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BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
<OBC3a»
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CHRONICLER SENTINEL
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BY AUTHORITY.
TAX LAW.
A* Act to Isry and collect a Tdm for each of the jrJirtcal
ywr* I W2 dud ISM, nod thereafter, until rejmtlcd.
HKCTUiW I, Be it enacted, by the fr-nat* and House <(f He
prcsentaHret of (hr Stuff of Georgia, in General
in+t, and it /« hereby mulcted by tJw authority of the mtw.
That from And after the *Mge of thin art, *ll r«*al
and personal rotate within this Plate, whether owned,
by individnnlff op rot*} Miration*, reuhlent or m»n*r«klent,
■hall lie liable to taxation, unmeet to the exemption* herein
afr«r npneit led.
tec. 2. And hr it further enacted, That the term “rani
estate,” hr u*ed in ttito act, ahull he construed to include
land itself, ail taiilrfings or other article erected upon,
or affixed to, the same ; all mlm*. mineral*, foedls, and
quarries iu and under the name, except mines Iwloiqm'K f
the Mtate, and the term “personal estate,” us lined iu this
act, shall he construed to include hII chattels, nu files, debU
due from solvent debtor", whether ou note, hill, draft
judtrmcnt or mort'/afte, or o|*n account*, good*, wures
and merchandise, capital invested in shippin? or tonnage,
or ca|iital otherwise invested, nejfro slaves, plea Miro car
riage*, public stocks, aw! sUs ks in rnonled corporations;
al>o sort portion of the capital of incorporated companies
liable to taxation on their capital as shall not be invested
in real or personal estate.
Mac, 8. And. be it further enacted, That the following
property shall be exempted from taxation, to wit : All
exempted from taxation, by the Constitution of this
Mtate or under the Constitution of the United State*, alt lands
belonging to this State or the I.'lilted States, every building
erected for the use of and used by a college, Incorporated
aeadcniy or other seminary of |«. A ruing, every building
for public worship, every school house, court house,
and Jail, and the several lots whereon such building*
are situated, and uil the hirntture belonging to each
of them, all book* and philosophirul apparatus not held as
merchandise, and for the purpose of **ale, every poor
house, alms house, house of industry, and any house he.
longing to any charitable institution, and the real and per
sonal estate belonging to any charitable institution or con
nected with the same, the real and personal estate of any
public library, and other literary association*, all stocks own
ed by the Mtate and by literary and charitable instituons, aUo
all plantation and mechanical toots, all household and kitch
en furniture not above the value of three hundred dollars, not
held far purpose of sale, or as merchandize, all libraries—all
poultry and S2OO value of other property belonging to each
tax payer, and also the annual crops and provision* of the
citlcco* of this State, and all lira arms and other Instru
ment! .ami all munitions of war not held as merchandlae, and
all wearing apparel of the tax payer and family, and tho
holder or owner of stock in any incorporated company
liable to taxation on its capital shall not be taxed as au
individual for such stock.
Mac. 4. And be it. farther enacted, That all lands held
tinder warrants, and surveyed, hut not grafted by the
Itiatc, shall be liable to taxation in the same manner as if
•dually granted.
H*w\ 5. And be it .further snorted, That all monied or
•tock corporation! deriving Income or profit from their
capital or otherwise, except as before excepted, shall be
liable to taxution.
Hbo. ft. And be it farther enacted , That each and every
free person of color In this fltato betweecn the «?**» of
eighteen aud fifty shall bo taxed annually the sum of firs
dollar*.
Inc. T. And be it further varied , That the sum sf five
dollars shall bo levied upon all pntrflriener* es l*oiv or
IMiysle or Dentistry and Dfigwrrean ArllaN.
Mac. g. And be it further enacted, That each and every
male citizen tret ween the ages of twenty-one and sixty
years, shall be taxed nnnually hereafter, twenty-live cents.
Mm. if. And be it further enctcUd, That the receiver of
tax returns in each county, shall receive all return* io him
on the oath# of the person* making them aod it Mich val
uation as they may affix, and If auy person shall fail to
make it return, »»r to affix a value, the receiver shnl! make
such valuation, and asseas the tax thereon from the best infor
mation in Ids power to obtain, and In dines where no retain
1* made or no valuation made by the persons returning, he
■hall assess a double tax.
Her. 10. And be it further enacted.. That It shall be
the duty of the receiver to assess all real and personal es
tate not returned or not assessed by the person returning
the same at the full market value.
Hue. 11. And be it further enacted, That the receiver
of tax returns hIikII require nil persons to give in
each and every tract or parcel of land, he or she
may own, specifying its locatiou, quality, and the num
ber of acres, if known, and the aggregate value, includ
ing the value of the buildings, machinery, toll bridges or
ferries on tho same, a classiHcation of the personal estate
subject to taxation, as defined in tho second section of this
act, specifying the inmihcr of negro slaves and their aggre
gate value, and the aggregate ot all other chattels,
moneys, debts due or lo become due from solvent debtors in
whatsoever form, and each classification shall he eutered in
■ep&rule columns.
Sac. I*2. And be it further enacted, That the Receivers
of tax return*, throughout the State shall administer to each
and every person giving in his or her taxable property,
the following oath, to wit: You do solemnly swear (or
affirm) ut the cose may be, that the account which
you now give In ii a just and true account of all
tho taxable property which yon were possessed of,
held «r claimed on the first day of January last, or was In
terested In or entitled unto, either in your own right or In
the right of any other person or persons whatsoever, as
Parent, Guardian, Kxecutor, Administrator, Agent, or Trus
tee, or any other manner whatever; and that it la not worth
more than the valuation you have aflixed to it, te the best
of your knowledge and belief—so help you God.
B*o. 18. And bed ftuiher enacted , That It shall be the.
duty of tho several tax Receiver* within this State to
tnko In all taxable* herein before enumerated, and
enter the same in his book or digest with the ap
praised value thereof, followiug the chumification speci
fied in the second and eleventh sections of this act,
und return a copy of the same made out in fair and legible
hand writing, to the Comptroller General, and one to the
Clerk of tho Inferior Court and one to the tax collector, on or
before the Ist day of July In each, year in which digest shall
be carefully made out, an abstract, stating each sabjeot of
Taxution, the ainouut of aggregate value of each, the num
ber of acres of land, nuqibcr of slaves, polls, free persons of
color, professions, dentists and dcguarrc.in Artists.
tec. 14. And be it farther enacted, That when the
Comptroller General shall have received said digest,
he Is hereby required to examine the same carefttlly,
to detect auy error or errors therein contained, and
having corrected the sumo, if any shall bt found to
exist, he shall then foot up cadi column and ascertain
the aggregate amount of each And all the digests, ami report
the same to his Excellency the Governor, who with the as
sistance of the Comptroller shall assess such a rate per cent,
not exceeding 1 12th of one per cent, on the entire amount
as will raise un amount of revenue corresponding to the
wants of the State, and notify the several Tax Collectors
throughout the State of the rate per cent, so Imposed, and
the amount to be collated by him In each county.
Mcc. Ift. And be it further enacted, That the amount mo
required to be assessed and collected, shall not exceed the
■urn of three huudred aud seventy-live thousand dollars
annually.
See* Ift. And be it further cn/tcteil. That the amount of
tax to be paid annually to the Mtate upon tho amount of real
and )hm**oiial estate taxable under this act, sliall be 1 12th of
one per cent., which shall be levied and collected and
accounted for according to the existing law, together w ith
tho (toll tax and tax on practitioners of law, medicine, free
negroes, dentists, and Daguerrcan artists.
Mec. 17. And be it further enacted by the authority ttfbre
mid, That it shnll be the duty of tho Comptroller Ge
neral, with the assistance of the Treasurer, after the re
turns of taxes have been made by the tax receivers of the
several counties in this State, to make au estimate of the
sum total of taxes which will bo raised under this act ac
cording to the i»er cent, assessed, and if it should appear
that tho sum total should exceed the amount of taxes re
quired bv this act to be raised; then the Comptroller Ge
neral shall issue his circular directing the tax collectors of
this State to make such deduction iu an equal ratio upon
every thing taxed according to value, as w ill reduce the
sun* total of taxes, as nearly t ) the amount required by this
act to be raised, at is practicable. The Comptroller speci
fying the percent, deduction ueccssarv to be made.
Sex*. IS. Ami be it further enacted, That the tax re
ceivers and collectors shall receive the same compensation
now allowed by law*.
Mec. 18. And be it .farther enacted , That to net the
digests as provided for in the 7th section of the act of IS4A,
for the receivers, the default list shall be deducted, and for
the collectors tho insolvent list shall l»e deducted from the
total amount of the digests, and that all taxes due and
payable under any of the provisions of this act, shall l»e
paid In gold or silver, or in the hills of specie paying Ranks
of this state.
Sec. 510. Anti be it further enacted , That the fourth
and fifth sections of an act poised the 22d of February,
eighteen hundred amt fifty, to levy and collect a tax for
each of the political years, 1850 and 1851, and thereafter,
be, and the same are hereby continued in tell force and
effect, saving and excepting ao much of the fourth section as
in the following words, to wit: not being over sixty years
of Age, or valueless from decrepitude or disease.
Mec. 21. Anil be it .farther enacted. That nothing in this
act shall be so construed as to relieve Hanks, Railroads or
agencies of Foreign Rank* from any special tax heretofore
assessed on them or any of them.
Mec. 22. And be It .farther enacted. That all laws and
parts of laws militating against this act, except such parts
of the tax acts uow in force in this Mtate, as may be ne
cessary to carry out this act, and which are declared in
full force, be, and the same are hereby repealed.
JAM. A. MERIWKTHF.R,
Mjtenkerof the House of Representative*.
ANDREW J. MILLER,
President of the Mcuatc.
Approved, Bth January, ISA I *.
HOWELL COBB, Governor.
•ippiemextlry TAX ACT.
AN ACT supplementary to an act, entiled an ad to levy
and collect a tax for the political years lMft‘2 and 1862, ap
proved January 8, 1>62.
Wuk kras, by the fifteenth section of the above entitled
act to levy and collect a tax for the political years 1862 and
IsftS, it is enacted that the rum of three hundred and sev
enty-five thousand dollars shall lx raised for the support of
the Government of this Mtate for of said years; and
whereas, by the fourteenth section of said act, it has been
further enacted, that to raise the said sum, for said political
years, not more than one twelfth of one per cent, '‘hall be
assessed on the actual value of all the property liable to
taxation under the .provisions of the above entitled act;
and whereas, his Excellency, the Governor of this Mtate, in
a special message made to tlte Horn* of Representative*,
has expressed his doubts w hether the said sum of three
hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, necessary for
the support of tilt government of this State for each of the
Mid political year. InV> and ISM, can I* raised by tlte *s-
Mvamcnt ut only one twelfth of on. per cent, on the estima
ted vduc of thcpro|*rt.v sublet to laxatkm under said
act, and bath rwommeuded to the Ueneral Assembly, as a
precautionary jnrarare, to ease the ntd rate per cent , spe
e.Bed In Mid act shaU no, be sufficient to ninth, said sum
for said political f ears 1854 aud ISM, to mss an act snmde
plementary to said act, authorising him aud the (.'outntrol-
Jerticneral »*™>b>
thu State of the Digmt or property subject to taxation un
der the provisions or said art, and the value of the same,
and upon the examination and footing up of Mid Ilier-i ii
shall satisfactorily appear to them that ,l\r
three htmdrtxl and seventy-five Mmtot
be raised by an assessment of one-twelfth of one per cent
ou the value returned in said Digest, that they mar be an
thorued and emjwwered to increase the said rate tir cent
so much, and no further, as may he sufficient to raise the
nkt sunt of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dol
lar. a. aforesaid: no.-, therefore, for remedy whereof
Sucttox Ist. Be it enacted by Me Semite ami Uauee of
Repreee tiyitiree cf the State (f Georgai, in General .u.
eei.ibty met, and it ie berebi/enactal bt/ the authority ,
the Mine, That If, upon the return by the several Tax R«.
reiver, of this State, of their respective Digest-, contain
ing the property subject to taxation, and its value, in pur
suanee of the provisions as are contained iu the said act en
titled an set to levy and collect a tax for the political years
ISSS and ISS3. it .hall appear to his Kxcellency, the Gover
nor, and Comptroller General of this State, upon the exami
nation Slid footing up of the same, that the said sum of
three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollar., uceeesary
for the support of the Government of this State, for the
said political years, cannot bo raised by an assessment of
one-twelfth of one i>«r cent, on the aggregate value of all
the property as returned by said Digest, and subject to tax
ation, then, in such case, it shall and may be lawful for hi.
Kxeetleocy, the Governor and OoroptroUer General of thu
Piste, and they are hereby authorised to increas* the Mid
rate par cent, .jecified in said tax act, »o much, and no
more or further, than wilt be sufficient to rain; the said sum of
three hundred aud seventy-five thousand dollars, necessary
for the support of the Government of this State for each of
the political year, a# aforesaid : and thereupon forthwith
to issue an order to each of the tax collector* of this Bute,
requiring them, and each of them, to proceed and collect
and receive of and from each tax payer the amount of his
tax at and after the rate per cent, so increased, and neces
sary for the purposes aforesaid.
<S*c. 4. And btit/urther enacted by the aMorityafitrt
nai<l, That when the Ux collector of any county shall
hereafter issue an execution for taxes in arrear, the same
Shall be directed to all and singular the Bhcrilft aud con
stables of this Bute, and shall be levied by cither officer
when the Ux due does not exceed thirty dollar.; but
where the tax exceeds that sum, the execution shah be
levied by the Sheriff alone, and said officers shall be liable
to be proceeiled against by rule in their respective courts as
i. jtrescribed by law in relation to other executions.
