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RY W. S. JON ES.
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,r AnvaKTISBMF.iT*, ‘I rn CenU per
Dfach*, a r d KrartaL Notices
.... . ~n. Obituaries, Ten Cent. pe
MON ROE
FEMALE IMVEitm.
1855^.
-1 r * >.•* . ppf rDt organize: a,
a, 1 op, orr > uielligent public. it*
, oa. > wK ,* opinion* on educatfeu
..rolrLeh t o-trcipect Tbf* Imtltirtton
; LLNKItAL DEPARTMENTS!
‘
Y ’• •• t*Bh * *ot mgb
iii-. yilU DMPAKTMKKT inmbt-L pn
, r,-i v nq.are* for Collage, and a good t.anis
.■? i ■ •1.-f..ugh . la 1 wahip.
, mi SIC ->O*AKTM'.NT, with triad tsac! cm,
’
P cii • Hoi
\ Prti fend Flower., Crape Work,
v E-owon, KofttnPmit, Ac.
Mi-.Si'HJDKi'AKTUK T. in which , up.ls
H>-im*Biwy and Prsctica. Principle* Do
A- 1 fi;r - lwo boor* on every A u*siw , Thur*-
,
, i . Georgia ?'viu attent nto
_ ,1 . „!!,.■ ion are thorough Mhoiari and
y. |,.■ i r three of whom gnaduat and with
a ‘V. ►„ VULKNT INSTITUTION
t . !.* •#• trrt’ i .Ministers of the Go-pel of
• ‘ ‘ HOtri • H OB
■ worthy Indigent orphan*
<i y Minuter* will be boariloii from
‘lf Kronmuy. Extravagance in
u*rn. A friiptfs rtnsrtnf
.. i , c f . |3( >rt than from a-lOto t'o.
OA |td (i|.
, , on 1 Prei’t
! }. f .HAIi .1 \'ANNAULou> v:,le *
% ■Na i S Pra’iiMdKfl, Fi Tfiyth.
if )}iN t 4 :R')WI>I!K Monroe * unty.
j\s :* MNCKAHH Fowyth.
t \YLOU *’ 0., Ool|.archeo.
i . x, ; 1 Pu'bKK. Macj . Foravfh.
.1 .I*l'AK'’ ’ *,Eb.| , Matoucounty.
• AXI F <l, Kt rayib,Secretary.
F .Cl IsTV.
a 1 c SVII.KIiS, A M., Pre uuuuL
• fi 1 AS BURY. A. M.
,1:0 T \V ILiUJKN, A M
\i m'aUY A WILKES.
” /-ox'lßA OHAPPeS’
i ;,arbl B LAND.
1 *t-i to 4.VJ |,Kryer; Music, SSO; Boaid
. r.;„l wimliiOß.
~ „ ,vi n, “in on (be ITth JANUARY.
K • rill r .. .'.rmation, eddnM .my luemlicr f the
V J.I 1 “viUilAJl O. WII.KEH, Prrii’t.
iilCUAKlA’i’. ASBtTRY. Rcc'y.
I'.iriyth, Qm., Jah l.t, IKSW. I*bS
hm iiiwu ui.tim’ Tilt;
HECHAIICS’ liA Vli.
1\ •, t • of bought of the Eaaoutor of the
I , 1 (iiiew, ther are a great many articles
. i, outo j the iineofboaiueaa irMch I carry on,
it'.ill w “11 it 1 i i:< t .iiti lid to keep in future. Amongtbe
’ ‘ •,rvlV n f>K.EP WEI L AND KOROB
’ • , ,iRS Mll-i-S, STRAW OIM'TBBS,
v\l OMKS TOOLS,
C , ci SAWS MR ADS, C 8.
K ,ii pl,aß I KRINO T ROW *
lil v DRAWING KNIVES,
i'll US, KA>PA At
, , , . >•. ■ biug t buy any of the above men
’ 4 ‘ r I them cheaper than ANY
;; ,i‘ jJ r L ■ Augusta, nud for leas than was
* * l! “ if*'*’ very fine and fbliat,ckoi
MiniwMc I'm Ware ; Coob, Paiiotr and
\ { ” ‘ .. . utiD v*k r ant Rum pa, with lllotb
, . .|v, 4 iron Pitu-a and a geucial as
1 11 ,v ur’ i*lr ‘U he t* blog
au%i ‘ 1 1 the unb'e “C rcapec‘-tfully inv'ted to
‘"v M ‘ .*t a v vea that lam aolluig
I‘r 1 ‘ r ‘ ,' v J RUCK MASTER
iIUOI'M (I KID!
.... i,, te>ses to cure Dropsv of every
I t . h ~o t |i e M i’ 0 B.mil 16 uady live mi'es
. . ‘ • 4 ... poi. .i-i adA-re-tH-.i ly Jet *r to Uuiot
n v a* rte m and cine can be bent
/• .. ‘ Aro hi w.ih andi T t‘ct oi-a for giving r ; or I
v , - . .I'xr . i! requeued and pa and or cy
- ... . n*AR . mieted w vh Dropsy, oi
, , ■ . (’wpc nny pre er. n* nit to<- Tel
MILES G. BROOME.
t . v t!m tnv father had .t negre i an at
a V .1 ltsi3; be bad beu tieateu by
, i . .> e i ben auv cure, when be . pplied
a „ o - eu\ •! , vri tli cured hi’it. He
U. Champion,
re tifvtLal l had a nrgeo v ‘'man badly ai-
I O .vv■ ft.r a considerable time. SL.i wan
‘; } V";’. jarbs dava-vt
tnhd vrtt •
m iMIII \HS REWARD!
I u , n os iyH‘ .v WASHINGTON.
I” u . a.a a\ at- ml the -Jittv ox Hard* a*: Sad
, i veai >of a ,e. aud* wu attOi i- quite
.... v , ,i C fe. • and th*’ -ate next tAi it.
\n ve’-y low of sjieecU when
Y ; fhonrht that be La- a tree pass, ana
i *, tottn- reo Sia*es. The ah. ve
vn 1h- k p.a n * the aaurebeuMou. with itnof to
a> ur er of hav-i g umi hed him with
. o-in is nal-'ec npen>aUxi wdibe p tor
i v v -e aubarr:ber, or lodger n any iftil ; i
ISA AO jSLAMfi- 1- Y
a i at nty. tta . April ia. IboD. *P ll *
-KJIKRR
i-'ariucrs Haulers and Keepers of
HORSES.
y, ir Hoi aes in Good Condition. ‘
HEmX|H^||
t* ax Y virtues qCUi* celebrated iIKB
I ‘ r , •’ *-?s£ are attested by tboujast s
t is composed of Vgvtabl R- oxs
:d\ m. : nm uded tor the cure aco
1 ; . ‘ ‘"“** three dWK *to which that animal—;Lc
.• -, r a* l>i*-txaper. Drews:-
y . . , ~ o*i v ibjrard cSptw.as, Yftltow Water,
/ - ra L*iu ae- #arw^rk,iadAauiiaiiua#f iihe
; „ •■’ v Wealing e< i'leeb. Ac. li came* off all
’ i.-vcuu br-os frvia bcojmcg s'lfi or
vl. (to blood, acd improves
. rtf eonstani.y tnewng 3e
’ . -a- 1 ‘ HOHSR MK'bICINK” k ewe
..... 1-a ...hl< pro.■.-of in fiorth. la •*
. . . , i „ s I . ; .-OU e. Pal SR
, • itamaSirnofu.e Byes. It improves t*
\. .. hi- -.in: ui|MirUi a due gi***7 c ‘*
*uaivr v si* au n Powder. Ttnuefr and
• a., w i.Lv.u - liU valuable Powder
’ “ t * HFrsrrsH.
Oo'nml K 8. 0.,
FuUMB & LEITNER,
•A- ..-*. 4 .ea:.i Beta:) • r*rww. Aa*:uta Ga.
v. iTi HANKS! LAND: LANDS!!
, • , *-- v of the Ue*t 1 aatieg acu Farti
V * ’ ) liiharn Georgia isd * L^wherc,c
‘-V - ‘ acres to sci? i
*<rt TexasS bcU, with clear
* c a: Terr i, w ratesa! th©th©G©£~f®*
:IV.. 10*3~ Aagn&ta.
v- fckaeaanafc, Atcens, a:xd tfc#
ispended J>ta
•. at p&r vatu Negroes willba taken al
, i. and the east |*riwa mi-, wed.
- oi u .._ ug settleaieuU. cr making
s vl - tieLr interest to call at
0 uice. VC area l'-an&e. Qa.
JAMKSM DAVISON
Land A<ent and Real Kftia&u Broker
W’ V V
k■> ■ illlUk bo .A 4 klor tf rua,i Cat e
r. S • p *ho: * ‘be AMERICAN
j V ‘ p’l'i -tel Biocthly at !40 Ea ton
v rk Et *! l cr J*r- Spotidfc rop.w
...
V ‘•; ts >. ‘■ [V feg. V
rot- SAi.£.,
_ _ Araes f>n LA D Iyia*e<h; de of tb*
4 .> I (Vo ~ e B’ roAd nom *o oote Bonelt.
. v*h\ b a**e t cl Iratiwn, tbe ‘+mx\ der well
h-r < aon r iaer a *?ood and
J,’’.,. o(wi lbarE .so
Ci*‘ *ri k r*@* i . Kog and Plai-lation Too-* ‘axUi
IwUlMUwah.tlMVtMa. AM*" h a Mtp f
iaai wtf JSirieiU, ColomkJ cop j, On
Cgrcnttk & dentine!.
A 14-irhelar Aaonc ibe Children.
M Sbow yoor ebildfea, but do fl llivw th*m off •
Uaod Adeirr
My friend Brown haa a remarkab y !n‘ere??>D*r
faun.y t>: children, eight in number, and varying in
fc*e r rn one to fifteen. Brown and I were tjoiiege
r ihpaii. ii-, but we Lad . met since the said
Brown had entered into the biiaifu! region* of mat
i .i.ivii} , iu whor.e -CL.ny vaies we tnd bim loxuria
t;r.-r at ce •it I Lave ifie peculiar pleasure oi in
troduc - g tnu: 1.4 my hnd readers. I concluded on
my arrival *n tt-e c tythat fcoide the happy Brown
and lovr ly family, to v.fit iny old friend, tota k
over wiicge ? Mid college fun, anti ait once
iiK.-r*’ :n imagination around the immortal punch
* • I found Mr and Mrs Brown and children,
* g !t, angered in ’he pleasant duty of eating rap
per. They made no stranger of me, and I was
• ?eat and in • “ir m is:, e) ying my hominy a 3
.. r y ? ] ]e of tLeij. “I/Kk around,
my d’ .r f* w f-aid Brown, exuinngiy, ‘ia not
tr.-: -a beantifai irpec'acie •• a sight to make an o and
“O, reaiiy charming,” ian.-.aered as! surreyed
li e y<j u: g* er*, each with a large spooulul of homi
ny t- his rubotn.
“ l huk oi it, my €tts,r fc;!, ’sa.ci Br-wn, and hia
‘.liumtr be< - rr.x: truly mujes'ic, of them, yed,
nr, cigtt of them, and two of them twine.*’ ai-a be
IcHt.f : b tin • -i chair as much ut to eay, ‘’beat
“Well, it ready i- wonderful,** I repl.ed, survey
ing th* lit. e row of faces; iny cear Brown, it re
mind;’ me of Dioa‘u end JVypttOe. titty sons and
tis y duugutei'H.’* 1 turned jo Mr-*. Brown, whom l
rerns ijbt.-ed m her -ingle days as a gay, blooming
girl, and. I mut contese, a- f surveyed her pale,
care-worn taco, I rAjonewhat hesitated in my speech,
“Madam, bow pei-uTiarly nappy you must be B eur
roUL :od by to a:*,, an i interest!’ g a fern y ; your
“jew- .-.'* ait i-uinci. i a nutnber to quite an
•"Yee, ’ said irs Brown, utterly divect-d of the
eAUii..*ig manner oi lord, “‘it would ooi be q ate
eo bud il I nTi'y had a sewing i.acui e *’
” Not qu ic so Uokd !’ wbat did sue mean? and
Bo wl* fiowuedtndrgna . ly ; “women do make such
a!u<aover LUei* s> wing , ty iu* the very highest
f*Ty.e * t fern nine enjoy in i to tew lor eight lovely
cbldien; !. w acp.rations are not
bounded by buttons, long doth and tape h not
awimy ol me £name, motbe.. Eudora. my
dear, y.*u know J i.ave trequenrty !.ao o< c*- on tu
nri tuiarke to you oeu-re, ’ and it wn
ok-.*j iep j LUi . arid mortified.
/i i> wu signed deeply. My dear fellow,”
n*..d Br wu - urning to ine, “ i do not say *o bs
;nu-*c ?hty arc iniiic—l am utterly ireefromvan
i-y t u fi.ut, rCA-re-uiy children arc Hie best and
..hi -rs a tne State; you cannot CLd
La i- qua!
N . c übt, I replied earnestly, warmed into
r. = Ly ts e <• axiniu-; upeC’&cle before me.
“Y -w -rcu Brown, ‘"you are eur
* a*>f -i by a (■ ;n')i■ Ktc nos talent y*-u have ne
ver c-.n eri a a Q; that fellow,’ po.wiog to a
litr.c b-y Vs'L. -w;- wa-* *:t*e*ired With UK):tH!M,
“ tbu* lM o.v us bound to b a poet; look a* it in
nL y**, r:r; “i. hi pr< ve a Mmon.”
l he triad f 1 a.'-kwd, in cousternation.
