Newspaper Page Text
i i l— . 1————
Hv iviTLIAM S. JONES.
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
the weekly
»**ry Wi-4a«#<biy
AT TWO ttOLLiRS P Ett .1S "l "
IS ADYANCA.
»CW»«rM«viwJj mrtim » *»»<*«"•
•IX Mph. rs toe M-* * ! » ’**'“ »•* *“
°^:, x t oI'IKH FOB TEN tIMIJABA.
•r »fre«c«!>y io all wbomay !»«»*■» *;< .uUcriber.,and
orward u* th* moo*?y.
CHFJONICLE SENTINEL
ItIII.Y A.MITRI-« F.KAI.V,
A,, A. public •« >b »and udM to rtalM
At Ih* mz rataa, wirodj:
lK „„ .a .|7 per aauum.
Dailt i # >rKKt»f e«»tby oaab, u **
TfcJ'WfftfcLY Papm. -
TtUls or IDTIWISI*®'
„ fwtTr-fc" y five **“ por *.««<“» «»- w
fi . r lll( . flrit *u.l ftfiy oeot. for vach «<*toe-
OPtil ifWrftiJn.
10 PEANIKHH* , „ .
rp||F HI IMCMUF.H wooW roJpectWly Inform Kant-
Ji era, that he fttrtrtth«»
«s|ALI« ORXHT MILM, , _
Suitable lo Or attached «>Oto Otan. ***"■*
j #i «■ rM ..« ,»tt*.ran xt price*.
* have «i ren thehigt«.«. «UAott*,«nT can
be compared with *ny from the North-
Pie..- H>. 0. * call before
Ilurr Mill Him). Hm.iifoetarer, i
EEUfIKN RICH'S PATENT CENTRE VEHT WA*
/., .1 ||||\ ..Il.virie l»*en toftirmed that » certain per
il Z!il E2?U v "raliUK . ** m J2X£JEL
; eh the water in conducted Iff mean* ®<» *^ r W *oroH, u
,0 Reuben KbJh-i “Pab-nt Centre Vmrt, w. hereby
D I caution the i-iWlr, .bat we will V n.ma», to ell »-
t r,,r .e. MI..M O. ,ofi moment upon “"JJH*?;
I!,, p.rty UI.IDR, Ml -rill be tha*Mul for
iii formation retort 4 w« to
THE MONTGOMERY ufASTUFACfUBIHG COM
panvhiron works.
MONTGOMERY. ALABAMA.
MANUFACTURE, in superior atyle, Hor'sental and
Upright HTBAM KNGINKH* <* fwiwiSjt
BOILKKB; IXKJOMOTIVEH; Goto iron
Sugar MILLS ; Hhw and GrUtWIl IRONS, of «J«|T wf*’
ty, (including Ho*te» contimieu* few fur How Miu*;) w»*
fine ibnd Hand LATUJKO; Iron and Bra*i CAHTWCiS, of all
kind., Ac.. Ac.
Ail order, filled with despatch. . ..
. p 22 CI.NDRAT A CO.
IMPORTANT TO MILL OWNER*" AND MANIf
PAOrUKKitB.
i’ni ir,ulfit Imiirorriiurnt In Wnt«r WMfls.
TIIK HIIIHCKIBKIW arewde .yenUfor making and
vending the beat Water Wheel In the world, known a.
Vandewuter « Water Wheel. We chaUeiM the World to
produe,- IU er|U.l. It hue but recently been Introduced to
the public, and found to be far in adeaueeof another
wheel., both In i«wer and economy In waters very drop be-
Ing effective, an 1 none wanted. Thl. VVUcerl. not fn the
leant affected by back water. Ah we prefer them being
placed below tail water In every limtanoe, consequently we
get every Inch of head ; they being entirely of ca«t iron,
•Imple of conttruetlon, arc not liable to getontof order,
and are more durable than any wheel now In uae. »e
have recently put one In operation for George Hchley,
at hi. Itelville cotton factory, to whom W« would give
reference, hre certificate annexed.
All order. i*r Wheel, or Territorial Right*, will meet with
Attention by addrca»lng the oilmcrlbere.
JAOGKK, TIIKADWBLL A PKRRT.
Albany, New York.
Or to their Agent, J. J. Kjmm, Augu.ta.
[caaTirroAT*.] . ....
Auocwti, Ga., March 34,1851.
Jagger, Treadwell A Perry-Gentlemen i-I bave the
gratification of Informing yon that your Vandewater " heel
wa« .uoceMhllly pul in operation at my factory la«t ween,
ami It worked to perfection. It. .impunity, durability, auil
uniformity of .peed, are recommendiitiona alone ; butabove
all. It. higficet enemtiium I. theHinall quantity of watur It
take. a. emopared w it, other wheel.. I have been uelng
one of Reuben Rich’. Centro Vent Wheel., of three feet
and a half diameter, ami eleven Inch bucket, the diicharge
opening, measuring -too Incite.. I displaced that and put
n one of yours of ai« feet diameter, with discharge open-'
Dir. meacuring 97fi inohef, and your wiieel run the .ame
amount of niHehinary that the Rich Wheel had driven, and
here Wits a difference in favor of your, of eight Inches in
lie depth of water lu the tall race. 1 feel no hesitation In
aeominondlntiyoui* wheel to all manufacturers and mill
wner», believing It I. the greatest wheel of the age. Wish
ng you success In the intnslucton of so valuable an Im
roveraent, I main, very respectfully, yntir.. Ac.
■hffff-wly _ (.KdllOh UOin.EY.
“’| VII’OItTA.NT i'< l MAtWACTUREKS.
rpilK HI IlntiUlßl 8 ate prepared to supply all
cfWoN AND vTOOIiKN MACITINERY,
of a Nuperlor qualitr, HHAKTINw and MILL (jEARBSO , »
with improved Coupling Mf-Ollltis
which require oiling only <oce in three mouth*); LOOMrt,
f a grout variety ol Pattoraa, f"r Kunoy and Twillwl Hoods,
rom One to Kighteoq HhuttleM; aho.for Plain Good*, capa
ble of running from la)P t* 170 pUsk* |»or njinuto.
They aro enantfljA, fVoin their ektensiTO improvement*, to
produce YARNS and GOUHC. with c -mimratlvely little
al»or ; nud all Manufacturer*, before purchasing their Ma
li inery, will do wi-lUii visit Philadelphia and vicinity,
where they can see two Machinery with all the latest Im
provement*, In full and successful operation; or they can
be referral to factories in almost every State South and
West, by a hireling h line to th»* Hubacrlher*.
* ALFRED JRNBS k BON,
Feb. 185*. felß*ly Pri.leibmy.netr Phihidalphla.
N. 11. Hans of Factories, with the location of Machinery,
he simplest method of driving, and calculation of spssd,
, arnlshed free of charge." W *F
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
JiY uuuneH, Bfeot 7 or Sha-hes high, black ohm
plexion, does not usually answer very promptly
when spoken to, ia easily made to laugh, which resembles
rather what in called gigging. He has been gone about 4
been seen In the vicinity nf Augusta, and on the Savannah
and Louisville Roads h ading thereto. The above reward
will be paid for his delivery at the residence of the undcr
algned, or In the Jail at Augusta, with due notice of hie ap
prehension. A- 0. .WALKER,
v off ts Near Richmond Paetory Port Office.
A CLASSICAL TEACHER.
AMOOTIIKHN UKNTI.IiM AN, of experience, who
can come well recommended, whites to obtain a situ
atlon as TEACHER in a Bchool of high order In which
you g man are prepared fur College, lie is desirous that
he School be located In a healthy section. Als , that it
remises permanency, further information In relation to
m fan lx had l»y u.ltlressing, postage paid, O. P. Q.
Jetforson, Jaeksoa count), «a. dll-Ual
AN OVERSEER WANTED.
rjTHIS CMIhItSIGM.If H In want *f a good OVER-
A SEEK, to taka charge of his Plantation lu Burke coun
ty. None need apply who cannot com) well recommended
fur good and correct habits. Apply to the undersigned In
Aagusta. dlkwtf W. W. DAVIES.
AUGUSTA FRENCH BURR MU>L STONE MANU
factory.
TIIB subscriber, thankful for the kind patronage heretofore
extended to the bite firm of BoaiHMaa k Wound, would
respectfully Inform his friends and the public, that he contin
ues to execute order* for his well Lnowu Warranted French
BURK MILL STONER, of every desirable siae, at tho loweet
crloe and shortest notice, lie also furnishes
KSOPUS ami COLOGNE STONES,
SMUT MACHINES, of various patterns, .
BOLTING CLOTHS, of the best brand,
CEMENT, for Mill use.
An.l every other article necessary in a Mill.
Alto, for Planters, smalt GIUST MILLS to attaoh to Ola
dears.
All orders promptly attended to.
WM. 11. SCIIIRMER,
]*lß wtf Surviving partner of Sehlrmer A Wigand.
SI,OOO REWARD.
Dli. H I'NT IK It'S celebrated SPECIFIC, for the cure
of Gonorrlusa, Stricture*, Gleet and Analagous Com
plaint* of tho Organ* of Generation.
{W Os all remedies yet discovered for the above com
plaint, this i» the most certain.
vr It makes a si>e<*ly *a<! |ierm»ue*t cure without re
striction to diet, drluk, exposure, or change of applloation
lo businesis.
it i* perfectly bannles*. Gallon* of It might be
taken without injuring the patient.
iw It is put up in bottles, with full directions aooom- I
panying it, so that persons can euro themselvaiwithoutra
sorting to physicians or others for advice.
One hot tie is enough to perfhrm a certain cure. Prioe sl.
rr* It is approved and recommended by the Royal I
Ootlege of Physicians and Sut geous of London and has
their certificate enclosed.
i*r It is sold by appointment in Augusta, Ga., by
PHILIP A. MOISE,
Coder the new Augusta Hotel, and by W. H. A J. TURPIN.
Orders from the country promptly attended to.
W. hT & J. TffKPIN.
soockhok* to w. n. Team,
n OKFKH TO PHYSICIANS, Planters, Mer-
chants, and the public at large, a choice and
Ym «r.l!Dv!fil Mtvkof AND MK.OI
- CINRS, OILS, PAINTS, DYESTUFFS, Glass Ok
and Putty, Brushes of every description, Straw Brooms,
Spirits Turpeutiue, Ac., £<•.
We purchase our goods for cash, and are prepared to sell
on the most advantageous terms. Merchants will find it to
their interest to look at our prices. All articles warranted
to be what is represented. Gi\ ous a call and satisfy your
selves. e2vS
PHILIP A. MOISE. ~
IMPOHTKK AND DRALKR IS n
<O4 DRUGS and M KMC INKS, PAINTS, OILS,
\W DYK BTUPPS, WINDOW GLASS, BRUSH- T*
X& KS, rk&FUMRHY. PATENT MEDICINES, Ok
IN.STHLMKNTS, &0., Ac.
Ko. 195 Broad Nf<ve/, under (Ac Augusta Hottl.
Has now on hand a very Isrge Stock of the above articles,
which are offered for sale at very low prices, and on accom
jpodatlng terms.
Country Merchants, Pliysiclans and Planters are I
Dvited to call and examine, before purchasing elsewhere.
jalC m
D- B- PLUMB A CO.
/% ARE constantly receiving fresh and pure .j
.Medidws, Chemicals, Choice Perfumery, OBU
1 M Toilet Articles Ac., at their establishment IV
Os between 0, 8. llot< 1 and Post Office corner. Xft
Mediciues oaroßlßy dispensed at all hours, by calling at Mr.
Barnes’, corner Green and Mdntonsh ft rets n2B
THK undersigned Would call the
attention of Mtiv'uinta and
Planters t«t the extettfKe sttvk of ®
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,
which they keep in conUe« ti n with HARDWARE and
CUTLERY. Their stock of PLOWS, IIAKROWS, CULTI
VATORS, Corn SHK.LLKRS, Straw CUTTERS, Grain CRA
DLra, Fan MILLS, FANNERS, BOILERS, and all articles
In the Agriculcultural line. Is not equalled in the State
They are prepared to order at the shortest notice the best
kinds of HORSE POWERS. THRESHERS. Smut MA
CHINES, o- any articles in their line of business. They
are also Agents for the Bostou Bolting Company, and have
now on hand India-Rubber Steam Packing HOSE and Ma
chine BELTING. CARMICHAEL A BEAN.
oSI-wly
NOTICE
IHKRKBI forewarn all persons from trading for a
NOTE, rna de payable to Austin A Newman, given by
me abmt the Bth of October last, for $81.25, due the Ist day
of February, 1858. The said Note was given for a Horse,
which haa proved to be unsound, and I ;uu determined not
to pay said Note unless oocipelied bv law.
