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OCR WASHINGTON LETTERS.
< From a Staff Correspondent.!
Washington, D. C., February 17, 1882.
T«i> qnistions in course of settlement de
manding special attention this week are
those ap pertaining to Apportionment and
Monnonidm. Never was any proposition
more effectually slaughtered by the com
mon sense of the House than that of Hea
ton, the Census Superintendent, which
managed to gain the assent of a majority of
the committee. This proposition, yon are
aware, fixed the ratio at 320, and worked
such monstrous injustice that only nine
forlorn and reluctant Congressmen conld
be drummed up, at the final moment, to
give it the ghost of a character. It so mani
festly played into the hands of some of the
more powerful States at the expense of the
weaker, that its doom was sealed trom the
beginning. Mr. Tillman warned his aiso
eiates on the Census Committee against
reporting such a bantling, bnt they
were joined to their idol and are
xov in mourning for their folly. The
agreement to 325 was something of a sur
prise. The Republicans threw, with one
exception, a solid vote fofthat number, and
their ranks were swelled by South Carolina
and Texas Representatives who had every
reason to be satisfied, since the former State
(thereby made a gain of two and the latter of
five members. The details of gain and loss
will have reached you, by telegraph and
mail, before this letter could be published,
and so Ido not dwell upon them. Georgia
conld hardly have expected any greater in
crease than the present number affords, and
so we may as well ba satisfied. The great
gains are West and South, in almost equal
proportion. If the South could throw her
wfertoral votes solidly nuderlhe new method,
the candidate thus lavorcd by her for the
Presidency would need but 48 front other
sources to elect him; and this is only one
mure vote than the present arrangement ne
oesaitatis. Mr. Speer was in soma good
thia time. whf-ii voting with the
Eupubiicnns; but no other Georgian stood
beside him. 1
The Mormon bill is the formulation of a
new Republican propaganda. Slavery has
disappeared; the blood v shirt has been
washed and hung up to rtry; the free ballot
and a fair count slogan suffers from sore
throat since Mahone’s despotic hypocrisy
turn been unmasked by Auditor Masaey;
and so the restiesi and busy-body Puritan
must haven new issue and a new victim.
■ f'be Mormons have had the honor or dis- j
Igrsce of that selection. Reprehensible as
they arc, according to our ideas of right, !
and abominable as they may be from any
Christian stand-point, they have sourn in
alienable rights under the Constitution,
■and their polygamous doctrine, is not as
wicked a» certain "higher law" iso-called)
climes prevalent in New England, not to j
ape ak of other ait s against the family that
cry to Heaven for vengeance from the climes
Vh’ut are most eager to deal physical damns- i
lion to 1 tah. The Republicans have en
deavored <o involve the Democratic party in
the odium ot' defending Brigham Young’s ;
institution; but so far they have tailed. The
protests of the Democratic leaders against |
the Edmunds bill, as it came from the Ju
ciary Committee, were founded upon con- >
stitntionffi guarantees and hatred of perse- i
cation for opinion’s sake. Thank# to Sena- |
tor Brown, the true inwardness at the !
va hole movement was laid bare and Ito
morl insidious machinations thwarted. His
two amendments that passed dislodged
the unfair distribution of the Board of
Elections, and drew the fangs of such sec
tions ot the bill as operated as measures of
attainder. Before these amondamnts had
been offered, Mr. Vest made one of his fakw
acterislic speeches, full of eloquence a<»&
argument. He said be was not afraid of be
ing arraigned for Mormon sympathies when
the eamiiled the objectionable passages in the
bill He knew how to resent such insults
when personally presented. No anconsti
tutional bill of attainder such as this meas
ure concealed could get his sanction. In re
ply to a parallel case cited by Mr. Edmunds,
concerning the Internal Revenue laws, he
said that if they wees really such as
the Vermont Senator decUtsd, then those
statutes were also violative of ttte Con
stitution and illegally authorized a liter
Chamber worse than Brigham Young's Se
cret Council. He was prepared for abuse,
but he loved justice better than official
station, and if J* terminated Lis public life,
iso help him God ’ he would never vote tor
shill that warred, as this one did, in iU ex
isting shape, against the organic law and
the charter of liberty of bis country. The
gaunt, griiu, ungainly Vermont Senator, in
a dry, cynical, icy way. strove by interrup
tion’ to extinguish the lightning of the Mis
sourian's oratory, bnt it coruscated the)
more terribly beautiful the mors It was pro
voked into energy.
But the great speech of the day was made .
toy Senator Brown. Discarding the mere
.subtleties ot chop-logic and musty tech- |
tuimdities, he invaded the very marrow of
th* monster and held him up to public
excerstmn. He said that the bill was
brought forward in response to popu
lar clamor for rigorous treatment of
this evil. He was no advocate of polyg
amy. It was the greateat of social oii'atUM,
Mid should have penalties attached to it ;'
tout such punitive action must have its
origin in constitutional law and legislative
justice. No less than three fourths of .
.the popnlMnlll ot the globe were polygam
ions in theory or practice. Great Britain
Kud to deal with ft jn India : but she man- i
aged it differently Crouj what public senti
ment compels u» to do. Jler laws recog
niz'd it in her Oriental and dared
not do Otherwise It was in among
the Hindoos, MoL-ammadane Z )rc*ai;«<ns
•stxl Jews of the East English Courts re
cogift.R'd the validity of the marriage of
auch v.’te with the third or fourth wife «s
well as the firstand second. The polyg
amous ritetom of the East was ueld
a»« sacred the British Parliament
m if it had been contracted by
the Church of Erfgtelid. The English ,
Board ot' Missions pernrits .Hindoo converts
to Christianity to keep sHihfceir wives.—i
.Polygamy was tokwatod by the Testa
ment, and, according to eome theolCßfaml
experts, it was not prohibited jn the New
- r«Miunent. except in the debatable eases of
a Bishop or a Deacon. He did not agree
with that construction; but it hud strenaoew
advocates among the learned in such mat
ters. lie that as it may, he would not, in
this age of toleration, fly into the teeth of
ifreedom of opinion. The Mormon rerela
rtion on the subject, however false we may
meld it, was religiously believed in by the :
{showers ana disciples at Joseph Smith.
7hey were as eanjeat in theti wth as he
was tn th® Bapti« creed. He sad no
wither wan had a right to distiau
chise them on that aocoeut. While there :
be onl-v 6,098 Mormons who practiced
polrgsmy. the.v were son.' 137.600 who
zpkeU it theoretically and iu perfect g»-
.cerity As there wsa some question about,
what constituted a polygamist, h« would
ihave it defined by the best authority—toe
unabridged dletxMiary. [There was aom-s t
smiling here, a* <iit? Senator produced a ,
huge vwlume and read what Noah Webster I
—Uie great Nzw England philologist-had
to say on the subject} Jt was true that the
original Bock of Mermen had act j single
reference to polygamy, a*- a that the sew
revelation eame from the Frophet Smith;
but he never saw a Mormon wh<r did not be
lieve in the institution whethet ha precise- !
ed it or not. The belief in it was praeGfiiHy '
unanimous; the dissent insignificant. The j
disfranchisement, therefore, proposed by the |
Edmond’s bill was a sweeping one. That!
also provided for a retnrning board, I
as had been used in the South to de-
. fe#t she voice of the people and cheat them
out of the Presidency itself. He knew what
it was; for he had stood outlawed at the '
polling booth while his former slaves had
voted without challenge. That kind of
legislation was not to be specially ecm,
mended. The Democrats must have two I
uiemliers ou that board, instead of one
member. The people of I tab have at least;
one good quality; they are overwhelmingly
Democratic. The Republican Returning
Board was contrived for no other purpose
than to disfranchise all of these Democrats,
and. in defiance of the will of the majority,
makeanotberßepublican Commonwealth by
a forcing process. This was leaving the lamb
l in the wolf’s lair. The provision of the
bill, that made a religions test as a qualifi
cation for franchise, was in direct and fla
grant contradiction of Article 6, Section 3, •
of the Constitution of the United States. :
Webster had defined "religion” to be "any i
system of faith or worship, such as is held
by T urk», Hindoos or Christians - true or
false.” He did not deny that the States had
power to punish immorality, and he was
willing to properly punish the polygamous i
inhabitants of Utah. Bnt he would not I
whelm the innocent with the same penal
ties as the guilty. It was an outrage to
permit a Republican Returning Board to 1
disfranchise a whole people for merely be
lieving in polygamy, without "trial ■
and conviction. He knew that there I
were painful religious differences in
America, as elsewhere, and there had been I
detestable persecutions in this country. !
New England was a chief offender in this
respect. As the Senator from Vermont ex- j
cepted his State from the genetai charge, he
would allow it. But the people of New
England had burned witches, whipped ,
Baptists and Catholics, proclaimed and en- ,
forced infamous codes that trampled upon
the rights of conscience, and had even i
banished one person who claimed to be I
free from original sin and had not sinned i
in any way for six months. He wanted no |
return or rekindling of the "fires of Smith- i
field,” the “Inquisition” or the burning of I
Roman Catholic convents, as happened at
Charlestown, Mass., 48 yean ago, the per- i
petratorsof which though guilty, as charged, <
of murder, arson and sacrilege, had never
been punished. . He well remembered the
I horrors of Know Nothiugism that indis
criminate Warfare upon a whole people for
• .religious belief. Up to three years ago,
New Hampshire did not permit a Roman
Catholic to hold office. (Here Senator
Blair, interrupting, said : “The law exist
ed, but it was a dead letter. I sat myself
alongside a Roman Catholic in the Legisla
ture.’’) Then, said Senator Brown, accord
ing to the Senator’s own contession, a Ro
man Catholic who held office in New Hamp
shire did so in violation of law. The Sena
tor from New Hampshire has not bettered
his ease, bnt damaged it by explanation.—
We have had, he continued, an intolerance
of slavery and abolition. The intolerance
th.it followed the inter state war was pro
voked by secession. But the Mormons
have not seceded. He meant nothing un
kind by repeating these historical facts, bnt
only meant to admonish against the fury of
a new fanaticism. Who will be the next
victim whom vengeance shall bo wreaked
upon in Utah ? To make the bill before the
Senate, therefore, as little hurtful as possi
ble, and to confine it within constitutional
limits, he would offer amendments and ask
their passage.
j > This speech was delivered most itnpres-
Q | sively, and as the "Governor” made his fo
ray upon New England's sore spot, there
3 was perceptible wincing on the Republican
- side; bnt warned by the Georgia Senator's
> formidable and victorious experiment, last
, Spring, no champion sallied forth to grap
ple with him. As I said in the beginning
of this letter, he succeeded in amending the
! bill, and, as far as possible, extracted its
i poison.
