Newspaper Page Text
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
BY WM. S. JO^ES.
CHKOMM.L & 1 .V.
AT TWO DOXit - '
zr VO V I’ M ' ?■* k^iVCA',
TO CLCBh / T i*~" T*b
*•««*• **' }:■* f,,ro,i *
y«w, tj,u* i.fr V-i ,
or «l" e O'py to all *-!■*> may pr. ■ u« Yiy r. §ub-
ai. 1 6irw« rci u ii.*- I &>■. y.
THsjb;* ONICtS & SBWTONSL
. r>3**4 X% •*• W li I-WEEKLY,
Are ftlfH)pul • « ••."ice.v- :.d ». / •-» to et?b-
W-- *
JSBL "fiy —-r -attffiFF
-1857 >.
sou’Hp.J*
t-i.v *v
DANIEL LEE .*: D. a-'J> KKi>MO *, LiMTORS.
Jantiaa vt\a6 V.
fornorigVvoi.ir-.f -.--i tfi* **.* • r oWiOis a
I
OnkCopt, i vou- $i j ■»>;: ?-, s r. S2O
'l'm «; g*will
I ■ by xauiJ,
postage l' '■ i, *. n»bf *- iV* . ••! -
i .
|
gy Penmii*. who y. IH a. i r < mvi obtain 811 -
FOR SALS
T «K~*»ngK.*- ;;;" *• *«*•*
<: a Vloii'i,; I) * - 11.. t. , • :
• »
Fcrwiji ailing t'/nuV-lw V; i.
to rail and «• vari.ior to: !!,-•;■ •
1 1 •
chaser. GEORGE L. BOSHKR.
Warntnton, Ga j.i-tS, i»;, J- V wtf
i
county. Ala., Jytc ■ t:.«< -• # «, t '»tak
ing ‘.MOO acre* , Iv’ H) in r. i.ur :.:” - n ivatton and
Ajr. : Wa..,- ( i - I y n . t|.«
TO MiiN OF TASTE AAJ} O<H iTAI,.
To™
u Vann’. Vnil.y. Flo; d• y -:.; . .. . ;i-’ V,
■
well timbered. It has .ml. ,- • «»;(* v J.buc
atone water, two cojiKtant M-uni . an e7< •. vvat-r
power without d.TTaiw.', • ••! i f' •• • ’••.•f'd
Dwell r. and
i
cur m the opinion tl t Mii pUn 'r iuf < - the ch mentn
l ' ,l^*ld e W
and *rPHon vvv.* of t.t»<? plai c tn V <<Vv tail to satisfy you
that It it a No. I artnJo, ) - ficai-ms
ftho market. P.r term«, apply mi th-- v t,-v..- .
Cave Spring, July 10. 1m 7 i > i wj7
POWELTOK MILLS Port SALE.
A S the underKtgned in <!• 'iron to raove « -
A Inn 11. 0.7:1 he now ... i. FS.iod LAND
•
one and n hatf%iH • froi i p « elt o Con
tiling and Wadiin;,t n- tin. b.u*k (» = ly- !«a» four
nets of rnmien, two wMhai and t•« • « The Flour
•
m
wheat euatom will equal auyeju T < n.« i, o Hitri
ated as to remahi in it ajid s, >av. andCK; tMills in
operation.
The Land lies in Hancoc k cowgiy, along the O-r wheo
river and Powel’a creek i’he La
more or 1
producingcuhi, wheat, foVou or oth v gtjjn.s. Those
Wishing to buy, will rail a-id ..* •■ t • . :••. The
the'vanF i.V uopL*. ! ' ,h
good Springsot water. COLl’ilHI sF. STIIVEHB.
Goods Forward.:d i *.* c-i C age!
AUGUSTA AND.SAVANNAH RAILROAD.
\TTfiNTION is called to thuUL : ad as a means of
Northern Forts. There Are now 1 • r FIRST GLASS
ttTEAMSHII'S and Sv*Lim of 5 ■ ,S:d .c V< -.s< 18,
running with re-iilarity and di;t: i, >. ■ York
ami Savannah . also a c; v ua bin L. ••• i ;j;.i Fhiiadol- I
phia.aad Sail lug V* .v.-c u .. '• <-ro and I
Bo ton, innkuq: th< cor: . No th- ‘
•rn citivs and S;»v.ur.ah ... s . . 7•. : ( , I AIN’T Y j
ANDSI'HKI), .1- ilint to any >*• • S -e. 1' I.
This Hoad.au cxpoCtmilyth ’ .w.in. of A-'.ittsfn.tJic j
road, and those Cotwtic .» ; -iU N -i«U oi that Ihad.
Other Honda have a l,Vs"r i\ I v- it um .!, U euunot r
be neglected merely i • .» ) n t-.*d a trade as
that to which wo tu • ' all our tdae ; and t
no competitor will be allow eo. by n-q. v . . ontfoii, to (
deprive u, of It, for it U our 1V.'.1 .fr:. i to conduct !
it with that lldelity, <l* ri ur. uotoy, w'.ich is sure l
Road and In ordor io reduce s' ' to a minimum \
rate, contract . I
into at Savannah, and 40 sK o'S cied ’ . ith the K ceiv
lug and Forwar.nnj; . ar*; . aer u. v' ‘7 l -in that ot J
seeing that ALL GUAH. syv i : 1 Tates. j
|3?“llyKni»n>,du . ’ -• •'> » l-«*r j
cent can he i;:a. • .t the F.. »*. ..j o ~ .\ • them j
Porta and Augusta
All Good* FOUAVALL 1) l -1.1 { CO': MIS- j
BIONS They should bo u:>.rktd u. . H. U. j
Agent,” Savanu.no
Published by order, f the BotM
July l, lfc\33. jyCi» j
five feet tight or on. .he- . • , ■_ »•’ ut 1«5 or \
170 tt»*. It ia likely ho will a-• i ,>ay to i cuuesst e, !
as bo raoaway two j-i'fwiy-. ...t- ::.yet* uville i
Jail, Monreo . unty, Feunc , ov. abov -r.r.o months , and .
would net--ten wbe he 10-r... ••. H, : :;s .u •. e.y
with him a Negro Mon b< • *••• W. ' •v - <. I
inches el* i. about UK !. = , tn h ! - k com- j
plectedc were • t .n r. ■ Let jio |
thorpocounty, G»., wiiu pa . io to Ohio. L they ;
are taken. Waahiug. .will not t. I!bj .. 'r . ’ ** can •
help it. V, .• will pay ib
who will est uc\
Jail so that v •
of them. 'V \ ' * ’ i
OulvortonPoatoun-o.Uaaex ■ . 7' .
lIT hn - • j
I WILL vaytl - . ■ j
. ledguu .d m I til M •
‘ • I
taking him choose to 1 iug !wct h»r > .. . ii\ ad- I
dltion to the $ A all the uo. .- ry c . u.-o .d emling 1
:
plasterer, about on v cars wb W- - '’cn, civet, I
and weighs e-obabiy if; .* • . . , r.\ vt the
country".' .o l • •• a -t >y au- |
thority Hedb'ieile** baj afa Fe • a
wife at Mr. Greiner * near Sand* . t ; on. also a:
Gov. Hclxley a Farinry. I luvm I ' • m it; in
»
''puis I tor.r
1
months, or alHwit ten thousa: d ie< : * r day Wo really j
sawed feoiu eleven to twelve - • >*.ay. for
time, two month--. . - want . o c . >md re
pairs, dtc. Your imp* i vffiiny- " • k tiui and we ad
vise their use out vwur oi
Yours. n*o,. . ;;lv. 'V . v - Kk, : - ;a».
77 Mile Pom, C R R Fe v, r U’, %
Wo thank . ■n.c, • L V' w.'.l
build the same Cl HCUI AR s a\V MLLS, t rram.es cast
BOILKRS. P -F: • S iA l iiA Mintfjr :,r.d M:U
MACHINERY, PI Vi v L . r.-nd » . > CAST
INGS i
181IING rani HKPAIKINO. . .. W e
warrant all our tv <>• k. <**.;. o J'b.LL I
PATTEUXiS " h PENN ’Ni * l.Cv‘N t. FANCY
-
U Address ° KEI HEN NU NERSAN. \ n nt,
S3O HE W .b So
1> ANA\VA> , t.i-a t. .• . -o- . --5 -u Pat-
Muu FRANK. * lie • . 'y > ye: -s oT •vn .:i- 1
cheshigh, f f’Mii. > ■ .-a :ru ' ‘.en'.inb.a
speech,, and has ’«>st the ' ' • -o', V was raided
The above reward wilfl>e p::. i b r ts-.s delivery to me,
or to any jail so tiiav i' Ca c -otkiin
ja&i-wtf ° JOHN a. HARRIS.
The Southern Recorder will pat' 'htiil forbid, and for
wardaccount to this. v.••<
~ slj ‘ rew Z
| WIIX par the above i v. ' a r y io . . rc hen7.en
NegwManu:* il.b! 'M. !.. - -e • . v V . n J I
Maker; U crippled ::this right log: : •• •-. v.- f-.-t-t V~r
inches high . •cammers in talk fry ; tfdark complexion • 1
can read and write, a. may Lav. a pass of his own l
writing. HU fa; hoc lives biO : a oko. 1 s mother |
at she'd Bind'. 1 puri-dii ,* , nA H , iu- !
back. JOHN' F SUTTON.
augu st a Works, august a, ga !
fPHK CN’I>EKSHJ>EB.!»v r. v . , e ex-'
X tensive M ACHINE »>l NL>RY and OAR
SHOP, with aR the i: ;« . :ra-. .to tl.e s me In re- I
toforebeioagtug te t!)c f . >o. kn •. aks ;he 'A . -ta j
Machine V-. rk.-,” are -o-. w* ..-L'.rox- oc* • - j
a . \-
MINING MACWIN Y. si'LAM .'.WINES and
BOILERS, SAW MILLS compT e : >■t A V I TNG a ni j
PULLEYS. RAILR« *VD C \.o .o. I n"N\ STA'.M- ,
BOAT MACHINERY, and every ;i us w rk !
usual!v made in t ! i-s , u:-« S: « *t i-vi, Pr ss
or Wood. Orders for v. .r i .... a i.r. j
must be aceomf; aed v <u ;o percent, j
on the supposed value of . e w . L-red and the re- |
mainderpaid - .-_••• *•*‘Ot
ters on buxines* to L HC FAINS A CO.
PROPRIETORS:
HENRY H. CUMMINC», j G W. SrMStF.Bg,
W. M D'AWTiosAt I T.; Y Hakk
sop3o J, ',■ > rk.•
NOTICE.
fI'HE SrBXCKIBFiJ n-fW wll rent r I-.-.so,
X thewcUkoowuLOLlSViLl.!; HOTKI.. « !-..uis- i
ville, Ga. TU- Hotel c»n>w -vi > i. d») -i Jan- !
wtrj, 1857, citl.. - . ;• Is**® n very
liberal terras. Apply i>> I
octlQ-8t H K CATISWi.I !. i, b - 0.-i
PHAOTIOr OF SUKSEHT.
DR. JTTRIAH HARRIS'* is prepared to accora !
modate with Lodgiiige and Narsta*. tD-h patie»t»a* j
may be directed to him for Surgical operations ortrea!- !
ment. Masters may be assured that their Servants will j
tvt) every nwoewary attention my7-wly
vLbroutclc & Sentinel.
PUBLIC DOCI MENTS.
Iteport of Sferftnn of Trrawir), on the &tnte
of Finnnrr
BECEfPTfI OF THF. YEAR.
In obedience to the act entitled “An act toeatab
| tu. Treasury Department,*' approved May 10,
i v 0, the following report u submitted :
The balance in the treaiury on the Ist of
! X;. ]- ,ta. : $11?,931,976 01
TL aei«ia! receipt# info the treasury for the fiscal
v< :i. <:..i;ng tiOth of June. 1 h3Ht, were for the
■
From land* 2,355,725 87
Min: • llaneou and incidental. 3X1,495
819,774,450 13
:> i irmßifrr rrnm rxitnn $13,424,633 57
F rom iamb
• Mivelianecu* and incidental. 195.340 3*l
. unarter —From nutomi *516,737,11401
Yrom iand» 1,450,073 04
Mi*o:!ianeoufi and incidental. 160,113 20
4th q tarter. —From customs $16,776,472 64
f rom lands 1,837,978 <XI
; lirtcellaaeourt and incidental. '288,183 52
$18,902,634 16
fcxikic $73,918,141 46
• in the treasury Ist July, 1855 18,931,976 01
ToUiftma for the service of the fiscal year
.
,
. .ianeoUA and incidental 977,633 03
$73,918,141 46
EXPENDITURES OT THE YEAR.