Bnc.*. And bn U fiuiker enacted by the tnHhorityaJbre
mid. That all laws, or parts of laws, militating against
this act be, and the same are hereby repealed.
Approved January 41,1504.
AN ACT to require all Wills of pe | ' aou 4l property, to be ex
ecuted and proved in the same manner a. I. non- prerertb
ed by law, for the execution and proof of Devisee of real
estate.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Bouee of Retire
pntatlm (f the mte <f in General Amtnbty 1
r,tn,on “ K3«ty
rigfed by the party m willing and bequeathing the aatne, or
by some other person in hi- presence, and by hk exprvs di
rrcttocw. end .hall he attested and .übKrihed in ilTprra
enee of the said testator by three or four credible witn<U-‘
or else they .ball be utterly void mol of no .Sect
Bsc.Sh And beU/nrther enacted by the authority aAn-r
Th v 411 ,>»" 1 “« P«rt. of tows now of force in this
Bute,». applicaWe to the Revocation „ d, vW , e»-
(ate, .lull extend to Bills and testaments of penvul pro
pertv.
Bac.». And be tt farther enacted by the authority atbre-
Mid, That afi law. aud part, of las. nos- of tom In tin.
Bta,e. prer.rfbtng the inode of proof of devises of real esUte.
are hereby extended to Wifi, and testaments of personal
property. *
And he ii further enact**! by the authority afore
laid. That thii act shall uot b< conttruedl to extend to nun
cupative wills.
Mr/:. 5. A vd be it further enacted by the authority qfore
enid, llial as soon os thU act shall be p*»ed f it shail be the
duty of the Governor to cause the same to be published in
three or more of the public Gasette* of this State, at lea«t
once in every week until the firvt day of June next, and that
ail laws and parte of laws militating against the provision*
of thi* act, be and the aatne are hereby repealed.
Approved 21st January, 1862. teb 6, w j 1
AN ACT to provide for tli* Education of the Poor.
Bueno* L He it enacted, by the General A*»einWy of the
State (f (Georgia, That eighteen hundred and thirty-three
short** of the coital stock of the Hank of tlie Mute of Geor
gia, eight hundred aud ninety share* of the capital start of
the Rank of Augusta, and one hundred and eighty-six
•diarc* of the capital stock of the Georgia Rail Road and
Banking Company, all to this Mute, be hereby
set apart as a i#ennanent tend for the education of the jioor,
and the said fund shall be increased by so many shares of
the capital stork of either of said banks as can lx* j»ur
»• based with the unexpended balance, if there be any in
the Treasury, of the thirty thousand Dollars appropriated
to defray the expenses of the State Convention of 1850,
and with all the available awetn of the Central Bank, after
the payment of its debts, and the Treasurer of the Mute is
hereby required to make such purchase, iu wlioleor in part,
ac<*ording to the means at any time available therefor, and
the scrip of the Mtock* so belonging to the Mute, and is to
be purcha<*ed, shail be under the control and moiiagemenl
of the Treasurer for the purpose aforesaid.
S«c. 2. The income of the permanent fund aforesaid shad
la* divided yearly among those counties which may have at
the Treasury of this State by the fir-t of December, in each
year, lists of lh«ir poor children, in the manner hereinafter •
pointed out, the division to be in proportion to the number
of names on the rewpenivc Jtote and the quota of each
ronnty, lo I* paid to the school comiuissHMicr’s order under
the sen I of his office.
Mkc.B. The Ordinary of each county shall be ex ofticio
school commissioner thereof, and shall take an oath and en
ter into an obligation as part of his official bond as ordinary,
U> discharge all the duties of School Commissioner as pre
scribed by this act, and to faithfully apply all the money
which may oojne into his hands in that capacity: he shall
also h# entitled to retain as a compensation for Ids services
as such commissioner, two and one half per centum, upon
u 8 such monies as he may receive, aud the same per cen
tum ujMjn all such monies as he may pay out under the pro
visions of this act. Provided, That no provision of the
foregoing act shall repeal or militate against the provisions
of an act assented to the 24th December, 1847, prescribing
tlie mode of disbursing the Poor Hchool fuad, and the elec
tion of District Treasurers, entitled an act to amend au
act to provide for the education of the Poor, so far as the
counties of Lumpkin and Rabun are concerned.
Bkc. i. And he U further enacted. That all the duties
Imposed by the provisions of this act upon the Ordinaries
of each county, shall, in the county of Chatham, be dis
charged by the Justices of the Inferior Court, and the said
Justices are hereby authorized to appoint one or more fit
and pro|»er person, who shall act as Hchool Commissioner
or Commissioners for said county, aud who shall discharge
the duties imposed by this act, upon the select commissioner,
under such regulations as the naid Inferior Court may pre
scribe.
Hkc. ft. And be it further enacted, That the county of
Union lx* exempt from the provisions of this act, and that
the Poor School fund of said county, he disbursed under
the heretofore existing law. Provided, that said county is not
ta be excluded from the benefits of any tend raised under
this act.
Mec. ft. The duties of School commissioner in each county,
shall be the following: he shall levy and cause to l»e col
lected by the Tax Collector of the county, such tax as may
l>e recommended by the Grand Jury of the first Su|»erior
Court in each year, for the purpose of educating the poor,
aad shall take charge of the same when collected, lie
shall, each year, between the first of September and the first
of November, make and keep iu a book for that purpose, j
a list of nil such children in the county, between the ages of j
eight and sixteen years, an he may deem unable from the •
noverty of themselves nr parents, to procure a plain Eng.
lish Education, without public assistance; and to assist him j
in making such list, he nhall apj>oint two persons in each j
Hilitia District to give him information respecting the poor
children thereof, which persons, shall take an oath, in wri
ting, before the Ordinary, to faithfully discharge the duties
of their appointment, and to return only such children as
in their opinion are entitled to the benefit# of this act—he
shall, within the first week of November,each year, forward
one copy of said list for that year to the Treasurer of this
Mtate, and shall by the first of December, in each year, have
at the Mtate Treasury, liis order under the seal of his office,
for the quota of his county, in the Mtate dividend aforesaid,
—lie shall lay a copy of this list for the year next last, be
fore the Grand Jury of the firat court in each year, and shall
also lay before them his written estimate of what county tax
will he necessary to* secure the tuition of all such children
a" inay be entitled to lie placed on the list for the year then
prescat—he shall pay teachers of |»oor children in the fol
lowing manner, that ii to say : he shall keep on flic every
such account for the tuition of children ou the list for each
year as shall be rendered to him. on or before the 2fttli of
December, In that year, proven by the oath of the Teachers,
specifying the number of days each child was taught, not
exceeding the usual rates of nuch teachers, nor exceeding
such maximum as may he established by the Ordinary in
each county ; and after the 25th of December, he shall pro
ceed to pay all such accounts in full, if the tends in hand
be sufficient, or rateahly, if insufficient, and always keeping
as a fund for the next year, any surplus which may be left.
Htr. 7. The Judges of the Muperior Courts shall give this
art specially in charge to the grand juries of the first Courts
in each year, together with suggestions and arguments
upon the duty and policy of educating the poor. l*ro>ided,
that the returns of poor children iu the counties, embraced
in the third and fifth sections of this act, shall he made un
der the oath aud iu the manner prescribed in the sixth sec
tion; and ordinaries in said counties, shall be entitled to re
tain their commissions on the State fund received, but not
on its disbursement.
Mw\ h. All laws and parts of laws at all conflicting with
this act are hereby repealed
JAM. A. MERIWETHER,
Speaker of the House of Ueprcsentutiu'S.
ANDREW J. MILLER, ,
• President of the Senate.
Approved, 22d January, 1852.
IIOWELL COBB, Governor.
AN ACT for the relief of married women whose husbands !
have deserted them.
Mku. 1 . Be it enacted by the lSenate and Home of Rep- 1
reientaHces of the State <\f Georgia in General Axnanbly
convened, audit in hereby enacted by the authority qf
the name, That in all cases where a married woman has
been deserted by her husband, and has, while so deserted,
by her exertions and those of her children, or otherwise ac
quired property of any kind, tho same shall be exempt from
the payment of said husbands'* debts, and be vested in said
married woman, for her sole and separate use, not subject I
to the debts, contracts or control of said husband.
Approved December 80,1851. i
AN ACT to amend the act of eighteen hundred and thirty
eight. regulating the taking testimony in certain cases.
1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House qf Hep
nuentatires qf the State of Georgia in General Assembly
met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the
same, That in addition to the eases already sjtccificd in the
act assented to twenty-eighth December, eighteen hundred
and thirty-eight, the party plaintiff or defendant, where he
has but a single witness to prove any particular i>oiiit or
fact in his case, may take his testimony by commission ex
actly as in cases provided for by said act of eighteen huu
dred and thirty-eight, with the restrictions and limitations
therein set forth.
January ft, 1852.
FfifTEBN DOLLARS REWARD^
RAN A WAY from my premises in Burke county,
on the 25th January last, my Boy HENRY. He
is about ft feet >5 inches high, yellow complexion, about
20 years of age, and weighs about 17ft pounds. It is
likely he is lurking about or on the Huvatinah river, as he
h.;s been a raft hand on said river. I will give sls for the
boy, delivered to me, or lodged in any safe jail so 1 can get
him. Or if snlil boy has a free pass, I will give the above
reward, for sufficient proof to convict the person for giving
said pass.
Any Information of said hoy, addressed to Gerard Post
Office, will be thankfully received.
_ _ J. R. MOBLEY.
STOP THE VILLAIN.
HA. YAW AY from the subscriber, on the 6th **
1 inst., (alter having knocked his young master
down with an axe, fracturing his skull considerably,
and leaving him, as he supposed, dead) a bright mu- —*-!Y
latto (nearly white) Boy, about 21 years old, named HEN
RY, chunky built, about 5 feet S inches high, with light
sandy ar brown hair, rather coarse and bushy, and inclined
to curl n little, gray eyes, cheeks frequently flush, and is
much given to smoking; has on his left hand, just where
the forefinger leaves it, a large scar from a knife; his left
leg, also, has a large scar from a bum, the leader of the
ham having been considerably drawn, so that the left leg
m a little more crooked than the other. Both legs are in
clined to knock-knee. He is of a lively turn, and can do a
little at dressing plank and putting up weatherboarding,
and may attempt to pass himself as a carpenter, and will,
no doubt, try to pass as a white or free man, under the
name of MATHEWS. It is confidently hoped and believed
that the public, and especially every father, will take some
Interest iu apprehending aud bringing to justice so daring
A lSjeral compensation will be given for his apprehen
sion and delivery in any jail so that t get him.
PITT S. MILNER.
Barnesville, Feb. Ift, 1858. Ic2o-ftm
Tri -weekly Savannah Republican aud Colum
bus Enquirer will please copy for two months. P. S. M.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
R ANA WAY from the Subscriber, the 15th of
September, 1851, my Negro Man, 11EARCLE3.
He is about 5 feet, 10 or 11 inches high, slim, well
made, and stands very erect. He is about 45 years
of age, moderately grey, and his completion extremely
black. Supposed to weigh abrffit lfift pounds, and hi* lan
guage much broken. 1 expect he is Charleston, S. C., or
near by. He formerly had a wife and seven children in the
neighborhood of Charleston.
1 will give the above reward for the apprehension and
confinement of said Boy iu some safe jail, if out of the State,
or Twenty-five Dollars if within the State.
Address, ISAAC D. SLATON,
fu 18-2 in Millstone, Georgia.
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD.
]) Aft VB AY, from the subscriber, in Columbia mj,
IV foimty, OH the Bth inst., a Mulatto Boy turned UP
.lEHB. Tie is about 80 years old, 6 foet 8 or 10 inches
high, weighing about KV» or 160 pounds, very grey JkL
for hi* age, but persons would hardly notice it without be
ing particular; one of hit thumbs has keen sprained, and
lias a pretty large knot upon it; he is bushy headed, full
over the eyes, tolerably quick spoken, a negro with good
sense, a tolerable good plantation smith, aud a handy ne
gro with tools of auy kind about a plantation. These are
the only marks recollected.
The above reward will be given to any person who will
apprehend and deliver said bov to me, or will lodge him in
some safe jail in the State of Georgia or South Carolina, so
that 1 can get him.
Address JOHN BOYD,
inhll-wtf Eubanks F. 0., Columbia county, Ga.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.’
RAX AW AY from me, on tbs l&th of Mnrvh, mj mj
Negro uian 9AM, lUackrmith by trade. He is
very dark complected, bad countenance, inclined to rjk
stutter a little, weighs about lf>o or It>o pounds, «YL
chunky built, about S feet sor 6 inches high, and about 80
years old. 1 expect he is trying to get to Virginia, where
he was raised. I will gire tho above reward to any person
who will lodge him in any jail so I can get hint.
mhSO-lm JOHN ATTAWAY, Burke Co., Ga.
CARRIAGE MAKERS WANTED.
A GOOD BODY M AKRR anda good Carriajte Trim
mer can find constant employment and good wages,
by applying to BUNN A POYTHRKSS,
mhaO wS* Lati range. Oa.
DISSOLUTION OF COPARTNERSHIP.