Much astonishment is expressed here
I that Assistant Surgeon Wm. R. Dußose, of
j Georgia, who stands at the head of his class
j for superior attainments and efficiency, in
i stead ot being ordered forduty to Washing-
I ton, as expected, has been virtually banished
to Alaska. Some of his friends, aware of
i the delicacy of his physical organization,
■ apprehend that, to avoid this constructive
death warrant, he will resign from a service
that he has honored and which punishes
■ him for being meritorious. This is an ex
i ample, J suspect, of that go-between policy,
) which I alluded to on a former occasion, as
■ running the Government into all kinds of
I miserable ruts. J. R. R.
Washington, February 19, 1882. The
j petitions of religious bodies to Congress,
asking that polygamy be extirpated, are on
; the same line as the anti-slavery agitation.
These petitions have their origin chiefly in
North and wjiong a people whose whole-
sale practice of nanmlesa sin against the
family is immeasurably wickeder than Mor
monism in its worst estate. If the Mormons
could reverse the ease and had the power to
drive a crusading wedge into the Malthu
sian horroisof New England, there would
issue from that section the mo-1 clangorous
protest agaiijst such an invasion of what>
; they might hold ts bea private right. While
■ the Bible is not so clear, oppording to tome
authorities, in establishing monogamy, it is
fearfully explicit tn anathema against the
’ perpetration of certain unnatural sins that
prevail in tjje East and West to a degree that
i language can ha«<ljy find fitting phrase to
< fplain or condemn. Apd yet, these are
; the people who, having sucaeedpd in de
; straying slavery, to give us universal suf
frage, now, with characteristic intolerance,
j preach extermination of Mormonism us the
J twin relic, of barbarism. That Mormonism
fs a blot upon our civilization and a danger
j to ont best institutions may bo admitted,
j But it is Uui more disgraceful than the
j facile divorce taws sis New England, and
not a greater menace to tin. jyhola moral
oydpr than the doctrines of Robert Dale
Owen, wifoah, carried to an extreme, caused
Elizabeth Cady Sigpfou to declare that the
time was rapidly “when the
descendants of the Celt would ifaipple
pn the graves of the Puritan.” Driving j
; tus £rat Mormons into the desert aid not <
break luete i’p. They survived an armed
■ attack under Albert Sidney Johnston.
The Pacific Railroad foiled to demolish
i thpir creed. The present legation will
hardly Diend matters. A conservative
; man, ip *pswer to a question ot mine, I
| concerning the effects of the Senate bill
just passed, said “Jt will only make more
Mormons. The presept cr.ysadu js a politi
cal one and has no foundation ip ejj
i th miasm ; for the demagogues who QKe'jt -
most strenuously and violently are guilty,
'in many cases, of transgressions more
. hmuaw than obtain at Salt Lake. Radical
ism wants a slogan, and so, for lack of
other raw material; nqlrgamy in Utah is
seized upon to fire tfie hearts of a people
who had better sweep their own dears peen !
before insisting upon the cleanlinees of!
otimr people’s portals." A writer in !
the Sew j’prk Critic insists that polyg
amy is deeUuchyp pf literary genius. This
may be true to a extent, and yet it
' is not a just causa for gpy annihi
lation. Nor is it wholly true seeing t£rt
some of tin? snblimest literato.c has ongi
. sated among polygamous races, and some
of tha most famous cf writers have been
Mormons ,n everything but Noris
the literary ynifore of a people a te»i of its
predominant virtu*. since the moat disyep- (
utable agee and sens#?l apprhs have peen ;
volcanic in the activity of Mot- ’
monism may be confined to safe limits or ;
extinguished in this Repnbiic by a purer ■
code of morality and a better example of j
’ .Christian faith reduced to practice; but it <
will hardly be destroyed by the edicts of!
men who are better than the "saints of i
. Salt Lake," and wfc? not the glory of :
God, but the good of the party, j
There la a deal of cant apd hypocrisy ,t
--; bibited upew subject, and Governor
Brown exposed t)f it in his recent!
speech. He was u,
it mbre comptetely, bgt the New fangland
Senators fought shy wd wisely avoided
controversy.
Speaking of our Senator, 1 se« that
compares him to Moses of old, with 1
some slighf disparagement. Men who have ‘
National reppta'tiuuy for mendacity may well
b»rfc gt S enator Brown aj their’eongeners
did wt Bnt the Georgian, if so dis-!
posed mfghf .wJUie down to the levw us.
i "Gath’s” ijippivy. W»» ?nswer him, iu the
words ot James uussefij JL-oyeu. 'hat “they;
did not know m\eryibiug down ;n ? udee,” .
Some controversy Lte been going on re
cently about Secretary
gr.immar. In a recent State paper, he jjsed
these wprds: “The United States has, etc."
The New v ork Mail insisted that this was
bad English ungrammatical. The
E-ru’n-y h ers ‘he Secretary on
the gnouod that the wa/ had
United Stat** • Nation, and. therefore, tie
singular verb con*d fcaye a plural nomina
tive case; or, in other woidr, pne result of
: tha war was the demolishment or Lindley
Murray, b'ow a practical test of the quern i
tion has b««s «•«£ 41 the Senate, and, in '
amending the verbiage us the Mormon bill, |
no less a per-on than Mr. pro
i posed to strike out the word "has," in a
sente—reading “the United States nsr,"
and sabGJt,-ite the word hare. It would
seem, therefor*. Jjiat the austere Vermont
—_ —1 I 1 —a * a— a* a** T
Republican still ctmg* to grammar and
State sovereignty, in spite o» SJr. Secretary
Frelingx>.>y«tn and the AYreisy .f*ar.
j I think there might be defense of.
' the secretary's poe'itivA in the rule regu-;
I luting minus of multitude-, he has no
other refuse common sense or~ pre
cedents. A les«.«4 friend here, who took
Mr. Frelinghuysen sf-yd against me, agreed
to leave the matter to the guthonty of i
Edward Everett. In the celebrated jetter 1
ot i—jt statesman to Lord John Russell,
dated September 17, 1853, Mr. Everett in
variably uses Ute nlnral verb, just as Mr.
. Edmunds insists upon u time.
The venerable Doorkeeper W Senate.
: [saec psasefi, who is as active as a
man, spitz of a half century’s service iu
the tails kmc that, even when there
is no seasiim c* Congrqs?, ji.s cannot conquer |
the habit of %tsug iaiiy Ks hie akfjr to the
’ leftof theVice-Fxeaident’ssest. Tneutusits
and exalts the giants of past days. Webster,
Clay, CaUteAh; Benton, Silas Wright,
i Hayne, Toombs, and many
' more whose voices wap. epoe most elo
> queet, come back again and Aspeyi to the
. | old Dcockmsper their words pt resonant
i witchery. Such js the sorcery of imagina
; ’ tins, haunted by long usage, and confirmed
by habit! What a picture of ghostly signifi
cance could be made of those wondrous
vigils! What a theme for some poet whose
harp is not unstrung, and only waiting for
a novel inspiration I
Senator Hear tells me that he has not
been unduly annoyed by Southern men
writing to him concerning their claims.
He does not invite such correspondence, bnt
neither does he decline it. He thinks sev
eral of the cases presented to him were
highly meritorious, but was forced to admit
that frequently the best claim was hardest
to get through.
Ex-Senator Eaton is still here in favor of
his Tariff Commission. He says the Presi
dent has promised, in case the measure
shall be favorably considered in Congress, ■
j to appoint impartial commissioners to ex
amine the subject and report upon it. I
asked him by whom he was principally op. I
posed. He answered: ."Free traders, high
tariff protectionists and Sam Randall.”
Congressman Dunnell is a Minnesota
’ Republican and has some conservative .
views. He deprecated Mr. Frye’s extreme
partisan opinions in a tariff speech, and
said that gentleman seemed to forget that j
| the very existence of slavery made free |
trade the best and most logical policy of the ;
i South. Times and circumstances have
j changed. Mr. Dunnell thought the growth I
ot the South in wealth and population could
j only be retarded by the axistence of the !
• negroes there in such great numbers. Eu
ropean and other immigrants might senti
mentalize at a distance about the blacks,
| but would not settle where they most con
gregated.
Senator Edmunds, the other day, gave i
I his associates a slap for consuming time by
reading "essays.” He is about the only j
Senator who never withholds a speech for i
revision. As it goes down in the reporter’s \
notes, he lets U stand satotaalially.. A»deul'
of time and space and breath would be
saved if all the Senators were like Mr. Ed
munds. Some Senators talk on all subjects
and muddle discussion. One Southern man
of real ability has become a regular bore
because of his long-windedness on all kinds
of trifling matters. Another has a faculty
of, absorbing what has been uttered by
wiser persons, and then squeezing from his
spongy mind a dribble of other people's
ideas. The Congressman who is silent most
of the time is much to be preferred to him
who has the gift of continual gab. When
some of this latter class get on their legs
and work their much abused tongues, it is
amusing to hear Edmunds’ loud laugh, and
to behold Father Anthony, with clasped
hands and bowed head, slumbering pro
foundly.
There will be no solidarity upon the sub
ject of the tariff on the Democratic side.
Senator Cockrell, ot Missouri, for example,
represents those who favor bearing any
present burdens of taxation so as to get rid,
as soon as possible, of the National debt.
He is of opinion that when capital has to
retire from such securities it will seek in
dustrial development of the South and West.
