IST ATE in each of the above V.lUgesfcr ££
Tbey offer, In E!burton, the weU known TAVERN LOT tor
merly owned by Sirs. Oliver. They also requeot all those
who are inda>ted to them, to call and settle immediately, or
they will find their notes and accounts in the hands of an
1852. PROSPECTUS 1852.
OF TH* *
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR
VOLUME X FOR 1852.
Dr. DiNEL LEE, D. BEDHOSD,
Kmtor. ! Asibtast Kditor.
TERMS.—ONE DOLLAR A TEAR IN ADVANCE.
Th* Sorrnntx CrL-nraTo* i« issued erery month,
and'is exclusively devoted to Afrrioniture, Horti
culture, Floriculture, Dome,tic and Farm Economy,
Tillage arid Husbandry, the Breeding and Kauuntr
of Domestic Animals, I'oultry and Bees, and the
genera! routine of Southern lisntin* and Farming.
Tiie new volume for 1852, will be issued on a royal
octavo sheet of 32 ptwes, with NEW TYPE, FIN f
PAPER, AND BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS!
it will contain a much greater amount of matter
than heretofore—will discuss a greater variety of
topics, and will be in every respect Tn* Barr Aom
cri.rrKAL Paj-eb is tub South ! and equal to any in
the Union!
Friends of Southern Agriculture!!
As the Cultivator was the Frasr journal established
in the Cotton Growing States, eiclnsively da rated
to the interests of the Planter; and as it has ever
been an earnest and consistent advocate of those
interests, we confidently hope that, having fostered
and sustained it thus tar, your cordial and generous
support will still be continued.
Planters, Fahv los, Gari>*n*h*, Fittit Growirs,
Stock Raisers, Nursebtmin, and all connected in
any way with *Le cultivation of the soil, will fiid the
Southern Cultivator replete with new and valua
ble information; and richly worth tea timet the
rilling snin at which it is aiTorded. .
TERMS CF THE CULTIVATOR:
ONE copy, one year, ::::::: $ 1.00
SIX copies, :::::::::: 8.00
TWELVE copies, :::::::: 10.00
TWENTY-FlVKcopics, :::::: $20.00
FI FTY copies, : : ; :::::: 87.30
ONE HUNDRED copies, 25.00
ALWAYS IN ADVANCE.
VST Gentlemen who obtain subscriptions, will
please forward them os early as possible.
1-zT All hills of specie payino Banks received at
par—and all money sent by mail will be at our
risic.
W. S. JONES, Publisher.
Angnnta, Ga., January 1, 1852.
THE REMEDY FOUND AT LABt7
TRILMI’HAKT SIW'ESS has attended the u*e of
that wonderful Ointment MARSHALL’S MAGICAL
PAIN ERADICATOR. Every body that ha* used It, speak*
well of it, and what “every body says must be true.”
Since the first of January last, upward* of 700 Oorttfl
cates have been received, testifying to the good eifocta and
Superiority of Marshall’s Magical Pain Eradicator.
In some very few instances thi* preparation has not given
entire satisfaction, but just look, for a moment, at the number
who have been benefitted. Seven hundred voluntary tes
timonials have been given, and certainly not le*« than five
times thfo number have experienced the good effecta of thie
Ointment, in the sain* space of time.
The public will pleaee bear in mind that this to a purely
Southern preparation, and to entitled to the patronage of
Southern people. Ab no charge is made, should bo be
nefit be received, give it a fair trial, and in ninety eases
out of a hundred the greatest success will be sure to follow.
For further particulars, and a number of certificates, you
are referred to the pamphlets, to be had at any of ths
Agencies.
The diseases which Marshall’s Eradicator will cure, are
Rheumatism, Acute and Chronic, Lumbago, Painful Nerves,
Scrofula, Spinal Affections, Dislocations, Sprains, (Edematous
Swellings, Tumors, Ganglions, Nodes, Wens, Bruises, Strains,
Weak Joiuu, Contracted Tendons, Head-Aehe, Gout, Palsy,
Tooth-Ach, Ac. For sale by
HAVILAND, RISLEY k Co., Augusta, Ga.
D. B. PLUMB A Co., da. do.
D’ANTIGNAC A BARRY. do. do.
BARRETT A CARTER. do. do.
WM. K. KITCHEN, do. do.
W. H. TUTT, do. do.
P. A. MOISE, do. do.
And by W. If .A J. TURPIN Proprietor*, do. do.
It is also for sale throughout the State, by the priaoipal
Druggists.
N. B. —Be careful to look for tfie written signature of J
E. Marshall on the wrapper of each box. None to genuin*
without it. o3fl
83TCIUN8! GUNS! GlN8!j0
On Mclntosh street , two doors from Georgia Railroad
Bank.
JUST RECEIVED, per steamer Africa, the largest
and bent assortment of ENGLISH GUNS ever offer
ed in thin city, comprising every variety, from London and
Birmingham makers, at the lowest rates for cash.
Double and Single Barrelled GUNS, all sires and price*.
A fine assortment of Single and Double Barrelled GUNB
for boys. •
RIFLES and Double GUNS, of my own make, one barrel
Rifle and the other Shot, a fine article for hunting deer and
Turkics.
Colfo*, Allen's, and other REVOLVERS; also Sligle bar
relled, Self Cocking and Rifle PISTOLS, cast steel barrels.
Common Pistol?, all kinds ; Percussion CAPS, of Wester
ly Richard’s, Cox’s water proof, Walker’s and G. D. French,
and Military Cape.
A great variety of Powder FLASKS, Shot BELTS, and
Game BAGS, of the finest Patterns.
Also, Wash Rods, Drinking' Flasks and Cups, Nipple
Wrenches, Pocket Compasses, Screw Drivers, fine large
hunting Horns, and everything in the Sporting line.
Being a practical Gun Maker myself, and having these
guns made to my order, expressly for this market, persons
buying will get a much better articles than to sold at tho Hard
ware Stores, and at equally low prices, and all warrant
ed to shoot well.
Powder and Shot, Wholesale and Retail, all varieties.
N. B.—RIFLES made to order, and all kinds of Repair
ing and re-stocking GUNS, done in the be«t manner and
warranted. 010-ly E. H. ROQERS.
REUBEN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE VENT WA
TER WHEEL.
CAUTION.— Having been informed that a certain per
son named Kekd, is vending a Water Wheel upon
which the water is conducted by means of a spirial scroll, as
upon Reuben Rich's “Patent Centre Vent,” we hereby notify
ar.d caution the public, that we will prosecute, in all In-
Btunees, for any evasion or infringement upon said patent,
both .he maker and party using, and will be thankful for
any information referring us to parties thus trespassing.
GINDUAT A CO.
Montgomery, Ala., June It, 1850. je2l-tf
A GOOD CHANCE FOR A YOUNG PHYSI
CIAN.
A PHYSICIAN wishing to relinquish the Practice, on
account of*ill health, will dispose of his Loeation a
great bargain.
There are five acres of Ground, Dwelling Ilouse, Office
and Shop, Kitchen, Smoke-house, Carriage-house, Btable,
Negro House, Ac., Ac.
A Rail Road Agency is attached, which pays from ene
hundred and fifty to two hundred dollars per annum, be
sides a free ride on the Western and Atlantic and Georgia
Rail Roads. The buildings are new.
The practice is worth from $1,200 to $1,500 per annum.
For full particulars enquire of J. J. PEARCE, Esq., Com
mission Merchant, Auctibta, either personally or by letter.
Price of the above $1,500. fe24-wlm*
THE MONTGOMERY MANUFACTURING COM
PAN V S IRON WORKS.
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA.
MANUFACTURE, in superior style, noriaontal and
Upright STEAM ENGINES, of all store; Steam
BOILERS; LOCOMOTIVES; Cast Iron WATER WHEELS;
Sugar MILLS ; Saw and Grist Mill IRONB, of every varie
ty, (including Hoxie's continuous feet for Saw Mills;) En
gine and Hand LATHES; Iron and Brass CASTINGS, of all
kinds, Ac., Ac.
AU orders filled with despatch.
ap22 GINDRAT A CO.
IMPORTANT TO HILL OWNERS AND HAND
EACTURKKS.
Unrivalled Improvement in Water Wheels.
Til 15 SUBSCRIBERS are sole agents for making and
vending the best Water Wheel in the world, known as
Vandewaters Water Wheel. We challenge the World to
produce it* equal. It has but recently been introduced to
the public, and found to be far in advance of all ether
wheels, both in power and economy in water, every drop be
ing effective, and none wasted. This Wheel is not in the
least affected by back water. As we prefer them being
placed below tail water in every instance, consequently we
get every inch of head; they being entirely of cast iron,
simple of construction, are not liable to get out of erder,
and are more durable than any wheel now ia use. We
have recently put one in operation for George Schley,
Esq., at his Belville cotton factory, to whom we would give
reference. See certificate annexed.
All orders for Wheels or Territorial Rights, will meet with
attention by addressing the subscribers.
JAGGER, TREADWELL A PERRY.
Albany, New York.
Or to their Agent, J. J. Kibpk, Augusta.
[OBRTirrCATB.]
Augusta, Ga., March 24,1851.
Jaeger. Treadwell A Perry—Gentlemen : —I have the
gratification of informing you that your Vandewater Wheel
was successfully put in operation at my factory last week,
and it worked to perfection. Its simplicity, durability, and
uniformity of speed, are recommendations alone ; but above
all, its highest encomium is the small quantity of water it
takes as compared with other wheels. I have been using
one of Reuben Rich's Centre Vent Wheels, es three feet
and a half diameter, and eleven inch bucket, the diecharge
openings measuring 400 inches. I displaced that and put
in one of yours of six feet diameter, with discharge open
ings measuring 270 inches, and your -wheel run the same
amount of machinery that the Rich Wheel had driven, and
there was a difference in favor of your* of eight inches in
the depth of water in the tail race. 1 feel no hesitation in
recommending your wheel to all manufacturers and mill
owners, believing il is the greatest wheel of the age. Wish
ing you success in the introducton of so valuable an im
provement, 1 main.Jvery respectfully, yonre. As.
mh26-wly GEORGE SCHLEY.
COSBY’S ANTI-DYSPEPTIC BITTERS.
