Newspaper Page Text
Volume Xl.]
j t ni/sHFD ‘.vj.iiivr.
I!V PiriLlP ( CXJJT.U.
To the Citizens of Wilkes.
T TBVDEH you ;.jv grateful a
knnwledgements for the liberal
support you have given mu at the
last January election*? and l feel
that the trust reposed in
me has been faithfully attended to. j
I mw announce to you myself as !
candidate again a* the nest election,
for Receiver of Tax Returns,
William Watkins.
Oof. 15, ‘SSL
T'l(H The subscriber returns his prateful
ftckno-tflegrrUnts to the const'.men's of Wilke*
for tlvir liberal support to him as Tax Col
lector, at the late county election ; and informs
be is a candidate for the game office, on
the first Monday in January n*xt.
JOSIA.H n. HOLMES.
€c.4, 1824-
We are requested to announce lEN
JAM IN WOOTTHN. E;q as a candidate at
the nex* elec ion, fur Tax Collector.
|f| We are requested to announce DRTJItY
CUNNINGHAM, E*q. ai a candidate a? the
next e’ection. for Receiver of Tax Returns.
Tj” W” are authorized ’o announce SAMU
EL BROOKS, Er>q a9 a candidate at the en
suing election, for Receiver of Tax Returns.
C pcr We have been requested by some
‘ r iends of RICHARD HUDSPETH, Esq to
Announce him as a candidate at the next elec
ion, for Justice ofthe Inferior Court.
The Livingston Code x -~Wo have
pleasure in laying before our readers
ahe Mowing Letter, from a gentle
man whose name is familiar to the
Public, and whose discourse on the
Common Law has lately attracted
so much of its attention. The un
dertaking of which the letter speaks
is of such interest, that, if it suc
ceed*, as is hoped, the came of the
author well deserves to be identi
fied w r ifh his Work, whioh we there
fore take the liberty to call the Lv*• ,
ingstoo Code,—,Yt. Int.
Ntv VoKt,''G**iv tsiv.
Hear Sir: In the la*t conversa
tion we had, you seemed to desire
my opinion of Mr. Livingston’s pro
ject for a Criminal Code for Louis
iana. but there wa* not time for a
considered answer, nor had I then
perused the works with which he
favored me. with infßcient care;
and the unlurky accident which con
sumed the product of so much mind,
will, for e lime, but only for* time,
deprive the public of the advantage
which will certainly result from his
labors. Ufa is not discouraged nor
dismayed ; ami, as his energetic
mind is now trailed and disciplined
to thr work, I have no doubt he
will, like the tndusuious ant, rebuild
his heap, or, like the honey bee, re
store and renovate his treasure
The same dements are within his
reach still. Tue same range will
brhig him to the same flowers from
which he Giilied his former stork-
The samebeok of nature, tfie same
productions of science, and the same
lights of reason and judgment, re
main. ft i# hut a renovated labor,
which Imbii must have rendered fa
miliar, and what was uil at first
will he amusement hereafter. The
simile, however, fails in this, that
the and the ants are macy, and
bes but one. The substituting
generalisation,
tions.aod simple firm", in the place
of fortuitous ns??;s?c§ and particu
lar enumeratico. is so obvious and so
conformable to the universal princi
ple of science, that it is'w'onderful
to think that it should ireei with
oppositioa from dry eniightesed
q uieter. But custom is c mighty
tyrant, and he must be bold and
faithful who da*es to invade his an
cß’nt empire, f will nor say that
life. Li'i lptot. * Code will he per
fect. lie ii fur from preteediog to
shot. i>ut T thick it will go go far as
to be a great beaefit to hU own state.
And. by conscqu-iioe, to us nit.
Opinion i, P , pW ; T
the 7’fie-Mwrr.'uiau, rev .
crenre, r.„- I.srburau, an.l ofien lirj.
l-.h am-qu,.,., i, Tamsliaj. kclW,.
’■ ’ 1 ,!a . v - *<mc, cxirpi die
very weak am) tlhd, now look ,o
,)!<>. -mjon timet for priceipies of ju.
I. praoenoe spited „ eo \. (ta J_
i/J'U ‘.jy-oieam ha, pMM u away.
The Washin gton News.
WASHINGTON, (georgia) SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1825.
The era of the common law is not
now ascribed to Alfred, or Edward
the Confessor* but to uiose days of
revolution and reformation, when
letters and commerce burst the
chains of ignorance, at farthest in
the 17th ceatury. Some, wiser
still, refer out common law to our
own Revolution; and some, perhaps,
wiser r.till* wish to hear of it no
I more; to have no more traditional
law; to have it, as fur a* it is good,
reduced to writing, as other things
arc that are meant to hind; & where
any unforeseen exigence arises, to
let common sense apply the plain
principles which the code itself and
its general principles will furnish.
