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THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
DAILY AND TKI-WEEKLY,
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MONROE
FEMALE UNIVERSITY.
iasa.
I ’OR 7" CJ tiofier thin present organization,
| 4 th ii** l ok loMtitDtion has enjoyed the increa
an'l support of an intelligent public. ltn
;.atrourt are of that clmh who** opinion* on education
‘i.'ht to i b.rumand the bigheHt respect. Thin Institution
rivK (.INKUAL DEPARTMENTS!
I A COLLEGE DEPARTMENT, which embraces
a {mu yearn’ course of dudy, including all the branches
•of ‘*•!■ nee u -canary to make Young Ladles thorough
.! AN AC iOK.MKJ DEPARTMENT, in which pn
• arc properly (.repared for College, and a good basis
/aid lor thorough scholarship.
lit a MI MC DEPARTMENT, with triad teachers,
eotj -tent U give instruction on the Piano Porte, Dili*
tar. Harp, Harm .mom. Violin, Piute, Ac. Advanced
pup , ar.-taught to < inpose Music, if desired. Prof.
n ‘ ANOItNA MENTAL liIiPARTMKNT, in which
rill i, i! are tau i t Painting in Oil and Water Colors, (Jre
,-ian p* ■ Uaf Mooed* ro
ra •< * rawing, Wa* Finland Flower*, Crape Work,
Knjbroids ry. i'aperP over, Rosin Fruit, A c.
V A ’.JOMBB I‘lC DKPAKTM£> TANARUS, in which pupila
arc tau, :b tM elemeniary and Practical Principles 01 Do
Affairs Two hours on every Tuesday, Thurs
day aid aturday will be devoted to this Department.
The time th s employed will not in the least interfere
v .vltb the it rary Department.
Tins i a the ons” Coilege in Oeorgia giving attention to
this ."ost e.s.seu al part of Female Education.
The hoard of instruction are thorough scholars and
experienced teachers, three of whom gr&duat and with
l.ouor at M ore ft Un versity.
A HBNKVOLKNT INSTITUTION
t‘ i*t where the daughter# of Ministers of the Gospel of
moderate means, are educated WITHOUT CHh (IE
p. ‘ll T(’ ITi ’ >N , moreover, worthy indigent orphans
And daughters of needy Minister. will be boarded from
, to :*o ,jftr out !•* i than the usual rates
Pupils arc heir taugi t Economy. Extravagance is
mi allowed. Jewc'r, is rot w rn, A pupil's dressing
tor a year, need not coat more than from S3O to SSO.
HOARD OF TRUBTRKN.
Ri v ADIKL fHIERWOOD, O !>., Griffin, Pre’L
Rev. sYLVANUS LANDRUM. Macon.
Kev I’Ll IA! 1 J PANN’AIe, Louieville.
K v WM C. WILKEN. Forsyth
Hon
n .it jcii.N T. CROWDER. Monroe county.
<>l. JAM K PINCKARD. Forsyth.
r.DKN TAYLOR, Coieparchce.
IH LAIN F PONDER, Esq., Forsyth.
.lost I>H J. CARSON, Esq , Mat on county.
DANIEL SANFORD. Esq., Forsyth, Secretary.
CoK JOHN T. BTKPHENB, Forsyth.
GEO. A. CABANISB, Esq., Treasurer.
FACULTY.
Rf v. WM C. WILKES, A M., President
Prof U T. ASBIIHY, A. M
Xyr.OKO T WILBURN, A M.
i*r. f WM. FISHER, A M.
Vlrs MARY A. WILKES.
Mrs KATE ASBI KY.
Mi l MARY A LAND
Mis JULIA A. STANFORD.
Miss ROUE A CHAPPELL.
1,.s CARRIE E. LAND.
Tuition from sl6 to sf>o per year; Music, 5=50; Board
*lO per month, exclusive of lights and washing.
The Spring Term will begin on the 17th JANUARY.
For farther information, address any member of tbe
Faculty, or Trustees
WILLIAM 0. WILKES, Prcs't.
RICHARD T. AS BURY, Secy.
For ;yth, Ga., Jan Ist, 1858.
one niHii: below tiii
tIi.CII WK S’ IIANK.
I N nir ,1 tiK'k of Denis, bought of the Executor of tlio
I* lul,-'.Mr It V, them r a greet m.ny article,
whii ti are ftUof tin line of business which 2 carry on,
xml which I<l . no! intend to keep in lutare. A more the
ni-tvle? ‘ire the loliowiiiK ■
. A Kill; K viI.KOAD, DEEP WELL AND FOKCE
PUMPS . ..i; N MILLN, STRAW Cl! ("l EK!),
MAM'HE PORKS, CARPENTERS'TOOLS,
i.mOT SAWN KRADS, C. S.
UKICIv and PLASTERING TROW
ELS, DRAWING KNIVES,
FILES, HAM S, ir.
. - lt , r>ll i w ; hiugtohny any of the at-ove mm
line ■ i I p l will we'.! thorn cheaper than ANY
O i l, I K Hot ‘RE in Augusta, and for less than was
~’r ,i„. m | U New York.
’ i' ll .now ii itore a very line and fttllstoekol
llonsek -eoing Hardware, Tin Ware; Cook, Parlor and
Hoavov i - Cisiern.andHydrant Pumps, with Block
‘. i and Galvanise - * jrtm Pipes and a general os
, rt'm’ of every aricle in the House Furnishing line,
and . 1,-ili lie r sulsrly receiving additions to it
m.. t- tends au'l the public are respectfully invited to
v*,. e a ,-all, and satisfy Ihoutsalvea that lam selling
’ .~, VIM V moderate prsilts.
teht! . ,1-itwtf E. J. BHCKMASTI.It
ItKOI’SV CIJIIED!
rii||K undersigned professes to tfure Dropsy of every
I description. He eao be seen personally five miles
*>uth ot’ Uniou Point,or addressed by let er to t'nioo
;• ~,t Ore.-oe county, Oi The medicine can be sent
snrwbere by rai road, with directions for giving it; or I
;vi l attend nen-o-tally, if requested, and paid tor my
l will buy neg oesefflit ted with Drop.y, or
.■tire them, asthe owner may pre or. Item t Die Ten
tollars and t will send medicine enough for oue month.
MILES G. BROOME.
This i-i to certify that mv father bad a negro man at
(Meted with Dropsy in 1853; be bad been treated by
pl:ysio!Hi;s without anv cure, when he applied
u> M. U. Hrtfc ine for his remedy, which cured him. He
is still Itv nc and in good health.
11. Champion,
GreeiKwboro', Ua , Jan.2lst, 1858.
T:.t * i • to certify that I had a negro woman badly al
d'.c'to i with Dropsy for a considerable time. She was
attended by several physicians , they faded to make .
cue I heard of UJ. Broome, and put her under his
ireat’jvnt. and iu less than a year she was thoroughly
cured of Dropsy. James DavanT
IVtideld ii* rahd wtf
iB REWARD!
IMIU th apprehtnaion of my Boy WASHINGTON.
w h ranaway about the 25th of March last. Said
Bov I- about 4t> years of a*e, and a mulatto; is qtrte
i:ray-headed; the ama.l finger and the one next to it
has'been cut off— thought to boot the l*lt band . is a
sho.maker by tr*d- . and is very alow of speech when
, o .en to It is thought that be has a tree pass, and is
try me to ui W• h > way to the free State*. The above
reward w ill tc given forth*’ apprehension, with proof to
, ,'iivict :i . white person of having tumFhed him with
fro ppe ■<’ ora reasonable© napensatlon will b*i ul i**r
.Y v v o the subscriber, er lodged in aav jait Ao
..hat igt i Irui ISAAC RAM> FY.
IVl.unbia County, Ga., April 14 1858 aplo
< LOOK HERE.
Farmers, Plasters and Keepers of
HORSES.
Keep youi Hoises in Good Condition.. ’
IILIMTISILS
Mill VEGETABLE USE PBIBEI
r Flit: . x'.r ‘ i nary virtue* of the celebrated OER
| man HOUSE I*o WDER. arc attested by thousands
who hav* .. . I t It is composed of Vegetable Roots
Jlud Herb atid is highly recommended for the cure and
prevent uof all those disease* to which that animal—the
R . r>v —is ibiect: a* Distemper, Hide bound, Drowsi-
Qes-s L . sos Appetite. Inward Sprains, Yellow Water,
Fatigue rom hart! exerc.se or work, lndainmation of the
Kyes Debii-.ty, Waiting of Flesh, Ac, ltcarriesoff a’.l
ctos* humors, prevents horse* from becoming stiff or
foundered, pur .ties and cools the blood, and improves
their general condition The constantly lucreasirg de
mand for this celebrated HORSK MEDICINE la one
iff tfco e uac; takeable proofs of its worth. In case* ot
Hide-bound, L >* of Appetite, Drowsiness. Fatigue,
D -temper. ludauimatron of the Eyes. It improve* the
condition off the Skin . imparts a* fine glossy coat of
llair ;iti* a universal Condition Powder Farmer* and
Planters should not be without this valuable Powder.
For sale, wholesale and retail, by
FIBHER A HEINITBH.
Columbia, S. C.,
‘ b> PLUMB & LEITNER,
wh oles*!# end K< t*il Dreggista, Augusts, Gs.
BANKS’ BANKS! LANDi LANDS!!
, I.A KtiK i-uantity of thebest 1 entingadFstk
A lug LANDS n soutfcera Georgia tnd eisewhere.is
‘tracts ot 250 10 2,utK) acres to suit i rcLasers Also
rn to dt'.een leagues of select Texas 1 j ads, with clear
it ies S ii-.w offering at very low rales at the the Georgia
Laud Office, iu Angustx.
Bii is of •he Augusta, Savannah, Athens, ttl the
Charleston and Tiat.tburg suspended Barks, w.l beta
a. a m payment at par va’ue. Negroes wit’ be taken al
eo. and the i ch,-- -. ca.L prices allowed.
Persons desirous of forming s etticatents. or making
safe investments, will find rt to their interest to call at
our Office, W arren Kange. Augusta, Ga.
JAMES M DAVISON,
Land Agent and Beal Estate Broker.
eetlT-dlwtwtf
VERY BODY who likes good Hor.-e*. good Cattle
j or x.d Sheep, should lake the AMERICAN
STOCK JOURNAL, published monthly at HO Fulteu
Street, New-York, at SI per year. Specimen copies
grans —seed and get one. febo-wtf
fckfe&fcfchfcfefe
FOR SALE.
r- A ACRES Pine LAND. lying each side of the
( ,iU Georgia Railroad, wo tailea above Berxelia
150 acres of wbnh are in cultivation, the remainder well
timbered. There is on the place a good Dwelling and
outbuildings and a splendid Well of water. 1 have so
Cattle, Horses Mules, Hogs and Plantation Tools wnich
| will sell with the place. Address
H. A- Mir *i,
ian26-wtf Berzelia, Columbia coo a .j, Ga.
C|ronidt k
SPEECH OF HON. WAI. t'. HIVES.
Report of a speech delivered by the Hon. ff*
C. Bites, of Virginia, in Richmond, on the Ud day
of May i
Mr Rives began by remarking thet the habitsand
pursuits of his life for many years past bad removed
him en'ireiy from scene# of political excitement I
have no desire, be said, again to entfege in them.
While I had a pnbiic du’y to perform 1 endeavored
to diet- arge it nonestiy, fatthiuhy. and to the best
of my ability, more anxious to serve than merely to
p.es/e m, cooefaente. C'nerishint; with emceritv
the principles I brought with me into public life, I
oottid not. as an honest man, change them at the
bidding of party. My services were no longer
acceptable, and I have since lived a private citizen,
contented and happy, with no complaints or regrets
in the past—no a-pirations in the future.
But, fsiiow citixei.s, I should be sorry to say that
I have kved an unconcerned spectator of public
events. In a free coui. ry every citizen, the bum
blest and most obscure, as well as the highest, has
a patriotic duty to perform in watching over and
detending, according to ts opportunities, tbe pre
cious deposit of the public liberties. Candor com
pels me to declare that, from time to time, I have
seen touch cause for patriotic anxiety, but never
so much as at the present moment.
It is this conviction which has induced me —I
may say constrained me —not without many strug
gles against tbe force ot habit and that love of re
tir -z-Mcb grows stronger by every day’s in
dulgence, to appear before you, in obedience to tbe
da’ taring cal! that has been made upon me. I know
bow incapable I am of adding, by anything I can
say, to the force of the many abie and eloquent
appeals that have been aire.dy addressed to the
intelligence and manliness of the country ; but,
powerless as my voice is, I feel that I should be
recreant to the duty of a good citizen if I .were not
to raise it in such a cause, while there may be one
of my countrymen willing to listen to me
1 do not appear before you to plead for the tri
umph of a party. No, fellow-citizens ; it is a far
higher cause which now demands the exertions of us
all. A bold and unblushing corruption has invaded
every departmeu of our National Administration,
which, if not promptly and vigorously checked by
the gov* reign rebuke of the people, must soon en
gulph the public liberty, as it is rapidly undermin
ioF tbe public morale.