“ ji.iii’i’ ’ I*o, . r; ice tuc wtiiceiful depth and
.A- . n J ye In eo youthful a child 1 say
*L * rcii; .rka’ 1.-—tuny wonder:ui And look at
0,-. a. w h .iid wiu’ -i-iidi y, what nobility of
. t u; * “il cLha’s is Wftbstenan —in
.. ... nvj view the liuure starusmun. This o'her
i- >y t* - lay-: wun;'...rlul g-*! i with the pencil;
you: „ as he only tive, te has, I assure you,
....d 1 ay it in no boactiLg spirit, scribbled ever
!* vva! sos this house from L*ie a'lic to the cel
n*r. To ti,” Uiipractiseu tye these mde sketches
l .tu; bki pencil un.iki and nothing more; but i
ct ,-•>. •, wonJuilul genius in these crude
•, . . ;
eVLl.lrt; i,r Wii Lfc ir. Biphael S&t’Zlo.'*
“V\liy, y drSi B-own,” I said, “the ear.y de
vclopuo nt of t/.ete Cubdren i- You
have a biiliiani luixniy, a rcaplend-. nt convention of
yoULg lolks.”
‘ Wait until after supper, ’ replied Brown, and I
w:*i A.wyou what they can do Ab, my poor fel
K.-.v,” added Brown, with sympathy, “you
b.clirlurs know nothing ol life—positively no
thing ’*
*\N- , nothing,’ I answered, submissively.
“And, let hi and, y u know uotLing of
and he elevated hn voice, “i-! i ot this childish glee
u: lightiui ? N->te how all talk, andatlta'k atoi.ee;
why, it is p h tively uproar ou?; it’s music, sir, gen
uine mucic.”
“Yea,” 1 cried out, raking my voice, as if I was
sy.a .k :ig in a wioiui, its better than oearirg Bra
hamsiLg “the Bay of Biscay, oh!* with regnrd to
noise. Blown, you are ceriamly more privileged
than lam ; you ei-joy it. to perfection.'*
“You id not anticipate,’ ssked Brown, his
dashing cl♦ l.ght, “to tin! ine so charmingly situated,
did you V*
* \\ eil, no, not exactly , 1 thought there might be
abou* four, and ■ a.f the noise.’*
“ Four,* au Brow a laughed joyfully, 4 ‘ well, I
am 1 ur ahead of your calculations; twite four, si>",
is. c.g ; -Ki.G tb* j r.r*. v superior, 1 assure you ;
here is quality as well as qu uitity ”
“0. you are rea y, really h*rtunate,’* I aaid,
grasping ll * hand of my ohi c<>!!ege friend, w.th ait
tii<* deep feeling 1 actually experienced.
“And they are hand->cme too, are they ;ot?’*
aaheu Brown.
“Handsome! why, my dearest fellow, they are
pwblively superb; each one oti ei* as a model for
an angel,” 1 repheo, partaking of Brown’s entnu
‘ And 90 good ‘* again repeated Brown.
“Baby su.utd,” 1 replied.
“Every one born without original sin,” said
)J xn ; “why my dear .Singleton, there is no trouble
m bringing up such children as these ; they are born
uii. ai.y brought up, *1 1 may explore it.”
“ Why, that is reaßy delightfull, ** i said; “it
rtftveo the parentß much trouble. Brown, you arc a
lucky man ”
‘ Lucky 1” and Brown raised his eyes to lleaveu
with an expreeuiou oi gratitude that was quite
affecting ; * but ecu e, my loves, if you have liuish
►-d supper, lei’s withdraw into the other, room, and
show Mr. buigWton w bat you can do.”
Chairs were pushed Last ily aside ; and the little
saints and angels rushed into the next apartment as
if a thousand demons wore at their heels.
“Liiu you ever see such woi derlul life and ac
tivity f” asked Brown, a- sum of the dear little
beings, iu then eiigcr;g.ss to seize on the locking
chairs, tumbled headlong tu a group on the flour.
“Truly, truly wondtiiul;” as cue young one,
“witb iui ga oi blase/’ yelled most lustily. Brown
paciti and hnu, ana the exhibition commenced. N&u
mu.; Ktti', < ;wius, opened the evening’s entertain
m, ut v iih a duet on the piano, and the strains of
“uwi j wiUi uiolaMJholy” greeted my enraptured
* Now there’s Ulent for yA)U,” said Brown, ‘*liy,
those ghls are <uly ten years old.’
“Truly wonder’ul,” t said, breatldeas with aston
ishment. .
isuaieiit. , , ..
■‘ ri.ofd ifiils t.ru dt n‘.med to tr.hke a Doi. : e iu the
world, iluveisa b.'tl'iandyin their style imsur
paned. My dears, eiitic Jour trio with yopr -later.
Now vim is wl.ht I call leslly aetoidahinjf,'’ said
llv wo a.: tbe dulcet notes swelled out on iteair;
, u , e you that i’. is riot a simple daei, but an iutil
latr trio ; did you ever hear such harmouy ’
•No, 1 never and and lam loM iu wonder.”
Several s.jir.ca were euxt ; tiien the mU6i. ial en
ter fiotnert was concluded, and, .■'.midst bursts of
applaase, the joutuf peil.irmers bt>wed their heads
to receive iviajriuary chaplets. Then the d&ucing
ooiumencea. , . i
•• Wt’ttt ({rat e—tit vary poetry ot motion, wait
pare i MroWti, as his eldest girl Uoated past us in the |
.ante. , ...
“Charming,” 1 aroaned out. as another g.rl. some- 1
what f-.t. heavily trod on my toe. The dancini; was |
at length over, and pa ,ling and red, the Uraees |
threa’ Ihemeelvesiutu chdrs, and fanned
lv While the dear creatures acre rcs'it.g aid
oooliup, I turned to It row n “What's be#oß)s ol j
Mayhcnkl’’ , . . ~ .. j
• Aii 1 ■ our oi l room mate, be replied , ‘ s r l ins
tsav.v t-u-'o 1 iiotory ,he bas pa-ed through
~ ‘. o’ .n*■!eh ,I “ ill Lit you. Come
here. Harry, to.d eprak tor th gentieman. This
b .••• i- 1 liatuiid -a J. eir t listen to his empasie
and Harry, placing oat UM ou Uis heart, an t
p. intiug at his lather w.iii ...c oUep, Oommencea,
• To bo. cr not to be, ‘bt is thc-que*i ,04
• Lao*at fit. in hi eye,” wh-peiod !*•.
■ Keumkab. was uli 1 couM say, searching f“
the bcit.
‘To die:—to sleep;—
l osleej, ‘ pwchaave to oieau. aye, there s th ‘rub.
-I've torgurteo the rest, said Harry.
“Korin that eicop of death,” repeated Srown.
stilt mt K-, “what areaau may Come. Hurry,
w ■ ee ureuitgy appeared to i. s.h what treacher-
I ore, n per. • a . hi.lt, then pans, i.. fuiu. /itown
wrut trii W ra* eoave shuffled est this mortal
coil —Most give u? pause.’’ .
I mbiao and this pane t ay to Brown, * a;.o wuat
did you say bci r.c.e oi Msybv-k f“.
• Jlv de.tr nitow,” he replied, iu a morlifiad
t,!'”. “give H irrv time to W'Hot himev.,(, lies
a lie ur orator, I assure you.” 1 preserved a
reeveetful si'.enre. H urv recommenced, and car
,l the whole sffair through triumohantly “ Brs
t, <• ,i,i Brown, e.apping him on the back
• Bravosaid I. slapping them both on the
( t Itros.i vi.“Si OTmblv th* hs.riteot.
■ x tv, Ophei-i, -how Mr. S.ne'.eton your paint
- my love.” tipheha obeyeo •* isK>k a the
of this sketch ” ea'd r>u. “there is a
w, uderful spirit in the attitude of this horse,
how natural—aud this cow, how very kfs-tija.
I k 0 ;st her, this is the cow and not tfco hors*,
and this if the horse and not the cow.’ saidOphe
iia“ Why, ves. my nerr, von are correct, of course
it is they are very life llfce indeed: but, my love,
von ’had better elongate the cow's home, that it
us a distinguishing mark ihie is
w. i.dsrt'u!. is it notf a- ked Brown, turning o. nr
l ’ “IMs indeed/’ 1 answered from tbe depths of my
v ed as* I surveyed reiDarkable spcCiniens ol
natural history the .cow to vary Use a horse, and
the oorse so very like • d>*
“Co-i- now baby, said Brown, “and W the
gentlem it. what so t can do,’ and the dear little
vie-year-vae intatl ua kis tin ra;Ue ana stook it
with the oioet as'oiusiung vigouj tor the space of
live minut. - Things bad reached a a .mex-genms
ad nultrbi a'ed ut ihc babv. It was time tor me to
go 1 cad rase. ti a charming evening . and I tuLy
tealii-d to wuat an elevated position, a- the parent
ot an interesting family and eight children, my o.d
college friend had been raised
Oil glet.-n,” said n.y iriend. when I had gme
through lie duty oi kussu g Te iltiie t nes rouDd.
and was ilupg cuu auics, • what dp youthink oi
my chuareo. are amH %orierfui * ’ The
inif snake vt tke teac %aotoOa*pui**¥i tbit l
ion. Kkrea me iuu> r<-p) ; ‘'.vary.
Hoia.ckt op<m the door, a-* l got on Uxe step, ti3
r.nue4, “aud m> they not beaßtUal*’*
“Vnr>, very,” anu I the pavsjrer’
“Aid so gooit’
“V si. 1 ciled tut. retreating speed,.y 3p the
street He claeed the door, then vpeu'uig It again,
said. “Siugieten, are they not J And echo answer
ed “not.”
Ta rH!iM —i r* tollowiag is a caicniation of
tile r-u-hai of books, verses, letters, etc., contained
in the Old and Jcw TtauienU. They are worth
reading and pres rviag;
/ I',l Teslvn<'Ht —XJ*der of books. 3*: chap
verses. 33.-11. word*. MW.489 igtters.
* The* uiiOdie book is rreverbs.
TLe middle CLapter i* Job xxix. „ u !
T’ o middle vei>e irouitl be Chronicle xx 1/, U
there were a verse more, aud verse IS if there were
a vers* isss. ... .
The wot a “ana occurs Jo.odd times.
The word “Jehovah” occurs 6 355 times.
TANARUS“ e shortse: verse is I Chronic iee i. 25.
Yh- 3iat verse of the 7th chapter oi Kin con
riles al, tire wgteisot theaphabet.
The itfth ot the 2 upuigs and the 37th chapter are
** W Tettament —Number of bock- chapters,
“6S verses. e.t<sl>; words, 181 .aSS; lettens, *S,-
‘lbs miidie book is “.Theesaionians
1 he middle chapter l- R, mare nil, If there wee a
chap'er lees ; and li> if ‘here was a charter more.
Tbs mid ifc an? less’ verse -s John XI. 3o
< rt aU Srr Totame-t —Vumoet of brt-ks
I6d chapten. 1 lv“: vtnroe,
i7‘J7 ; l*uert, 3,556 680. . .
Tf’** rnhic: cbasicr. and the least in the Bible, is
the 11.8 th HsA.n)
The middle vme i* Psalm cxvii. 8.
* Calculator.
Aaitrian DUacvantngea.
I* :k with a certain grim tkat every
iover of liberty, every friend to human progress.
enuut contemplate the conci*ion and prcsjpec* of tie
overgrown merger Aistria. who 3 e bo’dee
exnrmznz arxm Bardinian territory: a we’..-appoint
ed. disciplined a r my, capao.e oi dou.g 4XuneoM;
misch.ei. Jh♦siuiervai bttA-eu lixe first symptom
of au outbreak, and tLe passage -f the Ticteo, ha
been devoted to the most thorough preparation for
the struggle, and the Austrian army on the nret of
May was undoubtedly one of tee beo* armed and
most efficient bodies or soldiery on the ft ~e of the
‘-arh. Added to this, eh? ha the advantage of the
first move in the tame, and the benefit cf the
pfegnge belonging to an aggressive mar. The
memory of her iormer victory n the plains of Pied
mont, Li no: withou” an i. spiring effect upon ter
roeps, and if she has *occeeded T n forcing the infe
rtor army of Saidiaia into a battle, it is Lot unpro
bab.e that there Lae been a rune Lilian oi the scenes
of Novara. When thii much is said, all is said in
‘-he way of anuinerating Austria r advantages.
It is perhaps possible that the go d-will cf the
Papal States ir *y be rea’/y on the side of the inva
•rer. There has not oec-n, Any ptfblic expression of
ympatny on either side. But the tempo.al power
o: the Holy amcuaLs to just nothing at ail and
even the whole weight of the political influence of
he Roman Pontiff naigb‘ be tnrown in o the Ans
rj-ian caie without produc*rg the slightest effect
upon the rese t. Ste is- not only enormously io
debt, but tie has rocred:*. No doubt she is wil
ling ♦o borrow the sumaneeded in this emergency
at any rate of interest; but tte greater the premium
c-ffertd for the acconimouation, the le.na disposition
do capitalisie manifeet for Investment in her secu
’ffieß. The subject* of Francis Joseph are already
taxed to the extremity ot their powers ol endurance,
&nd it ia uaruly p jaeiL.e to ra:.-e the money he must
Love, w.thin the borders cf Lis own dominions by
forced ’oil?. TLe Time*, which has all along rather
taken the Austrjao side of the dispute, soonta the
idea of furnishing British inocey to carry on a war
which mii tateo against Bnueu interests, which ever
way it ends, and argues wiia its wonted ability to
prove that Aus:nao stock may be bought at even a
lower a year or two hence. In our day,
money is much more important than valor, arid no
Mate can wage a eucceisful war, when money is
warning. „
Am<.ng the best soldieis now iu the field are the
C’rca*?, Sclavss and Matyaro. and every man of
ihein nurses in cote oi Lis heart an inextiaguish
ab <- hatred of their common enslavers. It is not
prone hie that they will fiinnL n the battle, but they
ngnt b-cauce they must. If it was possible for
these men to get back to ib*-i- own province, and
to raise there the standard of revolt, not une in a
tfc ,i?a and would hesitate. Asa proof of this we
find Austria caretuly separating the disaffected
from their own neighborhood. Tne invitation to
another Hungarian inVurrecfioii cannot be heard
acres'* the Alp?, but nobody doub’s that the smoth
ered tire is still burning, and will buret into a llame
at the cal liest opportunity. The very efficiency ot
these provincial troops, in drill auu appointments,
only rr,kep them more formidable rebels if the
eba: ce for rebellion sttould offer ; while the severity
of the ctrtciplme to which they are subjco'td under
An*/ i .an officers stands in tbe place pi ;i. *t nalioua!
feehrgaf which n'ene of them are capable.
