About Columbus enquirer. (Columbus, Ga.) 1828-1861 | View Entire Issue (April 7, 1832)
THFJ ENQUIRER IS PUBLISHED WEEKLY, A T three dollars per annum, payable in ad vance: or four dollars if not paid for before fho end of the year. AuvEHTUEUKvrs will be inserted at tho rates of scocntij-Jice cents [icr bandied words fer tile lint insertion, and fifty cents lor each week’s continuance. In all advertisements, the words ’ that do not amount to an even bundled, will be / considered as an bandied, and charged ns such. When the number of insertions of un udverlise ** mentis notspecilicd, it will be continued until forbid, and charged accordingly. Sheriffs' and other Officers’ advertisements in- * sertod at customary rates. Letters to the Editors on business must be post-paid; and in nil eases where it is not done, COLUMBUS Shoe Store. tho postage will be charged to the writer. 9ALES OF LAND, By Administrators, F.xe- eucor* or 'vuaraians, nre required by law to be held on the first Tuesday, in the mouthy between the hours often in tho forenoon and «l»rce in the fefternoon, at the court-house in the county in whi6h the property is situate. Notice of these are to ho given in a public gazette SIXTY IXAW previous to the day pf «ale. SALES OF NEGROES must be at public auction, on the first Tuesday of tho month, be tween the usual hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the county where the Letters Tes tamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, —rv may have beon granted, first giving SIXTY HAYS notice thereof, in one qf tin:' public gn- zottos of this atnte, and at the door of .the court house where such sales are to bo held. Nntico fortlie sale of Personal Property innst be given in like tnannor fur FORTY DAYS previous to tho day of snlo. Notice to the debtors and croditors of an Estate must be published FORTY DAYS. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for LEAVE TO SELL HAND, must be published FOUR MONTHS. LEAVE ~~ Notice for LEAVE TO SELL NEGROES Vnust be publishod for FOUR MONTHS, he- ibro any order absolute shull be made tlioieon by the Court. WAAE-HOVSS. AND COM3IISSION BUSINESS. riVlf, undersigned having taken tlie new JL Ware-House near tho Wharf for the pre sent season, tenders his services to biafrioads end the public in the above basiness. Hu will be prepared to extend the usual facili ties to his customers, and hopes by giving his per sonal attention, to share a part of the public pat- WM. H. K1.MB.COUGII. nmnge. Columbus, Sept. 84—19—tf THE WARE-HOUSE AND Commission Business ILL lie continued by the subscribers un- derthe firm of S. K Hodges A. Co. who. while they feel grateful for. former favors wilt ao> deavour to deserve n continuance of them. SEABORN JONES, ■SAMUEL K. HODGES. Qs ConsionSiest—And Kill be sbld on accommo- dating'Sernu: 403 bhls. Sugar, 120 sacks Codec, 1.000 bushels Salt, . 14 quarter casks Wine, 3.000 lus. Castings, 20,000 lbs. Bacon, 4 boxes White Savanna Sugnts, 5 dozen pairs Boots, G boxes Sals, various qualities, 10 bills. Salts, 100 pieces Bugging, Buie Rope, Iron, Steel, Nalls, Shoes, Pumps. &c. 1 So ‘ ' Upper and Sonl Leather, Syrup, Sweetmeats, Ac. September Iff—13—3t GENERAL AGENCY rr AND COMMISSION BUSINESS, Columbus, Georgia. T HE snbserilxirs tender their services for the transaction of the aliovc business, under the firm of TARVEft A SQUIRE. and are now ready to receivo Merchandize and Produce, for sale, on consignment. They are al* so now making arrangements for the erection of a hirge and extensive Waro-f' ~ ~~ s-House for the rcceji* lion of Colton, early