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W* WteWi ©trwirle t (f onstihrtionalist
VOLUME XCV
TBRMB.
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ADDREH.H all communications to
WALSH A WRIGHT,
Cnaosi.t.x A Constitutionalist,
Augusta, Ga.
LETTER FROM WASHINGTON.
(From a Staff Correspondent)
WihlTLsoton, February 27.—This has
been a perfect day—cloudless and brilliant
like the first tint of the Spring. Mr. Blaine
could not have asked from Nature any more
glorious gift for the setting of his memorial
oration upon Garfield. The city was in ,
holiday attire, and the grand avenue was
thronged with people. The Capitol was
beseiged by eager crowds of men and wo- I
men seeking admittance; but only those
who had secured tickets were permitted to
enter the building. Ah I passed the east I
door and went across the pavement of tho
rotnnda, the well-known figures of Gens.
Hancock and Sheridan, sorrounded by
a handsome staff, were encountered.— !
They were awaiting the signal to
proceed to the Representatives Hall, in
the corridor of which the Marine Band
was stationed in musical array. The gal
leries were jammed with humanity. No
negroes or colored people were perceptible
exce.pt upon the floor. There tho striking
physiognomy of Frederick Douglass stood
in bold relief. A little to one side sat one
of tho mulatto contestants. Well to the
front, among the Senators, and next to Mr. !
Frye, Register Bruce eonld be discerned.
The foreign legations were present with all
their finery, conspicuous among them be
ing the Chinese and Japanese Manda- I
rins, with their curious hats and silk
gowns. The most imposing figure was
that of the man who represented the most I
insignificant Government —Hawaii -and the
lest striking presence was that of Minister
West, who personified the mightiest of em
pires. The British Minister was covered
with paraphernalia, but it did not make
him appear half as dignified as the grand
looking Yankee who, in plain black suit,
illustrated the pigmy domain of King Bill
Lunalilo. Generals of the Army and Ad
mirals of the Navy came in without
special announcement. The Senators
were formally introduced, as also were
the Judges of the Supreme Conrt,
the President and his Cabinet, and Mr.
Blaine and his retinue. It was odd to
see little George Vest walking beside the
Tall Sycamore of the Wabash; while Ju -’gee
Field, Matthews and Gray towered loftily
above the dwired forms of Judges Bradley
and Woods. Conkling would have created an
immense eensati in had he stalked along in
his judicial robe. He might, however,
have been met, as the President was, I
with slight applause and a distinct un
dercurrent <f hisses, from a few cranks
who seem to think that Garfield’s I
memory can be honored by insults to j
his Constitutional successor. When Mr. I
Blaine appeared, ho was received with
mild, but not vociferous, applause. He
looks to me like a broken man. There is a ;
visible droop of the shoulders as of a stout
gladiator who has suffered a supreme rial
buffet from the hand of Fate. His counte
nance has lost its vivid audacity, and the
■step is no longer elastic and dominant.
• Possibly the solemnity of the occasion
gave him an unwonted gloominess of de
meanor, and the memory of what he had
won and lost, in ths rise and death of Gar
field. was calculated to bow a haughtier
bead. The shadow cast by Arthur’s
authority may have afflicted his soul,
as the shadow of the Raven imprison
.ed the spirit of its unhappy master. He
was no longer the Rupert of debate, the
later Olay in the Speaker s chair, the dash
ing antagonist of Ben Hill, the formidable
forayer who kept tho ex-Confederate Sen
ators in hot water perpetually, or the fiery
o eniua of the State Department. He rather
resembled what we might think Hamlet
•wot-’ld have been had he survived the
tragedy of Danmark's sacreligio.is royalty
and gtvwn old and worn and gray. It rosy
be. howerer, that Mr. Blaine, who is a con
summate dramatist when the occasion
serves, had adapted himself to the mourn-
Xul invironmeuf. that the languor was not
the desperate strait ot Wolsey, but the craft
of lion-hearted Richelieu. At any rath, tha
metamorphosis was startling in its reality or
counterfeit, and it canto to flje with porten
tous force, remembering sts 1 dill the days
-of his might, splendor and energy.
As the prayer ended and the martial Jl.~yo
of the band died away to an echo, the ora-■
tor of the day rose at the Clerk s desk, with
« parting glance at the gigantic portrait of ,
G irfieid which was placed above the Speak
er's dais, and proceeded to read from print- I
ed slips what he had prepared with care and
labor. Ha bad a delicate task to perform,
and to Ao that faithfully, commensurate
with his own reputation and the fame of the
maitvrod President, was something to tax
the sa’ill of any master of the noble English
tonguA The "overwhelming opinion, from
friend all J <oc. is that he did ample justice
to himself and the subject of his essay.
The beet wort’ t® describe it was that used i
in the resolution of thanks. It was an “ap- ;
vropriatr enlogy. I admit that, at first blush,
it seemed to me tanl* and common place.
But tho more I dwell tlp on it the more it
grows upon Kiy regard as a finished compo
sition—a just tribute, a trencbiU* analysis,
and a reverent panegyric. Its chist fault, ■
*f it be a fault in such an utterance, w<« .’he
almost utter absence of reference to kjr. j
Garfield’s errors. Likely enough Mr. ;
Blaine considered that he was commission- -
ed not to discover flaws or to criticise de
fects. but to herald torth the sublime vir- ’
tues of his hero, whose imperfections
had been obliterated by suffering and j
oaseci'atvd by death. But if any
■curious reader’ desires to see how one
great man could comprehend and in
dicate the strength and weakness of an
other, wail luminous logic and in compara
ble rhetoric let him procure the grand
wpeech ofJautiM H. Hammond upon the life
smd character at' John C. Calhoun. I feel
wosse natural del*CJu>y in making the com
panion, because of- <W»Hy relation; but,
uusting aside all such a.x.aroial consider
atfens, for tbs sake of truth ».ml honest
aopittion, 1 do not bestitate to deaim. that
the polished period* of Blaine, maralialhng ,
±h« praises of Garfield, are not to be men
tioned io the same breath with Hammond’s
majeorie oratien upon Calhouu if any in
telligent mas doubts this, let him pkts the
Awo efforts aids by side, and see how the
glorious intellect of the South Carolinian .
aspires eagle-winged ts bright I that the fee
bler meatal pinion of ths Han from Maine
eonld never follow.
As Mr. Blaine’s eulogy has bees u: pnnt
Xor some days and presumably at the dis
neael of every daily paper in the land, it is
not at all necessary (or me to make any 1
B vnopsis of it. I wilt merely glance here
there at some of its chief points, with
a rap’d, running comment upon tosm The
first th-W that attracted my aiUnticn was
the Biioaker’s evident ignorance of the
French lat-gnaß*- H « „ fcr K* dly
nounced eouV common Gallu uwaes. and
thia was a blur the brightness of fte
narrative. The Bp e*ch was largely bio
graphical. It was re*: sonorous pre-
ioion, but never soared iff! othat eloquence
xrturh thrills ths hearer and hia blood
to obnflagraticn. Tha flight perhaps
■aooievsL Tuere may have bsefi #»?ch art
an this, for the orator had to PtiTP
hie paa.iionate temper and steer li)s
cark safe.v between Scvlla and Cha
ry bitt A. did this with clever-
ness and tact. Once only he verged upon
volcanic ground, but only the rumble
of the hidden thux’der was heard for a mo
ment and no apertoic unclosed for the exit
ot central fire. In detm’ing Garfield's mili
tary exploit against Hun. r 'hrey Marshall,
he stated that 2,000 Wtwrern soldiers had
.xmquered and put to rout S.CKD Kentuck
ians. A Louisville lady, shocked and in
dignant at what she believed to be s mon
strous fiction, left the Halt I ask
ed a Western Republican Congressman
what he thought of this. He answer
ed : “I have read authentic histories
of the war, written at the North and
Bouth, but never before heard of that affair
in that way. Mr. Blaine was probably mis
led by some newspaper canard. If it really
did happen, which I doubt, there was no
repetition subsequently. No 5.000 OdLi
federates ever ogam ran from 2.000 Union
soldiers." At this point, and afterward,
when referring to the battle of Chickamauga.
I noticed that General Rosecrane, who wat.
grim and venerable, among the Democratic
Representatives, evidently dissented from
the speaker’s conclusions. Mr. Blaine was
more at home when sketching the unparal
leled career of Garfield from hfe 24th to
his 30th year, when he sprang from
a College Presidency to a Major-General
ship and from distinction in the field to
leadership and renown in the forum. The
mm who, in stormiest times, conld repre
sent the Ashtabula District of Ohio in nine
Congresses innst perforce have been a prod
> igy. One of the neatest and subtlest pass
ages of the speech was that summing up
the test of merit in the House and the sur
vival there of the fittest. The youngest
member but one, in his first term as a Con
gressman, Garfield instantly became a lead
er alongside the redoubtable Thaddens Ste
vens himself. There are also in this ora
tion some admirable disquisitions upon the
necessity of hard work to secure the fruits
of genius, and the discrimination between
the parliamentary debater and the party
leader. But, as was eminently fitting, the
final paragraphs of this essay are the best,
because they treat of the triumph over cal
umny, the straggle of a sensitive spirit
i with the cormorants and buzzards who '
! gathered over the Federal carcass; the i
I dream of speeches to be made at Yorktown, '
Columbia and Atlanta; the Utopian vision
* of a sectional' happy family, united by a !
material prosperity common to all; the :
absence ot malice and revenge, while ■'
steadfast for honorable reform ; the ■
liberal, charitable Christianity that Gasp
ed affectionately the hand of a Roman .
Catholic priest and embraced Bob Ingersoll.
These traits of the marvellous Garfield were
grouped with vigor and picturesqueness.