Tbe wisdom aod valor of ouranceetori* bequeata
ed to U 8 noble free insututioue, which were in
tended to place the pub.ic liberty securely under
the K urc l ial,e hip of the public virtue. It id these
noble inutitutiontt which daxiDff official abuses, em
boldened by impunity, which now pervert to the
destruction of Liberty, by uudem-inin# every gua
rantee provided for its security—even the virtue
and patriotism of the people themselves. Shall we
not, then, rally to their defence, one and all of ua ?
Shall we told that th-a a the cause of a party ?
Believe me, fellow-citizeua, it is the vital cause ot
constitutional freedom—tbe common cause of every
American citizen, Democrat, Whig, or by what
ever party denomination be may have been hitherto
known, who values his birthright, and is manfully
determined to defend it.
That I have presented to you no exaggerated
pi* ture of our public situation is unfortunately too
well established by lacle, now of universal noto
riety. Revelations brought out during the late
session of Congress have placed them before the
public in a form not to be questioned.
Look at the report upon public printing, and you
witi Lte there how elaborately and ingeniously, in
that large department of the public expenditure, cor
ruption has been organized into a system to multi
ply bribes to the employees and supporters of the
Government. Every contract, whether for paper,
for printing, for lithographing, for engraving, has
been so managed as not only to yield a rich Harvest
to the contract or himsell, but. to the officer of the
Government who awards the contract, and to the
intermediate agents employed as brokers to pro
cure it. Thus is a single job made, by its ramid
cations, to enlist and remunerate a dozen or more
polit eal retainers, at an enormous cost to the
Treasury ; lor the pi ices allowed to the contrac
tor must be correspondingly high, to enable him
to pay the customary tiibutes to his patrons and
associates.
And this rank t*cene of corruption has been pas
sing under tbe very noise of the Government in
the city of Washington. One ot these leviers of
black maxi , one who received the modest sum of
lor his good-will and patronage in the t-ale
and brokerage of public eoutracta, was but tne
other day owner and conductor of the official organ
of the Government, and is even now, we are told,
public printer in fact, though uo L in name.
Look now at the huge report made upon the ope
rations in tbe navy yards of Philadelphia and
Brooklyn—a document gigantic m its proportions,
but yet more gigantic and startling in the official
iniquities it reveals. I have neither the lime nor
the patience to enter into the disgusting details of
these revelations. But one glaring and monstrous
fact appears from them all—the systematic empioy^■
merit of contracts tor every variety of work and
materials in both of these vast establishments, and
that with the direct approbation of the Government
itself, to reward partisan services, and to debauch
the suffrages of the people.
There you will ace contracts involving large
amounts of the public money, directed by the Go
vernment to he given, in open violation of law, to
the highest instead ot the lowest bidder, from the
sole consideration of the number of subsidized vo
ters in the employment of the preferred party,
whoee suffrages were re quired in the critical mo
ment of a contested election. So minutely and
systematically was this policy carried out in one of
those establishments (Brooklyn) that Democratic
members of Congress representing the adjoining
districts were formally constituted by the Govern
ment its authorized agents for making an equitable
division of the public spoile among its supporters,
and in this manner the yard was tilled to the number
several thousand with worthless and incompetent
men. whose only claim to employment was founded
on political service, and among whom in the lan
guage ot the report, “idleness, theft, insubordina
tion, fraud, and goss neglect of duty prevailed to
an alarming extent.”
The developments made present the Government
as moving in a constant circle of corruption. First,
the Govei nmeut, with the public money, corrupts
the contractors and their employees to vote for
members of Congress ; then the contractors corrupt
the members of Congress, with a stipulated per
centage, to procure them other contracts; and,
finally, the members of Congress, by one spec ies of
influence or other, corrupt the Government to be
stow the contracts which they had stipulated to
obtain.
Hat, fellow-citizens, I camiot follow out these
revolting details; there they are upon record, where
you OAii examine them and ponder
on the mournful degeneracy of the public morals
they di.'-close, and upon your solemn duty, as men
and ‘•<>•*. to rebuke aud correct the evil. 1
havt reteired to these things with the deepest
humiliation iif au American citizen I sincerely
wish tovthe honor of rry country that they could
be shown to He party libels ; but. unfortunately, the
facta are too notorious, the knowledge of them is
too wide-spread and universal to admit either cf
denial or suppression.
The whole air is tilled with ihem > they are pro
pagated on the winds to the corners of the earth.
What has made Washington, a* the central neat of
the Government, the public offices, Congress itself,
a by word and reproach with the yet uneontainiua
ted mass ot the people but the belie! that corrup
tion testers there, and is thence diffused like a
subtle poison through every branch of the public
Administration depending upon it ? Have not
Senators of the dominant party, elevat and by their
chamber a* well as their position, openly proclaim
ed in the Senate chamber their eoleuui convictiou
that the Government of the United States, of which
they form a part, “is the most corrupt now existing
on the habitable globe ?”
The time w come, then, when patriots an t good
men of all political denominations must seriously
reflect upon the duties which they owe to their
country, irrespective of mere party considei ations
It we mean to preserve the noble heritage of free
dom which our ancestors have transmitted to us,
now is the time to make the effort. Public morality
is the only basis on which tree institutions can stand.
If that is once sapped, the edifice itself must crum
ble to the ground.
1 have not been au inattentive observer, fellow
cjtizeus, of what has passed in other countries, as
v dl ae our owu, during the eventful epoch in * hich
we live. I have witnessed the downfall of an an
eieut monarchy in Europe. 1 have seen a consti
tutlcnal representative Government established
upon lu ruins; and in eighteen short years I have
seen that Government subverted by a revolution, to
make way, after a brief and convulsive period of
anarchy, tor a military despotism.
What occasioned the premature downfall of the
Representative Government ot France ? It was
political corruption undermining it at its 1 ase.—
Louis Philippe and his Ministers, iuatead of resti. g
ou the Virture and intelligence of the country for
support, sought to rule it by au open and shame
less system of corruption. Ibe elective tranchise
being coiliiued to a comparatively small portion of
the uatiou. aud that fraction Heine itself corrupted
by the Government, the mass of the people could
right themselvesouly by revolution; and the Gog
eminent fell.
It ; s a remarkable instance of the certainty with
which effects to!low their causes in the politics
world, that M de Tocqueville one of the most pro
found political philosopners iu tins or any otuer age.
aimouncea t* om b s place in the Uhamber ot liupu
ties. while all e sure and stable iu the eyes of
the Government, mat D'e country was sleepiug
upon a volcano, and that a revolution was at hand.
Aud what was the ground of his prediction ? There
had then been ■ o popular tumults, no public disor
ders He pointed alone to the depravation of the
public morals by the mat-practices of the Govern
ment—to ’ire system of political corruption it had
introdaoed, and on which it relied—as the fatal
cause whio. must inevitably biing on a national
catastrophe
Now, fellow-citizens, I take upon myseit, with
some knowleuge of facta hi both countries, tisay
that, great as were the abuses then committed by
the Government of France, they were la no respect
greater than those which are this day revealed to
us as habitually, systematically practised by our
own Government. Fortunately for us our political
institutions have, iu the general right ot sutlrage,
furnished the people of America with an efficient
instrument for the peacen iks correction ot these
abuses, if they choose to make use ot it. This grea.
right Mr Jefferson has emphatically told us. is the
appropriate and “peaceable corrective of abuses,
which in other countries are lopped by the sword
of revolution. Bat if the people, euslaved by their
party leaders, will not apply the corrective, it is
the same thing as if they had it not ; and we must
then, like other nations, run the risk of violent re*
notions and revolutions. of which few can foresee
the issue, when they are once entered upon.
We have had impressive admonitions that these
are not mere visionary speculations, even in this
land of toe largest liberty. What ,‘:sve already
been the results of the heedless exercise ox us the
party enslavement of the right of suffrage in the
hands of certain portions of the American people ?
Have w* not seen vigilance committees forcibly
superseding in several large communities munici
pal governments that sprang irom tne forms cf
popular election, hut whose abases and corruptions
were so great that the most virtuous and in gen
eral peace-loving oitixensioo operated in their over
throw , and even those who gave existence to them
by tbeir suffrages looked on and rejoiced in their
downfail.
And what is this but revolution ? Ana may not
what has occurred in your cities occur, in process
of time, on the theatre of the nation, if such enor
mous govennental abuses as I have exposed to you
this day be permitted to go on. not only uncorrecied.
bat accumu ating. and acquiring a more daring
boldness by impunity t Leave not, 1 beseech you,
fellow-citizens, this dear native land of ours to the
cruel alternative of a tame surrender of its liberties,
or of a tcarhii resort to a revolutionary vigilance
committee taking possession oi the Government at
Washington.
N'o. fell w-citizens let us organise our legal eon
sri'a ionai, saiu'ary vigilance committees at the
Le’ ns throw off the dtbasing shackles of
j ..!••, tn: .d*--tn, and assert the majesty and sover
[,g. . ot ihe popular wBL Let us reeolve by the
potent voice of oar suffrages to exclude from the
high places of the Government those, whether indi
victuals or parties, who have in any manner sanc
tioned participated in, or been accessory to the
gress and daring abuses which dishonor thecountry,
while they imperil its liberties.
I know'there are many of my Democratic tnends
who loathe and deteet these official iniquities as I
do. 1 say to them, then, respectfully but earnestly
—do not make voureeives responsible for and ac
ceeeory to such abuses, by giving your oonlidence
and support to those who practice them, btand up
in the virtue and manliness of your own freedom
Yon are tbe rightful masters. Do not consent to
wear th® tarnished and dishonored livery of your ser
vacts. You ow eno allegiance but to your country;
and she now calls upon you to perform your duty,
yi ur whole duty to her, learlesely as patriots, con
scientiously as men.
D is the fatal doctrine of passive party obedience
and non-resistance—a doctrine bo long and success
fully inculcated by Jhe party in p*'wer—that has
brought the affairs of our country into their present
deplorable condition. They have assiduously taught
that the first and indeed only duty of every man. in
the exercise of his civil ar.d political functions, is to
toliow and obt-y his party leaders; that the pre
dominance of his party, under all circumstances, and
whatever be the CGnaequeucee to hie country, is the
one paramount and absorbing object which should
engsge all his zeal, to tbe cieregard of every dictate
of conscience and of every call of patriotism.
This mercenary and slavish doctrine has been en
forced by tbe terrors of excommunication on tbe
oue hand—by the lavish promises of reward on the
other. “To the victor belong the spoils of victo
ry,” i-* the motto emblazoned on their standard.
Ihe offices, the employments of the government,
are no longer, in their eyes, public trusts, to be
conferred feLd adm nistered for the public good ;
but of every grade and description, from the highest
to the lowest, they are tne legitimate booty of a
conquering party, to be dealt out in largesses and
rewards to its followers. Through jobs, through
contract*', through the prodigal and unscrupulous
expenditure of the public money, upon every poesi
tie pretext, the Treasury is delivered up to pillage,
to stimuiate the activity ana ;eed the cupidity of
partisan hordes.
Tne startling abuses which have been recently
brought *o light in the various branches of the pub
lic administration are not accidental, or occasional,
cr simply personal. Taey are the necessary, logi
cal, inevitable results of the system of political mo
rality embraced, and indeed professed, by the par
ty in power. If tbe government is to be adminis
tered solely for the benefit and selfish interests of a
party, then, fellow citizens, your rulers have not
been unfaithful to their creed.
And who, permit me to ask, according to this
modern system of political tactics, constitute the
party ? Are they the rank and file—the great
body of worthy and respectable citizens who do
tte voting—that constitute the party in a practical
sense ? No, fellow-citizens ; we all know, and 1
am sure ihat many of my Democratic iriends will
sustain me in what I say, it is a few adroit political
manager , who, lor the most part, make a trade of
politics, that constitute the leal party in every
practical, influential sense. It is they that make
the nominations ; they that make the political
iscues ; they that construct the party platforms ;
and the sovereign people, however their consciences
and better feelings may revolt, have no option, un
der this new martial law of party discipline, but to
obey, or to be shot as deserters.
Is this, fellow citizens, the system of government
which our noble aDd free-born ancestors bequeath
ed to us 1 Is this a government of the people ? Is
this a Democracy in the virtuous and honorable
sense in which only a tree and virtuous people
would accept it, or is it rather an oligarchy of the
worst and most degrading character—a eordid oli
garchy of mercenary office holders and office seek
ers ? I have the satisfaction to know that there
are Democrats in Virginia, at least, who repudiate
such a system ; who will not permit themselves to
be manacled with such vile fetters ; who will assert
their privileges as freemen, their dignity as men.
In a free country tlieie will be, thare must be
parties. But to be virtuous and honorable, and to
merit the support of tbe people, they must be
founded on principle, and honestly pursue the pub
lic good as their aim ; not the acquisition of power
for mere selfish and interested ends
See, fellow-citizens, how this natural and legiti
mate constitution of parties has been perverted of
late iu this country by the corrupting influences of
the new system ot political ethics taught and prac
ticed by the party in power. What were the dis
tinguishing principles ot the Democratic party, pro
fessed in the days of its purity by its great founder,
Thomas Jefferson? Simplicity and economy in
the public expense ; a jalous limitation of Execu
tive power; a sacred regard for the freedom of elec
tions ; a stern prohibi ion of all official interference
with them ; peace and honest friendship with all
nations.