T actuai.experidituxes of the year were as fol
*- ■ t ii..in
. 11 s -- - - • mi ■■ i,, 16,580,880.34
l 16,963-,074.36
Tefal $72,948,792.02
'i’ho c ependitures were divided a* follows,
F . I, f,r. iirn Intem-uw, and misieFus.. .$85,274,33099
Interior pen
War 16,948,195.89
Navy 14,077,047.12
U'-dexnptioiiof public debt, interest and pre
uuiun 12,776,390 38
Total - $72,948,792.02
Balance in treasury l*t of July, 1856, a* ap-
pears in detail, per stater uent No. 1— $19,901,32n.4n
FI.NASf 1A I, ESTIBIATE FOR 1856-7.
In my Inst report the est imated teceijpse into the
•. < .*i- iry, for the fi year ending the 30th of June
1857, was $87,1;.'3,8f,3, the expenditures $69,*
i-.i jnakiiig estimated expenditures less sl*2,-
i 00,00 i not expected to be called for during the
\ r, and leaving an osthmated balance in the trea
' irv, on the Ist of July, 1857, of $29,672,497.78,
v iuiout any estimate for the redemption of the pub
lic debt.
The actual receipts into the treasury, for the first
qarter of said year, viz - tiie quarter ending the
20: h September, 18.56, have been us follows :
From customs $20,677,740.40
From lands 892,380.36
Miscellaneous 355,310 57
Total $22,925,431.36
Making the actual receipts for the first,
and the receipts for the remaining three
quarters as now estimated :
•2d quarter 17,224,779.47
.A quarter 16,902,539.87
In. quarter 16,902,539.87
Total $72,955,310.57
And with the actual balance in thetrea tu
ry on the Ist of July, 1856, of 19,901,325.45
' ingthe sum of $92,856,636.02
for the fiscal year 1857.
The ; tual expenditaresfor tLe lirstquar
ler of the fiscal year 1857, viz: the quar
to:-< tiding the 30th of Kept , 1856, being. .$18,675,113.21
the e- ! . ated expenditures for the remain
ing three-quarters of the year, are eet
dow n fts follows :
lu t In* second quarter 18^000,000.00
lu tin* third quarter J7,1^8,178.76
In tL fourth quarter 16,66^,121.24
Mug the actual expenditures for the
first quarter, and tae estimated expen
ditures, for the remaining three quarters 70,511 ; 413JH
Which leaves an estimated balance in the
t:' n-ury on the 30th of June, 1857, of.-$22,345,222.81
ESTIMATED FINANCE OF 1857-’B.
The act.ua* expenditurcH of the first quarter, ex
hibit tin sum of $902,096 63 expended in the re
(:.'»inptioTi of the public d< bt, and of payment of in
t.«*r A and premium. A iike amount is included in
the < l.hnates for the expenditure of each of the re
maining three-quarters.
The receipts into the treasury, for the fiscal year
ending the 30th June4lßsß, are estimated es fol-
I«Yom Customs $66,000,000.00
From lands 6,000,000.00
M iscellaneous * 955,310.57
72,955,310.57
To which add the estimated balance
in the Treasury June 30, 1857.... 22,345,222.81
Making the sum of 95,300,533.38
For the fiscal year 1.558, the expen
ditures arc estimated, as follows:
Balance of forrnei appropriation to
be expended this year 15,336,464.60
Permanent and indefinite appropria
tions 7,498,510.14
Appropriations asked for 48,469,848.02
71,804,822.76
Less the amount that may not be ex
pended during the {year, estima
ted at 20,000,000.00
Would leave an estimated balance:
in the treasury on the 30th of Juuu
1858, 0f..... 43,995,710.62
THE PUBLIC DEBT.
TL<* publ’c debt, on the Ith of M arch 1853, amoun
ted to the sum of $69,129,937.27, and was subse
<, .•< utly increased to liquidate the debt of Texas, by
the sum of S2J 50,000 which givtw the public debt
K. 1,879,937.27. ft has since been reauced, tip to
b iah day of November, 1856, the date of the
Kcgist**v';i last report, to the sum of $.30,963,909.64.
S* * ateiuout No. 3. In making this reduction, the
Mini of K 10,916,027.t!3 has been paid for the princi
p.",l tl. aeof, and 54,609,882.31, for premium on por
tions «*f it redeemed, before maturity, saving the
:■-urn of $14.1HYvM1.39, by paying in advance, and
lea\ ing the public debt on the 15th day of Novein
!>• r, l>b6, $30,963,‘909.64, as per statement No. 3,
ports 1 and 2.
In addition to the public debt, ns above staled,
u- s due under treaties with various .Indian
tribe . payable on time, the sum of $21,066,501.36,
as per statement No. lof this report. This debt, as
it becomes payable, constitutes an item of annual
expenditure, end is estimated for, by the Interior
D j artuna.t. It is an incident, growing out of the
extinction of the Indian possessory title, to the pub
lic l:.nds, and is a charge on tic annual sales. Be
sides this debt, the United States have invested mo
v in stocks, for several of the tribes, to the amount
of $3,51 l.v 24.05, and hold.the piincip&L of the Sinitli
sqn: an fund, amounting to $515,169, under the act
of the 7 th ol July, 1838, in stocks for that institution,
as }er statement No. 5. The United States having
inude these investments for the ludiaus, and of the
Sn ; s : 'mn fund, annually provide for the payment
■ i ris nos re« hed
on t!. stocks. The arrearages of the interest appear
in ihe tables, to the amount of $120,704.74 on the
: ks held for the ludians, and $437,731.92 on .‘he
.-si. i Ua of the Smithsonian fund.
Th* actual receipts from customs into the treasu
ry, tor the first quarter of the fiscal year 1857, viz :
5 lie quarter ending the 30th of September 1856, have
$• L -5 • . 36, b* iug $2,150,971.23 more than
U.v- corresponding quarter, of the preceding yeai*. —
The same causes i at operated to mcrease the reve
nr.c :iu;ii customs, during the last year, may be ex
pected t iiitiueiuv, ia the same way, the receipts of
.-v.ceeedirg three quarters, but probably not to
v .-.•'.'ie extern. The estimate of receipts from cus
uu .• ‘ ;u-, therefore, been advanced to $66,000,000,
Tin* receipts from lauds, for the same first quarter
ot fiscal year 1857, have been $692,380.39, being
k. • \315.15, less than the receipts of the corres
jvnding quarter, of the preceding year. The large
; • . of land, withdrawn from market, for railroans,
ui u i acts of the last session, and the lands which
will • entered, under the land warrants, issued
and being issued, are calculated to reduce the re
v. ; pts iroin laiwls, from what they were, in thecor
r«. pending three quarters of last year: on which
;w count, the estimate from lands, has been reduced
* sii.ooo,t>dd. The receipts from miscellaneous
sources, have been put at, $1155,310.57, as per esti-
T: * advance iu the estimate of receipts from cus
tom.'. is made with the knowledge of the large duty
paying imports, already in warehouse, raid under
the *\-ci tation that the demand for provisions
abroad, at remunerating prices, will not be equal
t«> that *'f last year . also of the pressure to the Uu
ropeuu money market, ami the great demand for
our cotton aud tobacco, with the abundance of mo
ney in this country, increased by the payment of
4'v \ s debt and the Calitorma war bonds : also
.he lailure of the sugar crop of Louisiana, acting iu
favci of increased sugar importation, and at an ad
vniu ed price The ability of the people of the Uni
ted States to purchase and pay, not only for neoes
n h but for superflu ties, may be relied upon, for
iu* * ‘' sumption of duty paying merchandize, to an
c\L i.t .-uffii lent to meet the estimated expenditures
ami allow the eontinuai redemption of the public
;as i'h>t as tLe holders of the stock shall be
wili'-ug to accept the principal and interest, with a
reasonable premium.
MODIFICATION OF THE TARIFF.
Statement No. 11 give.-, for the fiscal year ending
:• ,’i June, 1856, the domestic and foreign merchan
dise exported, at $326,9t>4,918, and our imports for
•.line, at $314,639,942, making the exports
$12.3 in excess of the imports. The contfn
...ir.v rease of our population, and of imports and
* y with that of'our agricultural, manufacturing
and mining wealth, and our facilities for internal and
ex: omal commerce, as exhibited by the combined
tables* of this report, encourage me again to recom
nvud a modification of the tariff of 1846. and a re
am lion of the revenue from customs. It is as
suiv.ed as a fact, beyond question, that a tariff on
. . :e is a lax. and that tlu* tax is paid by the eon
samer of the imports, and that it is undeniable that
iu* tax should h* imposed or continued, not required
for a - , economical aaministr ’lionof the government,
allow lug for the fulfilment of all its duties, present
and prospective: aud that the collection of a greater
revenue is a wrong against the people who pay the
fax. and imparts to the agents who administer the
government, a tendency to undue power, waste and
V xtravagance. _ _ _
y v believe, that the $6,000,000 or $* ,000,000
annually expended, out of the national treasury, ior
carrying mails anu for printing books, &e,, has been
* auA dby a redundant and overflowing treasury.
:tiu, tkat the same cause has operated to increase
“ ur v -Npfiiditure*. upon other objects, and upon
'‘ ailed .Vt, by the present or future exigen
e\ > * tl*- government, nor by the justice of the
‘ H ;' s P vov hh-4 for . whilst but few, if any, believe
v ‘_ u ' H h v nv tor continuing to increase our
expecuiturvs, with th© continued increase of our
‘ . 10 *. , 0 ,51 °f imports and experts, for the
* i. \ v r»rs, exi.iait a constant and continued, al
ri u ust aa annual iucmm., .* «ur import* and
u - : and consequent*, of our.eveuue from
‘" v » o Should oonsidor the same caesaa that
:.nve operated to produce this mcrease*. for the past
> cr.rs. will operate to continue it, in future years
p ace still larger sums iu the national treasury*
! Tuepr* ‘diietions of our planting and provision States,
c.s well as our mining and manufacturing States’
i f. ontinue and will continue to increase, witn the in
reased and increasing foreign aud domestic de
mand . commerce being the exchange of the pro-
I ducth ns < f one country or nation, for the proauc
i lions cf another, whether made indirectly, by sale
I and purchase for money, or directly, by barter, the
i ci-uciuskm is irresistible, that both our domestic and
I tvu* ign commerce have, generally, been of equiva
i lent . and profitable to all parties ; and as they have
! increased, so they will, under the same cireum
>lances, continue to increase and justify a modifica
i lion of the tariff, and a reduction of the revenue
I from customs
lu the modification I have heretofore suggested,
the people ty of increasing our free list, by admitting
the raw material used iu our manufactures, to free
entry, aud thereby giving to the capital and labor of
our people, equal competition with the capital and la
bor of those countries, which have, for the benefit
of their manufactures, admitted the raw material,
without d; ty and have recommended the same arti
cles to be admitted free, that are admitted free, by
Great Britain. This would reduce the revenue be
tween $7,000,(100 and $8,000,009. I have also sug
gested, tLat some articles of genaral consumption,
such as salt, should be added to the free list, and
the tariff, on some other imports, should be reduced
some $7,000,000 or $8,000,000. This upon the im
ports of last year, would reduce the revenue to about
$50,000,000 from customs, which, with the receipts
from the public lands, is deemed all sufficient for
the necessary requirements of the government; the
average expenditures of the last five year- exclud
ing tLe public debt and the $10,000,000 paid, under
the treaty with Mexico, having but little exceeded
$48,000,000. It', in future years, there should be in
creased demands on the government, the revenue
from customs may be expected to increase, so as
to meet them, without the imposition of additio
al duties; but if not, the propriety of taxation will
then be for the consideration of the constituted au
thorities.
Instead of a modification of the tariff, and the re
duction of the revenue from customs, many per
sons suggest ttiat we should repeal all tariffs, and
establish the same free trade with foreign nations,
that exists between the States of the Union, partic
ularly those who det-.m the revenue now raised firom
imports unjustly levied and extravagantly and
waste!nlly expended. They urge that the only rem
edy applicable to existing evils, is the experiment
of free trade with foreign nations, and direct taxa
tion on our people. I Lave considered that foreign
nations are not prepared for the same free trade
we enjoy with each other, and that we cannot have
reciprocal free trade without their consent; and
that until they agree to admit our productions free,
it would not be expedient to admit theirs free and
allow them to tax our labor, when we do not tax
theirs in return. I have considered that free trade,
if expedient, should be approached gradually, and
pari panau with the advance to that end by foreign
nations, and that the modification and reduction of
the revenue, as proposed, would be a movement in
the right direction, which be followed, when
experience and tht*conditiou of our commerce with
other nations should justify it, and have contempla
ted the time when the productions of each State, in
exchange for the prodd&tione of the others, would
constitute an jpply formost of our wants
at cheaper rates could afford
i (i make g. resnfrt tfrArtjfcr mpd. S of
revenue a question ofnecessity; hut That, for many
years to come our national treasury would be sup
plied from a tariff on imports, and that in the modi
fication and reduction now called for, we should
make it as’equal and just as pesaibie to our own
people, and take away the discrimination now exist
ing against us, principally arising out of the legisla
tion in other countries, in contravention of the in
dustry of our people.