next Fall. They are prepared to make liberal advances on nil Merchandize and Produce consigned to then); and will devote thefr whole attention to the inter est of those who favor them with their patronage. BENIAMIN P. TARVER, IJARVBY II. SaUIttE. REFERENCES. Messrs. James Hamilton & Son, Now York. ** Geo. P. & Wm. O. Bayvorn, N. Orleans. <r Brooks, Latlirop & Co. .Appalachicola. Edward J. IInr<l!n, Esq. do. George W.. Dillingham, Esq Columbus, Ga. Hiram Nourse. Esq. do. . ON CONSIGNMENT, 15 1 bbls. superfine Flour, 18 “ Molasses. 10 11 Sugar, 3 “ Prime Pork. I “ C. Brandy, 1 ■* N. Gin, 3 casks M.dnssos, 9 hlids. now Bacon, 1 “ New Orleans Sugar, 1 bill, fresh Almonds, 18 kegs fresh Lard, 1-4 cask Claret Wine, 2 boxes Cotton Cards, No. 10, 1 *• lannons, ID “ Cider, 2 *1 Lemon Syrnp, 1 '• Lime Juice, } cask Choose, U ferkins Batter, 2 kilts Salmon, 1 bog (101) bags) fresh Garden Seeds, 12,000 American Setters. TARVER & SQUIRE. Columbus, March 8—43 El WELLS & Co- H AVE removed to the Brick Building next dborubove Wm. D. Hargrove’s, in Brand Street, where they offer for sale, on reasonable terms, BOOTS! AND SHOES of every description, of their own munufiicturo, consisting of 200 pairs gentlemen’s Boots 300 do. calfskin Shoes, high and low quarter, 100 do. calfskin Pumps, 75 do. buckskin Shoes, 50 do. sealskin Pumps, 200 do. Brogans. _ 300 do. courao Shoes, GROCERIES, For Cottony Pipe Staves, Hides or approved paper. i)UO do. course cohoes, muucrme prices, lor Lrttsir. Ladies’ prunelle Boots and Shoes of various 3tuV09 > siJe9 or approved Taper, kinds. • t ^ do. do. kinds, Morocco Shoes, Scalskiq do. ■* do. Calfskin do. do. - Leather walking Show and Boots, Misses and children's Boots and Ehocs. of every description. JUST RECEIVED i\. if. All work of their own manufacture, By steamboat Georgian, a general assortment of irrantod not to rm. ® warranted not to rip. July 2—7—tf Casht Cash!!! If you want *any of the above article, take a Ticket in the MILLEDGEVIJLLE STREET' LOT T E RY, WHICH 114 S A SPLENDID SCHEME, seen as th'k voi.ijiwino : PRIZE OF f 25,OOO 4 “ '* 5$00 o - •' * •* 1,000 Besides many large and small prizes, too nume rous to particularize. The first-day's drawing will take place on the 1st May, 1 <S32. Wholes $ 10, halves $5', qunrtera .$2’ 40, to be ... . i lumbers at the Columbus had in h gn at variety of nn Book-store. Orders from the country enclosing the cash, postage paid, .will meet with prompt at tention. • ]). S. NORTON, ^ , , Agent for the Munagtrt. Columbus, Jnn. 14— COLUMBUS HAT STORE. NOURSE & CLARK JJ AVE received from the Factory by the late arrivals, Hats of the latest fashions, CONSISTING OF*- Blach, if/rtn am ifrrtb Rocky uroun- tain Jiravcr and Oiler HATS, Of a very superior quality, making their assort- “ -- —* 1 complc* ment extensive and complete —ALSO— CAPS, Consisting of Seal, Leather, Chinchilla, Circas sian and Children's fancy silk. READY-MADE CLOTHING Feb 17 (CF Cadi paid for Hatting Furs. “*'—40—tr Received on Consip ament, and for side low by the sal senbers. H Boxes Cider, first quality, JL \ W *1 bbt«. Cranberries, 3 bhls. New Orleans Rum, 5 do. nrime Porkj ^ 1 do. loaf Sugar, 2 do. Irish Potatccs, 1 do. dried Fruit, fi kegs Lard, 3 liiids. new Bacon, 50 sacks Liverpool Salt, 1G kegs white Lead, Drug.