Every step of tbe march in the enemy’s territory
adds to the probability fan overwhelming defeat
ot ’he Austrian- ut the lirct pitched battle. They
will probably be sacco**fill in skirmishes, bat it is
cot i’kely that Vic*, r Emmanuel wil. offer a battle,
with the odds ho largely against him. The alow
movements ui the mvauiug army oniy gave more
tima tor France to .brow her legi ms into Italy, and
as the Au ‘rian force withdraws from the Ticiro, ,
the danger that their retreat wii! be cut off grow?
more and more imminent. Every day that a bailie
i avoided auos to the Lkeliho dole French and
Sardinian victory* The rememfcfhricea of the Cri
mea belong to the allies, and these will mere thaD
counterbalance the memory of remote Novara on
the other side. It is, however, quite possible that
tb3 invasian i- already over, and the safer
policy of a defensive attittide, witbin the borders of
been adopted. !t it* witoin the
(jower of Aiiut:iu to prolong the war almost indefi
nitely, (if she can raise money enough,) by simply
occupying tbe disputed territory until she is driven
eu*-. It wil! bo no child’s play so eject her from tbe
provinces which she has ppent forty years in lorti
Tying. But the Russian lprce spread upou her
northeaster*? frontier is a mtnace not to be disre
garded, whi*e the ‘aint lespofise to heY cunning pro
clamation about “Fa'herland** is too significant not
to bs disheartening If the war results iu nothing
else, it is tolerably certain to bring iu its train and
to leave as itß most apparent effect, great loss to
Arstri*, in mem and monoy, in ternfoty and in po
litical power and influence, “ao mote it L?.”—
Ha! Urn ore American.
Europe nntl Aincrlcn.
In the troubled htate of Europe bfir conntn’men
may learn to appreciate the blessings of their own
government, and Ibe importance their highest inter
eats of preserving inviolate the Constitution and
the Union. We are toq.APt tOQverra e “the ii's we
have” and to underrate those that happily V we
know not of.” What, those unknown ills arc, how
ever, we may form some idea from the state of
things in Ear-po. An extent of territory not to>
large, if the people were free arid intelligent, for a
singl- government, cut up into scores of indepen
dent sovereignties, with conflicting interests, sleep
less jealousies, large standing armies, heavy taxa
tion, and occasional wars, in which tbe massed have
nothing to gam and everything to loss—this L the
condition ui Europe, and this would be our own
condition, if the Un;ou of the* States were over
thrown. The immense emigration to this country
from the old world has not been prompted alone ly
the crowded state of population, and the conse
quent difficulty of obtaining the means of life. It is
becture the rewards of industry arc materially di
minished by the expeiife of supporting large tdxnd.
iug armies and costly thrones, and exposed to be
swept away at any moment by destructive wars.
It i becaiu->: the masses are Ktill vassals as com
pletely as under the feudal system, more oppressed
iu pence, equally subject to military duty in time of
war, and receiving no equivalent of law and pro
tection like the-feudal vassal received from his lord.
They here posstss tne name of freedom, but none
of its attributes, and are not only deprived them
selves of political and social equality, but have no
hope of it for their posterity. A man may be re
signed himself to a life of ill requited toil, and of
enuding subjection to despotism, if he bad the
prospect of a better destiny for hi? child. In the
cabins of the European peasantry there is no such
hope, no prospect of any fate far the Utile prattlers
about the hearth but the co'lar of the serf in peace,
and to be food for powder iu the wars of their des
potic masters. Tha wives, mothers and daughters
of these mil tary despotisms may we.l tremble at
every breath ot hostile preparation which stirs the
for tie ot Europe. Every thing of the little they have
that gives a charm to existence, is put in peril at
the first clash of arms. Every one who han read
the horrors which followed the march of hostile
armies in the time ot Napoleon, the conflagration
and sackin'’ of towns, the universal Pandemonium
of lust, rapine aud. blood, the desolated fields and
destruction ol private property, the sackcloth and
ashes which clothed ten thousand times ten thous
and bereaved households, may perceive some of
the rotiSOLS which have swelled to such gigantic
pioportioLe the exodusTrom the old world to the
new.
Hera is a country divided by a w.de ooean from
the wars ana ambitious which have rendered their
a burthen m Europe, in which industry and
itfegrity are rewarded; iu which families k may re
main in peace a: and security undei their own vine
and fig tree. Hence, there are no stronger advo
cates of tbe Union than the adopted population of
Am‘r;ca Tney have seen and felt, what we have
not, the political, social aud domestic miseries of a
I continual split up into a number of independent
g vernments, and they shudder with horror at the
ibea ot being overtaken in reelr land of refuge by
the fountain prolific of every curse that humanity
can *iiiter, from wpich tupy Lave just escaped.
A division of th . when nee com neuced,
can never stop at one divjfiou Tue spirit oi dis
j cord, the defin e ot Sfi-b.tmp, the iopl fiend of da
-1 it Agogneism, v iJlnot be exercised by their t r iumph
*u4 s if such e g averninint as this, framed
I by tuu iu*.ts r , cmnpiete human consecrated
[ by tut most fcxa ted virtue and sei sacrifice, hal
lowed by V ■ ; in patriot blood, illustrated by the
meat glorious deeds of heroism, crowned by the
grandest victories of battle and tbe most brilliant
nchi vemenU of human progress, securing to every
man poli'ical equality, rivil and religious liberty,
universal peace and pr sperity, if such a govern
?• cot sue mbs to the corruption and salfrs mesa cf
V.vngk uivture. what can we exi col of the petty po
litical that will be built upon its ruins 1
What can we ioog. Y? ;ts jtnauy separate em
piics as Euro{.-*, with large < armies, fie-
wars, htavy taxes, and the univerea.l
aattoo and misery of our posterity ?— Rick. Dis ft.
The Vi nr asa iue Drumml lor Breads lull Me
The Bconotnist. alluding to the rapid rise iu tbe
->riiw .1 hreadstulis owing to the war, -ptoulates as
i bows upon the protaoiedemaijd upon this couuiry
for f. supply -
Among BM.UiHI.OW)of people, tne of 000,(100
men. that is one out of 130, more oi‘ iess or
dinary cceupations will have but little iatluonce
upon production, and no more upon consumption
than viU be caused by waste, hat they actually
It: ae -o'.diei. is less thau what th-y get at home.
A urge portion of uieee a-a uiigrs fr >o* the cit es,
nuciuEaroj- ~.c labor.oi fhgulpi to
toe long wars ot lot net ag-e, ,s custctnari.y pe? * |
f ,r.: ed by females No conscript is taken h,.te ,
Lit labor is ueccs ary to his family. The mere
movement oi llie men ,sot no couiuiei'uial impor
tacee Where their operation-extend over alarms
agricultural surface, they, however, aesir, y and
prevent agriculture, and iu so far cause a demand
from ou-er -uartere. It this is condned to Northeru
Italy, while ati m, ordinary sources of supply are
undisturbed, the comma*mat -ffeot of the war will
hardly be felt. There never was a mo.e propitious
moment for w ar, iban now, since mpe of ah so/i in
Europe are abundant, capital and money abundant
and cheap, and enterprise not recovered from the
pan in of laoß, . _ . , , .
This is a very ‘iiffereut state ot affaire from what
existed when ts s Etnsmu war t.nk place. Tt -re
was tnen a failure of everyum-g Western E.
rope. Wheat iu England, had touched gigs. In
France the vinea. siAwoiins, lcod, and o'her crops,
were a i short, and money was very dear. Lr.der
the.. tmc,. Jis; >nces the exports of produce fromt he
Ldited btales would -ave been quite as large had
there been no war al all. The event did no’ add to
tbe demand in any degree. Its influence wse telt
omy in the manutaclur.ng towns of k*ugian-i. in e
scarcity oi labor: whence a large portion of tbe new
troope were drawn. The armament of the w*r,
however, caused a great decline in government
funds, uuder anticipation of large loans
The migration a! men and capital to the Tn’.ted
States during the Crimean war, aud saies.o: pro
duce to Europe were certainly large, but those cir
cumstances were not due to the war—they were
the result of short crops in Europe, which drove
forth great numbers, and called tor large imports to
sustain tuosS wno emained. Those circumstances
are not now to opt.aAs, east for a year to come.
If in that time the war sbonld recose General, in
volving strife between England and irranee their
see ; c would disturb the ocean, instead of keeping
it open and England wot la be thrown upon the
United hi*UU tor those supplier she now draws
from France.
Bold xst> FcRTCvaTI Escapi—Among ma
victim® destined to the recent sacrifice at Tarabaya,
Mexico was rue Coi. Amdillado, whose bold and
successtui leap for ins hie is worthy of record Col
AriodiUado, as we are informed by one who had it
from an eye-witness, was already m the hands of
the who. ciwu up in a iiß®. were about
directing their it him. when he cried aloud,
fie to he kfeard no,; ) L s , t y i^erg ’ ut
by ate* at a ance,
ment ; 1 kv<• a a reveiatron for t— e
erai in-Cai *i. r
The tone of voice in wlitefc Uii announcement
was made aeemed bo earaeet and that u
made inet&nt impiescion upon the officer m
mtnfi who a* once auspended the execution. No
woooer. however, weie the guns lowered tnan the
bold man. his Umba now free, leaped from tne
midst l£ the crrflc. cleared a slight enclosure,
ki,ieking down two soldiers in his way. plunged
inio adeep ravine, and, notwithstanding several
to, -v random shots from the party be so nncere
mcmas'v left, made good h escape wita his hte-
A. O. Pte.
Statceo t Couwodobx Psbrt. —A year ago tne
citlxene of Clevetiaad urn taking measures to erect
a statue of tke hero of Lake Erie, m a beautiful
at overiooks the lake. The work is nowrn
Drogrssss tbe marble being ready and contracts
made, rile whole to cost the sum ot six thousand
doiiare, and to be ready for inauguration on the
10th of beptsmber, 1860.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 1, 18.59.
Tke Three War Chiefs of Europe.
The follow ing brief sketch ol the three sovereigns
of Europe, and chiefs in tbe present European war,
we copy, with the exception of some slight altera
tions, ;rcm the Philadelphia Press.
rnxcjfi Joseph, emperor of Austria.
Francis Josepc Charles. Emperor of Austrai,
whe bom August 18th, 1830. His uncle, Ferdinand
J , abdicated on December ” 1849. and this young
gentiem&u ascended the throne, as next heir. The
Emperor commenced his reign by issuing a
proclamation to bis subjects, fuii of promises. Un
der his rule, Au9Lria was to have freedom and a
.cocetitntionai government—the monarchy wax to
oe reiormed—tne people were to Lave equality ot
government, on the basis of true liberty, and on the
baiia of their equal participation in the representa
km a*Td legislation. Scarcely was his signature
dry on thte and cumeut, woen he closed the national
representative assembly met at Kremaier, cancell
ed the ancient oonsilation of Hungary, substituting
anew charter being a ce&d letter, was with
drawn in eighteen months ; called on the aid of the
ate Emperor of Russia to crush all vitality of Free
dom in Hungary, and, under Redetzky, suppress
ed ail attempts at liberty in Lombardy and
V enice.
He made his ministers accountable, not to the
law, but pereouallv to himself. Some few conces
-uons fie appeared to make to the masses, but, in
Auftttiao. Italy, his wiii is supreme, and in Austria
he has eubstit ited hie own personal command for
:he wholesome restrictions of tbe law. He bae
maintained an immense army, even in time of the
greatest peace at a cost so vast tfiat the national
resources have been greatly injured. Loan after
oan, each at milieus rates, have kept Austria in
difficulties, and under a great weight of taxation
His latest financial meatu.e, since the war with
&*rtiinia counnei ced, was to suspend the payment
of specie by the Bank of Austria, and to create ficti
itoUft money by the issue of assignats. In 1854, he
look part with France aud England against Russia.
Ever since hia accession to the throne, he has
treated his Italian subjects with great tyranny. In
their discontent, they looked fur aid to free Sardi
nia, end the appeal, which has once more made
France a combatant on Italian eoil, ana will pro
bably drive the Austrians out ot Italy, has to, be
deoided now by force of arms. Francis Joseph is
said to be well informed, bold, echeming, and un
scrupulous. In April, 1854, he was married to a
Bavarian Princess. In the private relations of life,
his conduct is said always to have been high y
moral and exemplary.
VICTOR KMMANLEL, KING OF SARDINIA.
Victor Emmanuel 11. was born March 14,1820. —
His mother was an Austrian princess, and his fath
er was the late King Charles Albert. Brought up
under clerical instruction, Victor Emmanuel, then
beating the title of Dake of Savoy Vent largely
into society, bore a commission in the army, and
was well known aa a keen lover ot field sports Iu
181*2, be married the Archduchess Adelaide, of
Austria, since dead. When the French Revolution
of 1848 cautecl political commotion in Italy, the
Pope actually taking the lead as apolitical regene
lator, Kiug Charles Albert raised trie b*Dii< r of
Piedmont, and, a tew days after the Austrians
were driven out of Milan, proclaimed the war of
ltalian ludependei.ee. Ail through tbe campaign
vvnioh followed, Victor Emmanuel spiritedly fought
by his father s side, and greatly distinguished bun
sen, on March *24, 1849, in the battle of Novarra,
when the Sardinian army was defeated. That very
evening Charles Albert abdicated, and Victor Em
maiiuei became King of Sardinia—which kingdom
.ealty includes not onJy the island of Sardinia, but
a.sy Piedmont, Savoy, the Lomelli ia, and Genoa,
all in Ita'y. Charles Albert retired to Portugal,
where he died soon after.