T)ERHAPS there is nothing more calculated to disgust
I the public eye than the innumerable advertisements of
the nostrums that are constantly appearing in the public
prints. All are ready to exclaim, Our souls are eick, our
ears are pained with every days reports of ills and speci
fics. This state of the public mind would eeem to forbid any
person of delicate mind from lending forth any new dis
coveries in medicine to the trial of the public: still motives
of delicacy should not prevent us from making known real
discoveries, which we are confident will benefit our fellow
men. This latter consideration has prompted the author of
these Bitters to make them known. He knows they are
highly efficacious, for he himself, his wife, and many friends
have given them a thorowgh trial. He was, for many years,
a confirmed dyspeptic—so much so that even his recollec
tion was gone, but by the use of these Bitters he has been
restored to perfect health. This has been the case with
many of his friends. The proprietor, in sending forth this
advertisement, addresses those who know him. He has
been, for many years, a resident of Augusta, but at this
time of Hamburg, 8. C., at which place he can, at any time,
be consulted about the Bitters. They good in all cases
of diseases of the digestive organs, the symptoms of which
are, indigestion, pain or oppression in the stomach from
food, loss of appetite, flatulency, heart-bum, giddiness in
the head, pain in the side, shortness of breath, lassitude,
general weakness, disturbed sleep, Ac. The composition is
entirely Botanical, and has proved efficacioua, where many
celebrated medicines had failed; in support of which he
could give reference to a number of person*, who have
made a trial of it, but deems it unnecessary, as he is willing
to place it on its own merits. All he asks is for those who
arc afflicted with dyspepsia to give it a trial.
The above Bitters can be had at O. COSBY’S Hamburg,
S. C., and at Dr. WM. 11. TUTT'S Drug Store, Broad street,
Augusta. f*29
Ki\ DOLLARS REWARD will be paid tor the re-
OU covery of a package of MONEY lost or stolen from
me en Friday evening, tie 20th inst., at the Djpuble Wells,
Warrvn coanty, Georgia. Said package eontained SG7S 25,
all on the Brunswick Bank, in bills of s’s, 10’s and 20’§, poe
aib’.j one 50. Also, bill of sale of twenty odd bales of Cot
ten. and bill for Groceries, beught of Buford, Beall A 00. *
Aiuress B. W..FORTSON,
fc£s-w5 Pistol Creek, Wilkes Co., Ga.
IMPORTANT to manufacturers.
TIIE WBSCIUBERS are prepared to supply all
kinds of
COTTON AND WOOLEN MACHINERY,
of a superior nuality, SHAFTING and MILL GEARING,
with improved Coupling and Pulleys, Self-Oiling Hanger*
(which require oiling only once in three months); LOOMS,
of a great variety of Patterns, for Fancy anti Twilled Goods,
from One to Eighteen Shuttles; also, for Plain Goods, capa
ble of running from 150 tc 170 picks per minute.
Thev ar£ enabled, from their extensive improvements, to
produce YARNS and GOODS, with comparatively little
labor; and ail Manufacturers, before purchasing their Ma
chinery, will do well to visit Philadelphia and vicinity,
where they can see the Machinery with all the latest im
provements, in full and successful operation; or they can
be referred to Factories in almcat every State South and
West, by addressing a line to the Subscribers.
ALFRED JENKS A SON,
Feb. 1852. felft-ly Brideeburg, near Philadelphia.
N. B. Plans of Factories, with the location of Machinery,
the simplest method of driving, and calculation of speed,
furnished free of charge. wly
AUGUSTA FRENCH BURR MILL STOKE MANU
FACTORY.
THE subscriber, thankful for the kind patronage heretofore
extended to the late firm of Schirmkr A Wkjaxd, would
respectfully inform his friends and the public, that he contin
ues to execute orders for his well known Warranted French
BURR MILL STONES, of every desirable tire, at the lowest
price and shortest notice. He also furnishes
ESOPUS and COLOGNE STONES,
SMUT MACHINES, of various patterns,
BOLTING CLOTHS, of the best brand,
CEMENT, for Mill use.
And every other article necessary in a MID.
Also, for Planters, small GRIST MILLS to attach to Gin
Gears. ,
All orders promptly attended to.
WM. R. SCHTRMER,
ja!B wtf Surviving partner of Schirmer A Wlgand.
FIR 4ALE—I Two Horse WAGON andHARNBB;
1 CARRY LOG, in good order.
mb9-dAwtf ESTES A RICHMOND.
T 1MB! LIMB!—200 bbls. fresh Thomaeton LlME,just
AJ received, and for sale by
i ESTES ft KICHMOMX
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, 1852.
WEEKLY
CfIBONICIEi. SENTINEL
POETRY.
THE WRECKED.
Night o’er the stormy sea,
Her dusky wing unfurls:
The tempest’s revelry
The st«ut ship wildly whirls;
And cloud’s like goblin grim
Frown round those gallant men—
Hope’s light i* growing dim
Ne’er to revive again
The lightning fiercely leaps
From sky w sea of tire.
The wrathful thunder sweeps
Its wierd and giant lyre—
The streaming sail* are rent.
The masts now groan, now ftoll—
Darkness to fitly sent,
The wrecked ship’s funeral pall f
The waves are dashing higher—
The faithful plank to broken ;
One flash—their bark, their pyre—
Few farewell words are spoken —
Sea monsters wistfully,
Await their death doomed prey—
Their ship, the sea, the sky,
All blazing fade away !
God save those valiant hearts!
Sunk in tbe treacherous waves.
Their gasping breath departs,
And nameless are their graves*
The wailing winds their dirge,
• Are hymning mournfully ;
The bounding biDewi) surge
Their requiem must be 1
Morn from that drear, dark night,
Wakes radiant and fair.
Wide streams her rosy light—
Nor storm, nor ship is there;
No ripple marks the spot
Where men so madly strov&-~
Her death fraught rage forgot
AU nature smiles with love 1
So many a mariner
On Passion's sea is tossed ;
An.l in the stormy stir,
Now itrugglas—now is lost;
But life whirls gaily on,
Unmindful of his fate—
Not all the bad are gone—
Not all the good are great!
Mobile Register.
From the Eagle and Enquirer.
HY BRYSAIL.
BY L. VIRGINIA SMITH.
,4 The peasantry of Arranmore are still persuaded that in
a clear day they can see from their coast liy Brysail, or the
Enchanted Island.”
Stranger, come, for the noontide glow
Burns o’er the deep sea’s shining flow,
Tbe bright blue waves of the summer time
Break on the rocks with a dreamy chiinc.
And the white-winged sea-bird glances by
Like a pale shot-star in a golden sky ;
Dost see o’er the billows rise the while
The ocean-gem—the Enchanted Isle f
Soft it sleeps in the emerald seas,
LuUed by the lute of the singing breeze,
Veiled with the rainbow’s mantling bloom,
Fanned by the spice gale's rich perfume;
Sweet it slumbers, like Beauty’s Queen,
Brightly shrined in tbe silken sheen
Os her royal couch; —aud a sunny smile
Lights up the dreams of that Fairy Isle.
When the rich red gold of morning lies
On its whispering woods, and it* tinted sldee,
Fweet songs swell up from the silver streams,
And the air is iaden with musie dreams,
Like flute-toned voices that echoed free
In the days of our early infancy,
When the hearts now dark with woe and guile,
Were pure and glad, as that sun-bright Isle.
When Night steals up from her caverns lone,
And binds the sky with her starry zone,
Our seers have marked o’er the far blue tida
A flame-plumed crest, on the biliowsride;
And oft, they say, from the shell beach floats,
A fairy fleet in their lotus boats, —
And wandering spirits those syrens wile
To the pearl-strewn shores of their jewel Is la
And there they tell us, the sylphs of air
Have deigned to dwell in the grottos fair,
They wander far through the moon light bowers.
And slumbered deep in the folded flowers ;
They dance aloft till their gleaming wings
Like rainbows hang o’er the sparkling springs,
Or circling sweep in a glittering file,
The fairy guards of that Elfin Isle,- 5
* No note of sorrow, of care, or woe,
Breaks on the bright hourslapsing flow;— *
The flame-glance flashing from anger’s cloud.
Wild passion-waves in their tossings proud,—
The serpent thought from its dismal lair
Di a sin-stained heart, may not entsr there— *
And blest is he whom the fates exile,
From this dark shore, to that Eden Isle 1
The Origin Os Coin*.
The rare beauty of the .World’s Fair medals, one
of which wc inspected last week, suggested a train
of reflection on the history of medals and coins,
and the means of coining, which it may be worth
while, perhaps, to lay before our readers.
In the early «fgcs of mankind, all traffic, as is well
known, was conducted by means of bartor. Tho
heardsman exchanged his cattle for goods, or the
merchant his goods for food to eat. But such a
rude eondition of affairs could not, it is clear, con
tinue long; and the necessities of mankind, there
fore, l.d to the substitution of the medium of ex
change, or representative of value. The precious
metals, from their intrinsic worth as well as their
portable character, naturally suggested themselves
for this purpose. At first, however, they were
n.ed in simple bars, without even stnrnp or coinage,
and were, in such cases, necessarily weighed and
often assayed, at every transfer.—-But this being
found inconvenient, the expedient was hit upon of
authenticating the weight and standard by a mark.
Afterwards, that the needs of commerce might
still further be consulted, tho bars were made of
various sizes. In the end, still further to impress
tbe character of a legalized currency on the gold,
silver, bronze, or copper employed, appropriate
shapes, differing from those of the simple bar, were
selected, the circular form ofthe present coin be
ing that most generally adopted.
It was not always, however, that money was
made round. Oar British ancestors prior to the
invasion by Jnlius Ctesar, employed rings, some
times single, but oftener made into e chain, for
currency. Large quantities of this species of coin
have been dug up m England, Ireland, Wales and
Scotland. The smallest piece of money of this
description, which has yet been discovered, is a
gold ring weighing half's pennyweight. But oth
ers containing three times this weight, or five, ton,
sixteen, or twenty-two times the weight, up to the
weight of a pound troy, have also been discovered
—thus proving that tho rings were not intended
for ornaments, but for currency. Sven among the
Romans circular coins were not used until the timo
of Scrvius Tullius, and in Great Britain, they
were not employed till some time after the con
quest by Csesar. Os all ancient nations, the
Greeks produced the most beautiful coins—-those
of the Romans not being particularly elegant till a
late period in thoir history. The method of stamp
ing the piece of money was simple. Usually the
blow which gave the impress, w»s struck by a ham
mer j and, at first, the dio was cut in tho face of
th. instrument itself. So late as two centuries
ago, tho coining of money, even Jin England, was
conducted in a comparatively rude manner; and
many Spanish quarters yet in circulation, bear
decisive evidence of uncouth coining.
Even st this dsy, tho coined money of Enron*
generally is disgraceful to art, and is frequently
basely alloyed. The exceptions are the gold and
silver pieces of England, France, Belgium and
Prnssia. Our own coins arc not so good as they
might be, a fact which any person may verify by
comparing them with well-executed medals—that
struck.in honor of Mr. Clay, orthose issued st the
World's Fair, for instance. Some of the finest
coins and medals ever executed were those issued
by the Emperor Napoleon. Generally, however,
the European coins are as much inferior to those
of tiie United States as those latter are to the coins
of England or Franco. The worst executed ooins,
among civilized nations, are those of Mexico and
the South American States generally.