Then with tender pathos, and something
like a sob in the melancholy intonation, ;
the speaker told how on the morning of 1
July 2d, Garfield went forth as jocund as
a boy in the first day of vacation, without
the dimmest presage of the shadow of
death. The sombre Lincoln had the mys
terious warning of his dark image in the
mirror; but the sunny-hearted Garfield
looked full-eyed into the future and be
hold no spectre there. Then cime the !
thunderbolt from a clear sky; then the [
unspeakable calamity. But great as he had :
' been in healthy life, he was greater in en
' durance of mortal wounds, and greatest in j
; death; for “above the demoniac hiss of the j
, assassin’s bullet, he heard the voice of)
God !" And so he journeyed from tha hot
! confinement of the White House to gaze
upon the mighty main. As the great Eng
lish poet brought Childe Harold, after many
wanderings, to finish his pilgrimage by the
shores oftho o?ean - “the image of eternity;
the throße of the Invisible”-so the gifted
American conducted that vast and hushed
audience to the chamber at Long Branch,
where tlw noble spirit of Garfield was to be
enfranchised from the prison of tlesh, soar
i ing above the blind, material globe, to seek
the gates of Paradise that gleam beyond the
eternal sea.
The voice of the speaker was silent. His
labor of love was done. From every nook
and cranny of the hall a resonant applause
broke the momentary stillness. Tho per
functory prayer of the Chaplain and the
commonplace routine ot the dismissal of
Senators and Representatives sounded al
most like profanation. The masses of men
and women slowly dissolved into groups
and streamed out of the building. Arthur
‘ drove to the White House, passing on his
i way thither the ci’.y prison behind whoso
stone walls and iron bars is confined the
madman whe wrought a wrong so terrible
i that mercy for him hardly exists; but who
I likewise has made history—the strange
| complications of which will outlast his mis
erable life. J. R. R.
TUB CONVICT LEASE.
An InUir.Uni; Question in the Matter—
Are the I.e««ee» Bunnd Co Famish Trang
portatlun co Convivia Whose Time Have
Kxpiretl >
Yesterday morning a negro named Rich
ard Rogers applied to the Mayor for a free
pass over railroads to Sumter county. Upon
being questioned by tho Mayor, he said that
ho had just served out his time—four years
and a half—with Bondurant A Jopling, as
a convict, that he had no money and no
way to get back to his home in Sumter
county; hence wanted a pauper pass. The
Mayor told him it was the duty of Bondu
rant & Jopling to furnish the transporta
tion and advised him to ask them for it, and
if they did not furnish it, to go to Judge
E re. Bondurant A Jopling declined to fur
nish the transportation, and the ex-convict
thereupon stated the case to Judge Eva,
who wrote a note to the firm, calling their
attention to section 4 of the act “Fo provide
for ths better inspection and comfort of
convicts," passed by the Legislature in
1881. which reads as follows :
“Fhat upon tha discharge of any convict
he i-hall be furnished by the lessee with a
suit of citizen's clothes not to cost less than
six dollars and transportation to the county
from which he or she was sentenced.”
Judge Eve requested Bondurant <fc Jop
ling to comply with this law. They had
furnished Rogers with the suit of clothes,
but declined to give him tho transportation,
which cost seven dollars and a half.
Bondurant <t Jopling declined to comply
with Judge Eve’s request and said the law
passed by the Legislature was not binding
upon the lessees. The firm are not lessees
of tho convicts trom the State, but sub-let
them from Mr. Lowe, of Atlanta, who is the
lessee. They Mated that they had received
instructions from Mr. Lowe not to furnish
transportation.
Li. A. Dugas, Jr., Esq , Solicitor of the
City Court, called upon Messrs. Ganahl <S
Wright, attorneys for Bondurant A Jopling,
and laid the matter before them. They
stated that they were satisfied the law was
unconstitutional, null and void, as having
been passed after the lease was made, and
its enforcement impaired the obligation of a
contract, which was contrary to the Consti
tution. This act. they said, doubled the
original price which the lessee agreed to
pay for tho convicts without their consent,
aud, was therefore, not only unconstitution
al, but inequitable, and they proposed to
make a test case m the Courts.
Judge Eve and Solicitor Dugas hojd that
the law is not unconstitutional and can be
enforced. Judge Eve telegraphed to Gov
ernor Colquitt last evening, asking him to
enforce tha act. He says if the law is not
enforced released convicts from other coun
ties will be turned loose in this community,
thus fringing in an idle, vicious class.
LRTTEK FROM MADISON.
The Fir« In Madison—-The Unfortanales
Therein—'The Kleiilon For* Fe»pe’’ Or
No Fence Tilt Latter Trlvuiphaut-
A Model Farm.
(Correspondent Chronicle ami Constitutionalist.)
Madison. March I.—Yesterday morning,
about four o'clock, the cotton warehouse
on Railroad street, in this city, belonging
to Thomas W. Head, but leased and occu
pied by the Griggs Brothers, was discover
ed to lx> ob fire and. despite all efforts to
save it, was rapidly consumed, together
with about 600 bales of cfctton. Os these
134 bales belonged to James L. Tucker,
of Jasper county ; 41 to J M. and G. D.
Perry; 28 to A O. Baccus; 23 to A. O.
Zachery; 20 to Thos. H. Moody, and about
50 to other persons, all of whom were un
jnsureiL Between 300 and 400 bales were
as was also the building itself for
nearly ftjll value. The heroic efforts of a
number of cytjgens. led by Emanuel Hey
ser. arrested Die dye and saved the re
mainder df the block. Three or four
young fellows, proprietors ol a "flying
jenny," which had been running heis a
week acted so gallantly m this work that
the City Council ordered the Treasurer to
refund to them the amount they had paid
as tax to the city—slo or $25. I regret I ■
have not the names of tuese young fellows,
so as to give them, byway of jecommen- j
dation. to the public.
Yesterday, the "Fence” or No Fence"
election was held in the county resulting
as follows : Fence. 532 ; no fence. 754; so
that, out of 1,286 votes polled, the majority
for “No Fence" was 222. There are charges
of fraud on both sides, and some talk of a
cqaV 9t by tho “Fence” men; bnt I appre
hend tin— this election, like nine out of ten
of all the othqa eljotions that have ev« been
contested, wul stana it? ground. Tne
Leaqficent results of this wis», progressive
, sUpiq Morgan are so plainly visible
I ahead that no jjqonhet is needed to read j
them, to the
In ihe getreral neglect aqa dilapidation i
of the farms and farm houses the I
‘ jt is refreshing to find new and then, I
. thaqgb very rarely, exceptions that re- j
' mind *a of th® olden time, when sj
Georgia piaawuon was a type of order ;
and thrift, if not -f sristccratic luxu- ’
ry. One of these exceptions is the home |
;of Mr. W. H. Crawford and wife,
hva miles from this city, ea the Mon
ticello road, at which ysur correspondent, I
with a Vis geftial Madison friends, spent ’
a dav this week mos* pleasantly. The grove, :
; grounds, walks and drites and around ;
! the handsome residence render R very at- !
i tractive indeed to the mere passer by but j
when entered Ujf pictures and other pro- >
ducts of art -many of them created by Mrs. ;
; Crawford hetself—arranged ;3 the perfec
tion of taste, are sc many proofs of how !
mjjeh mar be done bran areompHahc-d iafiy,
towards beautifying a hotfle. Mr-1 rawford ‘
j is a native Vligjoiau-which is 3? tbtit
■ hospitality is one of i}je necessary elements
< of his constitution. an energetic
1' farmer, he reems as fond of his kennel of
fox bounds as of ell his lands, and can site
as many trophies o< ihn chase, perhaps, as;
I any other Iqver of the sport in Georgia. :
! Life in the cocmtry, on his farm, with its ,
I delicious fruits, its vintage, aud its crops, <
not of cotton only, LU of cereals, crowned j
by a pretty home, where art and beauty are
- not i-jnored, is just what life should fee, and
could be on every other farm in our country,,
if its possessor only had the will to make
j R 33 Moruas.
team in Secret Session.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
I CcrmreiA. S. C.. Kassh 2-—A conference
of South Carolina Republicans is now in
secret session in Parkin'e Hail. It is ab
solutely impossible to obtain the slightest
information, as reporters have teen ex
eluded and guards are stationed at all ap
proaches. There are whites and negroes in
the meeting.
THE DEAD PRESIDENT.
MEMORIAL SERVICES BY THE CON
GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mr. Blaine Head* Ills Oration In a Loud
aud Dlatlnct Voice—A Dletlugaisiied
Audience—Full Text of the Oration.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Washimotom, February 27.—At 10 o’clock
the doors of the Capitol were opened, and
in a half an hour the galleries of the House
were filled with those fortunate enough to
hold tickets to the Garfield memorial ser
vices. The House was called to order at
12 o’clock, and prayer was offered by the
Chaplain. The Speaker announced the
House ready to perform its part of the cere
monies. At 12:10 the members of the
Senate entered, followed by the Judges of
the Supreme Court. The President arrived
a few minutes later. Prayer was offered by
Chaplain Power. The President pro tem.,
Davis, introduced Mr. Blaine. Mr. Blaine,
in a loud and clear voice, read his oration,
as follows:
Ma. President—For the second time in
this generation the great departments of the
Government of the United States are assem
bled in the Hall of Representatives to do
honor to the memory of a murdered Presi
dent. Lincoln fell at the close of a mighty
struggle in which the passions of meii had
been deeply stirred. The tragical termina
tion of his grert lite added but another to
the lengthened succession of horrors which
had marked so many lintels with the blood
of the first born. Garfield was slain in a
day of peece, when brother had been recon
ciled to brother, and when anger and hate
had been banished from the land. “Who
ever shall hereafter draw the portrait of
murder, if he will show it as it has been ex
hibited where such example was last to have
been looked for, let him not give it the
grim visage of Moloch, the brow knitted by
revenge, the face black with settled hate.
Let him draw, rather, a decorous smooth
faced, bloodless demon ; not so much an
example of human nature iu its depravity
and in its paroxysms of crime, as an infer-r
nal being, a fiend iq the ordinary display
and development of his character.”
From the landing of the Pilgrims at Ply
mouth till the uprising against Charles
First, about twenty thousand emigrants
came from old England to New England.