Other Democrats scout this idea and assert
that the payment of the debt will be the sig
nal for such raids upon the Treasury as
never before were conceived of. The pro
position of Tittlebat Titmouse, “to give
everything to everybody,” will have an
American realization. The chances are that
before the debt is liquidated, some adven
turous Jingo politician will involve us in a
war with some foreign country, and pile the
financial incubus higher still on the backs
of the dear people who, according to Car
lyle, are "mostly fools.”
Hou. Proctor Knott tells me that, during
the 45th Congress, he gave an entertain
ment to the members ofihe Judiciary Com
mittee. Their associate, Julian Hartridge,
had just died, and many pathetic allusions
were made about him and universal sor
row was expressed for his untimely end.
Os that committee no one spoke more feel
ingly than Gen. Benjamin F. Bntler, and
when he had concluded his tribute he burst
into tears. Up to that time, Gen. Butler
had been considered a hard-hearted cynic
and a man whose fountain of tears had long
since dried up. But, in some way, Julian
Hartridge had won his esteem, and the
grief manifested was sincere. After that,
the Democratic members of the committee
had a much better opinion of the General
than they ever, had before. •
I am beginning to believe that the
Democrats whose seats are contested,
will not soon be displaced if in
deed they ba molested at all. The
Elections Committee are in no hurry to
report, and they postpone action upon
every pretext. The reason of this may be
found in the new Republican idea of nation
alizing their party, and this cannot ba ac
complished by stirring up sectional issues
and angering the white people of the South.
Besides, the colored contestants make such
a shabby contrast to the sitting members
that even the extremes! Radical is averse to
long association with them. In this re
spect, they are treated no worse than Rai
npy was when canvassing for the House
Clerkship. The fact is, the negroes do very
well at a distance as voting machines in the
South, but whjte Republican Congressmen
have precious little use for then) jp close
quarters.
Some amusement was created here at the
telegraphic statement from the South that
"tlie small grain crop was promising.” A
gentleman obseiyod that he had no doubt
of the literal truth of the dispatch—that the
grain crop was very small indeed,
ft is pot often that Mr. Robeson makes a
misquotation or literary blander; but the
other day he gravely alluded to Lord Byron
as an Irish poet.
Judge Marcne passed through here, on
Friday, en route to Philadelphia to attend
the wedding of his nephew Mr. Lesser, of
Warrenton.
On the avenue, yesterday, I was amused
at a crowd of wild, blanketed Indians, of
the Arapahoe trine, examining the photo
graphs of multitudinous variety-shqjy women
in a shop window. They seemed amazed at
sqcb immodesty, and grunted as they ex
changed gjapyes with one another. ’ The
Goyernmpnt makea pets of the savage In
dians visiting the federal sapifol, lyhile the
civilized Creek* and fiaye tq fceep
delegations here to protect their tribes from
being robbed of all their lands. So well
Jnown has our own Col. W. O. Tuggle be
come a; en attorney, that he is now the
legal represeiite’.jp of many nations of “red
men.’’ Most of the Indians are no longer
red, but yellow. Some of them nearly
white. But while a trace of the aboriginal
blood remains it dominates the character of
(the hxif-breeqs.
4-s the question ot sjlver coinage will be
an itupqßant subject for legisjatjon, [ en
close a letter from flop. 4. H. Stephens, to
a gentleman in California, wbfoh throws
much light upon the question. It will bear
reproduction in the columns of the Chboni
,Cfos. J. R. R.
4 TOpCßiSft
Presentation to Mrs. Garfteltl by
Kx-Conf«deiutti of Cincinnati, Os &
To the Eate President.
(by the Chronicle.)
Cincinnati, February i».—Gu Pfo death |
of President Garfield the ex-Contederaie
SGld’f-rs of this city passed a series of reso- !
Intions, were telegraphed over the i
country and widelyXcummented upon be- |
cause of the excellent spirjt which they dis- ,
played- Mr. B. F. Knipe, of the Fiyst Mary- j
land Confedeyef e Regiment, at present a ’
marble cqtter so tfijg city, offered to frame j
the jn Tqph®k?ee marble, and i
the work has just been tnisfied yill be ■
on exhibition until to-morrow night, when ,
a special commission of the ex-Confederate ;
Association, escorted by representatives of '
the 1. niou 4-rmy of the Potomac Society, '
will’go to Cleymond ap.d present the resolu
tions in person to Mrs. Garjjeld, on Wednes-
day, the 22d of February. The frame is of |
red, variegated Tennessee marble, highly ;
polish-eq- It is 2 feet 5 inches high by 2 :
feet 1 inch wide ajjd was cut from a solid
piege of maxble. jn each corner is the coat :
of arms of the J nite<j Stqip?: >9 Jfeqiean !
onyx, and the resolutions, handsomely en
grossed on parchment, are protected by i
heavy beveled French plate glass. The
whole work is in exceedingly good taste,
and tHozfi will be fete tokens of esteem for
the dead stateofvter and President that will
equal it’either in design aj °<>ntiment.
CiyvEi Asn, Ohio, February 5».—C. A.
Withers, yames D. Campbell, B. F. Rnipe
and'Ferdinand D. ijehwartz, the committee
appointed’ by the ez-Ccnfederate soldiers
resident in CjnefonaG and jts vicinity, ar
rived here this morning, bringing w-.tbri,eni
the memorial tribute to the Gate president j
prepared for Mrs. Garfield. The resolutions !
-re framed in Tennessee colored marble, ’
nigiilj washed and cut from a single block ;
about two feet The United Stales '
coat of arms is inlaid in JJfcican onyx at
, zsk'h corner. The committee' cduefi upon .
> Mrs. this morning and form- j
| ally presented the testimonial. C. A. !
I Withers, formerly Adjutant General of ’
I Gen J. H. Morgan’s staffs, made the pre
sentation address, as follows: “It is with i
mingled feelings of gratification and re-;
gret that l the honor, madam, of pre- j
seating to you tEU memorial of tfie ex- 1
Confederate soldiers ot Clnsippqfi. It is I
gratifying that we truthfully and feeiingly i
ua;te our voices in commendation of toe
1 lameatfti tjesd with those of many thous
ands of a "eople. The occasion
I which called for such a sentiment is pain
j fol in its recollections, and as fully deplored
i by th® peonle of the South as’ by those
iof any otfim section of the country.
The unanimity with which these resolutions
were pafised, and thfe expressions conveyed
therein, ’ spgsij: more than atty" words’ of
mine, and yoa cm, reaj assured,* madam,
that in them is voiced the tribute off all the i
old soldiers of the South to the sterling
worth of the late President.”
MIS- Garfield, by a great effort, repiessed
■ her emoUoß, while the aged mother of the
| late President wfip» fccly. The late Preei
-1 dent’s widow,' her vote* u spiffing with
emotion, replied to the address of Major
Withers as follows : “Gentlemen—l am
very giqA-r”! t° y°°. And to those from
whom this bea«ti,i;l eift comes, for its sake
and for the sentiment expressed."
A spoke factory his - been started in
Virginia. Jt ought to lecture.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH I, 1883.
FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS.
ADJOURNINING OVER TO DAV FOR
THE NATIONAL HOLIDAY.
The Pensions sail Apportionment Bills in
The Senate—Mail Service In the House—
Washington Notes—Nominations and
Confirmations.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
SENATE.
Washington, February 21.—Mr. Frye, of
: Maine, in presenting a memorial of the
New York Chamber of Commerce in favor
of the Tariff Commission, said the represen
■ tation that the so-called high protectionists
favored the bill for delay was fallacy. As
one of that class he heartily favored a gen
-1 eral revision and amendment.
Mr. Lapham, of New York, presented the
resolutions of the New York Legislature
I upon the necessity for a tax, in the form of
head money, for the inspection of hundreds
, of thousands of immigrants landing from
i foreign ports in New York harbor.
Mr. Morgan offered a resolution, which
was adopted, providing for an adjournment
from to-day until Thursday, “as a mark of
proper and becoming respect and honor to
the memory of George Washington.” On
motion of Mr. Hale, the Senate, at 1:45,
took up the House Apportionment bill. Mr.
Morrill, of Vermont, expressed the belief
that the increase of Representatives would
impair an efficient transaction of business,
and suggested that with an increase at
every decade it would be ultimately impos
sible to provide a hall of sufficient capacity
to hold the House. ■ He did not, however,
feel at liberty to oppose the bill. After sim
ilar remarks by several Senators the bill
passed vira voce.
The Pension resolution came up again as
unfinished business. Several short speeches
were made, and amendments offered or
notified, when finally the motion to lay the
whole subject on the table was carried
yeas, 26; noes, 23. The following was the
vote : Yeas—Anthony, Bayard, Beck, Cam
eroon (Pennsylvania), Cameron (Wiscon
sin), Cockrell, Coke, Conger, Davis (West
Virginia), Gorman, Hoar, Jackson, John
ston, Jones (Florida), Lapham, Mitchell,
Morgan, Merrill, Platt, Pagh, Ransom. RoL
lins, Sawyer, Slater, Vance, and Windom
-26. Nayes—Allison, Blair, Brown, Butler,
Calk Davis (Illinois), Dawes, Grover, Hamp
ton, Harris, Harrison, Ingalls, Logan, Me-
Dill, Maxey, Plumb, Saunders, Teller, Van
Wycke, Vest, Voorhees, Walker, and ’ Wil
liams —23.
The Grant retirement bill waa taken up
and laid over as- unfinished business for
Thursday. After thirty minutes executive
session the Senate adjourned till Thursday.
HOUSE.
Mr. Cassidy, of Nevada, presented the
resolution of the Democratic Central Com
mittee of Utah, stating that the Democratic
party deprecated any affiliation with the
Mormons. Referred.
On motion of Mr. Steele, of Indiana, the
Senate bill to enable the Postmaster-Gen
eral to delegate to the Third Assistant Post
master-General authority to sign warrants,
was taken from the Speaker’s table and
passed.
The morning hour having been dispensed
with, the House, at 12:35, went into com
mittee of the whole on the Post Office Ap
propriation bill.