With Democratic traditions, and even professions
of simplicity and economy, your two last Adminia
iratiour* have in six years, carried up the annual
expenses ot the Government trom forty to eighty
milltouß of dollars—(l speak and
in round numbers) —Having exhausted a surplus of
twenty <r thirty millions, and now living from hand
to mouth, on the beggarly and ruinous expedients
of loans ; while at the time we have seen De
mocia ic members of Congress, by an act of unpre
cedented cupidity, and in violation of all deceLcy,
as well as the spirit of the Constitution .doubling their
pay, aud voting the increase into their own poc
kets, by a retrospective provision, and surrounding
themselves, at an enormous waste ot the public
treasure, wit ii luxurious accommodations and ex
travagaiit allowances, that put to shame all we
read of oriental magnificence aud self indulgence.
Wit., like professions of Democratic jealousy of
Executive power, your President modestly calls
upon the Representatives of the people to transfer
to him the power of peace and war; to give
him, iu effect, the sole ticaty making power ; to
place millions ot the public money at Die discre
tion ; and to invtst dim with miliiary protectorates
over foreign States. With the same professed al
legiance to Democratic principles, he tramples un
der foot the sacred regard inculcated by the foun
der of the Democratic party for the treedom of
elections, and brings the whole patronage and in
lluence of bis high office to control elections in the
States, trom the humblest representative trust to
that of Senator of the United States. Succeeding
to the Democratic maxim of peace aud honest
friendship with all nations, he threatens all by bel
licose denunciations, in order to keep up the llag
giug spirit of parly devotion by faclitous appeals to
national pride and honor.
Can such a party as this be said to be founded
upon any public principle ? If it is, it is upon prin
ciples directly the reverse of those which were
taught by the author and acknowledged oracle of
the Democratic faith—which gave that great man
the confidence and support ot tiie people—and which
originally established the ascendency of the party in
the councils of the nation. Will the intelligent aud
patriotic people of this country permit themselves
to be duped by a mere name, seductive as it may
be, when every principle which belongs to it in its
proper interpretation, and in its ancient and honor
able traditions, is openly renounced aud disregard
ed by those who now a?eume it ?
But I may go further, and ask if there is a single
principle of any sort held in common by the mem
hers ol tbe now dominant, party 1 The favorite and
prominent measures of the present Administration
are the ♦ hirty million Cuba appropriation; the trans
fer of the war making pow’er ; the Mexican protec
torate ; the Rdcitic railroad; a protective tariff; and,
until lately, the Lecompton constitution, la there
any union ot opinion in the party upon a single one
of these measures ? No fellow-citizens, there is
division and dissension upon all of them; flagrant
intestine war upon some ; aud upon others, it is hard
to decide whetuer a majority of the party agree with
or differ from their President and chief in the meas
ures recommended by him.
But still with rare exceptions, they adhere to aud
sustaiu him. Aa the living representative and em
bodiment of the party, he is to be supported at all
hazards. The political ascendency of the party —
the power of disposing of the offices, employments,
emoiumeuts, solid personal benefits of the Govern
ment:—-is not to be jeoparded by indiscreet scruples
about matters of so little comparative importance as
principles and the general interests of the country.
Such, fellow citizens, are the results of the modern
system of party discipline—of the code of political
morals inculcated by the party in power. What is it
but to proclaim by their own act tbejustioo of the
sentence pronounced years ago by a distinguished
statesman of South Carolina : “that they are held
together only by a cohesive power of public plun
der ?”
One of the chief arts by which this party lias so
long held possession of the Government, to the se
rious injury cf’ the country and in spite of tbe rep
robation of tlieir measures by a large and unques
tionable majority of the people of the United States,
is the fabrication of sectional issues and the fo
mentation of sectional jealousies to divide the
country, and thereby to prevent numerous masses
of virtuous and honorable men in both sections,
who cordially agree in detestation of their practices,
from uniting in any efficient cooperation to displace
them from power. The great instrument of popular
delusion which they wield for this purpose, aud to
which alone they owe their unnatural foothold in the
South, is the incessant and pernicious agitation of
questions connected with slavery.
They put themselves forward as the special and
exclusive friends of the rights of the slaveholding
States. They offieiouaiy volunteer to make political
issttea for the South; aud when, by means ot these
factitious issues, they have imtiamed the South, and
secured her votes, a part of them equivocate about
the meaning aud import of their pledges, and others
betray her into salsa and untenable positions, where
she is doomed to humiliating defeat, and where,
worse than all, she is shorn of that which has hither
to constituted her chief ana in itself invincible
strength—the prestige cf a character for high moral
principle that would disdain communion with iraud,
unfairness or indirection of any sort. Let the late
Democratic eclaircissement in the Senate of the
United States on the true meaning and import of
the Rauaas Jiebraska bill—let the humiliating histo
ry and sequel of the Lecompton constitution md
of the English btli—say ht;w tqr this representation
is justified by facts.
No, fellow-citizen?, never should the South con
sent to barter her principles and honor for sne'n
miserable, such delusive support as this. She has
never gained anything, she never can gain any
thing by unhallowed political bargains. Have we
so soon forgotten that he who obtained her votes
for the Presidency as “ the Northern man with
Southern principles “ was atterwards the head and
Presidential candidate of the freesoil perty 1 Her
rights have a far better and higher guarantee than
any political combination can give. They are
written in the Constitution of the country. There,
they are impregnable. Let ns disdain to hold them
by any lower tenure.
Political agitation can do them nothing bat harm.
They are uuaer the sacred guardianship of a tri
bunal instituted for ihe defence of constitutional
rights —a tribunal which no political agitation can
reach. That tribunal, in the serene and undisturb
ed exercise of its lofty fonctidSjs, has covered them
with the panoply of the national justice. On each
successive question involving the rights of the
Southern Stales, as they have arisen, upon the con
stitutional obligation and validity of the fugitive
act, upon the right of transfer from one State to
another tree from the control which had been claim
ed under the p ‘wer of regulating commerce among
the States, upon the limits of Congressional power
with regard to the common territories of the Union
—on aii these questions the supreme judicial tri
bunal of the United States has. by its solemn and
irreversible judgments, surrounded the rights and
institutions of the South in the only points in which
they have ever been supposed to be open to inva
iou with an impassable wail of defence.
He who would, under these circumstances,J in
duige any serious apprehension of encroachment,
eithsr from Congress or the other State#, on the
righ sand institution* of the South, must be a very
credulous or a very t.uud man Sacha man. as
Dr. J ohnsou said of the no-popery alarmist in his
day. would have been apt to cry ’'nre ’ in the
must ot the universal deiuge. I trust fellow citi
xens, there is no -on of Virginia who would go
iariher in delence of the constitut’onai rights of the
South in case of any real danger than I would ;
but. as 1 cherish her honor, as 1 value her rights, 1
loathe and deprecate al! sun mated panics to “fright
her trom her propriety/’ to seduce her from her an
cient loyalty to the cause of pure and uncorrupt go
vernment. and to enlist her ia the obedient sen *ce
of a party that would practise upon her fears only to
betray her principles and interests.
Feuow citizens, there is one real, one pressing,
one overshadowing and imminent danger which
thisatens the whole country. It is the danger lo
the public liberty, to pai,fie morals, to our free in
stitutions themse.ves. from the wiae-epread corrup
tion and abuses which have invaded every depart
ment of our National Administration. To reform
tlitse abuses, to purity the Government from its
poison, to bring it back to ia accountability to
the people, to replace the public liberty upon the
firm pedestal o: the public morals, to “drive the
money changers from the templethis is a high
aud holy work of patriotism, which demands the
united best exertions of all for the honor arid inter
est of !!■
It is the common cause of good men and patriot*
every where —in the North, the Sopth, the East, the
West Shall we permit ourseiv es to be diverted
from so vital and exigent a work as this by the
state device of the acvereary in attempting to eow
divisions among the friends of honest responsible
government, by the revival of extinct and peetilent
sectional issues for which there is no existing foun-
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 18, 1859.
dation—by the absurd cry of fire! iu the midst of the
deluge of corruption which overwhelms the land ?
We have recently heard a moat honorable and
truthful voice from the North,* speaking in the
name of a numerous, enlightened, and patriotic
body of oar fellow-citizens there, declaring their
willingness and earnest desire to sink, hencefor
ward and forever, these mischievous and dangerous
issues in our national politic. From opportunities
of information, which a late visit of a wholly private
character to that portion of the Union afforded me,
I eiDcerely believe that thiß is the unequivocal, the
deeply felt sentiment of a large majority of our
fellow citizens in tbe entire Ncrth. Shall we not
accept this peace-offeriDg, and be willing with them
to consign to the tomb of the Capulete—a tomb,
alas ! that already contains so many victims vt
unnatural strife—an ill-omened controversy, which,
by the impunity it has hitherto ensured to uuexam
pled official abuses, has brought mto the extremes!
peril those glorious institutions which the wisdom
aud valor of Northern and Southern men united in
establishing, and which their descendants are alike
interested in defending and perpetuating ?
At ail events, fellow-citizene, you are engaged in
a noble effort to vindicate the honor and liberties of
your country. It is an effort worthy of the ancient
fame of Virginia—of the best days of her patriotism
and renown The spirits of her great men, who
consecrated their lives to the cause of constitutional
freedom, look down with approving smiles upon
your struggle. There can be no purer, no higher
glory than to be the saviour.', or else the martyrs,
of the public liberty.
‘Gov Hunt, of New York.
The War Question in Europe—The Wrong*
of Italy#
According to the telegraphic summary of the
European news by the Niagara, it is almost certain
that the war cl ud which has been gathering for
the last three months between the RLune and the
Adriatic has already burst, and that the French
hosts mustered between Lyons and ;he Mediter
ranean, and the Sardinian patriots, who have been
long straining in toe leash between the Alps and
Genoa, on the one hand, and the Austrian legions
w-hich swarm between the Ticino and Venice, on
the other, have entered the arena and met the tirst
shock of battle. There is little or no reason to hope
that Sardinia has assented to the peremptory ulti
matum of Austria, or that the latter power has
abated her preteusions, or yielded to the pacific
counsels of Great Britain. It is far more probable
that the cabinet of Turin, sustained by that of
Paris, has refused the Austrian proposal, and that
the Austrian troops have, long ere this, crossed the
Ticino. If this be so, a war has commenced in
Europe of which no one can predict the termination
or the consequences.
The primary cause of this fearful conflict is the
condition of the Italian peninsula. At the Congress
of Pari, in 1856, the Sardinian plenipotentiaries, the
Count de Cavour and the Marquis de Vallamarina,
submitted a memorial to the assembled reprtseu
tivea of the Great Powera, in which they set forth
with precision and truthfulness, tbe evils u:.der
which Italy was suffering from foreign despotism,
ecclesiastical thraldom, and the tyranny of domes
tic rulers. The oppressive nature of Austrian dom
ination in the Austro Italian States, and of the Aus
trian military occupation of the States of tbe Church,
and the DuU'hies of Tuscany, Parina and Modena;
the deplorable condition of the Papal dominions;
the galling tyranny of the Papal rule; the incapa
city of the priestLood to administer the Govern
ment, and the fact that by foreign military repres
sion alone does the successor of Sf. Peter maintain
himself on his temporal throne; the excesses and
atrocities of the King of Naples; and the deep
rooted hatred of the entire Italian population
agaimt their foreign and domestic oppressors, were
severally dwell on, and detailed with a truthful
severity which might well have arrested the atten
tion aud earnest consideration of the governments
of Europe. These distinguished Sardinian btates
men exposed at the same time, the immediate dan
ger winch threatened their own country from the
irreconcilable antagonism that existed between the
constitutional and parliamentary freedom of Sar
dinia and the military dsepotism, religious tyranny,
crushing taxation, and wasting conscriptions of
Austria, and they asked the Great Powers of Eu
rope, in the interests of peace, civilization, and hu
man progress, to insist on the adoption of some re
forma by which a certain measure of justice and
g >od government should be granted to tbe Italian
people, which would enable them peaceably to work
out their own regeneration, and obtain that moder
ate amount of social and political liberty for which
they had eo long prayed in vain.
Whether it was that the Europe in powers con
sidered the subject one which involved difficulties
too great for diplomacy to surmount, or that they
did not acknowledge the accuracy of the Sardinian
memorial or admit the justice of its prayer, nothing
was done, aud the'evils of which Count de Cnvour
complained iu 1856 exist to day, not only unredress
ed or unmitigated, but embittered and intensified
by time The Italian despots have increased gather
than diminished the pressure of their government,
and the number of their soldiers and their spies is
now greater than at any former period.
As might bo expected, Sardinia was, and is, the
especial object of thtir detestation. They see there
the establishment ot a government based on con
stitutional liberty and representative institutions
working with equal benefit to the ruler aud the
ruled. They see there that the spiritual despotism
of the prießt has been broken down, aud that tbe
people, unlike their own discontented, disaffected
Bubjects, are contented, loyal, prosperous, enlight
ened and happy. The contrast between free Sar
dinia aud their own dominions is painful to them,
not only because it serves to rally the entire Italian
population round Sardinia, as to the champion of
Italian independence, but because it affords to the
world the most convincing refutation of the as
sumption that the Italians are unfit for freedom.