The question of the tariff, and the propriety and
mode of reduction, have been the subject of remark,
\n my former reports, on the finances. Further re
fection has served to confirm me, in the views then
taken, and to which the attention of Congress is
again called.
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE, PLANTING AND MANU
FACTURE.
The statistical information called for the first and
second resolutions, (of House of Representatives)
taken in connection with the information given in
the statistics of this report, places before Congress
the whole information, within the reach of the de
partment, upon the agricultural, planting and manu
facturing interests of the United States, as they ex
isted in 1840 and 1850, and the basis for an estimate
as to the present condition thereof, sufficiently accu
rate, for any practical purpose.
The statistics upon the production and importa
tion of wool, and manufactures of wool, have been
prepared with care. It will be seen that in 1840,
according to the census of that, year, we manufac
tured woollen goods to the value of $20,696,999, and
that in addition, we imported manufactures of wool,
to the value of $8,652,785 ; making our consump
tion of the manufactures of wool $29,349,784, and
the consumption of $1.71 for each person then in the
United States. The census of 1850 does not give
the number of factories devoted to, nor the capital
employed in, the manufacture of wool. The census
of 1850, shows there were 1,559 factories in the U.
States, with $28,118,650 of capital, devoted to the
manufacture of wool, with the particular States, in
which the factories were situated; also, that the
manufactures of wool amounted to $43,207,545, and
we imported manufactures of wool to the value of
$16,976,575, making our consumption of manufac
tures of wool $60,184,120, and the consumption of
$2.59£ for each person in the United States. If we
estimate the increased value of our woollen manu
factures, since 1850, at the ratio of the increase be
tween 1840 and 1850, it gives our manufactures of
wool at $56,406,786, for the year 1855 ; and we find
the value of our importations of manufactures of
wool, for the year 1855, $23,297,384, making our
consumption $79,704,170, and $2.93 as the consump
tion of each person, then in the United States.
These tables show that in 1855 we consumed $23,-
297,334 of the manufactures of wool, more than we
manufactured, and that we consumed $9,678,690 of
wool, more than we produced, estimating the wool
in the manufactured article, at one-third of the value.
Now we import $1,940,697 of wool for our manufac
tures, who pay a duty of 30 percent, upon it; and
we import $23,297,384 of the manufacture of wool,
on winch we pay different rates of duty, viz : 30
per cent, on part, 25 per cent, on part, and 20 per
cent, on part ; whilst with wool free of duty in other
manufacturing countries, the duty operates a dis
crimination against the labor and capital of our own
people. This is peculiarly the case as to the coarser
fabrics, which we admit at a less duty than we im
p use upon wool.
The climate of the United States is such that
man ufactures of wool are used winter and summer,
in sotL'e of the States, and in the winter months in
all, nun the finer fabrics are used in all. It is an ar
ticle for clothing and other uses that, our climate
and our habits do not permit us to dispense with,
and which vox people can and will manufacture for
themselves, if our tariff laws are arranged, so as not
to discriminate against them, and in favor ot other
manufacturing nations.
When we first imposed a tax on foreign wool,
Great Britain and 'other manufacturing nations
taxed it also, and as high as we taxed it. We dis
criminated in the tax upon the manufactures of
wool, imposing a higher tax upon the finer fabrics;
whereupon Great Britain and other manufacturing
nations repealed their tux on wool, and secured
to their manufacturers the advantage of ob
taining the raw material, free of duty. This ad
vantage over as they will continue to enjoy as long
as our tax is continued. The reasons why they ad
mit wool free, are to be found in the fact that they
manufacture more than they produce, and it is ne
cessary they should be able to sell cheap, iu order
to euter advantageously the markets ol* the world,
and it may be, also, to secure the market of the
United States, to the suppression of manufacturing
in this country. We also manufacture more wool
than we produce, aud consume more manufac
tures of wiV>l than we manufacture, and we still
continue our tax on wool. The duty on wool
was imposed to promote its production in the Uni
ted States, and waa expected to enhance the price.
It has failed to secure the object for which it was
imposed. The production has not kept pace with
our population and consumption ot woolen manu
factures, and although the' prices have been lair,
they have not been such as to make wool grow
ing as profitable a pursuit as many others in the
country. In the trial of ten years under the tariff
of 1846, there is no greater production of wool in
proportion to the population, than there was prior to
that time.
IRON AND STEEL.
Iron and steel being articles of general ose iu all
our States aud Territories, and necessary in the
prosecution of all industr al pursuits, the annual
consumpt ion and the annual home production and
import, become a matter of solicitude with many,
and of interest to all. It appears from the census ot
1840, that vre produced and manufactured iron aud
steel’, that year, to the amount of $29,909,162, and
that we imported iron and steel, and the manufac
tures of iron aud steel, to the amount of $7,088,739,
and exported iron and steel, and the manufactures
of iron and steel to the amount of $1,104,455, leav
ing for consumption $35,893,446; and from the cen
sus oflßso, that we produced and manufactured iron
and steel, that year to the amount of $60,485,653 and
that we imported iron and steel, aud the manufac
tures of iron aud steel, to the amount of $17,524,459,
and exported iron aud steel, and the manufactures
of iron and steel, to the amount of $1,911,320
ing for the consumption of the year, $76,098,792. —
The same ratio of increase, in the production and
manufacture of iron and steel from 1850 to 1855,
that is found to exist between the years 1840 and
1850, gives the production and manufactures of iron
and steel for 1855, at $< 8,406,538. To this add $23,-
945,274, for the amount of the imports of iron and
steel, and manufactures of iron and steel, for the
year 1855, first deducting the export of those arti
cles, and there is iron aud steel, and the manufac
tures of iron and steel, to the amount of $98,598,340,
forth© consumption of the year. The estimate of
$78,406,538 for the year 1855 is, 'no doubt, some ten
or fifteen millions less than the production.
We have in the United States more iron ore and
more coal, with the usual fiuxes, in convenient con
nection and of cheaper access, than all the other ci
vilized nations of the world, and have the necessary
capital, skill and labor to produce all the iron and
steel, and manufactures of iron and steel, required
for our consumption, or that may be required for
our consumption, for centuries to come, and also to
enable us to supply the market of other countries,
in fair competition, with the iron and steel of other
nations. These tables sh w that our production of
iron and steel, and manufactures of iron and steel,
wee greater, in proportion to population, in 1850,
than it was iu 1840, and that it was greater in 1855,
than it was iu 1850, giving us the right to assume
that, influenced by the same causes, it will be grea
ter iu 1860 than it now is, aud in time, will be sufli
eieut for our own consumption and then give us a
surplus for export. But taking into consideration
our present population, and accumulated capital,
with the amount of capital, anuually, drawn from
other countries, in the course of emigration, and the
great cost of carriage, to the interior of our country,
with the improvements, in the modes of production
and manufacture of iron aud a steel, it would be
rash, to expect a full supply for our own consump
tion, between this and the returns of the census of
1870.
The tax upon iron aud steel, and the manufactures
thereof, because of their general use, in all sections
and in all industrial pursuits, has been considered as
equiatble and fair a tax, as it was possible to im
pose upon the country; consequently no material
change has been contemplated or recommended; but
if continued at present rates, it is not supposed the
same amount of revenue will continue to be deriv
ed from it, even should the use of iron, as no doubt
it will, be extended to many other purposes, and be
consumed in much greater quantities. In commer
cial intercourse with other nations, based upon
equivalent exchanges, as it must always be, if pro
fitable and continuous, we may well look forward
to the time, when we shall produce, within our own
limits, all articles that are essential to national de
fence, and the use and comfort of our own people;
and of these there is none more necessary to the de
fence of the country aud the use and comtort of the
Seople, and of which we have better means of pro
ucmg in the country, than iron and steel, and the
manufactures of iron and steel. Yet the production
should not be stimulated, by unequal and uniust tax
ation. nor the period of an. abundant supply, from
our mines and factories, retarded by impolitic legis
lation. The home production, of iron and manufac
tures of iron and steel. is on the increase. The ta
bles prove the production and manufacture of these
artiolc-a. have increased with our increased popula
tion, and that we import less, in proportion to our
population and consumption than formerly.
The department lias not the means of giving the
number of establishments engaged in tbe manufac
ture of silk, nor the character of the articles manu
factured : yet it is known there are numerous es
tablishments engaged in the manufacture of silk., on
moderate scale, and that sewing silk, ribbons, and
various articles are manufactured. The statement
a iso exhibits the importations of silk, and the manu
factures of silk, for the last seventeen years. The
extended and increased consumption of tht manu
factures of silk induces large and increasing impor
tations, whilst the growth of silk. when compared
with population, is on the decline, and the home
manufacture on the increase. The tax on loreign
manufactures of silk, from the general and extended
use thereof, is considered expedient, and as just and
equal as can be Imposed on any importations, and
peculiarly proper, taken in connection with our
commerce with the countries from which we ob
tain our principal supplies The admission of raw
silk free of duty would injure uo home interest, and
m %“t* in time, sc* increase our manufacture of the
article as to reduce foreign importations. The man
ufacture of glaas. porcelain, stone ware, the mi
ning of coal, and prodoctiona of lead and copper,
aud the manufacture of silk, may be expected to
be increased aud extended, so as to take posses
sion of the home market, in less time than it has ta
ken.the production and manufactures of cotton to
gain their present prosperous possession of the home
market.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 17, 185(>.
STEAM TONNAGE.
The use of steam tonnage, in the commerce be
tween the United S.ates and other American na
tions, and Great Britain. France, and other oommer
ciai nations, may, and it ia thought by some, will,
considerably reduce the sail tonnage used in com
merce, and that cheaper capital in Great Britain,
will give to that nation an advantage over the Uni
ted States, in steam tonnage, and the carrying trade
of our own and other countries, and they' attribute
the reduction of our tonnage to that cause. This
may be so, to some extent, but the continued re
duction of our commercial tonnage is apprehended;
nor is it apprehended there is any iuat reason to
suppose our enterprising ship builders and mer
chants will surrender the nation of the seas to
Great Britain, and place that nation in posses
sion of tbe carrying business of the world; yet
the subject is one of interest, and calls for a care
ful examination of our tonnage laws, and the remo
val of all impediments to an equal and fair competi
tion, for our foreign trade and the trade of other
nations.
When our navigation laws were first enacted, in
1789, the registered tonnage of the United Stales
was secured, against the protecting navigation laws
of other nations, by countervailing or protecting
provisions. Such provisions were from time to
time, extended, so as to countervail the prohibitory
enactments of the commercial nations, with which
we had intercourse. These commercial restrictions
have gradually yielded to the more liberal princi
ples of free trade, in the transportation of freight
aud passengers, until in that business, we have free
trade with almost all the nations of the earth, only
marred, by the charge of light money to our ves
sels, where we charge none. This removal of res
trictions, in our commercial intercourse with other
nations, in the carrying business, has not been pre
judicial to our loreign commercial marine. The
burden of light money, to which our tonnage, in the
ports of Great Britain and other commercial nations
w subject, should be removed by mutual agreement,
or counter vailing legislation on our part, and the
tonnage duty, now’ charged on our vessels, in
the ports of France and some other countries, and
on their vessels, in our ports, should by like mutu
al agreement, be taken off, and port charges equal
ized.
AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIONS.
A reference to the table of production, taken from
the cenuss of 1840, will show’ that our agricultural
and manufacturing production in that year, amoun
ted to $1,006,133,599; and a reference to the like ta
ble of production, taken from the census of 1850,
will show the agricultural and manufacturing pro
duction, for that year, to have been $2,012,520,539,
and the ratio of increase. A like ratio of increase,
for the five succeeded years, gives $2,602,363,924
as the value for the year 1855. Suppose $1,000,000,-
000 to be consumed at the places of production,
and there is left $1,602,363,924 of production, as the
basis of our foreign and internal trade, and the
source which we derive profitable employment, for
our registered aud licensed tonnage and our rail
roads. Take fifteen per cent, of this for cur foreign
trade, which is about equal te our exports, and
there is left $1,352,009,336 for our internal trade,
c« nstituting the commercial ligament that binds us
together, as one nation and one people. There is
no tax or tariff upon the transportation of the arti
cles, of which our internal trade consists, from one
place to another, within any of the States and Ter
ritories, nor upon the article themselves; the cost of
transportation is the only burden, on the free inter
change, over and above the cost of the article, and
the profit of the producer or dealer.
RECIPROCAL FREE TRADE.
The effect of reciprocal free trade is shown by our
commerce with the British North American provin
ces, before and since the reciprocity treaty which
went into effect in 1854. In 1853, the exports of
American produce to those provinces amounted to
$7,404,087, and our imports from them to $7,550,-
718; whilst, in 1856, the exports of American pio
duce to said provinces amounted to $22,714,697, and
our imports from them to $21,310,421.