The clausa under consideration was that
appropriating $10,655,000 for transporta
tion by railroad routes of United States
mails. There were three proposed amend
ments pending—the first being that offered
by Mr. Robeson, of New Jersey, providing
that mails shall be carried without extra
charge upon the fastest trains run over the
railroads by which they arecirried, when
ever the Postmaster-General shall deem it
desirable. To this Mr. Cannon, of Illinois,
offered an amendment, providing that if
the railroad companies shall fail to carry
mails on their fastest trains, their compen
sation shall be reduced fifty per cent. Mr.
Cannon’s amendment was accepted by Mr.
Robeson, and Mr. Robeson’s amendment,
as thus amended, was agreed to by a vote of
83 to 69. The clause appropriating eight
hundred thousand dollars for inland trans
portation by steamboat routes having been
reached, Mr. Singleton, of Illinois, offered a
provision prohibiting the discontinuance of
steamboat mail service on the Mississippi
river between St. Louis, Mo., and St. Paul,
Minn., so long as the navigation of that
river remains open.
After a long discussion the amendment
was ruled out on a point of order. Mr.
Hooker, of Mississippi, offered an amend
ment providing that the Postmaster-General
shall not have power to discontinue any
mail service on any of the rivers of the
United States unless'the service can be bet
ter performed by railroads or Star Routes
ruled out on a point of order. The clause
in relation to the Star Route transportation
having been reached, Mr. Updegraff, of
Ohio, offered an amendment providing
that when the mail contractor refuses to
perform his contract, the Postmaster-Gen
eral shall have authority to make a tempor
ary contract, without advertisement—ruled
out on a point of order.
Mr. Holman, of Indiana, offered an
amendment providing that whenever any
contractor shall sub-let his contract for
transportation of mails on any route for a
less sum than he contracted to perform the
service for, the Postmaster-General may de
clare the original contract at an end and en
ter into a contract with the sub contractor
with advertisement to perform the service
on the terms which ho has agreed to with
the original contractor to perform such ser
vice. .
Mr. Atkins, of Tennessee, moved to
amend Mr. Holman’s amendment by the
addition of the following: “Provided, that
the sub contractor shall enter into a good
and sufficient bond and the original con
tractor shall not he released from his con
tract until good and sufficient bond has
been made by the sub-contractor.” He
argued that this would have the effect of
breaking up the practice of sub-letting con
tracts. lie knew a map in Washington who
had been discharged from the post office
and a few years ago was au assistant dog
catcher, but he knew too much and he
finally got to be a contractor and to-day had
525 cotatracis and sub-let every one of
th«m.
Mr. Bland, qf Missouri, offered a substi
tute, providing that it shall bp unlawful for
any contractor to sublet his contract, but
he shall be required to fulfill the same ac
cording to law. Pending farther action,
the committee rose. Mr. Lacey, of Ohio,
from the pommittee on Post’Offices and
Post Roads, reported fiack the bill to estab
lish the postal savings depository as a
branch of the Post Office Department. Sev
eral motions to adjourn over till Thursday
were made, but the Republicans refused to
yote, Igayjng the House without a quorum,
agd qt °ftP e Raised that point. Motions to
adjourn weya similarly defeated by the
Democrats. Oonaidcrabfo tirpe was spent
in filibustering and endeavoring to rea,.h
an undersanding, until finally Mr. Hiscook,
Republican, of New York, moved to adjourn
tilj Thursday, which was agreed to, and at
7 o'clock tfee ffouse so adjourned.
SENATK.
Washingtjn, February 23.—Mr. Allison,
frqm the Appropriations Committee, report- i
ed, with amendments the immediate De
ficiency bill, end gave notice that he would '
call up th,e same at 1 ;30 o’clock to-morrow. I
Mr- Harris, of Tennessee, presented a I
memorial report of tt;e Tennessee Cotton
Exchange upon the danger to the river i
front of Memphis from encroachments of 1
the Mississippi.
Mr. George, of Mississippi, introduced a
joint resolution, authorizing the Secretary
of War t 8 issue rations for the relief of the
laboring classes in the district overflowed
by the Mississippi river, which was read, as
also a fofograg) from Gqy. Lowrey, of Mis
sissippi, urging immediate measures <ff re
lief, representing the destruction of prop
-1 erty and stock as immense, and starvation
imminent, as the overflowed country com
prises the best portion of Mississippi,
and whites and blacks are suffering. Air.
George explained the magnitude of the dis
aster and said the district inundated em
braced ail the Mississippi delta between
Memphis and Vicksburg about 150 miles
in length and 40 in breadth. This entire
j area yas now either under water, dr woujd
be in a short kifoe. of its popu
lation is composed of colored laborers, who
have not the means of support during the
period for which this overjlbw will necessa
rily interrupt labor.
Mr. Ingalls, of Kansas, inquired as to the
. estimated number of laborers rendered des
’ titnte.
Mr. George thought it would range from
fifty to seventy-five thousand. Be added
that the oversows in that sectioh of the
Mississippi bottom generally continued
from four to six weeks, and until a subsi
dence of the water, there is total suspension
of labor. He had confined bis remarks to
th;- Restitution in Mississippi. Contiguous
distrisu 60 the opposite side of the river, in
Arkansas, were also suffering.”
Mr. Garland spoke of the widespread de
struction in Arkansas, by the overflow, as
absolutely appalling and unprecedented.—
It had swept away barns, granaries and the
stock of farmers He urged prompt action
extending relief, though he was‘not pre
pared to say what form the measure of re
lief should take.’
Mr. Hampton explained that that part
of she valley under water was the moet pro
ductive i»nd "nest cotton firewiaffcountry
in Mississippi. At that point the water ex
tended from the Yaz*o bills on one side
and the Arkansas bluffs on the other, and
if the river was as high as the dispatches
this morning represented, there would be
hardly any land within a strip of one hun
dred and fifty miles in width above the
overflow. Destruction, aot only of sfock,
but of the incoming crop, would be so great,
in his opinion, that he had nd hesitation in
saying that the dispatch from the Governor
of Mississippi gave but a faint idea of the
destitution and starvation that would fol
low.
Mr. Allison, of lowa, suggested, in view
of the desireablness of prompt action, a
reference of the subject to the Military Com
mittee, who could consult with the Secre
tary of War upon provisions for issuing and
transporting rations to points at which they
I are most needed. Il the sufferers were to
l be relieved by the United States Govern
ment, relief could only be extended through
: the Secretary of War, and he thought it
would be found that this relief was de
manded not only as to the Mississippi Val
ley, but those of several of 'its tributaries.
The suggestion of Mr. Allison being accept
able to Mr. George, was agreed to, and refer
ence to the Military Committee ordered.
The Senate then took up the calendar,
and bills were passed to authorize the Secre
tary of War to sell the military barracks,
and lands upon which they are located, in
Savannah; and permitting the United States
Treasurer to pay Congressional salaries,
etc., in a contingency - such as that which
arose in the death of the late Secretary of
the Senate.
The Senate bill to amend section 2,133 of
the Revised Statutes relating to Indian
traders. (It prohibits any persons other
than an Indian from trading on any Indian
reservation without a license, bnt specially
excepts traders with the five civilized tribes
in the Indian Territory.)
As unfinished business, the Grant retire
ment bill was taken up. Mr. Bayard, of
Delaware, moved to to amend by substitut
ing therefor a provision to pav to every
President of the United States who shall
have served, or may ha'eafter serve, in said
office, and who shall hive retired from the
same, a sum annually, during his life,
equal to one-fourth part of the annua)
Presidential salary; bu-this pot to be paid
in case of a second teim. Ai’tc •
a long debate, \ aiatadsiea*
was rejected—ayes, 5; nays, 51. An amend
ment by Mr. Sherman prevailed, without
discussion, making the proposed retirement
additional to the number authorized bylaw.
The bill then passed—ayes, 35 ; nays,
17. Messrs. Brown, of Georgia; Call, of
Florida; Davis, of Illinois ; Davis, of
I West Virginia; Jones, of Florida; and
Ransom, of North Carolina, voted aye with
the Republicans; otherwise the vote was a
party one. The bill authorizes the Presi
dent, Jn recognition of the eminent public
services of Ulysses 8. Grant, late General of
of the Army, to nominate and, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint him to the array with the rank and
grade of General, to be placed on the re
tired list, with pay accordingly.
Mr. Logan, of Illinois, reported back
from the Millitary Committee a joint reso
lution, introduced earlier in the day by
Mr. George, to provide relief on account of
the overflow of the Mississippi, with an
amendment in the nature of a substitute.
The joint resolution was at once taken up,
the substitute adopted and the same passed
without debate. It appropriates SIOO,OOO
to be used by the Secretary of War in pur
chase and distribution of subsistence stores
for the relief of destitute persons in the
district overflowed by the Mississippi and
its tributaries, and authorizes the Secretary
to co operate with the authorities of the
several States of whieh such districts is a
part, in making distribution of the same.
As reported the measure provided for the
“laboring classes,” but upon the sugges
tion of Messrs. Hoar and Sherman, a change
was made, as stated at the executive session.
Senate adjourned.
HOUSE.
Mr. Chalmers, of Mississippi, sent to the
Clerk’s desk and had read a telegram from
Whitman county, Mississippi, stating that
the Mississippi river has overflowed at that
point, and that thousands of colored per
sons were starving, and asking for assistance.
He then introduced and asked for immedi
ate consideration a joint resolution author
izing the President to issue temporary sup
plies of food and disused army clothing,
sufficient to prevent the starvation and suf
fering of destitute persons living on or near
the Lower Mississippi river, who have been
rendered so by reason of the present over
flow of that, river.
Mr. Marsh, of Illinois, saw no reason why
assistance should be confined to person's
living on the Lower Mississippi, and on the
suggestion of Mr. Kason, of lowa, the reso
lution was referred to the Committee on
Military Affairs, with leave to report at any
time.