The tact that the Sardinians have planted the flag
of liberty on the soil which has been during long
years devoted to despotism, and that the oppressed
and the outraged of thsir kindred have rallied round
that standard aa the sign by which they hope to
conquer independence, is sufficient cause to make
Austrian statesmen denounce Sa dinia as the enemy
of social order, aud declare that her free institu
tions are destructive of her safety and tranquility.
Constitutional Sardinia, with her civil and religious
liberty, free press, aud popular representation, can
not be other than the embodiment of political and
religious heresies to despotic, military Austria; and
thus the freedom of the former is incompatible with
the “paternal government” which the latter exer
cises directly at Milan, and indirectly at Florence,
Rome, and Naples. The conflict between the two
systems is deadly, and hence the collision which we
fear has already taken place, and from which such
incalculable disasters will result to Europe.
Whether Sardinia has acted rashly and indiscreet
ly, or been actuated by ambitious and selfish mo
tives, in precipitating ihe battle; whether France,
for sinister and interested purposes, has encouraged
the dissension and fanned the flame of discord; and
whether Austria was or w T as not justified by strict
law and the dictates cf self-preservation in availing
herself of the advantages ot her position, and de
claring war at once, when she found that the con
flict was ineyitaole, are questions which we pro
pose to discuss at an early day. We have confined
ourselves iu this article to an exposition of the
grounds of quarrel between Austria aud Sardinia.
To a matter which so deeply affects the interests of
Europe the people of the Uhited States caauot be
indifferent. — Washington Constitution.
From Los Angeles Vineyard , April 12.
Fight with the Mohave Indian*.
The letter of Mr. Bishop to the commanding offi
cer at Cuchana Valley, which we publish to day, is
of deep interest. His position at the date of his let
ter was compaiatively secure. Pah Utah Creek is
about thirty miles from the Colorado river.
Pab, Utah Creek, Cal., March 24,
To Colonel Hoffman , or Captain Burton , or the
Commanding Officer present at the Cuchana
Valley:
Gentlemen :—On my way to meet Lieutenant E.
F. Beal, with supplies, agreeable to his official di
rections, and to assist him in workiug t!#e road, I
arrived at or Dear the Colorado river oulhel ( Jth
inat., when I was met by six or seven hundred In
dians, claiming to be Mohaves, Pah Utahs and Yu
mas, armed with bows and arrows, and a club in
their hands, who forbid our further advance, I
handed my rifle and pistols to one of my men, and
made eigns to one of the chiefs to lay aside his arms
and meet me, as I wished to have talked with him,
which he did.
Iu as few words as possible, I explained to him
the object of my expedition, and that I wished to
pass peaceably through his country. He then gave
his consent that I might ao so, but wanted me to
give his people some tobacco. I ordered about
one hundred pounds of tobacco, which I had inten
ded for them, to be brought out and divided
amonget them. I also gave a shirt to each of the
chiefs. We then drove to the lake and encamped
for the night. BeiDg acquainted with the treachery
of these Indians, I was not fully satisfied that all
was right.
Early iu the morning of the 20th, we hitched up
our teams, and finding an Indian that offered to
guide us to Beale’s crossing, we started to cross the
liver without further delay. marching to the
river, we launched our boa:, and stretched a rope
from one shore to the other, and as we were in the
act of croscing a part of the men, I was told that it
was the order of the chief that I should not cross
the river unless I gave a shirt to every man of his
tribe, as well as to each Indian there assembled.—
This was impoasibl , even if we had given up those
of every man iu the company, had our disposition
been to comply with the demand. I told them that
I aeked of them no more than what was right, and
that I would not submit to anything that was
wrong.
As there was assembled at least four hundred In
dians on the opposite bank of the river to prevent
our crossing, unless the demand for the shirts was
complied with, I gave instructions to have the rope
cast loose from the other bank of the river. Messrs.
Akerd and Pool were sent to the other aide for that
purpose, and while in the act of untying the rope,
the Indians began shooting at them with arrows’
They escaped unharmed; but the India rubber boat
was pierced in many places, so as to be nearly filed
with water by the time they reached this side of the
river. At the time they commenced shooting on
th 9 opposite side of the river, Dy means of a signal
mace by the Indians to communicate the intelli
gence to those on this side, the arrows commenced
pouring forth from the willows in the rear of the
train.
Knowing full well we must fight, I repaired to an
open place, where we could better contend with
such a superior force. On reaching the lake where
we had encamped two days previous, and while in
the act of corralling the w agons, we were greeted
with showers of arrows. I then gave orders to the
men to kill and scalp every one that could be seen.
It was a warm time for about three hours, my men
killing at ieast two Indiana for every three shots
fired, and taking some of their hair. This has de
ter red them from further mole* Ling ua to the pres
sent time, although they are collected in large num
bers on the opposite side of the river, and dare us
to cross.
I have forty men, and as I believe we have
whipped them on this side of the river, I think I
could do the same on the otiiar, were it possible to
cross the stream with all my men. But aa 1 should
De under the necessity of aividing my company, as
well as having the river, which is one-fourth of a
miie in width, to obstruct my movements, I think
it would be dangerous to attempt it without assis
tance. I am satisfied that fifty men would be am
ple, Knowing as I do that I could whip them had I
not the river to Cross. If, therefore, ycu can with
propriety, and in accordance with your duties, or
without transcending your official power, you will
seDd to my assistance a detachment of men. Hoping
to hear from your soon, I am, respectfully, your
obeedient servant, Samuel A. Bishop.
Written in a burry.
gisGULAR Occcrrekce —On Friday last sev
eral persons were engaged in raising a be-i by
means of a windlass the tower of the Catholic
Church at Wheeling, Va. The bell had been raised
almost up to the open space in the cupola. A man
named Thomas Newton, was below, engaged in
guiding the folds of the rope as it wound round the
cylinder, when one of the cogs in the wheels of the
windlass fixture gave way. Another revolution of
the wheel ripped off ail the cogs; the bell fell to
tbe ground, and Newton, who had hold of the lower
end of the rope, was carried up, with frightful ve
locity. a distance of one hundred feet, and about
four feet above the aperture where the Dell was to
have been taken in. and before those engaged in
the work could comprehend what had happened,
Newton, with his hands all lacerated end bleeding,
worked himself down opposite the aperture, called
for help to those within. Bishop \% helen, who was
on the platform in the cupola, reached out at the
risk of his own life, seizing Newton by the waist
pulled him in. The flesh was ail tom from the palms
of his hands, even to the Done.— Bait. Amer.
Lnte and Important from Mexico.
The steamship Coatzacoaicos arrived at New
Orleans on Saturday last, bringing late and impor
tant intelligence from Mexico. A letter from La
Ventosa, the Pacific port of tbe Tehuantepec trar.
sit company, to the New Orleans Picayune , dated
April 29tb, gives the following account of affairs on
the Pacific coa3t :
From Manzauilla comes a well authenticated re
port that the Liberals had given the Church forces
several hard fights in different localities up the
Pacific oast. They (the Liberal?) had taken the
ports of Manzanillo, San Bias, and Maz&Uan. The
town of Colima had also been taken. It is said that
the Liberals showed no mercy to the opposite party,
but shot down every soldier that could be found
These victories place the Liberals in full possession
of the States of Guerrero, Colima, Jalisco, Sinaloa,
Oaxaca, and no doubt the greater portion of Sonora.
Ventosa, Acapulco, and Guay mas were, previous
ts these successes, the only Pacific pons in the pos
session of the Liberais. Acapulco is very strongly
fortified, tbe entire city and barb.r being com
manded by the fort. Colima and Manzanillo are
towns of considerable importance, from the fact of
their being on the rou s e used for the transportation
of spec e for foreign ehipmeut. The news was re
ceived here with great glee, and there U much re
joicing all along the coast.
Gen. Alvarez was at Providencia, and had a
force with him amounting to about one thousand
men. It is rumored that he is rap dly increasing his
forces for the purpose of marching against the city
of Mexico. Gen. Robt. Wheat was expected at
Acapulco. Arms are being received in considerable
quantities from California, for the use of the Libe
rals.
The event which have transpired in the vicinity
of Vera Cruz,. the city of Mexico, &c., since the
last advices, are given by the special correspondent
of the Picayune , as follows r
Vera Cruz, April 29,1859.
The principal military movement io the progress
of the civil war, on this slope, since the Tennessee
sailed, is the advance of Gen Robles Pezuela ou
Jalap a with a detachment of some 1,700 men
These nre the troops left by Miramon at Orizaba
on his departure to the city of Mexico. They be
longed to the celebrated expedition to Vera Cruz.
Taking possession of Jalapa, Geu. Roblea issued an
order prohibiting all communication with Vera
Cruz ou pain of death. So you will see we are en
tirely cut off from the capital by both of the great
roads thither.
Gen. Am podia has also returned from his foolish
pursuit of Miramon, and is now encamped within a
few leagues of Jalapa, with some 2,000 men. YVe
are in daily expectation ot hearing of an engage
meat between him and Robies Pczueia. The re
sult cannot be predicted, but hopes are entertained
of the triumph of the Liberal arms.
Miramon is still at Mexico. Degollado i3 at To
luca, about forty miles to the southwest. He in
tends making Morelia the future basis of his opera
tions against the capital, wh c.l* are to be resumed
with more vigor than ever. II is late reverses are
known to be the result more of accident than the
superior skill or force of the enemy—the sudden ex
plosion of his powder magazine at Tacubaya, which
exploding among several parks of artillery, de
stroyed a vast number of guns and nearly all his
ammunition. Unable, therefore, to follow” up the
successes he had gaioed, he was perforce compelled
to retire. This wa3 done in good order, and with
out loss. His camp outside the walls was broken up
the morning of the 13th. That same night the
whole army encamped, without fear of annoyance,
only ten miles distant from the capital. The next
day he retired to Toluca.
This sums up the war news. The diplomatic
news is more important. Since the departure of
the Tennessee, ou the 22d, two official circular let
ters, touching our relations with Mexico, have been
issued by Ocampo, the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
They are addressed to the Governors of the several
States of the confederacy. The first is a general
exequa er to all American Consuls and Vice Con
suls in the Republic, from which the same has been
withdrawn by the Central Government of Miramon.
The other is a reply to the protest of Miramon’s
Minister of Foreign Affairs,Senor Bonilla, enclosing
a letter from Mr. McLaue, in and fence of the good
faith and consistency of the United States, assailed
by the Central Government iu the protest alluded
to. These documents I enclose herewith.
Tbe British and French fleets, Ur some time now
at Sacniicioa, watching the progress of affairs, are
to sail hence on the 2d inst. X.
Mr* McLaue’s Reply lo ilie Mexican l'rofeac#
U. S. Legation, /
Vera Cruz, April 26,1859. \
Sir—My attention has been called to a publica
tion in one of the newspapers of the city of Mexico,
styled a Protest of the Supreme Government, an i
issued by Mr. Manuel Diez de Bonilla, Minister of
Foreign Affairs in tbe Government of winch Presi
dent Miramon is the Chief Executive, alleging,
1st —That Mr. Forsyth recognised that Govern
ment and endeavored to initiate a negotiation for
the purchase of a considerable portion of the nation
al territory of Mextco.
2 That failing in this endeavor, he sought occa
sions of contests and misunderstanding, aud excited
his countrymen to disobedience, which proceedings
resulted finally iu the suspension of political rela
tions between himself and that Government.
3 That , the Supreme Government tolerated
suoh misconduct, only to make it known to the
Government of the United States, which latter, in
stead of rebuking him, app oved his conduct, and
to make manifest its hostility, and illustrate its dis
loyalty to the Supreme Government, recognized
the Constitutional Government, of which President
Juarez is the chief Executive, aud which it had
had previously rejected, with a view to invest it
with such habiliments of legitimacy and authority
as would enable it, in conjunction with tho Gov
ernment of the Uuited States, to despoil Mexico of
her national territory.
4lt declares void all treaties and agreements
between the Government of the United States and
the Constitutional Government of Mexico.
This is a statement of facts in connection with the
recognition of the Central Government at tbe city
of Mexico by Mr. Forsyth, adroitly associated with
other facts and incidents occurring at a different
epoch of time and under totally different ciroum
stances, with a view to impeach the consistency
and good faith of the Government of the United
States.
When Mr. Forsyth recognized the Government
which he did, President Comonfort had abandoned
the country, and he could not know that President
Juarez had yet organized the Constitutional Gov
ernment; consequently the Government recognized
by Mr. Forsyth was the only de facto Imperial
Government in Mexico at the time, and in recog
nizing it as such, he acted iu conformity with the
well settled practice and policy of the Government
of the United States.
Subsequently, he closed political relations with
that Government —not because he failed, or was
likely to fail, in the negotiations for the purchase of
territory—bu, because of that Government wan
tonly trampling upon all the well established princi
ples of law and comity that regulate the intercourse
of civilized States, aud the Government of the
United States approved this act suspending diplo
matic and political relations with a Government
which adopted such a course.