A word more, and we shall have ‘coined ’ enongh,
at least for one reading, on ooins snd coining.—
Money is a word, we are told by Chambers, de
rived from the temple of Jupiter* Montta, where a
metalic currency was first struck by the ancients.
Cash comes from the French word'caiwe, a coffer
or ehest in which money is kept. And pecuniary
is derived from pecus, the Latin for a flock or herd
of animals, these being, in the earlier ages, the
equivalents for money.— Philadelphia Bulletin.
Post Office Establishment. —The first mail route
on this side of the Atlantic was put in operation
by the colony of New York, Governor Lovelace
having established, in 1672, “a post to go monthly
between Now York city and Boston and back.”
The colony of Massachusetts created the first post
office, the General Court having, in 1677, appointed
John Hayward, “the scrivener," at Boston, ‘‘to take
in letter* and convey them according to their direc
tion.” In 1711, the mail* ran between Boston and
Maine once a week, and once a fortnight from the
former place to Connecticut and New York. In
1717, there was a weekly route from Boston as far
South as Williamsburg, Virginia, and in 1727, a
fortnight one between Philadelphia and Annapolis.
Sixty-three years later, in 1790, “the post roads
in the United States did not exceed in length one
thousand miles, consisting of a long zix zag route
from Wiscaseet in Maine, via the principal towns
on the Atlantic seaboard, to Savannah, in Georgia,
with a few connecting cross-posts, on no portion of
which waa the mail conveyed oftener than tri-week
ly, and on a part of it but once a fortnight. The
entire annual cost of the service was $22,?02. The
number of post offiees was seventy-five, and their
gross yield $37,895 per annum.
At the period referred to, there were bnt ten of
fices yielding a revenue ot over SI,OOO per annum,
viz: Philadelphia, New York, Boston. Baltimore,
Richmond, Petersburg, Alexandria, Fredericks
burgh, Norfolk and Charleston. The amazing ra
pidity with which the post office system haa ad
vanced to its present state, is shown by the fact
that in 1551, or only about sixty years subsequent
to the date last mentioned, the’length of routes in
operation was 190,290 miles, tl e annual cost oftrans
portation thereon, $8.421,744; the revenue of the
Department, $6,785,498 ; and the number of offi
cers. $19,604 The Department has on its regis
ters over 6,000 mail routes and nearly as many
mail contractors.
Only twenty-five years ago the boot of a single
coach sufficed for any mail leaving our principal
cities. Now, at New York, Washington, and
other of our commercial town*, they amount t*
several tons each day.
The steamer Eclipse, said to be the largest vessel
of the kind in the world, is to leave Louisville on
the 23d for New Orleans. She is 353 feet long, 75
feet wide, and has splendid accommodations for
200 passengers.
The New Orleans papers announce the arrival
there of a fine new barque of 850 tons burthen,
which was built at Cincinnati. She was towed
down the Ohio and Mississippi, and after being
fitted for sea at New Orleans, will take a cargo to
Salem. Mass., where her owners preside.
Six steamers left the port of New York on Satur
day for their several regular destinations, viz: the
Arctic, for Liverpool; El Dorado, for Chagres ;
Daniel Webster, forSan Juan; Alabama, for Sa
vannah ; Marlon, for Charleston ; and Roanoke,
for Norfolk and Richmond.
Under the recent new mail arranrement, travel
lers who leave Washington at 4 P. M., are convey
ed to Boaton in twenty five hours.
A. New York paper tell* a pood thing of the late
Margaret Fuller as follows. We produce it as a
hint which maybe serviceable elsewhere:
She was at a* concert of our Philharmonic, upon
one occasion, and with apart; had gone early and
got a good scat. A delicious symphony of Beetho
ven was commenced when a young lady accompa
nied bv two gentleman, who 'sat immediately be
hind Miss Fuller’s party, began whispering and
kept up an incessant buzzing, destroying every
neighbor’s enjoyment throughout the piece. After
all was over, Margaret leaned across one seat, and
catching the eye ot this girl, who was pretty and
well dressed, said, in her blandest gentle voice,
“May I speak with yon one moment F’ “Certain
ly,” said the young lady with a flattered, pleaacd
look, bending forward. “1 oniy wish to say,”
said Margaret, “that I tmat that, in the whole'of
yoor life, yon will not suffer so great a degree of
annoyance as yon have inflicted upon a large party
Os lover* of music this evening.
MISCELLANY.
THE FIVE FRANC-PIECE.
rr.oji th* ntxacn.
It was past midnight, and the bride had been
long in her bridal chamber, when the bridegroom
escaped from his friends, and fonnd his way to a
private stair-case, where a confidential maid await
ed his coming, in * corridor near the door which
was to open for him alone.
“Go in," said Dorine, in a low whisper; “my
ladv is waiting for you.”
The husband of an hour tapped at the door,
opened it, and threw himself at the feet of a young
and beautiful woman. She was seated before a
ehcerfiil fire, in the elegant undress of a rich wi
dow, to whom a su-cohd marriage had given rise to
new hopes and fears.
“I beg you will rise,” said she, giving him her
hand.
“No, no, mv dear n/adam,” said the young man,
grasping firmly her extended hand, and carrying
it to his lips—“no, let me remain at your foet, ana
do not, do not withdrew this little hand, for I fear
you will vanish and leave me; Ifear it isalladream;
it appear, to me I .m the hero of . fairy tale, .uch
as I remember in my ohildhood, ana that at the
moment of possessing all in the world 1 wish to pos
sess, the doceitful fairv will fly aw.v with my hap
piness, to laugh with her companions at my regret
and despair.”
“Banish your fears, my dear Frederick; yestor
dqy 1 was the widow of lord Melville; to-day lam
Madame de la Tour, yonr wife; dismiss from your
imagination this fairy image of your childhood, for
there is no fairy tale to relate, but a true story.”
Frederick de’la Tour had every reason to believe
that a supernatural being had taken his fortunes
into keeping; for, daring the last month, either by
accident, chaueo or destiny, an inexplicable success
had made him rich and happy beyond his most
sanguine wishes. He was voting, not more than
twenty-five, alone in tho world, and living with the
most self-denying and rigid economy, when, one
day, as he was walking in the street of St. Honore,
a splendid equipage was suddenly drawn up op
•posito to him, and a lovely woman, leaning out of
the eoach-window, and seemingly much agitated,
called out to him—
“ Mr. , Mr. .”
He stopped.
The footman descended from his station, opened
tho door, let down the steps, and, with his plumed
hat in hand, respectfully invited the astonished
Frederick to enter the carriage. He did so, and
thu., us if by magic, beheld himself seated by a
woman both youngund beautiful,and dressod with
great elegance aud richness. Ho had hardly time
to look arouud him, before tho horses were again
at full speed. •
“My dear sir,” said the lady, who was thns run
ning away with him, and in "the sweetest tone ot
voice imaginable, “I have received your note, but,
notwithstanding yonr refusal, I hope I shall see
you again at my little mree to-morrow evening.”
“Me 1 madame,” said F’redcriek.
“Yes, you, sir ! Oh 1 I beg a thousand pardons ;
I hope you will forgive me tho mistake I have
made,” said the lady, with an appearance of much
surprise, “but yon resemble so perfectly one of my
most intimate friends, that I mistook vou for him.
Oh ! excuse mo sir; what must yon think ot me?
But the likeness is so striking—it would have de
ceived any person.”
By the time this explanation was at an end, the*
equipage entered the c.ourt-yard of a splendid man
sion, aud Frederick could do less than hand Lady
Mcl 'illo from the earrage.
Now, mv Lady Melville, as we have said before,
was beautiful, and did not at all resemble those
sallow-visaged, heavy stepping, immense English
women, who, whon they smile, open affectedly
their pale lips, and show you two rows of frightful
ly-ycflow teeth. No, she was a French woman;
her lustrous black hair contrasted well with her
brilliant complexion, and her coral lips, as sho
smiled sweetly, permitted an occasional glimpse of
the whitest teeth in the world.
Frederick de la Tour, dazzled, as well he might
be, by so many charms, had no difficulty in be
lieving that Lady Melvillo had mistaken him for
some less happy mortal, and he thankefi his stars
for it, as the error enabled him to, become favora
bly known to my lady, whose obliging and very
flattering invitations" he eagerly accopted—and,
strange to tell, soon became not only a marked fa
vorite, but among her most constant and welcome
gueßts. Tho rich widow was surrounded by suitors
for the honor of her hand, who wore dismissed one
by one; and it was somehow so brought about,
that, bofore the end of a short month, the young
clerk had an interview by her ladyship’s own ap
pointment—marriage was proposed by her, and of
course accopted by him, in a delirium of love and
astonishment.
The bewildered young gentleman stood before
the small looking-glass in his modestly-furnished
attic, and surveyod himself from head to foot. He
was by no'means an ugly man, bathe could not
consider himself particularly hadsoine; his dress
was suoh as became a clerk, with a salary of as
many hundred francs per annum as there are
mouths in the year; and, having a prais.worthy
aversiou to running in debt, he could not, there
fore, attribute his good fortuno to his tailor. lie
made up his mind that he must be loved for him
self alone, and his early novel-reading favored this
romantic conclusion; but, being naturally of a
modest turn of mind, this solution, on second
thoughts, appeared improbable, and he then de
termined that Lady Melville must be laboring un
der some strange and unnatural delusion.
When tho wedding-day arrived, and tho future
husband listened to the filter, or rather golden
tones of the notary’s voice, his astonishment re
doubled. lie would have (so said the marrisge
co»tract) a country-scat in Burgundy, a domain iu
Normandy, in tho street Saint Honore, in
Paris, and numerous other goods and chattels, of
which, until that day, ho had nover heard a sylla
ble. Lady Melville had riches across the channel,
also coal mines in Wales, and grazing lands in De
vonshire. It was to the yonng man n golden dream
from which he dreaded to awake. The Mayor hod
sanctioned and the priest had solemnly blessed their
union, vet, with the rites of tho Church ond the
ferms of law to aid his reason, the conviction that
it was all bnt a splendid and unsubstantial vision
would not leavo him, even at the feet of his lawful
wifo in the bridal chamber —he pressed her hand to
his lips, ho grasped convulsively the embroidered
night-dress, in his fear that she might suddenly
vanish into the air.
“Rise, my dear Frederick,” agnin'said his wife,
“draw that casy-chair close to mine, and let me
talk to yon.”
The young man did so, bnt without releasing the
hand ot his wife, and Madame do la Tour began
thns .