The Hoose, at 12:40, went into commit
tee of the whole (Mr. Calkins, of Indiana,
in the Chair), on the Post Office Appropria
tion bill. Mr. Holman's amendment, of
fered Tuesday, providing for a substitution
of the sub contractor tor original bidder
whenever it shall ba ascertained that a con
tract is sub-let at less than the original price,
was uuder consideration. Mr. Bland’s sub
stitute prohibiting the sub-letting of con
tracts was ruled out on a point of order.
M r. Holman accepted Mr. Atkins' amend
ment, offered Tuesday, as part of his amend
ment. Several other amendments and sub
stitutes were presented and rejected or
ruled out. In the course of a long discus
sion which followed, Mr. Holman’s amend
ment, as amended by Mr. Atkins, was pass
ed by a vote of 99 to'B3.
Mr.* Atkins offered anamendment, pro
viding that where a contract is declared
void on account of having been sub-let, the
contractor shall not be entitled to one
month’s extra pay, as now" provided by law.
Adopted.
Several amendments were offered, in
creasing the amounts appropriated in vari
ous divisions of the postal service, all of
which were voted down. Pending action
on the bill, the committee rose. A number
of petitions were presented by different
members, asking a repeal of the tax on
bank deposits, and on checks and drafts.
On motion of Mr. King, of Louisiana,
the Senate joint resolution, appropriating
one hundred thousand dollars to enable
the Secretary of War to issue rations for the
relief of destitute persons in the district
overflowed by the Mississippi river, was
taken from the Speaker’s table and passed.
The House then, at 5 o’clock, took a recess
until 7:30. The evening session is for the
consideration of the District of Columbia
Code bill.
NOVEL BUSINESS METHODS.
How a St Louis Clan Choked a Transfer
of Interest Out of a Merchant.
St. Louis, February 20.—A month ago
the firm of Jordan & Dausman, wholesale
tobacco dealers, failed, and attachments
wejre brought by creditors, who found that
transfers hqd been made, first by Jordan &
Dausman and then by Dausman to his
father, Henry Dausman, President of the
Dausman Tobacco Company, one of the
largest in the West. Some rather startling
facfs haye come to light in depositions taken
On tfie payt of the plaintiij, which show that
the elder Pausman adopted a novel method
of securing himself. The elder Dausman
lent his son $5,000 to go into business with,
and the firm was ip debt to him another
$5,000. Learning that they were on the
eve oi bankruptcy, he demanded that Jor
dan shopld splj oqt to his son. Jordan re
fused, and the elfier Dapsman, losing all
control of himself, exclaimed,
“I’d as soon be dead as lose my money,”
and caught Jordan by the throat. Jordan
had no chance to resist, and Dausman
chocked*fiim pntil he consented to transfer
hjs shaye in the assets, worth S2S,(KM), to
the younger Dausman for s2so. The trans
fer was made, and the neyt day yopng Daus
man transferred the whole business to his
father without any consideration whatever,
as by hjmself testified. In giving his evi
dence regarding the choking, young Daus
man said that while fiis father had Jordan
by the throat Jordan said :
"A’es? sjr, J’ll sign it; I’ll sjgn it. I’ll
si d n anything you pjaasp-” Tfee plaintigs
think they w;ll be able to have the entire
transfer set aside.
The Repudiation Vengeance.
(Nashville American.)
The Tepnessge vengeance seekers seem
to have accomplished their rpvenge. They
have inserted their cambric needle and now
they may reflect upop the recoil. It goes
not matter whether jt bfeiohgpq to specula
tors or to bona fide holders, or to whom; on
account of this deadly vengeance not less
than five millions of money have directly
and within ten days gone out of Tennessee
into the hands of these Northern foes, not
into the hands of the bondholders perhaps,
although even they may have been shrewd
enough to get a share of it. The money has
gone to the shrewd Y’ankee, and he can
laugh in his sleeve or out of it at all such re
venges. Tn Tennessee bonds and railway
securities this business has coat (he State in
direct 1 money not less than fifty millions,
and we make the estimate low. Indirectly,'
in the near and far future, the damage may
, not be exactly estimated. It is impossible
to trace it to its farthest ramifications.
Death or Mr. R. K. Bloom field.
(Athens Banner.)
! ft is with much pain we announce
i the death of Mr. Robert K. Bloomfield,
. which took place last evening, between 6
: and 7 o’clock. He hag been sick sometime
' wjth typhoid fever, and for twenty-four
; hours before his death he was considered
t n great dapger. yesterday afternoon the
gravest fears of his friepds wjre realized,
and he breathed his last.
Mr. Bloomfield was a gentleman of many
admirable qualities. He was recognized as
one of the leading business men of Athens,
although fie was probably not more than
thirty years old. For some years he was
one of the firm of Reaves, Nicholson 4 Co.,
the largest business house in the city. A
little over a year ago, with Mr. Sanford, he
purchased the retail pert of that business,
and the arm of blbomfield A Sanfbrg has
met with marked nosess.
In all the relations of life he was noted
for the possession of all the qualities which
go to make up true manhood. Upright and
straightforward in all business matters, he
insured success. Kind and affable in his
intercourse ctoara, no one was more
popular than he. Full of energjHk A en
terprise, he was aaxitmted one of the most
useful citizens of Athens. His place in the
community will nit soon be filled. To his
family—parents, asters, brothers, wife and
children—his loss is irreparable.
SIBLEY MILLS.
Lifting the Flood-Gnu. and Tnrnlng In
the Fountains Os the Deep—lnteresting
Opening Ceremonies.
‘‘Listen to the water mill
Through the livelong dav;
How the clanging of its wheel
Wears the hours away !”
Yesterday morning, by ten o’clock,
streams of pedestrians and long lines of
carriages were seen coursing up Broad
street. Beyond East Boundary, to the Har
risburg bridge, thence up the canal bank
to where the superb structure of the Sibley
Manufacturing Company lifts its massive
proportions and casts its significant shadows,
the crowds wended their way. Halt
ing in front of the company’s office,
numbers of spectators and invited guests
were conducted to the prettv castellated
residence of the Superintendent, Jones S.
Davis, Esq., and upon his piazzas awaited
what will always be a memorable, if not a
critical, moment in ths historv of this large
institution.
The day was one of extreme beauty. The
waters of the canal sparkled in the sunlight
and played fearlessly about.tho head gates,
which were soon to witness'their downfall
in a very tempest of power. The sky was
as bright as a February day could make it,
and a few silver threads of cloud might
have been mistaken for flakes of lint float
ing from the spindles.
The Opening.
A few minutes past ten o’clock the Presi
dent, Mr. W. C. Sibley, appeared before the
coui’.'mjjL ai-,d made u few remarks in refer
ence to Stet jSfcgiato U it -iflw- .
He alluded to the fact that, in the midst of
almost uninterrupted heavy weather, this,
the most beautiful day of the new year, had
been let down upon us as an auspicious
occasion for starting the mill, and suggest
ed that thanks be returned to a Divine
Providence for blessings already given. Mr.
Sibley then introduced Rev. Mr. Gilbert,
who made a beautiful and appropriate
prayer.
At 10:30 o’clock, a. m., the head-gates at
the canal were raised by Mrs. W. 0. Sibley
and Mrs. J. S. Davis, assisted by Mr. Josiah
Sibley, Mr. W. H. Howard and Mr. John
U. Meysr. At 10:50, water was let in upon
one of their massive wheels, which had lain
in its pit ready for its revolutions, by Mr.
Josiah Sibley, the venerable father of the
President of the mill, and himself one of its
largest stockholders. The other wheel was
similarly put in motion, Mr. M. F. Foster,
Superintendent of the Langley Factory,
turning the brake. The troubling of the
waters was literally a'signal that the spirit
of industry had settled upon the giant
frames and joints of the establishment.
Turbines, fly wheels, cogs, and belts took
up the motion, and pretty soon the machine
ry of the mill was proclaiming the event
with thousands of metalic tongues. A bale
of cotton, donate.! to the company, through
Messrs. Garrett X LaMmer, by Mr. James M.
Dye, one of our largest planters, was then
opened, and bj’ 11 ojclock raw cotton was
Running Through the Piaker.
The entire circuit of power had then been
made, for the forces of the falling water had
been transmitted on a hundred belted arms
throughout every story and corner of the
factory, and an inspection ’ tour by the
visitors assembled soon convinced them of
the work they had wrought. The different
floors and departments of the mill, already
thoroughly described in the columns of the
Chronicle: and Constitutionalist, were
visited, including the dye house and fur
nishing departments, anil the whole pro
cess of manufacturing was explained, from
raw cotton to yarn. A beautiful piece of
Scotch plaids was closely inspected and
generally admired, many of the lady visitors
supposing it was woolen. The imitation of
this cloth, which, of course, was entirely
cotton, was said to have been perfect.
Another Process.
About midday the guests were invited
to the stockholders’ room, over the com
pany’s office, where Superintendent Davis
had an elegant lunch, tastefully
arranged, and with his tables decorated by
choice specimens from the flower pits. For
some time the sociable visitors enthused
over Mr. Davis’ choiee collation, where
solid enjoyment crowned the lunch of those
whose "good digestion waited on appetite
and health on both.” Nothing served to
turn the wheels of this midday merriment,
however, but strong coffee and pure lemon
ade, and the good sense of the President
ruled out, in the starting of his mill, all
liquids, save the spray which sprang from
his clangorous wheel pits, and "the cup
which cheers, but not inebriates.” Long
life and prosperity to the Sibley Manufac
turing Company and its superb mill I
Eighteen years ago, the upper bank of the
Augusta canal was walled up with a chain
of turretted tenements of brick— scattered
some distance apart, and over which stood,
in lofty snggestiveness, the smoky spire,
still standing in its place. These build
ings were frequented by silent men who
worked in quiet and in gloom, and who
sifted through their machinery the acids
and minerals which go to form the explo
sives of war. From a hundred battle fields of
the. civil strife, the blackened granulations
of the Augusta Powder Mills flashed and
thundered, and when the war was over the
mills went down before the ravages of time
and disuse.