Little was expected from Victor Emmanuel. His
subjects rather distrusted him, aud, for a time, he
had to encounter many internal difficulties. Aus
tria offered him tbe Duchy of Parma, if he would
repudiate the Constitution, to which he had sworn,
with h s lather, in February, 1849, but he refused
the bribe fGenoa proclaimed a Provisional Govern
ment Against him, but he speedily put down the
Kmucte. After the beginning of 1850, wheu the
Sardinian Parliament tardily ratified the peace
with Austria, public confidence began to rely on
tbe wisdom, patriotism, and boldness of the King.
He broke with Rome, asserting the national inde
pendence of his kingdom in temporal matters, and
may be said to have become independent of the
Papal See, in spiritual matters alto. In January.
1855, he formed that alliance with Franoe and Eng
land, against Russia, which led to his Binding a
Sardinian army to the Crimea. At the close of the
war he visited France and England, and was
received in both countries. In the Congress at
Paris, to aejust the terms of Peace, after the Cri
mean War, Austria strongly objected to Sardinia
being represented there by a Miuister. This was
overruled, on the ground that having iought,
Sardinia had earned a right to have a voice on the
terms of peace. Victor Emmanuel, a bold and
dashing soldier commands in pel son curing the
pressnt campaign.
LOUIS NAPOLEON, EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH.
Biographical particulars relating to Napoleon 111
are so well known by newspaper readers, that it
seems nearly superfluous to give any here. Louis
Napoleon, bdrn at the Tuilleries, in Paris, April
2ftrb, 1808, was second son of Louis Bonaparte,
King ot Holland, and Hortense only
daughter of the Empress Josephine. After the fall
of Napoleon I, the Bonaparte fami’y had to live out
oi France. Louis Napoleon, with his elder brother
and mother, lived in Switzerland when the Revolu
tion of July placed Louis Phillippe on the throne of
France. In the following year, Louis Napoleon
and his brother went to Italy, where both took part
in an insurrection at Rome. The brother died the
same year. From 1832 to 1835, Louis Napoleon,
who by the death of his cousin', the King ot Rome,
had become head of the Napoleon family, devoted
himself to study and produced several works, po
litical anl military. His “Manuel sur 1 Artillerie”
has been highly spoken of by military men, and we
believe that it is now used as a text-book at West
Point.
In 183 ft, took place Louis Napoleon's unsuccess
ful attempt to get up a revolution at Strasbourg.—
He \fras sent out of the country, and was recalled
from the United States by the alarming state of his
mothei’s health. In 1838, being driven out of Switz
erland, on the demand of Louis Philippe, he went to
reside in London. Iu 1839 he published Des ldees
Sapol tenues, a tine translation of which line just
been issued by the Appleton’s, at New York. In
fB4O he made that unsuccessful descent upou Bou
logne, wbi h‘consigned him, a political pr.saner, to
tbe Fortress of Ham. In 184 ft he eecaped to Eug
lar.d, where he remained until tbe Hevolutiou of
1818 recel ed him to Frauce, anp goon placed him in
the.Preeidefttial chair there. On December ti, 1851,
in consequence of a knowledge that his opponents
meditated a heavy blow at his authority, he exe
cuted the coup d'etat, grbioh overthrew the Nation
al Assembly, and caused bis election, first as Presi
dent for ten years, and next as Emperor, with suc
cession in liis family. He was proclaimed Emperor
on December 2, 1852, and immediately after mar
ried Eugenie, Countess de Teba. Uis recognition
as Emperor was immediate on the part of the
United States and England, and rather tardy by the
German States. In 1858 he entered into au alliance
with England, Austria, and Sardinia against Russia,
which resulted in 1854 in the Crimean war aud the
defeat of Russia. Allied with Sardinia, he now
makes war against Austria, according to his own
solemn declaration, as the Champion of Italian In
dependence.
The Expected Jrisbt m Jlnrengo.
We yesterday alluded to the probability suggest
ed by tbe Loudon Times, that anew battle likely
to ba decisive of the fate ol Jtaly.for many years to
come would be tought on the world rpuowned
plains of Marengo. From the proximity of the con
tending hosts, and the certainty that the Austrians
are making Aliessandria the main object of their
movements, this probability is acquiring sirength
at each successive development. Should matters
turn out as anticipated, it seems that the new battle
wiU be attended by tbe singular circumstance of
an entire reversal of the ground occupied by the
contending forces, and that Austria will hold the
position formerly held by France, while France
will stand upon that portion of the field on which
were formerly mustered the forces of Austria. —
This resuits from the fact that the hosts approach
each other in the reverse direction in which they
formerly approached, and that France holds Germs,
and Alessandria now, whereas on tbe former occa
sion they were held by Austria., while Austria is
now in possession o: Lombardy, whence her troops
are to come, whereas Frauce invaded tbe southern
portion of Sardinia from Lombardy in 1800.
In 1800, whil the Austrians were engaged in the
siege of Genoa, the First Consul Bonaparte crossed
the Alps by the Great St. Bernard, marched down
the valley of Aosta, took possession of Turin,pushed
on across the Ticino, seized Milan, overran the
whole of Lombardy, and all ot Sardinia thet lies
north of the Po, almost without resistance, the
Austrian a. my being engaged in the seige of
Genoa, and the demobstraticn against the -outh of
FraLCe by way of Nice. Having secured tneee
great advantages, the First Consul immediately
turned his lac - southward, being resolved to save
Genoa if he could, or, it he could not, to entrap and
destr >y the Austrian army upon the plains of South
ern Piedmont He crossed the Po at Belgiojoso, aud
tasked forward a strong detachment under Lannes,
W d"eupy the famouß pas® of Stradelia, between
which and the Po the road which led from Genoa
to Lombardy, Snd thcrice to Austria, passed. He
knew that tbe Austrians, whether they succeeded
in capturing Genoa, or were compelled to fa.se the
...ege, in c.'3=r to coifje in pursuit of him, wogld be
Mfcngcq to'muvo alpirg that roqd, for there was npne
other practicable dyer tbe mountains, and he saw
that a strong dkacbment stationed there would bar
lie passage. He wag not deceived in his caioula
uous. , ,
The Austrians took Genoa, and turned instan
taneously upon the force that had gained their rear,
and cut them off from their base of operations.
They came to Alessandria, at that time one of their
garrisons, reinforced the troops stationed there, and
pushed forward by the road along the Po, in order
to ~in one of their towns lrwer down, where they
might urous qysr to Lombardy. They found the
route barred at the SiradeUi by Lannes, who drove
them back to Alessandria after'defeat-ng them at
Montebello, a village which lies just at the western
opening of the pass. The First Consul arriving a
few days after, the whole army marched due west,
fowarcs Alessandria, in pursuit of the Austrians
wbtfhad retired behind that fortress On the morn
ing of the’ 14th June, ifihil, th®y baaed from that
city, crossed the Bonnlda, which washes it. eastern
side, and attached the French army, which was ty
ing on the eastern bank of that river. The battle
i of Marengo was then fonght. On this oocasion the
French faced west, the Austrians east.
Genoa hidng new the basis, of the french opera-
Loes, as it was the basis of the Austrian operations
in 1800. and Allessandria being one of their fort
resses low, as it was an Austrian fortress at that
time, if the Anetrians croes the river at Casale, and
other places above it, the battle will take place to
the west of it, and not on the field of Marengo, al
though in its neighborhood. If, on the contrary,
they retrace their steps, return to Lombardy, cross
the Po below Alessandria, pass the Stradella, and
march upon that fortress, it seems more than prob
able that the battle will be fought on the very same
ground. Li that case, the Frerch will come from
; Alexandria, a® the Austrian® (lid before, and the
! Avstrians wifi come from the banks of the gcrivia
’ as the French then did. Their positions will thus
be reversed
Marengo is a little village, not important enough
•’have been put down on any map. until the bat
j* made i: frpmortal. It lay on the left of the
French line, whose .igh. rusted -m Castle Ce
riolo It was the point from wtich the French com
meneed their famous pivot retreat, Castle Ceriolo
on the right, being the pivot. The men at this point
stood firm, and all the rest of the army turned upon
it, as a door turna upon a hinge, until, from being
on their right flank, they had brought the Po on
their rear. In this position, their left then rested
on Sac Juiiano. wear© it was reiutorcad by DOB&LX,
came up from Novi. Tnis pivot movement is
one oi the m, t famous military operations recorded
Ih history.—Aul itiP
Detictikg pHoTu*itC!<rt fT,RFIITIW ' —
A reliable means of detecting photograph counter
feit bank notes—-and the most of tne counterfeit
note# in circulation are photographs —is the apph
cation of cyanide of potattium. which msy be pur
chased at a tnfimg cost of anj druggist, and can
be kept in a small wide-mouthed bottle. If a bill
is suspected, wet slightly any printed portion of it.
aud touch it with a piece of cyanide. If it should
be a photograph tbe paper wul turn white, and, in
tact, the surface of tne whole nete can be made
wtnie by this process. If the note is not photo
graphed, this operation has no effect.
A Scssr SmiLl.—S'oney Smith said of Lady
Murray's mother, who had and most benevolent coun
tenance, that her smile was so very radiant that it
woold force a gooseberry bush into flower I
We cannot all of us be beautiful; but the plea
saataess ot a good humored look is denied to none.
Wines vs. Intemperance.
Mr. James O. Putnam, a cit zen cf Buffalo, New
York, writes from Spain to tbe Buffalo Adverti**er
an interesting letter in regard 10 the drinking habits
of the people. His observations go to confirm the
statement often made that Ihe people of the nine
growing countries, who use wioe aa an ordinary
drink at their tables, seldom fall into habits cf in
temperance. There is matter for serious thought
m such facts as these :
“A few cents every where boy a bottle of wine ;
its use is universal, there is uev era meal without
it. What is the effect of this abundance aud this
universal use upon the habits f the people ? J
can only answer that I have sought the most intelli
gent sources of information and have had but ooe
reply, and that has been confirmed bv my own
observation, which has not been uninquisitive, that
drunkenness ia not a vice or the country ; that
excessive driuking cf intoxicating liquors ia r.ot its
habit; that, while there are exceptional cases, as
a nation it is one of sobriety. It is not true that
there is no drunkenness, but it is rare , not habitual
even in individuals, and is not felt as a public evil.
Nor ia it true that the winea drunk in great excess
wiii not intoxicate. You will think my curiosity a
little impertinent, but I have visited hospitals both
in Portugal and Spain, and inquired of their physi
cians if they ever bad cases of delririum tremens,
that scourge which in our Ouun’ry opens the gate
way to death to so many gi/ted anti noble natures,
and their univtr.-ial repiy has been that it was a
disease unknown to the country. Private practi
tionera told me the same thing. During the three
months I have spent in Spain I have seen but a
single instance of intoxication ; this whs on a ‘bull
fight’ day at Grenada
‘•Another thing I have observed : there ia iu
Spam no constaut dram-driuking. First let me say
that the hotele in this country have no bars or
saloons. The loungers, aud the country swarms
with them, visit the catee and club-houses. The
hotels are as quiet as a private dwelling. But if
you were to visit those evening resort? of tbe people
to eee their life you might find them all drinking,
but most of them would be drinking nothing strong
er than coflee or lemonade, without spirits of any
sort. Not to particularize any further, I will give
you a single experience ; it ia a representative
lact, and therefore more siguiti^uV.
“I made tbe passage on the Bereuger. a Spanish
steamer, ‘from Cadiz to Havana—a voyage of
twenty days. There were >my four first cabin
and fifty-seven second cabin paseagera, among
them a half dozen young army < fficers on their wy
to their regiments in Havana. There Were but
eight or ten ladies, and all ih* passengers, but
two, Spaniards. There was no bar or saloon or
any thing answering to them on the steamer, nor ia
thereon any of the Spanish ateameia. The com
mon wine ot the country was furnished as pait of
the breakfast and dinner, of which all drai.k, but
very moderately, aud, so far ks I observed, of
nothing else. The only exceptions were a French
man and Spaniard who bad spent his days in Eng
land. I never saw a passenger drinkiug spirits of
ofaDysort. with these two exceptions, aud
not to excess, except at their meals There could
hardly have been more sobriety ot conduct if it had
been a body ot delegates to a temperance conven
tion. It was so novel a steamboat experience to
me that on my arrival at Havana I the stew
ard what amount ol liquors of a 1 worts bad been
sold during the voyage. Aud what result do you
suppose the examination ot his books gave us I It
revealed au aggregate sale of sixteen bottles o:
brandy and twenty four bottles of extra wii.es to
the whole one hundred and eleven passengeis, all
told, during the entire voyage of twenty days.—
Every evening would find fi.teeu or twenty pas
sengers playing the usual ste mboat games, but
without spirits of any sort to drink I think a score
of men pasting three hours an eveniug iu those
steamboat amusements, with do beverage but ta
and coffee, ieaspectable you must go beyond the
States to see. I was so impressed with this, to me
entirely new observation in steamboat life, that I
inquired of the commanding offit r if this sobriety
were usual. He assured me it wt*3, remarking that
tbe Spaniard was a very moderate drinker of the
stronger liquors, but that men. women, and chil
dren drank the wines of their country at three
meals.”
Return of Pike’s Peak Emigrants.
Correspondence of the Missouri Democrat.
St. Joseph, (Mo.) May 15,1850.
The steamers latan and William Campbell ar
rived to-day from Omaha with over a hundred dis
contented Pike’s Peak emigrants. They bring
deplorable accounts of mining piospects and repoit
terrible suffering and pri^vat inn on the plains. It is
estimated that twenty thousand men have their
backs turned upon the mines be'ueen here and
Fort Kearny who will reach the Missouri river
towns within a fortnight. Most of tl.em are desti
tute of money and tbe necessar.es of life, and are
made reckless and desperate by reason of their
desolate condition. Two thousand inc-n are report
ed at Plum creek, fifty miles w st of Omaha, in a
starving condition, and considerable excitement
exists ail along the river from here to Omaha. This
is without doubt the advance detachment of the
immense returning throng wLieh has crowded tbe
Missouri river towns the .ast two months on their
western weary way, and before the expiration of a
week we shall be overrun with returning emigrants.