CREK.A F.. SPEARS,
nBO-wtf Newton, Baker county. Ga.
FAIRBANKS PATENT.
PLATFORM VXD f OtXTHH SCALES, WAR
RANTED.—AdapIfiI to every required operation of
Weighing—as Rail Road Scales, for Trains or single Cars;
Warehouse Scales, DonßHiit ;ind Portable; Heavy Portable
calc* on Wheels for foundries. Rolling Mills, Ac. STORF
CALKS of all siaes; COUNTER SCALES, Ac., Ac., for sale
*J- N KLSON, Asenta. mh 1
COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE."
THE undtrstoAd having THIS DAY formed a Copart
nership. under the name and style of ALLEOUD A
" INOFIELD, for the purpose of transacting the GROCERY
BUSINESS, wksfsmif and re«{tectfuUy solicit the
patronage of fheir fneu 1* and the public generally.
Store opposite Messrs. Phiniiy A Clayton’s Warehouse,
Broad street, Augusta, Ga.
M. L. Allcih d. | T. T. WiXGriBLD.
Nor. 28. 1852. n24-d6Atw6
Those indebted to the undersigned, either by note or ac
count , will please make payment without delay.
M h L ALLEOUD.
PARTNERSHIP.
THE l A'DBRbHiXKB, who have long been con
nected with the CARRIAGE BUSINESS of the late
IS. 8. nnauLT, have this day formed a Partnership under
i he style and firm of WYMAN A DARROW, for continu
! ng the business at the same store.
' G. N. WYMAN,
S Augusta, Oct- Ist, 1852. J. DARROW.
I Wt have on hand, and are receiving, an assor'm-' •
CARRIAGES, ROCK A WAYS, BUGGIES HARNESS and
TRUNKS.
Orders received for buikiihg various style* of vehicle*.
We respectfully solicit a share of natronage.
Pot. 1 st, 1552. dsAw6mog WYMAN A DARRO
BOLTIXG CfLOTHb, of warranted quality, furnished
and put up io bolts to order.
Mill Stone Plaster, prepared for backing MIR Stones, cheap
nd of th« best quality, for sale by *
WM. R. BCBIRMEJL
all vW Augarta.G#
1893. PROSPECTUS 1853.
OF THJt
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR
VOLUME XI, FOH 1853.
Dr. DIMM. IeSTT
and f- Emtnscs. %
D. KEDDOSD, |
i TEEMB.-OHE DOLLaTa TKAH rg ADVANCE
I TitrrtoiTHtaxCclßta?uai»t**4oii over) montt,
I an-1 i* cxcluaivelj dcwßod la Afneuffm, Horti, j
! culture, Floriculture, lamuMitlcaiid Farm Fa---:uy,
{ and Huabaiidry, the Breeding *ud KaiiiMir
< of llomeMic AiiiiuaJ*, I'oultry and Bee*, and the
I generalrontine of Southern ITanting and Farming.
| Tli* ft*" number of the new volume for 1.48*, ail I
I be,i<*ue_on the tiret of daDuarj. It will be
«>‘t a sheet 30 by 44 inche*, <aeh number toFm
n.tr 32 t-tare*, or BS4 pagea per year, with NEW
TTI’E, Fllxr PAPEB, AND 'BEAUTIFUL IL
LUSTRATIONS. It will afford lull and free di*-
cttH-ion to all topic* of interest to the Agricultural
cotntnundy, and will be in erary re*[a.-et nit arer
AorjccLTrKAL Papeb ix Tilt Soufil 1 and equalto
any in the Union!
Friends of Southern Agriculture!!
The CcLnvAToK was the i nter journal eatai-liaaed
in the Cotton Growing State*, oxdn.ivcly uev«ed '
to tlie intorcKte of the Planter; and a* it ha* ever j
been an earnest and con*i*tent atlvocato of thoee j
jntere-ttH, we confi<l*ntly tru*l that, having so.- U-red ;
and sustained it tbnslar, your cor-lial anugcncroti* (
suppert will lie coatinucdaud ine ea*ed. |
J't.Airraa*, DAimuNXit*, FbcitUrowm*. '
Sroca k»i*i.r*t, N'riuiEiivaXN, and all connected in
any way with the cultivation of the aoil, ail) find the
Soil hkknCCitivatoii replete with new and valua
ble information; and richly worth ten time* the
rilling auto at which it ia afforded.
TERMS OF THE CULTIVATOR 1
ONE copy, one yekr, SI.OO
SIX coTucn, S.oO I
TWELVE copies, :::::::: 10.00
TWENTY-FIVE copie*, :::::: $20.00
FlFTYjoniaa, :<: V: :::::: 87AO
ONEUfeHMUiD: i : : 75.00
' ALWAYS IN VhVAtftt
' TW Gentlemen who obtain subHcriptions, will
please forward them as early aa possible.
f.y All bills of spkoii Patino Banks received at
par—and all money sent by muil will be at our
rise.
W. S. JONES, Publisher.
Aujfaata, Oft., November 17, 1852.
thFsouthern eclectic. *"
PBOWPECTUB.
AX the first day of MARCH, 1858, the undersigned will
U is»u« the first ryjml»erof a Monthly Magaslne, under
the title of “THE SOUTHERN ECLECTIC,” to be tom
pOM-fl, mainly, of orUioal sdeclivnstrom the current P*~
rioilicsjU IMarature of the United Mates, Great Britain ,
France and Germany.
With this object in vie*r, measures will be adopted to \
serure for our use, the leading Reviews, Magazines and
Jon'-nals, published in this country and in Europe. These
will be carefully examined, and such portions of their con
tents, a* may be best adaplftl to afford profitable enter
tainment to our readers, will be transferred to the pagec
of the Eclectic.
The Koretgu Periodicals will be sent to us by mail , di
ro ily from their respective office* of jmblication; so
that the articles we shall select from them will not only
be contributions from the most distinguished Authors of
Europe, but, reaching us jrhhout tho delays incident to
other modes of transmisston, will be almost as feeh as if
written expressly for our work.
Extracts from the French and German publications will
be translated for the Eclectic by accomplished French and
German scholars.
It will be readily admitted, we presume, that the above
ola*s of Literature, when properly winnowed, embodies,
on the greatest variety subjects, the select productions
of the best writers of the-age. From the ample resources
thin brought within our reach|We shall attempt to supply
a g* owing demand, on thepurubf a considerable portion of
the reading public, for a Periodical in which alt subjects of
permanent jutemts shall be embraced, and
in which these subjects snail be discussed in a style and
spirit suited, not only to the higher Intellectual tastes,
but also to the more Practical ami Moral sentiment* of
the people.
In our selections, therefore, from the various depart
ments of learning, those productions will be preferred
which most happily combine Practical instruction and
Ethical precept with the highest Literary orcdlmce.
lu relation to general poutlce and Religion, We will en
don vor to lay before our readers such facts and such dis
cussions as will afford thorn just and liberal views, without
roi renre to any particular creeds, parties or sects.
As there is no Eclectic, at this time, iu the t elide South
or Smth-west, and as it is our object, in part to supply
this deficiency, the advancement of isouthern Agriculture,
Boutherri Literary M orks, Bouthern Institutions, and Sou
thern Interests generally, will be kept in view aa a pri
mary consideration.
A Condensed Monthly Review es Current Topics-Lite
rai y. Political, Religious and Miscellaneous—wiU be added,
which we hope will oomplc-te our Eclectic as an epitome ol
general intelligence.
It will be perceived that our woric Is not intended, exclu
»ively,for any particular elaen of readers, but more pro
perly for all reflecting readers of every class.
As Inconsistent with our main design of general uiUUy,
all dry abstractions, unfruitful speculations, professional
disquisitions, sickly sentimentalities, as well as all items of
merely transient or strictly local concern, will be excluded
from our columns.
Beveral person* of distinguished ability will aid us in our
efforts faithfully to carry out the views we have thus pre
sented; and which we now respectfully submit to the con
sid ■•ration of the public.
As we desire to issue only so many copies as may be ne
cessary to meet the demand, we hope those who wish to
procure the work from the beginning will subscribe with
out delay.
Specimen numbers will be sent gratuitously, when or
dered.
Postmasters, or any other responsible persons, who may
be disposed to act as Agstits for the Eclectic, will please
let us hear from them. Liberal commission wUI be allowed.
The usual discount will be made to Booksellers.
Editors throughout the Southern and South-Western ;
Bln ten, who may approve the objects and plan of onr work,
are respectfully solicited to aid us In placing it properly be
fore the public. Those who may choope so publish thlfr
rrtrspecfuß, trailing nttcnuou to":t* uuu-«'‘wortftnfcwfc'.
lures) and will send us copieß of the papefs containing it,
will bo entitled to an exchange for one year.
The Eclectic will be issued at Augusta, Ga., ths first of
every month, each number to centaiu eighty large octavo
pages, in double columns, to be stitched, covered, and
printed on good paper and new type.
TERMS.—For one copy, $8; for six copies, sls. All or
ders must be accompanied by the cash. Arrangements
have already been made which will render the publication
of the work certain.
All communications to be addressed, post paid, to
<l2 JOHN H. FITTEN, Editor, Augusta, Ga.
11l Juc ATIONAL^
" GREENSBORO' FEMALE COLLEGE.
FACULTY:
Rcr. ROBERT LOGAN, A. M., President.
Mr. J. BALDWIN LYMAN, A. M., Professor of Mathe
matics and Natural {Sciences.
Miss CLARA C. HARRISON, Ist Instructress.
Mr. NATHAN BOW DITCH CLAPP, Instructor in Music.
Mit*s Harrison comes with the highest testimonials from
Mrs. Willard, with whom shb has been associated as In -
struotress In the “Troy Female Seminary.”
TIIK TRUtiTKKS have changed the order of the
Sessions, requiring the first Se.-sion of the scholastic
year, to commence on the third MONDAY in August, and
end on the third Thursday in December; the second Ses
sion to oommence on the second Monday in January, and
end on the fourth Thursday in June.
The next Session commencing on the second Monday in
January, 1868, will be regarded as the second Session in
Course.
Terms for the Tuition, Including contingent expenses.
First, or Actum* Bmbiom.
Primary Department $ 8 00
Academic “ 14 25
College “ 21 26
Music on Plano 21 60
Modern Languages, each 6 60
Drawing ana Painting 8 60
* flaooßD, oi Srauia Bustos.
Primary Departmart. f. $lO 00
Academic “ 18 76
Oollege “ : 2S 76
Music an Piano 98 80
Modern Languages, each 8 60
Drawing and Painting 11 60
Prioe for Board, sl2 per month. Several Young Ladies
can be accommodated In ths family of the President.
Further information respecting the regulations of the In
stitution may be obtained by referring to the Catalogue
and Circular, or by letter te the President, or any one of
the Faculty, or to Rev. F. Bowmai, D. D., President of the
Board of Trustees. dl4-w4
MEBON ACADEMY, LEXINGTON, GA
Exercises of this Academy, now temporarily sus-
JL pended, will be resumed again on the First MONDAY
in JANUARY next. The Trustees take pleasure in an
nouncing to the people of Oglethorpe county, and to the
public generally, that they have been so fortunate as to
secure, for anether year, the services of Mr. Thomas B.
Moss, in the Male, and of Miss E. E. Killian, in the Fe
male Department of the Academy. This fact alone, they
consider a guarantee of success, aud predict that ths
friends of the Academy will have the gratification of seeing
it in a more flourishing condition duriug next year than at
any past time. All who have attended the examinations and
exhibitions in this Academy, the present year, will readily
testify that never were Pupils more proficient, or Teachers
more accomplished and deserving. The Trustees having at
their disposal a large bonus fund, are enabled not only to
command the first order of talent in the respective de
partments of the Academy, but also to furnish every con
veniency that may render instruction a pleasing duty, and
learning a delightful task. They are confident that no
institution holds out greater Inducements to those who
wish to give their children a sound, practical education
without subjecting them to the temptations which so oftwn
Wad the young astray, than Meson Academy.
Students are prepared for any Class in College. Beard
can be be obtained in families, or at the Hotel, as low or
lower than iu any neighboring Tillage. There are two
Sessions, Spring and Fall, of six and four months duration
respectively. A vacation of two weeks is given at the
close of the former.
TERMS.