Till! COPARTXKKtsHIP heretofore cxiatifcg under
the firm of KERRS * HOrK, in this City, and of
KKRRS, HOPE A CO., in New York, has been dissolved by
the death of ANDREW KERR, and by mutual oonsent of
the surviving partners. The tontines* of the Copartnership
will be settled by either of the subscribers, who will sign tho
name es the 6rm in linuidation. JOHN KERR,
JAMES HOPE,
JOHN nOPE,
___ Survivors.
war - Notice is given, that debts due KERRS A HOPE,
P»*d. or satiafacturily arranged during the present
z£y** ; »>u»t necessarily, and without any exception, be
put ut cm. myl7-dfttwßm
OLENDIHinHG * COS
WORKS, Broadstroet, Augusta, Georgia,
large itock If <> l > ll * od * nd wiu continue to keep a
SssassfS.=Sß«=
r»n h* temi«ti»wi K)wu ***** of the same quality
Mates. Plan. prfoS^ffibe*^^' meul '»United
aud examine for thLwlrln ** at tiloM wh » *•“**
and ifoepatcto” frOW * he cwultr T executed with orators.
PHILIP A. ItOIBE.
t IMPORTER AND DEALER IN
DRUGS and MEDICINES, PAINTS Oliu
DYE STUFFS, WINDOW GLASS, BRUSH' W
ES, PERFUMERY PATENT MEDICINES, Ol
Jkc., kc.
Xo. 195 Brand Srect, August.,, Georgia,
Has uow on hand a very large Stork of the above artirlr.
which are offered for rale at very Jow pr«',
mud.it mg terms.
ISr Country Merchants, Riysicians and Planters ar*
irn ted to cal and examine, before purchasing elsewhere.
ihunMuim
THK I XDKHSIGXKD are now selling off their Stork
of GOODS, in Crawfordrilie and Hberton, at Coat and
will give bargains to all who Call. They also offer their
REAL ESTATE in each of the above Villages for Sole.
They offer, in Hberton, the well known TAVERN lot, for
merly owned by Mrs. Oliver. They also request all those
who are indebted to them, to can end rattle inunedieteiy, or
they will find their notea and account* in the handa of an
Attorney for collection, SLOMAN, HENRY A 00.
ja49-wßtn
1852. PROSPECTUS 1852.
or THE
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR
VOLUME X, FOR 3852.
Dr. DAIfIEL LEE, TD. REDHOSD.
Kmtob. | Amktaxt Edttoe.
TERMS —ONE DOLLAR A TEAR IN ADVANCE.
Tut Sot thkbs Cultivator i* i.tsncd .very month,
and i- exclu.ivelj devoted to Agriculture, Horti
culture. HorW iilturc, Domestic and Farm Economy,
Tillage and Hu-tbandrr, the Bret-din? and Raising
of Domestic Animal*. Poultry and Been, and the
general routine of Southern iTanting and Farming.
The new volume for 185a, will be issued on a rovid
oetavo sheet of 84 with NEW TYPE, FlfiE
PAPER, AN I* BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS!
It will contain a much greater amount of mattsr
than heretofore —will diacusa a (treater variety of
topics, ami will he in every resjtect tub bkot Agm
crLTittAL Psptit is tub Soitb .' and equal to any in
the Union!
Friends of Southern Agrirnltnre!!
As the Cultivator was the Fibht journal estahliahed
in the Cotton ({rowing States, exclusively devoted
to the interests of the Planter; and as it has ever
been an earnest and consistent advocate of those
interests, we confidently hope tliat. having fostered
and sustained it thus tar. vour cordial and generous
support will still l>e continued.
PLAVTKBS, FAItHKBH, CtAKIWNKRS, Fr.riT G BOWERS,
Stock Raiseba, NtMEimrEx, and all connected in
any way with the cultivation of the soil, will dad the
Southern Ci ltivator replete with new and valua
ble information; and richly worth ten times tha
rifling stun at which it is a’fibrdcd.
TERMS OF THE CULTIVATOR :
ONE copy, one year, ::::::: * ].oo
SIX copies, 5/8)
TWELVE copies, 10.00
I TW KNTY-Fl V E copies, $40.00
FIFTY copies, : ; ; 87.50
ONE HUNDREDcopies, :::::: 76.00
ALWAYS IN ADVANCE.
Gentlemen who obtain subscriptions, will
please forward them as early as possible,
bills ofsPCCIE paying Ranks received at
par—and all money sent by mail will be at our
risa.
W. S. JONES, Publisher.
Augusta, Gh., January 1,1852.
THE REMEDY FOUND AT taut
liRlnil'IIAST fcLCCIiSjSi has Attended the UM of
that wonderful Ointment MARSHALL’S MAGICAL
PAIN F.RADICATOH. Every body that lias used it, speaks
well of it, and wlmt “ every body says must he true.”
Since the first of January last, upwards of ”00 Certifi
cates have been received, testifying to the good effect, aid
Superiority of Marshall's Magical Pain Kradkator.
In some very few instances this preparation has not given
entire satisfaction, but just look, for a moment, at the number
who have been hem fitted. Seven hundred voluntary tes
timonials have been given, and certainly not less than five
times this number have experienced the good effects of this
Ointment, in the same space of time.
The public will please hear in mind that this is a purely
Southern preparation, and is entitled to the patronag. of
Southern 1 ample. As no charge is made, should no be
nefit be received, give it a fair trial, and in ninety eases
out of a hundred the greatest success will he sure to follow.
For further particulars, and a number of certificates, you
arc referred to the pamphlets, to be had at any of tk.
Agencies.
The diseases which Marshall's Kradkator will cure, are
Rheumatism, Acute and Chronic, Lumbago, Painful Nerves,
Bcrufula, Bpinal Affections, Dislocations, .Sprains, (Edematous
.dwellings, Tumors, Ganglions, Nodes, Mens, Hrulses, Strains,
M'eak Joint., Contracted Tendons, Head-Ache, Gout, Palsy,
Tooth-Arli, Ac. For sale bv
HAVILAND, HIBLEY A Co., Augusta, Oa.
D. 11. PLUMB A Co., d». do.
D’ANTIGNAC A BAIIIiY, do. do.
LAURETTA CAIITEIt do. do.
M M. K. KITCHEN, .10, do.
M". If. TITT, do. do.
P. A. MOISE, do. do.
And by W. 11. AJ. TURPIN Proprietors, do. do.
It is also for sale throughout the Stale, by the principal
Druggists.
N. ii.—He careful to look for the written signature of J
E. Marshall ou the wrapper of each box. None is genuine
without it. , 0 26
ET u »*«! « * AS! UUXf!
On Mclntoeh etreet, Ucv doors from Georgia Railroad
Bank-.
JUST RECEIVED, per steamer Africa, the largest j
and best assortment of ENGLISH GUNS erer offer
ed in this city, comprising every variety, from London and
Birmingham makers, at the lowest rates for cash.
Double and Single Barrelled (iI NS, all sizes and prices.
A fine assortment of .Single and Double Barrelled GUNS
for boy*.
RIFLKft and Double GUNS, of my own make, one barrel
Rifle and the other sfliot, a fine article for hunting dear and
Turtles.
Colts’, Allen’s, and other RK VOL VERS; also Single bar
relled, Self Cocking and Rifle PISTOLS, cast steel barrels.
Common Pistols, all kinds ; Percussion CAP?*, of Wester
ly Richard’s, Cox’s water proor, Walker's and G. 1). French,
and Military Caps.
A great variety of Powder FLASKS, Shot BELTS, and
Game BAGS, of tha finest Patterns.
Also, Wash Rods, Drinking Flasks and Cups, Nipple
Wrenches, Pocket Compasses, Screw Drivers, fine large
hunting Horns, and everything in the Sporting line.
Being a practical Gun Maker myself, and haring those
guns made to my order, expressly for this market, persons
buying will get a much better articles than is sold at the Hard
ware Stores, and at equally low prices, and all warrant
ed to shoot well.
Powder and Shot, Wholesale and Retail, all varieties.
N. B.—RIFLES made to order, and all kinds of Repair
ing and rc-stocking GUNS, done in the best manner and
warranted. 010-ly E. H. ROGERS.
REUBEN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE VENT WA
TER WHEEL.
CAITIO\.« Having been informed that a certain per
son named Rkkd, is vending a Water Wheel upon
which the water is conducted by means of a spirial scroll, as
upon Reuben Rich's “Patent Centre Vent,*’ we hereby notify
and caution the public, thatwve will prosecute, in all in
stances, for any evasion or infringement upou said patent,
both the maker and party using, and will be thankful for
any information referring us to parties thus trespassing.
GIN DRAT A CO.
Montgomery, Ala., June 11, 1850. jc2l-tf
A GOOD CHANCE FOR A YOfJNG PHYSI
CIAN.
A PHYHIPIAI' wishing to relinquish the Practice, on
J.\. account of ill health, will dispose of his Location a
great bargain.
There are five acres of Ground, Dwelling House, Office
and Shop, Kitchen, Smoke-house, Carriage-house, Stable,
Negro House, Ac., Au
A Rail Road Agency is attached, which pays from one
hundred and fifty to two hundred dollars per annum, be
sides a free ride on the Western and Atlantic and Georgia
Kail Hoads. The buildings are new.
The practice is worth from $1,200 to $1,500 per annum.
For full particulars enquire of J. J. PEARCE, Esq., Com
mission Merchant, Augusta, cither personally or by letter.
Pfice of the above $1,500. fe24-wim*
THE MONTGOMERY MANUFACTURING COM
PANY'S IRON WORKS.
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA.
MAXI. FACT! RE, in superior style, Horizontal and
Upright STEAM ENGINES, of all sizes; Steam
BOILERS; LOCOMOTIVES ; Cast Iron WATER WHEELS;
Sugar MILLS ; Saw and Grist Mill IRONS, of every varie
ty, (including Hoxie'scontinuous feet for Saw Mills;) En
gine and Hand LATHES; Iron and Brass CASTINGS, of all
kinds, Ac., Ac.
All orders filled with despatch.
GINDRAT A CO.
IMPORTANT TO MILL OWNERS AND MANU
FACTURKRS.
Unrivalled Tinprorcment in Water Wheel*.
TIIE USER I BERK arc sole agents for making and
vending the best Water Wheel in the world, known as
Yandcwatcr's Water Wheal. We challenge the World to
produce its equal. It has but recently been introduced to
the public, and found to be far in advance of all other
wheels, both in power and economy in water, evtry drop be
ing effective, and none wasted. This Wheel is not in tha
least affected by back water. As we prefer them being
placed below tail water in every instance, consequently we
get every inch of head ; they being entirely of cast iron,
simple of construction, are not liable to get out of order,
and arc more durable than any wheel now in use. We
have recently put one in operation for George Schley,
Esq., at his Relvitle cotton factory, to whom we would give
reference. See certificate annexed.
All orders for Wheels or Territorial Rights, will meet with
attention by addressing the subscribers.
JAGGER, TREADWELL A PERRY.
_ ... „ Albany, New York.
Or to their Agent, J. J. Kiibk, Augusta.
[CRRTIFICATK.]
Augusta, Ga., March 94,1861.
Jaggcr, Treadwell A Perry—Gentlemen I hare the
gratification of informing you that your Van dewater Wheel
was successfully put in operation at my factory last week,
and it worked to perfection. Its simplicity, durability, and
uniformity of speed, arc recommendations alone ; but above
all, its highest encomium is the small quantity of water it
takes as compared with other wheels. I have been using
one of Reuben Rich's Centre Vent Wheels, of three feet
and a half diameter, and eleven inch bucket, the discharge
o|*ningg measuring 400 inches. I displaced that and put
in one of yours of six feet diameter, with discharge open
ings measuring 270 inches, and your wheel run the same
amount of machinery that the Rich Wheel had driven, and
there was a difference in favor of yours of eight inches in
the depth of water in the tail race. I feel no hesitation in
recommending your wheel to all manufacturers aud mill
owners, believing it is the greatest wheel of the age. Wish
ing you success in the introducton of so valuable an im
provement, I main,lvory respectfully', yonrs, Ac.
mhM-wly GEORGE SCHLEY.
COSBY'S \NTI DYSPEPTIC BITTERS.
PERHAPS there is nothing more calculated to disgust
the public eye than the innumerable advertisements of
the nostrums that are constantly appearing in the public
prints. All arc ready to exclaim, Our souls are sick, our
ears are pained with every days reports of ills and speci
fic’s. This state of the public mind would seem to forbid any
person of delicate mind from sending forth any new dis
coveries in medicine to the trial of the public: still motives
of delicacy should not prevent us front making known real
discoveries, which wc are confident will benefit our fellow
men. This latter consideration lias prompted the author of
these Bitters to make them known, lie knows they are
highly efficacious, for he himself, his wife, and many friends
have given them a thorough trial. He was, for many years,
a confirmed dyspeptic—so much so that even his recollec
tion was gone, but by the use of those Bitters he has been
restored to perfect health. This has been the case with
many of his friends. The proprietor, in sending forth this
advertisement, addresses those who know him. He has
been, for many years, a resident of Augusta, but at this
time of Hamburg, P. C.,at which place he can, at any time,
be consulted about the Bitters. They are good in all case*
of diseases of the digestive organs, the symptoms of wlficb
are, indigestion, paijf or oppression in the stomach from
food, km of appetite, flatulency, heart burn, giddiness in
the head, tain in the side, shortness of breath, lassitude,
general weakness, disturbed sleep, Ac. The composition is
entirely Botanical, and has proved efficacious, where many
celebrated medicines had failed; in support of which ha
could give reference to a number of i>erson*. who have
made a trial of it, but deems it unnecessary, as he is willing
to place it on its own merits. All lie asks is for those who
are afflicted with dyspepsia to give it a trial.
The above Bitters can be had at O. COSBY’S Hamburg,
9. C., and at Dr. 11M. 11. TLTT'S Drug Store, Broad street,
Augusta. frJO
*looorewaed;
Dr. heater*** celebrated specific, for
the cure of Gonorrhtea, Strictures, Gleet and Anala
gous Complaints of the Organs of Generation.
pT Os all remedies yet discovered for the above com
plaints this is the most certain,
fgr’ It makes a speedy ami permanent cur*? without re
t riot ion to diet, drink, exposure, or change of application
to laisiness.