In this city there ri no fear of violence, but some ot
the upper smaller towns may suffer iqjury at the
hands of the destitute and hungry men.
It will be remembered that these men have not
been to the mines, and some of them not even to
Fort Kearny. Their information comes from se
cond parties, and not from positive knowledge.—
The last accounts from the mines, received here
from parties known in St. Joseph, are quite favora
bie, and miners who have been at Denver through
the winter are not only returning, but have sent
for their friends to come on and leave their business
here a* best they can, but to leave it any how.—
Some of those on the way are determined to push
on in spite of the panic which seems to have taken
the larger portion of the eufgrants like a whirlwind.
Just as the Campbell was leaving Rulo (Nebrarku)
a man was reported to have arrived direct from
the mines with the news that Denver city had been
burnt. I cannot say whether this is a fresh rumor
or the old one re told.
Terrific Fight in a Mail Gar —Last eveLiug
we learned the particulars of one of the most daring
attempts to rob the mails ever attempted in this
country, and which came near being successful.
The Western aud Southern Mails which let New
York Wednesday evening last, by way of N. Y. &
E. Railroad, were in charge of Mr. Keck, through
Mail Agent from New York to Cincinnati. About
11 o’clock at night, when running over the Dela
ware Division, near Elmira, Mr. Keck lay down on
the mail bags to sleep, the door being partially
open. After dosing a short time he felt a drop of
something like water fall upon his cheek, and
opening his eyes drowsily he was startled by the
spectacle of a burley looking man standing over
him with a sponge which was alierwards found to
oontain chiorofonn, in one hand, and a revolver in
tbeotber. Seizing the arm whiobtield Iherevclver,
with a Budden grasp, Mr Keck closed in with the
robber, and then followed a inostdesperate combat.
Tbe agent is a large, robust and powerful man, and
he represents bis antagonist as a in in of uncommon
physical strength aud endurance Imagine fi r one
moment the scene, A man in the mail car of an
Express train, in the dead of night, the noise of the
wheels effectually preveniug any outcry he might
make being heard, and thus unable to obtain aid or
assistance from any quarter, struggling alone for bis
life with a desperado with whom the combat seemed
alike one of iile and death.
Mr. Kook succeeded in wrestling the pistol from
bis antagonist, when the latter attempted tp strike
him with a pair of brass knuckles with which he
was provided. ‘The straggle lasted for full twenty
minutes, the train meannhite being under full head
way, .when Mr. Keck succeeded In catching hold
of the belt cord and giving .t a strong pull The
robber then made desperate efforts to break away
from the Agent, and before the speed of the train
had slacked very much he succeeded iu doing so,
and sprang out of the door. The train was stopped
as soon as possible, and backed to the spot where
tbe robber made the leap, which was down an em
bankment lUO feet high. Although the Sand bore
traces of his descent,stili n, thing could be found oi
the desperado It was a fearful leap, and the
Agent s .iu his escape from death was nothing sliert
of a miracle.
Mr. Keck passed through Cleveland last even
ipg, and having had no opportunity of clisnging
his eiothts. he showed all the evidences of the se
vere conflict he had passed through He war
bloody from head to foot, aud bote sanguinary cuts
and bruisr? on bis person. Lie has the spoDge, re
volver, and overcoat of the robber, which he will
retain as mementos of the most exciting event of
his life He can only account lor the preseoce of
the robber in the car in the following manner : He
says they received at New York two separate ioads
ot mail bags, and thinks the fellow got in and se
creted himself in the car after the arrival of the first
lead. It was several hours before Mr. Keck r.cov
ered from the effects f tbe chloriforui — Clece/and
National Democrat, May US.
Foreign Immigration —The tide of emigration
from the old world hae, of late, greatly swollen, an and
one of its moet striking features is the lerg.-ly in
creased Dumber of Englishmen aud Scotchmen,
whose emigrating countrymen have, until reo* utiy,
preferred Australia and Canada to the {Tinted
States, but who now alrnos. outnumber the Irish,
who have always given tbe preference to this coun
try. The tide of emigration from Germany has re
ceivtfi anew iqipetus from the wars and rumors of
war in Europe. With two billions three millions fit
unimproved lands, there is no dinger that a arge
immigration, even continued for many years, will
uncomfortably crowd the country.
The immigration to the United States has of late
years been valuable in the addition of money, as
well as labor which it brings. The German emi
grants alone bring eleven millions of dollars to this
country annually. The Irish emigrants, from 1847
to 1850, contributed towards the support of the emi
grant poor of New York $3,464,187, and in Balti
more $60,000 has been paid by foreign immigrants
in less than six years for the support of the city
almshouaee. The English and Scotch immigration
embraces a class in no way inferior to those who
have already found shelter in this broad and hos
pitable land. The Scotchman is proverbially in
dustrious, econom cal and thrifty The English can
scarcely be called foreigners. They are our own
race and blood; a nation, like our own, of freedom
and of law ; indeed, all the freedom and law we
have which are likely to last, we received from
England. The English are blood of our blood and
bone op our b, ue . it is not more than a man'* life
time . ; ince we belonged to the saiii ß national family;
and forgetting tbe past, we hope to see both sitting
in peace and harmony under the same Republican
vine and fig tree.— Rich Day
Lying in Bed.—No piece of indolence hurts the
health more tban the modem custom of lying abed
too long in a morning. Tbis is the general prac
tice in great towns. The inhabitants of citiee sel
dom rise before eight or nine o'clock -. but the
morning is undoubtedly the best time tor exercise,
while the stomach is empty and the body refreehed
with sleep. Besides, the morning air braces and
strengthens the nerves, and in some measure an
swers the purposes of a cold bath. Let any one
wbo hae been accustomed to lie in bed till eight or
nine o’clock, rise by six or seven, spend a couple of
hours in walking, riding, or any active diversion
without doers, and he will find his spirits cheeriul
and serene throughout the day. his appetite keen,
and his body braced and strengthened. Custom
soon renders early rising agreeable, and nothing
contributes more to tbe preservation of health. Tfc.
inactive are -nntinu&Uy coinpiaininj of pain., etc.
These complaints, which pave the way to many oth
ers, are not to be removed by medicines ; they can
only be cured by a vigorous course of exercise, to
which indeed they seldom fail to yield. It eocsiets
with observation, that all very old men have been
early risers. This is the only circumstance attend
ing longevity to which we never knew an excep
tion.
New Style Envelope.— The propriety of adopt
ing an improved style in the preparation of s’amped
nvelopes, is being considered by the Postmaster
General The envelopes spoken of. and which are
iUst coizucg into use are so prepared that ’ 1 .ack
lines on the inside of the back of the onveiope, and
invisible from without, become patent on the front
when the envelope is pressed, and serve as ruled
lmes to guide the superscription. The additional
expertise of these envelopes, which are gotten np
in superior style, is trifling, and their convenience
has recommended them to the attention of the De
partment.
Family Poisoned.—ln West Winstead, Ct., on
Thnrecay last, a gentleman and bie wife called upon
a family by tbe name of Wakefield, and- ‘ay ed to
tea, and in making biscuit for tea, arsenic, by mis
take, was used instead of cream of tartar. Tbe
family, together with the visitors, partoook freely
of tbe hot biscuit. It is doubtful whether they eur
vive.
Kednriion of the Legislature.
The press of the State generally, and a few
popular meetings, have heartily seconded the pro
position that a material reduction of the number
of members cf the L s gisiature of Georgia is a re
form urgen iy demanded But there is a contrari
ety of opinion in regard to the mode of effecting
this desirable which threatens to prove a
serious obstacle to it consummation.
We have heretofore expressed our own hearty
concurrence in this proposed reform, and have
urged considerations which seem to demand it. In
reference to the basis upon which it should be car
ried out, we think that these two main propositions
should oe kept pr.m.uen;iy iu view :
Ist. ihe representative shonid be elected by and
act for the snai/est number of pe.-ple consistent
with a due regard tor economy, so as to preserve
the American idea or direct accountability to an
immediate and limited constituency.
2d. Equality of numbers, si far as practicable,
should be rigidly ana impartially observed in mak
ing the apportionment.
The first of these propositions i * inconsistent
with a suggestion made by some o. the papers in
reference to the Senate, viz. : that the sixteen Ju
dicial Circuits of the Slate elect each three or four
Senators, one to be chosen at every annual or
biennial election and to serve for three or four see
e:ons. 1 his would not limit the constituency of
each Senator, and make him a representative of
local interests, tote extent which we tbink desira
ble. The number of Senators for the whole State
which it proposes—say 48 or ft4—we think about
right aud convenient. But, according to our idea,
it would be much better to divide the State into 48
or C 4 distinct Senatorial districts aud let each one
choose its own Senator if thought best, this need
not prevent each Senator being elected for a term
of several sessions, and still having one third or oce
fourth of ihe elections s o b> held every year or two.
Instead of ft,ooo voters eleciirg four Seuatois, our
proposition is tLiat every 1,500 voters in the State
elect one Senator, which would better accord with
the republican system of sepal a: e constituencies
and liaiied representation.
Our second proposition is inconsistent with the
suggestion that the House of Representatives shall
ooi?s at >f one member from each county. In our
opinion this suggestion is odious in its inequallity
aud unfairness, it would give two or turee hun
dred voters in same coun iee as much political power
as two thousand in some others. This is neither
democratic nor tairly republican. The incidents of
peculiar county organization should never be per
mitted to overthrow the great principle of popular
equality upon which alone our institutions can se
curely r-sr. We know that a proposition to deprive
lb:* very small counties cf their exclusive and pecu
liar Representatives iu tue Legislature will be
objectionable to many of the people of those coun
ties ; but we confess that we can not conceive of
any just auu fair system of ieduction which does
not embrace me joining of the email counties in the
formation of representative districts. Much as we
regard county riguta, we regard the great principle
ol popular eq lad y wore Tue evil Las arisan from
ihe utUKipiut&iiou of counties —lr.un the unwise
organization o* coiui:i*M embracing very limited
populations, lb la always been aocorued at tub
solicitation of the people of the new count,e* them
solves, nd thus ihey have voluntarily assumed an
independent relation, which, if inconsistent with the
gf-nurai good oi the S ate and incongruous with the
desirable scheme of separate couury representation,
ihcy may be cabed upon to surrender without
peculiar imrdship. Ado her thing cugtit to bo con
aidereu : It each county ;s to have a separate
Representative, wi bout regaid to its population
this tact will stimulate Ihe mniuf<ruew counties.
Counties having a voting papulation ot one tuous
and will c .Delude that they in iy a*? wed divide and
in crease their political power two or three forid, in
asmuch as adjoiniug counties voting only two or
three hundred strong can a; vayj balance them as
long as they remain one county of one thousand
voters. Thus the great evil, which is the uain
cause of our preetut excessive;y large legislature,
will be aggrivated by any system which does not
respeot equality of numbers —Columbus Enquirer.
Mr. YVm. O’Brien’s Advice.
People who open new stores aud advertise for
custom generally give notice that they wil! receive
the smallest favors thankfully. After they grow a
little, and their transactions assume a wholesale
character, the invitation to small customers is tacit
ly withdrawn. Merchants who sell only by the
package, do not have ligie to flourish the yard
stick, and the once \a’uab!e small favois are a
bore. 8o wi:k nations that have grown to a re
epeotab.e uzi end whose affairs are sufficiently
important to core m ud i lie attention ol the world.
The informal on aud auvi .-e and lectures, that
might have been Vd uab! to hem in their infancy,
are not so highly esteemed, especially when coming
from au outsider. If a nation happens to have a
superabundance ot itif. riiers and advisers aud
lecturers within its own borders—so many in fact,
that the emigration of the gieat bulk of them would
be a national blearing—it can hardly be expected
that eo cheap a commodity as advice will always
be aa accept ible as it might be in a time of scarcity.
For all theeß reasons, Mr. William Smith O’Brien
will please excuse us if we veuture to tell him that
we can manage our own affairs without his advice
or assistance.
There are two< r three pleas which may be enter
ed iu extenuation of ur rudeness iu rejecting Mr.
O’Brien’s small favor. It has pleased the people of
Massachusetts to pass a law, regulating the affairs
ot tlier own commonwealth. Whether they have
made a mistake or not, is nobody’s business, out
side of their own boundary lines If His Excellency,
the Governor of New York, or Uis Excellency, the
President ot the United States .should undertake to
read them a lecture on the subject, there is no doubt
that the lecture would be received very ungra
cious y, simply because these high and mighty
personages have nothing to do with tbe. matter. It
is the meddling impertinence of Abolitionists, that
is so offensive to southern men. Nobody with a
grain ot sense, fears any positive injury, that these
ullraista can inflict; but their impudent interfe
rence wdth the rights and immunities of a distant
Stale, although confined to inflammable speeches,
naturally arouses the ire of those who know the
t-peukers to be entirely powerless, as well as some
what insane. Suppose Mr. William Smith O’Brien
feels it his “bounden duty” to visit Charleston’
Mobile and New Orleans, and deliver lectures
against slavery 1 It he ausweisthecallof duty, we
can safely promiseJbim a warm reception.
There is another offers've element in‘this gra
tuitous Rctunng, which is the intolerable arro
gance betiayed by the lecturer, it appears to be
quite sufficient, in his estimation, for him to an
nounce his opinion. “ 1 know not wlmt may be
tiie feelings “of the people whom I nowaddress,”
lie says; but that is a matter of the least impor
tance. With a solemnity that le positively ludi
crous, he informs his audience that Massachusetts
ia a used up State. Since his deliverance we
have been locking (ia vain) for some indication
of a desire to avoid the deetru.tion on the part
of the State authorities but they are evidently
given ever to judicial blindness, or are objects of
a fool-dardy attachment to their own opinions.
Mr. O’Brien had belter retire from the country
wi h ineffable disgust and write a book.
The modesty that ever accompanies “ true great
ness” should have taught Mr. O'Brien that he was
acting very ungracefully when he undertook to reg
ulate the affairs of a community in which he was a
guest. It is not possible, even to modern politics,
to get an invitation from any Atnerioau Souiety to
whom such a speech would be acceptable from Mr.