First Clahr—Spelling, Reading, Writing, and Mental
Arithmetic, per Quarter, $4 00
SftOOND OLA» Arithmetic, Geography, English Gram
mar, Reading and Composition, per
Quarter, $5 00
Tann Ola**—Algebra, Geometry, Mathematics, Na
tural Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemis
try, Rhetoric, Evds. ChrisLanity, Men
tal and Moral Sciences, per Quarter,.. $6 00
Fourth Cla»— Languages, Ancient and Modern, per
Quarter, $8 00
For further particulars, address
* GEORGE R. GILMER,
n6-wßm Chairman Board Trustee*, Lexington, Ga.
WARKENTON MALE AND FEMALE SCHOOLS
r|*HK subscriber takes pleasure in informing the public
1 that the Trustees have secured the services of Miss
Arorera B. Corns, of Augusta, as preceptress of the Fe
male School; and that the Term will commence on the Se
cond Monday In JANUARY. Miss C. comes recommend
ed by gentlemen ot known character and capacity to judge,
from this and other States, as fully qualified in every re
spect for her charge. Mr. Gnoass L. Boshfr, of Colum
bia county, a Graduate of Columbian College, D. C.,
who has been engaged in teaching foe several years,
has been employed to take charge of the Male Depart
ment. Mr. B. is well known as a gentleman of acquire
ments and good character, and no doubt is entertained but
Ji»t entire satisfaction will be given. No better or more
healthful location can be found in any part of the country.
These Schools are kept distinct, aud situated m different
part* of the Town. We respectfully invite Parents aud
Guardians to assist in making these Schools respectable ia
number, standing and influence. Board may be had in
private families from »S to
See. Board of Trustee*.
Warrenton, November 3,1552. nNUall .
WBIGHTSBORO' HIGH SCHOOLS.
THE Trustees of these Institutions take pleasure in an
nouncing that they have engaged Mr. C. C. Rtciusoa.
A. M., to take charge of the Male, and Miss 51. Acorsvs
Walxib the Femle Departments the ensuing year. Os tne
high qualifications of Mr. Richard, as a Teacher, his seven
vears success in this Institution, and the present year at
Auburn, Alabama, give ample proof. For * ner p-/|‘*”'
Pline, aptness to teach, and literary acquirements^ has
few equals. Miss Walker baa taught with great succres in
Alabama three yean, and has gtvsn ample satisfaction to
Trustee* and Patrons, as the Principal of the School the
present year. The location is healthy, and the inhabitants
of the village moral. Board can be obtained in good fam
ilies at $lO per month. Tfcoee desiring to board with the
Male teacher can do so at the same prices.
Term* of Tuition in Male Department, for Primary Eng
'ith .Studies $12.60 for Term of 6 months. Higher branch
es of English and the Classics, S2O per Term. In the Fe
male flu per Term, for primary studies, and sl6 for the
higher branches usually taught in such Schools.
The first Term will commence 2d M odd ay in January,
1862. EDWARD W. JONES,
Wrightsboro’, Oct. 19. wtJall one of the Trustees.
GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE
THE next Term of this Institution will commence on
MONDAY, JANUARY 10,1568. Additional Buildings
having been erected, there will be accommodations for 180
Cadets. A copy of the Regulations will be sent to any
person desiring further information, on application to the
undersigned. A V. BRUMBY, Superintendent.
Marietta, Oct. 19,1862. o‘J2 wßm
WANTED. ~
A SITUATION, as Teacher of the common English
branches, by a young Gentleman who oan come well
* recommended. Would like to commence the first of Janu
ary next. Addrees, poet paid, X. Y. Z., Berttfla, Cotom
toe eeuaqr, fta eM-wtf
WEEKLY |
CHRONICLE & SITHL
J UPBaaiMAHT.
[From, die Southern ladled Book for Jfeoonher.}
TUM DEATH OP THB YEAR.
St IS), ts. PRSSTICS. |
List' Bat 1 what totrful last wa* that which iwm
Upou the wind of midnight f Netnre sounds
No knell o’-r earth for the departed year.
Yet when its last breath peered into the void
Os the by-gone eternity, I heard
Echoed widi.n the chamber* of any eeei
A sound, perchance the shadow of a sound,
Wild, strange and dismal, salt were e wati,
A low and bleodid wad, frem all Ihe grave*
And sepulchres of ocean asd of earth
./ Upon the stilly air. Oh was it not
'i he solemn voice of old Eternity
Uttering one cry, one wild and deep lament,
For his dead child!
The year, alaa ’ is gone
Forever frem the world ! He serened too strung,
Too mighty e’er to die. He laid hie hand
On breath lug mflii os, and they sank beneath
The green gram of the grave; ha bie » aleud
The trumpet-biast of batik, and dark holts
Met id the m< rial shock, and when the flatne
And smoke of eoulltoi had gone by, they lay
Like autumn’* red leaves on the plain; he passed
O’er earth, end *t each wave of his broad wings,
Yolcano, earthquake, whirlwind, storm, and fb»od
Sprang np beneath Ur- silent spell, and wrought
' The fearful errands «f Iheir destiny ;
f Yet now, hit own great mission done, he lies
i Or* scorched and broken pinions with the deed.
There, tliaie to sleep.
What iwUuxT
! A giant-power stars, va«, and hodilc**,
I That we may foal, but saver aae. Wt fax*
j With aching ayaa Into the past, asd there
I We see a thousand ahapa* of light autl gtooto
I H.anug like imals the pallkl beans
I Os mournful memory, but the perished year
Is all imrem. From these* w* sadly turn,
I And, gaafrjg on the future, we behold
!* Wa>. counties* phantom* trooping from Its dark
'Ln'athmned ocean to the lonaly shoe*
598aff15536?.. j
■ ■ ire .KflWlytte mighty deed.
Os the now passing time; the iron weight
Os his stern presence reate upon our souls j
We feel the awful spectre touch our browa
With his cold deathlike finger; and we hear
The deep and mingled rear that riael up
From all hi. mighty doing! on onr earth;
And yet he has no form to east it* giaaaa
Or shadow on our fight.
The parted year
Called forth from earth a blooming Paradise
Os sweet spring -flower*—be waved his autumn wand
And they were not. He woke in human aoula
Myriads of hopea and Joy* and burning laves.
That seemed like thing* of immortality—
He touched them and they died. Another year,
The gift of God, I* cast beneath the ekies,
And what i* darkly hidden In the still
And silent depth* of its mysterious months,
We may not know—thank God, we may not know.
We only know that with each passing month
And day and hour, the low, deep wail es grief;
The maddened cry of agony, the shout
Os fierce ambition, the loud thunder-shock
Os bloody eonflictgftnd the kn#U of death
Will echo, each, its ana brief mement a’ar
The sea of time, and then be swallowed ay
And lost forever in the onward sweep
Os its unpityiug waves.
The midnight skies
Are weeping silent tears aa if they grieved
For theoM year, and the pale stars look sad
And tremble, ae If living, sorrowing hearts
Were throbbing in their breaste. In vain! In vain!
The fttded year is nothing now. The flowers,
The birds, the waves, the thousand melodies
Os vernal life end nature will come beck,
But he returns no more. The winds may aeareh
For him in their far journeying*; the grand
Old ocesn with its thunder-tones may call
Forever to him in its ceaseless dash
Beneath the heavens; the bright and burning stars
With their high tones of Eden minstrelsy,
May speak his name in their eternal sweep
Along their flaming paths ; the comets wild
May seek him by the baleful blase they spread
Through realms of ancient night; but none of these
Bball ever find him, for he liveth not
In all the universe of God. Years die,
And centuries die, and there will come a dag
When the dread anpel of the Apocalypse,
Standing on land and tea, will lift his hand
And swear that time shall be no mora.
Yet thou,
Oh man, wilt never die. The earth will pass
Like a wild dream away, the very heavens
De rolled together aa a scroll, but He,
Beneath whose feet the ana and start are dust,
Hath said that thou shall never die. Those great
And awful words es the Omnipotent
Are caught up end re-ochoed to thy soul
By all the world of nature. A deep voice,
That tells theo of thy Immortality,
f 1 peaks in the broese and ii tho hurricane;
Blends with the gentle music of the stream,
The loud rush of the oataract, the peal
From the dark boeom es the cloud, and all
The thousand mystic cadencee of nighty
Deep mingles with the everlasting roar
Os ocean In his wild unrest, and swella
Forever in the angel-symphonlee
Bung by the stars around the midnight thrana.
LouavitLß, Kt., 1862.
Tsj North and thi South.—-Th* Baltimore
American, in reply both* tneera of some North
ern journal* at movemanta to ad van o* Southern
aommarcial intercato, aaya:
“What is th* North to do without that assailed,
vituperated, agitated, oonvnlsed South I What is
the basis of its commercaf What i* the basis of
its industry! What is the basis of ita exchange!
What ie the basis of its manufactures I What
feeds th* looms of England and France! What
, buildfi and freight* it* ahipa! Hard a* it may be
for that region to acknowledge the faot, th* only«
’••P'T, South and m Laror ! . !
In 1860, -nut Labor of thr Sooth gave those ele
manta, "V--■. wMd A-c-i-vp !
North coaid not exist a moment, in tne (oilowißg
enormous quantities:
Bice, 216,8U,T10 pounds.
Tobacco, 199,752,846 pounds.
Cotton, 2,270,000 bales.
Cane Sugar, 247,581,800 pounds.
Maple Sugar, 84,868,886 ponnds.
Molasses, 13,700,606 gallons.
AH this vnat production of national staples—tits
substantial basis of Northern manufactures and
commerce—ia the result of Southern labor, inde
pendently of immense quantities of provisions,
hemp, flux, cattle, and various ether articles grown
in Middle and Western States, where “theinstitu
tion” is maintained. Blot them ont at a blow—
and where ia the North ee well as the South! And
shall not that South be justified heartily by all its
parte, if, consistently with all its own interests, it
can consolidate the trade of supply and produc
tion within that geographical boundary which abo
litionism and it# kindred tricks oannot penetrate!
The South must feel that as leng as sn agitater
lives st tho North, wioked enough to entertain his
unconstitutional heresies, and powerful enough to
find s press or a politician to herald them—thore i#
uo security for its property. It is admitted that
this property and its labor is the foundation of na
tional wealth. They are, moreover, not only the
basis of national wealth, bnt among tbs strongest
elements of national power. The emblem of the
world’epeace ia no longer tn oliY# branoh, but e
Cotton Plant.
An Extaordirart Look.—The editor of the
Amerioan Artisan was recently shown a piece of
mechanism oalled Yale’s magiolook, whichisabso
lutely uupickable aa the kernel of the walnut
would be withent damaging the shell. The only
opening is e circular orifice, half an inob diameter,
tor admitting the key, and through whloh there is
no possible acoeea to the tumblers by any inetru
mout whatever—not even by the key itself, strange
a* it may seem. By a singular oontrivanoe, a por
tion of the key it detaohed after insertion, and
sent to a distant part es the loek, where it moves
the tumblers, end where the teole of the burglar
could never arrive exoept by first battering the lock
to pieces. The key-holt resembles the interior of
a small piatol barrel, end htvirg no opening in
the interior basin or the leek would not receive
powder enough to blow it opan. Th* loek is there
fore abselntely gunpowder proof. Among other
peculiarities, the key ie susoeptible to from forty
thousand to on* million of ohange*. A change of
the key change* th* look also in th* act ot locking,
*o that one may have a new lock every day for a
hundred year*! By a change of th* key after
locking, it ii rendered impossible to nnlook, even
with the tame key, until altered again. One may
thus loeo the key,’#r have it stolen, and atill enter
tain no feare of tha look* being opened with it.
The proprietor* ofhr a reward es five hundred
dollar* to any on* who will pick it through th#
key-hole, using whatever instruments he pleases,
anil taking any length of tim* that he may deaire.
The new steamer Carolina, Capt. Coxetter, in
tended to run between thi* port end Jacksonville,
Ac., in conjunction with the steamer Florida, Capt.
Willey, arrived at her wharf in thie city veeterday
evening about aix o’clock from New York, which
port she lett on Sat urday last. W* have not as yet
seen her, but understand that she is iu every re
spect a flue boat, and doe* infinite credit to tit*
judgment and skill of her wortlfv commander,
undar whoa* superintendence ah* wae constructed
—indeed th* very Act that Capt. Coxetter super
vised the building of the Florida i* a anffioiant
guaranty that tha Carolina will b# fully equal to the
moet eanguin* anticipation* of her enterprising
owner*.—Oftar. Cbvr.