To-day, the same spire, with extinguished
craters, overlooks the same spot. The same
river rolls at its feet; the same hills confront
it on the other side. But in place of the
scattered walls of war, a massive structure,
granitic and compact, is reared. In the
place of musty explosives of darker days,
the purest productions of peace are fed into
the present mill, and from its looms will go
forth the texture to clothe the people of the
land, to weave the white wings of com
merce and to float the bunting of the Newer
South. The old picture has rolled away—
the new one has received a solid setting.
SULLIVAN’S RESOLVE.
He Will Fight No More With Bare
Knacklee—His Views of Egan.
Cincinnati, February 20.—John L. Sul
livan, the champion of the world, accom
panied by Billy Madden, Bob Farrell, Pete
McCoy and Mr. Kilbride, arrived in the
city Friday. He is in the best of health
and spirits, and weighs 212 pounds. A
representative of the Enquirer had a pleasant
talk with him about the fight and his in
tentions for the future. Though it would
be difficult to imagine him an aesthetic,
goody-good young man, he is far more hu
man and kindly hearted than a casual ob
server would imagine, Speaking of the
fight, he said:
‘‘The reason I did not punish Hyan more
severely toward the latter part of the fight
was because Madden spoke to me after the
fifth round, I think it was, and told me
not to go at him so vicious, as I had him
done, and might kill him. 1 only wanted
to win, and had no desire to beat him un
necessarily. For that reason I did not
strike him in the stomach, though I had
opportunity after opportunity to do bq. I
knew he was ruptured, but did not know
how bad. and f felt that if I put my right
well and square on his ‘mark’ that would
be the last of him." He denies the report
that Egan ever bantered him to spar in
Troy, and says that when he returns to
New York he will give him SIOO to spar
four rounds with him. "If he shows that
he is a good man, then J will make a match
to sighs him; but one thing yon may de
pend on, and that is that whoever fights me'
will have to fight me with gloves, as I have
determined to fight no more fist fights, pot
because I object to the bare knuckles, but
because I do not want to render myself
amenable to the laws against prize fighting, i
i I have no desire to go to jail or penitentiary. I
■ When I matched myself to fight Ryan I had !
i to agree to the terms his backers made. ,
I They said that I was only a glove fighter, ;
' and that f was afraifi of the bare knuckles. !
! rror that reason j consented to fight Hyan '
'as 1 did. I think I have proved that I can
i fight with my knuckles, and how any one
who, wants to tackle me will have to do it
my fashion. I don’t care to travel fifteen
or eighteen hundred miles to fight when a
better place can be had in any large city in
the North and a batter class of people to
witness it besides.” Speaking of the
financial proceeds of the excursion to the
mill, fie said ‘-When I got to New
Orleans I was informed that unless I paid
P® r reof- °f W share of the excursion
money to certain- parties they would pre
vent the fight from taking place. J wrote
ito Ryan and told him of the situation of
affairs and he agreed to give a similar sum.
; He had for his friend Pat D.uffy, and I
William Johnson. Neither of them can
i read or write.
“I wanted to have fho railroad company
I handle all the tickets anq money, but Pad
qy"turned all the management of his part
'of the funds to Duffy. Well, there wer°
twelve passenger coaches and a baggage car
iin the excursion train. Now, if there were
; but sixty people in each passenger coach
lit would make 720 people. Now, 700
I $7,000. The cars cost slo£ sc that all the
, expenses at the excursion could not at the
utmost be more than SI,BOO. That would
leave over $5,000 for us, less the 25 per
cent, for our friends. We ought to have
got about $2,000 apiece, whereas I only got
$1,335 and Ryan SSOO. Os course, I can’t
i tell who got the remainder.*
The lowa fig/ iujtoier says that the tem
poraneo 1 cause in that State, after having
failed under the .leadership first of “fussy
old men and jejune young men” and then
of a “lot of people who had fai'ed in
other profession and’vocation and attached
themselves to the temperance casue for the
purpose of making a living out ofit,”ia
now prospering in the hands of the
and ‘‘to-day it has with it power of public
opinion and public sympathy which has
but to summon all its ehergiee to make it
overmastering and irresistible.” Det the
good Work go on by whomsoever pushed or
led. The great thingis to save the country
from the blight of drunkenness.
THE WESTERN FUXIDS.
TERRIBLE CONDITION OF THE MIS
SISSIPPI VALLEY.
Hundreds of People Driven From Their
Homeu-Destruction of Stock—Men Try
ing To Strengthen The Levees.
' (By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
f Chicago, February 22.—Reports from
i points throughout the West all tell the
. same story of flood and disaster. The rain
t has been general, and in many places ac
, companied by wind and sleet. The tele
graph wires last night, in every direction,
’ were down, and many railroads were badly
washed out. The results, however, except
. from river floods, will not be disastrous.
The most serious inconvenience is from
suspension of traffic along the Ohio and
Lower Mississippi. However, the disas
trous effect of the floods seems to be in
creasing.
Vicksburg, February 22.—The Evening
Commercial publishes the following: “From
Col. D. G. Pepper, a passenger on the
Anchor Line steamer from Helena, this
morning, we learn discouraging particu
lars concerning (he devastation and wide
spread ruin, caused by the breaking of
levees along the river from Memphis to
Greenville. The latest breaks in Tunica
county, Miss., are at Trotter and Gordon, a
mile and a half below Yazoo Pass, and in
Coahoma county, at Ward’s Lake. At the
opening in Louis’ swamp, a large volume
of water is going through to the Sunflower
bottoms. There was a temporary levee at
Trotter’s Ridge, which is all gone. This
levee joined the main one on 001. Edward
RichßTdc'iff’f place,
From the latter place to the break above the
Mound’s place, in Bolivar county, the water
is higher than ever known, and in many
places above the main land. It is only
kept out by small ridges being throw up on
the outer edges of the levees with dirt
taken from the inside portion of the levees.
The levee at the Mound’s Place gave way
Monday night. The special weak points
are in the Robinsville levee, a short distance
below Hushapukara, Lake Charles, at a
point just below Concordia and near Bolivia
Landing. At all these points the water has
been running over the levees, but was stop
ped by use of sandbags and small ridges of
earth thrown up on the top of the levees.
The break at Mound’s Place will overflow
the Deer Creek section.” From the officers
of the steamer Kate Dickson, which arrived
at 11 o’clock to-day, we learn that a tele
gram was received at Hays’ Landing, yester
day, stating that the Bolivar levee had also
broken, from Greenville down, on the
Mississippi side. The levees there are still
intact, and it is hoped they will be able to
stand the heavy pressure.
Memphis, February 22.—The officers of
the steamer City of Greenville confirm the
report published concerning the sad con
dition of affairs now existing throughout
the Mississippi Valley. Thousands of men
are on constant guard along the levees, and
are using every possible means to strength
en the power of resistance and elevate the
crests to prevent the water from inundating
the whole country. The Greenville brought
several thousand sacks, to be used by filling
with earth to aid in strengthening the em
bankments. Twenty-five hundred sacks
were put off at Bolivar Landing, where dan
ger of a break was imminent. Washington,
Issaquera, Bolivar, Coahoma and Tunica
counties, Mississippi -in fact, the whole
shore line between Memphis and Vicksburg,
on the Mississippi, and the whole eastern
shore of Arkansas-are either under water
or threatened with inundation. The in
habitants of this vast area of coun
try are in great distress. Many have
been forced trom their houses, and are
subsisting as beet they may on rafts,
and some on knobs’or parte of old
levees. The destruction of live stock is be
yond calculation. The navigation of the
river itself is regarded by seamen as dan
gerous at its present stage on account of the
great expanse ot water in many localities
and the billowy character of the water when
the surface is swept by heavy gusts of wind;
also, because of the great difficulty of get
ting to safe ports. The Government lights
along the river are maintained with ad
mirable regularity. These lights prove an
incalculable benefit to steamboat men now,
since all bank landmarks have disappeared.
Arkansas City is completely submurged.
Not a single house in that city is free from
the presence of muddy floods. The water
there is represented as being eight inches
higher than the flood of 1876. Houses were
built so as to be above the high flood
level of that year, but in all of them there
is from seven to eight inches of water.
Between Cairo and Memphis the follow
ing points of land only are visible above the
surging flood: The bluffs at Columbus, the
hills back of Hickman, the land on the
Tennessee side, opposite Island No. 10,
New Madrid, Point Pleasant, Tiptonville,
Fulton Bluffs, Randolph, Richardson’s, Is
lands Nos. 35 and 36, and Dean’s Island,
above the head of Centennial Cut-off; forty
miles above Memphis.
St. Louis, February 22.?—The river came
to a standstill this morning, and is now
slowly falling. The railroads are getting
into shape again, and are moving trains by
using each other's tracks where in condition.
GLASCOCK COUNTY.
Matters and Things In That Part of the
Slate.
(Cor. Chronicle and Constitutionalist.)
Gibson, February 22.—The Hpring cam
paign in the interest of the Chronicle and
Constitutionalist was opened at this place
last Monday afternoon. But to reach the
ground selected for this initial movement,
sixty-six miles—fifteen over a difficult
country road by private conveyance—had
been conquered, and yet Augusta, in a
straight line, is but about thirty-five miles
distant from Gibson. And just here it may
bo pertinent to remark that these circuitous
routes from Augusta to various important
points are not unusual, To visit Louisville,
in Jefferson county, by rail, over one hun
dred miles must be traversed, while forty
six covers the total distance from Augusta
by the turnpike. So to see Elberton a jour
ney of more'than one hundred and fifty
miles must be undergone, and yat seventy
five miles is the bee line distance from Au
gusta. Thus, for all practical business pur
poses, Augusta is distant from Elberton one
hundred and fifty miles ;from Louisville, one
hundred, and from Gibson, sixty-slx, which
would seemingly indicate that the projec
tors of the iron ways leading from your city
had not guarded, at every point, the com
mercial interests, and that the present
question must either open up other avenues
or confess a lack of enterprise which is sui
cidal in this progressive age.