Messrs, Livingston, L : slef, aovi Der
higny. hi their report to the legisla
ture on the projected amendment to
their Civil Code, recommend that
all such oases shall be reported, and,
at stated times, laid before the Ge.
ncral Assembly; and, if (he Judge’s
decision be approved, that it be ia
serfed \oder its proper head as an
amende \nt, without deranging ilia
order cf the whole, but never till
then be cited as law. This insets
the objection made by some, and
much insisted on by Mr. Dapooeeau,
in his late work on jurisprudence,
that a Code or writtea text would
become antiquated in its turn, a\d,
in the mean time, would want that
plasticity or malleability tha the
Common law lias, which, being de
livered out of the Judge’s mouth,
may be modified gradually to suit
the times.
At present there is no positive law
amongst us except statutes, and
they are in borrowed phrase, aad
that the worst that ever was used,
and doubtless su h perversion of
language as would oo( be iclerased
in any ordinary composition* AnJ,
as to the ooniiuon law, the *n!y evi
dence of it is, in reports of cases
now become 31 numerous as to bid
defiance to all certainty cr precis
ion; aud, like suspicions and sus
pected wiincsvcff called and exam
ined to contradict and confront eaoh
other* Os which kind of jurispru
dence come these evils—the loss of
time, the enfeebling nf (be faculties,
the uncertainty of judgment, the
discredit of the law, the fediousnes*
of arguments, the delay of justice,
the encouragement of chicane, and
the ignorance which must result
from too many, as well as too few
hooks, lor, if there 1743 a day when
taco were ignorant for want of books,
so there is one when ignorance pro
ceeds fj’ijna having need of too ma
ny. I have not mentioned the ex
pense which, though a great dis
! ucuragpimsnt to all who have not
| fortune’s gifts, Is cf smaller import
ance to the public iUao the conside
ration that the client may be ruined
hy a book, imported, perhaps, from
abroad, altering Ike evidence of the
Common Law, as supposed t>o be de
rived from the Saxons, at the critical
moment of hi® judgment.
I( is just s year since I vestured
to express these ideas, in a discourse
before the Historical Society of New
York, and. as might be ex peer ted,
was visited with heavy censure and
even acrimonious reproaches by
some journalists; hut I considered
these cries as diagnostics cf the
mental malady, and was pleased that
the subject met notice and discussion
in any shape. Since that time, the
North American Review', and some
other jouraals of high character,
and some daily papers, as the Co
lumbia Telegraph, the New York
American, and Commercial Vdver
tiser, have opened their columns up
on the enemy, some more, sma less
decidedly. The celebrated Doctor
Cooper, President of Columbia Col
lege, Sou'll Carolina, has given his
na?no with his vigorous arguments;
and what is more important still,
£he Governor of that state hat re
commended it to the Legislature, as
a measure that will endear them to
posterity, to appoint a Committee
to prepare a Civil Code; and this in
a message full cf mauly seaso and
energetic wisdom.
The objections generally urged
r. re these : That the laws we use,
and the forms io which they arc ad
ministered, are sanctioned by time
and experience, and should not be
Li asluy tunovated upon; that it if rash
(and dangerous to tear uplandmarkj
that our laws arc already the wisest
and the best; that the feudal re
mains, if any, are innocent, and
that they are still progressively im
proving; and that, if a textual code
were established, as in France, the
same accumulation of reports* *oni
mentaries, and treatises, would fol
low a*, they say, it has in France.
Some of these arguments ara mere
prattle, and disowned by the more
thinking snd informed of the nppo
sers. Such men as car Kents, and
Storys, ami Duponoeaus, are inea
pable, I have authority to sav so,
although they have been cited for
my condemnation, of suoh prejudi
ces. They,give up the first twenty
centuries of this supposed Common
Lxw, and the multitude of had books
row worse than useless. They know
that much reform is yet wanted, but
*
they think it may he accomplished
by the liberal infusion of the civil
and foreign laws wherever they ex
cel our own. I have great defer
ence for the opinions of suoh men,
| but I have also r,n opinion of my
own. I think the present genera
tion is entitled to the benefit of “he
improvement*,-and (hat they should
not resemble Jacob’s fodder, as I
have sometimes to them, with
one end in this world the other
in the next—and {LJudges should
stiil he Judges ; and Legislators,
Legislators. I thiak we should not
refuse to swe**p our house because
more dost may numc, or weed our
garden because other weetfo may
grow, and, because we ecumat da tjv
err thing, do nothing.