Florida Lbsblatciib.—The bill to charter the
Central, Atlantic and Gulf Eallrosd has passed the
House, and i* now awaiting th* action of the
Senate. It provide* for a eubeeription on the part
of the State of two-third* of th* amount of the
Internal Improvement Fund, when one hundred
miles of the road shall have been completed. The
money so subscribed to be expended in th# con
tinuation of the road. It ie thought that the bill
will pass the Senate and become a law. Bat one
vote wae cast against it on itapaseage in the House.
An important amendment offered by Mr. Speaker
Allison tended largely to secure this extraordinary
unanimity in that^body.— Floridian.
Ak Intortant Lnvrntion.—General Croebv, of
Chautauqua, is well known te the lumber world as
the inventor of several useful improvement* in th#
sawing department*. Hi* laat invention is a long
sought doeideratnm, a circular sew for aawing clap
boards and panel stuff; or, in other word*, for split
ting plank or boards to any desired thinness. The
prooesa uow in general use i* cumbersome aud slow
comparatively, three hundred feet an hour being
deemed taet work. Thie saw will do a thousand feet
per hour, straight or bevelled; end is, in it* con
struction neat and oompaet. Worker* in wood will
appreciate th* importance of anch a maohine. One
of them would be a hadsome farttme to any man.—
Albany Evening Journal.
The London Daily New* commenting upon tbe
establishment of the French Empire, declares it to
be the precursor of a war. The News says:—
“Where the storm is first to buret, or under what
pretext*, it is impossible to tell; but the establish
ment of a Freach Empire ie oertain to lead to a war
in some quarter or another. In voting the Em
pire, th* citisens of France will find that they have
voted a renewal of tha European wars which oon
vuleed th* early years of th* present century.
Seniors Atfrat.—We learn from* friend, that
on Saturday last, Dr. Lewis Hinas, and Mr. Thomas
Harrison, both of Bryt n Oountv, had a persona.
diflßcultv at the House of a Mr.’ Tillman in Bryan
and daring the quarrel Hines drew a knife and
cut across Harrison’s throat, severing th* jugular
vein and windpipe. Harriso* lived but * short
time after receiving th* wound. We understand
that Hines has been arrested end will have legal
examination. Th* partie# previously had been in
timate friends— Sar. Eepub.
We mentioned some time since, that the own
ere of the steamer Florida, running between thi*
citv and Jacksonville, Florida, had libelled the
steamer Wm. Gaaton, for damage* snt-tamed by
the former steamer in a oollision on the St. John »
river. We understand that Jndg* Bronaon, of the
Y.S. District Court, has decreed the libellant* S4OO
damage*. —Oharletton Oovr.
Dkatb or Jmox Tatloß.-W« "P*.*® le "?
that a private latter was rec*iY»d in the «ty, yes
terday, announeing the daeease of mo Bon. *vm.
Taylor, of Randolph county, Judge es the Soqth
Western Cliwait at thie Met*.—6*edw Smtl.
AUGUSTA. GA., 5, 1853.
our'Mture gallery.
NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE FOR THE EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
We are indebted to our friends of the Savannah
Evening Journal, for the above fine illustration
of the New York Crystal Palace. This beautiful
view was originally drawn and ongraved for the
Scientific American, from which wo oopy the fol
lowing description:
Among the many designs exhibited to the ‘ As
sociation for the Exhibition of Industry,’ that of
Messrs. Cartenseu & Gildmeister, of this city, was
accepted, aud it is here presented to our readers.
The outside form of tbe building is that of a Greek
cross. Each diameter of the cross will be 865 feet
6 inches long. There will be thrse similar entran
ces—one on the Sixth avenue, one on Fortieth,
and one on Forty-socond street. Each entrance
will be 47 feet wide, and that on tho Sixth avenue
will bo approached by a flight of eight steps.
Each arm of the cross is, oil the ground plan, 149
feet broad, this is divided into a central nave and
two aisles, one on each side, the nave 41 foot wide,
each side 54 feet wide. On each front is a large
semicircular fan-light 41 feet wide and 21 feet high.
The nsivc or central portion is 67 feet high, and is
of an arch 41 feet in diameter. Thore are to be
two arched naves orossing one another at right
angles. The exterior width of the ridgeway of the
nave is 71 feet. The central dome is 1(10 feet in
diarnotor—6B feet inside from the floor to the
spring of the arch, and 118 feet to the orown; and
on the outside, with the lantern, 149 feet. At
Cach anglo is an octagonal tower, eight feet in di
ameter, and 76 feet high. Each aisle is covered
by a gallery of its own width, 24 feet from the
floor.
The number of the columns on the ground floor
will bo 190, all hollow and of 8 inches diameter,
and of different thicknesses from to 1 inch.
On tho gallery floor there will be 122 oolnmns, and
the whole structure will be constructed of glass
and iron.
Tltis Palace is to be erected at BeservoirSquare,
R---' ——: ...■ _ ■. ~?it. . -
LAND OFFICE REPORT.
The Eeport of the Commissioner of the General
Land Office to Hon. A. H. H. Stuart, Secretary of
the Interior, is s document of much interest. We
therefore lay bofore our reader* the following pret
ty full exhibit of its oontente. The oommiaeioner
commences a* follows :—BaU. Sun.
General Land Ornoa, I
November 21, 1852. |
Sir: —l have the honor to submit the following
report ot tho operations of this offioe during the
past year, with such suggestions a* seem to he
proper for further carrying out the system of dis
posing of the publio domain.
Witnin that period, 9,522,953 aores were survey
ed, and 8,032,468 acres advertised for sale.
In the last fiscal year there wore
sold 1,658,071 acres.
Located with Bounty Land War
rants 4,201,815 “
Located with other certificates.... 115,682 “
Making a total of. 4,870,067 “
Being an increase in the amount of lands sold
located with land warrant* over tne previous year,
569,220 acres.
The whole amount thus sold and located, report
ed under Hie swamp land grant, and selected for
internal improvements, railroads, Ac., exceeds
that oflastvenr by 8,342,372 acres; and the sales
would no doubt have been muoh heavior but for
tbe extensive reservations for railroads, in Missis
sippi, Alabama and Missouri.
For tne quarter ending 80th Sep
tember, 1852, there were cold.. 243,256 acres.
Located with Bounty Land War
rants 1,887,118 “
Located with othor certificates... 15,649 “
Making a total of 1,646,020 “
There were reported under swamp
land grant 2,485.288 “
Making aggre. for the quar., of. 4,181,158 “
During the past year 25,000 Letters wore reoelved
and answered; 1481 account* were adjusted and re
ported to the comptroller; 21,502 certificates of
land sales, 29,228 bounty land warrant locations,
9,818 declaratory statements, 60,000 swamp land,
internal improvement and other selections were
posted; about 70,000 oash bounty land and other
patent* were written, recorded and transmitted;
7,854,619 acres of swamp laud and other selections
were oertified to the States, and upwards of 20,900
pages of letters and acoounts were reoorded.
Among the acoounts adjusted as above mention
ed were those ot the land officers, under the aot of
22d March, 1862, “To make land warrants assign
able, and for other purposes,” by whioh those offl
cere were entitled to the same per eentage for the
loeation of warrant* sinoe the 11th of Feb., 1947, as
for oash sales.
As the law provides that all such fees for loca
tions made prior to its passage should be paid out
of the Treasury, most of the aoconnte tberefer were
made upat this offioe from the returns ofthe seve
ral officers and involved a great amount of oareful
labor, and an ontire revision of all th# aooouuta
aettled since January 1,1847.
The whole amount thus paid out of the Treasury
to 18th November, 1852, was $118,816.91.
This law, which was an aot of simple Justice to
the district land officer, and only a reasonable oom
pensation for faithfnl services, limits th# amount
of fees paid to each person from every source to
$2,500 per annum, and requires that those for the
loeationol'land warrants made after the passage of
that law ahonld be paid by the person* who made
thoae loeations. The oonsequence ha* been that
in several instance* the aggregate of fees paid in
for military locations exoeeded the maximum com
pensation of the land offioers, aud the excess has
gone into the public treasury; and therefore the
government, to that extent, haa been reimbursed
on account ofthe above mentioned expenditure in
the first instance.
The aurvey of the northern boundary of lowa
has boon completed as required by the act of $d
March, 1849, the monuments have all been erected
and a full report of the whole work, with map* of
the boundary, showing the topography ofthe coun
try, will be specially comunicated at an early day
in the ensuing session of Congress.
The promptness, energy and efficiency with
which this work has been executed, redounds to
the credit of the able and efficient Surveyor Gener
al and astronomers charged with it, and', in fact, to
all the persons employed on it.
Tbe condition of the public land* in each State
and Territory will be found set forth in the table
E, accompanying this report, in whioh the entire
area of each State in square miles and acres are
given, the quantity surveyed and unsurveyed; the
number ot acres offered i'or sale; the number of
acres sold; the amount embraced in donation* ;
S rants for schools, universities, asylums for the
eaf and dumb, internal improvements, to indi
viduals and companies, for seat* of government
and publio buildings, for military services; reserv
ed for salaries ; for the benefit of Indians; for com
panies, individuals and corporations; the area
oovered by oonfirmed private claims; th* amount
of awamp land granted te the several States for
railroad purposes; and the total area unaold and
unappropriated of offered and unoffered land*.
From the last eoluinn it will be peroeived that
there are large bodies of land in all the States end
Territoriea, extending from 25th to the 49th paral
lel of north latitude, and from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, including every desirable variety of soil
and climate, mineral and timber, and capable of
producing, in the greatest abundance, not only
Ihe necessaries, but the luxuries of life, and af
fording the widest field for enterprising industry.
Under resolutions of the two houses of Congress,
the valuable report of Dr. D. D. Owen, on the ge
ology of Wisconsin, lowa and Minnesota, land in
cidentally of the “Mauvaises Terres” in Nebraska,;
is now being printed under direction of thi* of
fioe. The report is voluminous, and will consti
tute, with its index, a quarto of about 659 pages,
with a separate volume of maps. With an eye to
economy in the excution of so large an edition as
has been ordered, it was concluded to adopt wood
engravings for tbe illustrations which aecompanv
the text; and lam happy to state that while the work
itself reflects the highest credit on tbe scientific at
tainments of iu author, the execution of it is in a
style likely to do credit at home and abroad to tbe
artistic skill of the country. The mode pursued
has been very economical, involving much less, ex
pense than any other known to the department.
The work of printing has progressed with un.
wearying diligence, and it is expeoted that a thou
sand copies will be ready for delivery shortly af
ter the meeting of Congress, and subsequently the
progress will be at the rate of five hundred copies
per week.
In this connection, I beg leave to invite atten
tion to a paper from Dr. Owen, herewith eubmit
red, setting forth the utility of a geological tnrvey
in Oregon, and manifesting a strong desire that a
special geological reconnoissance be ordered in the
region of country ia Nebraska which lies near the
head waters of Moreau, White and Cheyenne riv
ers, and in the region of the Black Hills, denomi
nated the Mauvaiaes Terra.
This is regarded as the tertiarv formation,
abounding with tbe fossil remains of extinct spe
cies of animals, each combining the distinctive
characteristic* of several existing raoes, aooording
to the decisions of comparative anatomy.
Thi* region will be found alluded to on page 194,
in theaixtn chapter of his report. The field refer
red to seems likely to be one of peculiar interest
to the geological world, in reference to whioh Dr.
Owen states “that it is not too much to assart that
since the disclosure* by the opening of the gyp
enm quarries of Moumavtre, in France, that made
ns first acquainted with those singular extinct fos
sil races entombed in th* Paris basin, no discovery
in geology bee divulged sneh extraordinary and in
teresting raanlla in palaantologg.” H* farther ts
in this eitv, s place granted ts the Association at
a nominal rent for the term of five years. It is
situated about two mile* troir. the City Hall, and
persoua will be enabled to reach it from the lower
part of the city in half an hopr.
The bnilding will be octsgotal, the double cross
being the gallariea. With tbo three public en
trances there will also be a private entrance. The
ground floor is divided into four compartment*
separated from one another by the naves and tran
sept* running at right angles with two tiers of gal
leries. The whole of the building is to be lighted
by the large dome in the centre.