As they camo in pursuit of intellectual free
dom and ecclesiastical independence rather
than for worldly honor and profit, the emi
gration naturally ceased when the contest
for religions liberty began in earnest at
home. The man who struck his most ef
fective blow for freedom of conscience by
sailing for the colonies in 1620 would have
been accounted a deserter to leave after
1640. The opportunity had then come on
the soil of England for that great contest
which established the authority of Parlia
ment, gave religious freedon to the people,
sent Charles to the block, and committed to
the hands of Oliver Cromwell the Supreme
Executive authority of England. The Eng
lish emigration was never renewed, and
from these twenty thousand men with a
small emigration from Scotland and from
France are descended the vast numbers who
have New England blood in their veins.
In 1685 the revocation of the edict of
Nantz by Louis XlVscattered to other coun
tries four hundred thousand Protestants,
who were among the most intelligent and
enterprising of French subjects—merchants
of capital, skilled manufacturers, and handi
craftsmen, superior at thetime to all others
in Europe. A considerable number of these
Huguenot French came to America; a few
landed in New England and became honor
ably prominent in its history. Theirnames
have, in large part, become anglicised, or
have disappeared, but their blood is trace
able in many of the most reputable families,
and their famfe is perpetuated in honorable
memorials and useful institutions.
From these two sources, the English Pu
ritan and the French Huguenot, came the
late President—his father, Abram Garfield,
being descended from the one, and his mo
ther, Eliza Ballou, from the other.
It was good stock on both sides —none bet
ter, none braver, none truer. There was in
it an inheritance of courage, of manliness,
of imperishable love of liberty, of undying
adherence to principle. Garfield was proud
of his blood; and, with as much satisfaction
as if he were a British nobleman reading his
stately ancestral record in Burke's Peerage,
he spoke of himself as ninth in descent
from these who would not endure the op
pression of the Stuarts, and seventh in de
scent from the brave French' Protestants
who refused to submit to tyranny even from
tha Grand Monarque.
General Garfield delighted to dwell on
these traits, and, during his only visit to
England, he busied himself in discovering
every trace of bis forefathers iu parish reg
istries and on ancient army rolls. Sitting
with a friend in the gallery of the House of
Commons one night after a long day’s labor
in this field of research, hesaid with evident
elation that in every war in which for three
centuries patriots of English blood had
struck sturdy blows for constitutional govern
ment and human liberty, his family had
been represented. Thev were at Marston
Moor, at Nasebv and at Preston; they were
at Bunker Hill, at Saratoga, and at Mon
mouth, end in his own person had battled
for the same great cause in the war ivhich
preserved the Union of the States.
Losing his father before he was two years
old, the early life of Garfield was one of
privation, but its poverty has been made
indelicately and unjustly prominent.
Thousands of readers have imagined him
as the ragged, starving child, whose reality
too often greets the eye in the squalid sec
tions of ourjarge cities. General Garfield’s
infancy and youth had none of their desti
tution, none of their pitiful features appeal
ing to the tender hearts and to the open hand
of charity. He was a poor boy in the same
sense in which Henry Clay was a poor boy;
in which Andrew Jackson was a poor boy;
in which Daniel Webster was a poor boy; in
the sense in which a large majority of the
eminent men of America in all generations
have been poor boys. Before a great multi
tude of men, in a public speech, Mr. Web
ster bore this testimony :
“It did not happen to me to be born in a
log cabin, but my elder brothers and sis
ters were born in a log cabin raised amid
the snow-drifts of New Hampshire, at a
period so early that when the smoke rose
first from its rude chimney and curled over
the frozen hills there ivas no similar evi
dence of a white man’s habitation between
it and the settlements on the rivers of Cana
da. Its remains still exist. I make to it an
annual visit. I carry my children to it to
teach them the hardships endured by the
generations which have gone before them.
I love to dwell on the tender reusllectjons,
the kindred ties, the early affections, and
the touching narratives and incidents which
mingle with all I know of this primitive
family abode."
With the requisite change of scene the ■
same words would aptly portray the early I
days ol Garflold. The poverty of the fron- j
tier, where all are engaged in a common j
straggle aud where a common sympathy :
and hearty co-operation lighten the burdens \
of each, is a very difierent poverty, different !
in kind, different in influence and effect i
from that conscious and humiliating indi-1
gonce which is every day forced to contrast I
iteeli with neighboring wealth on which it i
feels a sense or grieving dependence. The |
poverty of the frontier is indeed no poverty.
It is but the beginning of wealth, and has '
the boundless possibilities of the future J
always opening before it. No man ever I
grew np in the agricultural regions of the I
West where a house raising, or even a corn- !
husking, is matter of common interest j
and helpfulness, with any other feeling i
than that of broad minded, generous in de-1
pendance. Thia honorable independence i
marked the youth of Garfield as it marks \
the youth of millions of the best blood and j
brain now training for (he future oitizm- ;
ship and future government of the Re- :
public. Garfield was born heir to land, to i
the title of freeholder which has baen the I
patent and passport of self-respect with the
Anglv-Saron race ever since Hengist and j
Horas Ufa Jeu 04 the shores of England.
His adventure os til's t*uu-:n alternative ;
between that and the deck ol a iaae grie I
scucxmer —was a farmer' boy’s device tor ■
earning money, just as the New England
Isd begins a gsesibly great career by sail
-1 ing before the m&si ou a roasting vessel or
on a merchant man baunaTo farther In- |
dia<>r to the China Seos.
No manly man feels anything of shame in .
looking back to early straggles with adverse
■ circumstances, and no man feels a worthier
1 pride than wken jis has conquered the ob-
I stacles to his progress, gut no one of no-
• ble mould desires, to be louksd upon as
I having occupied a menial position, as ha* -.
' ing been repressed by a feeling of inferiori
ty, ot as fearing suffered the evils of fiover
! tv until relief was found at the hand of
I chanty. General Gsrkeid’s youth presant-
■ ed no hardships which family jovp and fam- l
. fly energy did not overcome, subjected Bi® ■
' to co pp:rations which he did not cheerful- '
ly accept, an* left no memories save those '
which were recsiveff with delight, and trans-'
mitted with profit ana wflk pride.
Garfield’s early opportunities for pec*-ring
m education were extremely limited' as,d ’
Tet were sufficient to develop in him an in-;
I tense desire to learn. He could read at
1 three rears of age, ssd each Winter he had
I the advantage of the aistp’ct school. He
i reel all the books to be founa within the
I circle of bis acquaintance: some ot them te
: got bw heart. While yet in childhood he
* was a constant student of the Bible, and be
; came familiar with its literatnre. The dig
nity and earnestness of his speech in his
Kiaturer life gave evidence of this early
training. At eighteen years of age he was
able to reach school, Sfld thenceforward his
ambition was to obtain a goliega education.
To this end he bent all his efforts, work
ing in the harvest field, at the carpenter’s
bench, and in the Winter season, teaching
the common schools of the neighborhood.
While thus laboriously occupied he found
limo to prosecute his studies, and was so
s - ccessfal that at twenty-two years of age
he was able to enter th? junior class of
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 8, 1882.
: Williams College, then under the presidency
of the venerable and honored Murk Hop
kins, who, in the fullness of his powers,
survives the eminent pupil to whom he was
I of inestimable service.
I The history of Garfield’s life, to this
period, presents no novel features. He
had undoubtedly shown perseverance, self-
I reliance, self-sacrifice, and ambition—quali
: ties which, be it said for the honor of our
country, are everywhere to bo found among
; the young men of America. But from his
graduation at Williams onward, to the hour
of his tragical death, Garfield’s career was
eminent and exceptional. Slowly working
through his educational period, receiving
his diploma when twenty-four years of age,
he seemed at one bound to spring into con
spicuous and brilliant success. Within six
years he was successively President of a
college. State Senator of Ohio, Major-Gen
eral of the Army of the United States, and
i Representative-elect to the National Con
: gress. A combination of honors so varied,
j so elevated, within a period so brief and to
a man so young, is without precedent or
i parallel in the history of the country.
i Garfield’s army life was begun with no
other military knowledge than suqii as he
i had hastily gained from books in the few
j months preceding his march to the field.
I Stepping from civil life to the head of a
; regiment, the first order he received when
; ready to cross the Ohio was to assume com-
I mand of a brigade, and to operate as an in
j dependent force in Eastern Kentucky. His
I immediate duty was to check the advance of
■ Humphrey Marshall, who was marching
I down the Big Sandy with the intention of
j occupying in connection with other Con
i federate forces the entire territory of Ken-
I tucky, and of precipitating the State into
| secession. This was at the close of the year
: 1861. Seldom, if ever, has a young col
lege professor been thrown into a mire em
barrassing and discouraging position. He
; knew just enough of military science, as he
! expressed it himself, to measure the extent
: of his ignorance, and with a handful of
men he was marching, in rough Winter
weather, into a strange country, among a
hostile population, to confront a largely
superior force under the command of "a
distinguished graduate of West Point, who
had seen active and important service in
two preceding wars.
The result of the campaign is matter of
history. The skill, the endurance, the ex-
■ trsordinary energy shown by Garfield, the
I courage he imparted to his men, raw and
i untried as himself, the measures he adopt
ed to increase his force and to create in the
enemy's mind exaggerated estimates of his
numbers, bora perfect fruit in the routing
of Marshall, the capture .of his camp, the
dispersion of his force, and the emancipa
tion of an important territory from the con
trol of the rebellion. Coming at the close
of a long series of disasters to the Union
arms, Garfield’s victory had an unusual
and extraneous importance, and, in the j
popular judgment, elevated the young com
mander to the rank of a military hero.
With less than two thousand men in his
entire command, with a mobilized force of
only eleven hundred, without cannon, he
h id diet an army of five thousand and de
feated them—driving Marshall’s forces suc
cessfully from two strongholds of their own '
selection, fortified with abundant artillery.