O Buen It is the doctrine of the “light of eearch”
in a modified form. No American ever crossed the
Austrian frontier without feeling that the custom
house regulations were not ouly ‘ detrimental to the
“interests” os the empire, but also a positive per
sonal nuisance. But we may saiely say no Ameri
can ever bad enough of that inetai of which brass
ornaments are made to deliver his sentiments to
the first public assembly he found in Austria.—
Several years ago a New York politcian addressed
a meeting in Virginia, and in the course of bis
speech he “regretted that he had not been born in
“the Old Dominion” When he returned to his
native State, aud appeared at some political gather
ing in his own neighborhood, an ill-natured com
petitor suggested th-1 “as the gentleman could not
at tins late day have bis desire, and be born in
Virginia, whose institutions he admired, the best
thing he could do would onto migrate thither.”—
Can Mr: O Krieu ap, Jy the principle involved in the
suggestion ?— Baltimore American.
Southern CcmmebcislConventiob.— Atthe late
Southern Com .aerial Convention, held at Vicks
burg eight States only, out of the fifteen States of
the South, were represented. There war a good
deal of apsech making, and the usual amount of
social enjoyment, but nothing dene, unless we.may
consider the Slave Trade reviv-d, by the vote of
the Convention o that effect. The noticeable fea
ture of the debates was a speech from Glen. Foote,
formerly United States Senator from Mississippi,
end at present connected with no political patty,
pitching into the slave traders with a vast amount
of vim and ability.
The Northern papeis, which have always treated
these Commercial Conventions with ridicule, do not
Vouchsafe much notice of any kind to the recent
session. The reason the North does not fear these
are< mbiages ie because its own experience, as well
as that of all commercial communities, proves that
commerce is not created by resolutions and
speeches of lawyers and politicians, amt because it
has. every day, every week, and every month of
the year the spectacle before.its own eyes of these
same a juthern gentleman, who compose the South
ern Commercial Conventions, sending to the North
for the supply of their own wants, buying the furni
ture of their houses and their agricultural imple
roen's there, sending their children to the North f>r
education, and going there themselves every sum
mer, to spend their m ney at Northern wateiing
places, and cool off their ardent patriotism with
Northern ices.
As to the Slave Trade, its revival will depend in
no degree upon the resolutions of a Commercial Con
vention, which we are inclined to think would kill,
instead of nourishing, that or any other branch of
■commerce. But, if the South needs labor, it will
come to it from some quarter, Convention or no
Convention, probably through the agency of enter
prising New England abolitionists, who, though
opposed to Slavery and Siave Trading in the ab
stract, can never permit afcstractionsto fleet their
pockets.— Rick.. Disp
Judge Wilson.—The New }*ork Tribune and
other incendiary sheets of the country are emptying
their vials of wrath upon the head of Judge Wit
son, cf the United States district Court for North
ern Cjhio, because beds inflexibly performing his
duty in the case of the Oberiin slave rescuers. The
Tribune declares that “he appears to have had an
yuny and eager apnetite for negro hunting,” which,
if it means mat he has always maintained the rights
of the South under the Constitution, is ail true, and
is a well deserved compliment, instead of a re
proach. A Cleveland correspondent, himself one
of that noble band of Northern men who have
never swerved in their loyaity to the Constitution,
writes us “Y'ou have doubtless read with some in
terest the reports of the ‘Fugitive Trials’ in the U.
S Court, before Judge Wiisod and ,t will gratify
you to know that the ii*?s af the Union “have been
enforced with a firm ana steady hand, with fairness,
justice and and gmty. The hordes of fanatics howl
like satan when ejected from Paradise, they lie,
abuse and threaten, but its no use; law-abiding,
conservative, patriotic citizens have more weight,
if they are not more numerous, and their threats “of
violence fall harmless to the ground.”— Rich. Disp.
pHiLosotH* of Li„ht Digestion.— in a dieiie
point of view, it would be wed for weak stomachs
to remember that wild birds are more nutritioue
than their domesticated cousins, ana more aigeeti
ble. But the white breast or wing of a chicken is
less heating than the flesh of winged game. Other
game—suen as venison, which is uark colored, and
contains a large proportion of fibrin—produces
high.y stimulating chyle . ana consequently, the
digestion is an easy and rapid affair tor the stomach’
But though the whiter meats be detained longer
in the sfoma- h, tarnish less stimulating ctyl6, and
be seffared to tun into sect to us fermentation, tfcei
lesser itimuiatbg quality may recommend them
when the general system is not in want of a spur.
Meats are wholesome, or otherwise, less with refer
ence to themselves than to the consumer. ‘To as
sert a thing to be wholesome,” says VonSweiten,
“ without a knowledge oi the condition of the per
son for whom it is intended, is like a sailor pro
nouncing the wind to be fair without knowing to
what port the vessel is b >Und —Dr. Doran
EcR&fEAN Travel— Going asd Coming—Not
withstanding th- genera l stampede of Euglish and
American raveilers from Italy homeward, the rush
from this side would seem to be undiminieked The
two steamers that left here on Saturday, went out
full; and the Persia, to sail on Wednesday for Liv
erpool, will probably be quite aa crowded.— New
York Expreit.
ASieryaboutn Kiss.
We have frequently noticed that the staideet old
maids have the most Liberal notions of kissing.
Frederika Bremer, with a simplicity and geniality
eminently Christiain, has ever a gentle word foi the
impulsive lover, if his heart L honest. We find this
little story in liar last book :
“Certainly, you have observed how strangely,
eometimee, the clouds at morning or evening, group
themselves around the sun. and are lighted up by
it, and you have thought sometimes : ‘ft this should
be represented in painting people would eay, it is
unnatural, it is untrue.’ So even in human life.
We often find events, looking, when related or de
scribed .n books, unnatural, aud yet they are per
fectly true in reality to nature, it any oue should
teii tnat, once, a first ki s was given by a modest
young lady, publicly, and in a public square, to a
young man she saw for the first tune, certainly all
young ladies ana old ladies, aud young gentlemen
and old gentlemen, would with one voice cry out,
‘li is not true, it is impossible,’ Well, I entreat
your attention to the following little story, for whose
truth aud reality I.wiil be responsible.
“In the university of Upsala, in Bweden, lived a
young student—a lonely youth, with a great love
lor studies, but without means for pursuing them.
He was poor, and without connections, btill he
studied, living in great poverty, but keeping a
cheerful heart, aud trying not to look at the tutura
which looked so grimly at him. Hie good humor
aud good qualities made him beloved by his young
comrades. Once he was standing with some of
them in the great square of Upsala, pratiDg away
an hour cf leisure, when the attention of the young
men became arrested by a very young and elegant
lady, who at the side of au elderly one, walked
siowiy over the place. It was the daughter of the
Governor of Upland, living in the city, and the
lady wita her was her governess. She wat’ gener
ally known for her beauty and for her goodness aud
gentleness of character; and was looted upou with
great admiration by the students. As the young
men now stood silently looking gazing at her, as she
paeseu on like a graceful vision, oue of them ex
claimed : —Well, it would be worth something to
have a kiss from such a mouth !’ The poor young
student, the hero of our story, who was looking in
tently on that pure and ange.ic face, exclaimed, as
if by inspiration, “Well, I mink I could have it.'—
‘What!’ cried his trieuds m chorus, ‘are you crazy !
Do you know her,’ etc. ‘Not at all,’ he answered ;
‘but I think she would kiss me, just now, it 1 asked
her.’ What in this place, beiore all our eyes /’ In
this place, beiore your eyes.’ * ‘Freely V ‘Freely.’
Well, it she will give you a kiss iu that manner, I
will give you a thousand dollars!’ exclaimed oue
of the party. ‘Ana 1 !’• ‘And I!’ cried three or iour
others, for it so happened that several rich young
men were iu the group, aud ihe bets ran high on so
mprobable an event, and tue challenge waa made
auu received in less lime than we take to relate it.
“Om hero—my authority tells us not whether he
was haucicome or plain—l have my peculiar reasons
for believing that he was rather plaiu. but singu
larly good looking—our htro immediately w alked
touneet the \ouuglady. He bowed tuber aud
eaid, ‘My lady, (mmtroleen,) my fortune is in your
hand.’ She looked at him in astonishment, but ar
rested her step.-*. He ptoeecded to state his name
ana condition, ins aspirations, aud related truiy aud
timply what had just passed between him aua ins
companions. The young lady listened attentively,
aud when he had ceased to speak, she said blushing,
hut with great sweetness : ‘if by so little a thing so
much can be effected, it would be foolish m ine to
refuse your request,’ and she kissed me young man
publicly in the open square.
‘ Next day the young student was sent tor by the
Governor. He wanted to see the young man who
dared to ask a kiss ol his daughter in tha way, and
whom she had ciuseuted to kiss so. lie received
him with a severe and scrutinizing bro w, but after
au hour’s conversation was so pleased with
im, that he offered him to dine at his table during
his studies at Upsala.
“Our young student now pursued his studies in a
manner which soon made him regarded as the most
promising scholar at the university. Three years
w'ere not passed after the day of the first kiss, when
the young man was allowed to give a second oue to
the lovely daughter of the Governor as to hie in
tended bride
“He became, later, one of the greatest scholars
in Sweden, as much respected for his learning as
tor hia character. His works will endure forever
among the works of science, and from this happy
union sprung a family well known in Sweden in
the present day, aud whose wealth of fortune aud
high position in society are regarded as small
things, compared with the wealth of goodness and
love.”
Buying Unclaimed Baggage.— A late New
York letter says :—“An occurrence took place last
week, iu this city, that caused no little merriment,
and any amount ot chagrin. I reter to an auction
sale of uncalled for packages, by the Adams
Express Company. The company having been es
tablished here a t umber of years,a large collection
of packages had accumulated, and removing into a
new office, the agent was desirous of clearing out.
Accordingly, a goodly stock was advertised to be
sold at auction, of large boxes, trunks, carpet bags,
email packages, &c., as originally received, unopen
ed and contents unknown. Avery large crowd
gathered, aud the bidding was very animated, as it
wae the first sell of the kind tha f had taken place.
As the bidders became possessors the excitement
grew intense, and a rush would be made expecting
to see the owner open his parcel. In most instances
the buyer would hold on aud keep the satisfaction
of his bargain to himself; but occasionally an open
ing would occur, either to create a good laugh or
dissatisfaction among the crowd. Oue of the first
to make known his purchase was a party who had
a small package niceiy sealed, which, on opening
it, proved to be a small gold watch and chain, for
which he paid fbur dollars and a half. This was a
perfect stool , for all similar packages were run up to
almost incredible amounts. * After a hot contest, a
parcel similar in size was purchased by a gentleman
for sl3 50, who with eagerness opened it, exposing
to the crowd a small daguerreotype of a sentimen
tal young gent, which originally cost about fifty
cents. Two mysterious pack a ea were sold at
seven dollars and fifty cents each, whicu, on being
opened, contained each two bottles of Dr. James,
whose sands of life have nearly run out, and many
more even more ludicrous bargains. One party ex
pended something over one hundred dollars, obtain
ing for it about four dollars in value, aud I am told
he has sued the firm for restoration.”
Does the Moon Affect the Weather?—lt
has always been a favorite prejudice that the weath
er is influenced in some mysterious manner by the
moon. The moon can be supposed lo act on the
earth only iu one of three ways, namely: by the
light which it reflects, by its attraction, or by an
emanation of some unknown kind. Now, the light
of the moon does not amount to the one hundred
thousandth part of that ot ihe sun, and the heat it
excites ia so small as to be altogether inappreciable
by the most delicate instruments, or the best devised
experiments. No effect can be attributed, there
fore, tc the moon’s light. With regard to the at
traction of the moon, we see its influence on the
atmosphere ; but when there is taken into account
the small specific gravity of atmospheric air in
comparison with water, aud the consequent small
ness of the mass of matter to be acted upou, it is
readily perceived that this influence must also be
extremely feeble. As to the remaining supposition,
that the moon may act on the atmosphere by some
obecure emanation, it is sufficient proof to the con
trary, that no meteoroiigical observations that have
yet been made afford the slightest traces of any
such connection between the .ear h and its satellite.
What, we have Gained in Time —The mag
netic telegraph ij a great institution, and the fact is
mi st trikingly manifested by comparing the time
in different era neceeeary to spread intelligence.
During the war in the Spanish peninsular,. it took
weeks and mouths for intelligence from the seat of
war to reach England, and even France. The bat
tle of Balen had been fought, and an army unnihi
lated in the heart of Spain, one month before any
thing was known of the fact in Madrid, and two
months before it was known in London. In the
present Italian campaign, the cheek the Austrians
received at Frassinetto, on the lid of May, was
published in the London papers of the 6th, and in all
the cities of the Umted States on the 19 h inst. It
tabes considerably less time now to spread the n
telligence of important events entirely over two
continents, that it did, half a century ago, for intel
ligence to travel from one boundary” to the other of
the smallest European State.
Bricks that will float used to be made years ago,
but the art has been lost ti.l recentiy. A Monsieur
Fabroni has, it is said, discovered their composi
tion, which is said to bo fifty five parts of siliceous
earth, fifteenof magnesia, fourteen of water, twelve
ot alumina, three of lime, and one of iron. They
are infusible, and will float in water though one
twentieth part of common clay be added to them.
They resist water, unite perfectly with lime, and
are subject to no change from heat or cold. They
are nearly as strong aa common brick, though only
about me sixth as heavy or considerably lighter
than water. They are such poor conductors ot
heat that one end may be heated red hot while the
other end ia held in the hand. —Exchange paper.
The Duke of Leeds.— This British nobleman,
whose death was announcad in the foreign news,
married Lady Hervey, the widow of Sir Felton
Hervey Bart., and third daughter of Richard Ca
ton, of Baltimore, Md. The Duke of Leeds, be
sides marrying an American woman, had large
amounts invested in American securities. He was
married in 1828, and succeeded his father in the
Dukedom in the year 1838, His titles, besides
Duke of Leeds and Marquis of Carmarthen, were
Earl Dauby, Viscount Latimer, Viscount Os
borne, Baron Conyers, Baron Osborne, and an
Euglish Baron. He had no children, and is suc
ceeded in his titles by Lord Godolpbin, his cou
sin. It is rather remarkable that the three sisters
who married the Duke of Leeds, the Marquis
Wellesley, and Lord Stafford, had no offspring.