IST It is perfectly harmless. Gallons of it might be
taken without injuring the patient.
|W° It is put up iu bottles, with full directions accompa
nying it, so that persons can cure themselves without re
sorting to physicians or others for advice.
One hot tie is enough to perform a certain cure. Trice ft.
w Ii is approved and recommended by the Royal Col
lege of Physician- and Surgeons of London, and baa their
certificate enclosed.
fSP- It is sokl by appointment at No. 195 Metcalf
Range. Broad street. iyfi-wlm
rn DOLLARS BKH ARO inn be pud fcr the re-
OU covery of a package of MONEY loot or stolen from
me on Friday evening, the 90th inst., at tlie Double Wells,
Warren comity, Georgia. Said package contained $075 95,
all on the Brainsick Hank, in bills of ft’s, 10> and 30‘.., pos
ably one 50. Also, bill of salt of twenty odd bales of Cot
ton, and bill for Groceries, bought of Buford, Beall k Co.
Address B. W. FOKTSON.
fe2s-w5 Pistol Creek, Wilke* Co., Ga. _
IMPORTANT TO MANUFACTURERS.
rIE SI BM'RIBERS are prepared to supply all
kinds or
COTTON AND WOOLEN MACHINERY,
of a superior quality, SHAFTING and MIIX GEARING,
with improved Coupling and Pulleys, Self-Oiling Hangers
(which require oiling only once in three months); LOOMS,
of a great variety of Patterns, for Fancy and Twilled Goods,
from One to Eighteen Shuttles: also, for Plain Goods, capa
ble of running from 150 to 170 picks per minute.
They are enabled, from their extensive improvements, to
produce YARNS and GOODS, with comparatirely little
labor; and all Manufacturers, before purchasing their Ma
chinery, will do well to visit Philadelphia and Ticinity,
where they can sec the Machinery with all the latest im
provements, in full and successful operation; or they can
be referred to Factories in almost every State South and
West, by addressing a line to the Subscribers.
ALFRED JENKS A SON,
Feb. ISSJ. fcls-ly Bridcsburg, near Philadelphia.
N. B. Plans of Factories, with the location of Machinery,
the simplest method of driving, and calculation of speed,
furnished free of charge. wly
BOLTING CLOTHS, of warranted quahty, furnished
and put up in botte to order.
Mm Stone Plaster, prepared for backing Mill Stones, cheap
and of the beet quality, lot saie by
WM. R, SCHIRMER.
Jalß wtf Augusts, Oa. •
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24, 1852
W EEKLY
CHRONICLE k SENTINEL
POETRY*
Written for the Ragle and Bnquirer.
THE MACSOLBUM.
BY L. TUGUnA SMITH.
“From memory's sbambers the forma of the Past,
The joyi my childhood rush by sn the blast,
And the lost me whose beauty 1 used to adore,
To my heart seems to murmur,—no more,—never more!”
Midnighta pilgrim spirit stands alone
In Memory's lemj4c. \ ague and shadowy
O’er ruined shrine, and altar, shines the star
Os Destiny, revealing mournfully
Fair, faded treasures which the heart has strive*
To rescue from decay. Gray-tinted dreams
Which erst like glory-blasened banners waved
( pen the winds of morning, mouldering hang
From the far dusky dome remembrances,
In faint and fitful breezes, shudder through
The hollow-sounding aisles. No solitnde
Is drear as that where sighc a wailing wind
No heart so lone os that whose hidden vaults
Are haunted by a moaning memory !
The bell atrikes one’tia like the ghestly cry
Os the wild, warning Banshee. Dewn the aisles
Deep strewn with dying roses, broken gem-,
And sullied plumes, the pallid spirit glides.
Its star of Destiny is veiled and dim ;
The sad breeze chills it, and the banner-dream*
With mildew dropping downward, strike its hrow
Like the dark horror the bate black wing
In some cold cavern. Still it falter* not;
Till kneeling by a tomb, with drooping plumes,
From its pale parted lips steals forth a dr als
Os mourning melody, like juried love's
Low-ehanted miserere.
“ Far away.
Upon a distant shore, thine early grave
Was hollowed by fthe strangerelose and still
The damp mould wraps thee, and the moonbeams lie '
All tenderly upon It, like ths was
White hand of Silence. Here, one year age
To-night, and thou wert laid to rest beneath
This mausoleum lone ; and I hare watched
K-ach passing day, as sands es Time, that fell
In tby deep sepulchre, like icy clods
Upon the coffin-lid. Pale Memory
And paler Pity strsw thy tomb with flewers,
And weep above thee, though the phantoms dire
Os sin, and aliarne, and sorrow darkly cower
Beside the monument.
Ah ! thine was not
The Jove that from the holy vesper-star
Steals in a silvery shadow seftly down
To the white lily’s bosom; nor the wind
That Mghtly dallies with the violet;
Nor yet the bee at noontide slumbering
In the sun-folded tulip's honied heart.
’Two* passion—and it sank into ray seul,
At strikes the lightning-flash into the ware,
And turns the common pebbles in its deeps
To molten jewels yet it was a flame
That burned in water, where it eeuld not wake
Rnurning flame. ’Twas lightning—and he home
Was in the cloud and tempest;—o’er the stream
Os my »w©et childhood gloomily it hung
As shadows from a fallen angels wing,
And waves that canght the fiercely he&utifsl
Reflection, trembled to their seeret springs.
That proud, dark pinion came between my soul
And Heaven, —shut out the sun,—the earth and all
Save the wild lustre es thy burning eye
Full of streDg witchery, like wandering fire
Far-shining down a fathomless abyss
In which we long to plunge—then turn away
Heart-sick, and shuddering at the fearful spell.
Yet oft my spirit gazing on thy proud
And glorious beauty, asked of holy Heaven
What great good it had done, Diat it should be
Blest with a love like thine ? ’Twas mockery a*—
A cold and cunning curse;—for till my heart
Could brave the wrath of an offended Ged,
It might not dare to love thee !
So thy lift
lias perished like a bold, free mountain stream,
O’envhelmed by lava-torrents pouring forth
From the volcanic heart,—all blackened now—
All dust and aslies. Living, I wan made
To dread thee deeply—dead, I pitty thee
And weep thy melancholy destiny.
Thou gav’st the mind its gems ; the folded heart
Its budding hlosaoins, and the soul its wings
Os lofty aspiratien ;—they have shone,
And bloomed, and soared, bnt not for thee tfaev lie
Strewn on the world’s eold altars, and around
Thy colder sepulchre, within the sane
Os >Jymory!”
Scientific.
Geology and the Bibi.k.—Professor Silliman in
one of his recent lectures oil Geology, sums up his
argument to prove that there is no discrepancy
between the Mosaic history of the Creation nnd the
revelations of Geology.
In conclusion it was stated, decidedly, that there
is no conflict between geology and the scripture
history. The case is widely different from that of
astronomy, more than two hundred years ago,
which was condemned as heretical, because the
scriptures, described tbo appearance* of the heavens
only, which were all tluit in general mankind
could he acquainted with.
Rut in the case of geology there is not even a
literal discrcpeuey. On the contrary, all the geo
logical formations correspond in the'order of time,
and, as far as they are describod in the scriptures,
with the nature of the deposits, especially in the
succession of created beings endowed with life, and
man in both systems crowns, the whole.
The only change required is enteusion of time,
so as to afford enough to allow the evonts to happen
by natural laws, established by the Creator, and
expressive of liis will, which is thus distinctly re
corded in the earth itself. “ The beginning" is not
limited in time, and may extend as far back as the
case may require ; thus providing for all the early
formations.
The periods called days arc not necessarily such
ns we now denote by tliat word. There could be
no regulation and division of time, as we now have
it, until the sun was sot to rule the day. Morning
and evening may he, before Hint time, figurative
expressions, denoting merely beginning and end
ing, as we say the morning and evening of life.
The word day is used, ixi this short narrative, in all
the senses in which it in ever employed in language ;
and significantly ill tbo recapitulation or summary;
in the beginning of The second chapter, day Is
used for the whole! peieiod of the creation, and in
the same sense in varuous other parts of the scrip
tures.
The periods required for all the amazing scrios of
events recorded in the earth are necessarily long;
and if time was measured by natural days in the
fifth and sixth .periods, during the creation and
sepulture of innumborablc races of marine and tcr
restinl animals, there must lrnvo boon a repetition
of very many of those davs to make out a long
epoch, which might as well be regarded at once as
a period of sufficient length for the work.
The Sabbath stands by itself, after the work is
finished, a moral institution, having no necessary
connection with the preeding physical events. By
it man is every week reminded of his Maker and
liis destination, and although neither morning nor
evening are in the Genesis named in connection
with the Sabbath, it has no doubt always been of
the same length as now, and docs not belong to the
geological epochs.
1 f this view is not acceptable, it is still indispen
sable, that in sonic way the time should be found,
and no person folly acquainted with the structure
of the earth can doubt that the time was very long,
and no other person can bo admitted as qiuilified
to judge in the case. There is no reason to believe
that man has been in tlic world more than Six thou
sand years and the antiquity of the planet refers
to ages before man was created. The allusion in
tiro commandments and in other parts of the scrip
tures to the six days would of eourso bo made in
conformity with the language adopted in the nar
rative, which, being for the mass of mankind, was
necessarily a popular history, although of divine
origin; and the historian adopted a division of
time that was in general use, although as to lial f
the time, at least, it was inconsistent with nstromi
eal laws. Extension of the time to such a length
as to cover the events by the operation of physical
laws removes every difficulty, interferes with no
doctrine of religion, and prepares 11s to exclaim
with our divine poets—
These are thy filorious works, Parent of Good:
Almighty! thine this universal frame.
Thus wondrous fair: Thyself how wondrous, then,
Unspeakable, who sits above the heavens,
To us invisible, or dimly seen in these thy lower works.
Yet these declare thy goodness beyond thought,
And power divine.— Milton.
Thou giv’at its lustre lo an insect’s wing.
And wheel'st thy throne upon the rolling worlds.
From thee is all that cheers the life of man,
His high endearor and his glad success—
liis power to suffer and his will to serve:
But oh! thou bounteous giver of all good.
Thou art of all thy gifts thyself the crown.
Give what thou ranst; without thee we are poor—
And with thee rich, take what thou wilt away.
[Cooper.
Water.— On* of the member* of the French
Academy of Science haa been recently giving a
course of lectures upon public health, which have
been largely attended. The last leeture treated of
the relation between water and the health of the
inhabitaute of any locality. The Paris correspon
dent of the Washington Republic givea the follow
ing abstract of the lecture:
Water, as every one knows, exists in the air, and
it is its presonee in tbo air which renders it respira
blo. Ordinarily iuvieible, it manifests itself in the
form of rain, hiul, snow, and fog. When it foils in
drops or globules it is never pure, for it catches
ami brings to the earth with a portion of the or
ganic and inorganic bodies contained in the air.
Tims, rain falling in the vicinity of the sea con
tains, though in very small quantities, all the sub
stances found in sea-water itself. Drinking water
contains about 14,0o0ths of its own volume of air.
Such is the case with the water of the Seine, one
of the rnoet remarkable rivers for its salubrity.
It also contains five or six thousandths of its own
volume of carbonic acid gas. This gas is very
favorable to health, and is usually found in natural
water, in the proportion of live to the thousand.
There are in all waters certain organic bodies
which exercise an unfavorable influence upon
health. There are others whose absence from water
would be injurious, if not dangerous. Os the lat
ter, bromc and iodine are the most important. It
is now well known to chemists tliat when water,
used for drinking, is destitute of brome and iodine,
the population that uses it degenerates and becomes
idiotic. After having been disfigured by the af
fection called goitre, water that is too pure, such ms
that obtained by the melting of snow, is certain to
give this disease to those who habitually use it.
From these facts, the necessity of understanding
beforehand the qualities of the water of a locality
may be easily seen. Evaporation and examination
of the reeidutn are the usual means of testing the
quality ot water. When this amounts to a thou
sandth of the weight of the water evaporated, the
water is nnhealthly; and in the neighborhood of
Paris well water is entirelv undrinkable. But the
reaidum resulting from the evaporation of Seine
water does not reach the twenty-five hundred thou
sandth part of its weight. The water of the Gar
roune is said to be even more salubrious than that
of the Seine.
Towards the close of the lecture," M. Payen
touched upon the property of water to form incrus
tations in the boilers of steam engines. This is
caused by the sulpliate of lime contained in the wa
ter, which condenses upon the metal. The result
is a tenfold increase of neat and steam. The pres
sure becomes irresistible, and the boiler bursts.
But many methods of preventing this formation
have been discovered. The most efficacious con
sists in determining in the generator a deposit of
sulphate of baryte. Bran, svrup of fecula, saw
dust, carbonate "of soda, carbonate of potash, may
also may, be (advantageously employod. Potatoes
have the same effect. They, like the substances
just mentioned, render the" water to a certain de
gree, soapy or foamy. The solid deposits beeome
too slippery to adhere to each other, or to the sides
of the vessel. The first employment of the potato
for this purpose was wade by accident, in an En
glish machine shop. An engineer, after having
scraped the incrustation from hia boiler one Sun
day morning, in preparation lor the wcek’awork
placed in it to boil about a half-peck jolatoee.