The building will be seen for a considerable
distanoe, and it will command au extensive view
of the city. It will be a larger building than any
evor yeeted in our country, and will contain, on.
its ground floor, 111,000 square feet of space, and
in its galleries, which are 64 feat wide, 82,000
square feet for the purpose of exhibition. The
iutorior view of this building will be larger and
more expansive than any structure in our land,
and those who have been astounded with the first
view of a great asalmbly under a huge tent, will,
when they first behold the inside of this atruo-'
ture next year, teeming with a living moving mass
of congregated thousands ‘ hold their breath for
a time.' There are large - buildings in tho world,
such as St. Teter s at Homo, and it is small in
proportion to the London Crystaj Palace, still it
will be ‘ a thing of beauty,’ and will attract thou
sands npon thousands to this city who never vis
ited it before. It is now a subject of common con
version in the remoto districts of this great and
growing country, and already liavo young men and
old men, too, begun to lay by a few shillings week
ly or monthly that they may bo enabled to oome
from the l'ar prairie and backwoods to see the
Crystal Palace in Now York.
Measured have been adopted to obtain the ex
hibition of goods and articles from all parts of tho
world. The inhabitants of all nations have been
invited to become exhibitors,, and it will certainly
marks that “here in the -Bad Lands’ of No hr. ska,
do we anticipate the removal of the shrond of ob
livion that has so long concealed important events
in the past history of this earth, tha%mnit form a
deeply interesting chapter in it* geology. With
such prospeote of enriching tho Held* of science
from s furthsrexploration ofthis sttrsdtivo region,
yon will understand my anxiety for prosecuting
those geological rosea/Wlcs." Beaaona eiber than
the foregoing aro also urged by Dr. Owen for this
undertaking.
Last yesr, when starting the public surveys in
Oregon, the department yielded to the wishes of
the Tate delegate, who urged, iji compliance with
the desire of his constituent*, a jjjoologioal reoon
noissanoe to some extent in tho Oregon territory,
aud particularly to the Wagt of the'Casoado moun
tains. After much deliberation it was deemed
consistent aud proper to devote to such object
what remained of an appropriate!! fop similar ex
plorations in the West, particularly as Dr. Owen
had strenuously recommended ihemeasttre in con
tinuation of the development* which will bs found
long m^M*^wtd?\T' b i%T:?nn ft .!h7 or
his completifig'hie report; |aiid hence an "item m
submitted for the purpose in the estimate* of *p
propriations for the next fiscal year, and also to
cover the expense of a reconnaissance of the “Man
vaisos Terras,” in Nebraska.'
The final report of Mesari •• Foster A Whitney,
on the geology of tho Lake Superior land district,
for the completion of which an appropriation was
made at tbs last session of Congress, will be ooui
munieated in the course of the. next session.
This report will embrace ti)C most recent infor
mation in relation to theocfgior andiron mines of
tlia' interesting region.
Tho whole of tho miner|l business connected
with the sales of the publi|b .lands in Michigan,
Wisconsin, Illinois, &0., has feeij brought so near
ly to a close that there is n» longer any necessity
for the employment of a min»ral agent in those re
gions, and I therefore recommend that the servioes
of the one now employed there t<e discontinued.
Thu busiuess connected with the bounty land
divisions of this office has bean pressed forward as
rapidly as possible. Tho following table exhibits
the numbor of warranto issflod nnder the aet* of
1847,1850 and 1852; the number of those warrants
that have been located and tho number now out
standing, viz:
act Os 1947.
Grads of .No. Acres ea- No. A era* am No. Acrsiam-
Wurrant. issued braced located, braced out- braced
theieby. : thereby, al'd's thereby
ISO ecree* - .76.874 13,5M.540 69 115 11,111.300 7,406 1,183 610
40 •• 6,064 060,566 6,076 903.000 1,181 17.560
Total, 83,138 10,660.400 74,500 11X14,100 8411 1,100,300
ACT Os 1850
100aerOO...'t0,S06 (.341.760 8,831 1,411.110 13,054 1 038,040
80 " 44,*3 3,540,100 14,164 1,135,610 30 068 1,404,640
46 “ 71,566 3 443,400 90.460 339,100 60.000 1,003,000
Total. 130,698 8,804430 49.506 9,487.940 03,103 5,301,480
act or 1(52.
190 acras—Nona
99 171 13,999 171 13.980
“ 1,000 40,000 No Roturoo. I,oto 40,000
Total, 1,171 59,610 1.171 69,890
StnUtAST.
Aet of’47- 83,130 13,560.400 74.930 11,314,100 8,81( 1,136,300
Act of ’60—130,696 9411410 49406 9.1874*0 91.191 6,366 430
.. , 171 63,610 1,171 63,680
113,007 23,438,400 191,036 14.809440 101 981 7490.9(0
Notwithstanding our stringent regulation* re
specting the assignment of warrants, frauds are
sometimes perpetrated, and patents issued on
fraudulent ssignmento-
In suoh cases it has been held that this oiflee esn
afford no relief, and that the only redress for the
warrantees is through the propeT indioial tribu
nals in a suit for the title to the lands located with
their warranto. This is expensive, and may be un
certain where the holder of the pateot title sells
to an innocent purchaser, who has no knowledge
ofthefrand. The examinationa of the transfers,
moreover, materially retard the issuing of the pa
tent*, as nearly all of them aro assigned, and with
the greatest care, frauds of the oharaoter above
mentionod cannot alwajsbe detoct4id.
To avoid these evils, as far as practicable, I re
spectfully recommend that an act bo passed by
Congress authorizing this office in all cases to is
sue th# patents to the person who rendered the
service for which the warrant* were granted, with
the proviso that the title shall enurq to the benefit
of the parties contemplated by the act of 1847 and
1850, tneir heirs, assignee* *r devisees, as the case
inav be. The United (State* would thns bo divest
ed of the fee in the lands, the rights of the soldier*
and those holding nnder them would be secured,
as the rale of “ caveat emptor ” would apply in all
eases, and the questions connected witn subse
?uent transfers oooid be adjudicated by the court*,
a this way the landed titles of the country would
be rendered secure and permanent, much vexa
tions litigation present J, and the warrantees
could sell and assign as Usual. In the present
prosperous condition of the oountry, the extent of
the sufferings and sacrifice* endured in the service
for wliioh these warrants were granted, and the
value of that service, sre almost unappreciabls.
Dur ng the war of 1812 with England, j nstly
styled the second struggle for independence, our
patriotic citizens, on land and water, were ever
ready at a moment’s call to strike for freedom and
shed their beet blood in defence of their oountry.
Many of the sepatriots have passed away, leaving
their families in straitened oirennwtanee*, and oth
ers are struggling, in the autumn of life, nnder po
verty and sickness, to obtain a scanty subsistence.
W hen the act of 1850 was passed, length of service
appeared th* most just, if not the only criterion
by which the extent oftte bounty should be mea
sured. Experience, however, has since proven
that many of those whose actual setvice in the
field was the briefest, endured the greatest hard
ships and rendered most valuable services to their
country. It would seem, then, to be just, tbst the
same liberal provision should be made for them
as was extended to the soldiers of the regnier
army, and that eaoh should receive 180 acres,
whether his service was long or short, or had been
rendered on land or water.
In addition to those above mentioned, warrants
and scrip have been issued by the division having
charge of the Virginia military and bounty lands,
nnder the war of 1812, amounting to 27,768 acres.
That division has also been actively engaged in
indexing the old volumes and preparing new re
oords and abstract*, As., so as to be ready lor the
issue of scrip to the holders of Virginia military
warrants, authorised by tae act of 81st August,
1852, as soon as the proviso to the 2d section of
that act shall have been complied with by that
St&t6.
The execution of this law has been devolved by
you upon the General Land Office, and from the
experience already had, it is evident that the pro
viso in it, requiring yon to be satisfied “ by a revi
sion of the proofs, «r by additional testimony that
any warrant * * surrendered (under the provi
sion of that act) was Surly and justly issued in
pursuance of the laws of said commonwealth of
Virginia, for military services so rendered,” will
be exceedingly onerous on this office, and on the
holders of tne warrants, and will materially retard
the completion ot the business nnder it- I would,
therefore, respectfully recommend that th* said
proviso be repealed, and the issuing of the war
rants treated as prfina facia evidence that the ser
vice was rendered by the person in whose name it
was granted. It will then be difficult, in all oases,
to ascertain satisfactorily who are the present pro
prietors, as required by the act, that tha scrip may
be issued thereon.
The extent and nature ofthis business, in any
event, is each as to require an increase in the num
ber and saiar * of the clerks employed on it.—
I, therefore, recommend that the salary of the cierk
in charge .f this branch be increased to (1,500
per anna j. and that authority be given for ths
employment of two examiners, at a salary of (1,800
•esc, and two clerks to write, record end indoat
(be eerip, eta aalaaytff (1,800 east.
Ik, A
t boa matter of no small interest for the Egyptian,
» who boasts of hie country as the cradle of civilize
l tion, to meet here and shake hands with his
brother \ankee, who boasts of his country as the
model of civilization—a country, too, which three
\ hundred years Hgo was trod only by the foot of
ravage man, whose habitation waa only the wig
> warfi of branches or the cave in the cleft of the
\ rock.
* We understand that the eastings hare all been
• contracted for and given oat, and the utmost ener
l gy it being displaced to have the bnilding com
pleted so asto be opened by the 8d of May. Men
j are now bueily engaged on the foundations; great
r cotivity, however, will have to be displayed to nave
r tiniehed at the time promised; indeed, we be
i lieve it wJI not be done, for eo many contractors
[ will, in all likelihood, fulfil the old saying, ‘too
) many cooks spoil the eoup.’ However, we hope
> they will all get their work done in time, and done
[ well, but it it a very different thing to have the
work done all by one large firm like Fox & Hen
derson, than to have it done by a number of inde
, pendent companies. We being democratic, how
.* ever, in our notions, like to see large contracts di
\ Vld ® d *}p, *° to give every one a ihore of the
. spoils; but here will we hold, we do not believe
that any of the contractors will grow very lat on
, their profits. We expected that the plan of Mr.
1 ®°?ardus, of this city, would have been selected,
and the contract given to him exclusively. Hie in
yentive talents, and his great experience (in fact
he is the only practical man in our country) in the
I construction of iron buildings; his superior pa
i mode of arching, bracing, and uniting the
different parte together, pointed him out to us as
i “ an for the hour.’ The Committee of the
i Association thought differently from us, and we do
not presume to know their business so well as they
do themselves; but one tiling we will say, and that
a§ a prediction, the building will cost the company
far more than what it would have been contracted
for as a total, by ‘the Ame rioan-i u ventor of east
iron buildings.’ '
» In referenoe to this branch of the office, I beg
leave to invite the attention to the condition of
some of the reoords of Virginia mi litary patents for
’ >» Ohio which were issued prior to 1624.
loose records are so deficient that certified copies
1 ot them are of no uso, and cannot aid in sustain
-1 th ® of the parties to whom patents were
Issued, Dor can they be made available in their
present condition by any act of Congres». In
1 some cases, the name of the grantee is not insert
ed, and, m lieu of a description of the land, the
P warran tw |pa»ted in and the whole of the latter
part of the record, including the iignetures of the
officers, is left blank.
Two modes are suggested, by which these re
cords may be completed, undeT authority of an act
■ of Congress ; one is to call in ths original patent*
or duly certified copies of them from the records
‘ of the counties in which th* lands are situated,
and to complete the records therefrom ; the other
■ is to endeavor to complete them from the titlo
' papers on file in this office. The former would bo
tha hotter plan in all oases where it can be adopts
M *he latter where the original patent*, or
‘ pre-emptions to ceratin settlers on the Monomon
: oe purchase, north of Fox River, and the latter
‘ to protect actual settlers upon the land on the
line of the Central Railroad and branches, by
granting pre-emption rights thereto,” —instruc-
tions in accordance with the provisions of those
’ laws were prepared ajgd transmitted to the respeo
[ tive land offices, where the reserved land were or
dered into market, that all persons contemplated
by the latter law might have an opportunity of
availing themselves of its benefits. Tnose instruc
tions were sent by telegraph to those offices where
the time intervening between the passage of the
I and the approaching public sale was too brief
to reach them by the oromary mode.
; In feet every means within the power of this
r °® c « have been applied to carry out the liberal
views of Congress towards this meritorious class
! of our citizens ; notwithstanding which, many ca
ses of great hardship have occurred inconsequence
of some of the restrictions in th# act of 1841, which
j are so plain and positive as to leave this officer no
discretion. One ofthese is tho provision limit
t ing the pre-emption privilege to those who settle
| upon lands which were surveyed prior to smeh set
tlement. This restriction should Se abolished, and
settlements enoouraged on all lands to which the
Indian title has been extinguished. Another of
these provisions is that pro-omption rights shall
not be attaohed to any “section of land reserved to
, the United States—alternate to other sections
> granted to any of the States for the oonatruction
• of any canal, railroad, or other publie improve
ment.” ...