The elder, the Marchioness of Wellesley, died a
few years since, and her two sisters, the Duchess
of Leeds and the Baronness Stafford, are now do
wagers. Theße ladies were renowned for their per
sonal beauty, and they were all widows when they
married their noble husbands. Their niece. Miss
McTavish, married a brother of the Earl of Car
lisle.
Condition of the U. S. Treasure. —lt is sta
ted that the receipts cf the United States Treasury,
for some weeks past, have been equal to its current
expenditure, the amount of means on hand being
but siighlly less than the last loan, aa far as issued.
According to the States, the Secretary anticipates’
a surplus of teD millions of dollars on the Ist Juiy,
the opering of the new fisca 1 year Tnere is yet
unissued, of the loan of 1838, $ 1,500,1100. The trea
sury has redeemed $4,500,000 of treasury notes,
which it has the power to re-issue, and the balance
of cash in hand, by the last return, was nearly SB,
000,000. Making a total amount of availably
means of $14,000,000.
Another Battle it Maben&o.— The battle of
Marengo, gained by the first consul Bonaparte, 10th
of June, 1800, was fought upon a plain lying be
tween the rivers Scetvia ana Bormida, in eight of
the city of Alessandria From the movements of
the hostile troops, the London Times thinks it likely
that another battle will be fought—probably has al
ready been fought—upon the same ground. On the
former occasion tne French were 28,000 strong and
the Austrians a- out 40.000. The battle new ex
pected will be far ;poTe ibrmiuaole with respect to
tee number; engaged, it is probable that each
side will count at least 150,000 men ! Both parties
are brave, disciplined and animated by the most
deadly animosity. The slaughter, of course, where
such multitudes contend, will be fearful.
SqUATTER Sovereignty. —From the stand taken
by toe Democracy in the penning contest in Ken
tucky. as well as various other signs of the times,
we feel warranted in predicting that the Charleston
Convention will openly embrace the Squatter
sovereignty doctrines of Senator Douglas, as the
only means of uniting the scattered fragm-ntsef
the spoils party. We doubt very capitally wheth
er there is a Democratic paper in this State that
will now dr.-e denour.ee this mischievous heresy,
although the most of them have, in times past, in
dignantly repudiated it. They now see that it is to
be made a tet question, and rather than relinquish
the ti-eh po's they will gulp it down greedily.—
Athene Watchman
Sad. —We learn that Mr. Vick, who was killed in
the dnel l-y Mr. Stith a few days ago, was to have
been married this week to a love y and wealthy
girl, living on Deer Creek, Mississippi. We have
I been informed that the young lady accompanied
by her mother, visited our city a short time since,
and purchased from a store no Canal street a mag
nificent bridal trousseau Alas lif such is the case,
how suddenly have the brightest expectations aDd
most joyful anticipations been dashed to theground !
N. O. Delta.
VOL. LXXIII.— NEW SERIES VOL. XXIII. NO. 22.
From Mexico, California, &©•
The steamship Coatzaeoalecs, of the Tehuantepec
Transit line, arrived at New Orleans on Saturday,
21st, with California news to May st:b, and later
news from Mexico and the Isthmus.” The Picayune
gives the following summary :
The connecting steamer on the Pacific side, the
Golden Age. took down to Panama 1,200 passen
gers. and $1,500.000 and upwaids, in treasure, on
freight ffir New York.
Tne Orizaba from San Francisco for Panama
took down 700 passengers, but no treasure.
The Britieh-s!oop-of-war Alert, with $2 500,000
of Mexican specie on board, arrived at Acapulco
on the 12th from Mazatlan and San Bias, and left
for Panama the same day.
Affairs on the Jlsthmus.- An American citi
zen, name unknown, was shot at Tehuantepec
last week by the native guard—whether by design
or accidentally, is not stated.
An American wedding was celebrated on board
the steamship Coatzacoalcos. while in the ports of
Minatitian, Capt. Wilson kindly volunteering the
use of her spacious saloons for the occasion. The
ceremony was performed by the Hon A C Alien,
U S. Consul, the Padre refusing, on account of
both parties being Americans and Protestants.
The ceremony was graced by the presence ot the
Hon Robt. M. McLane, U. S Minister to Mexico,
who also witnessed the signing of the marriage
contract.
The Hon. Robt. M. McLane. U. S. Minister to
Mexicco, left Vera Cruz the 9th inst., the day after
the Tennessee sailed, on board the U. S steam
sloop of war Brooklyn, Capt. Farragut, ior Tampi
co, on au official vi3it to the Consul at tl.at port.
He was a co npanied by his private secretaiy Mr.
Elgee. Mr McLane remained two days at Tampi
co. aud then proceeded down the coast to Minatit
ian, for the purpose of communicating with the
Coatzacoalcos which brought official despatches
for the State Department. He left Minatitian on
his return to \ r era Cruz on the lfith, and would
again communicate with the Government by the
Tenunessee.
PROGRESS OF THE CIVII. WAR IN MEXlCO.—Ad
viced from Vera Cruz are to tbe 11th test, and Tam
pico to the 12th, brought down to the Idthmue by
the U. S. sloop-of-war Brooklyn.
No event of much importance has taken place
since the Tennessee left on the Bth.
General Kobles w*a still at Jalaps, which he was
fortifying, and both roads leading to the capital
were likewise in the hands of the Church party.
Ainpudia was stili also in the interior watching
Ruble’s movements, but from the scarcity of pro
visions was compelled to hold his men in detached
equadrouß, and was consequently inoapabie of or
gttniziug for the present any effective movement on
Jalap a.
The troops which were sent from Vera Cruz to
reinforce him had proceeded only as far as the
National Bridge (Puente National) wKen they heard
of his destitute condition. There they halted, ‘hey
themselves being deficient in supplies,and the main
boay still remained there at last accounts, though
many have returned to the city.
Degollado was etiil at Morelia, whence he had
issued a proclamation to the Liberal army
throughout the lie üblic, commanding the imme
diate execution ot every “officer’ taken in arms
agamst the Constitutional G vernmeut, in retal
iation of the atrocities committed by Mtr&mon,
Marquez and Mejia at Tacubaya.
The civil war, however, makes but little pro
gress. The wbolo country is more or lees desti
tute ot provisions, and money everywhere want
ing. Neither party had other means than their
credit, for carrying on the war, and on that no
money could be raided. Nor is there belter pros
pect iur tie future On accouut of the war au
dits, periodical ravages and the consequent un
certainty of property, there was no
to cultivate the soil, and m ail pans of the Re
public the richest haciendas were lying idle.
Affairs at the city ot Mexico are in statu quo,
and the news of the defeat of the reactiouis s, un
der Gen. Mejia, is fully confirmed by intelligence
thence received. The engagement took place near
Guanajnato. Gen. M. was acounpaui* and by Gen
Woll, and they were marching on San Luis Potosi
at the time. The Liberal forces were under com
mand of Zuazua and Zaragoza, of the army of the
North. The route was complete, but the General
escaped.
So soon as this disastrous affair became known,
Gen. Marquez, who bad left the eity on a campaign
against Degollado, and had proceeded on his way
as tar as Toluca, was reoalled, and ordered at once
to join ilia forces to those of Mejia.
The special correspondence of the Picayune , da
ted Tehuantepec, May 15. says :
‘•Passengers by the Oregon report here that, Gen.
Walker was on board the Orizaba, with three hun
dred men. She arrived at Acapulco a day before
the Oregon sailed ; nobody saw him, but they all
assert that he was there.
“I have myself heard nothing from California,
but it is certain Walker has left San Francisco for
some point South.
From California. —Without any striking point,
the news is generally of a very gratifying character.
“Day after day,” says the Alta, “adds additional
proof to the gratifying fact that California is per
fectly adequate to supply her own wante. Whether
we look to the produce of agriculture, mining, com
merce or manufacture, the result is equally honora
ble to our own capacities.”
The spring business has now fairly begun, and, as
compared with the past, everything is life and ac
tivity. The interior trade promises now to be very
heavy and profitable.
The mining news still continues of the most fa
vorable character. Every where health is good,
business prosperous and the yield large and steady.
It is believed the products of the mines the pre
sent year will be larger than ever known before.
The shipments since the first of January already
add up nearly $15,000,000. The shipments of the
month, ending to-day, amount to $5,400,000 and
upwards.
Mouey rules active for the out going steamer,
and for loans the rates still continue at 1 1-2 to 2 per
cent, a month.
No event of great importance has transpired in
the political world since the last mail, but the two
great parlies are vigorous.y marshaling for the
coming elections.
Value of a Bit of Knowledge. —The following
good story illustrates the value of a bit of practi
cal information, applied at the right time :
In the piazza before St. Peter’s at Rome, stands
the moet beautiful obelisk in the world. It was
brought from the cirous of Nero, where it had lain
buried for many ages It was one entire piece of
Egyptian marble, 72 feet high, 12 feet square at the
base and 8 feet pquare at the top, and it is com
puted to weigh above 470 tons, and it is supposed
to be 3000 years old. Much engineering skill was
required to remove and erect this piece of art; and
the celebrated architect, Domimeo Foutane, was
selected and engaged by Pope Sextus V. to carry
out the operation, A pedestal 30 feet high, was
built for its reception, and the obelisk brought to
its babe. Many were the ingenious cont ivances
prepared for the raising of it to its last resting place,
all of which excited the deepest interest among the
people. At length everything was in readiness,
aud a day appointed tor the gr at event. A great
multitude assembled to witness the ceremony ; and
the Pope afraid that the clamor Ot the people might
distract the attention of the architect, issued an
edict containing regulations to be kept, and impo
sing the severest penalties on any one who should
during the lifting of the gigantic stone, utter a sin
gle word.
Amidst suppressed excitement of feelings and
breathless yilence the splendid monument whs
gradually raised to within a few inches of the t p
of the pedestal, when its upward motion ceased ;
it hung suspended, and could not be got further;
the takie was too slack, and there seemed to be
no other way than to undo tbe great work already
acoompl shed The annoyed architect, in his per
plexity, Hardly knew how to act. while the ei.ent
people were anxiously watching every motion of
liis features to discover how the problem would
be solved. In th.e crowd was an old Britieh s-ii -
or, who saw the difficulty aud how to overcome
it, and with stentorian lungs he &Lo ted, “Wet
the ropes!” The vigilant police pounced on the
cuiprit and lodged him in prison; tne architect I
caught the magic word. he put his pr position in I
force, and the cheers of toe peop e proelai ed the *
success of tho great undertaking. Next day the
Britieh criminal was solemnly arraigned before his
Holiness, his crime was undeniably proved, and
tbe F pe ifi solemn language pronounced h>s sen
tenoe to be—that he should receive a pension
annually duiing his lifetime.
These iiltle facts stored up from observation
can never do the owner any harm, and may some
day be of great utility ; aud this story ou;y proves
tbe value of remembering small things a.i well as
great ones, foi nothing that is ueelui is too insig
nificant for man to know, and there is no knowl
edge that has not its use.
The Success of Rarey.— Mr Karev, after per
forming before the royal family at Berhn, has gone
on to St. Petersburg, where his hands have been
kept quite full. On the 10th, he gave a performance
before the Emperor and his fami y and two of his
brothers, besides several princes and princesses
The first subject wa* a horse who had kicked his
box to pieces and killed his groom, and Mr Rarey
exhibited him after a few days training ad obedient
as a circus horse, and ready to obey orders, which
were given him from the other tw os the riding
school. The second was a wild, unbroken, entire
horse, from the steppes of Rmaia, and he, too, was
completely subdued in ho ehort a time that tbe
Emperor not only publicly expressed hie gratifica
tion, but ordered a report to be published in the
papers. The Illustrated London News says that
Mr Rarey has finally concluded arrangements with
the Horse Guards to teach the British Cavalry, and
returns for that purpose to London on the Ist of
June.
Political. —The Kentucky and Ohio organs of
the Administration quarrel. The Louisville Cou
rier, for example, speaks of the Cincinnati En
quirer as “ an in-idious sheet, owned and edited
by a Northern Abolition wolf in Southern Demo
cratic sheep’s clothing,” and says that “ its Black
Republican editor, now disguised as a Democrat,
on the 15th of February, 1847, voted in Congress
with the notorious Abolitionist, Joshua R. Gid
dinge, for the odious Wiimot Proviso.”
A good deal of bitter feeling exists in Kentucky
among promi ent Democrats. The organ of Mr.
Boyd (the veteran Democratic candidate for Lieu
tenant Governor,) published at bis own residence,
in Paducah, has cone out in a fierce onslaught up
on all who take ground in favor of non-interven
tion, and does not even beeitato to hint harshly at
Vice President Breckinridge.
Loi-a Mostez Converted.— The famous dan
sense is creating anew sensation She is astonish
teg the world by becoming a decent woman, at leant
outwardly, and has even gone so far as to profess
‘conversion.” She is said to have settled down in
a highly exemplary manner in her own domicil in
Piccadilly, London, having amassed a sufficient
Hum to purchase and pay for a house, which is now
the receptacle and center of a large Dumber of
weahy and pious enthusiasts of London mate and
female. Among her moet and intimate
visitors iz Mrs formerly an actress,
who familiarly known as Laura Bell, and was
about as notorious as Lola herself About the
time that she turned from the ► rror of her ways she
won tbe heart of the rich commoner. She married
him, and is now a bright and shining light in Exeter
Hall. It wa a she who wa*- the principal instrument
in bringing about Lola’s “change of heart ’ It is
said that Mrs. Thistlewaite daily drives ber cL*riot
with four milk white horses attached, through tbe
streets of London, on misesioDs zf mercy and reli
gious teachings.