Rut I fear I have been too long
so r your precious time, and wiT on
ly farther subscribe myself, yours,
very sinoerrlv,
WILLIAM SAMPSON.
From the new York American
The Creek Indians have evinced,
in the following article, their <Je.
ter mined purpose not to di*p'*s© of
these idijii. The t*>** of fii*orci s
if her Governor speaks the language
of its people, is a* determined in its
purpose to take possession of those
lands. The Indians, so for, have
certainly the advantage of Reese and
argument. On this subject wc
have received the eominmfiration
that follows, headed “ Georgia
Claims J*
GEORGIA CLAIMS.
One ofthe great e’iis to he dread
cd in the event of Mr. Craw fol d*?
election, would be his indulgence
ol the claims, end Hr;
in the ferocious design*of ihc Geor
gians upon ihe Indians inhabiting
their own laml* withri ferrito
r* limns of fieo; !*;a r ( |<f
ent president, of the Coifed .Tates
has the confidence and love of those
Indians, and they foci; to him as
their faihe-; and tie has not o'dy
acknowledged u* (hem and to *.V
oation the full extent, the rmlsr e,
aud the soundness oftiie righ’s they
lay claim to, but lie ha? ai .o indi
cated to ’he executive of Georgia,
that the United Slates were bound
to, and would protect those men of
the forest in their M purßuU of hap
piness,” the security of their lives,
and the possession of iheir property.
It is easy to foresee that J!,r.
Crawford would he carried by the
tide of feclfog in his own siatr r.f
Georgia. ‘Those designs, sanguin
ary, unjust, and murderous, as
they are, have nevertheless been
distinctly avowed and deliberately
determined upon, -Georgia calls
upon the government of the United
State3 to extinguish (he Indian tj
tie to lands within their territory.
The Uni(ed States replies that they
have done ail they could to effect
that object, ami io the extent of
the obligation resting upon them;
their contract with Georgia only
uinding them to the extinguishment
of the Indian title when it could be
done peaceably, and at r. reasonable
cost. Georgia reiterates Ler de
mand, and threatens a resort to
arms for tlie seeur tty ot* her claim:
she plainly points her murderous
dagger at the very existence of the
peaceable, the Cinistianized, the
well-infbrined Indians, calmly pur
suing their own avocations oa their
owe Uadi; and has the hardihood
lo inform the world that she will,
as the next resource—what, ye hea
vpn? ! what is it she threatens J
what, hut to butcher, burn, and
exterminate a remnant of men who
have no crime hut their existence,
& no ambition but to live in quiet, &
in peace lay they hones with the
bones of their fathers. Lei the fol
lowing paper, conceived by Indians
and written by an Indian, testify to
their intelligence, their feeling and
their just apprehension of right,
and let him who cannot fee! for
their cause, blush for his humanity
act! rank himself with demons.
Foie-Cat Spring, Creek Nation,
October 29, 182*,
The Chiefs and head men of the
said Nation, in council convened,
pursuant to previous appointment,
having received of ihe U. S. Agent
a request to assemble at Broken A
rrow on the first day of Deo. next,
thereto meet totnrnissionerg ou the
part of the United Stales, to de
mand of us anew cession of land;
therefore, we tho undersigned,
chiefs, head men, and warriors
present, being aware of & consider
able increase in the population of
Hie Creek Nation during the last
few years, and being already con
fined in too small bounds, taking
into consideration the vast quantity
of barren soil which is within the
limits we occupy:—for there are o
(hcr reasons equally important, we
deem it imporitio and contrary to
the true interests of this Nik-m
to dispose of any more of our i !
try: and any authority beret jiv
given to any individual, either writ
ten or verbal, hath long since been
revoked and done away. There
fore, it is resolved by the Chiefs in
Council, that a copy of this be
transmitted to some editor of a pub
lic: newspaper in the U. State* for
publication. Confiding in the mag
nanimous disposition of the citizens
of the United States, to reoder juq
tiee to those of their fellow-creat
ures who have not the tub means
within themselves of communicat
ing their resolves, or of defending
their just rights against the malevo
lent designs of those who seek to en
trap them to ruin and destruction;
it is confidently hoped, that this
publication will become general
through the press, so that it may
he known to the world that the
Creek people are not disposed to sell
one foot more of their lands. That
we are fast progressing in the arts
of civilization cannot he doubted.