, This inhibition should slto be removed, end
i pre-emptions granted to all suoh lands, at an in
| oreased minimum.
i These proposed extontions of th* pre-emption
privilege would be no more than justio* to the *n
j terprtemg oitizens, through who** energy toil end
, privations the chief value his been given to the
■ publio domain, the treasury of the country enrioh
’ ed, and the fruitful vallies of the West opened up
, to the settlement, of the million* who now oooupy
i that favored region.
• I invite the attention of Oongrees to the reoom
, meedation* heretofore made for the revival of the
act of 8d August, 1846, “providing for the adjust
-1 ment of all suspended pre-emption land claims, in
, the several State* and Territories.” and for the
extension of the provision* of that aet and those
, of th* 8d Marsh, 1719, and 24th May, 11*8, for
, the correction of errors in making entries of land,”
to all cases where the locations have been or may
be made with bonnty land warrants or othor scrip.
Th# revival and extension ofthese laws will as
, ford relief to many meritorious eases where inno
, cent persons have been led into error by ciroum
•tance. beyond their control, and will remove a
[ cause of much labor and correspondence to this of
fice by the final disposition of snoh oases. Every
j principle of justice requires that the some facility
and indulgence shall be extended to those who 10.
. cate land with warranto or scrip as to those who
purchance for cash.
Case* of great hardships have arisen where bona
fide settlers have endeavored to secure their home
steads by warrants, aid why, having been misled
in the description of the tract, have located their
warranto upon lands that were comparatively val
, neless to them, leaving their own improvement*
subject* to sale or looation for want of ths means
, of securing them.
Bv the treaty of 1882, th# Chicka.aw ceded to
the United States their lands in Miasiasippi and
, Alabama, containing, aooording to aotual survey,
6,718,586 27-100 acres, and pursuant to the treaties
of 1688 and 1884 with that tribe, there has been
. disposed of, by granting individual Indian re
serves, and by publio and private Bale, the greater
; portion of the whole oeesion, leaving in faot but a
• little over 200,000 acres indisposed of. These un
sold lands under the graduation principle in the
\ treaty of 1884, and now liable to sal* at 12Uo nts
an acre, except 640 acres known as the “Land
Offloe” lection at Fontotoo, the sale of which is
specially provided for in the supplement to the
treaty of 1882.
By the Uth artiole of tho treaty of 1834, it is
provided tbet r honld the expenses of these lands
“prove greater than the reoeipts,” the Chiokasaws
may declare the residue of them abandoned to the
United States. This office, from time<to time, has
reduced the expenses of the land ayotem in the
cession by dispensing with the servioe of such offi
cers at had brought the branches of business en
trusted to them to a oloee. In order, however, to
conduct the sales in the cession pursuant to treaty
stipulations, it has been necessary to continue the
Register and Receiver at a salary of (1200 each as
suthoriaed in the treaty. If no stops should be
taken at an early day in the way of finally treating
with the Indiana respecting th* residue of their
lands, I recommend the passage of a law authori
zing the Executive to attaoh those lands to a con
tiguous district, and to sell them, free of expense,
to the Indians. In this way they wonld be relieved
at onoe from the annnal expenses now incident to
the employment of a Register and Receiver at the
salary specified in the treaty, and the “Land office
section” could be sold to the best advantage—a
measure not only beneficial to the Indians, bat
doubtless desirable to the town of Pontotoc, to
which it is adjaoent.
Under other treaties with various tribes of In
dians, individual renervations have been allowed
at a very early period in the operatiens of our
government.
By the treaties .of ISB2, with the Creeks, a large
number of reserves was granted, and a sale of them
authorized—and in 1838 Congress passed an act
making it obligatory upon the Executive not only
to issue patents to theyirrt purchaser*from the In
dians, whose contracts baa been approved by the
President, but also to recognise in the isening of
patents, any i ntormediate assignment*, when found
satisfactory from the flret purchaser to the last
claimant.
By the treaty of 1880, with the Choctaws, nu
merous reservations were allowed, and patent* re
quired to be issued to the reserves nnder the 14th
article, and to pnrebaaera from the Indians nnder
the 19th article and supplement to that treaty.—
These and other kindred treaty operation*, have
devoted an immense amount ot bntinees upon this
office, bat such ha* been the progress made in it
that we are prepared to issue patents on demand
in any nnconteeted case, where the proceedings are
found regular.
By the aot of Congress, approved 27th January,
1851, Congreea authorised a grant of the “ right of
pre-emption to oertain purchasers and settlers on
the Maison Rouge grant, in the event of the final
adjudication of the title in favor of the United
States.”
Ths Maison Rouge title, in a petitory action
: same before the dtfpraQw Court of tim United
Ssatoe in IMS. in the mm of the United Mates v».
' Sine* w# art to have a World’s Fairin New-York
’ next year, we now hope it will be an honor to the
country, in every respect. We have not altered
| the views hitherto expressed, respecting the ob-
J. jects which led to the erection of this building and
‘ the holding of a World’s Fair in this city. But we
" now hope that our countrymen of every art and
J trade are preparing themselves to exhibit maohinee
and.apparatus which will moke us proud of their
1 genius and artistic skill. We have seen it stated
that England will do every thing to decry our effort,
" such language exhibit* a silly fear, in wbioh there
is not tliu leust necessity for indulging. From time
to time, as matters of interest turn up. we will re
port progress to our readers; we shall keep them
" posted up on all things new, and tho Scientific
American is determined to keep up its first add
’ prominent position in making the best reports, and
’ illustrating the newest and most interesting ma
chines, Ac., that will be displayed in this great
1 American Crystal Palace. Wo have named this
building th# American Crystal Palace, not after
the European fashion which gives that name to
royal residences, and those which hsvobeen honor
ed with royalty sleeping in them, bqt because it
1 will be taken possession of by a whble army of
old and young American kings and queens next
1 year. Wo do not expect to see them carried to it
m carriages drawn by cream colored Arabian hor
' see, but in the royal cars of the Sixth avenue rail
road which will take os many passengers as may
; choose to go, from Chambers street to the Palace,
1 lor only on* live cent piece each. We should all
be glad if Queen Victoria would come over here
1 to pay ua a visit and see onr 1 New York World’s
1 Fair;’ ah* would meet with a rcallv true and kind
welcome. American gallantry would exhibit itsolf
; in manly respect and dignified courtesy. Wears
confident that she would go away heartily pleased
with her American cousins, who believe hor to bo
a good wife and mother, and a great deal better
man, so far as good aen«e and the government of
her people are concerned, than many men who
have a considerable reputation for statesmanship.
I King & Coxe. and again in 1849, and deoißiona
F were then rendered against it, but there was noth
ing in those decisionsthat warranted the Executive
■ in proceeding to disposb of the lands as publipprq
i perty, in the absence of express •directions' from
Congress, i - 4 . |
In 1860, however,’ it Again oame before that oourt
m the case of the United States vs. Lamerstals, un
der the aot of Congress, approved 26th May, 1824,
and 17th J une, 1844, and under these laws a de
cree was rendered by that tribunal against the
validity of the title. The 7th section of the said
act of 26th May, 1824 deolares in tho osbo of a
final decision against a claim that “tho lanit
shall forthwith be held and taken as a part of
the publio lapd* of th* United States, subjeot,”
In view ofthis provision of law, thia offloe was
of opinion that the contingency contemplated by
tho said aot of 27th January, 1851, had ooourred,
and accordingly my predecessor, on tho Bth of
Maroh, 1851, dispatoned instructions to the proper
land oftoer to give effeot to the aaid act of 27th
January, 1851.
ground has been taken that there ie no propriety
m acting under said aotof 27th January, 1851, until
this last mentionod oase shall have been decided
on tho appeal.
In my communication to yon of the 80th nit., it
is shown that this offloe has taken a different view
of the matter, and deolinod compliance with an ap
plication for a suspension of the notioes nnder
the act of 27th January, 1851, in consideration of
the terms of the aforesaid 7th section of the aet of
26th May, 1824, tho decree of the Supreme Court
in the oase of Lanier, and the requirement of the
eaid aet of 27th January, 1851.
As the notices ooutcmplated by the aot of 27th
January, 1851, will not, however, be given until
the official returns Bhall have beon made of the pub
lio surveys within tho exterior lines of said claim,
some time will yet elapse before auy final action will
be had in the way of disposing of the lands within
the limits of the said claim.
It is recommended that a general law, similar in
prinoiple to tne act passed in the Maison Rouge
ease, be enacted, so as to relievo snoh settlers as
may be in a like situation on other cluimn yet be
fore the courts, and in whioh final dociaions may
be ordered aginst the Spanish or French title.
On the 8d March, 1851, an aot was approved
“ for the settlement of certain classes of ‘private
land claims within the limit* of the Baron De Bas
trop grant,’ and for allowing pre-emptions to cer
tain aotual settlers in the event of the final adju
dication of the title of the aaid De Bastrop in fa
vor of the United States.” Th* Supreme Court of
the United States having rendered a decision
against the validity of the De Bastrop title, which
covered over a million of Aroens, this office, pur
suant to the requirement* or the said act of the $d
Maroh, 1851, issued the necessary instructions in
order that a report might be made by the Land
officers on the several classes of claims under lie
Bastrop.
That report has been received, and pnrsuant
to the Brd auction of the Aot, will bo laid before
Congress at an early day of the ensuing session.
Pursuant to the aot of Congress, approved fid of
March, 1851, for ascertaining and settling the pri
vate land claims in California, the Land Commb
•ionora who had been appointed to perform the
duties prescribed by that law, effeoted an organi
zation in the early part of the present’ year, and
held their first session at Sqn Ffanoisoo, and since
then, according to advioea dated in August la*t,
they were preparing to hold a session in that month
at Los Angeloa, pursuant to the order of th* Pre
sident.
They had farther been directed to hold a session
on the 16th November, 1852, at Santa Barbara, and
on the 16th of February, 1853, at Mointorey; but,
upon their recommendation of th» loth of August
last, the order for the sessions at Santa Barbara
and Monterey waa revoked, and another session
at Ban Franciaoo waa direoted to take place on the
16th November, instant.
The reasons urged by the commissioners for
their return to San Franoiaoo were that they might
be able to despatch the cases at that place which
were ready for examination and hearing, and which
would remain in suspense somo eight or nine
months from the date of their letter, if the order
for tho sessions at Santa Barbara gnd Monterey
were carried into full effect.
[dii pages of the report io hero oocnpied with a
detailed statement of the offloial prooeodings of
the oammisaionera in California, in whioh it sp
ears that 298 cases were pending before the ooard,
and that testimonies had been taken in 115 of
of them. The board furnishes reasons to conside
rable extent for the decisions they havo made.]
The report then prooeeds thus:
I beg leave to invite tbo attention of Congress
to the propriety of prescribing, by legislation;
somo measure for ascertaining and settling any pri
vate rights whioh it may bo our duty to reoognize
in Gregoa, in view of the stipulations in the trea
ty of the 15th of August, 1348, at Washington,
between the United Stales and Great Britain. In
prosecuting the public surveys in that Territory,
thia office was nnder the necessity of prescribing a
general rule for the government of the Surveyor
General, in order that he .might avoid, as far as
practicable, any interference with valid right*.—
The action of that officer, however, ia the nutter,
in the absence of legislation, must neoesaarily be
partial and inconclusive, and I, therefore, must
again advert to the subject in the hope that proper
legislation, may be had at the present eeasion, in
case our Government should not avail itself of
the right of purchase recognized in th* Treaty.
The duties of the private land olaim branch of
the service are now extremely intricate and oner
ons. By reason of the enhanced value of the pro
perty generally throughout the country, conflicting
interest* arise, and perplexing questions of law and
of foot are constantly coming before the depart
ment for examination and decision, often involv
ing interests to an immense amount—and when
such progress shall have been made by the tribu
nals constituted for the adjudication of private :
land titles in California a* will bring them before
the General Land Office for it* examination and
definite action in the way 01 issuing United States
patent*,for the same, our labors and reaponsibili
tiea will fie seriously increased in thia branch of
the service.
The Commissioner then cnlli the attention of
Congreea to such legislation as will anthoriae the
survey and sale of lands reserved for military and
other purposes, the object for which they were
originally let apart being now aocompiUheiL
Surveys In several of the State* have been closed, :
and the archive* of the offloe* tnmed over to the 1
officers of the respective States. A similar course
wiilaooa be abopted in referenoe to other otates.