Still later, when almost the entire Mexican nation
had repudiated the Central Government, and the
Constitutional Government under President Juarez
was fully restored to its functions, and accepted by
more than four fifths of the Republic, through its
special minister in Washington, Senor Mata, it in
vited the Government of the United States to re
open political relations with the Republic of Mex
ico.
The Government of the United States had only
to assure itself that this Constitutional Government
existed in Mexico, with power and authority to ad
just the questions of issue between the two Repub
lics at the time when political relations were sus
pended, and that it was disposed to exercise its pow
er in a loyal and friendly spirit.
The great extent of territory in the Republic of
Mexico, bordering upon that of the Uuited States,
and the very important and intimate relations—po
litical and commercial—that have been established
between the two Republics, by existing treaties,
and the enterprise of the citizens ot both countries,
made it the imperative duty of the Government of
the United States to re-open political relations with
the Republic of Mexico, whenever a just regard to
its own dignity and the laws and usages of nations
would enable it to do so.
Under these circumstance, although a civil war
existed in the Republic ot Mexico, and the Govern
ment of which President Miramon is the Chief
Executive held possession of the capital of the Re
public and two or three of its principal cities, the
Government of the United States could not well
refuse to recognize tbe Constitutional Government
of Mexico as the rightful and de facto authoriiy
with which it was its duty to negotiate in relation to
all imperial question* at iseue between the govern
ments of the two Republics.
h our-fifths of the States constituting the Mexican
Repuolic, and an equally large proportion of its
citizens recognized the authority of the Constitu
tional Government, and repudiated that exercised
by the government in the city of Mexico. All the
eea ports upon the Gulf of Mexico and up* n the
Pacific Qcean, in the Republic of Mexico, at which
Consuls of the United States resided, recognized
the authority of the Constitutional Government,
and all the States of the Republic, contiguous to the
territory of the United States, five or six in number,
as well as tuoee Staten in the South, through which
citizens of the United States are entitled by treaty
to pass with their effects and merchandise, free of
all charge and duty, from tbe Atlantic to the Pa
eific, recognized this same Constitutional Govern
ment, of which President Juarez is the Chief Exe
cutive.
These considerations, of a purely political signifi
cance, without reference to the friendly and loyal
spirit manifested by the Constitutional Government
towards the Government of the United States, con
stitute a sufficient reason why the latter should
accept the overtures tendered by the former through
its epecial Minister, now in Washington, Senor
Mata.
These facts are susceptible of much development
but the simple statement thereof is quite sufficient
to repel the injurious reflections and unfounded
assumptions that are set forth in the protest alrea y
referred to.
In this act of recognition of the Constitutional
Government by that of the United States, nothing
is signified that can properly be regarded as a de
parture from that impartial neutrality which has
always directed the policy of the United States in
relation to the Republic of Mexico, in those civil
wais and contests for the sovereignty of the Re
public which have heretofore afflicted the country;
for, adhough, strictly speaking, it rests with the
nation to determine in whom the legitimate authorr
ty of the country resides, yet foreign States must
of necessity judge for themselves which of the
contending parties or governments they will re
cognize by sending or recei v * Q £ ambassadors, or
whether they will suspend diplomatic relations alto
gether with the nation iD question ; and either al
ternative may be adopted without affording any
just cause of complaint , ,
In reference to the particular case now under
consideration, nothing has yet been done by the
Government of the United States or its representa
tives in Mexico, which denies to the government .n
the city of Mexico of which President Miramon is
the Chief Executive, all its rights as a government
where it exists, whether these be rights of war
against its enemy, or political rights over all thoee
properly subject to its actual authority, wherever
the same may have beec established and all at*
tempts emanating from that government to mis
represent the policy and political action o. the
Government of the United States, must omy tend
to disturb that state of impartial neutrality which it
now occupies.
PrayiDg you to make known m some proper man
ner the i rue state of the facts connected with the
premises, permit me, sir, to renew to your Excel
lency the assurance of my very distinguished con
sideration.
I remain, very respectfully your obedient servant
Robert M. McLaue.
To His Excellency, Melchior Ocampo, Minister of
State, and of the Department of Foreign Affairs,
etc., &cc. y dec., of the Republic of Mexico, Vera
Cruz.
A Woxas Shoots a Lawier i s x.a Ckosse,
Wis.—A Mrs. Bowles a woman at La Croese, Wis.,
has gained a little unenviable notoriety by shooting
a lawyer of that place. It seems that there is a law
suit pending between this Mrs. Bowles fwbo was
formerly the widow of Peter Cameroni and Daniel
Cameron, Jr., involving the tide to considerable
real estate at La Crosse. A few days ago Mr. C.
visited the house of Mrs. B , when an altercation
occurred for the possession of certain papers, where
upon the iady seiied a pistol, and fired twice. The
first discharge entered his pantaloons pocket,
wounding one of his fingers. The second sent a bail
through his coat. Mrs. B. has Been held to answer
a charge of attempt to murder.
TIIE NIAGARA’S MAILS.
We gather from our New York exchanges various
matter? of interest iu the present exciting state of
affairs in Europe :
The Apnroneliinit War.
The English Press generally pronounce? war to
be inevitable. Says the London Times, April ‘-hi:
Good Friday of 18b9 wiii be hereaiter the epoch
of departure whence veterans, now only youthful
conscripts, sLp.ll commence the story ol the great
Austrian War. Just as we look back upon the
blood spilling contest of principles and passions
which divided Europe iu the last ten years of the
iast century ; just as we note the particular points
ot difference which grew and widened aud smoulder
ed aud flamed till the world was wrapped iu the
roaring tires, and the vision o: all men was darkened
by the smoke —so, as there is too much reason to
tear, will the men of the succeeding age scan those
act* of Slate which, winged by a swifter agency
than our fathers knew, are passing momentarily
before our eyes, and deduce how rapidly arose the
great unnecesaaiy war which lasted—what prophet
-hali dare to -ay how long ? The solemnities of the
Holy Week are neglected for the hurrying away of
armed men to meet others upon an appointed spot
for slaughter. The festivities of Easter will proba
bly be checked by the cries of men in conflict, and
by the sorrows that wait upon victory as well as
upon deteat. In our secure and secluded island we
listen only to the echoes of instant preparation that
are now passing like the Fiery Cross through the
other countries cf Europe. “The French army is
iu fall maich to the frontiers of Piedmont.”
The Poet regards Austria as having virtually de
clared war. The MorniDg Chronicle thinks it rash
to say that the means of accommodation are utterly
exhausted ; but that is ail. The Star regards the
position of afl'airs as if all Gtrruauy would be drawn
into the vortex, and says that we mußt take care
that Lord Malmesbury ‘does not commit indiscre
tions which may lead to the same result, as far as
England is concerned.
From the London Times, April 22.
Position of the Belligerents.
Suoh is now the state of affairs. Austria has
20U.UUO men either upon the Ticno or within such
a distance that they can be placed upon the banks
of that frontier river within the three days of grace
fixed in the imperative demand of the Austrian
General. Sardinia occupies the opposite bank with
a force which could not, probably, delay for one
day its own destruction by that gigantic enemy.—
It may be that Sardinia can show 70,000 men in
arms, including her free corps, gathered from all
parts of Italy, and comprehending nesmall portion
of the discontented spirits who have passed theii
’lives in making manifestations of hatred to the
foreigner. Os these 70,000, perhaps, after garrison
ing her great fortresses, Alessandria aud Genoa, she
may be able to range 40u0 iu lino of battle. Three
days of respite are all that is given. If, aa we read
the telegram, tbe demand has been already made,
next Sunday may eee an Austrian army in quick
advuuce upim Turin. Ibe position of Sardinia is
perilous, but it it a position from which she cannot
escape by a tame Compliance. Even if Victor Em
manuel could accept the ignominy o. succumbing
to tbe tils’, pressure of force after putting forth such
loud defiances, tbe men he has called around him
would nut suffer him to retreat. If Austria and Sar
dinia are lett to themselves we shall hear iu a few
days of an invasion aud a battle. Every thing
points this out as the natural sequence. The sudden
ultimatum uuathe short reprieve are evidently part
of a well-considered military policy formed by Aus
tria. It is dearly her interest, if she is resolved
upon war, or ii sue leels that she will be compelled
to accept war, to crush the Sardinian army before
tbe French cau arrive to it* assis auce The march
trom the bauks ut the Ticmo to Turin is through a
plain country unprotected by any place of military
strength, wt-ll known by operations in a recent
campaign, and offering every facility for the ad
vance of a great army Three da} a would bring
the Austrian General to the unprotected city of Tu
rin. There is nothing between the frontier aud the
capital but the aims and bodies of those 10,1)01)
Sardinian troops, who are so vastly outnumbered
by the Auslrmu hosts. To crash that army, to ef
fect by tone the disarmament demanded, and to
dictate terms at Turin, would be but the effort of a
lev/ days, if Sardinia remained unfriended. When
we see Her iu this imminent danger we loik round
anxiously lo measure how far off are her triends,
and what may be the cbmices of timely assistance.
We may assume, perhaps, that the passing cf the
Ticino will be considered by tee Emperor ot the
French as a declaration of war by Austria, and
that while the Austrians are marching from the
East upon Turin the French Emperor will be pour
ing hiscolumus Irotn u.e Weatumi marching through
the passes of the Alp to meet the Austrian inva
ders, ana to anticipate, if pose.iblu, their arrival at
the Sardinian capital. For this purpose we may
contider Grenoble or Brinncou as containing the
whole force of the French Empire, for tire chains
ol commuuicaliun by rail are to complete that con
tinous columns might be directed from ail parts of
France upon those citrrs. The colutns, however,
that should lake their way by Chaurbery aud Mont
Cenis would find themselves ISO miles from Turin
when crossing into the Piedmontese territory althe
Pout de Beauvoisiu. Those which should advance
by way of Embrun and Briaucon and over Mont
Genevre could find a better road and a shorter dis
tance ou the Piedmontese side of the Alps but would
still scarcely hope to win tire race against the Aus
trian troops coming by the plains. Again, help
might quickly arrive from Toulon aud Marseilles
by way eff Genoa ; Toulon is rich in transports, and
a few hours mi*lit land a respectable force at Genoa.
From Genoa there is a railway to Turin, but, un
fortunately, it wiuds away far up lo the northeast,
aid an important portion of it would probably be
reached aud destroyed by the Austrians in their
first day’B march. We should not be very confident
in trusting the safety of a kingdom to the possi
bility of uniting before Turin columns which had
to penetiale the Alps and to arrive from Genoa, if
one condition ol the military success of such an
operation were that ! he concentration should be ef
fected in three or lour, or even in five or six days.
Perhaps we may count- something for the delay
which may be reasonably expected to be interposed
by the fiurdiniau army either fighting or retreating;
but, failing tbie, or those other chances of war which
never can be lully calculated, the military heads
who seem to have conceived this plan of opening
the campaign have not failed in stragstie ability.—
Physically speaking, if the war is lo come, the
Power which strikes the first blow and choees its
own field of action will commence with an advan
tage. Morally speaking, of course, the picture ia
reversed.
From the London Times , Api il 23.
The Provoker of the Contest.
Gen. Della Marmora telegraphs from the banks
of the Ticino that the Austrian army has made a
significant movement on the strategical line of the
Ticino, and that an attack at any moment may be
apprehended. .The Court of Vienna, so late as yes
terday, reiterates Us declaration that all other pro
posals must be sut ordinate to the summons already
addressed to Sardinia. The Imperial manifesto
which is to accompany the declaration of war
against Sardinia has already been prepared. Aus
tria, mistress of the position, is ready by act of
State and deed of war to initiate the sanguinary
drama upon which the curtain is about to rise.
How completely a few days have changed the po
sitions of the parties to this mighty difference 1 So
late as Monday last, when Lord Derby from his
place in the House of Lords directed such bitter re
monstrance against the Emperor of the French, it
was believed tnat it was France who was poising
the thunderbolt, and that it was from her only that
we had occasion to fear lest the sound should come
and the fire should fall. But now, within the last
48 horns, Austria has occupied the eyes of Europe,
striding lorth as the aggressor and the challenger,
occupying the arena marked by tacit consent as the
spot ot conflict. Austria, whether in prudence, or
in ambition, or in obduracy, has shown herself more
ready for the fray even than the Power which was
the origin of the quarrel. France seems to have
been taken by surprise. Whether it was that the
Emperor believed that, all he desired would be ob
tained from Austria's fears, or whether he trusted to
his own fertility in peaceful assurances and to the
agency of the Moniteur to delay the conflict to a
more convenient season; or whether he has calcu
lated ill, or has been negligently served, it is impos
sible now to say; but certain it is that Austria has
tile start, and France is straining to overtake her.
While Austria is mameuvering on the Ticino,
j’rance is still only sending tr ops to Dauphiny.—
While Austria is present to follow up her decisive
menaoe by an irresistible attack, France is only
collecting her defensive levies at a distance from
the position of her jeopardized ally.
Austria is, as we have said, at this moment mis
tress of the position. She has an army on the Ti
cino beiore which, if put in motion, the forces of
Sardinia must melt away into the fortress of Ales
sandria and Genoa, or must be hopelessly scattered.