Being called away, however, ha forgot them and
left them in the boder until the next Sunday. On
setting to work to remove the usual incrustation,
he discovered that none whatever had been depos
ited. The half-peck of potatoes was the worker of
this marvel, anu tt present in all civilized kitchens
the potato* is tba greater cleanser of the tea-kettles
and other boiling apparatus. But lam afraid that
it would never do as a disincrustator of the boiler*
of ocean steamer*. Mr. Collins would be obliged
to charter the Emerald Isle, and make it into ods
monstrous potato patch, if he wants to keep hi*
copper* dean with tnat farinaceous vegetable,
MISCELLANY.
. From the Andtreon Gazette.
I* VIR GINI ALTON.
BT AfSTRINrs.
CHAPTER I.
‘-Who rliall tear the veil teat- .
Before the abyss of thing* to be !”
Prior to the time of our ever-memorable Ecvo
lntiou, the '‘hill country” of the Tugalo was one
vast -wilderness. The low moan of the wild eat,
the deceptive, ehild-like cry of the panther, or per
•> chance the shrill war-whoop of tlie Indian alone
startled the gentle doves and timid fawns of that
elyaian clime. But a settlement of the pale-faces
made on the banks of the Translucent Tuealo, di
rectly after the acknowledgment of our Indepen
dence by Great Britain, soon pvt signs of coming
civilization with its inseparable concomitants of
toil and strife, ease, elegance and splendor—‘‘the
pomp and circumstance of glorions war.” The ire
and jealousy ot the red men were instantly arous
ed against the little colony and without cause what
ever, save the mere presence of the whites, who
were putting the lands to better use than reserving
them for hunting grounds. Tis true, the Clicro
kccs were ever on terms of friendship with their
white neighbors, who had come to make the “wil
derness blossom like the rose and so were the
Creek Indians, as a nation, on a friendly footing
with them until the war of 1817. But straggling
hands of the restless young warriors, kept the set
tlers in a state of constant dread and alarm for a
scries of years after their establishment in the
country. An unhallowed thirst for blood aud
Elundc’r seemed to be the only incentive to those
ostile incursions, as the whites were content with
tilling the virgin soil, and never interfered with
the wild habits of “the stoic of the woods.” And
their depredations were generally committed with
, impunity ; for the Savage invariably fled to Flori
da, where they were harbored and encouraged by
the Spaniards. (Hence the good policy of that
treuty, by which the whole of Florida was ceded
to the United States, in IBIS, under the Adminis
tration of President Monroe.) About the year
1788, a strong block house was erected on tlie mar
gin of the Tugalo, a few miles above its junction
with the Chauga, wither all the pioneers might flee
ns to a city of refuge, and find ample protection
against the predatory invasions of the Indians.
Thus much for the general history of our story ;
come wo now to the particular incidents in Virgin
ia Walton's eventful life.
Before the block-house was qu’.to complote, it
was filled well nigh to sutfocution, by the sudden
disappearance of aome horses and cattle; for the
people inferred from this circumstance that tlie
wily foe was lurking in tlie neighborhood. George
Blair was the only man iu the country, who had
the hardihood, in those troublesome times, to re
main at his own house during the night—that
season, when assassing, murderers, and beasts of
prey go forth to shed tho blood of their sleeping
victims. The wife of this bold pioneer was the
twin sister of Virginia Waltons mother: the
sisters had been bound to each other in th* closest
tics of affection, but by the death of the latter,
some years previous to the period at which’our
story opens, the mantle of her love lmd fallen upon
Virginia, who now clung to her aunt, with the in
stinctive fondness of an orphan. On tho first in
dication of danger. Major Walton had removed
his daughter from her aunt’s house to the “Tugalo
Station.” For several days after coming thither,
it was observed that Virginia was exceedingly sad
and reserved—her aunt was in danger. A plan
for inducing her uncle to fly with his family to a
place of greater security than his own frail dwell
ing, was soon matured. ~ She determined to visit
his house in person, aud try the effect of her own
sweet eloquence on liis obstinacy and temerity. A
cousin of lid's—a scholar, a baehalor and a gentle
man of the old school—consented to go with her.
As the monomania, or rather this
antiquated spark, was fear of Indians. Major
Walton knew he would return ere nightfall, and
did not, therefore, object to his daughter leaving
tlio block house. But. just here, we ask leave
to break the thread of the narrative with an epi
sode.
It hath always been tlio fashion with writers of
romance to give a description of their heroes and
heroines. If tradition crrctli not, our heroine wus
one of the most beautiful and lovely creatures
that ever mortal eyes beheld. Would, dear read
er, would that wo could give thee a true idea of
Virginia Walton’s peerless beauty—of that youth
ful form, so matchless in its physical proportions,
and so queenly in its dignity and grace—of tliat
brow, "so lovely fair,” and so indicative of in
tellect—of those eyes, so blue, soft and lustrous—
tlie very stars of love ! And thou, her stores of
knowledge were wonderful for one of her age;
her words were like “apples of gold in pictures of
silver," and her voice outvied in its silvery sweet
noss. the entrancing tones of “bright Apnolo’s
lute." Like al! other girls both homely and beau
tiful, she was the sweetheart of a devoted lover.
Even in the sunny days of childhood, she had
promised ut some future day, to bccomo the wife
of Augustus Wiley, her senior by only a few sum
mers. At a school common toboyH and girls, on
the bank of the tiny Yadkin in North Carolina,
long anterior to Major Walton’s emigration to Tug
alo, they had breathed those sweet vows, which
have the power of making this dull earth of ours
appear like an Eden without Its “sworded angel,’’
and to
“ Give a tone of soulful music to the whisper of the trees,
Fill the very air with comfort, so tliat common things cau
please; .
Cover with divine inscriptions even the lowly moving
fern,
And make the furthest star in heaven with prophetic radi
ance burn."
For more than two years—how old Time seems to
play truant under such circumstances—the youth
ful lovers had liceti separated. Virginia and her
solidary cousin had not gone more than a milo
from the ‘Station,’ en route for Blair’s, when they
encountered Augustus Wiley, a little in advance of
his father, who with bis family, was removing to
Tugalo. Those who have been the actors iu such
re-unions, or ever witnessed them, know some
thing of the absolute sway, with which the
boy-god rules in the realms of “pure passion.”
The beautiful enthusiasm, the ineffable tenderness,
the angclicglmiecs of the eye, and the low thrilling
whispers, by which this unexpected meeting was
characterized, made the learned bachcller turn
away his head and sigh over his own single bles
sedness. The interview, however, was brief, ns
Virginia was to return in the evening.
Pursuing their way to tho place of destination,
the cousins talked of the immortality of the tiftce
tions—of poetry, nature and language.
Said Virginia to her erudite kinsman: “Cousin
mine is the Anglo-Saxon word rath suscctible of
comparison t Milton, you may remember, has
said, in one of liis exqusitc poems,
‘Bring me the rath primrose, that forsaken dies." ’’
“Yes,” he replies, “the adverb rather, of famil
iar uso, is the conqmrtive of that word. My sweet
little querist can have a noun compared, at her
service, after a certain fashion, if she desires it.”
“l’rocced, if you please, sir.”
“When we left the blue hills of North Carolina,
Augustus Wiley was a mere lad, but, the stairs,
which Dnifielson, the bricklayer, used in building
your grandfatber’s tall chimneys, was a bolder.”
“Yes,” retorted tho quick-witted girl, “my dear
est delight, before leavmg our native State, was a
doll, but yours, my careful cousin, was a doller ”
(dollar.)
This hit at the penuriousness of the man of wit
and learning, scut him 011 some distaneo ahead of
the young damsel, and he might have licen heard
muttering something to himself about the unfeel
ing disposition of woman, and her readiness nnd
quickness at retort. But the harmony and beauty
of tlic surrounding scenery, acted like magic in
curing him oftliis sudden'fit of peevishness, for
although the lulls were not like tho hills of Beulah,
nor, indeed, were the mountains like the Delectable
Mountains, still, that part of tho country, through
which our friends were wendiug their "way, was
picturesque, and not uninteresting. Virginia and
her cousm had 411 eye and a heart for the beautiful
in nature: aud whether her aspect was gay iu
spring, solemn iu autumn, or terrible in storms,
still to them she had a charm ineffable and divine.
Funsing for a moment on a liill-top, overlooking
the green fields and vine-clad cottage of their “kith
and kinj” they remarked the golden clouds, em
paled with loveliest purple, clustering about the
disk of the sun, as he rose gradually aliovc the
chambers oftbc East. (And this they "thought the
more wonderful, as the clouds of morning arc al
most proverbial for their dullness.)—Turning to
tliat part of creation immediately around them,
they saw through loug avenues of primeval oaks,
the'glcaming tide of tuc noble river, dashing along
its rocky channel. At thoir feet were wild flowers,
in great profusion, oftbc softest tint and sweetest
fragrance. Tooomplctc and fill out the picture, a
herd of deer dashed with graceful speed across the
brow of the hill just below them.
Tlic riverie, into which both had fallen was sud
denly broken, by the firing of rifles, on the other
side of the river.
“Indians!” was the almost frantic exclamation
ofthe idiosyncratic bachelor, “we must return im
mediately to tlic Block house.”
“No/’said Virginia, calmly aud firmly, “I must
sec my aunt, and try to get her awav from that de
fenceless home of hers. It is sinful, my cousin, to
be so full of fear and apprehension on the least in
timation of danger,—those gtms may have been
fired by some of our own people. My mother used
often to tell me, that, true courage was that temper
ofthe tout, which never doubts the goodness and pro
vidence of God. She said she had collected the
maxim from the pages of this Bock;” —takingfrom
her reticule a Bible, the gift of her dciiartc'ci pa
rent.
The profound scholar, of fiorty-fivc, stood rebuk
ed before tlic tender maiden of scarce fifteen sum
mers. Her reasoning had the desired effect on his
nerves, and quelled the tumult of fear. Havingar
rived at the residence of Blair, they aseertamad
that he fold gone some distance down the river, to
try liis luck and skill at angling. About noon, he
returned. After discussing the merits of a large
trout and some perch, at the dinner table, the sub
ject of a removal to the Block-house, was brought
upon the tapis. Virginia used a great deal of elo
quent persuasion, iu trying to influence her uncle
to go immediately to the ‘Station’ with his entire
family. In conclusion, she said to him, in "the
language of natural reason, that, God had givetl us
courage to meet danger manfully, when it must
conic, butj the same all-wise and beneficent Bein '
had likewise imparted a feeling of fear to keep ns
out of peril’s way. But, also! he was deaf to rea
son, and manifested more indifference than mere
politicians on the cvc of a revolution, that is to con
vulse the world.
The cousins, now began to think of returning;
but. of a sudden, “a storm wits in the sky," aud
the big drops of rain, mingled with hail, came
down pottering and clattering upon the bousc-top.
The ram continued fulling until night. The Chauga
which had to be crossed, was considerably swollen’
and now the only alternative was, to remain at
Blair's during the night.—When the shadows of
twilight had thickened into darkness, and whilst
the sound of distant thunder impressed each one
with a feeling of awe and reverence towards the
Creator of all things, Virginia took up her Bible
and read, in thrilling tones, from our Divine Mas!
ter’s sermon on the mount, the words of promise
and blessing,—those words which have often
touched the flintiest heart and made the most bar
ren disposition fruitful in deeds of charity and
love. The pious maiden s auditory were moved
subdued, humbled and brought under the influence
ofthe spirit and teachings of Him, upon whose
advent into the world, peace on earth and good will
towards men, was proclaimed by a “multitude of
the heavenly host.” Blair, alone, remained un
moved; mammon was his god, and rashness was
hisprompter.
The future, it is true, occupied his thoughts, but,
oh, such a future !—bounded by death's gloomy
shades, and illumined bv no ray from the sun of
“Eternal Hope.” Now, his thoughts revert to the
‘cowardly fools,’ as he was wont to call them at the
‘Station,’ while even then, the subtle Indian, with
murder in his heart, was entering the precints of
his home. “The pale angel of the grave” stands
by to liberate the Boufe, so lately regenerated
aud sanctified by the power of the Word, from
their prisons of elav. The unerring rifle sends its
deadly missile into bosoms yet heaving with the
first transports of heavenly love. All, save the
rash one, foil at the flash of the fatal guns. The
man, no longer a husband and a fother, except it
be in the memory ofthe nest, leaps into the (fork,
and escapes under its sable covering. Virginia is
prostrated with the others, and their lifo-blood
spouts thick and warm upon her senseless form.
But, she is only stunned by a bullet, which, glan
cing from the leaves ol her Bible, struck her side
in the region of the heart.—Some of the Indians
joined the dance of triumph, while others examine
and scalp the dead. Virginia opens her eyes to the
horrer of the scene. A drunken Indian brandishes
his tomahawk over her head. The Chief, a brigand
of daring mien and eagle eve, hurls the maudlin
wretch against the and takes pssession of tlie
lone maiden as his beautiful prize. After a few
moments spent in the council ctrclc, the murderers
turn their laces towards the impenetrable wilds of
Florida, and commence their dreary nocturnal
march with their beautiful captive,
i Meanwhile, Blair plunged into the turbid waters
of the Chaujra, and with difficulty swarm across.
Making his way towards the Block house, he was
almost bereft of life and reason, ere he reached
that pla'-e of safety. His fearful tale'struck terror
into the bravest hearts. Indeed, all were taken
with so groat a panic that, on the next morning,
no one, except Mnjor Walton and ('apt Wiley,
volunteered to go in pursuit of the Indians. Those
two brave men having been killed, a few davs af
terwards, by a fresh horde of barbarians, all hope
of rescuing the fair Virginia was lost. But in the
heart of one surviving friend, a vow was made to
rescue her or perish in the attempt. His extreme
youth, however, and the helpless condition of his
widowed mother, prevented him from putting lus
resolve into execution for more than two vers.
CHAPTER 11.
Nothing worthy of l coord occurred to Virginia
on the long march to the savannahs of Florida.