-r, .Medicines, Dye Sruife, Faints, Oil. Win dow Glass. &o will l»e sold at New York cost. March24—45 TARVER & SQUIRE. GROCERIES. T HE subscribers have, just received, per steamer Baltimore, end offer for sale low foreash' e bills, prime Perk, i. Vinegar, 1 do. ] do. Sperm Oil, cummer strained, 3 boxes Smoked llorriags, 5 drums Figs, 3 tasks Choose, 1 tierce Rice, 5 kegs Crackers TARVER &, SQUIRE. Columbus, March 8—43 L. C. ALLEN BAS RECEIVED PER STEAMBOAT BALTIMORE, Coguiac VIIAND V, Jamaica and American HUM, Holland and Aincricun (JIN, WINES, Loaf nml Brown SVGAIt, Piime COFFEE. TOBACCO. A largo assortment of JOINERS’ TOOLS, BLUE PLAINS. Which im offers for sale on his usual low terms. Dec. 10—30—tf NEW GOODS. WlLLIA^I- JONES & Co. V I AVE jjtSl ro&ivad' tho following articles, H I. to wi): 2 hhds. extra fine St. Croix Sugar, 1 hlld. English Island Molasses,. 1 pipe Cogniaa Brandy, Hehnessy’s brand, 0 bbls. — 1 “ 1 - JOB PRINTING 1 Neatly Executed at this Office.! _ Canal Flour, 2 casks imitation English Cheese, 0 firkins prime Goshen Batter, 20 liblf. Mackerel, No 1, 2 & 3, 10 boxes Spermaceti Candles, Fresh iiysun Ten, IJeuvy Black Pepper, Do. Pimento. 20 boxes Window Glass, 8 by 10, 10 lings old White Coffee. WM. II. HARPER, Partner Jon. 12—io—U CHARLES E. NORTON I NFORMS Merchants and Planters visiting Apalachicola, that he has just received from New Orleans, u large and extensive assortment of Groceries, which added to his former supply from New York, makes his assortment ns com plete, if not superior, to uny ho has over offered to the public His establishment will be supplied os often at once a month, that his customers may be.suro ut any time of finding a good assortment Merchants and Planters will find it to their ad vantage to give him a call, aa it ia his intention to sell ut moderate prices, for Cush; Colton, Pipe Just received as above, 50 nacka Green Huvqnnu COFFEEi _ by schonner Magellan, and to bo sold cheap for. cask. Apalachicola, Dec. 20,1831—34—istf JAFAN WARE; Copper and zinc Ketltus, Pewter Basins and PJutcs, 8 i'r f.:T’ Do. Zinc, Do. Russia Iron, Do. Brass, , Hoop Iron. ALSO ON HAND, A GENERA!. ASSORTMENT OF TIN WARE. All of which will he sold At the lowest prices, wholesale and re;oil. tt-T* Cash paid for old Pewter. „ , IIAUVEY HALL. Columbus. Dec. 17—31—if INSURANCE. T HF. Augusta Insurance and Banking Com pany will msure produce and merchandise against tlie dangers of River Navigation on good steumbonta and other rivet craft, and upon good vessels from Apalachicola tn New Orleans or the Atlantic cities, They will also take fire risk, upon buildings, mercnandUo and produoo. GEO. W. DILLINGHAM, Agent. Nov 5-25—tf ' H POWERS & NAFEW AVE just received end for sale the follow ing articles: Duff. Blankets, Bristol do London , „ Superfine and common, white, and red Flannels, Suttinets, Cumhlets, ladies' murino Hose, Black cotton do gentlemen’s merino and iathbs Wool Half Hose, Misses and children's do Superfine bonnet Ribbons, taffeta do fotof Guns: among which are choice Rifles, nod Percussion Fpwling pieces. Columbus, Dec. 3—29 NEW GOODS. L. C. ALLEN 11*0 kscEIVED AND IS RRCK1VIVC. ms FALL AND WINTER GOODS, W HICH ho will sell on accommodating terms. His stock is comprised in part of the following articles, viz: London Duftil, Rose and Point Blqnkcts, Super blue, black, brown anil olive Cloths, Black Lasting, Beavr rteons, Fancv Cord, Red and while Flannels Canton Flunnels, Red, white and figured Valencia Shawls, Uombazottcs and Bombazines, Merino Circassians of various colors, Cashmero Handkerchiefs, Bandanna, flagg. Pongee and plaid Silk Udkfs, Super Italian Cravats, various colors. Colored Crape Camblet, Cotton and Linen Drilling, Ladies’ silk, cotton, and Worsted Ilose, Gentlemen’s do. do. and half do. Ladies’ and gentlemen’s Gloves of various kinds, Cambric Swiss, jaconet and book