“Thoro was, once upon a time—”
“Good Heavens!” said Frederick “I am not
wrong, then; it is—it is a fairy talc 1”
“Listen, my good sir—there lived once a young
girl, whose family had been rich, but, when their
only daughter was but fifteen, they had no other
means of subsistence than the the daily earnings of
her father. They lived at Lyons, and’l know not
what vain hope of bettering their condition induced
their removal to Paris. But some men, whon thoy
have onco fallen, never rise again, and indeed few
things arc found more difficult of attainment than
retrieving our fallen fortunes, again filling our
place in society, and moving in the cherished cir
cle wo hove been obliged to relinquish.
.“The father of this poor girl experienced this,
to him, insurmountable difficulty; for, after strug
gling during four long years with poverty and ne
glect, he died in a hospital. Her mother’s death
soqn followed, and the young girl was left alone in
a cheerless garret, a long arrear of rent unpaid,
with the chilling presence of two miserable, unto
nanted beds to increase her feelings of grief and
desolation. If there were to be a fairy in my sto
ry, she should, without doubt, now present herself;
but there was r.ot a glimpse, not a shadow of one.
The young girl was unknown in Paris, without
money, with noither friend nor protector to sustain
and cherish her, and sho hsked in vain from stran
gers that employment which makes tho riches of
the poor. Guilty pleasure, it is true, extended its
amis to allure hor; bnt tiiore are minds sd formed
as instinctively to love virtu* and to abhor vice,
and hers was happily of this stamp—but she must
eat, and the hunger of tho first day was increased
by a sleepless night, bringing a second day without
food.
“Yon, Frederick, have just risen from a table
profusedly covered with the most tempting luxu
ries, sparkling wines, the rarest fruits, everything
to gratify the fastidious appetite, and, although un
til yesterday poor, yon can have no conception of
the deep misery lam describing. In the midst of
the magnificence around us, and seated,|as wo now
are, in these ample chairs, embroidered with silk
and gold, you may be astonished that I can conjure
up such a scene; but, litten ttiU.
“Hunger compelled this poor girl to beg for a crust
of bread. She shrouded her head in a veil, once
her mother’s, and her only inheritance; she bent
her body, that she might appear old and infirm,
and went down from her garret into the street—
there she extended her suppliant hand. Alas ! the
hand waa white and delicately formed, and there
would be danger in allowing it to be seen; she
bound the veil around it, aa if to hide a loathsome
object. She took hor stand near the entranco of
the court-yard, far distant from the light of the
street-lamps, snd when there passed a young and
happy girl, (alas! far happier than herself,) she
held out her hand, asking a ton, —one sou, to buy
bread—but at evening, young girls in l’aris are
tlmiking of othor things than giving away tout. If
she saw an old man approach, she ventured to im
plore his aid ; but age is hard-hearted and miserly
and the old man would turn away and pass on.
The evening had been chilly, rain began to fell, it
was growing late, and the’ night-watchmen were
going their rounds, when the young girl, ready to
faint with hunger and disappointment, held out
her hand once more. It was to a young man, who
stopped, and drew from his pocket a piece of mo
ney. which he dropped in her hand, as if afraid of
the contact of so much misery.
*|“A policeman, who, no doubt, had been watching
the poor girl, suddenly appeared, and seizing her
rudely by the arm, exclaimed—‘Ah! I have caught
you at last; ao, you are begging in the street; to
the station-house, old when" The young man
immediately interfered, taking her part with the
greatest warmth—he drew within his the arm of
the beggar, whose hand lie had a moment before
feared would soil his gloved fingers, saying to the
policeman as he did it—‘The woman is no beggar;
yon are mistaken; I know all about her.’ But,
sir,’ said the enforcer of the law against street
begging, ‘I saw her hold out her hand to you, and
—’ ‘I tell you,’ said the young man, steadily, ‘I
know her, and shall protect her. My good woman,’
said he, whispering m the ear of the young girl,
whom he supposed old and ngly, ‘tak’e this fitt
franc piece , and let me lead you to the next street,
that yon may get away from this fellow, who will*
continue to watch you!’ The five-franc piece
slipped from your hand into mine, and as we pass
ed under a lamp, which until then I had taken care
to avoid, I taw your fact!"
“J fy facer' exclaimed Frederick.
“Ye*, my dear Frederick, your face. It was
you who thus preserved my honor and mv life;
you gave five francsin chanty to Lady Mell'ville
to your future wife.”
“ You !” said Frederick, “you—young, beautiful
and rich—you a beggar!”
“Yes,” said Madame de la Tour, “once I was in
debted to charity, once only, and it was to you.
ThemomiDg »ucceeding this'day of miserv, which
I now look upon as the most fortunate one of mv
life, a kind-hearted concierge took pitv on me, land
she has had cause to bless the hour sfic did so,?and
found me a plaee as seamstress in the establish
ment of a rich nobieman. My cheerfulness and
good looks returned with my abilitv to support my
self, and, although my unhappy pa'renta were sin
cerely regretted, time, which accomplishes all
things, gradually soothed my grief, and Ifortunate
ly became a favorite with the respectable house
keeper.
“One day, Lord Mellville came into my little
room, »s I was at work, and seated himself by my
ride. He was not fitr from sixty-five, tall, thin, of
a severe expression of countenance, and his ordi
nary manner was haughty, cold and reserved.
“‘Y’oung woman,’ arid he, ‘I know the story
of your life; will you many me F
“ ‘Marry you!’ I exclaimed. ‘Your lordship is
“‘T never jest,’ said his lordship. ‘I ask again
will you marry me I lam rich, and am determined
my wealth shall not go to unworthy nephewa, who
would bury me to-morrow if they could. I am a
martyr to the gout, and would rather be nursed by
a wife than by mercenary servants. If lam to be
lieve what I near in your fhvor, you posse** eleva
tion ot mind yul correct principle*—it is in yoor
power to become Lady MallviUe, and to prove to
the world that yon are as fitted for admiration in
prosperitv as yon have been praiseworthy in strug
gling with adversity.’
“I loved you,” confined the bride, “and although
I had seen you but for a moment, 1 could not ban
ish your image, and something whispered to mo
from the inmost recess of my heart that our lives
were to be passed together.
“When llooked at Lord Mellville, and observ
ed attentively his stern, unyielding countenance,
his picrecing grey eyes and the determination
shown in earn ing out the plan he now meditated,
I was unwilling to lend my aid in its accomplish
ment. It appeared to me that I ought not to en
courage this cunning device, by which he would
disinherit his nephews; and thus although the no
ble Lord did not receive an immediate refusal, yet
he saw my hesitancy and agitation, and like most
persons who meet with unexpected obstacles in
accomplishing their views, he became more eager,
and pressed his suit with unwonted ardor. Those
with whom I lived, and everybody I knew, advised
me to profit by this freak of an English Lord, with
millions ; a part at least, of whose fortuno in tho
event of my doing so, must soon become mine.—
As for myself I thought of you; my gratitude lent
a thousand graces to your person. I recalled con
tinually the kind tone of your voice, although
heard but for an instant. You had never looked
in my face, and yet I was near sacrificing to this
dream of the immngination my good fortune and
your oicn ; hut I had taken too severe a lessou in
tho miseries of a life of poverty aud suffering, to
allow these romantic feelings to overpower my
better judgment. Your image was reluctantly
thrust aside by tho poor sewing girl, and I became
Ladv Mellville.
“It was, indeed, my dear Frederick, a fairy tale,
that I, a poor destitute, friendless orphan girl,
should become the wife of one of the richest of
England’s Peers—that I, a modern Cinderella,
in my magnificent equipage, witli servants in
heraldic liveries, should drive through the street
in which but a few short months before, I had
walked a shivering beggar; that 1, clothed in the
richest silks, and radiant with jewels, should look
from my high estate upon the very spot where I
had stood, extending my trembliug hand for char
ty. It was a turn of Fortune’s wheel too incredible
for belief—in truth, a fuirv talc ; but the fairies of
this world of ours my dear Frederick, are the pas
sion* of mankind.”
“Happy Lord Mellville ?” cried Frederick; “he
could enrich you.” ,
“Ho was indeed happy,” said Madame de la
Tour; “for the event proved that this marriage,
which the world looked upon as an old man’s folly,
I caused to be regarded by the world as the most
sensible thing lie could have done. He was rich
not only beyond his wants, but beyond even his
wishes. He could never manage to’expend his en
tire income, and his fortune was therefore, con
tinually increasing. He believed, from tho first
hour of our union, that ho might trust in the at
tachment of a wife who owed everything to his
bounty ; and never did he, for one moment, repent
his marriage with a French womin. I reposed on
my part, perfect and entire confiißnce in Lord
Melville, as to any provision in the disposition of
his fortune, and with sincerity and tenderness
watched over his declining years. He died leav
ing me the whole of his immense riches, and I
then inwardly vowed to marry no other than the
man who had relieved me in my grestest need.—
But how silent you are 1” said Madame de la Tour
pressing the hand of the husband she lmd enrich
ed and would love with such devotion—“and veu
never visited in the gay world nor went to "the
theatre, nor to concerts—ah! if Iliad but known
your name 1"
'While she thns playfully reproached her asto
nished husband, she took "from around her neck a
chain of rubies, to which was suspended a diminu
tive silk purse—from the latter she drew out a
five franc piece, set in a little frame of gold.
“It is the same one,” said she, putting it into
Fredrick’s hand for a moment and then taking it
bock again. “The sight of this cherished piece of
silver gave me a supper and roof to shelter me un
til the next day, when, at my earnest request, it
was so arranged that I could redeem and keep yonr
fortunato gift—it has never for a moment letYfme.
Ah 1 how happy I was when I first saw yon in the
street—with what joy I ordered the coachman to
stop —I was nearly frantic with agitation and do- i
light, and I at once adopted the only pretext I
could so suddenly think of, to get you into the car
riage. 1 had hut oue fear —you might he mar
ried. Had that been tho case, you would have nev
er heard this story. Lady Melville would have
been your good genius ; she would secretly have
enriched you beyond tho dreams of avarice, but the
unhappy woman would have sought a homo in an
other land, far from the man whose heart and hand ,
could nover bo hers."
Frederick de la Tour dropped the hand of liis .
wifo; lie lot fall the embroidered robe, and with *
both hands grasping firmly tho piece of silver, he
raised it to his lips with an almost reverential so
lemnity.
“Y’ou see,” said Madame dc la Tour, “that lam l
no fairy, hut that, on tho contrary, from you came ;
the fairy’s gift, and it lias, indee'd, proved a won
drous tallisman.”— N. Y. Jour. Com.
As Inquisitive Yankee.—'The Editor’s table of
the Knickerbocker has long been famous for its
choice viands, but we recclloct, just now, nothing
which surpasses in richness, the following.
“A gentleman riding in an eastern railroad ear,
which was rather sparsely supplied with passen
gers, observed in the seat before him a lean, slab
sided Yankee, every feature of whose face seemed
to ask a question ; and a little circumstance soon
proved that he possessed amost “inquiring mind.”