Major-General Buell, commanding the De
partment of the Ohio, an experienced and
able soldier of the regular army, publish
ed an order of thanks and congratulation
on the brilliant result of the Big Srndy
campaign, which would have turned the
head of a leas cool and sensible man than
Garfield. Buell declared that his services
had called into action the highest qualitiss
of a soldier, and President Idncoln supple
mented these words of praise by the more
substantial reward of a brigadier-general’s
commission, to bear date from the day of
his decisive victory over Marshall.
The subsequent military career of Gar
field fully sustained its brilliant beginning.
With his new commission ho was assigned
to the command of a brigade in the Army
of the Ohio, aud took part in the second
and decisive day’s fight iu the great battle
of Shiloh. The remainder of the year 1862
was not especially eventful to Garfield, as
it was not to the armies with which he was
serving. His practical sense was called
into exercise in completing tho task assign
ed him by General Buell, of reconstructing
bridges and re-establishing lines of railway
communication for the army. His occupa
tion in this useful but not brilliant field
was varied by service on courts martial of
importance, in which department of duty
he won a valuable reputation, attracting the
notice and securing the approval of the able
and eminent Judge Advocate-General of
the Army. That of itself was warrant to
honorable fame; for among the great men
who in those trying days gave themselves,
with entire devotion, to the service of their
country, one w’ho brought to that service
the ripest learning, the most fervid elo
quence, the most varied attainments, who
labored with modesty and shunned ap
plause, who in the day of triumph sat re
served and silent and grateful—as Francis
Deak in the hour of Hunifary’s delivaranae
—was Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, who, in
his honorable retirement, enjoys the respect
and veneration of all who love the Union of
the States.
Early in 1863 Garfield was assigned to
the highly important and responsible post
of Chief of Staff to Gen. Rosecrans, then at
the head of the Army of the Cumberland.
Perhaps, in a great military campaign, no
subordinate officer requires sounder judg
ment and quicker knowledge of men than
the Chief of Staff to the Commanding Gen
eral. An indiscreet man in such a nosition
can sow more discord, breed more jealousy
and disseminate more strife than any other
officer in the entire organization. When
Gen. Garfield assumed his new duties he
found various troubles already well devel
oped and seriously affecting the value and
efficiency of the Army of the Cumberland.
Tbe energy, the impartiality, and the tact
with which he sought to allay these dissen
sions, and to discharge the duties of his new
and trying position will always remain one
of the most striking proofs of his great versa
tility. His military duties clgsed on the
memorable field of Chickamauga, a field
which, however disastrous to the Union
arms, gave to him the occasion of winning
imperishable laurels. The very rare distinc
tion was accorded him of a great promotion
for his bravery on a field that was lost.
President Lincoln appointed him a Major-
General in the Army of the United States
for gallant and meritorious conduct in the
battle of Chickamauga.
The Army of the Cumberland was reor
ganizsd under the command of General
Thomas, who promptly ottered Garfield one
of its divisions. He was extremely desirous
to accept the position, but was embarrassed
by the fact that he had, a year before, been
elected to Congress, and the time when he
must take his seat was drawing near. He
preferred to remain in the military service,
and had within his own breast the largest
confidence of success in the wider field
which his new rank opened to him. Bal
ancing the arguments on the one side and
the other, anxious to determine what was
for the best, desirous above all things to do
his patriotic duty, he was decisively influ-.
enced by the advice of President Lincoln .
and Secretary Staunton, both of whom as- i
sured him that he could, at that time, be of
especial value in the House of Representa
tives. He resigned his commission of Ma
jor-General on the sth day of December,
1863, and took his seat in the House of
Representatives on the 7th. He had served
two years and fonp months in the army, and
had just completed bis thirty seconfl year.
The Thirty-eight Congress is pie enpuent
ly entitled in history to the designation of
the War Congress. It was elected while the
war was flagrant aud every member was
chosen upon the issues involved in the con
tinuance of the struggle. The Thirty-seventh
Congress had, indeed, legislated to a large
extent on war measures, but it was chosen
before any one believed that secession of the
States would be actually attempted. The
magnitude of the work which foil upon its
successor was unprecedented, both in respect
to the vast saifas of money raised for the
support of the army and navy, anl of the
new and extraordinary powers of legislation
which it was forced to exercise. Only twen
ty-four States were represented, aud one
hundred and eighty-two members were upon
its roil. Among these were qiany distin
guished party leaders on both sides, veter
ans in the public service, with established
reputations for ability, and with that skill
which comes only from parliamentary expe
rience. Into this assemblage of men Gar
field eatered without special preparation,
and it might aimosi be said unexpectedly.
The question of taking command of a divis
ion of troops under General Thomas or tak
ing his seat in Congress was kept open till
. tk« lest moment, so late, indeed, that the
resignation of Lis military commission and
his appearance in the House were almost
contemporaneous. He wore the uniform of
a Major-General of the United States Army
on Saturday, and on Monday, in civilian’s
. dress, he answered to the roll call as a Rep
resentative in Congress from the State -es
Ohio.
He was especially fortunate in the con
stitnency which elected him. Descended
almost entirely from New England stock,
the men of the Ashtabula district were in
teaa&iy redical on all questions relating to
human fight- Well educated, thrifty,
thoroughly intelligent in agairs, acutely
discerning of charter, not’ quick to be
stow confidence, and slow to withdraw it,
thev were at once the most helpful and
mosi ‘ exacting of supporters. Their tena
cious truss in rpsn in whom they have once
confided is illustrated by the unparalleled
fact that Elisha Whittlesey, Joshua R. Gid
dings and James A. Garfield represented
the district for fifty-four years.
Tljera is no test of a man’s ability in any
departtua**- of public life more severe than
service in the House gs Representatives;
there is no place where so iittis deference
is paid to reputation previously acquired, or
to eminence won outside; no place where so
little consideration is shown for the feel
ings or the failures of beginners. What a
man gains in the House he gains by sheer
force of his own character, and if he loses
and falls bsck be must expect no mercy,
and will receive co sympathy. It is a field
in which the survival of the strongest is the
recognized rale, and where no pretense can
i deceive and no glamorr can mislead. Tbe
I real man is discovered, his worth is impar-
tially weighed, his rank is irreversibly de
i creed.
With possibly a single exception, Garfield
was the youngest member in the House
when he entered, and was but seven years
from his college graduation. But he had
not been in his seat sixty days before his
ability was recognized and his place con
: ceded. He stepped to the front with the
confidence of one who belonged there.
The House was crowded with strong men
of both parties; ninteen of them have since
been transferred to the Senate, and many
of them have served with distinction in the
gubernatorial chairs of their respective
States, and on foreign missions of great
■ consequence; but among them all none
I grew so rapidly, none so firmly as Garfield.
As is said by Tevelyan of his parliamentary
hero, Garfield succeeded “because all the
: world in concert could not have kept him in
the background, and because, when once in
the front, he played his part with a prompt
interpidity and a commanding ease that
were but the outward symptoms of the im
mense reserves of energy, on which it was
in his power to draw.” Indeed, the appar
ently reserved force which Garfield possess
ed was one of his great characteristics. He
never did so well but that it seemed he
could easily have done better. He never
expended so much strength but that he
seemed to be holding additional power at
call- This is one of the happiest and rarest
distinctions of an effective debater, and often
counts for as much in persuading an assem
bly as the eloqueqt and elaborate argument.
The great measure of Garfield’s fame was
filled by his service in the House of Repre
sentatives. His military life, illustrated by
honorable performance, and rich in prom
ise, was, as he himself felt, prematurely
terminated, and necessarily incomplete.
Speculation as to what he might have done
in a where the great prizes are so few,
cannot be profitable. It is sufficient to say
that as a soldier he did his duty bravely; he
did it intelligently; he won an enviable
fame, and he retired from the service with
out blot or breath against him. As a law
yer. though admirably equipped for the
profession, he can scarcely be said to have
entered on its practice. The few efforts he
made at the bar were distinguished by the
same high order of talent which he exhibit
ed on every field where he was put to the
test, and if a man may be accepted as a
competent judge of his own capacities and
adaptations, the law was the profession to
which Garfield should have devoted him
selt. But. fate ordained otherwise, and his
reputation in history will rest largely upon
his service in the House of Representatives.
That service was exceptionally long. He
was nine times consecutively chosen io the
House—an honor enjoyed by not more than
six other Representatives of the more than
five thousand who have been elected from
the organization of the Government to this
hour.
As a parliamentary orator, as a debater on
an issue squarely joined, where tie posi
tion had been-chosen and the ground laid
out, Garfield must be assigned a very high
rank. More, perhaps, than any man with
whom he was associated in public life, he
gave careful and systematic study to public
questions and he came to every discussion,
in which he took part, with elaborate and
complete preparation. Ho was a steady and
indefatigable worker. Those who imagine
that talent or genius can supply the place
or achieve the results of labor will find no
encouragement in Garfield’s life. In pre
liminary work he was apt, rapid and skill
ful. He possessed in a high degree the
power of readily absorbing ideas and facts,
and like Dr. Jolmson, had the art of getting
from a book all that was of value in it by a
reading apparently so quick and cursory
that it seemed like a mere glance at the table
of contents. He was a pre-eminently fair
and candid man in debate, took no petty
advantage, stooped to no unworthy meth
ods, avoided personal allusibns, rarely ap
pealed to prejudice, did not seek to inflame
passion. He had a quicker eye for the
strong point of his adversary than for his
weak point, and on his own side he so mar
shaled his weighty arguments as to make
his hearers forget any possible lack in the
com olete strength of his position. He had
a habit of stating his opponent’s side with
such amplitude of fairness and such liber
ality of concession that his followers often
complained that ha was giving his case
away. But never in his prolonged partici
pation in the proceedings of the House did
he give his case away, or fail in the judg
ment of competent and impartial listeners
to gain the mastery.