Miracles do happen undoubtedly now and then ;
40,000 men have beaten 200,000 men; but sane
men do not reckon on the repetition of such inci
dents in the 19th century, and between regularly
disciplined European troops. It would be fanati
cal to suggest that Sardinia can hold her own for a
week against the hosts about to be let loose upon
her. The flood offspoilero will sweep over the land.
Turin must be occupied, although probably not
held. The power ot the Piedmontese monarch wiil
be Bhut up in the few fastenesses which Sardinia
contains, and the real struggle will cot begin until
Austria has struck a Wow which will be heard
throughout Italy. Asa belligerent Power she is
wise in her generation; but she is not wise in her
generation it she ieseeking unnecessarily to become
a belligerent Power. If she belie veil that there
was no hope of permanent peace, that the French
Emperor was resolved upon war, and that she was
only kept fainting under the weight of her arms,
waiting till it should suit thj convenience of the
Emperor to overwhelm her; if she moreover, is
willing at this moment, when her promptitude has
given her the choice of an offensive policy, to make
ttese reasonable retractions which the interests of
humanity and the public opinion of Europe require
of her, —then it wiil be difficult to say that ahe is en
tirely wrong in having sought to precipitate a crisis in
which she was bleeding to death. But if this is a
first forward step in an aggressive and a defiant
policy, —if Austria seeks to enter Sardinia as the
armed apostle of absolutism and of Ultra montane
priestcraft; if she has taken up her old world mis
sion of binding the bodies and coercing the minds
and consciences of all human beings born in Italy,
then the fact of her having been the first to com
menee this war will be no unimportant item in
the great indictment whiob will be pressed against
her. But. whatever may be her ultimate intentions,
she has by her precipitancy done the Emperor of
the French this great good. Whereas, three days
ago, all Europe looked upon him as an Imperial
robber, seeking occasion to let loose his prepared
armies upon a peace-loving neighbor, the world will
see in this sudden start and in the -asty and un
ready preparations ot Napoleon 111. some evidence
that after all his menaces he hsci not intended to
provoke the combat which Austria has now com
menced.
The great question for us to consider, however,
is not how Austria stands, or at what place France
hastens, or even how soon Sardinia can be over
run, but what is the position and policy of Eng
land. Lord Derby has said that, “If war breaks
out, whatever be the consequences, our neutrality,
as long as it may last, must to a certain extern be
an armed neutrality, ena ding us to take our part
on that side, whatever it may be, which the honor,
the interests, and the dignity of the country may
indicate as best deserving our support.” The, e
words, coupled with others bearing upon the occu
pation of the shores of the Adriatic, tended to a
scarcely ambiguous intimation that if the event ; of
the impending war should lead French troops into
the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom England would
appear as a combatant in the melee. W e ventured
to comment upon those words in a tone of remon
strance. Sow that the event appears mors pro
bable, and its preceding circumstances aimest cer
tain we think it rightto reiterate our protest against
engaging England either by alliance, or menace, or
guarantee, so as to draw her into this purely Con
tinental quarrel.
The Din of Arms.
An extraordinary Council of Ministers was held
at the Tuileries on Thursday, the 21st April, the
Emperor presiding. Prince Napoleon, who, since
he resigned the Ministry of Algeria, has never at
tended these councils, took his seat in the character
of a prince of the blood.
The Conatitutionnel announces that a part of the
army of Paris has to bold itself in
readiness to march. Tte Ist and 4th infantry divi
sion of the army of Paris are under orders to pro
ceed to Toulon by railway. The first division wiil
leave Paris on Friday, the 22nd.
Tcnis, April 21.—Threatening movements cf the
Austrian army on the frontiers #f Piedmont have
taken place. The Austrian authorities have direct
ed the manager; of the Lombard Railway toeu-pend
the usual trains to-morrow, the 22d inst. All the
locomotives have been ordered back for the trans
port of soldiers. Troops are expected on the road
from Milan to the Ticino. This evening a Council
“ f Ministers wa“ held, utidsr the Presidency of the
King.
lue following letter has been received in Paris
from Trieste, dated the ltith inst.:
“While Austria is calling on the other Powers to
disarm, she is arming as quickly as possib e. There
will be shortly 60,(100 troops assembled at Venice,
and the Government, moreover, retains the South
ern Railway for the exclusive service of the War
Department. Besides the order of the day of Gen.
Clyulai posted in the barracks, others have been pub
iiahed, in which alinsion is made to the defeat of
the Austrians at Marengo, a defeat which ‘the
sold era of the present army will shortly avenge.’—
All the measures adopted are warlike, and no pre
p iration is being made for disarming. The reserve
has been called out, and Lloyd’s Company have
thus been deprived ot 30 ct their best servants. All
‘heir mechanicians have been lake:-: from them with
the exception of 12, who were left as a great favor
to the company. The artisans so taken away are
now employed by the Government in themanufao
ture of engiues of war. lam informed that Lloyds’
Compary nave announced to Iheir clerks that iu
case of war they will be forced to dismiss the half ot
them, and to reduce tiie salaries of the remainder.
You may imagine what ail effect this announce
ment produced A forced loan of sflo,(H)o,oUUfl. and
an increase of 30 per cent, on the taxes are spoken
of. It is further reported that a family council was
held at Vienna, at which the Archduke John cen
sured the policy of the Government in slroDg terms.
Vienna, April 19.
Not a word ia here publicly spoken on military
matters, but it is whispered that two Austrian divi
sions began to move towards the Ticino on the 12th
instant. Nine roomy palaces have been prepared in
Venice for the reception of troops which ai e on tbeir
way to Lombardy, and five of the largest Lloyd s
steamers are continually employed in transporting
the various battalions from Trieste to Venice. No
goods have been conveyed on the Lombardo
Venetian Railroad since tne 13th instant, and the
passenger trains are said to have been reduced to a
minimum. Should there be a war in Italy—and it
will be a miracle if there is not —the Emperor and
Empress will pass the summer at lunspruck, where
the castle is being prepared for their reception.—
Correspondence of the London Times.
The Gazette de Lyons of April 19, says:
General Renault’s division, which some days ago
took possession ot the camp at Sathonay, has receiv
ed orders to proeeed to the frontiers of the Alps,
and has commenced a movement in that direction.
The troops are to be echelonged ill the fortified
places aud in cantonments. The Bth battalion of rifle
men ot that division having been ordered to leave
for Vienna and for Grenoble (these places are ou the
road to the Italian Alps) set out at midday, but
when it had marched about four miles it was over
taken by a messenger with an order to return. It
re entered the city at about 5 o’clock in the after
noon, and took up a position iu the Cours Napoleon,
in Older to be ready to leave anew, but thi3 time by
railway. The departure was to take place in the
night or early iu the morning. It is said that ail
the division, including the crtillery, is to go by rail
way to Grenoble. It is to be replaced in the camp
of Sathonay by the sth Division from Africa, the first
detachment of which, consisting of a battalion of the
45th, have arrived iu our city.
Paris, Friday, April 22.
The Patrie of this evening contains the following;
“ The delay granted by Austria to Piedmont for
disarming, will, as it appears, expire on Sunday
evening next. Till now nothing has confirmed the
report here circulated, that an engagement has
been fought on the Ticino. It is rumored that
General Kandon wifi be appointed Major General
of the army to be concentrated on the frontiers of
Piedmont, aud that Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers
will take his departure to join the army on the Alps.
Gen. Canrobert has arrived in Paris from Nancy.
The report is current that the Austrians have en
tered the Duchies of Tuscany, Parma and Modena.
It is also stated that the French soldiers on renew
able furlough are to be called in.”
Thu European Complication.
Mankind, although compelled to admit the truth
of Solowou’d proposition that there is no new thing
under the sun, has never become reconciled to the
conditions which it seems to imply. Novelty is the
detire of all hearts, the great object of pursuit to
universal man. There is a disposition to seek it in
every phenomenon with which be is not familiar,
and in every change which he does not exactly
comprehend. Just at this moment, the great at
traction is the position of Austria wit h regaid to the
Italian question, which the whole world is discuss
ing, coudeming, applauding, and wondering at,
with as much fervor, and good faith, as though it;
were something absolutely new.
So far is the present position of Austria from be
ing either strange or unusual, that it agrees entirely
with her whole history in connection with Italy,
ever since that country was laid prostrate at her
feet by the treaty of Vienna. Within a period of
forty-tour years her armies have occupied in suc
cession, every State of that unfortunate land, with
the sole view of defending these execrable govern
ments against the people whom they oppress, with
a cruelty unknown to Europe, since the domination
ot imperial Koine. Within that period they have
occupied Tuscany for eix years, Naples for five,
Modena and Parma for six, and the Papal elutes
for five and twenty.
The petty princes who lie south of the Po, are
well aware, that let them opprees their subjects as
they may, they will always be supported by Austria
againßt any attempt to produce a reformation of
anuses. They are equally well aware that were her
formidable succor withdrawn, they could not stand
one hour, before the awakened wrath ot tbeit out
raged subjects. They know that they not only may
govern badly without fear, but that Austria will not
suffer them to govern in any other way. That this
is a lact, which admits of no dispute, is apparent
from the history of Italy, since the year 1815. When
Austria replaced the long exiled King of Naples
upon the throne, it was her first act to bind him, by
treaty, to administer the government strictly and
purely upon the principles of Absolutism ; and,
that there might be no possibility of a doubt, as to
the manner in which this treaty was to be construed,
Metternich subsequently declared, at the Congress
of Laybach, when it was intimated that it might be
necessary to make some concessions to the spirit of
the age, which was expanding in the direction of
Reform, that if the King of Naples himself attempt
ed to introduce constitutional government, the Em
peror would make war upon him. In 1822, the
Austrian Minister at the Congress of Verona, de
clared that representative government should not
be established in any single Italian State ; and, in
the same year, after the revolution in Naples had
been crashed by the iron hand of Austria, the Em
peror Francis told the Papal legate that he was
about to withdraw his forceß from the States of the
Church i but that, asked or not asked, he should
take the liberty of coming back again, whenever he
thought proper.
These facts reveal the entire system upon which
Austria is acting at the present moment. She is
determined to allow no constitutional government,
no popular representation, no reform in any of the
Italian States. Compelled by circumstances to
make Sardinia thus far an exception to the general
rule, she has nevertheless neglected no opportunity
to place herself in a position to crush that couutry
whenever a convenient opportunity may offer.—
Preparatory to this oatastrophe, Bhe took advantage
of the long interval of peace that succeeded the
battle of Waterloo, to increase her own means of
communication with Italy, and to prevent Pied
mont from establishing any with France. It was
obviously her object to throw the theatre of any fu
ture war as far as possible from Vienna, and to fix it
in Northern Italy, or on the confines of France.—
The works which she constructed for this purpose
are prodigious beyond all precedent. They enable
her to deluge Lombardy with troops so rapidly, that
resistance may be crushed at once, before any aux
iliary power can arrive to avert the blow. Design
is apparent in all these operations—both in the oare
which she has taken to multiply her own lines of
communication, and to interrupt those prepared by
Piedmont, even on her own territory. Thus pre
pared, it is not wonderful that she felt herself au
thorized to use a tone of haughty insolence to Sar
dinia—to require that she should submit to her
mercy as a preliminary to any arrangement for a
general disarmament —to insist that her troops
should be disbanded, and as a further humiliation,
that this operation should be superintended by Aus
trian officers.
It is in vain that D’lsraeli and the Tories that
surround him, ascribe this whole complication to the
ambition of Napoleon 111. The world knows bet
ter. It ascribes it to the true cause—to the resolute
determination of Austria to maintain in Italy the
infernal system which has reduced it to its present
condition. A similar attempt was made at the
commencement of the late Knssian war. But it
deceived nobody. The whole world saw at once
that it was the desire of Nioholas to administer the
“Bick man’s” estate before he was dead, and not a
petty squabble about an old rusty key, tb&t set the
legions of the monarchs in motion. How the end
may be, of course it is impossible to know-. The
position of Austria upon the Ticino with 2(10 000
men—the facility with which she can transport
them to the other Bhore, where there are but 40,000
to oppose her —and the short distance of the river
from Turin—offer her great advantages tor striking
a heavy blow at the opening of the campaign. But
there are thirty thousand French troops at Toulon,
only two hundred miles off, and these can be trans
ported to Genoa, whence to Turin there is a rail
road, in twelve hours. Heavy French columns lie,
also, on the other side of the Alps ; but for the rea
son that Austria would allow Piedmont to make no
roads communicating with France, their arrival
must, of course, be longer delayed. The French,
however, have this great advantage : As regards
all Europe, with the exception of England, they are
all powerful at sea. They can land in Illyria, take
Trieste and Venice, and place themselves com
’ pie! ely in the rear of the Austrian invad'ng army,
cutting it off from the famous line of the Adige, es
tablishing themselves between it and the Tyrol,
and thus placing it, as it were, in a state of seige.—
Richmond Dispatch.
Arrest of a Fugitive from South Carolina.
—On the 20th of April last Superintendent Carpen
ter received a telegraphic dispatch from W. D H.