Before him occupying the entire seat, Hat a lady
dressed in deep black; and after shifting his posi
tion several times, and manoeuvring to got an op
portunity to look her in the face he at length
“caught her eye.” He noded familiarly to her,
and asked, with a nasal twang utterly incapable of
imitation: “In affliction ?” “Yes, sir,” replied tho
lady. “Parents? father or mother? “No, sir,”
•aid the lady. “Child, perhaps ?—a boy or gal ?”
“No, sir, not a child,” was the response: “I hnvo
no children.” “Husband then, expect?” “Yes,”
was the court answer. “Hum—cholcry ?—a tradin’
man, meb-be ?” “My husband was a sea-faring
man—tho captain of a vessel; he didn’t die of
cholera; he was drowned.” “Oh, drowned, he?”
pursued the enquirer, hesitatin for a .brief instant.
“Save his chist?” he asked. “Yes, the vessel wan
saved, and my husband’s effects, said the widow.
“Was they ?” asked the Yankee, his eyes bright
ening up ; “pious man ?” he continued. “He was
a member of the Methodist church.” “The next
question was a little delayed but it came: “Don’t
yon think yon got gre-e-a-t cause to be thankful
that he was a pious man, and saved his chist?”
“I do,” said tho widow, abruptly, and turned her
head to look out of the car window. The indefa
tigable “pump” changed his position, held the
widow by his glittering eye, once more and pro
pounded one-more query, in a littie lower tone,
with his head slightly inclined forward over the
back of the seat: “Was you eal’laiu to get married
ag’in?” “Sir!” said the widow, indignantly, “you
are impertinont!” And she left her seat, and took
another on the other sido of the car. “Pears to be
a little huffy!’.’ said tho indefatigable bore, turn
ing to our narrator behind him; “she nced’nt be
mad: I didn’t want to hurt her feelin’s. What
did they make you pay for that nmbrel you got in
your hand t It’s a real pooty one ?”
Queer Doings in Oregon.— From n letter in the
National Intelligencer, it would seem that in Ore
gon that there are two seats of government, i's not
in (Viet two governments. A minority of the Le
gislature and the Supreme Court, consisting of
Chief Justice Nelson and Judge Strong, met at
Oregon City, and the Court, on a question made,
decided that a certain law, fixing the seat of Gov
ernment at Salem, is null and void. A majority of
the Legislature met at Salem, and remained there,
disregarding the decision of tho Court, until the
recent adjournment, after a session of two months
—they and the remaining J udge (Pratt) of the
Supreme Court, denying that any Court, properly
constituted, had been held, as it could only sit and
act at Salem and not at Oregon City. Gov. Gaines,
last winter, when the law passed, refused to recog
nise its validity, for reasons then assigned by him,
which havo been approved by ..the Attorney Gen
eral of the U. S. The majority of the Legislature
have memorialized Congress on the subject, pray
ing a dissolution of the present Territorial Gov
ernment, and the right to select their own Gov
ernor, Secrotarv and Judges. They have also
provided for a Convention of the people upon a
State Constitution, in the event of a failure in
Congress to grant their memorial nt the present
session. The population of the Territory is less
than 20,000 inhabitants. The contest seeing to be
between the Democratic and Government parties
and great confusion is likely to arise from conflict
ing legislation.— Carolinian.
A Universal Catholicon. —Mr. A. takes a glass
of Brnndy and water, or some other aleaholic stim
lant, because his doctor has recommended him to
take a little.
Mr. B. because his doctor orders him not, and
he hates quackery. #
Mr. C. takes a drop because he’s wet.
Mr. D. because he's dry.
Mr. E. because he feels something rising in his
stomach.
Mr. F. because he feels a kind of sinking in his
stomach.
Mr. G. because he’s going to see a friend off to
Oregon.
Mr. H. because he’s got a friend come home from
California.
Mr. I. because he’s so hot.
Mr. K. because he’s so cold.
Mr. L. because he’s got a pain in his head.
Mr. M. because he’s got a pain in his side.
Mr. N. because he’s got a pain in his back.
Mr. O. because he’s got a pain in his cheat.
Mr. P. because he’s got a pain all over him.
Mr. Q. because he feel* light and happy.
Mr. K. because he feels heavy and miserable.
Mr. S. because he’s married.
Mr. T. because he isn’t.
Mr. V. because he likes to see his friends around
him.
Mr. W. because he’s got no friends, and enjoys a
glass by himself.
Mr. X. because his uncle left him a legacy.
Mr. Y. because his aunt cut him off without a
shilling.
Mr. Z. (we should be happy to inform our rea
ders what Mr. Z.’e reasons are for drinking, but on
putting the question to him, he was found to be
too drunk to answer.
Localities or Heaven and Hell.— Some weeks
•go, Dr. Porter, of the Cumberland Presbyterian
Church in Memphis, (Tcnn.) preached a discourse
on the “ Locality of Heaven, astronomically consid
ered,” and located that happy place in the centre
of our solar system—in the Sun. On Sundayeven
ing oflast week, he discoursed to one of the largest
audiences ever seen in Memphis, on the “ locality
of Hell,” fixed the abode of the damned outside of
the solar and astral system, in the “ outer darkness,”
beyond the light of sun and stars, where the plan
ets, comets, and lost worlds, which have violated
the great laws of their existence, travel forever on
their returnless journey through eternal space.
It would be interesting to know whence this in
genious gentleman derived his information.
Caution. —Prof. James J. Mapes states that he
has made sundry experiments upon various kinds
of confectionery recently introduced to the public,
such as Banana aur Jaroonette Pear, and other
drops. He states his decided conviction that they
are injurious to health, and adds : “Many, if not
all of these drops, are flavored with the hydrated
oryde rs Amytc, known in our Pharmacopoeias as
fusei oil, combined with nitric, ascetic, or citric
acid.
This poison is produced in the distillation of
whiskv from corn, and probably the manufactu
rers of the confectionery, in which it is used, as
well as the consumers, are not aware of its poison
ous properties.
I nave just made some experiments with myself
in the nse of this poison, and find that in the state
probably used by the confectioners, the mere odor
is sufficient to cause headache, coughing, Ac,
Southern Cultivator. —We consider this peri
odical one of the most useful on our exchange list.
It is published monthly in Augusta, Ga., edited by
Dr. D. Lee and D. Kedmond, Eaq., and devoted
to Agriculture, Horticulture, and fee General Plant
ing Interests of the Sontb, and forma a valuable
addition to the library of the planter and farmer,
as a compendium of reference, $1 per annum.—
& a Temperance McomU,
> ITEMS.
> We perceive by tiie London papere that the om
nibus proprietors have been proseentit g their dri
! vers for cribbing. Several were convicted, and
since proceedings have been commenced the re
ceipts of one liho alone have increased S4OO por
week 1 Verily, the drivers were making a good
speculation of it.
A SrmiTEi) Lady.—Mrs. Charlotte Baldwin, has
posted Professor Elliott, Principal of the Female
Academy at Nashville, Tenn., for calling her hus
band, who had been employed at the Academy,
an “ordinary humbug.” She says—“l now call
upon him to come tonvard and prove him to be
snob, if he can, or I will cowhide him as a slan
derer every time I meet him in the streets of Nash
ville.”
It is not unworthy of remark that the late ad
vices from the Pacific bring no confirmation of tiie
report, brought by a previous arrival, of a rebel
lion in the Territory of Utah. It may therefore be
presumed that our original conjecture as to the
origin of this story was correct.
Fkom Bakbadoes.— By way of Jamaica, wo have
later advices from Barbadoes. There is no news
of importance. The young cane crop was well
grown ami promised well. The Island continued
healthy, and the shipping of produce had fairly’
commenced.
The Burlington ( i?.t Sentinel, says :
Sartain’s Magazine contains a poem entitled “Our
Baby, by Phoebe Carey.” A pretty thing—hut it
don’t compare with our baby—by the. editor of the
Sentinel. ,
A Bio Pile of Ikon.— There are now thirty
thousand tons of railt oad lying at Dunkirk, N. Y.,
waking shipment to tho West, most destined for
Ohio, and there is daily more receiving.
Awful.— A political circular recently put fortli
in one of the “rural districts" portrays tlio conse
quence of a suspension in tiie operations of the
Post Offico Department, in the following hyper
bole :
“The Genius of Intelligence would be stopped
midway in her flight, witli her wings pinioned
behind her, and iter feet glued to tiie stiffened nir.”
Our time is like money. When we charge a
dollar the dimes “evaporate” as tilings of no ac
count ; and when we break a day by idleness in
the morning the rest of the hours loso their impor
tance in our eyes.
Doctor Boman, of Troy, remarked in a sermon
istoly, that if F’ranklin tamed tiie lightning, Prof.
Morso taught it the English language.
Ambition is a kind of dropsy, the more a man
drinks the more lie covets.
A young lady who wore spectacles, exelaimed in
a voice of sentimental enthusiasm, to a young
ploughman, who was walking on the road: “Do
you, sir, appreciate the beauty of that landscape?
Oh, sec these darling sheep and lambs skipping
about 1” “Them ain’t slieop and lambs—them's
hog's, miss.
A poet carried somo verses to a critic, and desir
ed his opinion of their merit. Afterroading them,
tho critic observed—“My dear sir, those lines need
fire.” And he threw them into tho grate.
The Dutchman who refused to take a one dollar
bill becanso it might he altered from a ten, prefers
stage travelling to railroads. The fornior, lie says,
rides him eight hours for a dollar, while the lutter
only rides him one. Detam Yankee becblus can’t
sheat him 1
Never Satisfied.— Lately, as a gentleman was
examining a desk, which had stood in an old out
building for a long timo, ho found n small bag,
which lie thought a shot bag; hut on taking it up,
tiie bottom eamo out, and to his great surprise, out
rolled 5,000 guineas. After counting them, ho
said he was very sorry that he had not found them
twenty years sooner, that lie might have bad tlio
interest of them also during that period.
Jenny Lind Goldsmidt and husband, will em
bark, it is said, in May next, for Europe, hut intend
to return to the United States, to reside permanent
ly-
An application has been made to the Canadian
Parliamcntby the Montreal and New York railroad
Company for leave to build a bridgo across the ri
ver St. iiawrcneo, connecting the north with tho
south shore, above tho Lachine Rapids, and below
the villages of Lacliino and Caughnawaga, with 1
power to acquire the lands necessary to connect
the bridge with the montrcal and New York rail
road. And application lias also been made to the
same body for a charter to construct ars.iiroad from 1
AmhcrstViunr, county es Essex, to intersect the Great
Western Railway, or connect with thtvßranihril and
Buffalo railroad."