These characteristics, which marked Gar
field as a great debator, did not, however,
make him a great parliamentary leader. A
parliamentary leader, as that term ie under
stood wherever free representative govern
ment exists, is necessarily and very strictly
the organ of his party. An ardent Ameri
can defined the instinctive warmth of patriot
ism when he offered the toast, “Oar coun
try, always right; but right or wrong, our
country.” The parliamentary leader who
has a body of followers that will do an 1
dare and die for the cause, is one who be
lieves his party always right; but right or
wrong, is for his party. No more impor
tant or exacting duty devolves upon him
than the selection of the field and the time
for contest. Ho must know not merely how
to strike, but where to strike and when to
strike. He often skillfully avoids the
strength of his opponent's position amj
scatters confusion in his ranks by attacking
an exposed point whan really the right
eousness of the cause and the strength of
logical infrenchment are against him. He
conquers often both against the right and
the heavy battalions; as when young Charles
Fox, in the days of his torryism, carried the
House of Commons against justice, against
its immemorial rights, against his own con
victions, if, indeed, at that period Fox had
convictions, and, in the. interest of a cor
rupt administration, in obedience to a ty
rannical sovereign, drove Wilkes from the
seat to which the electors of Middlesex had
chosen him and installed Luttrell in defi
ance, not merely of law but of public de
cency. For an achievement of that kind
Garfield was disqualified—disqualified by
the texture of his mind, by the honesty of
his heart, by his conscience, and by every
instinct and aspiration of his nature.
The three most distinguished parliamen
tary leaders hitherto developed it this coun
try are Mr. Clay, Mr. Douglas and Mr. Thad
deus Stevens. Each was a man of con
summate ability, of great earnestness, of in
tense personality, differing widely, each
from the others, and yet with a lignal trait
in common—the power to command. In
the give and take of daily discussion, in tha
art of controlling and consolidating reluc
tant and refractory followers; in the skill to
overcome all forms of opposition, and to
meet with competency and coxrage the
varying phases of unlooked for assault or
unsuspected defection, it would be difficult
to rank with these a fourth namein all our
Congressional history. But of these Mr.
Olay was the greatest. It would, perhaps,
be impossible to find in the pariamentary
annuals of the world a parallel taMr. Clay,
in 1841, when at sixty-four yean of age he
took the control of the Whig "part; from the
President who had received their suffrages,
against the power of Webster in tin Cabinet,
against the eloquence of Choate ii the Sen
ate, against the Herculean effortsof Caleb
Cushing and Henry A. Wise in tin House.
In unshared leadership, io the pride and
plenitude of power he hurled aganst John
I’yler with deepest scorn the mss of that
conquering column which had sxrept over
the land in 1840, and drove his administra
tion to seek shelter behind the liies of his
political foes. Mr. Douglas achieved a vic
tory scarcely less wonderful whet, in 1854,
against the secret desires of a strong Ad
in ministration, against the wise counsel of
the older chiefs, against the conservative
instincts and even the moral sense of the
country, he forced a reluctant Congress into
a repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Mr.
Thaddens Stevens, in his conteitsirom 1865
to 1868, actually advanced his pariamentary
leadership until Congress tied tte hands of
the President and governed the country by
its own wjll, leaving only lerfunctory
duties to be discharged by tha Executive.
i With two hundred millions of jatronage in
: his hands at the opening of lie contest,
■ aided by the active force of B>ward in the
j Cabinet and the moral power of Chase on
' the Beoch, Andrew Johnson caild not com
mand the support of one-thi‘d in either
Ifouse against the parliamenUry uprising
of which Thadd&us W tl,e ani
mating spirit and ttee unquestioned leader.
From these three great men Garfield dif
fered radically —differed in the inality of his
mind, in temperament, in tie form and
phase of ambition. He could xot do what
they did, but he could do what they could
no:j and in the breadth of hisCugressional
work he left that which will loiger exert a
potential influence among which,
measured by the severe test es losthumous
criticism, will secure a more eiduring and
more enviable fame.
Those unfamiliar wittn Garffld’s indus
try, anfl ignorant of the detailaof his work,
may, in some degree, measure them by the
annals of Congress. No one of :he genera
tion of public men to which he belonged
has contributed so much that wil be valua
ble for future reference. His speeches are
numerous, many of them briliant, all of
them well studied, carefully pirased, and
exhaustive of the subject unde considera
tion. Collected from the scattejed pages of
ninety royal octavo volumes of imgression
al record, they weuld presentan invalua
ble com pending} of ths poljtial history of
the most important era throng! which the
National Government has evg passed.—
When the history of this perbd shall be
impartially written, when wailegislation,
measures of reconstruction, rotection of
human rights, amendments to he Constitu
tion, maintenance of public erflit, steps to
ward specie resumption, trrj theories of
revenue, may be reviewed, nsurrounded
by prejudice and disconnect® from parti
zanism, the speeches of Garfiai will be es
timated at thjiz true and w;tl be
fodnd to comprise a vast maazine of fact
and argument, of clear analyis and sound
conclusion. Indeed, if no offer authority
were accessible, his speeches n the House
of Representa’ives from Deamber, 1863,
to June, 1880, would give a >ll connected
history and complete the impor
tant legislation of the sevateen eventful
years that constitute his pqrlknentaxyTife.
Far beyond that, his speeches would be
found to forecast many greatmeasures yet
to be completed—measures which he knew
were beyond the public opinion of the hour,
but which he confidently believed would se
cure popular approval within the period of
his own life-time, and by the aid of his own
j efforts.
j Differing, as Garfield does, from the bril
| liant parliamentary leaders, it is not easy to
I find his counterpart anywhere in the record
'of American public life. He perhaps more
nearly resembles Mr. Seward in his su
; preme faith in the all-conquering power of
a principle. He had the love of learning
and the patient industry ot investigation to
which John Quincy Adams owes his promi
nence and his Presidency. He had some of
those ponderous elements of mind which
distinguised Mr. Webster, and which, in
deed, in all our public life have left the great
Massachusetts Senator without an intellect
ual peer.
In English parliamentary history, as in
our own, the leaders in the House "of Com
mons present points of essential difference
from Garfield. But some of his methods
recall the bast features in the strong, inde
pendent course of Sir Robert Peel, and
striking resemblances are discernible in
that most promising of modern conserva
tives, who died too early for his country and
his fame, the Lord George Bentinck. He
had all of Burke’s love for the sublime and
the beautiful, with, possibly, something of
his superabundance; and in his faith and
his magnanimity, in his powqr olstatement,
in his subtle analysis, in his faultless logic,
in his love of literature, in his wealth and
world of illustration, one is reminded of
that great English stateman of to-day, who
confronted with obstacles that would daunt
any but the dauntles«, reviled by those
whom he would relieve as bitterly as by
those whose supposed rights he is forced
to invade, still labors with serene courage
for the amelioration of Ireland and for the
honor of the English name.
Garfield s nomination to the Presidency,
while not predicted or anticipated, was not
a surprise to the country. His prominence
in Congress, his solid qualities, his wide
reputation, strengthened by his then recent
election as Senator from Ohio, kept him in
the public eye as a ■ man occuping the very
highest rank among those entitled to be
called statesmen. It was not mere chance
that brought him this high honor. “We
must, says Mr. Emerson, “reckon success
a constitutional trait. If Eric is in robust
health and has slept well and is «t the top
of his condition, and thirty years old at his
departure from Greenland, he will steer
West and his ships will reach New Found
land. But take Eric out and put in a
stronger and bolderman the ships will sail
six hundred, one thousand, fifteen hun
dred miles farther and reach Labrador and
New England. There is no chance in re
sults.”
As a candidate. Garfield steadily grew in
popular favor. He was met with a storm of
detraction at the very hour of his nomina
tion, and it continued with increasing vol
ume and momentum until the close of his
victorious campaign :
No might nor greatness in mortality
Can censure’scape; back wounding calumny
The whitest virtue strikes. What king so
strong
Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue.
Under it all he was calm and strong, and
confident; never lost his self-possession,
did no unwise act, spoke no hasty, or ill
oonßidered word. Indeed nothing in his
whole life is more remarkable or more credi
table than his bearing through those five
full months of vituperation-a prolonged
agony ot trial to a sensitive man, a constant
and cruel draft upon the powers of moral
endurance. The great mass of these unjust
imputations passed unnoticed, and with the
general debris of the campaign fell into
oblivion. But in a tew instances the iron
entered his soul and he died with the injury
unforgotten if not unforgiven.
One aspect of Garfield’s candidacy was
unprecedented. Never before, in the his
tory of partisan contests in this country,
had a successful Presidential candidate
spoken freely on passing events and current
issues. To attempt anything of the kind
seemed novel, rash, and even desperate.
The older class eg voters recalled the un- ;
fortunate Alabama letter, in which Mr. Clay ;
was supposed to have signed his political
death warrant. They remembered, also,
the hot-tempered effusion by which General
Scott had lost a large share of his popularity
before his nomination, and the unfortunate
speeches which rapidly consumed ths re
mainder. The younger voters had seen Mr. 1
Greeley in a series of vigorous and original
addresses, preparing the pathway for his
own defeat. Unmindful of these warn
ings, unheeding the advice of friends,
Garfield spoke to large crowds as he jour
neyed to and from New York, in August, to a
great multitude in that city, to delegations
and deputations of every kind that called at
Mentor during the Summer and Autumn.
With innumerable critics, watchful and
eager to catch a phrase that might be turned,
into odium or ridicule, or a sentence that
might be distorted to his own or his party’s
injury, Garfield did not trip or halt in any
one of his seventy speeches. This seems
all the more remarkable when it is remem
bered that he did not write what he said,
and yet spoke with such logical consecutiv
ness of thought and such admirable pre
cision of phrase as to defy the accident of
misreport and the malignity of misrepresen
tation.
In the beginning of his Presidential life
Garfield’s experience did not yield him
pleasure or satisfaction. The duties that
engross so large a portion of the President’s
time were distasteful to him, and were un
favorably contrasted with his legislative
work. "I have been dealing all these years
with ideas,” he impatiently exclaimed one
day, “and here lam dealing only with per
sons. I have been heretofore treating of the
fundamental principles of government and
here I am considering all day whether A or
B shall be appointed to this or that office.”