It might be mentioned, that by her courage, ad
dress and personal appearance, she was enabled
to rule her savage captors, in almost event resjieet,
like so many loyal subjects. The prettiest pony
was given to the -‘Pale Queen of Beauty,” as
they called her, and a squaw of regal descent,
herself a captive now, waa lor lie!' liaudnurid.
Tlie nsxt wave in the tide of fortnne brought the
' torcat. maid” to the white slave market in St..
Augustine. And though not exposed like tlie hap
less “Greek Slave,” yet real slavery was her doom.
An old Spaniard, who wanted an intelligent com
panion for u little ophan niece, was her purchaser.
Her new master was a bigoted papist-lull of su
peratition ami prejudiced against the Protestants.
This proud old Sjiwiiard had once occupied a high
place- in the favor and confidence of the. King of
Spam, but the rigor with which he had enforced
the decrees of the Inquisition, brought upou him
so violent a storm of jiopular resentment that, his
sovereign was compelled to banish him to the
province of Florida. But t lie demon of persecu
tion had not been exercised by liisdisgraoe and
banishment. Among his domestics, lie was still
the gloomy bigot mid tormentor of those who
differed from him in regard to religious tenets.
It was not to lie expected tlmt Yirgiuiii who wor
shipped God at the altar of her own choice, and
continued to read tliat Bible, which had saved her
life, and winch had been rendered double snored,
in her estimation, by tlie touch of a dying mother’s
hand, should escape the wrathful visitation, of a man
whose faith, in tho infallibility of the Pope, was un
bounded, and who had sent hundreds of martyrs to
the stake. As the use of the devouring flame and
tlie hateful gprotte had been dispensed with, in ail
eases pertaining to heresy, throughout the province
of Florida, in accordance with the royal proclama
tion, the ingenuity of the old persecutor, was tax
ed to find out some suitable punishment for So
daring a heretic as Virginia Walton. His inven
tion, however, was equal to his intolerant zeal.
In those lawless times, when pirates infested the
the Isles of the Great Gulf, there were several
houses along the sea shore, whither the ocean rob
bers came to traffic, to gamble nnd to revel with
the forest robbers—lndians and Whites in dis
guise. One of these happened to be only a few
miles south of St. Augustine. This resort for the
desperate and the abandoned, was not only left
undisturbed by tlie Spaniards, but even winked
at by some in authority. One day, Virginia was
summoned to appear in tlie library of her master.
She saw by the scowl upon bis brow, and the ma
licious expression of his eye, that the storm was
about to burst upon her in all its fury. After ex
patiating, at some length, upon the heinous sin of
heresy, and tlie, awftil condition of those, w ho died
without the pale of the holy Catholic Church, he
left it to her option, cither to burn her Bible aud
worship ill accordance with the directions of tlie
priest, or pass two nights in the pirates’castle,
bho adopted tlie'lattcr part of tho dilemma without
hesitation. She trusted that He, who had preserv
ed Daniel in the Lion’s den. Would keep her from
falling by the hand of men nvro cruel ami fero
cious than beasts of prey. It so happened that
her master lmd dealings with the chief of tho
pirates, and lienee tho facility with which lie car
ried out his intention of making her pass through
an ordeal more trying to tlie nerves of delicate
woman than the rack or gibbet. He sent her io
tho castle late in the afternoon, previous to the
night ou which he knew there was to be a general
rendezvous of the pirates, robbers aud Indians.
Tho key turned in the pondrous look of the outer
door, and she was alone in tho pirates’ custles.
After spending a few momontsin silent devotion
she proceeded to examine tlie interior of tlie buil
ding. She took her position ill a room adjoining
the dining hall, and awaited calm and self pos
icftHcd, tnc arrival of the desperadoes. At the
corner of the hull, farthest from the fire place,
there wils a small window, through which, every
thing that took place, might be observed. In a
short time more than a hundred men are in the
hall. Some are making a tire for the purpose of
cooking, whilst others are flaying some sheep and
deer, wliieh the men had brought with thorn. The
skins of those animals are thrown into the room
where Virginia is standing. She secs the pirates
take from a huge iron chest, an immense quantity
ot gold, silver and jewelcry. And now u troop of
Indians appear upon the slage. But why does
Virginia start? docs a serpent hiss at lici'fcet*
The Indians have brought iu a prisoner, a young
man of noble mien, and dark flashing eyes. She
Imsseen him inherdrenms, has, indeed,gazed into
the depth of those eyes, before tho searching
glance of which, pirates grown gray in the busi
neis of spilling blood, now quail in absolute terror.
By her he must be rescued. Her woman’s wit is
qnickoneil by tho threats, which tho Indians mako
against liis life. “He and his men,” said tlicv,
“have "sont many of our bravo warriors to the
spirit land, nnd if we don’t get n double price for
Inin, we will have liis heart's blood.” Something
is said by some one in tlie hull, about a ghostly
phantom, which was said by old pirates, to come
at eortain seasons from the invisible world, and
glide on viewless wins from the fireplace to tho
opposite end of tho hall, write the w ord death in
letters of lurid flame, and then vanish into thin
air. Virginia determines to take advantage of
this supci-stitiou. She takes up one of tlie bloodv
skins, and throwing it over her person like a liooil
waits in breathless suspense for au opportunity to
play glie it. An aged pirate, deep in a gume upon
the issue of which several thousand dollars were
to change hands, suddenly throws down tho curds
in liis hand, and looking around the sombre ball,
lighted up by the pale and ghastly rays of a flick
ering taper says, with a long drawn sigh of smoth
ered humanity, “Well-ady ! this room always re
minds me of my poor old grandmother.” ‘ This
critical moment was not to be lost. With tho
bloody part of the skin turned out, Virginia
thrusts her head through the little window, and
says in a deep, distinct, yet sepulchral tone of voice,
“Would you know your old graudmotlicr, if von
were to see her P One glance at tlie livid and
horrible npparation is enough ; in an instant the
hall is cleared of every human being in it, save
iho young prisoner. But why does lie rush to
the ghost and embrace it, with all tho fervor of a
mother who lias found a lost babe ? Why does lie
hold that snowy hand with both of his, as
tlioagh it were tlie anchor of hope i Why do
tears of joy pour like great drops of raiu upon
tliat. beauteous head, winch now rests upon his
heart; Ah! he recognized that dear voice at first,
notwithstanding tho disguise. To him it
“wm a whisper from the lieart
That told ofdays long past.”
The ingenious render already know* who that
prisoner was ; and it is unnecessary to say how lie
come to be fighting his wav with a chosen band of
followers through the Indian nation toSt. Augus
tine, whither it was known the snvagos generally
carried their prisoners. In a desperato light with
a large body of Indians, his men were nil killed
and lie taken prisoner. But in the pirate’s castle,
where he expected nothing but a cruel death, lie
meets with her, who was his “pondered thought,
by day, liis dream by night.” She, the weaket
vessel,’ becomes his deliverer; he is brought tr
confess that the ways of Providence are pas t find
ing out, and full of mercy.
Virginia and Augustus, after collecting the mo
ney that had been left by the pirates in their
fright, and placing it in a strong sack upon one of
the Indians’ ponies, and mounting two of the lar
gest themselves, ‘took up the line ofmorch’ along
the sen shore, ill the hope of finding some vessel
that might carry them to Savannah or Charleston,
at early dawn they heard the booming of cannon
apparently not more than two miles distant in the
direction they were going. The tiring ceased in a
few minutes, and directly they saw the stars and
stripes floating from the mast head of a man-of
war with a piratical looking craltin tow. A sig
nal being made, a boat was immediately sent out
to shore, and they were soon on lioard of the ves
sel. There they recognized, in some of the pris
oners on dock, the pirates they had seen tiio night
previous at the castle. By the confessions of the
pirates, they ascertained to whom a part of the
money and all the, jewelry belonged. But fur the
sum of ninety-seven thousand dollars no claimant
could be found, alter advertising and making the
most diligent inquiry in both Europe and America.
Blit we are anticqiating.
The war vessel, with its prize, made directly for
the city of Charleston. And now Virginia and her
adored and adoring lover are approaching the
“Queen City of the South.” They gaze with admi
ration upon the beautiful bay and tlic “fairy Isles
tliat gem old Ocean’s diadem.” They loot with
a feeling of patriotic pride upon that rude rampart
of Palmetto logs, where Carolina valor had faced
the thunders of a British fleet, and struck a blow
for freedom that has hastened the downfall of des
potism. Having landed, they concluded to make
Charleston the place of their' permanent abode.—
But they are in no hurry to have their nuptials
celebrated. They determine to finish their edu
cation intone of the flourishing schools in the City.
And now we see them again together in school.
Hand in hand, “they tread the flowery plains of
knowledgetheir tastes and their minds arc thus
assimilated, and like their hearts, are one and in
divisible. At the close of the year, they felt that
they were fully prepared for the consummation of
thsir early vows, and they trusted that Heaven
would smile upon their union. The marriage cere
mony was performed at St. Michael’s, Meeting street
and right merrily did the bells peal on that delight
ful May morning. The birds had a “carol sweeter
than the music of Eden,” and the roar of the main
suggested to Fancy’s ear the deep bass of nature’s
symphony.
Ou the way to the wharf to take the regular
packet for an excursion round to Savannah, Wi
ley said to his wife : “Dear love of mine, you are
the very exemplification of courage; you have
passed through many ‘liair breadths of escapes’ and
yet have you borne up under the trial: now I wish
to know by what talisman you have been sustain
ed through all the vicissitudes of a life so eventful
as yours.
“In these simple words of my sainted mother,”
she responded, “you have the talisman you seek :
True courage in tliat temper of the noil, which never
doubt* the goodneos and providence of God."
Proposed New State.—The Legislature of Wis
consin are deliberating upon a memorial to Con
gress for a Territory comprising that portion of
Wisconsin lying north of the forty-fifth degree of
north latitude, and tliat portion of Michigan lying
west of Lake Michigan. This territory, it is al
-1 edged, is very much isolated from the States to
which it is attached, and has separate and individ
ual interests peculiarly its own, which, under the
present organization, do not receive the fostering
eve of its several Governments, which the best
interests of the countiy require. The separation
of that territory, it is thought, would result in no
disadvantage to tho States from which it is propo
sed to detatch it, whieh would not be more com
pensated by the augmented commercial and politi
cal advantages of adding another State to the North
west.
A New York correspondent of the Philadelphia
thus speaks of the Harpers’ new Establish
ment :
“The Harpers, so long opening on dingy Cliff
street, which they have made famous the world
over, have burrowed through to Pearl street, and
setup a magnificent establishment on that street.
I have seen the establishments of the London, Pa
ris and Leipeic book men, but none of them will
compare with the Harpers’ new shop on Pearl-st,”
ITEMS.
T he bill also provides for tlie payment of (Bgold
pieces: the shape and device of which are to be
fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
The Pensacola Gazette states that the floating
dock, basin and Railway, in course of construction
at the Navy Yard at that place, are each and all ad
vancing rapidly towards completion. A largo me
chanical force is employed. The steam engines and
machinery for tlie powerfoul pumping apparatus
of the dock, are being placed in their respective
positions; the stone walls are nearly built in three
of the five sections of the basin, and the founda
tion of the ahip railway is in progress.
Col. S. C. Fremont aud family, arrived in New
York a few days since, from California, on their
way to London. .
_ “Pat, if Mr. Jones comes before mv return, tell
him that 11 will meet him at two o’clock.”
“Ay, ay, sir; bnt what shall I tell him if he
don’t come ?”
David Parkbrson, charged with robbing the
mail on the route leading from Washington to Ab
beville was brought up tor trial before the U. S.
District Court, at Marietta, on Monday last. He
plead “guilty” to the charge, and was sentenced
by Judge Nieol, in consideration of his youth, to
six months imprisonment in tlie common jail of
Cobb county.— IF tusAinc/ton Gazette.
Morne’s Telegraph. —A letter from Mr. Fleiwli
man, U. S. Consul at Ktuard, announces tliat the
government has finally ooncluded to send Professor
Morse a letter acknowledging tho mcirits of hia in
vention, together with the gold medal of Wurteui
burg for Arts and Sciences. Morso’s telegraphic
convention of all tho German States, held at Vienna
last autuiti, as being tho only reliable aud practical
method, after having tried all other*.
Si Non. A n Facts.— ls a tallow cuudlo be placed in
a gun and shot at u door, it willgo through without
sustaining any Injury; and if a musket ball be fired
in water it will rebound and lxi flattened as if fired
against any hard substance. A musket ball may
l»c tired against a pane of glass, and if the glass be
suspended by a thread, it will make no difference,
and the thread not even vibrate. Cork, if sunk
two feet in the ocean, will not rise on ucoount of
the pressure of the water. In the Aretio regions,
when the thermometer is below zero, persons can
converse more than u mile distant. Mr. Jomerson
asserts that he heard every word of a sermon ut the
distance of two miles on a.still duv, with perfect
distinctness.
“Mr. Snooks, how does it come that Nature form
ed you so homely.”
“Nature was not to blame,” says Snooks, “for
when 1 was two months old, 1 was oousidered the
handsomest child, in tlie neighborhood, but my
nurse, the huzzy, one day swapped me away for
another boy, just to please a friend of hers, whose
child was vctlicr plain looking.”
Lousisvili.e, March 10. —Tho amount of money,
raised here for tlie Hungarian fund, including the
proceeds from the concerts, the admission paid by
the listeners to his speeches, donations, Ac., will
barely amount to fifteen hundred dollars.
N. P. Willis, Esq., the well known editor of tlie
“Home Journal “sailed from New York on Mon
day iu the steamboat Merlin, for Bermuda, for the
benefit of his health.