Kirkwood, of Charleston, 8. C., ordering the arrest
of John Hawkins, fugitive on board of the Hubert
S. Bell. The case was given at once to the river
and harbor police, and assigued to officer Lee and
Cornell. Apprehending that the man might trans
fer himself to some other yessel, more than two
hundred ehips were boarded in quest of the fugitive
Sunday morning the Robert S. Bell arrived, and
about noon Hawk'ns was found on board as a pas
senger. He was conducted at once to the first
precinct station house, and $65 in gold taken from
hispoekets.
Hawkins is an Englishman, and is known by the
epithet of “Liverpool Johnny.” The crime with
which he stands charged is highway robbery, said
to have been committed on the 23d of April. He
and two accomplices had decoyed a stranger into
the country, about four miles from Charleston, and
there i obbed him of three hundred dollars. The
man hastened to the city and notified the police,
who arrested two of the party the same day.—
“Liverpool Johnny” escaped on board the Robert
S. Bell, which set sail for this city the same evening.
Notice was at once despatched to Superintendent.
Carpenter, and measures were taken for his arrest.
He made no resistance to the officers, but signified
Lis willingness to go to South Carolina. lie will re
main, however, at the Tombs, till a requision can
be obtained from the Governor of that State for bis
rendition.— A’. Y. Evening Post.
Free Negroes Leaving New Orleans for
Haiti. —The brig West Indian, left this port on
Monday evening, for Port au prince, having on
board over one hundred and fifty persons of color,
volunta y emigrants, m< st of whom were of the
better ( lass. Nearly all have trades, and they go to
this land of promise with high hopes of bettering
their condition. May they not be disappointed.—
This movement of emigration emanates from Jeff
rard the new President of Hayti, who is desirous of
enlightening and rendering more industriou i the
population over which he is called to rule, by the
infusion of new ana more wholesome blood into the
body politic. W r ith this view be ba3 appointed
agen's, who charter vessels and afford a free pass
age to all to emigrate; paying only a
moderate ,uol for their sustenance on board. The
West Indian is the first veesel that has left this port
on this mission. She is to be followed by others,
according to the demand for emigration.— N. O.
Bulletin 4 IK ins£ .
Wholesale Cutting. —ln cutting garments for
the British soldiers the cloth is piled, placed be
tween boards cqt in the shape of patterns and com
pressed, and then sawed out, thus cutting a hun
dred or more garments at once.
A Norwegian shoemaker living in Minnesota,
has obtained $17,000 for a piece of land near
Chicago, which he bought eleven years ago, for the
sum of *2O.
Hon. Linn Boyd, of Kentucky, who has been ill
in Philadelphia for several mouths, is said to be
slowly recovering.
VOL. LXXIfI.—NEW SERIES VOL.XXIII. NO. 20.
Atlnii-K In Mexico.
The following letter written by an intelligent En
glishman residing in Mexico, will be found interest
ing. It corroborates the account given by the cor
respondent of the New Orleans Picayune :
Mexico, April 18^
Since my last letter, we have Laa iwo important
events—the recognition of Juarez by Mr. McLane,
aud the defeat of the Liberal forces who besieged
this capital uuder Degolla o. You are probably
aware of thereirea:ot Miramon (with the noneniiy
Robles) from Vera Cruz, hie army having melted
away by deserlion and fever and of bis being final
ly routed at the mountain passes near Orizaba. He
ultimately rode through with two of his officers only,
and solely distinguished himself by pretending to a
poor American named Oscar Roberts, whom he
round r. sting at a mountain hut, that he was of
the party of Juarez. Roberts confessing he had
letters for that General was seized, tied to a tree
aid the President then amused himself by shooting
him.
f'he recognition of Juarez was almost an inevita
ble step, and a wise oue if you have made a bargain
with him for free public worship, burial grounds, a
habeas corpus act as it were for foreigners, a reduc
tion of the tariti', aud it you have fullv viewed the
consequences and ale determined to go through
with them. I fear that Mr. liuehanau only thought
of the immediate gain ot the Tehuantepec. Your
ships must secure tor him all the ports on the Paci
fic and Atlantic, and office,*, if not men. must be
furnished him for three years, like the Evans’ le
gion in Spain, on leave of absence. Money—if he
has Ihe pluck to nationalize the properly of the
clergy aud the treasure in the churches, (the plunder
of the last two hundred and fifty years) assigning
suitable support from the Government to all the
clergy—he will not need. If he dared to give up
the weak points of his party, Federalism, it would
be better still.
The in-pouring of Anglo-Saxon blood and capital
under good laws, will give you a bloodless conquest
hereafter, and a grand commercial field in the
meantime. You cannot depend again on a Mexi
can Congress for such laws. If Juarez will not act
as Dictator thus far, it should be done by an Inter
national intervention at Washington.
It is to be hoped that the eyes of the French and
English Government* will be opened as regards
this countiy, Gabriac's treatment of his own coun
trymen is infamous. Mr. Otway might have done
better for himself, and most assuredly for his coun
trymen. When Miramon’s army was lost, he was
thinking of embarking, but he was told that des
patches had reached this Government that would
heal its wounds. It then leaked out that sometime
back Messrs. Gabriao and Otway had plotted to
make the Mexican Minister m London, a perfeot
Jesuit, represent to LordMalme.-bjry that he should
act above all parties—that Vera Cruz should be
considered the Treasury of tbe country, and that 8
British fleet should enforce there all British claims
upon Mexico. You have probably heard that an
order has issued from Mr. Otway to the commander
of the fleet to make certain demand? upon Ihe Vera
Cruz government. England is thus made to de
mand of a government she does not recognize, that
it shall pay for till’ acts of a government she does
recognize ; aud Miramon can see that in order to
cripple Juarez, he has only to seize an English
merchant at Mexico or Potoei, and threaten to
shoot him unless he pays $56,000 down.
After Miramon’s return here, Marguez issued out
of the Capitol, got into the rear of Degollado’s
force, having, it is said, bribed Alvarez, and who
either from treachery or cowardice fled without
fighting. His forces, cut in two, retreated in diffe
rent directions—the gallant l’uablita, Lane —a
dashing Englishman , and Saragossa to join Traco
liio towards Vera Cruz, Degollado and his rubbish
towards the interior. Then the priests rushed on
the field and were heard to incite the soldiers to kill
tbe wounded. Then only Miramon appeared, and
with his monster brother and Marguez revelled in
atrocities. The wounded iu the hospital at Taeu
baya were dragged out and shot. Five doctors—
one Mexican, an American, an Englishman, two
young medical students who were uuattac ed to
any party, but oeing with their friends atTacubaya
offered their aid to the wounded of both parties.
Sanchez aud Cora Rubias, and a boy of 12 assist
ing, were dragged out of the hospital, by priests’
oiders, befoie Marguez, aud were shot i.i"that mon
ster’s presence. The Englishman appealed in vain
to his profession, and for leave to address his Minis
ter, both were d—d by Marguez as heretics aud
scoundrels. The American Kelt t.o pray and was
kicked in the face by Col. Miramon.
The whole ot Monday night was passed in these
murders. All who had housed the Liberals were
arrested. A respectable lawyer was dragged at 12
o’clock from his wife and five children, bi ought to
Tacubaya and shot. During Degollado’s stay every
door was open, not an egg was stolen. The regu
lar troops, however, broke open and robbed every
house in Tacubaya in three hours
Having murdered the greater part of the priso
ntrs, it was necc-tsary to pick up o'.iiers as “sym
pathisers,” to make up the number ol 200 for the
triumphant entry ot Marguez An Englishman
and two American iu iron? were iu the front rank.
Then came a Tc Deum and diplomatic congratula
tions.
Extensive Forgery on the Lafayette Bank
by a Railroad Clerk.—Oueol the most exten
sive forgeries which has been perpetrated in oar
city in a long time, was brought to light on Tues
day, although the facts in regard to it. were kept
quiet until yesterday. The particulars are about
a? follows : On Saturday a young man named Jas.
N. Dubois, a young clerk employed in the office of
the Hamilton and Dayton Railroad Company, pre
sented a check for $7,000 at the counter of the
Bank, and received the money, with which he de
parted. The manner in which the check was pro
duced, (the signature of the President being gen
uine,) was aa follows : Mr. L'Hommedieu was in
the habit of signing a few checks in blank in the
usual book, for use by the Secretary as they should
be wanted ; on Saturday he left two pages or six
checks, thus eigned, and the book was deposited in
the usual place. Tho Company had recently had
printed anew book of checks, which had not been
used, and from the back of this book Dubois had
cut three pages, or nine cheeks, upon whioli he had
doubtless been experimenting upon the signatures.
When he had succeeded in copying the signature of
the President with satisfactory accuracy, an oppor
tunity afforded, as it did on Saturday, after the
Secretary had left the office, he cut from the second
page of black cheeks the bottom me and carefully
pasted in its place the check which he had already
prepared himself, and to which he had attached the
name of Mr. L’Hommedieu. This process gave
him the genuine signature of the President. As
every cheek was printed aorosa the face, “Not
good, unless countersigned by the Secretary,” it
was necessary to forge the signature of Mr F. H.
Short, which was done, though not in a manner
to escape detection, had it been subjected to
scrutiny.
The cheek was presented on Saturday afternoon,
and paid, and the forgery was not discovered until
Tuesday afternoon, the book not having been used
in the meantime, when the pass book was taken to
the Lafayette Bank to be balanced. Upon making
inquiries it was ascertained that young Dubois had
not been at the office since Saturday, nor at his
usual boarding place, and the forgery was at once
traced to him. Further investigation developed
the fact that he had not only perpetrated the crime
we have described, which he mußt have had in con
templation for some time, but that in his subse
quent (light from the city he had taken with him a
young lady about eighteen years of age, the sister
of the wile of a very respectable citizen, to whose
grief we would not add another pang by giving
publicity to her name. The guilty partner in the
flight of the young forger, ia said to be handsome
and well educated, aua until this affair had borne
an irreproachable character.— Cin. Qaz.
Stop the Murderer !—The following informa
tion of a most unprovoked outrage in Catawba,
was received on Sunday night last:
Catawba County, May 8.
This morning a man by the name of Hardaway
Bone attacked Mr. James Cornelius with a knife,
inflicting several severe wounds upon different
parts of his body, which are considered fatal. Bone
has made his escape, crossing the Catawba river
into Ireaell county. He is originally from Georgia,
and worked for a good many years in the Lumpkin
gold mines, in that State. For a year or two past
he has been living in Iredell county, near States
ville. He is about five feet nine or ten inches
high, with light hair aud complexion, well-formed
and rather good looking. Ha? mild blue eyes; the
forehead very prominent immediately above the
eyes, and then gradually receding. Speaks rather
slowly but determined; generally keeps a knife in
his hand when talking with any one or sitting alone,
having his bead slightly inclined one way or the
other, and aleo keeps it in that position when walk
ing. He is a ditcher by trade. Drinks liquor
freely at times, and is tend of gambling—proposing
to bet in any thing or with any body, whether ac
quainted or uut. He has been speaking of going
to Gold Hill for a week or two.
A reward of SSOO will be paid for bis apprehen
sion and confinement in any jail in or out of the
State. Hone has also one thumb off close to the
hand, and uses the left instead of the right hand.
Austin Cornelius.
We learn that the cause of the attack on Mr.
Cornelius was a law suit. Bone went to the house
of Mr. Cornelius on Sunday morning aud demanded
the amount cf a debt which be claimed as due him ;
Cornelius told him he could not then pay it, where
upon Bone struck him with a club and then Btabbed
him three times. —Charlotte Democrat.
Remarkable Discovery of Crime.—A Hong
Kong (China) correspondent of the Boston Tra
veller relate? au extraordinary discovery of a liiye
terious murder. A Chinese boy, servant th Capt.
Johnson, of tbe New York ship MaSt ls, was missed
one mo ning iu January, aud $750 belonging to the
captain wa3 also gone. It was supposed, there
fore, that lie had absconded on a Chinese boat
which had been seen around the ship. The corres
pondent says:
One afternoon the captain had occasion to go
ashore, and bis own boat being engaged, he was ob
liged to procure one of the Chinese called a “ fasl
boat,” carrying a sad as well as using oars, and
large aud heavy. When he returned from the town
the sea was rough, aud the Chinese master of the
boat being ignorant of the customary way of ap
proaching the ship, the boat was driven by wind and
wave with great force against the - de of the ship,
producing a violent concussion iu the water as well
as iu the ship. The effect of the discharge of cannon
in raising dead bod is from the water is well known,
and such was the effect of tbe concussion of the
boat. Had the trump of the archangel been beard
in the ear of the Chinese boy, hardly could he have
sprung more suddenly from the deep where he lay !
The mystery was cleared up; suspicion gave way
to certainty ; and now it was known that the cabin
boy had been murdered on board the American
ship. But had not the captain been obliged to hire
a Chinese boat on the occasion, and b,&d not the ig
norance of the master caused the violent dash ot tbe
noat against the side of the ship, the secret might
not have been rs'jealed till earth and sea alike give
up their deau How remarkable the Providence.—
How mueh like the finger of God !