He was earnestly seeking some practical way
°f correcting the evils arising from the
distribution of overgrown and unwield.v
patronage—evils always appreciated and
often discussed by him, but whose magni
tude had been more deeply impressed upon
his mind since his accession to the Presi
dency. Had he lived, a comprehensive
improvement in the mode of appointment
and in the tenure of office would have been
proposed by him, and with the aid of Con
gress no doubt perfected.
But, while many of the Executive duties
were not grateful to him, he was assiduous
and conscientious in their discharge. From
the very outset he exhibited administrative
talent of a high order. He grasped the
helm of office with the hand of a master. In
this respect indeed he constantly surprised
many who were most intimately associated
with him in the Government, and especial
ly those who had feared that he might be
lacking in the executive faculty. His dis
position of business was orderly and rapid.
His power of analysis, and his skill in classi
fication, enabled him to dispatch a vast mass
of detail with singular promptness and ease.
His Cabinet meetings were admirably con
ducted. His clear presentation of official
subjects, his well considered suggestion of
topics < n which discussion was invited, his
quick decision when all had bean heard,
combined to show a thoroughness of mental
training as rare as his natural ability and
his facile adaptation to a new and enlarged
field of labor.
With perfect comprehension of all the in
heritances of the war, with a cool calcula
tion of the obstacles in his way, impelled
always by a generous enthusiasm, Garfield
concaived that much might he done by his
administration towards restoring harmony
between the different sections of the Union.
He was anxious to go South and speak to
the people. As early as April he had inef
fectually endeavored to arrange for a trip to
Nashville, whither he had been cordially
invited, and he was again disappointed a
few weeks later to find that he could not go
to South Carolina to attend the centennial
celebration of the victory of the Cowpens.
Bnt for the Autumn he definitely counted
on being present at three memorable assem
blies in the Soutfi—the celebration at York
town, tfie opening of the Cotton Exposition
at Atlanta, and the meeting of the Army of
the Cumberland at Chattanooga. He was
already turning over in his mind hie ad
dress for each occasion, and the three taken
together, he said to a. friend, gave him the
exact scope and verge which he needed. At
Yorktown he would have before him the
associations of a hundred years that bound
the South and the North in the sacred mem
ory of a common danger and a common vic
tory. At Atlanta he would present the ma
terial interests and the industrial develop
ment which appealed to the thrift and inde
pendence of every household, and which
should unite the two sections by the in
stinct of self-interest and aelf-defense. At
Chattanooga he woqld revive memories of
the war only to show that, after all its dis
aster and all its suffering, the country was
stronger and greater, the Union rendered
indissoluble, and the future, through the
agony and blood of one generation, made
brighter and better for gll.
Garfield’s ambition for the success of his
administration was high. With strong cau
tion and conservatism in his nature, he was
in no danger of attempting rash experiments
or of resorting to the empiricism of states
manship. Bnt he believed that renewed
and closer attention should be given to
questions affecting the material interests
and commercial prospects of fifty nqilliofis
of people. He believed that oqr continental
relations, extensive and undeveloped as they
are, involved responsibility, and could be
cultivated into profitable friendship or be
abandoned to harmful indifference or last
ing enmity. He believed with equal confi
dence that an essential forerunner to a new
era at National progress must be a feeling of
contentment in every section of the Union,
and a generous belief that the benefits qnd
burdens of government would La common
to all. Himself t, conspicuous illustration
of what ability and ambition may do under
Republican institutions, he loved his coun
try with a passion of patriotic devotion, and
every waking thought was given to her ad
vancement. He was an American in all
aspirations, and he looked to the destiny
and influence of the United States with the
philosophic composnre of Jefferson and the
demonstrative confidence of John Adams.
The political events which disturbed the
President’s serenity for many weeks before
shat fateful day in July, form an important
chapter in his career, and, in his own
judgment, involved questions of principle
and right which are vitally essential to the
constitutional administration of the Federal
Government. It would be out of place here
and now to speak the language of contro
versy ; but the events referred to, however
they may continue to be source of conten
tion with others, have become, so far as
Garfield is concerned, as much a matter
of history as his heroism at Chickamauga
or his illustrious service in the House.—
Detail is not needful, and personal antagon
ism shall not be rekindled by any word
uttered to-day. The motives of those op
posing him are not to be here adversely
interpreted nor their course harshly, char
acterized. But of the dead President this
is to be said, and said because his own
speech is forever silenced, and he can be
no more heard except through the fidelity
and the love of surviving frjends : From
the beginning to the end of the contro
versy he so much deplored, the President was
never for one moment actuated by any mo
tive of gain to himself or ot loss "to others.
Least of all men did he harbor revenge,
rarely did he even show resentment, and
malice was not in his nature. He was
congenially employed only in the exchange
of good offices and the'doing of kindlv
deeds.
There was not an hour, from the begin
ning of the trouble till the fatal shot en
tered his body, when Xhe President would
not gladly, for the sake of restoring Har
mony, have retraced any step be had taken
if such retracing had" merely involved
consequences personal to himself. The
pride of consistency, or any supposed sense
of humiliation that might result from sur
rendering his position, had not a feather's
weight with him. No man was ever less
subject to such influences from within
or from without. But after most anx
ious deliberation and the coolest sur
vey of all the circumstances, he solemnly
believed that the true prerogatives of the
Executive were involved in the issue
which had been raised, and that he would
be unfaithful to his supreme obligation if
he failed to maintain, in all their vigor, the
constitutional rights and dignities of his
great office. He believed this in all the
convictions of conscience when in sound
and vigorous health, and he believed it in
his suffering and prostration in the last
conscious thought which his wearied mind
bestowed on the transitory struggles of life.
More than this need not be said. Less
than this could not be said. Justice to the
dead—the highest obligation that devolves
upon the living—demands the declaration
that in all the bearings of the subject,
actual or possible, the President was con
tent in his mind, justified in his conscience,
immovable in his conclusions.
The religious element in Garfield’s char
acter was deep and earnest. In his early
youth he espoused the faith of the Dis
ciples, a sect of that great Baptist Com
munion. which in different ecclesiastical
establishments is so numerous and so in
fluential throughout all parts of the
United States. Bnt the broadening ten
dency of his mind and his active
spirit of inquiry were early apparent
and carried him beyond the dogmas
of sect and the restraints of associa
tion. In selecting a college in which to
continue his education he rejected Bethany,
though presided over by Alexander Camp
bell, the greatest preacher of his church.
Hie reasons were characteristic; first, that
Bethany leaned too heavily toward slavery;
and, second, that being himself a Disciple
and the son of Disciple parents, he had lit
tle acquaintance with people of other be
liefs, and he thought it would make him
more liberal, quoting his own words, both
in his religious and general views, to go
into a new circle and ba under new influ
ences.
The liberal tendency which he antici
pated as the result of wider culture was ful
ly realized. He was emancipated from mere
sectarian belief, and with eager interest
pushed his investigations in the direction
of modern progressive thought. He follow
ed with quickening step in the paths of ex
ploration and speculation so fearlessly trod
den by Darwin, by Huxley, by Tyndall,
and by other living scientists of the radical
and advanced type. His own church, bind
ing its disciples by no formulated creed,
but accepting the Old and New Testaments
as the Word of God with unbiased liberty of
private interpretation, favored, if it did not
stimulate, the spirit of investigation. Its
members profess with sincerity, and profess
only, to be of one mind and one faith with
those who immediately followed the Master,
and who were first called Christians at An
tioch.
But however high Garfield reasoned of
“fixed fate, free will, fore-knowledge
absolute, ” he was never separated from the
Church of jhe Disciples in his affections
and in his associations. For him it held
the ark of the covenant. To him it was the
gate of Heaven. The world of religious
belief is full of solecisms and contradictions.
A philosophic observer declares that men
by the thousand will die in defense of a
creed whose doctrines they do not compre
hend and whose tenets they habitually
violate. It is equally true that men by the
thousand will cling to church organizations
with instinctive and undying fidelity when
their belief in maturer years is radically dif
ferent from that which inspired them as
neophytes.
But after this range of speculation, and
this latitude of doubt, Garfield camo back
always with freshness and delight to the
simpler instincts of religious faith, which,
earliest implanted, longest survive. Not
many weeks before his assassination, walk
ing on the banks of the Potomac with a
friend, and conversing on those topics of
personal religion, concerning which noble
natures have an unconquerable reserve, he
said that he found the Lord'er Prayer and
the simple petitions learned itiUnfa’ncy in
finitely restful to him, not merely in their
stated repitition, but in their casual and fre
quent recall as he went about the daily
duties of life. Certain texts of Scrip
tures had a very strong hold on his memory
and his heart. He heard, while in Edin
burgh some years ago, an eminent Scotch
preacher who prefaced his sermon with
reading the eighth chapter of the Epistle to
the Romans, which book has been the sub
ject of cares ul study with Garfield during
all his religious life. He was greatly im
pressed by the eloqntion of the preacher,
and declared that it had imparted anew and
deeper meaning to the majestic utterances
of St. Paul. He referred often in after
years to that memorable service, and dwelt
with exaltation of feeling upon the radiant
promise and the assured hope with which
the great apostle of the Gentiles was “per
suaded that neither death, nor life, nor
angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor
things present, nor things to oome, nor
height, nor depth, nor any other creature,
shall be able to separate ns from the love of
God, whioh is in Christ Jesus our Lord.”
The crowning characteristic of General
Garfield’s religions opinions, as, indeed, of
all his opinions, was his liberality. In all
things he had charity. Tolerance wus of
his nature. He respected iq others the
qualities which he possessed himself-sin
carity of conviction and frankness of ex
pression. With him the inquiry was not so
muefa what a man believes, but does he be
lieve it? The lines of his friendship and
his confidence encircled men of every creed,
and men of no creed, aud to the end of his
life, on his ever lengthening list of friends,
were to he found the names of a pious
Catholic priest and of an honest-minded
and generous-hearted free-thinker.