Singular Physiological Fact.— The editor of the
Springfield Mass.) Republican, who is somewhat
of a daddler in the (esthetics of sentimentalism, an
nounces for tho edification of his lady l eaders tho ;
following curious physiological fact concerning Ik.
Marvel, the author of “Reveries of a Bachelor
“Wo have no doubt that our lady friends will take 1
great plensuro in knowing that he who writes so
eloquently of domestic pleasures, and enters into
thoir details with such refined gusto, never hud a
baby in his life, and don’t know any thing about
tho subjoct.”
No doubt, says another paper, they will breathe
easier after learning thnt Air. Marvel has never
passed through a severe trial of that nature. There
is no telling what may happen, however.
The Steam Marine of the U. States.— By tiie
recently published report ofthe Secretary of the
Treasury, is stated that we liavo of steam vessels,
1391—some of great power. We have 9(5 marine
steamships, 15 of winch compared with 15 of the
largest belonging to England, exceed them by
5009 tons ; and then to these we cn:i add BS2 stemii
propellers, some very fine and large ships. The
Inland steamships and boats and the United States
number 766; the tonage of these, in the aggregate,
amounts to 204,613 tons ; tiie tonnage of our ma
rine amounts to 212,500 tons —total 417,113 tons.
Our mercantile stegm vessel tonnage is the largest
in tiie world.
Trial of the Cuban Expeditionists.— Tho trial
of the alleged Cuban expeditionists, J. L. O’Sulli
van and Major Schlessinger, at New York, lias now ,
been in progress eleven days. On Thursday Dr. ,
Burtnet was examined, aud’on his cross-examina
tion he absolutely refused to answer tbe questions,
and was committed to jail for contempt of court.
The witness declined to answer on the ground that
he was not on trial, and he had taken warning by
the example set in the Forrest trial. Ho was com
mitted; and the trial continued by the calling of
other witnesses.
Mr. Secretary Webster has gone from this city
to Trenton, New Jersey v upon a professional en
gagement in a great Patent case there, which is to
come offthis week. The lion. Rufus Choate, of
Massachusetts, is enaged in the same ease, and is
probably already at Trenton, with other learned
members of the Bar whom the importance of the
case has called thither.
Simi-le Remedy foe Scarlet Ffver.— The Balti
more Sun says : —We published a year or two ago,
a simple remedy for scarlet fover—being no other
than rubbing the patient thoroughly with fat bacon.
Wo have since, at different times, received assur
ances from different parties, whom the notice led
to make a trial of it 4 of tho entire success of tlio ex
periment. Others are just now sending us testi
monials of tiie astonishing and speedy cnrvs
recently wrought by it. .\\ e mention the matter
that others may “go and do likewise.”
There is nowliving in Townsbend, (Vt.,) a colored
woman named Susannah Ilnzzcy, who has attained
the advanced age of an hundred and three years.
Her husband was a slave in Massachusetts", and
won his freedom by enlisting in the re volitionary
service and serving during the war. The old wo
man now enjoys a pension of $96 per annum, and
has recently made application for bounty lands,
under an old statute of Massachusetts.
It is computed that there were 7,984,957 persons
carried on railroads in the United States, last year,
and about 86 killed and 47 injured. Most ot' the
killed were employees of the companies. There
ware 11,657 persons earrried lor every mile of line.
Totally insolvent—A report of the Trustees of the
State Bank of Illinois, states that, the assets arc not
sufficient to pay all the liabilities, and that, there
fore, the stock of this defunct institution is worth
less.
Richard Lcaycraft, Esq., of New York, died on
Tuesday last, aged 90 years. lie was the oldest
member of the M. E. Church in this city, and per
haps in theUnitcd States. He was also’one or the
few who worshipped in the “old Pail Loft” in
Horse and Cart, now (William) street, the first place
found for stated pr inching in New York by tho
followers of John Wesley.
A mountain of Emory or Cdrondutn is reported
to have been discovered in the southern part of
Arkansas, near a mountuin of iron. It is renreson
ed as being equal if not superior to the Russian
material. In the Arkansas Emory, as in that of
Russia, rubies arc fonnd.
Women that are the least bashful arc not unfre
quently the most modest; and we are never more
deceived than when we would infer any laxity of
principle from that freedom of demeanor which of
ten arises from a total ignorance of vice. Prudery,
on the contrary, is often assumed to keep off the
supieions of criminality.
Horace Mann thus sums tip a few o; the advan
tages of modern inventions : “One boy, with a
fourdiDier mschire, will make more paper in a
twelvemonth than all Egypt could have made in a
hundred years daring the reign of the Ptolemies.
One girl, with a power press, ’will strike o f books
faster than a million scribes could copy 9* -m be
fore the invention of printhtf. One man with an
iron foundry will turn out more ntensils than Tu
bal Cain could have forged had he worked diligent
ly to.this time.”
Caleb Quotum Matched.— The N. Y. Scapel
states that the following assortment of signs orna
ment a one-story wooden building in su Eastern
city:
Wm. Boyd, Medical Gal vanist and llom«pathist.
Tailoring and Cutting, by William Bevd.
Phrenology and Mesmerism. Doctor Boyd.
Fashionable Dress-making. William Bovd.
There was a shanty adjoining this multifarious
professor, in which vegetables were for sale, with
a connecting door between the two establishments.
A Mr. Charles Black has obtained a verdict of
$lO, 000 against the New Orleans and Carrolton
Railroad Company, for injuries to his little son,
occasioned by an accident on their road which hap
pened near Greenville, La., and was the result of
carelessness on the part of the Company’* agent.
The Philadelphia Bulletin contradicts positively
the report that Grace Greenwood is going to Eng
land with Miss Cushman, with a view of appeai-imr
upon the stage. The lady ia shortly going, with
another party, to Itaiv, but with no intentions of
adopting the theatrical profession.
An Irishman, committed to the tread-wheel for
the space of a month, observed at the expiration
of his task—“ What a great deal of fatigue and
botheration it would hav* saved ns poor creatures
if they had invented it to go by steam like all other
water mill*; for burn me if I have not been going
up stain for this four weeks, but never could reach
the chamber door at all.”
The Rev. Dr. Winans of Mississippi is pre
faringa series of sermons for publication embra
cing all the leading doctrines of Rev ‘aled Religion.
Thres of them are ready for the press —one on the
“Evidence# of Revealed Religion;” one on the
“Existenoe, Nature and Character of God;” and
the third on the “ Trinity in Unity of the Divine
Jlatnre,”
VOL. LXVI.—NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.-NO. 13.
Corrupondence qf tin National InttUigtncer.
The Catacomb* or Palermo.
Cliiof among tho wonders of Palermo are the
catacomb* of tho Capuchin Convent, near the
Portad'Ossuna. It is said to boa place of great
antiquity; many of the bodies have been pre
served in it for centuries, and still retain much of
their original freshness. I had heard of these cat
acomb* in Paris, and my visit to Palermo was in
duced chiefly by tho extraordinary account given
of them. Entering the ancient aud ruinous court*
of the Convent, distant about a mile from the city,
wo were conducted by a ghoatlv-looking monk
through some dark passages to tho subterranean
apartments of the deep. It was not my first visit
to a place of this kind, but 1 must confess the
sight was rather startling. It was like a revel of
the dead—a horrible, grinning, ghastly exhibition
of skeleton forms, sightless eyes, and shining
teeth, jaws distended, and bony hands outstretch
ed, heads without bodies aud bodies without
heads—the young, tho old, the brave, the once
beautiful and gay, all mingled in the ghastly
throng. Wo walked through the long subterranean
pussuges, lined with the dead on both sides ; with
u stealthy and measured tread we stepped, for they
seemed te stare at the intrusion, and their skeleton
fingers vibrated as if yearning to grasp the living
in their embrace.
Long rows of upright niches are out into the
wall on each sido ; in every niche a skeleton form
stands erect as in life, habited in a robe of black ;
tho face, hands and feet naked. Witherod, and of
an ashy lino ; the grizzled beards still hanging
in tufts from the jaws, and iu the recent cases the
hair still clinging to the skull, but matted and dry.
To each corpse is attached a lable upon which is •
w ritten the mime and date of decease, and a cross
or the imago of tho Saviour. ,
Soon recovering from the shock of tho first im
pression. 1 was struck with the wonderful variety
aud marked expression of character iu the faces
and forms around me. There were progressive
dates of death extending from remote centuries up
to she present period, the niches being so arranged
aa to admit of a regular order of deposito. Many
of the bodies stood erect, ns if just lifted from the
deathbed; the tacos colorless, and the horrible
agonies ofdissolution stamped upon the features ;
the lower jaws hanging upon tho breast; tho teeth
grinning and glistening between the parched lips,
and tho black lino of sickness about tho mouth and
around the sunken sockets of the eyes' and in
some the sightless orbs were open and staring with
a wild glare of affright, as if peering into the aw
ful mysteries of the unknown bourne from wlisnco
none return ; while others wore a grotesque
laugh of derision still more appalling while the
muscles of the mouth drawn up, the eyebrows lift
od the head jilted knowingly on one s'ido, tho hair
majted in horny tufts, the bare spots on the skulls,
like the piebald wing of a harlequin ; the skeleton
arms strotchod, and the bony fingers spread ns if to
ciutob tiio relentless destroyer, nod wrestle with
him to the lust. These I fancied were lively fellows
who were carried off suddenly after n midnight 1
carouse. 1 sat down on a box containing n dead 1
child, and looked up at a row of bodies opposite j
that attracted my notice in a particular degree. In i
the middle stood h frolicking follow, two years
dead, whoso sunken eves appeared still to burn
with tho firo oflife and humor. His bunds were 1
lifted in a dopreoating manner over a congregation
of corpses sitting on a shelf below. Some appoar- ]
ed to bo listening; some grinning at his humorous 1
harangue ; others, with their heads together, seem i
to question the propriety of liis anecdotes; old
gentlemen, with knitted brows and lantern jaws ; i
ranges of bodies stood on each sido of him os if I
laughing, talkingpiaying, dying, suffering, listening, 1
rejoicing, aud feasting at the banquet of death.