When the body came uo, it was found with a
greased rope about the neck in a noose, which had
be n drawn so tight that upon a post-mortem ex
amination not a drop of water was found in tbe
body. The boy had died by strangulation and not
by drowning. Besides this, a piece ot iron of about
25 Its. weight, called a “normon,” an appendage
of ship-tackle, was fastened to the body by the
rope, so if the boy was not chocked, he might be
drowned; and whether chocked or drowned, or
both, that he might tell no secret*. Nr was this
enough ; the head bore marks of violent contusion,
and evidently it had been attempted to kill tte boy
by blows, and instantly, as well as bv strangling.
Finally, three men were suspe v t*3 and arrested,
but denied the crime. One, however, tnrned State’s
evidence and charged tte other two with the urur
der, he aliq ttiid where the money was hidden.—
Doubt as to the sufficiency of the evidence was en
tertained, but one night the jailor overheard the
men accusing each other, and thus giving al! tbe
details of the crime. Op this accidentally procured
evidence ail were convicted and sentenced to be
hung.
New DIBCOYERT in Photography.—Galignani
announces a discovery in photography. It consists
in the invention of an artificial light, so wonderiul
ly luminous and so steady as to completely supply
the etfect of the most brilliant noonday sun in all
photographic operations. The light being contain
ed in a portable apparatus, portraits can be taken
in private residences, even in the darkest room,
wholly independent of the state of the atmosphere ;
and those part* of cathedrals or other picturesque
architectural monuments where the light of the sun
never penetrates, and which, in consequence, have
been until now wholly shut out from the photo
grapher, wUi be a* accessible to the artist as any
part of the exterior.
Insult !o file American Finn — ni -lenient of
t'apl. McDonald.
We gave, in our yesterday morning's issue, a
paragraph taken from tbe New Orleans Picayune,
to the effect that, the bark Geo. Strieker had been’
fired upon twice by an English vessel, off the coast
of Brazil. The following ie the Captain's state
ment:
Bark Geo. Stricker, at Sea, >
April 6,1859. ’t
At 8 o'clock this morning, or there about,
sail were descried a long distance off, one an’out
port, the other on our starboard bow. The vessel
on the port bow soon proved to be a brigantine,
with a equate main top sail, steering by the wind
and heading to the eastward.
The wind was at this time about S. S. E., and our
course N. W. (bound to New Orleans.)
In the course of an hour, steering different
courses, we had changed positions, so as to bring
the brigantine, which I then took to be an English
man, to bear about N. E. A moment after, more
over, she hoisted the British flag on her peak which
put her nationality beyond all doubt. ’
Seeing this, I immediately ordered my colors
(American) to be made fast to the starboard mizzeu
rigging, that being the plaoe where they would mos’
likely be seen by the brigantine, she being then on
our starboard beam ; and furthermore, it is quite a
common order among merchantmen. There they
remained sufficiently long to he observed by all, and
especially tbe brigantine, wbeu I ordered them
down. We were tarring rigging at the time, and
I did not want my colors spoiled by keeping them
up unnecessarily.
Our colors had been down, I should thiuk, about
five minutes, when, to my surprise, and without
any warning whatever, the Englishman tired upon
us with round shot, which fell short about one fourth
of a mite. I waited a white, not knowing what to
thiuk of it, when another shot was tired, which fell
short about tbe same distenoe as before. The
Englisman was at this time about three raiies dis
tant.
Now, more than ever, I did not know what to
make of these warlike demonstrations, especially
as the Englishman tacked ship and stood towards
us. Determined, however, to leave no duty on my
part undone, I took in my spanker and again hoist
ed my colors to the peak. But the Englishman
continued the chase for about ten minutes, when
she again tacked and stood to the eastward as be
fore.
Now if this Englishman had wished tc speak
us, or see who we were, ho could easily have hove
to directly ahead of us, and I should have steered
tor him with pleasure. Never to my knowledge
have I refused a courteous act towards my tellow
■seamen. But conduct like this is unworthy the
honorable service with which he is connected, and
cannot be too severely reprimanded. And that
proper inquiry may be made into the affair by
those concerned, I here add a description of the
brig.
Hermaphrodite, with square maintopsail; all sail
set forward except foretopcail; staysail and main
top gallant sail furkd; windsail down ; main hatch
way painted black; provided with quarter boats
and small stern boat. Also, so far as I could see,
with a brass pivot gun, but am not certain.
Lat. 4° 09’ south, long. 35° 50'.
[Signed] J. W. M, McDonald,
Master bark Gen. Strieker,
Morphy in London —Mr. Morphy haa returned
from Paris to London, and, indeed, is by this time
on his way to Boston in the next steamer due there
He was warmly welcomed back to the British me
tropolis, where the great ambition of every lover of
Chess seems to have been to see who should try the
best to do him honor aud add the most leaves to that
laurel wreath of supremacy with which the young
Americau champion returns, crowned, to his na
tive country. On the evening of his reception at
the St. James’ Club, Mr, Morphy played two games
with his old opponent, Herr Lowenthall. On tire
first, Mr. Morphy played with his usual brilliancy,
opening with the Evans Gambit, aud carrying his
attack through wnh irresistible power and persis
tency. Herr Lowenthall is said to have played tie
second game very firmly. He tried the Ruy Lope*
assault, aud ultimately, alter some remarkably vig
orous and accurate tactics achieved a hard won vie
tory. The following evening Mr. Murphy played
eight blindfold games, eimultaueous.y, against that
number ofthe beet members of the London Club.
Hia antagonists were: 1. Mr Mongredien ; 2. Mr
Slous; 3. Mr. Walker; 4. Mr.Jones; 5 Mr Maud,
(i Mr. Medley; 7. Mr Greenway; 8. Mr. Jansens.
Messrs. Jones and Maud resigned in a few hours ;
but the other games continuing until after midnight,
were, by mutual consent, drawn, unfinished; though
it was thought by many present that Mr. Morphy
had the advantage in every instance.
Mr. Morphy appears to have enjoyed himself
hugely ill Paris. Indeed, so fascinated had bo be
come with that gay capital's Circean enchantments,
that it is mure than hinted his brother-inlaws
visits to Europe was made with the view of ii du
ring him to leave Capea, and return home.—Por
ter's Spirit.
A Careless Engineer Convicted.—We have
already am u-iced the conviction of Panie.l Davis,
engineer of the seamer Ocean Spray, on an in
dictment for uians'aughter, growing out of the des
truction of that veesel by fire, whereby some ten
lives were lost. The case came on for trial this
week before the United States Circuit Court, and
was patiently heard and the accused ably defend
ed. The jury found him guilty, leaving the court
to fix the punishment. This is the first conviction
ever had under the law of Congress providing for
the protection of lives and property on board of
steamboats, and the example, it is hoped, will not
be lost on those who have charge of our steam ves
sels. It lias now been shown that the law is not a
dead letter , and that it can be enforced against
those who violate its provisions. A few verdicts of
this kind, whether applied to steamboats or rail
roads, will have a wonderful effeot in inducing
more oare on the part of those who have charge of
them, and the number of disasters will be greatly
lessened. The case of the engineer on board the
Col. Cr email, under a similar indiotment for man
slaughter, is now on trial in the same court. — St.
Louis Repub., April 20.
An Earthquake at Sea.— The whale ship
Sheffield, of Cold Spring, Captain Green, arrived al
New York from Honolulu. April 26tn, lat. 29 55,
long. (it). 10, experienced three severe shocks of an
earthquake. The first was the most severe, occur
ring at, 4.25 A.M.; the subsequent ones at 540
and 610A. M. Captain Green, who, on several
occasions, has met with similar phenomena at sea,
says that these, in time of continuance, and also in
loudness of accompaning noise, and the peculiar
trembling motion communicated to the ship, far
exceeded all others he ever felt. The mate on
duty at the time of the first shock reported that the
eea for some time previous presented the appear
ance of a tide rip ; the time occupied by the first
shock was variously estimated from j to J minutes.
The noise might bo aptly compared to that of a
heavily loaded w-agon or cart driven rapidly over a
plank road; all the slaepers on board were startled
from tbeir slumbers.
American Baptist Publication Sociitt.—
Tbiß body held its 35th anniversary in Philadelphia
on Thursday last. The society has issued, during
the present year, thirty three new publications ;
419,000 copies of books, pamphlets and tracts have
been published, making 32,042,300 pages 18mo—
The total number of pages printed since the sooie
ty s organization is 340,600,000. The list of Sunday
school library books has been increased, within a
few years, from th rty-six to two hundred and two.
The receipts of the Missionary Department arc
$18,887 34, which is an increase of $1,815.17 over
the like receipts of last year. The total receipts
for the year are $80;239 76>; being an increase of
$19,663 61 over the total receipts ol last year. The
sales of books and publications during the year
amounted to $32,535.66. The receipts in the Mis -
sionary Department for the same period were,
$18,837.34. During the past seven years the col
porteurs have distributed 185.536 volumes, and
2,167,137 pages of tracts ; 212 libraries have been
given to poor Sunday Schools, and 161 to needy
ministers.
The Paraguay Treaty.—The treaty just made
with Paraguay by Judge Bowlin, is, to all intents
and purposes, the same treaty which has been pre
sented for ratification by Mr. Pendleton, our For
eign Minister. The only changes made in it are
these : —lnstead of the permission to navigate as
far as Asuncion, and the Villa de la Encarnaciou,
the rivers Paraguay aud Parana, all the affluent?
of these rivers are thrown open to our merchant,
flag and to exploring expeditions, and one man of
war at a time. The second has made it more than
it was before, by changing the binding term of thin
treaty from six to ten years! The third provides
for its ratification and the exchange of ratifications
at Washington within twelve months from date.
Within twelve months from the ratification of the
treaty the commission to sit at Washington to de
cide the amount of indemnification to be paid to the
“ United States and Paraguay Navigation Compa
ny.”—Balt. Amer.
The Supreme Court of Ohio in the Bushnbi.i.
Case. —The relueal of the Supreme Court of Ohio
to interfere in the Buebnel! case, has somewhat
staggered the higher law advocates, who hold that
the fugitive slave law was of no force or validity
and that the State laws on the subject supersede!
the authority of those of Congress. A majority ot
the Ohio Supreme Coart is composed of republicans.
but wbeu the question came before them of tbc
righl of a United States Marshal to hold a citizen
of Ohio in custody, who had been convicted in the
federal courts of rescuing a fugitive slave, they de
cided that tiny could not go into the question of th(
validity of a law which had been declared conetitu
tional by the highest tribunals in the country. It i:
only flie State of Wisconsin which haH set the au
thority of the State law above that of the United
States, and invited a conflict between the State and
federal courts.
England and France. —The special Washington
correspondent of the N. Y. Times , writing fi on
that city on the 6th says : “Dispatches received
at the French Legation confirm the report of Stroup
words having passed at Paris between Lord Cow
ley aud Count Walewski, relative to tbe course
pursued by the English Cabinet. Napoleon liiinis
the E ,'gUrh Cabinet has proved false to the pio
tessed enbn'e coriii j ! e. and expresses confidence
that the Kug i h people will never sanction the sub
j ligation of Italy by Austria. The approaebinv;
elections for Parliament, he thinks, will prove tl;e<
correctness of his judgment.
“ Count de Kartiges will leave on the 25th ir
fiaron Gerult becomes the Dean of the Diplomat u*.
Corps.”
The Cleveland Slave* Trials. —The late;, 1
news in this case is, that yesterday six of the Ober
lin rescuers pleaded guilty and were sentenced eat h
to a fine of twenty-fiv# dollars and twenty-foci
hours’ imprisonment.
On Thursday morning Judge Spalding moved!
the Court to pass sentence on Bushneit, on the
ground that Bushneit desires to make application
to the Supreme Court ts the State of Ohio for the
writ of habeas corpus in his own behalf, that ho
may thereby be restored to hia liberty.
The J udge said he would conclude the trial of
Langston, and at its termination would sentence
Husbneli.
Literally a Hair-Breadth Escape.—A wort
man in the employment of Mr. R B. Lawton, of
Hudson, N. Y., took a notion to lay down by th i
side of the Hudson River Railroad track, on Satur
day evening, using the rail for a pillow. The spot
selected for hie couch was very near tbe place
where Rufierty was killed on Thursday. When the
half, past nine train passed up the rattling of the
cars and the bellowing of the locomotive tailed to
disturb tie sleeper irom bis dreams, and as the
train whizzed past it cut off his hair close to the
scalp! Miraculous as it may appear, the man es
caped uninjured, but his personal appearance in
slightly disfigured.
Important Postoffice Regulation—Postmas
ters to report Number of Letters.— The Postoffice
Department, with the view af obtaining accurate
and reliable information as to the number of letters,
transmuted in the mails, has so changed the blauk
form of the “account of mails sent,” as to secure
official entries therein of the number of letters s. ut
from each postoffice ; thus to ensbie the depart
ment in future to report the aggregate number of
letters mailed throughout the United States in each;
fiscal year, or daring any .specified period of shorter
duration.
The new blanks, calling for this information,
will hereafter be supplied to postmasters, and it in
presumed that all will be furnished in tune to ocm
menee this report by the let of July. Any post
master not so supplied, should insert the number in
an additional column of the hlanks now in use.