Glascock county needs rail facilities, and
offers some inducements for the convenience
of railroad connection. Between the Geor
gia Road, at Dearing, and Gibson, qre vast
tracts of timbered lands, tfia growth of
which alone could supply building materi
als and firewood to the growing city of
Augusta for at least a decade. Then there
is a back country, including Glascock, which
together would probably throw into Augusta
twenty thousand bales of cotton annu
ally. This cotton now goes either to Sa
vannah or Mapon. There is, also, to be
considered tfie traffic which will be gath
ered from this section, aggregating perhaps
the value of another twenty thousand
bales of the fleecy staple. Is not this enu
meration enough to excite the cupidity of
commercial men to the extent of building
an extension of the Goodrich Road eight
miles further to Gibsan 'f Citizens of Glas
cock will assist in the extension by money
conti ibutions. I heard a business man
here say to-day that he would subscribe
two thousand dollars to secure rail facilities
!to Gibson. I believe twenty thousand dol
'■ lars could be raised in the county.
Gibson seems of the world and yet out
j side of it. ft is situated in the heart of a
strictly agricultural section, and nestles
| down under the shadow of a low range of
| sand hills, with Rocky Comfort creek flow
ing at its feet. The location is beautiful,
and, as seen from the hills around, ths
little town presents a pleasing pigfise. it
is rapidly improving, has uo> two churches,
a substantial school building, six or seven
store hoqszs, and a lucrative trade is car
rieq on' by the merchants. Two lawyers’
signs also creak on their hinges hetore the
I February blasts. So it °eem» probable that
the village will yet amount to something,
even without the whistlJ of the locomotive
I to awake the echoes around.
Gibson has for yeais supplied the inhabit
ants of a wide area of country wi,th intoxi
cating beverages, but sosf » determined
effort is being made io break up the traffic.
Two.graq<j juries have already recommend
ed that no licenses be issued afte' April
Ist next, apd from what I codjd learn by a
brief association with people, more than
two-thirds o*. them, favor the prohibition of
the sale of liq uors at Gibson and in
limits of the county.
The Superior Court fcq Glascock is in
session here thtjw&ex, J,udge E. H. Pottle,
the able Executive of the Northern Circqit,
presiding, and the State represented by the
accomplished solicitor, Qc®. Qeo. E. Pierce.
There are gathered here, also, a larger num
ber of lawyers than it has ever been my
pleasure to meet at Gibson. These shrewd
gentlemen must see that Glascock furnishes
opportunities to pick up fees,
or they would dnye twenty or
twenty-pjuea to reach the county site.
The mnapitants are certainly the most in
dependent in the way of provisions that i
have found in my. roundq^’ihecourts.
They live at horns—they have hog and
hominy— med the preacher on yellow
leg cbtokeas and corn bread and milk and
honey of their own raising, and, agricul
ture and stock breeding the chief pur
suits, an occes;tjjai ofay into the swamps
1 after t fc e dangerous wild cat or the. meeker
opqprum are the inexpensive pleasures in
dulged in. There is a considersbh. amount
of cash in the hands of individuals.
The Chbosic’ nis Handsomely sustained
by tfie people.’ The result of a day and a
half's work here shows, ten new subscribers
and a collection of about SIOO, in ono and
two dollar bills. " . ' Sfc
82 A YEAR —POSTAGE PAID.'
GLIMPSES OF YANKEE LAND.
> Visit to a Corset Manufacturer In Neyv
England—Frames for the Form Divine
—Sewing Girls and Their Handiwork.
"Nor e’er did Grecian chisel trace
A nymph, a naid or a grace,
Os fairer form.”- Sir Walter Scott.
I (Correspondent Chronicle and Constitutionalist)
Bridgeport, Conn., February 13.—A De
cember night, of 1864, was drawing its
sable curtain across the horizon, as I drew
rein before a backwoods home in a western
county of Georgia, and asked for entertain
ment for myself and horse until morning.
My request was debated for several min
utes by the half dozen female occupants of
the house—the male members of the house
hold were in the army. There was to be a
dance there that night—the sleeping accom
modations were limited-and the question of
where they could bestow a stranger required
discussion. The weather was bleak and the
roads wretched for even the strongest.
Perhaps these circumstances combined,
with my broken arm. suspended in a
sling, to secure a decision in my favor,
and there being no fire-places in the rooms
up stairs, I was privileged to occupy a chim
ney corner seat, where I could observe the
Jiomely terpsiehorean fun. In those days
the dresses of rural maidens of Georgia were
of homespun fabrics. Corsets were not
worn any more than silks or muslins—un
known commodities in the Confederacy at
that era.
The belles outnumbered the beaux by
three to one;the latter were chiefly wounded
soldiers, on furlough. Among the former was
a girl of seventeen, with laughing, black
eyes, a wealth of waving hair—with health
in face and in footstep, and a grace of figure
and mtrtion beyond portrayal. Her parents
had handicapped her at her christening, for
her name was “Raoky.” But despite this
flinty drawback, she filled my eyes that
evening, as she did my thoughts the next
day, as I pursued my journey, and more
hours than one thereafter. Several years
later I attended a reception in a city of
Georgia, and was introduced to a flashily
dressed lady, toiling with a trail a yard too '
long and laced so tightly that what with
panier and an abnormal curviture forward,
the eccentric form of the kangaroo was sug- ,
gested. Imagine my amazement at disoov
ering in this fashionable distortion the ;
caricature of the enchanting “Rocky,” who, (
had I not have found another even lovelier, ,
might have still been disturbing my dreams. ]
•‘The Fair Sex Will Have Coiseta,
If at the expense of other articles of actual
necessity,” remarked Dr. J. D. Warner, of
this city, to-day." “I discovered this to be
true in my practice of medicine. I knew
that many of my patients were impairing
my efforts in their behalf by their persis
tenco in wearing a class of corsets, the
form and make of which, any one versed in
human anatomy must have known, made
them destructive of the health of women.
But seeing th9 futility of all advice against
wearing corsets, 1 determined to remedy
the evil in another way—by getting up a
corset upon anatomical principles—which
my patients should wearin Neu of the styles
which were injuring them. My undertak
ing was so successful that the demand came
from others than my patients, and although
no thought of going inlo the manufacturing
of corsets had ever entered my head, the
demand for my ‘Health’ Corsets increased
■ntil I found it necessary to engage active
ly in making them.”
“Seven years ago," continued Dr. Warn
er, "I made the first Health Corset. For
two years they were only sold to individu
als, but five years ago the trade began call
ing for them to such an extent that I went
in partnership with a brother; we started
up a manufactory here, which we have en
larged from time to time, until it has reach
ed the proportions you now see.”
Twelve Hundred Sewing Girla
In the employ of one firm, who makes noth
ing but corsets, is an item novel enough
to be recorded. There are 800 girls in the
building in which I make this note, and a
brighter class of operatives I think it im
possible for any factory in the world to
show. This is a monthly pay day, and the
cashier’s office is lined in fropt with girls,
who, one by one, present receipts already
signed, and in return receive envelopes
upon which are corresponding names and
numbers. “I do not know the names of
one-fourth the girls,” remarks Mr. H. F.
Greenman, the affable young manager of
much of the business, “I only know them
by their respective numbers. Some girls
earn more than others. Intelligence, in
dustry and expertness count here as else
where. Some girls make as high as ten or
twelve dollars per weak.”
More than four thousand yards of cloth
are used per day. No less than ten men
are employed in the cutting department.
This single manufacturing has a floor sur
faca of two acres. Warner Brothers are
producing 500 dozen, or 6,000 corsets per
day, and are yet under necessity of en
larging their capacity to meet'tha de
mands for their goods.
The. Secret oi the Growth
Os their business, as set forth by Dr.
Warner, is due to the scientific princi
ples upon which their corsets are
shaped, and the conformity of the
material and making to purposes for
which corsets should be used; the se
curing of the perfect fitting of woman’s
dressing, and the furnishing of a support
for the same, while inflicting no unnatural
tension nor forcing any abnormal posture
of the body. He claims that his careful
anatomical adaptation of the Warner corsets
insure a more graceful figure than the care
lessly formed goods, made to sell—no re
gard being had in the making to their adap
tation to the human form. In other words,
he has shaped his corsets to fit the wearers,
instead of producing torturing stays for
warping the human form into their own
unshapeliness. There is no question but
that some of the corsets on the market are
as nearly proportioned to the form of a wo
man as to that of a crooked-neck squash.
The stiffening material for corsets, with
the immense increase of their manufacture,
has disturbed the composure of manufac
turers. Whalebone, at tpx dollars per pound,
was out of the question for the cheaper, and
even the medium grades. Horn, a good
. substitute when green, was known to be
come brittle when dry, after a short term of
usage Dr. Warner instituted a quest for
some better substitute, and found it in a
Mexican cactus, the fibres of which, spun
and pressed by machines of his own get
ting up, make what is termed "coraline,"
the durability of which is secon 1 only to
whalebone, while maintaining a flexibility
superior even to that stiffening material.
With patents granted for the making of this
material, Warner Brothers enjoy its exclusive
use in the United States, and are enabled to
impose a royalty for ita use in Canada and
the trans-Atlantic provinces. Cheapness
did not enter into the introduction of oora
lineq it was more expensive than horn.
More than twenty thousand dollars were
expended in producing the machine there
for, before a yard of it was made. The
new stiffening material caused a flutter
among competmg corset manufacturers,
and vaftous imitations have been attempted.
Cord, caudle- wicking and other cheap fill
ings are being used. The coraline is hand
somely supplementing the already acquired
reputation of Warner Brothers for using
only the beat materials in their manufactur
ing. Many an establishment, as Dr. War
ner says, has spoiled what might have con
tinued a prosperous business, by cheapen
ing their goods after having acquired a good
reputation for them. “We are as careful in
securing the very best material to-day as
when we began making corsets. Every one
goes through the hands and under the eyes
of four different inspectors before it goes
into the packing room, and any purchaser
of a Warner Brothers corset will confer a
favor by returning one which is discovered
to be defective.”