The combined tables accompanying this report,
exhibit our population and elements of greatness in
1791), shortly after the adoption of the Constitution
and the organization of the government under it,
making us, in many respects, one nation and one
people. They also exhibit our present population,
with all the accumulated wealth of sixty-six years,
and all the elements for increasing wealth and great
ness, for years to come. We have existed as States
and a nation, under wise and equal laws, justly and
impartially administered, and have been a constitu
tion and law abiding people, with but occasional
State and individual exceptions. Why may we not
hope the history of the past, is to be realized, in our
future progress ? Under State and national consti
tutions, we have had free trade with each other, the
products of one State supplying the wants of anoth
er, and stimulating the industry, enterprise, and
prosperity of all. Calls are made for suggestions,
for the increase of our internal and foreign trade.
Under a conviction that w r e were collecting, under
the existing tariff, more revenue, than a present
ecouimical administration of the government, and a
wise and prudent outlay for the future, made neces
sary or called for, and also under the conviction
that an overflowing treasury, would induce wasteful
und extravagant expenditures, a modification of the
tariff of 1846, and a reduction of the revenue from
customs, was suggested in my first report, on the fi
nances, and renewed in both my subsequent reports
and is now again repeated, with, if possible, a firm
er conviction of its necessity aud propriety, and
for the same reasons and others thatcoulabe named.
The suggested reduction of the revenue, was, by
an enlargement of the free list, so as to admit some
articles of consumption and the raw materials used
by our manufacturers, to free entry, and lessening
the duty on other imports. It was thought that the
duties from customs could well be reduced to some
forty-eight or fifty millions of dollars, and leave an
ample sum for all the wants and requirements of the
government, including the redemption of the public
debt, as it should become due. It seemed to me,
that good policy required the raw material used in
our manufactures to be exempt from duty, and our
manufacturers placed on an equality witli those of
Great Britain and other manufacturing nations, who
admit the raw material to free entry. A tax upon
the raw material is calculated to increase the cost
of the production, by the profits of the importer on
the tax on the raw material, and the profits of the
manufacturer on his outlay for that tax, and the im
porter’s profit thereon, and of the merchant through
whom it passes to the consumer, interfering with the
manufacturers’ enjoyment of both the home and the
foreign market, on the same advantageous terms of
the manufacturer of other nations, who obtain the
raw material free of duty. A single example illus
trates the case : Great Britain admits wool, a raw
material, free of duty, and the United States im
poses upon it a duty of thirty per cent. This ena
bles the English manufacturer to interfere with the
American manufacturer, in the American markets,
aud to exclude him from the foreign market. It
does more: it surrenders the markets of the coun
tries producing the raw material, to the nations who
take it, free of duty. Our manufacturing and com
mercial States enjoy the markets of our planting
and provision States, because there exists no im
peding duty, giving preference to foreign| nations;
but our manufacturing, commercial and provision
States do not enjoy the markets of Mexico, Central
and South America, and the West Indies, nor of
other nations inhabiting the shores of the Pacific,
because these nations do not manufacture, and have
but little else for commercial exchange than the raw
material, which we tax, and other nations take, free
of duty, iu exchange for manufactures and other
productions , and although we are more favorably
situated from commercial intercourse, with them,
we yield the trade to the European nations.
Had the suggestion of the admission of the raw
material —the productions of those countries—free
of duty, received a favorable consideration at the
first session of the thirty-third Congress, we would
have been importing the raw material, the produc
tions of those countries, in our ships, and thosecoun
tries would have been taking from us in exchange,
the productions of all sections of the Union. With
prejudices and antipathies lessening, wa would soon
have become bound to them, and they to us, in the
strong and enduring ligaments of mutual and bene
ficial commerce. Additional employment would
have been secured to our tonnage and additional
markets for our manufactures of cotton and other
products. Mexico, Central America, South Ameri
ca, the West Indies, and other nations on the shores
of the Pacific, would have been learning to confide
in us, and we would have had an increased iuterest
in the stability and prosperity of their governments.
The enlargement of the free list, and the admission
of the raw material is suggested as the best and
surest mode of giving increased beneficial employ
ment te eur tonnage and increased benefieial mar
kets, foi our manufactures and other products, and
of cultivating amity aud friendship with our south
ern neighbors, and also the best mode of promoting
our own prosperity, next after the mutual free trade
we enjoy with each other. Mutual beneficial com
merce is all that is required to establish with these
nations, lasting relations of peace and friendship,
and remove from their minds all apprehension from
our expansion. We would seek commerce and not
dominion. When they shall know and feel that
commerce alone is our object, and that it is as bene
ficial to them as to us, we shall win their confidence
and our friendship will be lasting.
COINAGES.
It will be seen that the total gold and silver coin
age of the United States Mint, from 1793 when the
mint was established, to 30th September, 1856, has
been $549,341,914.14, and that the entire import
from 1820, when the account was first kept, has
been $293,505,743, and the export $136,5/8,354 —
there being uo account of the imports and exports,
prior to 1820.
SMALL NOTES DENOUNCED.
It remains to inquire, in what manner provision
can be made to have the small-note circulation
withdrawn and prohibited. In some of the States
there are uo chartered banks, and other of the States
have not authorized the issue of small notes ; whilst
others, under a conviction of the ill-effect upon the
currency, and upon their productive interest, have
prohibit'ed their issue andifeaused their withdrawal.
This is the result of a correct and corrected public
sentiment, and may be expected sooner or later to
extend itself to the other States, and thu3 accom
plish the entire withdrawal of small notes, and the
substitution of gold and silver in their stead, for all
the small daily transactions, including the payment
of wages. This may not be accomplished mr'years,
but justice to those compe led to use small notes,
and to those States that have not used, or have pro
hibited their use, in connexion with the losses, a
failure to redeem on demand, always inflicts upon
labor, or such a use of them as to render presenta
tion for payment impracticable, and the infliction of
a like loss may well induce an amendment of the
constitution, giving Congress authority to prohibit
and restraiL their use. and induce such an amend
ment to be called for by the States that have not
used, or have ceased to use them. At present an
attempt to prohibit and restrain the issue and circu
lation of small notes by a resort to taxation, or by
applying bankrupt laws to these corporations,
would be premature. In my former reports, the
subject has been brought to the attention of Con
gress, with a view to the full consideration of the
evil and danger to our currency, from their con
tinued use, under the hope that Congress, or the
States authorizing their issue, would take action,
to extend the restriction and make it general.
If the small notes are withdrawn ana prohibited,
it is believed the operations of the treasury, in the
collection and disbursement of the national revenue,
would be as salutaiy a restraint upon the banks
and upon commercial transactions as could be in
terposed. and all sufficient to secure as sound,
healthy and uniform a currency, aa it is practicable
to have.
THE SUB-TREASURY.
The money statements of the treasury, and state
ment of deposits by disbursing officers, exhibit about
$30,000,000 at ail times in the national treasury.
The daily receipts and daily payments, covering
more than $73,000,000 of annum receipts, and more
than $72,000,000 of annual payments, are daily
drawing from banks and businessmen, large amounts
of gold and silver into the national treasury, in pav
ment of customs duty, and in payment lor public
lands, and controlling the banks and the traders, in
their operations, whilst the daily payments, at the
national treasury, supply the gold and silver to new
channels of circulation, without causing undue pres
sure in monetary affairs. This $30,000,000 is not
dead capital. The $10,000,000 or $12,000,000 of it
allowed to the mint and branches, for the purpose of
bullion, is always active, being exchanged for bul
lion and replaced by coinage, yet always ready for
the wants of the national treasury, whilst the’ bal
ance constitutes the distributive fund, that gives
confidence in the ability of the treasury, to meet all
demands.
Tbe independent treasury, however, may exercise
a fatal control over the currency, the banks and the
trade of the country, and will do so, whenever the
revenue shall greatly exceed the expenditures.
There has been expended, since the 4th of March,
1853, more than $45,525,000, in the redemption of
the public debt. This debt has been presented,
from time to time, as the money accumulated in the
national treasury, and caused stringency in the
money market. If there had been n<x public debt,
and n ? means of disbursing this large join, and again
i giving it to the channels of commerce, the accumu
lated sum would have acted, fatally, on the banks
and on trade. The only remedy would have been a
reduction of the revenue, there being no-’ demand
and no reason, for increased expenditures.
\ TARIFF MODFIICATION RECOMMENDED.
The existing tariff law? might be so modified, as to
be of more certain and easy execution, and to the
prevention of that fluctuation in duties, of which the
manufacturers and the friends of protection com
plain. The greater part of the revenue, now col
lected, is from iron aud steel and manufacturers of
iron and steel, silk and manufacturers of silk, wool
and manufacturers of wool, hemp and flax and the
manufacturers of hemp and flax, and the manufac
turers of cotton, and manufacturer* of which silk,
wool, hemp, flax, and cotton are component parts,
and brandies, wines, and sugars. The import oi
these articles for the fiscal year 1856 amounted to
$166,089,379, and the duties on them to $47,168,850.-
05, as per statement No. 28 of this report.
The presentjariff laws place portions of these art!
cles, iu different schedules, aud impose different
rates of duty, on the articles placed iu the several
schedules, according to value and use, and to the
chief value of the article, composing the fabric. This
make-* it the duty of the examiners and appraisers
to examine, classify, and place the article in its ap
propriate schedule, aud requires skill and time to
accomplish it correctly. A part of this skill and la
bor could be dispensed with by putting all manu
factures of silk, wool, hemp, flax aud cotton, or of
which any of said articles is a component part, into
our schedule, and at one rate of duty, and render
the duty more certain, and the law more practicable
iu the execution.
The fluctuation in prices, and consequently the
fluctuation of duties, could be greatly lessened, if
not removed, by authorizing and requiring
the appraisers, to fix the value at the time of expor
tation, at the average foreign value, for the last three
or four years. The appraisers must have know
ledge of all articles of commerce, the countries of
their production, and their quality and value, also
of the shipping and other charges, and must keep
themselves informed upon all these points, in past
years, as well as at the current time. If the law
authorized them to go back and take the average of
the p-eceding three or four years, in fixing upon the
appraised value, the extreme fluctuations in price
and duties would be .avoided, and She temptation to
invoice below value, lessened. The articles enume
rated have been selected for illustration: the reason
ing is applicable to duties on other articles embraced
in the schedules, but the difficulty is not so great.—
The existing laws require the importer to produce to
the collector, his invoice of imported goods, prior
to making entry, and that invoice and entry i> the
importer’s declaration of the foreign value at the
date of exportation, and gives the right to the im
porter of loreign goods to advance the cost on ma
kieg his entry, so as to be equal to the foreign val
ue at the time of exportation, and imposes an ad
ditional duty of 20 per cent, when the entered
value of such goods is found to be 10 per cent, or
more below the appraised value, but gives no such
privilege of raising the value, to goods imported by
the producer or manufacturer, and does not im
pose the duty of 20 per cent, when such goods are
appraised 10 per cent, or more above the invoice
value.
The department has considered as to unpurchased
goods, the act of 1842 is in force, and that under
said act, when found 10 per cent, or more below the
appraised value, they are liable to 50 per cent, duty,
on the duty under the provisions of said act, but the
inferior courts hold, that that act is also confined to
purchased goods, and no case has arisen in which
the department has had the question decided, by
the Supreme Court. The provisions of the act of
1846 s ould be made applicable to all imported
goods. The attention of Congress w s called to
this eubject, in a letter addressed to the Speaker of
the House of Representatives and President of the
Senate, under date of the 22dday of July, 1856, and
the proper modification of the law suggested. That
letter accompanies this report. It is true, existing
law authorizes the seizure and forfeiture ot goods
fraudulently entered below their value ; but when
the duty is levied upon the foreign value, at 1 he date
of exportation, such a difference between the in
voice value and the appraised value, is not always
such evidence of fraud, without other circumstan
ces, as will justify seizure and condemnation ; whilst
ten per cent, or more, in the case of purchased goods,
gives the additional duty, and makes it the interest
of the importer to look well to his invoice and en
try. The law, by not making it the interest of the
importer of uupurchased goods, to look with like
vigilance to his invoice and his entry, places him in
a more favorable condition than the importer of
purchased goods. It is alleged that more than two
thirds of all imported goods are, on account of the
foreign producer or manufacturer. If they were
placed on the same footing, there would be fewer
attempts to enter goods below their foreign value,
aud no advantage allowed to the foreign producer
or manufacturer, over the American purchaser aud
importer.
LOSSES BY DEFAULTERS.
In my last report, it was stated there were still
outstanding on the books of the treasury the sum
of $24,739,133 41 of the $132,521,15 4.50 found to be
outstanding, on the 4th of March, 1853. Since that
report, various corrections in the accounts have
been made, and also many collections, aud accounts
closed to the amount of $1,916,345.30, and there has
been added in adjustment $1,076,264.30. The
balance now outstanding is $23,898,952.41. The
Department after a careful examination and investi
gation, had ascertained that $6,213,345.69, of the
amount now outstanding, is utterly lost to the
government, by the death of the parties, without
leaving any estate, or by hopeless insolency. It is
proposed, with the consent of Congress, to carry
these balances to tbe ac count of profit aud loss, on
the books of the several Auditors and Comptrollers,
and on the books of the Register.