Wkh this action all surveys, re-surveys or sob-di- ,
vision ceases. 1 I
The expense on the publio lands should bo abat- i
ed as speedily as it can be properly don*. 1
Attention i» invited to the interesting report* of 1
ttSJSF^* o** 0 *** 1 * ' 3S *” ■
4* the sales of the public lands progress in dis- !
l K e uecessity arises fox consolidating i
district*—provided lor by aet of Conirress—and
nient to o thß^ the m"* 1 80 88 to be mol '® oonve- <
ment to the unsold portions of the district.
B r& u t of swamp and over
b7 tbe of 2d Mar«h, <
JU*r. j^* <nber ’ *B% haa progreesed slowly, (
notwitdatandinggreat dilligenseand activity tothe 1
ISL®* °n if, , Some of the land officers, al- i
though repeatedly urged, have failed to mako I
one return*—which delays the closing of thegrant. 1
.. t ™ n P T#B *, 18 ashed to remove all doubts about ]
the titles of the United States to land* selected 1
underact of 4th September, 1841, for schools and I
other purposes, by declaring that all aneh eertifl- I 1
eeta* which have been or mayb**h#r**fter leeued, n
Wall b* regarded as#onr*ying th* ft*.
Th* n»*»«tity for regulating, by a*t of Congress * 1
VOL. LX.VI.~NEW SERIES YOL.XYII.-NO. 1.
the survey of the lands in California, is urged at
length and with ohacscteristio ability.
The propriety of extending the United States
land system over the Territories of Nebraska, Utah
and New Mexios, is also respectfully eubmittedt.
Whon the surveys are established, every facility
should be afforded to those persons who have se
tled prior thereto, to seeuro their houses, either
by grant or pnrohaao. The hardy, industrious,
enterprising populations are appropriately refer-
I.and offices should be created in California,
Oregon and the territories referred to, with a re
gister t* each.
The township lines slope should be extended
over the valuable deposits ot tho preoious mine
rals, and all lands containing those deposits be left
free to the enterprising industry of all oitixens of
United States, and those who have declared
their munition to become such, to work and mine
at pleasure, without let or hindrance, except bo
fur as the salutary regulations of law may dictate.
Beferenoo is made to the able report of a former
cdtoinissiau of tho Goitontl Laud offloe, dated
Nqp. 29, fS4S, on the subject of the mineral lands
ou the tipper Mississippi, and tho actual loss to
tho government in cash by the leasing System. A
belief is expressed that similar legislation will be
avoided in regard to His mineral lands on the
'Paoifio. *
The wiso policy ot granting public lands to
schools and other institutions of learning, j*
brought to notice in a very eloquent and !m
preajve manner. The report apprizes Cougreas,
at Ipngth, that tlio publiaaehoolSuf the District of
Columbia, alone,'have pot heretofore enjoyed this
• liberality of Congress. The effort of tho citizens
to. estab’liali n judicious system of eduoatiou Jo
hjMsomely sot forth.
Tlie closing part of this very able roport, being
of absorbing interest, 1 again copy therefrom, aa
follows:
The grant for the Mobile and Chicago Railroad,
made by the act of 28tli September, ISSO, so fur as
tho Stato of llliur.il is concerned, where the se
lections have been completed aud the lands re
tained by the Government brought into market,
Ha etrohgly iti point in support of this viow. Here
the greut anxiety was manifested to obtain lands
along the road, even at the enhanced minimum,
and' thousands of acres were disposed .of that
j would probably itave remained unsold fosmauy
< - m
So far, then, aa grents of this character are con
cerned, tho severest critioism oannot justly charge
them os violations of the compacts with the sever
al Statoa from whioh they wore aoquired, to wit:
that they should bo considered a common find for
the use and benefit of all the States; nor as the
slightest infringement of the pledge made of them
by the aot of 23th January, 1827, for the redemp
tion of tba public debt.
The avenge costs of railroads in the U. States
has been found to bo about $25,000 per mile. The
grunt of six sections, or 8,640 aereaper mile would
not quite realizo SIO,OOO at the double minimum.
The balance of over $15,000 per mile, would have
to be furnished by the State, or the individual en
terprise to whicb the construction of the road
might bo entrusted, and it would be unjust to tho
intelligence aud foresight of oitizeoß to suppose
<that works of this kind would be undertaken
without a fair prospect of completion, and the re
alization of reasonable profit from tho investment,
Tho act passed at tho last session of Congress
granting the right of way and the privilege of
taking the necessary matorial for the eonstrno
tion of all such roads from the pnblio lands ; is a
fair introdnetion to this polioy. The facilities
furnished by such roads, so far as human agenoy
can accomplish it, will annihilate time and spaoe,
and like adamsntino bonds bind together this
mighty and wide spread republic.
With these views, 1 respectfully reoommend
that grants of the character be made to the seve
ral States for every work of the kind they may
undertake; and especially to the States west of
the Mississippi; for the construction of railroads
from that Tiver along the fertile valleys watered
by the etreams that doscend from the Bocky
Mountains, to tho foat of thMe mountains, and
that liko grants be made to the State of California,
and Territories of Oregbn, Utah and New Mexioo,
tor routes leading from the Pacifio to the west side
of those mountains, leaving tho transit of the
mountains to individual enterprise, or the en
larged libera’ity of Congress, in view of tho im
mense facilities and advantages that would enure
to tho oomuierciat interests of the country from
such communications.
The protection that would thus be extended to
oitizens residing on the frontiers, tho inducements
to settle on these lands, and tho faoiiitiee that
would be furnished the government for transport
ing annuities and goods for the Indians and men
and military stores for tho frontier forts, would
fully justify suoh grants, aside from the pecuniary
profit growing out of them.
Or, if the States of lowa and Missouri should
oombine to construct each e road from some point
ou tho Missouri river west of the Western bound
ary of those States, and the Statd of Arkansas and
Louisiana should in liko manner undertake the
construction of a Southern road for the mutual
benefit of those States, that liberal grants be made
for thoso purposes. > ./to*
Tho vast importance of these measures will as
oure their completion if tbjey aro onco commenced;
and rnauy now living wilt see the watera of the
A'flantio and Paoifio brought within a few days
travel of eaoh other, and our country become the
mart and medium or the trade of tho world.
It is estimated after deduoting all the swamps
and overflowed lands granted to tho State of Lou
isiana by the Aote of the 2d Maroh, 1849, and 28th
September 1850, that about 10,000,000 seres will
.remain to the Uuited States, much of whioh is ot
very inferior quality. The justioe and propriety
of constructing the neoessary levees ond drams to
protoot the oonntry from annual inundation, have
heretofore ongagod the attention of Congress, and
formed the Bubjeot of a roport from the Depart
ment S&tßAugftst, 1850, n oopy
pnblio land system, now extending from the At
lantic to the Paoifio, and from the Lakos, and 49
denrees north latitude arinost to the tropio of Can
cer, has given it an importanoe, commensurate
with its high responsibilities and duties. Those
duties, as heretofore adverted to In reports from
this offloe, may be briefly classified under the fol
lowing heads :
The examination and tenting of the regulority
and legality of the sales of tho pnblio lands as re
ported to the General Land office from the local
land officers in the several laud districts of the
United States, und the settlement of individual
conflicts, and other adverse rights; .
The examination and adjustment of the ac
counts or the land receivers or public moneys and
tho surveyors general t
The examination ofpre-oinption claims sent up
from the Distriot Land Officers for review aud
instructions, and the settlements of disputed eases,
numerously and often complicated :
The examination of land warrants growing cut
of the war of the revolution, last war with Great
Britain, and of the Mexioan war, under aot of 1847
and tho general law of September 1850:
The dutic» incident to the pnblio surveys in tho
drqftiny branoh of this establishment, requiring
knowledge ot surveying in oil its branches, and
skill in.practising and platting;
Tho examination generally of assignments of in
ohoate titles, under local statutes restiug on ordi
nary conveyances, devise on Bales under orders of
Probate Courts, or decrees in Chanoery partner
ship titles, and titles of corporations:
The engrossing, recording and examinations of
patents for rights nnder the credit cash, and milita
ry systems:
In executing the laws bfCongress making grant*
of land) for (minty Hate, tchoolt, road* oanaU and
other purposes :
The examination of claim* and title) derived
from Great Britain , I’rnncc and Spain, in connex
ion with the confirmatory statutes and the decis
ions of the Supremo Court of the United States, in
which the original evidences of title are necessari
ly drawn in review in relation to errors of law, or
of fact, or of conflicts, and in order to a right de
termination of locality, and extent of confirmation
and finally to carry them into patents from the
United States, requiring a thorough knowledge of
all tho laws of the former and present govern
ments on the subject, and involving a vast amount
of labor and complexity:
In the investigation of evidenoes of olaima to
reservation* under Indian Treaties, in order to
carry snoh right into patent according to the
terms of grant, or transfer, these often giving
rise to embarrassment, in the settlement of con
flicts :
The preparation of instructions to the Survey
ore General, and superintending tho extension of
the surveying system, and the revising of the re
turns to secure cffioiency, uniformity, and correct
ness in the local duties aud the correction of er
rors in field operations—often a work of great del
icacy and difficulty;
Tho preparation of general instructions to the
Land Officers, and general correspondence inci
dent to the immense details of tho system :
For examination of cases referred for examina
tion by Committees in Congress, and other duties
inseparable from the general supervisory powers
of this office.
In tho operations of this Institution, our rules of
action have necessarily to be determined, after a
care fill examination of the voluminous legislation
of Congress, the decisions of tho State Courts and
of the Supreme Courts, of Treaties with foreign
powera and with Indian tribes, and the opinions
of the Attorney General of the United States, aud
the precedents existing in the office.
The foregoing may furnish soma ides of tbs
scope of the duties, labors and responsibilities of
this office—the manner in whioh they are discharg
ed, we leave to the judgment of an enlightened '
government, and the intelligence sf those repre
senting the vast landed interest* of our oonntry
and their constituency.
For details for the statistics and other subjects
referred to in this report, I beg leave to rofer to
the accompanying doonmenta and tables.
The reports of the Surveyor General of Califor
nia and Oregon, not haviDg been received in time
to accompany this report, will be submitted with
a special communication. For the same cause no
estimates are submitted for Surveyor in California;
they will form the subject of another oommunioa
tion at an early day.
i
Peace.— How beantiful is peace—at tho home
hearth, in sociciety, in the nation, and over all the ,
eajth. Obliterator of feuds—washer out of blood- ,
-stains, and uniter of earth’s racesin loving brother- (
hood. Six thousand years ,ince,C'ain smote hia bro
ther at tho altar, the earth has travailed with war
and in blood. The only landmarks# spared by the t
ages, have been trophies of ferocious conquest. —
Rpin and terror have swept over hills and valleys, ,
and seas: and humanity Dorn with such a noblo
and glorious visage, has walked a perturbs and
terrible spirit, in Ibis earth garden and paridise of ,
God. Peace which should have boen the compa
nion of man, and the inapiror ofjoy, has only flash- :
ed at brief and wide intervals, through the oloud ‘
aud storm of earth’s life. But it will not be ever e
so. The war of h umanity with itself— its suicidal ’
strife—estrangement from its original nature, and “
from God. oannot always last. Eighteen huidred
years sgo, one came upon the earth, heralded by *]
angels, who sang “ Peace on earth, and goodwill q
unto men.” And the prophecy of that song will r
come to pass. The unnrtural war among men, so- H
cieties, and nations, must cease. Slowly, and oer- r
tainly, the cloud and tempest will roll book, unveil- s
ing the dear aud serene sky, and humanity, self- d
bound, like Prometheus to the rook, will shake on t
the vulture whioh tortures it to agony. Peace n
will come to all the earth, for God has sent a token (
and given promise of it. Then shell the dove fly fc
out from the human ark, over the wide sea of g
earth’s ruin, plucking the olive leaf, and the bow of ti
promise shall be bnng in tbe heavens, that the wa- ti
ter of war’* desolation shall no more oover the b
earth.
Great Pal*#.—“ Hoe’s last fast press." with eight tl
cylinders, just compiled for the Pliiadelpbia Led- l
ger, was put in operation at the establishment of b
die manufacturers, in New York, last week, when a
it made between 21,000 and 82,000 impressions per
hour. Tho Messrs, floe have nearly completed an
other press of the same description for tbe Ledger, ’
In feetthe contract was that the two were to be “
made so exaotly alike in ev rey particular,fevery bolt- *
hole, piece or pert of each fitting the same port of ’
the other,) that in eeee of the breaking of both pres
ses St the seme time, unless they were to be broken i
in tbe same plaee, fcey eould mill make a perfect t
prase es the Vwe. . §,]
From the Lmteeilk Journal.