Be the reasons what they may, thia is
sure, that Warner Brothers have w-thin five
years advanced to the frojai position in
corset making, outranking any competitors,
whether or foreign, in extent or
of manufacturing facilities
qud in production, and yet, even, with this
record, they must yet enlarge '.heir capacity
to meet the calls upon tk.m. The finest of
French goods outrivaled by their
best arsAto* whiph are now taking the place
o. thy. former. The five leading styles of
Warner Brothers’ corsets sue. the Health,
Flexible Hip, Nursing, Abdominal and Co
raline, tlougfi a number of others are in
cluded irj (bail catalogue, so that the most
fastidieuH taste, and almost any figure, are
assured: of satisfactory selection.
The more graceful and healthful forms of
corsets have oqnirihjited to the reform in
tight lacing, and woman is proportionately
hesjt’aier and more comfortable. This is
some compensation, at least to the stronger
sex, when reflecting that in the United
States aboqt <an mfiUona of dollars are paid
annually tot corsets. Risaimi..
A Scheme to Make Money.
WiSAtNojcoN, February 21.—An attempt
is making to induce the Boel Office Depart
ment to buy, for the use of postmasters ‘
throughout the c.ountry, 10,000 scales for
the detection ©f counterfeit money. The
scales a»a not of sufficient fineness to detect
the laet that a gold, coin to a little lighter
than the least current weight, but only to
discover the uatwkly marked difference in i
weight between counterfeit and genuine i
coin Al the Treasury Departu&em, where'
a iew were purchased fox trial, it is stated ’
that the price of them to *om $3 to $5. each, '
according to the fiatoh. The point is made
that inaam.’iP* as the postmasters axe ae-I
eountotoa to the Government to» the funds
received by them to. toviful money, it to
under no ofiligatinu to. furnish them with
such articles. 4 known New York
politician wap. held a conaptoUQW office
under Ereaiffent Grant, seems to have this
matter in charge, and from amount of
lobbying that to expended upon it, it is be
lieved that the Deposed post office pur
chase is only, ofj a scheme. It to re
garded as, in plain English, a,“jpb,” which
to to believed will fajl when the attention, of
the Boetmaster-General has been called to
the influences behind if.
THE FARMERS OF GEORGIA.
, WHAT THEY ARE DOING ANttEXPEOT
TO DO.
Commiuioner Henderson On the Condi,
tion of Georgia Farmers, and the Pros
pects of the Coming Crop—An Interview
which Contains Much of Interest, Ete.,
Etc.
(Atlanta Constitution. J
The farmers of Georgia are now engaged
in preparing for the crop of 1882, and on
yesterday a representative of the Constitution
called at the State Department of Agricul
ture to see if he could obtain any informa
tion as to the outlook.
We found that Commissioner Henderson
had already made considerable inquiry
throughout the State and had definite opin
ions as to the prospect. He gave us the fol
lowing information :
“You can say, to begin with, that the
farmers have planted the largest crop of
grain that has ever been planted in Georgia
since I have been at the head of the Depart-
ment. It is nearly one hundred per cent,
larger than the grain crop of last Winter,
which was, however, an unusually small one.
The farmers have been forced to this ooursa
by the lack of credit with which to buy small
grain, and by the necessity for having some
crop that would bring them early cash.”
“Do youthink the cotton acreage in the
State will be decreased this year r ’
"I am confident that it will be.”
“By how much ?”
“By about 15 per cent. But this acreage
will not show the full deficiency of the next
year's cotton crop, because there will ba
very much less guano used than before,
and this will decrease the yield per acre."
"What falling off is there in the sale of
guano ?”
“I don’t think that there will be over
ninety thousand tons in the State at the
outside this season, against one hundred
and fifty thousand tons last season. From
all quarters we have reports of diminished
sales. The guano men complain that the
farmers arc not buying freely, and they are
not inclined to push sales. The inspection,
fees at our office now amount to about
$37,000, which is less than they were last
year,although the season opened four weeks
earlier than last. The signs are that the in
spections will fall off very heavily from this
date, as inspected gurno is stored in ware
houses all over the State. It is safe to say
that the decrease in the sale of guano in
Georgia this year will amount to fortv per
cent.”
"This will diminish the yield of cotton
per acre ?”
“Yes, I give it as my official opinion that
Georgia will not produce over six hundred
thousand bales of cotton this year, against
eight hundred and fourteen thousand in
1880. There are many reasons beside the
large increase of grain acreage already re
ported that will decrease the cotton acreage
for the year.”
"What are these ?”
“First, is the lack of credit. The coun
try merchants, or, for that matter, the city
merchants, are not able to carry the farmers
this year, as they have done heretofore.
There has been an unusual number of fail
ures, and almost every merchant who ad
vanced money to farmers finds himself be
hind in hie collections and with very little
cash available for advances for the next
crop. The farmers will, therefore, be forc
ed to diversify their crops and rely on their
land to give them their provisions. Then
this matter of no credit goes still further in
its results. In a great many cases it haa
resulted in a great many tenants giving up
their leases and resuming their • places as
day laborers, as they are unable to make a
crop on their own responsibility, and from
almost every section of the State we hear
that landlords are receiving notifications
from their tenants that they will be unable
to farm on shares, or to run alone for the
year. The result of this will be that, where,
large plantations have been cut into small
farms and rented out, they will be thrown
back on the hands of the owner of the
plantation, who must farm them under one
management. The very fact that the tenants
have failed so be self-sustaining by raising
cotton will make him cautious, and he will
plant for diversified crops, so that hia
plantation will support itself, even if it
does not give him a big money profit.
Os course these plantations will be split
up again into small farms in a year or two,
and will be run successfully in that shape as
soon as the small farmers learn that to be
successful they must raise their own pro
visions. The failure of tenants to maintain
themselves simply means the failure of the
all cotton <plan.
In the next place sensible farmers all over
the State who have honestly believed that
they could make money by raising cotton
exclusively have become satisfied that they
have followed a delusion. The sad expe
rience of the past season is enough to show
any man that the farm or plantation de
voted to cotton cannot pay its expenses, 1
have certainly investigated the subject as,
thoroughly as any man, and I say to you,
that I don’t know' a single man in the State
of Georgia, no matter how careful he may
have been, who has made money by making;
an all cotton crop. On the other hand,
there are hundreds of cases where men
with equal chances and with less care have
made snug fortunes on the same sort of *
land, with the same system of labor and in.
the same neighborhood, by raising their
own corn, hay and grain and making cotton
the surplus crop. The influence of theta,
examples is telling at last.”
“What is the condition of the farmers at
present ?”
“It is desperate. They have had short
crops, bad seasons, and have had to buy
all their grain, hay, mules, hogs, cattle and
everything of the sort. They have had to
pay enormous time nrices for all of this,
amounting, as I have found from actual in
vestigation, to 54 per cent, per annum in
terest, and at the end of the seasons have
found themselves without money and with
out credit, and the truth is that they have
no choice as to whether they will decrease
their cotton acreage and increase their
provision acreage or not. They are forced
to do so. They have not the money to
sustain themselves on the all cotton plan,
and they cannot get it. Their misfortunes
will in this respect prove blessings in dis
guise; for it only needs practical test to
show that the corn raiser in Georgia has
independence and competency ahead, whila
the cotton man has certain and inexorable
failure. There is no question more impor
tant to us than this. There is nothing that
could be done for Georgia that would bring
such certain and abundant prosperity as to
have her farmers reduce their acreage of
cotton thirty per cent, and add that per
centage to diversified crops. They would
get more for their cotton raised on thia
decreased acreage than they get now, and
they would have no debts to pay when tha
season was over.”
“You think that the reform has started
in earnest ?"
“I do. The acreage of grain put in this
Winter is already large enough to make a
decrease in cotton acreage certain and to
promise substantial relief to the people
early in the Summer. Besides this neces
sity, common sense and experience combine
to demonstrate that the crops planted with
in the next sixty days will show more grain
and less cotton than we have seen in
Georgia for years.”
We will keep the readers of the Constilu
tion informed Fas to the outlook as develop
ed at the Department of Agriculture by
Commissioner Henderson’s comprehensiva
and admirable ssytem of inquiries.
RAILROAD DECISION.
Duties of a Compaay to Provide Express
Accommodations.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Sr. Louis, February 23.—A decision was
rendered in the United States Court to-day,
in the case of the Southern Express Compa
ny vs. the Iron Mountain and Southern
Railway. Other cases were amalgamated
with this, and the decision affects not only
the Iron Mountain but, also, the Memphis
and Little Rock, Missouri, Kansas and Tex
as, and the suit of Adams Express Com
pany, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe and
Denver and Rio Grande Beads. Justice
Miller, in his opinion, holds that the Courta
of Equity can compel the railroad compa
nies to provide for facilities of express
business, •to furnish cars for that pur
pose, and to afford equal facilities to
all express companies actually engaged
in that business;, that only fair and rea
sonable rates shall be charged tor carrying
such matter and the agent in charge of it.
The rate oanfiot be fixed in advance,by rail
road companies, nor can collections be
made at the end of each journey, but the
Courts can regulate the compensation for
such service after it has been performed,
and the railroad companies can be protec
ted by bond, to be given by the express
company. The injunction heretofere grant
ed in the Chambers is continued in force.
Readino, Fa., February 23. —Judge
Hagenman, to-day, rendered a decision to
the effect that the Reading Railroad Com
pany’s issue of deferred bonds is legal, and
that it is within the power of said company
to issue bonds without naming the time
for redemption.
THE STOCK PANIC.
Excitement on The New York Stock Ex*
change Yesterday.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
New Yobk, February 23.—The Post’s
financial article says: “This afternoon wit
neßsedsmore excitement and wider fluctua
tions in the stock market than has been
seen on any day for many months, and for
a few minutes, between 1 and 2 o’clock, the
market was in the condition of a panic.
It was at this time that Richmond and Dan
ville stock fell B£> points, and that several
stocks, which are well distributed among
many holders, fell from 2 to 7 points. This
condition of a panic did not continue up to
2 o’clock, and in the last hour, when the
market was feverish and unsettled, no one
seemed anxious to sell without regard t©
pries.”