ECONOMY OF THE SUB-TREASURY.
The Independent Treasury act has been carried
into effect, tLe past year, as far as it has been prac
ticable, for the department to enforce it. Most of
the distributing officers of the government, where
conveniently situated, have, and continue to avail
themselves of the convenience and security of de
positing, in the vaults of the treasurer, assistant
treasurers, and public depositories, as will be seen
by statement No. 89 of this report. Those who have
not deposited in the vaults of the government, al
though convenient, construe the act of 1846 as al
lowing the officer, a discretion upon the subject.—
This they sometimes exercise, by making what
they term special deposits, with chartered and un
cliartered banks. The security of the public money,
and the prevention of its application, to any other
than public use, calls for explicit legislation upon
the subject, and the extension of the penalties of the
act of 1846 to those receiving public money from
disbursing agents and others, who have public
money iu their hands. The courts have found dif
ficulty iu applying the act, to all cases within its
spirit, because thought not to be, technically within
its terms.
The amount transferred for disbursement, during
the past fiscal year, was $38,088,113 92, at a cost of
$12,945.87, whilst the premiums paid on sale of
treasury drafts, have been $54,924.16, leaving $41,-
978,29 over and above the expenses. It is believed
that, with care and vigilance, the transfer of public
money will hereafter be made, through the agencies
of the treasurer and assistant treasurers, aud deposit
taries, without charge and without risk, except un
der extraordinary circumstances, and in peculiar
times. The receipts and expenditures, during the
past fiscal year, have amounted, in the aggregate, to
$146,866,933.48, and have all been, in the constitu
tional currency of gold and silver, without any dis
turbing effect upon the currency, the hanks, or bu
siness of the country. However, the withdrawal
and prohibition of the small-note circulation of the
banks is still deemed essential, to a sound and stable
currency, and to be called for by the best interests
of all the States.
All which is respectfully submitted.
James Guthrie,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Report of the Postmaster General.
[extracts.]
Post Office Department, Dec. 1, 1856.
Sir :—Since my last annual report, the Post
offices have been increased 1,155, and numbered on
the 30th of June last 25,565. Three hundred and
thirty-nine of the Postmasters were appointed by
the President, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, the yearly commissions exceeding
SI,OOO. On the 30th of June, 1852, the number of
post-offices in the United States was 20,901, showing
an increase in the last four years of 4,664.
On the 30th of June last there were in operation
7,972 mail routes. The number of contractors was
6,372. The length of these routes is estimated at
239,642 miles, divided as follows, viz :
20,323 miles of railroad.
14,951 “ steamboat.
50,453 “ coach.
153,915 “ inferior grades.
EXTENSION OF RAILROAD SERVICE.
The following table shows the extension of rail
road service during the year, separately, in five
groups of States, viz :
Additional Length Miles of Annual c t
Additional. of routes. Transportation. Losl -
New Exgland and New
York 150 262,863 $16,940
New Jersey, Pennsyl
vania, Delaware, Ma
ryland and 0hi0.... 327 425,743 23,865
Virginia, North Caroli
na, South Carolina,
and Georgia 168 396,804 67,911
Michigan, Indiana, Illi
nois and Wisconsin.. 862 1,045,496 82,575
Kentucky, Tennessee,
Alabama, Mississippi
and Louisiana 483 475,921 46,009
Total 1,990 2,606,827 $237,300
The railroad service within the last four years has
increased at a very rapid rate, showing the growth
of our country ana the enterprise of its citizens. On
the first of July, 1842, the total length of railroad
routes was 3,001 miles, and the cost of service was
$432,568. On the first day of July, 1852, the num
ber of miles on which the mail was conveyed on
railroad amounted to 10,146, costing $1,275,520,
making an increase of 7,055 miles in ten years, at
an additional cost of $842,952. Between the first
of July, 1852, and the first of July, 1856. the railroad
service was increased 10,177 miles, exhibiting the
fact that within that time this description of ser
vice has been more than doubled.
The average cost of railroad service in 1852, es
timated on the length of routes one way, was $125.-
71 a mile ; in 1856, $101.45 a mile ; being a decrease
of $24.26 a mile. For other modes of conveyance
the average rate of pay has largely advanced during
the same period, owing to causes beyond the power
of the Department to control.
The lettings of new contracts for the term com
mencing first of July last, embraced the States of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland
and Ohio.
The following table shows the new service, as in
operation on the 30th September :
Miles in Miles of annual
Conveyance. length, transportation. Cost.
Railroad 5,298 5,607,177 $t90,526
Steamboat 254 115,128 10,125
Coach 9,163 4,025.362 202,592
Inferior modes 18,156 3,615,700 223,557
Total 32,771 13,503,457 $1,126,800
Compared with the service on i3oth June last,
there is an aggregated decrease of 229 miles in the
length of routes ; but an increase of 636,554 miles
in the annual transportation, and $126,116 in cost.
ISTHMUS TRANSPORTATION.
The Panama Railroad C mpany has been paid
for transportation of the mails across the |lsthmu3
during the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1856, the
sum of $141,303.16. For the first quarter of the
present fiscal year they received $44,659.34. At the
last session of Congress, I took occasion to call your
attention to the large smna paid the Company for
this a jrvice, and transmitted to you the correspon
dence which had taker place between the Depart
ment and the Company, in relation to a proposed
reduction in their charges.
This report was laid by you before Congress, but
no definite action was had thereon. In referring
again to this subject, it will be necessary for me
simply to repeat the reason stated in my correspon
dence with the Company, and in my letter to you
of the 16th of April, 185 b. * » * »
In April following, the difficulties in Nicaragua
had closed the route through that State, which made
it impossible for me to have the mails of the United
States conveyed by any other route than via Pana
ma, and I was then notified that unless the Depart
ment should give them twenty-two cents a pound
in the future, and pay them the amount $18,093 88)
withheld by my order, reducing the price to eigh
teen cents a pound, the mails of the United States
should not be taken across tbe Isthmus. In view of
the financial troubles and probable bankruptcies
which a discontinuance of the mail service would
have caused to hundreds, if not thousands of our cit
izens, on both our Atlantic and Pacific coasts, I was
compelled to submit to what I considered a gross
im position, and the order of the Department reducing
the rate was resciaded, and the company have com
tinued to be p id at the rate of twenty-two cents a
pound up to this time. The Panama Railroad is for
ty-eight miles in length, aud in its construction and
equipments, cost, it is said, eight millions of dol
lars. The service performed is twice a month each
wav.
■fb show the exorbitancy of the demand made by
the Company, it will only be necessary for me to re
fer to cue of tbe railroads in the United States which
receives an adequate compensation fi.r the services
rendered the department; and a like reference
could be made to tbe compensation of other rail
roads, with a similar result. The New York and
Erie Railroad is 460 miles in length, and cost over
thirty millions of dollars. The service performed is
nineteen trips a week, for which they receive niue
ty-two thousand dollars a year. The Panama Com
pany, with a road costing about one-fourth as much
as the New York and Erie, performing but a tithe
of the service, received tie last year $49,083 38
more compensation, and for the present year are
likely to receive an amount nearly double that
paid to the latter company. Viewing this as au
attempt to draw from the Treasury more than was
properly due, it ought, in my’opinion, to be
promptly rebuked, and 1 would therefore recom
mend the immediate passage of a law limiting the
compensation to a sum not exceeding fifty thousand
dollars per annum. This would be a liberal and
just remuneration for all the services rendered to the
government.
In my previous reports I have referred to the ne
cessity for increased mail facilities between our At
lantic and Pacific coasts. The great and increasing
trade and correspondence between these important
points demand a weekly service, and I would ask
that power be conferred on the Department to enter
into a contract to convey the mails twice a month,
alternating with the line via Panama, by the route
via Nicaragua or Tehauutepec, at a sum not ex
ceeding $200,000 a year.
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES.
The expenditures of the Department for the past
fiscal year, amounted to $10,405,286.36 —viz :
For compensation to Postmasters $2,102,690 78
Ship, steamboat and Way Letters 17,612 67
Transportation of the Mails 6,765,639 42
Wrapping Paper 31,627 J 4
Office Furniture 5,290 33
Advertising 64,603 53
Mail Bags 48,915 64
Blanks 48,563 94
Mail Locks, Keys and Stamps. 11,136 76
Mail Depredations, Special Agents 63,501 77
Clerks for Offices - 756,080 80
Postage Stamps ... 26,704 77
Stamped Envelopes .... 64,685 84
Payment to Letter Carriers 162,915 59
Miscellaneous Payments 200,080 40
Balance due to Bremen 8,638 27
Balances due to Great Britain 23,848 71
$10,405,266 36
The gross revenue of the Department from all
sources in the past fiscal year was $6,920,821.66 viz :
Letter Postage $1,754,766 96
Registered Letters 31,466 60
Stamps sold 4,235,445 49
Newspapers and Pamphlets 632,745 49
Fines 70 00
Emoluments Returned 14,800 03
Letter Carries 162,915 59
Dead Letters .. 8,383 50
Extra compensation to Postpiasters over
charged 14,714 96
Miscellaneous Receipts 5,513 04
$6,920,821 66
If to the gross revenue derived from postages and
the other sources embraced in the foregoing state
ment be added the permanent annual appropriation
of SIOO,OOO, granted by the acts 3d March, 1847
and 3d March, 1851, for mail services rendered to
the government, iu the transportation and deliverey
of free matter, the entire revenue of the year 1856
will amount, to $7,620,821.66. The expenditure of
the year, as before stated, were $10,405,286.36, to
which is to be added the sum of $3,194.78, for ac
counts closed by “bad” and “compromised debts,”
less $612.96 for the amount of credit balance closed
by “suspense account,” leaving the whole expendi
ture of the year, as stated by the Auditor $10,407,-
867.18. Hence it appears that the excess of expen
ditures over the gross revenue of the year was
$2,787,046 52.
In the fiscal year which ended June 30th, 1852, the
first after the adoption of the reduced rates, the rev
enue was dimislied about 22 per cent.; and for the
period of four years terminating on the 30th June,
1856, the average annual increase of revenue from
letter postage and stamps sold, was 9 33-100 per
cent.; nearly four per cent., of which average was
derived from the extraordinary increase in 1854,
which exceeded the previous year 21 9-100 per cent.
In 1853, 1855 and 1856, the business of the country
was neither seriously depressed nor embarrassed,
and yet the average increase in these years were
less than 5£ per cent.; from which, it is tuir to con
clude, that low rates of postage have ceased to
stimulate the correspondence of the country.
ESTIMATES FOR THE CURRENT YEAR.
It is estimated that the expenditures for the year
1857, will amount to $10,658,678, viz :
Fortr nsportation of the mails, foreign and
inland, and for local agents, route agents
and mail messengers $6,675,000
For compensation to postmasters, ship, steam
boat and way-letters, wrapping paper, of
fice furniture, advertising, mail bags,
blanks, mail locks, keys and stamps, mail
depredations and special agents, clerks for
ofiices, postage stamps and stamped envel
opes .. 3,508,500
For various expenses, incidental to the ser
vice 100,000
For balances payable to foreign countries on
postal accounts 210,178
For letter carriers 165,000
$10,658,678
The means available for the year 1857 are estima
ted at $9,991,794.78, viz :
Balance to the credit of the revenue account
on the 30th of June, 1856, aa stated by the
Auditor $789,599,78
Deduct for unavailable balances and sus
pended credit about 200,000.00
Probable available balauce $589,599.78
Gross revenue for 1857 estimated at 7,399,695.00
Appropriations applicable to 1857, remain
ing in the Treasury undrawn 2,063,500.00
$9,991,791.78
Estimated deficiency in 1857 to be provided
for by Congress $666,883.22
If the permanent annual appropriation of $700,000
granted by Congress lor services rendered to the
government in the transmission and distribution of
tree m-tter be embraced in the revenue of each
year, the annual excess or expenditure over revenue
for four years past will be as follows, viz :
Excess of expenditure year ending—
June 30, 1853. .$2,042,364.67
“ “ “ “ 1854.. 1,666,224.82
14 44 44 44 1855.. 2,626,856.15
44 44 44 44 1856.. 2,787,946.52
THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE.
In my last annual report, iu referring to the defi
ciency in the Post office revenue, I expressed mv re
gret that Congress had not abolished the franking
privilege when .hey passed the act of 3d March, re
ducing the raies of postage. The experience of the
last year has satislied me more fully that this privil
ege should be speedily abolished. For months du
ring this year free matter by the ton passed through
the mails into every part ot the United States, inter
fering greatly with the regular transmission of the
correspondence of the country. When this free
matter passes from the railroads, it is almost imprac
ticable to forward it by the ordinary conveyances.—
The evil is yearly increasing, detracting largely from
the revenues of the Department, and impairing its
efficiency.