, A DREAM OP THE OLD AND NEW TUX.
! I bed a strange wild dream—end et I dreamed
kfethought I stood within n ruin grey,
where broken columns In the moonlight (learned.
Tolling n tele of splendor end decay.
Its dome was shattered, end the solemn iky
r booked calmly down upon the orumbltng wall.
And e dim robe of shedosrs seemed to lie
Upon It sadly, liko e funeral pell.
IWlce of beauty end of pride were there,
i Statues, the fruit of study and of toll,
Alt crushed end bleekened-they were noaeUoytWr
For tho relentless touch of time to spoil.
[ Pictures, whlsh, glowing in their new-born hues,
Had seemed to breath) beneath the painter’! eye
New tem end moulded by the damp iSdews, ’
from out their ruined frames hung moureJUUy.
fragments of crystal, nrns and vases set
, With gorgeous jewels, were ell scattered there,
And I could fitnay that there lingered yet
' A scent of dying flowers upon the air;
But Hoards orawled upon the marble floor,
And tho wild shriek of an ill-omened bird
Smote upon my ear, where oft In days of yore,
Voluptuous etrelne ot mnslc bed been heard.
Mirrors, that seemed but formed to multiply
The matchless form of beauty, and beguile
i The speaking glances of e seul-llt sye
i J* To g»se enraptured on Its own bright smile,
Ijwotcfrom the wells In broken beauty gleamed; _
And ns tbe mooubeems pale and coldly bright
Upon each shattered surface shone, they seamed
Reflected with a strange end ghastly light.
t And fear was stealing on me as I stood
Within thatruined palace all alone,
< when a deep sound as of a rushing flood
Was heard, and then a low and walling 10-t
Ofdli ge-itke music woke the elumbering air,
Asa tall nomtral shape came sweeping by.
It was old lather 7Vme,and he wee there
To see another or his children die.
And with him came a bent and withered form,
Whose hoary locks were whiter then the veil
Os spotless snow that clothes the winter storm;
.. JL 1 * *F* bl» furrowed cheek was pdfs.
Tls well, sold Tithe, '‘that thou hast waadared hero
To 11)1 thy doom, and mingle with the post,
’Mid fallen splendor, Oh! departing year,
’Tie meet that tliou Mhouldtd come to breathe thy tael, i
“And tell me, In thy Journey o’er the earth,
Have joy. or sorrows In thy pathway aprungf
Ilea thy abort pilgrimage been cheered with mirth.
Or mournful waiUnge In thine eet-beenruagV-
Which Is thy spring of life, shell come no more- SS 7
Sbppeaby the suflbeeting chIU of death." W
And the Old Tear replied, "My life has been f
Varied and changing at tbe shspeleasair— •
More misery than Miss on earth I’ve seen,
Woe# bortyiefbre me are still toouMng then.
I’ve looked on pleasure!, but to see them live.
As gaudy Insects, born amid the light,
To glitter fore moment, and then give
Their brief existence tdbe quenched In night.
“rve watched the peasant toll In thankfulness,
More happy and contented on his way
Then those who In rich robes of purple dross,
Still fare most sumptuously every day.
I have seen sorrow In Us bitterness,
Yet cheered by hopes, look up, end tmlle again,
And poverty and want and wretchedness
Llvt ou, to know that hoping was hi vain.
II I’ve looked on tore, constant, devoted love.
Hello of Eden’s Am end purer bliss,
Sullied by earth, but stolen irom above.
The brightest t&Uemen of happiness.
Power may fall and lortane pass away.
Beauty may fade and weeping dim the ays.
Tst on life’s desort love still sheds Its ray, .
One mortal spark of imenortaUtyl
" Tvs seen the tyrant, with an Iron will.
His vigil o’er a noble people keep,•
Crashed, but unoenquered, I have left them, still
Too brave to tremble, end too proud to woep.
I’ve watched the spirit of a Union cease
From struggling, .nd the ange! smile above
To sSe Columbia’s bosom rtst In peace,
Warmed by tho beams of fellowship end love.
“ I leave a nation writhing In the throes
Os anarchy, where striving fectiontstart
The Are of hate, and cell up petty wars
To burn and rankla in her mighty heart.
Oh would the dauntless spirit that has fled
Could quit the tomb once more In might to relau
Weep, glory which Napoieon shed
Around tby greatness, ne’er will beam again ! M
lie paused, and from tbe hoary wing of Time,
Lo I aa I looked, a drooping pinion fell,
When on the midnight air a diaiant chime
Tolled mournfully the (lid Year’e funeral knell I
There was a rushing sound, a plaintive cry:
To the dim vault of agre it had pygt,
A speck, an atom in eiernity,
Os many a mortal’s years In lift, the la*.
From whence to earth the rosy hours stray
And the v were welcoming the New Year there.
Tears for tho dying had boen quenohed in mirth.
And strains of f,dry music rose on high:
Another olrild of Time had sprung to birth
And loud rejoicings rent the morning sky.
A soft, delicious breath of lnoense crept
From Jewel, cl oensera through tho sparkling air,
A"Jf oer be tvenly flowers some breue had swept.
To weft the treasures of their fragrance there;
And round each spirit-form e veil was thrown.
Woven of diamond-rays, ss I beheld them threat
xhere on the whig* of sleep my son! had flown
To steep Iteelf in beauty end In song.
And from those airy halle of golden light,
I saw the new-born year float gently down:
Tho morning boars drew his chariot bright.
His brow was circled by a starry crown :
My voice had mingled with the Jubilee.
When I awoke, Aurora’s earlr beam
Broke tho soft spell; but left to memory
The music and tho brightneti of my dream.
Castor Pun, La. P^t
~•Tbe Magyar.
—— W —— :
Close of Ibe Year. 1
An hour sgo the music of the wood
And the low ehent of waves came o’er tho glade,
Bat now uo murmur breaks the solitude,
And astern weight on Nature’s pulse seems laid.
Yon moon has seen the death of countless yean-.am * *
From her blue alr-hslli in the midnight sky,
Sweethpht a ar cU cf'rmmrnftrllove'stem^throwa
Upon the plain the forest and the vals;
It It the old year's death-hour, but no sob
Comes on the nfght-air from bis dying breast *
Serene and calm and still, without one throb '
Os agony he passes to his rest.
hearts and In sur eyes
M d the strong* siilineas of this solemn night
wniis here we bit and muse upon the ties
The dying year haa severed In hie flight •
Ay, ae Ills last breath on tbe air to flung,
Onr hearts are heavy and onr e .se are dim
With thinking of the woes that with him sprang
To lift—alas I they cannot die with him.
Like the cold shadow of a demon’s plnme,
A chilling darkness that will not depart
Lies on our thoughts and casts ita sullen gloom
Around the dearest Idols of the heart;
We learn In youth the stem and bitter lore
That comes of ruined hopes and darkened dressM,
And Nature has no magic to reitore
Tbe glory of the spirit’s shadowed gleams.
Scattered and broken on life’s desert wide,
The soul’s beet gems, Its brightest treasures shine.
And memories ofjoy end lore and pride
Lie dim upon the bosom’s shattered shrine:
We gaze into the future, but a shade
Is on Its visions, they are not so blest
And beantiful aa those the year has told
Within tbe heart’s deep sepulchre lo rest.
The music of our being’s rushing stream
Is growing sad and sadder day b day.
And life Is but a troubled fever-dream
That soon mast vanish from onr sonls away.
But when this wild and tearful dream to peat
The mounting spirits of the pore will rove
Above the cloud, the whirlwind, and the bleat.
In the bright Eden of immortal lore.
Farewell, old year I while sorrow dims our eyes
Wo bless thee for the lessons thou hast given;
Though thou hast filled Kerth’a atmosphere with stotos
We trust that thou hast brought uo nearer heavaa~
Borne stars that gleam along thy shadowy track 1
Will shioo upon our hearts with holy powor.
And oft onr pilgrim spirits will oome back
To muse and weep o’er this thy dying hour.
Old Year, farewell I the myriad flowers that tboa
Hast blighted will again In beauty bloom,
And breathing millions thou hast caused to bow
In death will rise In triumph from the tomb
Not thus, old year, with thee. Thy Hfe, now fled.
No power of God or Nature will rsotore ■
The graves of years may not give up their dead.
And thou, will live, oh never, nevermore.
Farewell I for over fare thee well, old year!
The gentle Angel, miesioned at thy birth
To keep life's records through thy sojourn here,
Has poised his shining wiDg end left the Earth;
Oh may the words of love and mercy fall,
Heaven’s own blast music, on each erring aouL
When on His burning throne the Judge or all
Shall to our eyet unfold the awful scroll I
Mattii.
Remarkable Freedom of Balloting.— M. Gnll
lond, Mayor of Is Guillotiere,in Franco, has taken
an motive part in preventing tho people from sav
ing nay to the Empire. “ You shall not abstain,”
says he, “ from voting, and your bulletin shall not
contain s nay, you shall say yea, for these yessone:
The defeat or Waterloo has remained like a tear
on the heart ot France. The Holy Alliance lias
always appeared to you as an insolent threat. Tire
rock of Saint Helena haa been in your eyes bat the
expiration of our glory. Re-establish the Empire,
and by its glorious hands the victory which i*
achieved over the Kings of Earope will make s
mourning of thirty-seven years oease. 80-eatab
lish the Empire, and the ooalition of Kings against
Frsnoe becomes a long derision ; they promised
themselves to snatch tne sceptre for ever from the
family of the great man, and see now how their J *
oaths and idle aspirations disappear like smoke f
with the breath or the Frcnoh nation. Re-estab
lish the Empire, and Saint Helena is nothing
more to us than a memory, which glory, carriiS
on the wings of onr eaglet, will perhaps one dAy
undertake to inscribe In letters of fire in tb«f re
cords of onr history.”
Thi True Life.—The mere lapse of years is oh*
life. To eat and drink and Bleep ; to be exposed \
to dsrknoss and the light, to pace round in the
mill of habit and tarn tne wheal of wealth to maka qg,
reason our book-keeper and turnthought into an,'
implement of trade—this is not life. In all this, but
poorfrsetionofthe consciousness of humanity is
awakened ; and the sanotities still slumber whioh
make it most worth while to be. Knowledge,
truth, love, beauty, goodness, faith alone can give
vital ity to the mechanism of existence; the lsngh
of mirth which vibrates through the heart, the
tears that freshen the dry waste* within, the mu
sic that brings childhoods baek, the prayer that
calls the future near, tbe donbt which make# us
meditate, the death which startles ns with mys
tery, the hardship that forces ns to straggle, tho
anxiety that ends in trust—are true nonriahmeoh
of our natural being.
A Vienna paper received by tbe lastateamer con
tains tbe following paragraph:
One of the Ust political acts of the late Doriel
Webster, ae (Secretary of the United States, was a
ciroular dispatch tothe European cabinets respect
ing the Sound does. In that communication Mr.
Webster insisted with energy that tbe time hnd
come when this toll, justified by no prineiple of
international law, eould no longer be tolerated, and
exprweed the reqneet that the cabinets oonoerood
would confer upon the measures to be taken for ita
Abolition.
Important Vxkdict in an Advertising Case.—
The proprietor of the Neir-York Courier and En
quirer has recovered a verdict of SBOO in the Su
preme Court of that State, againat Henry J. lbbot-
Bon, for advertising. It appears the advertiacmcnt
not being marked for any particular number of in-
Hertiona, was permitted to remain in tbe papar 160
aay. The defence set up, wan ©hiafly
that Mr. Ibbotaon’a ordera in reaped to the advar
tiaement were not carried out. Hdwever.ha took the
Courier and Enquire daily, and, aa waa presumed
bv the court, saw the advertismentln question, and
should have notified the editor to alter er discon
tinue it. The court ruled that he should have given
this notice, and not have expected to enjoy the
benefit of the advertisment without paying for it
Us* et a Witx.—Ritcher says, “No tniiiii can ei
ther live piously or die righteonsly withotj a wife.
A very wicked bachelor of onr scqtiainlsnM says
to this “Oyeal sufferings and severe trislrtsttify
and ohasten the heart.”
A L*on RXR, addressing in tudienoe, sentedled
with tiresome prolixity, that art oonld not Imurovv
nature, when one ofhis hearers, losing all patience
set the room in a roar by exclaiming, “How weald
you look without a wigr’
Lorn* N arc lkon ia aoid to be deeply fiseinateA
with a beantiful Spanish lady of rank, who is sopOjfei
posed to entertain the ambitions hop* of hearting
■mpsws*, iastaad es the Maesa* Via*.