On the morning of Saturday, July second,
the President was a contented and happy
man —not in an ordinary, degree, but joy
fully, almost boyishly happy. Oa his Way
to the. railroad station, to which he drove
slowly, in conscious enjoyment of the beau
tiful morning, with an unwontid sensei of
leisure and a keen anticipation cj pleasure,
his talk was all in the grateful and gratula
tory vein. He felt that after four months
of trial his administration was strong in
its grasp of affairs, strong in popular favor
and destine! to grow stronger; that grave
difficulties confronting him athia inaugu
ration had been safely passed ■ that trouble
lay behind him and not before him; that he
was soon to meet the wife whom he loved,
now recovering from an illness which had
bnt lately disquieted aud at times almost
unnerved him; that he was going to his
Alma Mater to renew tbe aaost cherished
’ associations of his ycung manhood, and to
exchange greetings with those whose deep
ening interest had followed every step of
his upward progress from the day he catered
upon his college course until he had at
tained the loftiest elevation, in the gift of
his countrymen.
Surely it happiness can ever come from
I the honors or triumphs of this world, on
that quiet Jaly morning James A. Garfield
may well have been a happy man. No
foreboding of evil haunted him; no slight
est premonition of danger clouded his sky.
His terrible fate was tfpon him in an in*
stant. One moment he stood erect, strong,
confident iff the years stretching peacefully
out before him- The next he lay wounded,
bleeding, helpless, doomed to weary weeks
of torture, to silence, and the gtave.
Great in life, he was surpassingly great
in death. For no cause, in the very frenzy
of wantonness and wickedness, by the red
hand of murder, he was thrust from tha
fqll tide of this world’s interest, from its
hopes, its aspirations, its victories, into the
visible presence of death—and he did not
quail. Not alone for the one short moment
in which, stunned and dazed, he could give
up life, hardly aware of its relinquishment,
but through days of deadly languor, through
weeks ot agony, that we.s not less agony be
cause silently bejne, with dear sight and
calm courage, he looked into hje open grave.
Whs,' blight and rain met his angaiphedeyes,
whose lips may tell—what brilliant, broken
plans, whai bartisd, high ambitions, what
sundering of strong, warm, manhood’s friend
ships, what bitter rending of sweet household
ties I Behind, him a proud, Na
tion, a great host of sustaining friends, a
cherished and happy mother, wearing the
full, rich honors of her early tojl apd tears;
the wile of his youth, whose whole life lay
in his; the little boys not yet emerged from
childhood's day of frolic; the fair, young
daughter; the sturdy sons just springing
into closest companonship, claiming every
day and every day rewarding a father’s love
and care; and in his heart the eager, re
joicing power to meet all demand. Before
»8 A YEAR—POSTAGE PAID.
him, desolation and great darkness ! And
his soul was not shaken. His countrymen
were with instant, profound, and
universal sympathy. Masterful in his
mortal’Weakness, he became the centre of a
Nation’s love, enshrined in the prayers of a
world. But all the love and all the" sympa
thy could not share with him his suffering.
He trod the wine press alone. With un
faltering front he faced death. With unfail
ing tenderness he took leave of life. Above
the demoniac hiss of the assassin’s bullet
he heard the voice of God. With simple
resignation he bowed to the Divine decree.
As the end drew near, his early craving
for the sea returned. The stately mansion
of power had been to him the wearisome
hospital of pain, and he begged to be taken
'ts prison walls, from its oppressive,_
stifling nir, from its homelessness and its
hopelessness. Gently, silently, the love of
a great people bore the pale sufferer to the
longed for healing of the sea, to live or to
die, as God should will, within sight of its
heaving billows, within sound of its mani
fold voices. With wan, fevered face
tenderly lifted to the cooling breeze, he
looked out wistfully upon the ocean’s
changing wonders; on its far sails, whiten
ing in the morning light; on its restless
waves, rolling shoreward to break and die
beneath the noonday sun; on the red clouds
ot evening, arching low to the horizon; on
the serene and shining pathway of the
stars. Let us think that his dying eyes
read a mystic meaning which only the part
and parting soul may know. Let us believe
that in the silenes of the receding world
he heard- the great waves breaking on a
further shore, aud felt already upon his
wasted brow the breath of the eternal morn
ing.
The eulogy was concluded at 1:50, hav
ing taken just an hour and a half in its de
livery. As Mr. Blaine gave utterance to
the last solemn words, the spectators broke
into a storm of applause, which was not
hushed for some moments. The address
was listened to with an intense interest,
and solemn silence unbroken by any sound
except by a sigh of relief (such as arises
trom a large audience a strong ten
sion is removed from their minds) when
the orator passed from his allusion to the
differences existing in the Republican party
last Spring. A benediction was then offer
ed by Rev. Dr. Bullock, Chaplain of the
Senate. The Marine Band played the Gar
field dead march as the invited guests
filed out of the Chamber, in the same order
in whioh they had entered it. The Senate
was last to leave, and then the House was
called to order by the Speaker.
Mr. McKinley, of Ohio, offered a resolu
tion ol thanks to Mr. Blaine for his master
ly address, which was unanimously adopt
ed, and the House then adjourned.
SKNATK.
Washington, February 27.—The Senate
was only nominally in session to-day, as it
proceeded to the hall of the House of Rep
resentatives immediately after assembling
at noon, aud upon its return from the me
morial services, at 2, p. m., it adjourned.
RATES Osi GRAIN. •
Railroad ComoilMioners’ Hearing On
the Subject The Georgia Railroad
Makes a Complaint—Their Claim of
Charter Exemptions. •
(Atlanta Constitution, March 1.)
At the regular monthly meeting of the
Railroad Commission, yesterday, the three
Commissioners were present. Mr. J. W.
Greene, of the Georgia Railroad ; Mr. j. M.
Edwards and Mr. J. J. Griffin, of the Macon
and Brunswick, and Mr. Taylor, of the Sa
vannah, Florida and Western Railroad,
were before the Commission to appeal from
circular No. 20.
The Commissioners now require every
complaint to be made in writing, in the
form of a letter, giving distinctly the causes
of complaint, but not necessarily requiring
the skill of a lawyer in its construction. The
whole proceedings otherwise are based on
the rales governing Superior Courts in
Georgia. The regular meetings of the Com
mission are held on the Tuesday after the
fourth Monday in each month, and continue
from day to day until all business is dis
posed of.
The causes which led to the appeal from
the operations of circular No. 20 are as '
follows : 1
On February 10th, circular No. 20 was ,
issued by the Commission, reducing the
rates on grain and flour between all points
on the roads in Georgia to about one-half
of what they had been before the circular J
was sent forth. This action was caused by
a complaint made by the millers of Geor- '
gia, that flour was being carried from cer- '
tain Western points —among them Cinoin- j
nati —to places in Georgia for considerably
less than the same articles were being haul- '
ed for the mills in Georgia. The imine- '
djate cause of the issuance of the circular
was a complaint made by the millers on so- •
count of an increase in the rate on flour
from Atlanta to Savannah. The rate had
been fifty cents per barrel between Atlanta '
and Savannah and Brunswick. The Cen
tral increased this to sixty cents. The rate
between Cincinnati and Brunswick and
Savannah, was only fifty cents. This
caused considerable stir among the mill
men, who reasoned that they were discrimi
nated against, and showed that a Savannah
or Brunswick dealer could get a barrel of
flour from Cincinnati or Louisville ten
cents a barrel cheaper on freight than he
could get from Savannah. While this was
true it was also true that the rate on flour
from Cincinnati or Louisville to Atlanta
was 76 cents, while to Macon and Augusta
it was 78 cents. This was a direct discrimi
nation of from 26 to 28 cents in favor of
Savannah. The rate on a barrel from Ma
con to Savannah was 54 cents and from Au
gusta to Savannah 40 cents; consequently
to ship a barrel of flour from Cincinnati to
Augusta and then to Savannah, would cost
a dollar and eighteen cents, or to ship to
Macon aud then to Savannah, a dollar and
twenty-five cents, while, if the barrel went
direct, it only cost fifty cents from Cincin
nati to Savannah. The rates in circular 20
were made upon an average taken of the
rate from Cincinnati on flour and grain to
Macon, Augusta, Atlanta and Albany, and
the amount received by theyailroad for the ,
number of miles hauled in Georgia, with
twenty-five per cent, added for expenses.
The Georgia! Railroad claims that it
charges to all it local stations between Au- <
gusta and Atlanta the same on flour that the
Commissioners’ rates allow, whether from ,
the West or the mills here, but that they
give reduced rates to Augusta mills for ,
points on the Macon and Augusta Railroad,
charging, however, Augusta mills on the
main line the Commissioners’ rates, and
that any interference with their established
rates worfld be a serious reduction tn their
revenue. Their expenses aro naw higher
than they were last year, and the road be
ing ran on the lease system renders it of
the utmost importance that they have all
the income possible. The Georgia Railroad
also claims a charter exemption and may
resist in the Courts the enforcement of the
new rates.
STORM IN TEXAS,
Great Damage Done To Property.
Galveston, March 1.- The wires to the
northern portion of this State were pros
trated by the severs storm Monday night,
and reports from different available points
show that great damage was done by the
wind and rain. A special to the Netos from
Hempstead says: “A heavy wind camo up,
the sky was illuminated with lightning,
fences, trees and aut-honses were blown
down, anfflmildinga unroofed. The Bap
tist and Catholic churches were badly in
jured. The residence of J. D. Cochran was
lifted from its foundation and carried ten
yards, and a number of other residences
were partly destroyed. At tho chapel the
students, deprived of all other means of
exit, escaped from their rooms by means of
trees, etc. The damage here will
reaob five thousand dollars, and the dam
age at Prairie View two thousand dollars.”
A Bryan special says: “Considerable dam
age was done hero fay the storm Monday
night, church property being the most se
riously injured.”
MAHONE MOVEMENT IN KENTUCKY.
*A Candida,* For Governor Nominat'd.