If my views regarding the abolition of the frank
ing —a measure which would greatly re
duce the expenses of the Department—be not adopt
ed by Congress, I would recommend the passage of
a law enabling the Department to charge the ordi
nary rates of postage on letters and printed matter
tfhicli now pass free through the mails. If, in addi
tion to this, the clause of the act of 30th August,
1852, allowing a deduction of 50 per cent, on news
papers and periodicals when paid quarterly or year
ly in advance, be abolished, as recommended in my
last two annual reports, and the Department be re
lieved from the expense of ocean mail steamships
and Isthmus service, it would, with a proper econo
my soon sustain itself. The power of the head of
this Department over the treasury would then be
confined within proper limits, and the accountabili
ty contemplated by the act of 1836 be again estab
lished.
PRE PAYMENT OF TRANSIENT AND PRINTED MAT
TER.
The operation of the act which went into effect
Ist April, 1855, requiring pre-payment of postage on
letters from one point to another within the United
States has proved generally very satisfactory.—
Without alluding to other advantages, it affords the
only sure means of guarding the Department against
loss from fraud or carelessness ; ana I beg to renew
my former recommendation for the passage of an
act making pre-payment also compulsory on tran
sient printed matter.
OCEAN MAIL LINES.
In relation to these mail lines, to foreign ports, I
may be permitted, to observe that, if the present
system is to be continued of sustaining them in
whole, or in part, out of the funds of the General
Treasury, no reason is perceived why one port of
the United States should be preferred to the exclu
sion of others. From the port of New York there
now run four lines, embracing the branch from New
Orleans to Havana, which receive from the Trea
sury the yearly sum of one million four hundred and
ninety-eight thousand dollars ; and appropriations
continue to be asked for other lines runniug from
the same port.
The establishment of steam lines from any port
adds considerably to its trade and importance, and
the advantages arising therefrom should be distri
buted equally, as far a« practicable, among the dif
ferent States of the Union.
General regularity has been observed on all the
United States Steamship lines, except between
New Orleans and Vera Cruz, and New Orleans and
AspinwalL
The most serious complaints have arisen from the
repeated failures of the New Orleans mail to connect
with the New York and Pacific line at the Isthmus
of Panama. No less than thirteen of these failures,
either outward or inward, have occurred since the
20th of June, 1855. Some of these, it is alleged,
have been occasioned by accidents to the steamers
and others from causes beyond the control of the
Company. Many more failures have occurred since
the contractors have run via Havana, than when
the service was direct between New Orleans and
Anpinwall. From July, 1852, to September, 1854,
the mails were conveyed direct; but by thei r con
tract, the Company stipulate only to run from New
Y'ork and New Orleans to Havana, thence by one
line to Aspinwall; and the Department cannot com
pel them to keep up the direct service. Evey means,
however, within the power of the Department, has
been and will continue to be employed to enforce
regularity, and it is hoped there will be no further
cause of complaint.
POSTAL CONVENTIONS WITH FOREIGN GOVERN
MENTS.
I regret that the differences hitherto preventing
the conclusion of a Postal Convention with France,
are still unadjusted. The hope was entertained that
as this Department had yielded to the desire of the
French Government as regards the adoption of the
quarter ounce scale for letters, that an arrangement
would before this have been consummated and in
successful operation. The terms offered on the part
of* the United States are certainly liberal, and there
appears to be no good reason why they may not be
accepted. It was with reluctance, however, that
consent on our part was given to the quarter ounce
scale, since the half ounce for single letters is the
scale observed with us, and in all our postal arrange
ments with foreign countries: and, looking to a cheap,
simple, and. as far as practical le, uniform system of
postage, which, it is hoped, may ere long be ar
ranged for __ international corresp indence throug
out the civilized world, it would be an important
point gained, were the French government to as
sent to the general introduction of the half ounce
scale.
The French government having made provision
for the transit conveyance through England of
books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines and other
printed matter from the United States addressed to
France, Algeria or cities of Turkey, Syria and Egypt,
where France has postal arrangements on applica
tion of the French Director General of Posts in the
month of March last, instructions were issued from
this Department, authorizing the transmission, via
England, of all such printed matter on prepayment
of the same rates of the United States postage as
are chargeable thereon when despatched to France
direct.
A proposition has been received from the British
Post Office for a reduction of the postage between
the United States and Great Britain, from twenty
four to twelve cents the single letter. In answer,
this Department has indicated a willingness to agree
to this proposal, provided the transit charge on mail»
passing through England, from and to the Un Jed
.Status, is reduced to twelve and a half cents an
ounce, the price paid by that government for the
i conveyance of the British and Canada mails through
! the L nited States. This Department has been tor
j years endeavoring to have an abatement made in
t.ns tiansit charge, which is oonsid -red excessive,
and in the present instance the condition was ren
dered necessary, inasmuch as a reduction on United
otates and British correspondence will involve, also
a reduction of the sea postage on the United States
and Continental closed mails, the effect of which
would be greatly to reduce the receipts from the
United States Mail Steamship lines, unless there is
a corresponding reduction in the British transit tax,
so that by lower rates correspondence would be in
creased sufficiently to prevent loss. <: '
So far as Great Britain is concerned, iu the event
of a reduction simply in the Atlantic postage, it is
not likely she would suffer any serious diminution
of her postal revenues, since she would doubtless be
compensated for any loss on that account by the
increased amount of transit postage she would real
ize under such au arrangement. This con ii ion
was, moreover,,coupled with an offer on the part of
this Department to have the transit price for all
closed mails, in both countries fixed at the uniform
rate ot twelve and a half cents an ounce, a conces
sion which would secure to the British and Califor
nia and Wr est India closed mails, the right of transit,
in some cases, at one-half, and in others at only
one quarter the price now charged under the treaty.
I was the more ready to make this concession,
first, because I regarded it as of the highest impor
tance that the correspondence bet ween this country
and Europe should be relieved from the onerous tax
to which it is now subjected, in order that the peo
ple on both sides of the Atlantic, in their social and
business intercourse, may be us little trammelled as
possible: and second, because it is likewise very de
sirable, as well in foreign as in ilomestic posted ar
ragements, that simplicity and uniformity should be
observed.
Arrangements have made between this
Department and the postal authorities of Great
Britain and Canada, providing Tor the registra
tion ot valuable iettegptransmitted,between those
countries and the United States. The United
States registration fee is five cents—the same as on
registered letters to any place in this country.
Articles of agreements have beon drawn and exe
cuted oil behalf of this Department, providing lor
a regular exchange of mails witli Holland. The pro
ject is favorably regarded by the government of
the Netherlands, and assurances hjfT’6
ed leading to the belief that, with a slight modifica
tion touching the Belgian transit postage, it will be
accepted.
An informal arrangement has been entered into
with the Free City of Hamburg for au exchange of
mails by means ot the direct line of Hamburg steam
ers» plying monthly between that city and N. York.
The single rate of postage established for letters is ten
cents, no mails for places beyond Hamburg being
transmitted by this line.
With Mexico no postal convention has yet been
concluded, but it is confidently hoped that the pend
ing negotiations on this subject may result in au
arrangement mutually advantageous to both coun
tries.
STATISTICS OF FOREIGN MAIL SERVICE.
The statistics of the foreign mail service are fully
staled in Appendix A, annexed to (his report . 1
will, however, briefly mention some of the principal
results in this important branch of the service ; as
compared with the operations of the fiscal year end
ed 30th June, 1855 :
The aggregate amount of postage, foreign and
domestic, on mails transported by the United States
Mail S’.eamship Lines, was $1,035,740.33, which is a
decrease of $24,890.40 from the previous year. The
decrease of postage by the line was $43,-
117.80; by the Havre lino, $593.51, and by the
Charleston and Havana line, $515 61. By the Bre
men line the postages were increased $12,593 77 ;
by the New York and California lines, $6,370 92 :
and by the New Orleans and Vera Cruz line,
$311.89.
The total amount of letter postage on British
mails during the past year, was $897,618.70, being a
decrease from last year of $32,048.74. Os this
amount $601,031.40 was collected in the United
States, and $296,617.30 in Great Britain, showing an
excess of $394,414.10 collected iu this country. The
unpaid received from Great Britain exceeded the
paid received $155,454 PI ; and the paid sent from
the United States exceeded the unpaid st-.nt sllß,-
959.16.
The total letter postages on Prussian closed mails
was $299,455.71, which varies but little from the
preceding year, when the postages on this class of
correspondence amounted to $299,578.46. The pro
portion of this postage collected by the United
States was, however, largely increased, the excess
collected in this country being $80,388.83. This ex
cess during the previous year was $29,722.78.
The amount of letter portages on Havre mails was
$16,139 08, all of which was collected in this coun
try. Last year, the postage on these mails amount
ed to $16,915 92.
A corresponding decrease Ims also taken place in
the amount of correspondence exchanged with Bre
men, the total postages being only $55,789 85, or
$1,874 21 less than the preceding year.
It will thus be observed that the amount of for
eign correspondence has not only fallen off very
considerably, but the revenue derived therefrom to
the United States Post Office has likewise been ma
terially lessened by the largely increased collections
made in. this country, as compared with any previ
ous year. During the year ended 30th June, 1855,
the excess of British postages collected by the Uni
ted States, over the total amount of United States
postages collected by Great Britain, was, $64,-
§2O 64.
This excess during the fiscal year was increased
to $34,530 83, notwithstanding the diminished
amount of correspondence. Like results are exhib
ited in respect to the mails exchanged with Prussia
and Bremen, showing that under our postal ar
rangements with those countries, the principle of
prepayment operates very unequally against the
United States, the expenses of collectiong chiefly
borne by this Department, which not only collects
its own, but also a very large proportion of the for
eign postages,and accounts for the same in full to
the foreign offices, without receiving any compen
satory benefit in return.
The gross amount of United States postage on
mails conveyed during the year by the Collins line
was $415,8t>7 44; by the Bremen line, $128,937 64;
and by the Havre line, $38,483 99. Deducting the
United States inland postages on these mails, the
net revenue from ocean postages by the Collinslitie
was $339,749 14; by the Bremen line, $85,492 88,
and by the Havre line, $71,882 JO.
The general results of the foreign mail service du
ring the year, as exhibited in the appendix, will be
found, on comparison, not to vary materially in oth
er respects from those of the fiscal year ended June
39th, 1855.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
James Campbell.
To the President.
From an Extraordinary Edition of the Water
ford News , Nov. 19.
The Frightful Accident on I lie Kilkenny Rail
road. Ireland.
Waterford, Wednesday Evening 5 o’clock.—
This day one of the most appalling accidents which
ever occurred in this part of the country took place
on the Waterford and Kilkenny railway, at Dunkitt,
about three miles from this city. It appears that a
number of men who were employed ballasting the
line above the scene of the calamity, were standing
in lurrys, with an engine attached, awaiting on the
side rail the arrival of the mail train from Dublin
to proceed to their work, but on the approach of
the latter, which consisted of the engine and tender,
followed by two goods wagons, two passenger car
riages, first and second class, and three goods trains
bringing up the rear, the engine driver observed
that the points were not regulated to let his train on
the main line, and seeing a collision iuvitable, lie
shouted with all his might to the men on the statio
nary train to jump off, which he did himself, and
the collision immediately took place.
The working men in the stationary train jumped
from the lurry, and a high embankment being at
the side they rushed to, all tumbled back again,
were caught by the train and cut to atoms—four
had their Leads cut completely off, and one, who
was the only victim that showed uny signs of li f e
after the collision, had his arms cut off. Human ef
forts must fail to accurately describe this appalling
picture ; brains, blood, and entrails of men, pieces
of carriages and engines, goods aud luggage, are
every where visible, and all present a scene too ter
rible for contemplation. The engine driver, who
fortunately leaped on to the side of* the track where
the down train should have passed, escaped almost
unhurt. The engine of the down train, with tender
and goods wagon, were smashed to atoms, the ten
der, on our viewing it, being standing ou the end.
The following are the names of the five men who
were killed : John Kennedy, Patrick Murphy,
John Hudson, James Myers and Martin Doyle.
The man Kennedy lay in adith bounding one side
of the line, with his skull smashed in, out of which
might be seen protruding the unfortunate man’s
brains; another lay longitudinally on the track, with
the wheel of the engine through his back, literally
cut in two, and having his head completely severed
from his body; while a third man might be seen with
both arms off. The remaining two men had also
their heads severed from their bodies, and under the
wagons adjacent, could be seen, strewed about,
fragments of the brains of the men. All those kill
ed were laborers who had come to Thomasf oil and
were employed in ballasting the line. The unfortu
nate mau Hudson, lived for some few minutes after
the accident occurred, but expired before the-arrival
of the clergyman who had been sent for. lie left a
wife and six children to deplore his untimely fate. —
This was his first day’s employment on the fine, and
he had been only two hours at work. Patrick Mur
phy also left a wife and three children. The other
three men were not married.