The Springfield (O.) Journal suggests the uso of
sulphate of lime for tho destruction of rats, for while
it is a perfectly sale article, it is much better than
arsenic.
Satisfactory AroLoov.—The Editor of the lona
Statesman niakoa tho following apology for the lack
of oditoriul iu a late number of his papor:
“ Not much editorial this week; can’t help it—
another bouncing big boy in this sliuntv; only lmp
pcus once a year.”
Convxdbum!—AVhat is the name of the koy thnt
will eventually lock up all tyrants,'and unlock tlie
fetters that bind mankind ? Th* Yan-keo.
Comfort for Homily Woven.—“ Beantv,” says
Lord Kaimes, “ is a dangerous property, tending
to corrupt the mind of the wife, though it soon
loses its influence over tho husband. A figure
agreeable and engaging, which inspires affection
without tlie inebriety of love, is a much safer
choice. The graces lose not their influence like
beauty. At the end of thirty years a virtuous wo
man, who makes an agrccablo companion, charms
her husband more than at first. Tlie comparison
of love to fire holds good iu one respect, that the
flcrcor it burns the sooner it is extinguished.”
Tlic valuo of all the milk sold in Massaehnsctts
for the ycur ending Jnnc 1, 1850, was $276,887.
Dedham is tho largest town in the “ milky way,”
having sold $45,000 worth. The above does not
include the milk made into butter aud cheese.
Wo see it stated that Mr. Cavaltho, a daguerreo
typist in Charleston, has discovered u mode of co
vering duguerreotypes with a transparent enamel
surface, whereby he dispenses with the gloss cover
to protect tho picture. Rubbing the plate, instead
of injuring, improves the picture. Such pictures
may be sent to any distance without injury.
Practical Men.—Prosy old gentlemen who think
that James Watt was a greater genius than Shak
spcarc, und that tho only motive which should
move society is the Loco-motive. It was such a
man who once said of Milton’s “ Paradise Lost,”
tliat it “ was a very good book, but it didn’t prove
anything.” Practical men are useful, but like cook
stoves nnd Bentham, they are shockingly utilita
rian ; and, like a tailor, see much more beauty in a
lot of “cabbage,” than in all the rose bushes that
ever grew.
Voltaire says no man cau be an atheist who bus
ever been in love. Voltaire is right. There is n
feeling of ctlierial blissfulness which springs from
“a satin hug,” tliat no power but an Almighty
one could ever give birth to. If courting don’t
convince a man that there is a Being supremely
great and supremely good, then will he die an
infidel.
A French gentleman proposes opening an “liy
menial aeadomy” in this city, at which young ladies
will be taught the marriage service, with all the
proper sobs, sighs nnd hysterics, in three easy lcs- •
sons of five dollars each.
Doos vs. Bloomers.—A young lady appeared in
the street of a western village in the new style of
pettiloons and short gown; the dogs took after'
her, taking her to be some strange animal, run
her some distance, nnd treed her on a high fence.
Test ok Manhood. —Said a young fellow indig
nantly, when called a boy—‘Don’t call me a boy (
I’ve.chcwed tobacco these six years.’
The citizens ofPliiladclphia arc taking measures
to consolidate the different municipalities into one
eity.
The late Michael Allen, of Pittsburgh, at his de
cease left $45,000 to benevolent institutions. The
largest bequest was SIO,OOO to the Presbyterian
Board of Foreign Missions—half of the stun to aid
the Jews.
Mr. Hill, a pork packer, of Mt. Tabor, lowa,
having offered a premium for the heaviest hog
killed at his house, received five hogs hi competi
tion. The lightest weighed 719, and tho heaviest
791 pounds.
RrrcitiE as an Author.— The Washington Tele
graph sayß that Mr. Ritchie, late editerofthe Union,
is engaged writing the history of Governor Pow
nall, Governor of Massachusetts in 1660—one of
the most remarkable monos that day.
Tall Briikih.— There is a bridge in the course of
construction on the Buffalo and Now York City
Railroad, where it crosses the Genesee river, near
Portagcville. When completed it will be 2*o foot
high, and 500 feet span; stone piers, set on the
bed ofthe rock, arc carried up 80 tcet high from
tho bed of the river, a few rode from the upper
falls. From the top of the piers the wood .work
rises 200 feet, and so perfect is the model of the
bridge, (that may lie seen on tlic ground,) that it
is thought there will not be the least tremor or
motion under the heaviest train of cars that may
ever have occasion to pass ovor it. Tlie timber
grown on 160 acres lias already been exhausted,
and fifty acres more purchased. It is thought 210
acres will afford timber enough to complete the su
perstructure. Some idea may .be formed of the
sizs ofthe bridge, as it takes over thirty tons of
iron just for bolts.
There are one hundred and tliirty-thrcc German
newspapers published in the United States; the
oldest of.which, published in Pennsylvania, has
been established sixty-three years.
Connecticut Politics.— The dcmocratio and whig
conventions of this State, were held last week; both
resolved to adhere to the compromise measures.
The whig* adopted resolutions complimentary to
President Fillmore and his cabinent, and the dcra
crats declared their determination to sustain the
nominees of the Baltimore Convention, from
whatever quarter ofthe Union they may be taken.
Capt. R. B. Marcy, of the U. 8. Army, has been
ordered by the War Department with his company
to the head of the Bed River, for the purpose
exploring that hitherto almost unknown region of
country.
A correspondent of the Chicago Tribune tells of
a little girl ten years of age whose only subsistence
sinoe infancy has been sugar and milk—some ob
struction or disease of her throat having led her
always to refuse anything more substantial. She
is stated to be as large as children usually of her
age, and as healthy, bright and active as those
whose food would be considered more invigora
ting.
Two married Ladies in St. Louis last week met
a young man upon the street, and gave him a se
vere cowhiding. They said he had been enticing
their husbands away from home at night, and ta
king them to doubtful places.
A Smart old Gentleman ! —The Panama Echo
of the 18th contains the following paragraph:
“Senor Louis Durand, of this city, late resident on
Santa Anna Plaza, outaide the city walls, died last
night, aged 90 years. He had a family of over one
hundred children. They are actually his own
children, of the first generation.’’ The old Mor
man! "
Tns White* in Ecbot*.—The winter, which has
been so severe in this country, has been very
spring-like in Europe. In Paris, at tho beginning
of February, roses, lilacs, and hyacinths filled the
flower markots. According to adviees from the
north, a milder season his not been experien
ced,—even as fores Norway,—since the eommenct
mept of the century.
YOL. LXVI.-NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.-NO. 12.
Tn» Young Ladirs Ihprovrd Catroaoh. — What
Is the whole duty of woman! To dress—to sing—
to dance—to play ou ths pianforte—to gabble
French or German—and to preside graceftilly at the
tea-table! What is a man! A thing to waltz with
—to flirt with—to take one to the theatre—to laugh
at—to be married to—to pay one’a bills—and to
keep one comfortably! What ialil’e! A polka—a
ahottische—a dance that one must whirl through as
fast as possible! What is death! H’m —some-
thing that it’a unfashionable to talk of—to whisper
of—to think of;—so the less that's saidabout it ths
batter.
Professor Emmons, State Geologist of North
Carolina, iu a letter to the Governor, expresses the
fullest confidence that there is an almost inexhaus
tible source of coal in that State. Preliminary ex
aminations at several points establish the fact t hat
the stratum is seven feet thick, and the quality ex
cellent.
“Jake,” said an old farmer, one day, to ono of
his mowers, “do you know how many horns there
are in a dilemma!’’ ,
“No,” replied Jake, “but t know how many
horn* there is iu a quart of whisky.”
Something ot a Fish.—A men in Indiana offers
te make a bet of 95,000 that he will nrim from
Cincinnati to Madison, iu the Ohio yiver, in the
month of August next, without aloep and with only
fifteen minutes rest and reftoshments every six
hours. Tho Lafayette Courier says extensive ar
rangements are making for the accomplishment of
the feat, and from an acquaintance with the gen
tleman. Touches that he will swim as proposod, or
slitl in the undertaking.
Hon. Horace Clark, late a prominent Democratic
politician of Vermont, and delegate to tho Balti
more Convention, died at West Ponltncy on the
43d ultimo.
A western editor thus closes a highly wrought
puff' of a friend of his—a gentleman of the dental
profession :
The Dentist pulls a tooth elegantly—the opera
tion being atteuded with the most requisite pain
imaginable.
A sign over the door of a house of entertainment
In California thus: u Rest fm-the.ieear// and
storage far trunks ; a most attractive and iuvi’ing
announcement, truly.
Jecms says that tho letters A. M. attached to a
man’s name means q tier money.
Another trial of the steam Fire Engine was
made at Cincinnati, Ohio, a few days since. It gave
entire satisfaction. The steam was raised and tlie
ongiuo put into motion iu 4 minutes and 16 se
conds from time of lighting tlie fire, and in 40 se
conds more water was thrown from the pipe at the
end of 250 feet of hose, the stream of water was
continued indefinitely.
Tlie State printing of New York costs 97,812 in
1823, and $140,000 in 1851, to which is to bo added
over $89,000 as the oxpensos of printing tho four
volumes of documentary history ordered by a re
solution of the House.
They givo their paper money hard names in
Wisconein. The Madison Argus speaks of “Rich
mond’s irresponsible red dog, blno pup and sick
monkey paper issues!"
There arc in the English language, 20,500 nouns;
40 pronouns; 9,200 adjectives; 8000 verbs; 2,600
adverbs; 60 propositions; 19 conjunctions; 60 in
terjections, &c,—in nil, above 40,000 words.
Latest Fashion. —The fashionable way of having
marriage notices inserted in tho papers, says tlie
Nashville News, ia to enclose a gold dollar to tho
editor. The News wishes every body to get mar
ried and keep up the fashion.
It is said that tlie Japan Squadron will take out,
in addition to its regular armament, about 20 boau
tiftd brass guns, fitted for boat or land service,
from each of which uino shots can ho discharged
every minute. This fUct, connected with the un
usual number of marines, looks ns if something
more than ordinary naval duty is expected of the
squadron.
There wore seventy-one divorces legalized at tli
recent session of tho Alabama Legislature.
Grace Greeiiwod, it is rumored, will acoompany
Miss Cushman on her return to England, with tho
view of preparing herself for the Btage, under her
direction. Her lirst attempt will be made in the
English provinces, and if successful, will submit
to the ordeal of a Metropolitan audience.
Delightful.— Prof. Soo Cliuno, of the Chinese
Family, is the latest star we have heard of, in tho
musical firmament. It seems ho is twinkling up
among the Green Mountains of Vermont, some
where. A musical critic of those regions remark
that “tho singing of Professor Soo Cliuno is ex
tremoly odd, and no doubt highly scientific in Chi
na ; hut hero it sounds like a cat in the last stages
of a pain in the bowels. Go and hear it.” A
tempting invitation, certainly!
A lady at Louisville wus robbed the other night
by a fellow who had secreted himßclf in her cham
ber until she retired. The box containing her jew
elry, and that containing her rouge was just alike,
and the thief took tho wrong box. She looked
pale on discovering her lost, but her color came
again tho next day 1
Prof. J. H. Ingraham, author of “Lafitte,” and
other piratical and highly exciting novels, has been
ordained to the Episfcopal ministry, at Jackson,
Miss.
Tho rapping “spirits” out west are cutting up
all kinks of queer antics. The Perryville Kagle
says that at a house not farfrom thoro several ghosts
appeared in bodily form. Ono of them stood
crosslcggcd on a bed-post, and flapped its wings.
Auother was caught by the leg, by a person pre
sent, but broke loose from him and escaped.
The Last Dodge for getting Liquor into Maino,
we learn, has boon for some weeks successfully car
ried on by means of large orders for Day & Mar
tin’s Blacking—“the critter” being carefully label
led and scaled like the purely imported “Day &
Martin.”
The dog population of the United States is esti
mated at about two millions, and the cx]>cnse of
keeping them at upwards of $10,000,000 per an
num ; and the expenses of the “stated preaching
of the Gospel,” allowing a salary of $350 to each
ordained minister is six millions }>ernnnnni.
Punch gives ns the following as among the “won
ders” of a young lady’s existence:
The Keren wonders of a yomig Lady. —l. JCeepiug
her accounts in preference to an Album.
3. Generously praising the attractions of that “af
fected creature.” who always cut her out.
8. Not ridiculing tho mall she soeretly prefers—
nor quizing what she seriously admires.’
4. Not changing her “deur, dear triend" quar
terly—or her dress three times u dav.
5* Beading a novel without looking at the third
volume first; or writing a letter without a jiost
oript; or taking wine at dinner without saying
“the smallest drop in the world,” without a “laid
cold,” or wearing shoes that were not “a mile too
big for hor.”
6. Seeing a baby without immediately rushing to
it and kissing it.
T. Carrying a large bouquet at an evening party,
and omitting to ask her partner “if he understands
the language of flowers.
The Devil among the Yankees ! — According to
the Providence Post, the devil made his appear
ance—or rather left his tracks behind him—in Co
ventry, Kent county, It. I. The foot-prints were
seen m the snow on Sunday morning, precisely
like such as would be made by a yearling colt, and
extended over a track of country some 30 miles in
extent. The trail was a single ono, one foot-print
directly in front of another, and from eight to
twelve inches apart, indicating a two-legged ani
mal. It frequently lead up to holes in the fences
and walls, through which a cat could not pass, and
appeared again on the other side, as though the au
imnl had passed through. In some cuscs tiie trail
appeared for a few rods and then disappeared.