Louisville, Kr., March I.—The Demo
crats who were in the Union army, or who
were of Union sentiments during the war,
besides those who are against tho present
recognized Democratic organization of the
State as represented in the State Conven
tion at Frankfort on January 11th, met in
mass convention last night at Masonic
Temple in this city. They adopted pre
amble, resolutions and platform, and ratified
the late nomination of Col. R. Y. Jacob,
candidate for Clerk of the Court of Appeals'.
The meeting was addressed by Col. J. H.
McHenry, Col. R. Y. lacob, Col. Jacob S.
Golladay, Col. Mark Mundy, Major Kinney
and Captain Mike Boland. The audience
was a large one and quite enthusiastic and
many of them are confidently predicting
success for their ticket in August next.
(Anderson (8. O.) Journal.!
We ask the attention of our readers to the
advertisement of the Ckbokicle and Consti
tutionalist, to be found in another column.
It is one of tho very best papers in the
South, high toned in every particular and
worthy the most generous support. It is de
livered in Anderson on the day of publi
cation.
Honorary Captain.
(By Telegraph to. the Chronicle.),
New. Obleans March 2.—Captain William
Pierce, for many years Past Commander of
the Continental Guards, last night deci in nd
8 r^^I ec ti°n as Active Commander,, and the
position of First Honorary Captain was
specially created, to which hn was unani
mously elected. , •
SOUNDS FROM HOME.
WHAT IS GOING ON IN GEORGIA AND
HER VICINITY,
The State and the South—Excerpt* From
Our Exchanges and Private Advices to
the Chronicle and Constitutionalist.
(The Herald.)
Greenesboro, March 2.—The grain crops
are very closely watched; all the cribs being
empty, the very existence of many of our
people depend upon the success of the
grain crop.—Guano wagons are getting to
be quite plentiful for the last week.—We
hear of some corn being planted in this
county. Too soon.—Messrs. John Hall, J.
M. Fluker and Bob English are getting up
hands to work on the Georgia Pacific Bead.
—The wheat Mid oat crop all over the coun
ty is looking* splendid.
(Oglethorpe Echo.)
Lexington, March 2.—About as many
gnano wagons as last year.—Woodstock is
without a store of any kind.—lt is rumored
in town that the wife and three children of
of Mr. John W. Kidd, who went with him
to Texas from this county about a year ago,
have all died. —All of our exchanges speak
hopefully of the outlook for another year,
owing to the fact that so much grain has
been sown.—Until two Sundays ago Dr. W.
A. Howard, of this place, who is 56 years
old, never attended a Sunday school, not
from any disinclination, however, but for
the want of an opportunity.—We are satisfi
ed that money will soon be easier to get
and times not so hard in our county, from
the fact that all classes are going to work in
earnest.
(The Herald.)
Waynesboro, March 2.—Miss McCurdy,
of Madison county, who has been visiting
Prof. Beck, of this county, died on Tuesday
of last week.—There was a sociable at the
Academy on Friday night.—We regret to
learn that an infant child of Mr. 0. E.
Perkins, of Millen, died on Wednesday of
last week.—At a recent election in this
county, Mr. William Wilkins was elected a
Justice of the Peace to fill an unexpired
term.—We met Dr. E. A. Perkins on the
train the other day and found him enthusi
astic for Hon. A. O. Bacon for the next
Governor. The Doctor don’t take any
stock in the Felton movement.—We noticed
the other day at Millen a new saw mill in
course of construction. It is owned by
Messrs. 0. E. Perkins and J. J. Brinson.
(McDuffie Journal )
Thomson, March 2. —Judge James B.
Neal has been appointed Judge of the
McDuffie County Court, to fill the vacancy
created by the death of Judge Casey.—
Mesena is making considerable progress in
moral as well as material development. A
large and commodious school house has re
cently been erected, which is also used as a
church.—The recent fire near Madison
destroyed the residence of the late Mr. Ed
mund Hardaway, father of Mrs. Gibson,
and was one of the most substantial and
elegantly furnished dwellings in the county.
Among the losses were the handsome
wardrobe and jewelry belonging to Mrs.
Gibson, all of the family plate, and about
S4OO in money. We learn that Judge '
Gibson estimates the entire loss at SIO,OOO.
(The New South.)
Elberton, March 2.—The freight on the
railroad is unusually heavy.—The diph
theria seems to have done its work and de
parted.—Messrs. Jones and Bowman went
to Atlanta last week to see if the discrimi
nation in freights against Elberton could
not ba broken up.—Some of the young peo
ple are arranging for a masquerade party at
Mr. R. F. Tate’s on Friday night.—What do
the people below Elberton say to the build
ing of a road to Washington? It is a good
time to strike.—ln the construction of a
railroad to Washington it would only be
necessary to grade and cross-tie the road,
as the Georgia Boad, in laying steel rails on
its main line, would have ample good iron
sufficient for the entire new road, which
could doubtless be so diverted.
(The Herald and Georgian.)
Sandersville, March 2.—Mr. Lee Smith,
who has just taken the first course of lec
tures at the Medical College of Georgia, at
Augusta, is now at home. He informs us
there were sixty students in attendance this
session.—Wagons loaded with guano are
now often seen on our streets.—Col. C. R.
Pringle and Mrs. Pringle left on Tuesday
for Atlanta, on a visit to their daughter,
Mrs. Mattie May Huntley.—On the 22d
inst., at the residence of W.' B’. Hall, in this
county, by Bev. Milton A. Clark, Mr.
George Fields, of Jefferson county, to Miss
Annie H. Wicker, daughter of B. H. Wick
er, of this county.—On the 21st ult., at the
residence of the bride, in Johnson county,
by Bev. J. J. Hyman, Mr. W. H. Harrison,
of Washington county, and Mrs. Bntha A.
Jordan, of Johnson county.
ATTEMPT 1 0 ASSASSINATE VICTORIA
AT WINDSOR CASTLE.
Cowardly Shot By a British Tramp—The
Queen Chhurt—Arrest of the Crank By
a Mob—Attempt At Lynching and Res
cue By the Police—Excitement At Wind
sor. ,
(By Cable to the Chronicle.)
Windsob, Eng., March 2, evening.—As
the Queen was entering her carriage, this
evening, a man in the station yard delib
erately fired a pistol at her. The man, who
was a Aiiserable looking creature, was im
mediately seized by several policemen and
taken to Windsor Police Station. No one
was hurt. The man gave his Yiame as Rod
erick Maclean. The Queen drove off to the
Castle immediately after she was fired at.—
The miscreant was followed to the station
by a large crowd of people, from whom he
was rescued with difficulty. The Queen ar
rived at Windsor, at about 5:25, p. m. She
had been in London since Tuesday, where
she gave a drawing room reception, on
Wednesday, in honor of Princess Helena, of
Waldeck, who is to marry Prince Leopold.
A crowd of people assembled at Bucking
ham Palace, this morning, in hopes that
the Queen would drive out. The demeanor
of the people was as cordial as usual.
London, March 2,8, p. m.—There was a
large crowd of spectators awaiting the
Queen’s arrival at Windsor. The Queen
walked across the platform of the railway
station to her carriage,. which was waiting
to take her to the Castle. John Brown had
already ascended to his seat behind the
carriage, when a man standing at the en
trance to the station yard, among a number
of spectators, pointed a pistol at the car
riage and fired. To judge from the report,
the pistol was not heavily loaded. The
Queen, who was probably not aware what
had happened, was immediately driven to
the Castle, but before she passed the man
had been seized by a superintendent of
the borough police, who was standing
near by. He was also violently seized by
the crowd and was only rescued from them
when three or four policemen came to the
superintendent’s assistance. The pistol
was captured by one of the crowd. Maclean,
who was miserably clad, was taken into
High street and thence conveyed to the po
lice station in a cab. Maclean is said to ba
an inhabitant of Sonthsea. The general
opinion is that the act was the result of
lunacy. The report of the pistol was sharp
but not loud. Maclean apparently intend
ed firing again, when the revolver, which
seemed to be a new one, was knocked from
his hand by a bystander and handed to the
police. Eton scholars were prominent in
the attempt to lynch Maclean. It is under
stood that the Queen has not sustained any
shock.
London, March 2.—ln the Parliamentary
election at Northampton to-day Bradlaugh
received 3,798 votes and Corbett 3,687.
London, March 2.—A deputation repre
senting thousands of unemployed people in
London, waited on the Lord Mayor yester
day to ask his advice and aid, especially in
regard to emigration. The Lord Mayor ad
vised them to confer with Sir Alexander T.
Galt, High Commissioner for Canada, and
promised his assistance if Sir Alexander
could devise any scheme of emigration.
London, March 2.—The Russo-Jewish
committee have prepared a statement con
firming the report of outrages dn Jews in
Russia, including many cases of murder and
rape, which the recent British consular re
ports discredited. The committee’s state
ment is founded upon letters received from
persons occupying high positions in the
Jewish Community, and upon personal evi
dence of Jewish refugees. A letter from an
eminent rabbi indicates that steps have
been taken by the Russian authorities to
conceal the truth.
A farmer, who was attacked in his house
and shot through the legs by a party of
armed men, at Feacle, County Clare, Ire
land, Tuesday last, has died of his injuries.
Nineteen persons in that vicinity have been
arrested under the Coercion act.
SHUTTING DOWN.
The Question a. Serious One With Fall
River Mill Men.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Boston, March 2.—A special dispatch
from Fall River says: ‘‘The question of
shutting down the mills for a certain pe
riod has been agitated for some days past.
The outlook in the print cloth market is
bad, and a general feeling of depression in
all business connected with the manufacture
of cotton leading to this result is felt. Man
ufacturers claim that at present prices, and
in view of the slackening demand for
goods at a fair profit, that a general
shut down would be the only legitimate
means of giving tone to- the market and
placing the mills in a position where there
may be a healthy demand for their products.
Probably no action will be taken until the
approach of milder weather, but the ques
tion is under discussion, and if there is no
change for the better in the goods market
a shut down is looked upon here aaa comae
most advisable.