One little man, in a dingy suit of black, satin a 1
corner; tho end of his noso was oaton off by the
worms ; liis month was compressed, aud had a
pinched expression ; liis hands grasped eagerly at
something. I thought that little man was a miser, t
whoso death was caused by starvation. Another *
figure, a large portly body, stood in a conspicuous >
part part of tho vault; it was tho oorpße of a fat i
old bishop, whoso jaws were still rotund and i
smooth with good living, ami liis sleok huir patted l
down to liis head ns with the oil of bygone roast
beefs and macaroni soups, and jolly cast of counts- 1
nance, betokened- a system libe/ally supplied with <
the juices of life, and a consciancj rendered easy i
by attention to tile ereaturo comforts. That man t
lived an easy life, and died of good feeding. lie I
was carefully labelled, and carried on his wrists a ’
jewelled cross. There stood in another part of the i
vault a fiery orator, with open mouth and distend- I
ed arms. The head was thrown back, the breast t
partially bare, a sow tufts of black hair fell from i
liis piebald skull; his round staring eyes were >
stretched open, and liis brows arched high on jiis i
wrinkled forehead ; lie looked toward heaven for <
inspiration. I fancied I could hear tho flaming i
torrent, ns it blazod and craek’cd and scintillated i
from liis thin ashy lips. It was tho glowing elo
quence of an ardent soul that left its parting im- t
press upon the clay ; the form yet spoke, but the '
sound was not there. Passing on from vault to 1
vault, we saw hero and there a dead baby thrown t
upon a shelf—its little innocont face sleeping calm- (
lyamongthe mouldering skulia: a log; or an arm, s
or an old skull, from wliioli the lower jaw had fal- »
len ; now a lively corpse, jumping with a startling «
throe from its niche, or a grim skoleton in its <
dark corner chuckling »t tho ravages of the de- 1
atroyer. Who was the princo hero? Who was i
the great man, or tho proud man or tho rich I
man ! Tho musty, grinning, ghostly, skeleton in
the corner seemed to chuckle at tho thought, nnd a
say to himself, “Was it you there on tho light, a
you ugly, .noseless, sightless, disgusting thing? i
Was it yon that rode in your fine carriage about a t
year ago, and thought yourself so great when yon c
ordered your coachman to drive over the beggar if i
lie did not get out of tho way ? Don’t you see he a
is ns handsomo as you are now, and ns great a man! s
you can’t cut him down now, old fellow 1 And t
you there on tho left. What a nicofigure you are *
with your ficsliless shanks and your worm eaten i
lips 1 It was you that betrayed yontli and becuty
and innocence, aud brought yourself here at last to a
keep company with such follows as I am. Why, I
there is not a living thing now, save the maggots, j
that wouldn’t turn away m disgust from you. And l
yon sir. on the opposite side, how proud you were 1
when I last saw you; an officer of state, a groat t
man in power, wlio could crush all below you, and 1
make the liappv wife u widowed mourner, and f
bring licr little babes to starvation ;it was you r
that had innocent men siczcd nnd cust in prison, c
Wlmt can you do now ? Tho meanest wretch
that mocks you in this vault of death is as good as
you, as strong, as great, as tall, as broad, ns pretty i
a piece of morality, and a great deal nearer to lien- t
veil. Oh, you a*e a nico set of fellows, all mixing 1
together without ceremony 1 Where aro your 1
rules of etiquette; your fashionable ranks, and f
your plebiau ranks; your thousands of admiring 1
friends, your throngs of jewelled visitors 1 Why, t
tiio lowiicst of us has a* many visiters here, and as t
many houost tours shed as yon. Ha | ha! This I
is a jolly place, after all; we aro alia jolly net of e
republicans, and old Death is our President 1” '
Turning away from this strange exhibition of 1
death’s doings, I followed tho old monk into tho 1
vaults allotted to tho women. Here the spectacle f
was still more shocking and impressive. Tho bodies t
were not placed in an upright position like those 1
of tiio men, but were laid out at full length in glass 1
eases, tho walls on both sides being covered. . t
The young, the gay, the beautiful, were all here, l
laid lowly in tho relentless embrace of death; dock
ed out in silken dresses, laces, and jewellery, as in
mockery of tho past. Each corpse had its sad his- t
tory. I saw a young bride who was stricken down t
in a few brief months after her marriage. She was
dressed in her bridal costume; the bonnet and veil
still oil, the white gloves drawn over her skeleton I
fingers.; a few withered flowers laid upon her breast J
by the mourning one she had left behind. Through '
the thin vail could be seen a blanched, grinning,
bonyf. ee; sunken sockets, marked around with
the dark lines of decay; and her long hair was
drawn inluxuriant masses over her withered bosom. 1
Another held in her arms a skeleton babe. Some 1
were habited in walking dresses; others in oil the J
finory ol’ ball-room costume, with gay Bilk, Blip- ‘
pers, silk stockings, and tawdry lace. It was a ’
ghastly sight to look under the bonnets, and gaze '
upon the sunken ashy features, decked around ?
with artificial flowers, unci trace in those withered 1
lineaments no lingering line of beauty, no flicker- 1
ilig ray of the immortal spirit, but a dreary history
ol mortal agony, decay, und corruption. Yet here
the husband coinoß to* held communion with the .
beloved soul that once dwelt in that mouldering j
corpse; to look upon those blanohed features, that ,
wore once animate with life and affection ; to kiss
the cold lips, and feel no returning warmth. And
here, too, the father, brother, sister and wife come (
to gaze upon the dead ; and here the mother comes (
to weep over the withered corpse of her babe. (
Once a year, as I learnt from the old monk, the ,
relatives of the deceased come to pray for the sal- (
ration of their souls, and deck their bodies with ,
flowers. ,
Prom the conversation of the monk, I learnt that (
these catacombs are snpportcd'by contributions from ,
the relatives of the deceased who par annually a
certain sum for the preservation of the bodies. Each
new comer is placed in a tempoary niche, and after- i
wards removed to a permanent place, where ho is i
permitted to remain as long as tho contributions i
continue: but when tho customary fees are not i
forthcoming, the corpses arc thrown aside on a 1
shelf, where they lie till the relatives think proper I
to have them set up again. Whole shelves are ]
filled with skulls ana bodies of the dead, put out of <
the way to make room for others of a more profl- <
table slinractcr. *
It might be supposed that the air of tho cata- i
combs is in some tfcgrcc affected by the fresh bo- 1
dies ; but this is not the case. There is no often- t
sivo odor, and the visiter would scarcely know, if f
lie did not see them, that lie was surrounded by the i
dead. I could perceive no difference in the atmos- t
pliero of these vaults from that of any other snbter- i
rarican places, except a slight smell of mould, not i
altogether disagreeable. The fresh air i» admitted <
from the top, and it is to its extreme dryness that i
the oreservation of tlie bodies may be attributable. 1
During iny sojourn in Palermo I visited Mor- t
reale, a village situated on a hill, about three miles i
distunt. The chief object of attraction here is a <
very ancient church, in which may bo seen some i
of the finest mosaic in Sicily, and a court contain- ;
ing two hundred double columns, each different i
from the other. Among the pictures in mosaic is ’
a representation of St. Paul in the act of pulling t
the devil out of somebody’s mouth; to which one
of the reverend padres pointed with a grim smile |
of triumph. 1 believe he suspected that I had <
something of the kind in me that could be extract- <
ed by bard pulling; but I gave him a couple of i
carlini, v.-hich seemed to afford him much satisfac- 1
tion. •
_ _ «
Pembina.—The Minnesota papers speak of the j
Pembina delegation in the Legislature of that Ter- j
ritory. Where is Pembina ? we doubt if many of ,
our readers kuow. Pembina is on the lied River
of the North, ariverthat falls into Lake Winnipeg,
away up in the British possessions, almost in the
region of eternal ice and snow, and just on the
boundary line between those possessions and the c
U. States', in latitude 49. Between Pembina and 1
Saint Paul, the capital of the Territory, is an un- r
broken wilderness of 250 to 800 miles. But it is (
fast filling up, and will soon be a densely popnlat- t
ed and well cultivated country. Particularly around t
Bcmbina is a beautiful and fertile region, ahd the i
people are raising more produce than they know ‘ i
wind to do with. The Saint Paul Pioneer remarks ?
that a distillery could be well supplied with corn, t
rve and barley ; but singularly enough adds that [
the people are mostly temperate in their habits. <
But these far-off northern regions are a part of <
our great ahd glorious Union; a Union that stretch- t
e» throughtwenty-flvcdcgreesoflatitude,and near l
sixtv of longitude; from Madawaa and Pembina to <
the Florida reefs and the Kio Grande; and from <
ocean to ocean; controlled by the freest and be»t I
Government in the world, anil containing twenty- f
five millions of the most intelligent people. —Macon I
Republican. , <0 .*
The Boston Medical Jotnial mentions the fol- 1
lowing simple and economical apparatus forover- i
coming bad odors, and purifying any apartment i
where the air is loaded with noxious materials: 1
Tukc one of any of the various kinds of gins* lamps
—for burning cainphenc. fbr example—and fill it
with chloric either, and light the wick. In a few
minutes the object will be accomplished. In dis- i
seeting rooms, in the damp, deep vaults where ve
getables are sometimes stored, or where drains al- 1
low the cscane of offensive gases, in out buildings, 1
and in sliortin any spot where it irf desirable to 1
purify tlie atmosphere, burn one of these lamps, i
One tube, charged with a wick is sufficient. *
The Musical Times gives some curions statistics
of negro mipstrelsy in New York. In .1842, the i
profits of one company for six months wefe but >
|2S»4, while iulMSthoy were SIS,IJ7. \
Artesian Well al Cahaba.
A ooebxsfondext of tho Alabama Journal stir
-0 nishes that paper with the following very interest
, ing account of an Artesian Well at Caliuha:
Metert. Editort: —When In Cahaba last week, I
f had the pleasure ol examining tho very interesting
. Artesian Well, bored by *Mr. N. B. Read, for Joel
. Matthews, Esq., at the sito of liis cotton foctory.
, The depth already penetrated is 710 feet 10 inches,
i Tlie first bore was about three inches diameter, and
t the discharge is 600 gallons per minute, or 864,000
c gallons in 24 hours, exceeding probably any well
, ui America. Mr. Read is now ougaged m rimming
t out to a diameter of six inches. Tiio force of tho
, water greatly facilitates this operation, as it throws
f out at the top all tho materlul, which the auger
[ detaches.
This, I believe to bo the first well in Alabama,
which has been sunk balow tho water, which
rising to the surfuoo in abundance for ordinary
, purposes, is found beneath tho first stratum of
soft limestone.
In this locality, this stratum was perforated at
a depth of 868 feet from the surtkee, when astrat
um of sand-stone was reachod five feet in depth.
In this formation, niariuu fossils were found in
great abundance, sliolls, star-fish, Ac. Below this
In a stratum of gray sand, threo feet thick, water
was found t whioh'roso to the surface in a bold
stream. •
This is the point, ranging from 200 to 600 foet
below tho surface, at w liicli it is austomary to Cense
operations in boring Artesian weds in this country,
butinthis instance, Mr. Matthew* discarded tlie
fear of losing tho water, which has hitherto do
. terred penetration to a greater depth, and allowed
Mr. Read, at his solicitation to extend his opera
tions downwards in search of a more abundant
supply. Immediately below the water, was found
a formation of very hard sand-stone, 1 foot 8 inch
es thick. Then a’formation wbieli Mr. Read des
cribes as a “dark blue sticky sand,” 9 foot 9 inch
es thick—then blue soft llme-stono 7 feet—bluish
gray sand 19 fleet—green sand 8 feet. Below thi
last stratum, water was again found in a gray sand,
or fine dobris of mioa, quartz and feldspar, proba
bly disintegrated granite, being 40 feet 6 below tlie
first wator, and 411 foot 0 inches below the surface.