Take, for instance, a correct esti
mate of the quantities of homespun
manufactured by Hie Upper Creeks,
i. e. only those inhabiting (he wa
fers of the Coova and Talspoosa,
which lists been kept fqpm the an
nutty 1523 to that of !St2i. This
amounts so upwards of thirty thou
sand yards. And we are happy to
say that agriculture aid other arts
of civilization are equally fast im
proving. The benevolent societies
now in operation in onr country, by
whose care a number of our children
are now under tuition, promise to
do well; and under their sy tern of
edu -{.sion, we hope to a? the
hill of science, where Jippiness
ard virtue are to be found; ted in
the nHaioment of these blessings
we are determined to remaio on the
soil which gave us birth, and in our
own native land, where rests (ho
remains of our anoestort; also
•!m!< our b’ nes moulder with the
dust of our forefathers: and there
shall our children rise in prosperity
and happiness, or siok in adversity,
We acknowledge we are weak, and
reduced to a haudful; and we know
that oar white brothers are strong
and numerous, as the trees of our
forest; yet may we not hope to re
ceive that justice which our impor
tance requires? Our father the
Presideat loves us, aid is now doing
i %?uch to improve the condition of
* us his red children. Under his sos
i tering hand we hope we have ooth
! ing to fear. He views with delight
! our rapid improvement in eiviliza-
I (ion; and we oow leave it to our
Christian brothers, the white peo
ple, to say, if it would not be bard
and painful to see us drives) from
our houses, our fields, our country,
and from the privileges we new ea-
j >v. a !•-*;< ,? * ll*r l ‘? ; ■|N,V':
wo til. I !.* “tv us in l* H9HH
(hr pi the
100 o, hi t! h.'l k.’ : I .•*
to fho uni’ ptiilKitc <XHH|
hunting.
Thrrefo:e* we agvo tcu*■ll
we fiave no <fosfoe to :liuk|H|||
lands. \mJ being peHVr;
Shat our r .*. hog* jre HH|
proper Koiiive. vy* line JjfljVli
expeef juifi e from
Christian brethren* a
mare <fo we or rrtr
Election of k M/Bmm
r The following
fore Oie lirtiisp
l ’biiugit U tirigif j
dividual. \.H its
io .be whole
*fHetnefii* svl:! 1 !;
if we were not ‘’'■Hl
that ajo to (. ’
as the letter nt ‘
•for.{* tup i
fr- lh‘ elected ’’ -.JB'teISSSS
Tboy may
fhouM *i,) po m t , -,
tl.er. \\ r w.iul
Brent, tlsat (lit;
be so bmc ul ii. f,
people directly to
C.hiei M.igfftrair
by a majority of
with this proviso. lh>*t if
ity goes to r-ry individual.
Electors tc be
ted hy the people, should ijfo
quently meet in tr/ie college, af h
| hrot the President of the lJ
highest numbers— liich. EnnA
The Vetilion of William
Jr, of Stafford county, and Mi
of Virginia, respectfully wpnH
to the Speaker, and Delegates cj
General Assembly of VirginiajM
Thai iiie right oi the Peci
the United States to
to their Legiilktivo b
oi peluir*’ r moasiraneflHl
di o?s of tbo .vcongr done iIHH
on foundations U|
keo, The riglu of
the Colony of Vnp-gj^^
fb,-.,r a,-a
iiirone a::d iho pu'bflHlH
m.-iu vreaiJu of YiJHHHH
Dfc. MtAvyoj-/
D‘tdf a: ■ci'Hb.im-*
day (J %**y, i/y
hi rc:ai:';J. . .:i /,
eursnr- st “ ii, ejHHHHHjI
saiitto t A the i fl-
Amcrtoy. m th
the fin: Mgo"?
ska* was tnw
P i.V'rt ft til!
f aration*
>. “* • ( t I Sih te
©an* ttner, ou-w:-
and our
firm reiie.nne ■
JiRNCR,” hav:r’^^k^29|m|
‘fooiarafiais, - . ..•
the. iantii) oM /’©
be hU *r, tvM.
To this wB ‘
TifiNof the
test and m©*: h. ujl...■’
human Genius*
rit of Tsictm to
An luveniion intended i*mMMk
tn that spiri. of
darkness in b itAHH
circumvented <*.§! bu'nan 9H|
and keeps ia bondage
whole human
wh.oli if successful b
eessarify bo adopted
that pleasure is preforaHHßj
. or Tm ti: shall
;
The struggle bet wee vMKSS
| of L ; gfe. and
■ Falsehood. Liberty and
j has continued from the
from the earliest periods u immß
It f’ill sa f lists, fu dunNq
will re*, r. ** The nighms&*s
that r,c?i ’ finds the
We. (lit* People of tu^H
in order to secure foe JHjBBj
Liberty to
teriiy. firmly rr
trial rl‘ tf.ij
vendor:?., have ratifHHHHl
tulinn of the United
our ordinary Legist a
Conventions ic our HH|
reign capacity.
. Vetweau wb a mSS&iSi