A Reminiscence of our Rkvoletion.— Tile fol
lowing private letter of Gen. Hamilton, expressing
his sentiments in regurd to the sad fate of Major
Andre, will doubtless he new and interesting to
most of our readers, as it is to ourselves. We do
not know that it lias before appeared in print:
Mr. Hamilton to Mine Schuyler.
Tappan, October 2, 1780, \
Headquarters of the Army. 1
a » « » * *
Poor Andre suffers to-day. Everything that is
amiable in virtue, in fortitude, in delicate senti
ment and accomplished manners, plead for him;
but hard hearted pelicy calls for a sacrifice. He
must die. I send yeu my account of Arnolds af
fair, and to justify myself to your sentiments. I
must inform you that I urged a compliance with
Andre’s request to ho shot; and I do not think it
would have had an ill effect. But some people are
only seneible to motives of policy, and sometimes,
from a narrow disposition, mistake it.
When Andre’s talc comes to bo told, and pre
sent resentment is over, the refusing him the nriv
lege of choosing the manner of his death will he
branded with too much obstinacy.
It was proposed to me to suggest to him the idea
of an exchange for Arnold; but I knew I should
have forfeited his esteem by doing it, and therefore
declined it. Aa a man of honor, he could not but
reject it; and I would not for the world liave pro
posed to him a thing which must have placed me
in the unamiablc light of supposing him capable of
meanness, or of not feeling myself the impropriety
of the measure. I confess to you I had the weak
ness to valne the esteem of a dying man, because I
reverenced his merit. A. Hamilton.
Governing New York City.— On the subject of
the expenses of the city of New Ii ork the Times
says:
“It would draw very hard on s man’s reputation
for good sense to be overheard saying that this was
one of the best governed cities in tho world. Yet
it cost something more than three million* qf dol
lars last year to govern it. It costs about ten thou
sand dollars a day, exclusive of Sundays, to ad
minister such government as it had. It costs over
three times as much to govern this city as it did to
govern the whole State, including the city, and
three times os much as it did to govern the six New
England States. It cost the city more to got gov
erned for a fortnight than it cost any one ont of
sixteen States for a year. And it cost New York
city half as much to get itself governed for a
year as it costs all our thirty-one Statcß for the same
time."
The Child in the Woods.—A little daughter of
Mr.llultz. residing in the southern part, of Shelby
country, Texas, was lost in the woods some three
weeks since. Search was made by tho citizens for
the child in every direction, but in vain until the
fourteenth day, when the body was found about
twelve miles west of her farther’s settlement. When
found she was lying with her head upon her arm,
and her person looked entirely natural. Her little
bonnet and shoes were lying beside her body, but
her innocent spirit had joined it* kindred spirits
above.
; Clatobt's Stkwboopio DAromuKvrYTß.—ln 18*8
Prof. Wheatstone illustrated, at one of the meet
ings oftho Royal Society, by means of • small op
-1 tical instrnment whioh he termed a ‘stereecope,’
his very curious atid interesting discovery with re
spect to effects of binocular vision, that when the
axes of visiop are coincident with any two figures
and form but one picture to the eye, such pioturea
possesses all the properties of both, and presents
the appearance of standing out in relief. This
is also the case in representation of natural and
other objects especially those producod by the
camera obscure upon photographic tables, which
are identical in point of correctness and minute
ness with thoso produced on the retime them
selves.
M. Claudct has now practicaly applied this ouri
ous optical discovery to the art of photography.
Hitherto photographic pictures, notwithstanding
their astonishing, and too often unwelcome, accu
racy nnd minuteness of detail, and despite the ad
ventitious aid of color subsequently applied by the
artist, but in the appearance of the objects re
presented, whioh nettling could disguise or oon
ceal.
Astonishing ns were the results thus produoed
by tho effects of light in thus accurately producing
the most vivid representations and pictures still
more astonishing is it to flud that under a particu
lar mode of treatment, the. same agent may be
made to perforin the work, not of the artist alone,
but of tho sculptor—to produoe not merely pic
tures, but models, not merely portraits but stat
utes, standing out in relief, add possessing all the
apjioarunco of the most oxouisite and wonderously
minute productions of tlio soulptor’s art. The
stcroscomc representations, which wo have seen at
M. Olaudet’s establishment of tho interior of the
late groatexhihition, the views of the transept and
nave, arc of the most remarkable cliaractur. They
pyssess all the appearanoo of solid models. There
is a propor distance between all the objects, each
of which appears to stand out in bold and clear re
lief, while the most accurate notions may be form
ed, ftom looking at these productions, of the va
riod dimensions of the woiulerous structure; Com
plete sots of theso views are now boing formed
from the originals for her Mqjosty—who has ex
pressed her warmest approval of them—for the
Emperor of Russia, tho Sultan, and various other
continental sovereigns.
But probably by far the most successful applica
tion or steroseople photography will be found ill
the production of portraits, of which a very largo
number have already liccen taken by M. Claudet.
In viewing through the stcreseopo tho portrait of
any person, the illusion of reality is perfectly as
tonishing. It need scarcely be said that, accurate
us are the portraits taken iu the ordinary manner
witti one camera, tho representations obtained by
tlie use of two, placed at different angles with the
sitttor, when viewed through tho storoosoope, ate
fur more complete, inasmuch as the lbuturcs both
upon the right and loft side aro portrayed, and
unite to form one compieto picture. A large col
lection of portraits as well us pictures, taken upon
tliis principle, may be inspected at M. Clamlet’s
establishment in Regent Bireot. We may add that
thostcrcosoope is, in form nml size, something sim
ilar to that of an opora glass, and may bo construct
ed so us to be perfectly portable, nnd is not likely,
with ordinary treatment, to get ontoforder.—Lon
don Hominy VhmMo.
W hat It bit f—Our friends in England and at the
North are making desperate efforts to find some
substitute for Cotton, and' the Inst rival to our
“great staple” seems to be nothing more than
otrcun, as will be seen from the following:
Cotton from Straw.— A circumstance extremely
interesting to all who engagod in textile manufhc
tures, indeed, to the whole community, has this
weok been communicated to us. An amateur
chemist of this town, while engaged recently in
testing the Chevalier Claußsen’s chemical process
of making cotton, not having any flax straw at
bund, tried it upon oat straw. To his astonish
ment, after the eilica and gums which entar into
the composition of oat straw ill greater proportions
than in flax, had been dissolved, lie obtained a
large quantity of good cotton. The opinion he
formed from tins and subsequent experiments is
that the common straws of this country may be
profitably converted it to cotton, thereby adding to
the certainty and abundance of onr future supplies.
At any rats, the experiment is one which !b worth
testing to the fullest extent, and the hint here
thrown out will no doubt induoe persons most
favorably situated for pursuing an investigation
with advantage, at one* to undertake the test.—
Aotf 'owhom paprr.
Woon and its Consumption.— lt is a little re
markable, says the Baltimore American, that in an
agricultural country liko ours there should be actu
ally nn annual importation of wool. Yet the cen
sus statistics tell us that while tho quantity of
wool produced in the United States in 1860
amounted to 52,432,797 pounds, tho quantity man
ufactured readied nn nggregnte of 70,882,829
pounds. Here is exhibited a defldenoy of produc
tion to tho extent of 18,440,082 pounds.
In every part of tho United States tho growth of
wool finds suitable adaptations in respect to climate
and pasturage, und there are numerous sections of
mountainous country where the raising of sheep
is of all modes of rural employment tho most prort
tnble. Tho fact that we are importers of wool, with
so many facilities for wool-growing at home would
seem to imply a singular neglect on the part of oiir
farmers in souio quarters.
The official tublcs containing the statistics of the
Commerce nnd Navigation of tho United States
allow tho following sources of our importation of
wool:
From the Argentine Republic, Bue
nos AyresJ 10,178,986 lbs.
Turkey, including Morocco, 3,182,722 do.
England, 1,927,408 do.
Chili, 1,081,280 do.
Franco, (on the Mediterranean,) 1,017,586 do.
Canada, 487,284 do.
Brazil, 874,208 do.
Miscellaneous, 541,272 do.
Total, 18,089,794 do.
Among the wool growing States of the Union
the first in the amount of production is Ohio. In
proportion to sire, liowovor, Vermont ranks first—
producing more wool than Virginia and neat ly as
much as Pennsylvania. Maryland makes a poor
figure onough—notwithstanding the fine capabili
ties of our Western counties for wool growing.
We should think that Virginia onglit to .be at the
head of the wool producing States—since, in re
spect to cliinnte and tho diversified character of her
surface, abonuding ill hill und dale, sho possesses
very distinguished advantages. It is qaite time at
any rnto for wool to become a domestic staple—as
much so as cotton; iiuy, more so, because cotton
is confined to a special locality wnile wool may bo
grown in every State.
The Fi.ii Movements in Ireland.— The Belfast,
papers of a lute date report, at great length, the
preceding* at the annual meeting of tho Royal So
ciety for the promotion and improvement of the
growth of flax in Ireland. The prciont demand
for flax in Ireland is about double wbatitwau when
the Society wa» established. In 1841, the Irish
spinning trade numbered 250,000 spindles. Now
it is close upon 500,000. In place or 10,000 tons of
flax, which was the extent of consumption in 1841,
82,000 tons arc now required by the Irish trade.
The entire consumption of the United Kingdom
would, at present, require 608,000 acres of flux an
nually, and it is progressively increasing at a pretty
rapid rate.
Sad Accident.— Fall of III * Plant*;* ’ Pret*. —
Last night between 8 and 9 o’clock, tho front and
rear walls, of tho large brick building, known us
the Planters’ Press, at the corner of Commerce and
Congress streets, fell out, under tho pressure of
the roof, which tumbled in with great violence. At
the time of the occurrence, Mr. George Coxo, a
bricklayer, with two negroes, were engaged in re
pairing some injuries which had happened to tho
works, the day before. Mr. Hamilton, engineer,
was also present. The two negroes were caught
under the falling ruins, and instantly killed. Mr.
Coxe had Ids anu broken. Mr. Hamilton, by run
ning at the first noise, barely escaped.
This Press was the property and in the occupan
cy of Messrs. N. W. Perry & Co. It was built in
1841, and it is believod that the foundations were
not laid sufficiently deep, whenco this melancholy
accident.— Mobile Rtgi*t*r, lltA inet.
Mischief and Sasrocs Conskqpexom oh tiikMcs
cooee Raii.moap.—Early on Thursday night last,
about three miles from this city, the passenger
train was thrown off the track, by a large piece of
timber, placed across the rails. Tho locomotive
was completely upset. The Engine driver, Oba
diali Warner, was seriously injured—his arm waa
broken very badly, and his face and other parts
of his body much injured by scalding. A boy be
longing to Dr. Ware, was mnch injured ; and an
other boy, lielongingto Mr. Covington, was pitch
ed up into a bush, to which he held on. untu the
danger waa passed. The damage to the locomo
tive, is equal to two thousand dollars.
M illiam Davis of Marion oounty, and one Jack
son txwk; two of the perpetrators of this diaboli
cal deed, have been arrested, and after examina
tion before Col. Quin, one of our magistrates, were
sent to jail. Officers, who seldom miss the mark,
are in close pursuit or Thomas Yarbrough, theother
guilty partv.
Davis admits his presence atthe time the crime
was committed by the other two.
We understand that the freight and passenger
trains oil the Montgomery and West Point Railroad
came in collision last night. We havo not heard
■ how much damage was done, nor whether any per
son was injured. But in consequence of ft the
western mail did not arrive. The accident occurr
ed obout a mile and a half below Loachnpoka.—
Colombo* Timm.
In common with other papers in this city, we
republished sonic days since, an article from tho
Journal of Commerce, Now York, stating that a
bill for $4,000 drawn bv a purser of a United
States ship on tho Pacific coast upon the Depart
ment at Washington, endorsed by the commander
and cashed at San Francisco, was refused payment,
and that it wsa returned to California in conse
quenco of deficiencies in the appropriations
or disarrangement in the affairs of some particu
lar office. We Icam that this statement is entirely
erroneous—that there is no such deficiency in the
appropriations for the naval service as prevents a
compliance with obligations to public creditors;
nor has there been any refusal to pay the draft of
a purser, or other officer having authority to raise
money for the naval servioe. On inquiry, we are
unable to hear of any recent transaction which
could give rise to such a rumor.— Wath. Repub.
WILHINOTOH AND MANCHESTER RAILROAD.— Wo
understand thut twenty-five miles of the Wilming
ton and Manchester Railroad will soon be in op
eration. On and after tho first of April, the mail
and passenger trains on the W. and M. R. R., will
run to Mary's station, 25 miles from its junction
with the Camden Branch Railroad. A daily lino
of Stages, carrying the U. S. Mail through Darling
ton Court House Clieraw to Fayettville, will rim
in connection with the Railroad.
No small degree of excitement has been created
by the discovery of a body imbedded In the walla
of St. Stephen’s Chapel, London. While the work
men were chipping an old stone wall of the chapel,
they came upon something rolled up in canvass,
and, on uncovering it, a human body was disclosed
in a perfect state of preservation. A wooden pasto
ral staff was found by its side, such as was carried
by the mitred abbots of the olden time. Mr. Barry
was sent for, and in the mean time the remains
were strictly guarded, in order that an examination,
might bo made. The walls in whioh thia interna*
ting relic was discovered form part of the chapel
built by Richard 11. in 1898, the money for the pur
pose haveing been raised by a tax imposed on all
forcingners then residing in the kingdom. The
body must, therefore, have been imbedded newly
five hundred years. It was found in the wall of the
crypt, under the high altar, whore, in the old
monasteries, there was generally to bo found a
small chapel, underneath the great pahlioohturob.
To be burned in this position was a mark of diatino
tiou reserved tor tho founder.
J