The passenger carriages of the down train, which
contained about twenty persons, fortunately were
not mingled with the ruin, but the sudden collision
caused the greatest consternation among the pas
sengers, daaned them about in the greatest confusion
injuring all more or less.
Territory of Arrazonia. — I The Washington
correspondent of the Baltimore Sun says :
The territory of A rrazonia, the inhabitants of which
have sent a delegate to Congress, to present their
claims for an organised territorial government, em
braces the territory acquired by the Gadsden treaty,
in addition to the Messilla valley, which we ha<l
claimed under the former treaty, and comprises
twenty-nine thousand square miles. A portion of
tbe territory is said to be arable, and well watered,
and anDther portion is undoubtedly rich in mines of
gold, silver and copper.
Wagons have traversed the territory from the Rio
Grande to the head of the Gulf of California. The
territory is chiefly valued, however, as presenting
the shortest and most practicable route for a rail
road to the Pacific. The distance from the Rio
Grande to San Diego, or San Pedro, by routes
which have been indicated, is about 1,600 miles.—
This is the route to which the Secretary of War
gives the preference, amot g those which the gov
ernment have caused to be examined and surveyed.
The cost of a railroad by this route will be very
moderate, according to the estimates, and they are
believed by the Secretary to be within the mark.
Before the railroad shall be completed, however,*
from Fulton to the Rio Grande, we may have an
other slice of Mexico, aud it inay be found expedi
ent to run the road farther south.
Whether the House will consent to create a sepa
rate territorial government for Arrazonia, or extend
that of New Mexico over it, is to be seen.
Meteorology. —The monthly mean of the ther
mometer for November is 55.3.
Maximum point of barometer 29.77. minimum,
29.13. R&Dge for the month .64 showing an unusu
al degree of expansability in atmospheric pressure,
and probably accounting to some extent for the pre
valence of diseases of the respiratory organs. For
a.-* sudden changes in the temperature effect the skin
and produce disease, by breathing cold and warm
air alternately, we might suppose that a greater or
le*s amount of oxygen existing in the atmoephere
we breathe, might by rapid transitions, produce an
unhealthy state of the lungs and bronchial tubes.
Amount of rain for the month 9.73 inches which
seem to be making up the deficiency of the summer
months.— Sparta Georgian.
Coolness Unparalleled. —A mercantile firm
of this cito received this week a letter from the cap
tain of one of thebiigs they chartered, dated Bar
badoes. in which he informs them that as he believes
the United States are about going, to eternal smash,
he sold ship and cargo and pocketed the money,
which he didn’t think they will ever see again. He
concludes with some complimentary allusions to our
countrymen, and wishes he had never seen any of
them. The vessel is the brig Boston.— Boston Ga
zette.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XX. NO. 51.
Extensive Conulcrfcifliur Operations IMnYov
ered.
A Club ok Spurious Bill Brokers Brought
to Light.— At New York, on Saturday, officer
Hugh Masterson, assisted by Officers Murphy and
Sutherla ad, succeeded iu bringing to light oue of
the most extensive offices for the circulation of
counterfeit money ever brought to the knowledge of
the police or the business public.
From present appearances, it seems as though a
cl ue has been obtained to the headquarters of a nest
ot skilltul sounterfeiters, w’bo for years have been
committing their depredations on* society. Word
brought to the Chief’s office that a number of
skillfully executed bills on the Morris County Bank
were in circulation, which almost defied the experi
ence ot the employee of the bank to detect, while
brokers repeatedly took them for genuine, and the
(. aslnci wished Mr. Matsell to send a competent
officer to make an arrest, as bethought he knew* who
one of the parties were. Officer Masterson was ac
cordingly despatched to work the matter up, and he
found that a man named John Garrison hail notified
the bank that he knew where the false money could
be bought . After a conference with the officers of
the bank, it was at length agreed that Mr. Master
son should be introduced by Garrison to the suspect
ed party as a drover who wished the counterfeit
money to pay for cattle. He was accordingly taken
to the Commercial Hotel in Courtland street, where
Garrisou introduced him to a person whom he called
John Williams. Williams offered to furnish the
supposed drover with counterfeit money on the
Morris County Bank to any amount for forty cents
i*n the dollar, and produced the money to show how
well it was executed. At this moment one of the
other officers entered the room, and Williams sus
pecting something wrong, sprang for the grate, and
thrust the bills iu his hand in the fire ; but they
were picked out in time to show what they were.
YY illiams was taken to the Chief’s office, where,
after some solicitation, he informed the officers that
he had procured the false money of Taylor vY* Broth-
brokers, doing business at the corner of
Chatham and James streets. The officers, accom
panied by the piisouer, proceeded to the place in
dicated, and alter some lnauoeuvering succeeded in
arresting James $1 and Frank Taylor on the charge
of passing counterfeit money. The plan for cutcL
ing them in the act of passing the money, was laid
most adroitly, and succeeded admirably. It was
done by Williams buying the spurious bills of one of
the Taylor’s while the two officers stood by, at an
other counter, pretending to want the change of
two ten doflnr bills, until they saw thermunterfrit
money produced, when they immediately arrested
the two Taylors.
The premises were theu searched, when a number
ot packages of counterfeit money was found,
amounting in all to over $20,000. The prisoners,
together with the money iu the store, good aud bad|
were taken to the Chief’s office, where the matter
will bo further investigated to-day. Among the
counterfeit bills were a number on the Merchant’s
Bank of New York, Morris County Bank of New
.Jersey, Fanners’ Bank of New Y’ork, Hamilton
Bank of New Jersey, mostly of large denomina
tions ; Easton Bunk of Pennsylvania, and Onondu
ga Bank of New York, besides others. Williams,
it is said, was recently pardoned out of State prison
by Gov. Clark.
The New Y’ork Times of Monday gives some ad
ditional particulars :
In addition to the counterfeit- money, a large
quantity ot genuine was found, which was counted
up and sealed by the President and Cashier of the
1 radesmen s Bank, with whom these parties had
been transacting business, and who, hearing of the
arrest of the Taylors, had oome into the office in order
to secure their own property. The prisoners, togotli
er with the entire contents of the office, were theu
conveyed to tlie Chiefs office.
The counterfeit notes seized amount to $30,000,
and all of them are so admirably executed as to re
quire the closest scrutiny of good judges to detect
them. r lhey were sole to Williams for a shilling on
the dollar. The prisoners were lodged, Saturday
night, iu the Third Ward station house. Yerterday
morning the arrested parties were taken before
Justice Davidson of the Jefferson Market Police
Court for examination. Williams stated that his
real name was Augustus Kimberly, and that he
came from Connecticut. lie is 45 years old, and
has a family in Connecticut. He profesSes that this
is liis first essay in the counterfeiting business. 11 o
was committed for trial in default ot bail.
The two Taylors gave their names a i James M.
Taylor and Jeremiah L. Taylor. The first is 32
years of age, and the latter 35. They stated that
they were both natives of New Y'ork City, and had
always lived here. They gave bail in $5,000 each.
Marcus Starkie, of No. 105 Monroe street, became
surety for James M. Tayior, and William H Good
win, of No. 107 East Thirty-ninth street, for .Jere
miah L. Tayloi
On Saturday, the day of the arrest of the above
parties, Justice Davidson issued warrants, also, for
the arrest of the Messrs. Taylo.s. The ground of
the issue of the wairants was * a statement by a
younglud, named George Kelly, * arrested Friday
afternoon for passing two of the counterfeit bills
above referred to, on the Onondago bank ofSyra
cuse, that lie obtained the bills from the office of
tlk Messrs. Taylors, Exchange Brokers, corner of
Chatham and James st reets. The arrest of young
Kelly was mentioned in Saturday’s Times. He
says lie gave the Taylors one shilling apiece for the
bills. Kelly was likewise examined yesterday be
fore Justice Davidson, and in default of bail, com
mitted for trial.
Am Emeus— Conference Session. —The Georgia
Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, commenced its session in Amertcus on
Wednesday last— the venerable and venerated
Bishop Andrews presiding over its deliberations.—
Tii re were iu attendance about two hundred
Preachers, itinerant and local, and the proceedings
oi this large and influential body, up to the time of
our leaving, were delightfully harmonious and satis
factory. Bishop Andrews possesses very superior
talents as a presiding officer. His occasional ad
monitions and suggestions are exceedingly well
timed and appropriate. On Sabbath morning he de
livered one of his good old-fashioned, telling dis
courses, to the very large and deeply impressed
auditory, which assembled at the Met hodist Church.
After which, he ordained to the office of Deacon
some forty candidates, “ »
The Uev. Dr. Summers, the indefatigable and
learned Book Editor, from Nashville, w*as also in
attendance, and made interesting and effective
speeches at the Anniversaries of the Sunday School,
Tract and Missionary Societies. Upwards of twen
ty thousand dollars were raised during the last year,
within the bounds ol the Conference for missions ;
and we judged from the reports, that other interests
under the supervision and direction ot* the Confer
ence, were highly prosperous. We are not pre
pared at present to notice them more elaborately.
We cannot omit, however, to mention the gratifica
tion with winch we listened to an eloquent address
before the Conference, from the Rev. Dr. McNeil,
the efficient con esponding secret try of the Ameri
can Bible Society.
The pulpits of the different Churches on Sabbatii,
were tilled, by members of the Conference ; and the
intelligent and worthy citizens dispensed their
hospitality w*ith graceful and characteristic afflu
ence.
We were compelled to leave before the appoint
ments were announced. —Macon Messenger.
Late fpoai Texas. —The steamship Louisiana,at
New Orleans from Indianola via Galveston, brings
later news from Texas.
Ex Governor Bell will not be a candidate for re
election to Congress.
The weather, says the Galveston papers, has been
wet, and the receipts of cotton have fallen off’. It is
thought most of the crop within hauling distance is
in the market.
The receipts are almost double in amount of those
up to the corresponding period of last year, and it is
thought that moat of the cotton still to come forward
is that from high up in the interior and awaiting
navigation, and suen as is detained east of the Trini
ty, where the crop has been good, for a rise in that
river, the Sabine and Neelies. Business has been
further limited in this city in consequence of the dif
ficulty of sampling and handling cotton in the mud
and rain.
Some sugar planters have commenced grinding,
but the cane wus not in a condition to make any
yield.
There is again an expression of fears of the incur
sions of the ludians. The Civilan says:
The news in our last of Indian murders in Kerr
county seems to indicate that the people of that
new county are in a critical situation. Ton of her
citizens were murdered within a few days. Her
losses last year, in life and stock, were considerable,
and altogether that beautiful region has had a severe
scourge. Kersville is the highest settlement on the
Guadalupe, and, unless protected by the military,
the people must either abandon their homes or de
fend themselves, which, with so sparse a population,
Ls hard to do.
One of our Galveston contemporaries notices a
new article of cotton raised iu Fort Bend county. It
is called silk cotton, and is an entirely new article,
imported from Mexico, and lias never been tried in
Texas before. Five bales of this cotton had just
been sold in the Galveston market at twenty cents
per pound.
Atlantic &, Gulf Railroad Company. —The
Board of Commissioners ot the Atlantic and Gulf
Railroad Company met in this city ou Thursday, the
4th instant.
PRESENT,
Hon. J. P. Screven. Hon. W. G. Ponder,
44 Charles Spalding, “ E. R. Young,
“ C. J. Munnerlyn, 44 W. B. Hodgson.
J. YV. Duncan, Secretary.
On motion of Hon. W. G. Ponder, Dr. James P.
Screven, of Chatham, was appointed President pro
Lem. of the Board of Commissioners.
Messrs. Ponder, Young, Munnerlyn and Screven
presented additional subscriptions in part, in substi
tution of previous subscriptions, as well as increas
ing the stock over six hundred thousand dollars.
In conformity of the order of his Excellency, the
Governor, in compliance with the Act of Incorpo
ration, the Stockholders proceeded, under the super
intendance of the Commissioners, to elect a Board
of Directors for the permanent organization of the
Company. The Hon. A. J. Lawson, of Burke, and
the lion. I.T. Irving, of Wilkes, represented the
yote of the State.
On counting out the ballots, it appeared that the
following nine gentlemen were unanimously elected
Directors until February, 1858, to wit :
James P. Screven, C. J. Munnerlyn,
W. B. Hodgson, J. K. Stapler,
J. Stoddard, A. T. Mclntyre,
11. Roberts, E. It. Young,
W. H. Long.
The duties of the Board of Commissioners having
terminated, they retired. *
The meeting of the Board of Directors was held
in private. We understand, however, that the
Hon. J. P. Screven was elected President of the
Board. —Southern Recorder.
Irish Emigration. —Notwithstanding the de
creased population in Ireland and the improved de
mand and better wages for labor, the people con
tinue to desert their native soil. According to one
of the Galway papers, the self ex patriation is still
alive, and the peasantry manifest a restless tenden
denc> to try their fortunes in other climes. The
mania, it is said, is rapidly extending to the middle
as well as the lower classes, and it is by no means
confined to the west of Ireland—it pervades the is
land throughout.