What is Shoddy ?—The first time we ever hap
pened to see the above mysterious lock ng wo*d,
wan a tew days since, in our telegraphic despatches,
wherein it stated that a “ manufactory
had b**en burned. An article on forks'ire, in the
Westminster Review, ior April, explains this cu
rious word it says: “Not the leas* impor
tant of the manufacturing towns in Ba’ley, tkecbjqj
Hratof that GREAT LATTER DAY STAPLE of
ianrt— Shoddy. This is the famous rag capi al
—the tatter metropolis, whither every beggar in
Europe eeDda his cast-off eiotbes to be made into
sham broadcloth for cheap gentility. Os motb-
I eaten coat . frouzy jack era, reechy line i, effusive
i ootton, and old worsted st- r kings th’S is the last
I destination Reduced to filament aDd greany pulp
by mighty tooth cylinders, t e much vtxed fabrics
re-enter l'fe in the most brilliant forms—from solid
pilot cltb to silky mohair, and glo**iest tweed
I Thus he tad ooa* rejected by th- Irish peasant—
tbe geb-rdne. too toui for the Polish beggar— are
turHtd again to shiny uses, re appear-ng it m y be, j
in the lustrums pa etot ot the *p rting dandy, th
delicate riding habit pf ‘te Be graviau bet - „
sad sleek garment of htr cqpl**- . o,r tbe
I reader, if “ Shoddy._„or.” Such, oh
.~,uinge.
Price of C’oiton and Slaves.
The high price attained by Southern labor has
had muc l ’ to do with the de ire lately expressed to
increase its supply bv foreign importations. With
abundance of wild lands oi unexampled fertility,
which might apparently be the source of almott
fabulous wealth if the power existed to place them
at once under cotton cultivation, the meat direct,
method of increasing the prosperity and pow<-r of
the South, is, by a few, supposed to be to re-opeu
our ports to the introduction of freßh immigration,
forced or voluntary, from the coasts ot Africa
But the present value ot slaves is not without a
precedent, and is no evidence that our labor fails
short of our present necessity. In 1&15, the de
mand for slave at the South commenced palpably
to increase, and under its stimulus, which had its
origin in an extraordinary price for coitop, sales
were made that, for advantage to the seller, are
even now scarcely equalled. Tho emigration of
blacks from Virginia and other northern s ave
Spates to the regit.^of cotton aud sugar culture
was rapid, and the amount of virgin soil suddenly
converted into fruitful harvest fields was unexam
pled The cotton crop rose in a single year hun
dreds of thousands of bales, and without any addi
tion to the stock of uegroes, except by the ordinary
increase of that species of population, prices
ultimately fell.
Great anu growing as was the demand, the sup
ply of cotton began to exceed it, aud commercial
disaster following, the South suddenly found itself
on the verge ot bankruptcy. Cotton, which brought
twenty-four cents in 1836, in 1841 Bod but little
above six ; aud negroes, which, in the tormer year,
readily commanded from twelve to fifteen huudred
and two thousand dollars, could, in the latter, have
been purchased for seven and eight hundred.
No law is more certainly ascertained than that
the price of negroes is, aud must always be, govern
ed by the price of cottou. It must fluctuate with
the fluctuations of our great staples But who
dreams mat cottou is to command, year otter year,
the figures which have been realized, the post and
present season ? If the stock with which the man
ufacturing world is to be supplied, receive no addi
tioLsfrom other quarters, will not product! *n. un
der existing circumstances, grow in thste Uuited
Slates with such extraordinary rapidity that a sur
plus will soon remain unsold, or change hands ai
dimiuibbod rates ? Even now the stock is such that
cue unusually large crop promised to exert some
influence on the price, had no convulsion been pro
duced in Europe by ambition and misrule. But
the slightest change in the value of oui great staple
will be felt upou ou labor.
The cotton S'ales dictate the value of the negro
in Virginia, Maryland. Kentucky aud Missouri In
C.ea ed profits iruin planting in the lower Miscie
s ppi valley, create a demand for *• lave labor, nuu
this deina M increases its price. But the increase
oi labor uis j euJarges the production oi the great
stapie of the South, which, having attained a eei
taiu pomr, is uecreat-ed in value, tffectiug a reduc
tion ot the line ot profits and of the price oi the labor
itself. Any convulsion among the nations, sub
nacting from -her power tomauulacture, lowers
tne point at which tbe t-upply of cotton passes the
demand, auu hastens the time of decrease hi the
profits of cotton culture, aud consequently in the
value of siaves.
Tbouoauus of hands arc in the cotton field- 1 tc •
Gay that never before saw the ootton plant Thou
sands of acres will this year notwiuißUuQing the
loss by Rood , whiten w ith harvests, that tor tho
first umeliave been stimulated aim production. If
no uuiow *rd circumstances happen, and no -Lange
is witnessed in tbe policy of the planting interest
the stimulus already giveu to cotton culture win
eud, at nw distant period, in * b reduction of the
price ot cotton and a corresponding oecrease in tho
value ot negroes
the fact that an extraordinary price has been
attained by negro properry, so fur trom logically
creating the desiru to pour into the ootton fj.ti ts
i houHHnds of raw ’hands from Al ice, at on>d awa
ken a prudent caution against the effect of a p<wi>
ole revulsion in the profits of our great staple Ex
perience has taught that planters are tempted by
unusual returns from their harvests to devote their
whole attention to ibe growth of cotton, neglecting
to raise even their necessary plantation supplies.
Each year of extraordinary prosperity adds to tbe
strength of the inducement to r-pend every energy
on one single crop, and increases the desire to en
ter the market for anew supply of labor, even at
the must extravagant ates aud ufc the hazard of a
debt, dangerous should the prices of ootton fall.
Who, that witnessed he ruin thar gradually set
tled down over the South from 1839 io 1841, does
not remember the sad spectacle of deßerted planta
tions—lands that had laughed with fatness covered
with rank weeds and relapsing into a wild—which
followed tho broken fortunes of thousands, who, a
short time previous, believed cottou could not again
decline aud negro property was cheap at the
highest prices demanded? With the experience
of those years of misfortune, corroborated by a
similar preceding state of affairs, in 1825, is not a
lit.le caution wise at the present time ?
We have the mean', by the emigration of slaves
from the Northern slave States to the cotton region
to effect an o ver production of our great staple ;
should we then seek to hasten such event by im
portation from abroad, if it were even practicably
of hundreds of thou? mds of negroes, a year, at a
mere nommal price ?
With our domestic labor, just as it now Brands,
the prosperity of the South i* with the greatest ocr
taiuty assured, by encouraging a greater diversity
of employments Each planter will improve h:s
condition by producing everything which he con
sumes, and the community would beau hundred
fold enriched by the establishment of manufacturing
industry in close contiguity to the cotton fields, not
only producing at home the fabrics we consume, but
exporting the manufactured article instead ot the
raw material.
The belief that the present price of slaves is to
be maintained is fallacious. The profits of the in
dustry which creates the present demand will at
tract capital into it. That field of production will,
unless a diversion is produced, or timely caution is
taken, be overwrought. The past predicts this re
sult , and the South would profit by using its light
in the solution of new problems of social policy
which have lately been presentad.—2V. O. Pic.
Perilous Balloon Ascension at Erie.— Bv a
special despatch trom Erie we learn that day be
fore yesterday Professor Lynn, the aeronaut, who
resides in Erie aud is one of the editors of the Dis
patch, made an ascenH ; on from that city, accompa
nied by B. A. Baldwin, Esq., who is extensively’
engaged in the drug business in Erie. The after
noon was fine, and the ascension was witnessed by
a delighted multitude, comprising most of the citi
zens of.the town, besides numbers of people from
the country, wh were attracted thither by the an
nouncement of the ancension. The wind seemed
favorable for a safe and agreeable voyage on tbe
broad highway which leads to the stars, but when
they Lad reached the altitude of about one mile they
struck a current of air which bore them directly
over Lakb Erie, to the great alarm of their nume
rous friends, who were anxiously watching their
progress through spy glasses and telescopes, trom
housetops and o:her elevated positions. After a
time the balloon was fojnd to descend rapidly, and
in a very few moments to the horror of those who
were breathlessly observing it from the oity. it
plunged swiftly into tbe waters of the lake, full five
miles from the shore.
The excitement became intense sh intelligence of
the occurrence ran like wild fire through the t.wn,
and the in mediate fr ends of the parties were filled
with the direst alarm for their safety. Even if they
had not been instantly drowned, their position wa i
one of the extremes! peril—liva miles from short-,
and only suppoited by a frail willow bttsket, which
constituted their car Numbers rushed at once to
the docks, and a tug being in rend ness, prccaeded
to their ct-R.-.ue. Our correspondent represents the
excitement which prevailed during ihis time to bo
o tbe moet intense description Fortunately for
the cerouauts, the New-York ana Erie propeller
Jefferson, which plies between Cleveland and Dun
kirk, carre along at tbe time, and observing the
descent of’he balloon, reecu-d them trom lh*Hr
perilous position. They wei_ s a r ing in the bas
ket up t their middle in w ver, hai g>ug on to tho
netting over their heads. T w tug arr ving aooix
alter brought them eufe’y to Erie, where they were
received with every detnouelcation * • f jo>. Tho
eudden dtscen’, which • awe si near resulting fatl
iy j was caused by a d-i ct in the arrar gi-men’ o
the valve The prof, sr, wi <*• ard-.r for ic ini
v-.yag& was nor n'ali dampened by his col.i baton
Lake Erie, announo- h s iore tiooof Trying it again
soon *- Cleveland D'.monaL, May 20.
A Grain of G ld.—Eh ward Ev *ett Is the most
elegei t rhetorician in Am r o Bern is a iiitu a!
Lgory taken-lom one of hi . urai svee.bes
las ot a gem ?
“Drop h grein ot Calif rnia gold ir> ’he go u l
and there it will lie uuonang--dt->thH*-n'iof , im'-. Tun
01-'ds on which it fail- a'e not more oo and and • ‘e
leßH Drop a grain of ur ♦ 1 -e and goi i int the
ground, and lo ! a mystery Inaf w < a>s Usof -n ■
—it swells—if shoots up —it is a living ihing. It is
yellow itself, but it suds up an emerald
through the soil—it, expands :* a vigorous stalk
revtla in the sunehii e—itself more glorious tfia.
B<*louion in its broad, fluttering, lea’.y robes, whosvi
pound as the west wind whispers through them,
falls as pleasantly on the hasbandman e ear, as the
rns’le of bis sweetheart a garment; a ill toweru
aloft, spins its verdant skates of vegetable floss , die
plays its dancing tassels, surcharged with fertilising
dust, and a. last ripens into two ortbree magnifi
cent batons like this, (an ear of Indian oorn,) each oi
which is studded with hundreds of grains of gold.
every one poseeeing the same wonderful proper
l ies as the parent grain, every one instinct, with
tho same productive powers.”
Later from Utah Territory. —The New York
Time.) has news from Utah to the 20 b April. A
tbe final adjournment of the United States Court
Judge Cr&dlebaugb has caused an entry tc be mad’
on the court records to the effect that the inter
fereuce of the Mormons with the course of justice
had rendered the administration of justice teupcasi
ble, and that the court, in consequence thereof,
adjourned nine die A number of important affi -
davits had been made Betting forth the facts of re-,
cent Mormon outrages. A collision between tho
United States troops aud the militia of the Territory
was expected at last sdvice&. The Governor wti)
determined to oppose tle entrance of tie troop*
into the city. The object of bringing tbe troops to
the city is to arrest parties charged wild crime.—
Gov. Camming contendH the civil, end not tho
military power should be used for the purpo.-ie; aic
he is said to have a strong militia fore* ready t.
oppose the entrance of the troops.— National Inti i
-
Native Africans in the West.—A friend re
cently from the West, and who baJ o.fporUmit:
of observing some of the recently bwported Afn
cans in their new homes and at their new occup .
tions, informs us that they are exceedingly docile
and easily managed. He saw some ot them
ploughing, who perforated that operation well.
He informed ns tba an African would learn to
plow in two w three hours —that all that was ne
cessary was for tbe overset r to set the example ,
aud the apprentice was soon a master work
man—provided there were no frogs or grasshop
pers in tbe field. That whenever a graasboppe r
Shw up, or a frog leaped off, tne plough was
abandoned, aid chase inetantiy given, and tbau
when the former w.e captured his wings were
cropped and ne woe swallowed as a datety m< i
eel. They pr ze the frog also as a delicacy—
greatly preferred by the Africans to salt bacon.—
Cheroic Gazette.
Honeymoon. —The word Honeymoon is traceable
to a Teutonic origin. A*ooug the Teutons was
fivorite drink called metheglin. It was made o ‘
mead honey, and was much like the inead of Euro
pean coun‘.i**H. The-e honeyed drinks were use'i
more especially at marriage testivals, and which
were kept up among the nobility one lunar month ;
the festive boara being well supplied with metbeg
ho. “Ilona . Moon’ signified tbe moon or moouat i
of tbe marriage estival.
Alar c tbe Goth, celenrated by Bouthey’s poem,
died o p bis wtdding night, from a too free indulgent >
in the honeyeu drink.
M arriage resembles a pair of shears, so yoine !
that i hey cannot be separated; often moving i.i
opposite directions, yet always punishing any on*
who comes between them.
A young Lady, who affected a disinclination to
ward matiim iy, wrote on a pane of glans some
verses exi-rersive of her determination never Lo
enter into t>at holy state A .gentlemen wbo
double’ the lady’s resolve wrote undern-aih—
“The frir woo**- v w ibesn t-orarrhy i ne* brt, fc.
Wrote tbenj on/faiK she knew it wo-> o b broken •”
Oh ! Kiu* Mi * nde ou £ ng,
H llk** nal* ne’e bld
JP u* b inj t v <*• ‘-Fn dt t UCh
Tba . tA-t” ‘ 8 h 80 *•
tti da>- h ‘e
* S,n - m-8 •th t exte .eir K.ng,
1 For t uch a ursn with k o.d, anand
Hon turn u> any dun*.