Th.s stratum continned unchanged for 126 in
depth, and the wator obtained from it greatly aug
mented the supply. Below this, a hard gray snnd
stone 11 fcot tmefc was encountered, where wator
was ngßin found in sand, generally similar to that
above the sand-stone, except that, it was traversed
with occasional thin strata ol soap-stone. This
formation, with water, constantly augmenting the
discharge of the woll as tlie depth was increased,
oontinued for 299 feet, or 710 feot 10 inches from
the surface, where tlie boring tofminates for the
present.
It is Mr. Matthews’ intention, after be lias rim
mod out the well to tho diameter of 6 inches, for
tho whole depth, to eontinucEbring so long as the
water continues to increase ITI quantity. It is the
design to tube tiio well, so *ur at least ns to shut
ofl*the water found beneath the first stratum of
lime-stone. It is thought that this will greatly
inereaso the force of the discharge from the lov.ev
fountain, whioh ia tho tntiin sonroo ofstipplv. •
Many wagon loads of sands have been thrown
out from below by the force of the water. Tlie
water, however, is perfectly clear nnd limpid, and
pleasant to the tnsto. Pieces of stone the size of
an egg, or larger, or a silver half dollar, if thrown
into the well, are immediately ejeetod.
I hare reason to believe from the. determination
and ability of Mr. Matthews to prosecute this en
terprise, sustained as he is by tho able management
of Mr. Road, that this will eventually eclipse any
Artosian well yet made, in the quantity of itß dis
charge in a given- time.
Maroh IS, 1852. A. A. D.
Boy’s Kvenino. —Many a boy ruins bis charac
ter, nnd wrecks till Ids hopes, bv misemploying tiio
evening hours. School or business has conflnod him
during tiio day, and the rebound by which liis elnstio
nature throws these duties off, carries him often
unawares beyond tho limits of both propriety nnd
prudence.
Besides tho impetnona gusli of spirits whose
buoyancy hr.* been thus confined, there are influ
ences poeuliar to the time, whieli render tlie even
ing a period of special temptation. Satan knows
that its hours are leisure onos for the multitude,
and then, ifever, is ho zealous to secure their ser
vices ; warily planning that unexpected fascinations
mnv give attractive grace to sin, and unpnralleled
facilities smooth tho path to ruin. Its shadows are
a cloak, which ho persuades the young will fold,
with certain concealment, around every error, in
seductive whispers telling them, “It is tho black
and dark night, como." 11 ow many thus solicited to
come, “as a bird hastening to tho miarc, knowing
not that it is there lives," let the constantly recur
ing eases of juvenile depravity testify.
Parents acknowledge the evil here pointed out,
and anxiously inquire, “wliatit to bo done; can
wo debar otir children from every amusement!”.
Boys thomsolves confess it, but plead, in reply to
the remonstrance of friends, “that evening is their
only playtime, and that they must have some
sport." ’itis certainly very proper that tho young
should have amusemont. None better than our
selvos are plonscd to hoar the tips of childhood el
oquent with the exclamation, “Oh, wo hovo had
lots of fun,” It seems llko our own voice com
ing back in ocho to ub from out of a long-lupsed
pnst.
Tho amusement should however, bo innocent;
and innocont amusements tiro most easily secured.,
and enjoyod at home. Hero parental sympathy
may sw'octen the pleasures, and parental cure chock
tlie evils of pluy, frequently intermingling its inci
dents with lossons of instruction. It parento
would use half the asastdulty to render an evening
spent at homo agreeable, that Satan employs to
win to tho haunts of vice, they would oftentimes
escape tho griefoccasioned by filial misdeeds, and
secure a rich reward in having their childrert’a
maturity adorned by many virtues.
A word to boys concludes all tliutwc would now
say. Spend your ovonlngs boys, at home. You
may make them among the most agreeable and
profitable of your lives, and when vicious compan
ions should tempt you away, remember that God
lias said “Cast not thy lot with them ; walk not
thou their way, refrain thy foot from' their path.
They lay it in wait for their own blood ; they lurk
privily for their own lives. But walk thou in the
wny of good men aud keep tlie paths of the riglit-
OOUB.”
A Melodious Brmrr Gone.—The nnnoimccrnenf,
In the foreign news whioh we have published of
tho death of the great Irish poet, Thomas Moore,
will cause a pang of regret in thousands of hearts.
For *cveral years the master lyrist had been silent
from a mental affliction, similar to that which
hushed “unseasonably" the muso of Southey, but
tho world still rejoiced in tlie life of the bard
though his harp was unstrung. No mortal hand
lias touched more thrilling, sensitive, nnd tender
chords In our common nature than Moore. No
voice of song lias spoken, that will be oftener or
longer echood in onr language. Wherever the
beautiful in sentiment and’ tiio pure in melody,
find response, there is both shrine und worship for
tlie gifted soul that is now, we doubt not,in that
Paradise of which he so sweetly sung—and which
ho peopled witli tho houiit of hia exuberant and
tender fenov. Penco and pleasure, evermore, to
his departed shade.— N. Y. Mirror.
Tux Giieat Routes or Wehtkrn Travel.—Tlie
business of three of the greatest routes of Western,
travel in 1860 and 1861, was us follows .
1850. 1851.
length. Cost. Earning!.
Erie Canal 850 620,763,240 1",983,126 68,001,488
■rle Railroad....NT 28,880,000 1,061,660 2,776,919
Central line It. K. 402 10,120,280 2,896,042 8,167,696
Total 1141 660,203,444 66,893,117 68,636,098
This ia a remarkable result, showing gross earn
ings of 15 per cent, on the aggregate cost of the
works. Within ten year* tho increase of traffio
upon tho lending public works of this country has
been immense, no loss thun 68,410,214.. The re
venues of tlie Northern line, Erie ('mini, Pennsyl
vania Canal, and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad were
$8,924,987, in 1841. Tho revenues of tho same
routes of travel, together with tiio Erie Railroad,
were $12,685,001 in 1851. —Albany Jieyinter.
MAsaACHUuxTTs Railrods.—The annual reports
of the various Railroads in this State, lor file year
1851, have been published. There are 18 roads
now in operation in tho State, tho entire length of $
which is miles. The capitul stock of these
corporations is $56,798,700, of which the amount
of $45,292,478.17 lias been actually paid in. The
entire stock of these road* ia $58,148,888.08. Tlie
earnings of these roads in 1861„were $7,380,961.60,
and the expenses of working $4,018,695.58, leaving
the net earnings $8,280,886.29. Tlie dividends de
clared wore $2,169,436.67, or 48 per cent nearly, on
the amount of capital actually paid iu. The debt
of the Massachusetts roads is $15,069,819.72; their
surplu* is $1,841,478.41. Ninety-eight causualtiee
have occurred in tho year, of wliieli 68 were fetal.
Historical Anecdote.—As is well known in the
annals of our naval history, Commodore Jones,
while in command ofthe sloop of-«ni Wasp, after
a short but bard feiightaetion, captured tlie British A
sloop Frolic his suporior in force, as acknowledged
by the enemy themselves. Shortly after the action,
both vessels were captured by the seventy four
Poietiers, Com. Jones being unable to eso pe in
consequence of injuries sustained in hi* late en
counter. The Wnsp and Frolic were both taken
as prizes to Bermuda, from which place the Amer
ican officers were sent home and exchanged. The
Wasp was repaired and fitted out as a British crui
ser, and attached to the squadron at that time en
gaged in the blockade of New York liarbor, of
which the Policti«rs was the flsg ship. While at
tending to these new duties the ship and crew
met an awful fate. In the midst of an awful thun
der storm, at night, the crow of a ship a few miles
distant were startled by a tremendous explosion,
immediately succeeding a hurst of thunder and
lightning, when tho whole heavens were illumina
ted in the diraction of the Wasp, for a few mo
ments, until night again spread her Ruble mantle
over the troubled waters. The ill fated Wasp was
never again seen ; aud not until the deep .shall
yield tip its treasures with all the secrets of that
fatal night be revealed. The ocean was dotted
with fragments, but not a soul survived to toll tho
tale.
Commodore Jones, in relating this anecdote sug
gested a reason for the catastrophe. While in
command of the Wasp, he was ourefn! that con
ductors were rigged to cveTy mast; for he consid
ered theshipinspccfeil danger from the effect* of
lightning, as tho mizzenmast stepped through the
magazine, in his engagement with tho Frolic his
spars and rigging were muoh out to piecesaad in her
subsouent repairs at Bermuda bv her captors donbt
less the same precaution was not observed. The
bolt which struck tho mast must have communi
boted immediately to the magazine, and destroyed
at once both crew and ship.
Increase of tiie Mormons. —We learn from a
Ban Diego paper that a deputation of Mormons
have visited that city, and that a Mormon settle
ment in the V alley ofthe Gilo is to be established.
Great activity prevails in the preparations for the
new colony, and those qualities of energy, indus
try; and concentrated effort which have character
ized tlie Mormons from the first are manifested
' very conspicuously on the Gila. The object of tho
Mormon leaders is to open a communication with
the Pacific with a view to tlie establishment of a
port at or near Bon Diego. Tho plana and policy
of those people look far ahead, and indicate a full (
confidence on their part in the permanency of
their organization ahd its increasing power. The
position which they are likely to hold toward the
Government ofthe United States has already be
come a serious question, and it mav involve* more
serious matters still in the event or the continned
growth of the Mormon association and the main
tenance of its allienated attitude.— Balt. Amer.
The Aurora by Day.—A correspondent of the
Port*month Journal state* that on tho morning
and forenoon of Wednesday last the aurora was
distinctly Been. The auroral arch stretched from
the western to the eastern horizon tho corona of
which was near the zenith, while streamers flashed
up from the north and east. Tlie arch was wide,
the streaks of light differing and varying in inten
sity. The peculiar flickering inotiou of the aurora ,
was evident to all whose attention w<Ss directed to
tho phenomenon. Tne aurora by day has often
been described in scientific works, but though of
frequent occurrence, it is rarely notioed. Its usual
appearance being faint and indistinct, it passes for
•light cirrous cloud.
A Libel Suit between the euitoSof two German
papers in New York was lately tried mid resulted,
lfia verdict of six centa damages, The amount,
stan*d waa SIO,OOO, *
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