The paucity of inhabitant in some districts, says
the Western Star, one would think would be au in
ducement for the present residents to remain, espe
cially as wages are good for operatives and work
men of every craft, and the laborer is surrounded
with an amount of comfort he never enjoyed before.
Bands of emigrants of the laboring class, escorted
by numbers of relatives, are continually passing
through this town on their way to America, whence
they, for the most part, have received the amount of
their passage money. Though the intelligence re
ceived from the United States and Canada is for the
most part encouraging to those who contemplate
crossing the Atlantic, yet the feeling is gradually
increasing of proceeding to Australia. It has be
come knovrn that some of the colonies have sub
scribed largely in aid of emigration from this coun
try on the “bounty system,” and every day for the
last month we have had a large number of applica
tions to know how “free passages” can be obtained.
The authorities, however, have not afforded any fa
cilities to such of the inhabitants of the west of Ire
land as might be anxious to emigrate, after having
been deemed suitable candidates for passage.
Rev. Lovick Pierce. —This venerable and emi
nent divine preached his semi-centennial Anniver
sary Sermon, before the Georgia Conference, and a
crowded audience, on Sabbath night last, at Ame
ricus. It was an occasion of deep interest, aud
thrilling memories were called up from the eventful
past, by this “old man eloquent,” who for half a
century, has rendered distinguished and valuable
service in every department of religious and philan
thropic effort.— Macon Messenger.
From the L tndon Pont, Nov. 18.
The English RniUvay Swindler*
Red path was not only known as a constant guest
at fashionable parties, but even contrived to get
presented at Court. He was almost as equally w< 11
known in Paris as in London, he being a frequent
visiter there, and being in the habit of patronizing
the Hotel Windtor, where he lived in moat princely
style, his hotel bill being said to have averaged
£ 100 a week.
During a recent visit it is stated that he became
a competitor with the Emperor for a beautiful*an
tique model of Leda and the Swan in silver. The
Empepor offered £7OO, and Redpath £750, and the
ornament was duly conveyed to the man
sion at Weybridge.
Redpath, like Robson, was a great patron of the
theatres, and might nightly be seen either at the
Royal Italian Opera or the llaymaiket, to the stage
ot which he had ready access, and where his love of
display, which beseems to have possessed in an ex
traordinary degree, caused him often to give away
his money—or perhaps we should say that of his em
ployers —in a most extraordinary manner. Thus,
he upon one occasion said to u leading actor, “ ,
my dear fellow, you never take a benefit, and I have
no opportunity ot showing my appreciation of your
character as a man and your talents as an actor, as
1 wish to do ; do me, therefore* the pleasure to ac
cept this slight acknowledgment of my opinion of
you”—at the same a check for fifty
pounds into his hands. The boxkeeper of the same
theatre having died a few weeks since, leaving a
widow and seven children, an appeal was made to
Redpath to assist in getting one of them into the St.
Ann’s Society Asylum, lie promised to use his
best endeavors, and the next day sent the reouisite
number of proxies to secure the election.
Nor does his conduct appear to have been always
controlled by ostentation f he having been known,
upon more than oue occasion, when attending the
elections at the institution to which wo have
alluded to, go up to some poor widow whom he had
seen bathed in tears, fearing that she had no pros
pect of securing the election of her child—to inquire
mto the case—desire her to ascertain how many
more proxies she required, and then give her a
cheque to secure them; whilst iu other cases, lie has
presented the mother with £ 20 or £25 to assist her
until the next election. On the occasion of the an
nual festive!* of oue or more of the charitable insti
tutions of the metropolis, Leopold Redpath was in
the habit of paying from £SO to £IOO from his own
jmcket in order to add to the splendor of the dinner
a tact of which very few of tue guests were cogui
zaiif.' At the first dinner of one of these societies,
after the return of his Royal Highness the Duke of
Cambridge from the Crimea—an occasion on which
his Royal Highness presided—loo were so expend
ed—the subscription list also bearing the names of
“Leopold. Redpath, Esq., £SO; and Mrs. Redpath
£;>o/ Hut this was not all ; for in the course ot the
evening Redpath handed in another cheque for
£ 105, as a donation from a “citizen who admires
the character of his Royal Highness the Duke of
Cambridge, and who wishes to congratulate his
Royal Ilighuess on his return from the Crimea.”
Pennsylvania Coai. Trade.—The Pennsylva
nia anthracite coal trade for the year ending Nov.
**o, 1850, is returned as 0,323,120 tons, being an in
crease of 175,1110 tons over the previous year. The
total increase if the year will probaby reach 225,-
310 tons. The following is a comparison of the trade
of the present year in the several regions with that
of last year:
1855. 1850.
Schuylkill Railroad 2,212,784 2,080,1108
44 Canal 1,091,705 1,110*021
Lehigh Canal 1,27-1,980 1,180,010
44 Railroad 9,003 J 05.740
Pennsylvania Coal Company. 430,081 552,722
Wyoming down Canal 401,039 510.031
Dei. and Hudson Company... 539,375 £>o3 090
Shamokin 110,111 Est 125,000
Prom Scranton—East 00,000 50,000
0,117,810 0,323,120
Os the increase t his year, 100,000 tons come from
the Wilkesbarre region, 91,000 from the Lehigh,
50,000 from the Scranton, and 10,000 from theSlia
mokin. There is a decrease of 50,000 tons from the
Schuylkill,and 30.000 by t,lie Delaware and Hud
son Company.— hull. Sun.
The Largest Gonghkssionai. District in the
United States.—The largest. Congressional district
in the United States (says the Cincinnati Enquirer)
is the second district of Wisconsin. The usual ave
rage for Congressional districts is from eight thous
and to fifteen tliousaud votes, but this district at the
late eleclion voted tlius for Congressman :
C. Billinghurst. 25,800
H.C. Hobart 23,448
Total vote 49,248
This is enormous, and well illustrates the prodigi
ous growl hos Wisconsin within the last five years.
By the next census that, district will undoubtedly
be entitled to at least three members of Congress.—
Union.
Kansas News.— By the steamer Omaha, from the
Missouri river, we learn that twenty-two of the pri
Honors at. Leeompton, who had been convicted, es
caped from prison by digging out under the foun
dation. They were not released by a inob, as was
rumored. About sixty of the remaining prisoners
are now being tried before Judge Cato, at Tecum
neh.
Gov. Geary has not been arrested for contempt ot
court, as has been rumored.
Hays, who hud been discharged by Judge Le
oompte, ou bail, and re arrested by order o? Gov.
Geary, has been released on habeas corpus gran
ted by Judge Lecompte, and lie is now at liberty,
on bail.
The land sales were adjourned on Wednesday
morning to Friday, in consequence of a slight diffi
culty occurring. It seems some man bid oil* a
claim as a squatter, at a valuation price, when it
turned out he was a citizen of Missouri. The Com
missioner requires a man who claims the rightH of a
squatter to be an actual occupant and resident on
the land.— St. Louis Intelligencer , 3 d inst.
An Important Arrival —Among the arrivals re
volted in our marine list this morning is lliat of the
Panama Railroad Co.’s brig E. Drummond, from As
pinwall on the 18th ult.
The E. Drummond has on board 600 barrels of oil,
the first, parcel which has been brought across the
Isthmus, and we regard it as only the commence
ment of a trade which is destined to effect impor
tant changes in a portion of the Pacific whale fish
ing. This lot of oil was brought into Panama by
the American whaling brig Sarah McFarlane, Cap
tain Davis C. Osborne. It was sent over the Rail
road on the 14th of November, and was alongside
the wharf in New York on the 7th inst or till days
from the Pacific. The oil has arrived in perfect or
der, and, as the Captain of the E. Drummond says,
has not leaked a drop. The whole expense of deliv
ering it in New York, taking it from ship’s takles in
the Bay of Panama, is only 9 cents per gallon.— N.
Y. Jour. Com.
Railroad Accident. —From a friend who came
yesterday over the line of the South Carolina Rail
road, we learn some particulars ot a collision that
occurred about *2:30 P. M., «n Tuesday, between the
two Daily trains on the Wilmington and Manchester
Railroad.
The collision occurred near t he “Pee Dee Curve,”
and very near the trestling which the train from
Wilmington had just cleared.
There were three passenger cars* in each train,
with full complement of tenders and baggage cars,
and in all about two hundred passengers, including
one hundred negroes.
The most remarkable and most, surprising incident
is, that notwithstanding the number of passengers,
and the comparatively high rate of speed, no one
was seriously Injured.
Many were bruised more or less, and inmost
cases these were persons who attempted to jump off
at the instant of approach.
Botli tiaius were behind time. — Ch. Cour.
Long Sentence. —Tlm#ourt of Common Pleas
®f Adams county, Ohio, concluded the trial of a man
named Milligan for the murder of an old man named
Senter and his wife, on Saturday week, by sen
fencing the culprit to ninety-nine years imprison
ment. The May avi lie (Ky.) Eagle states that so
great was the popular feeling in regard to the case
that even after this severe sentence the prisoner
had to be smuggled to a Kentucky jail to prevent
his being hung by the inob. The murder was a most
atrocious one, but we fear the proceedings in the
case of the negro the other day mentioned as having
been lynched in the same county were not without
their natural influence in the present instance.—
Andrew Lyons was convicted of manslaughter by
the same court a day or two previous, and was the
companion of Milligan in the precautionary trans
fer. They were subsequently sent to the Ohio Peni
tentiary.
The Relative Rank of States. —The votes
cast at the Presidential election have demonstrated
that several States have changed their position in
the order of population. Illinois, which was less
then Indiana in 1850. now polls a larger vote by
some 8,500. The official vote of the two States is
as follows :
Indiana. Illinois.
Buchanan 118,672 105,344
Fremont 94 376 96,180
Fillmore 22,386 37,451
Total 235,434 238,975
Allowing one vote to every seven inhabitants
which is about theproportipn in the Western States
we have a population of 1,672,825 for Illinois .and
1,048,038 for Indiana. Both States outstrip Vir
ginia, and that State, which was the first in point of
population so late as 1810, the second in 1020, the
third in 1830, the fourth in 1840 and 1850, is now the
sixth. The present order is as follows : New York,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Virginia. We
are not sure that Tennessee also may not have out
stripped Virginia by this time, thus reducing her to
the seventh place in the roll of States. By 1860,
Michigan, Wisconsin, and perhaps one or two others
will be claiming precedence of the Old Dominion.—
Nothville Patriot.
Election of Judges and Solicitors. —The last
Legislature passed the following law, and we call
the people’s attention to it, as it changes the time of
election from October to the first Monday in Janua
ry. The term of most of the present incumbents in
office will not expire till next October, and although
the law is not definite whether the election shall be
in advance of the expiration of their terms or the
January following, we presume the January in ad
vance is intended, otherwise there will be three
months next year, when there will be no presiding
officers. Bear it then in mind, that Judges and So
licitors are to be elected on the first Monday of next
January.— So. Recorder.
“Sec. 1. Be it enacted , 4*c., That from and after
the passage of this act, the regular elections of
Judges of the Superior Courts, Attorney General
and Solicitor Generals shall be held on the first Mon
day in January.
Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws.'’—[See laws of
1855-’6, p. 140.
Fatal Shooting. —A most melancholy difficulty
occurred at Madison Court House, in this State, on
Monday last, between a Mr. Dickson and Messrs.
Morris and Bishop, oil citizens of that place, in
which the two last named gentlemen were fatally
shot! This bloody disaster was the result, as we
are informed, of an old disagreement between
Dickson and Morris. Mr. Bishop became involved
a* the friend of his brother in law, Mr. Morris.—
Florida Jou't nal.
A Debut. —A wealthy and distinguished lady, the
wife of a legal gentleman, riding in her own car
riage and residing in a splennid mansion near the
Fifth Avenue, is, singularly enough, about to step
from private life upon the theatrical boards, and
make her debut as Juliet, in “Romeo and Juliet, *’
at Buffalo, next Monday evening. The lady in
question possesses accomplishments, refinnement,
and has been carefully educated. She has a wealthy
and adoring husband, and is surrounded by all the
delights of domestic life ; but so great is her passion
to appear as a tragic actress, that all other consid
erations have been overcome, and with the consent
of all parties she will make her debut as above
stated.— N. Y. Herald.
The Vote for President.— The returns of the
vote for President as far as received foot up os fol
lows : Buchanan, 1,796,277; Fremont, 1,328,185;
Fillmore, 822,620. The rrturns to oome in will not
materially vary the result. Mr. Buchanan is over
four hundred and sixty-eight thousand ahead of Mr.
Fremont and Mr. Fremont has nearly half a million
votes more than Mr. Fillmore. The combined vote
of Fremont and Fillmore is greater than that of Bu
chanan by 354,528. — Balt. Sun.
New Bedford. —The total valuation of this city,
according to the Standard is $27,027,000; real estate
$9,311,500; personal, $17,715,500. Rate of taxation,
s7.ooper SI,OOO.