Muslins, Super bleached and brown Linens. Brown and bleached Shirtings and Sheetings, Domestic Plaids. Bod Ticking, Russia Sheeting, Printed Bed-spreads,'Counterpanes, Italian Gres do Naples, Muslin Rebus, Sarcnel and Duchinc Silks, Silk and Cotton Umbrellas, &c. Ladies, gentlemen’s and children’s SHOES. A variety of men's, youth's and children’s HATS Sl CAPS# HARDWARE & CUTLERY. <£roc(tei'j> aim CfflawB^tuaie. ALSO, One cose superior SHOT GUNS. Nov 10—2(5—tf GARDEN SEEDS, AI8ED^by ike Shaker Societies, at Enfield and Lebanon, for sale nt tho Stoic of G. W. DILLINGHAM; Early Spring Fiat do. Long Hanover, do. Rutabaga, do. White flat, do. Cauliflower, So go. White Onion, Yellow Onion, Red Onion, Blood Beot, Early Turnip do. French Sugar, do. Mungo) Wureel, do. Orange Carrot, Blood Carrdt, Guernsey Parsnip, Long White Parsnip Long Cucumber, Long' Green, do. Early Cucumber, Early Cluster, do. Prickly Gherkin, Watermelon, Muskmelon. Natmeg-inelon, Cantolope, do. Squash Pepper, o,do. Cayenne, Double Peppcrgruss, Vegetable Oyster, Tomatoes, Solid Celery, Summer Suvory, Curled Parsley, Dwarf Curled, do. New Zealand Spiuuge, Round Spinnge, Long White Okra, Asparagus, Knsturlion, MEDICAL BOORS. T HE subscriber has just received nt tho fl.'llllH.I.H. Dm.I. Cl. ... . t s» ’ll * •» . ■ " lULoncu III ino — Columbus Book Store, the following Books: Smith on Fever. Hennen’s Mditary Surgery, McNevin’s Braude, Eberle's Practice of Medicine, Dewee’s on Children, Do. on Midwifery-, Cooper’s Surgery, Do. Lectures, James’ Burns, Abhrnethy's lectures, Tavernier’s Surgery, Hamilton on Purgatives, Wistnr'e Anatomy, Turner's Chemistry, Dental Surgery, Beck's Medicul Jurisprudence, , —also—' One set of 14 inch Globes, Celestial and terres trial, together with large Mupa of tho World, of Europe, Asia,.Africa, North and South America, and of the United States, yellow, roue and white letter Paper, foolscap, cartridge and wrapping Papor. blank Books, Quilla, Wafers, and Sand Boxes, pocket Map. of Georgia, Tennessee Vir ginia, Missouri, and Mississippi, Scissors, Nee dles, andCa-es, Razors, Penknives, and.Span- -fi do. Pistols, Snuff Boxes, over-pointed suver Penoil Coses, Percussion Cnps, &c. &c. &c. Together with u great variety of Books and other articles too numerous to particularize .. , E. S NORTON, March 24—45 Broad Street. H L. J. DAVIES & Co. AVE boon receiving .the last week, and Will continue to receive tlie present season, Goods by Savannah and Apalachicola Buy, which will enable them to keep up a general ami com plete assortment of STAPLE AND FANCY DRY-GOODS, —AMPNG WHICH ARE— Ros#London l)iiftlc and l'oirtt Blankets Sattinets of difl>;rent colors nud qualities Re<l t white nn« ^ieen FJnnueis White Canton Flannel Mixt Kersey abd blue Plains ijr °H de 9\yisHnnd Gros d<> Nap Silks of various colors Rlnckfialinn iWtring and Sinchow Silks Rich Fluid Silb Satins of varioul colors Florence do 1 do Italian Crapes dl» do Canton Cnmbleiund Pongees Black and greenworsted Berragp Phun and figured 9 wiss Muslins _ G® do Jnclconet Furniture and Cambric Dimity Ladies' Corsets and silk and cotton Lacings Thread, bobbinet and muslin Edgings Thread and bobbinet Footings Pluin and figured Bobbinet Lace Lace Capes Caps and Crazy Janes Infants lace and cambric Caps Bkmde Lace on j positing ink cambric Prints B.lack and white do do Black luce Veils French Muslins and Calicoes Plain and striped Ginghams Black, white and rod Merino Shawls Thibet - Silk and gauze Shawls and HondkerchiofiT Silk, flagg and bandanna do. Ladies’ linen and linen cambric do. Do do do bordered do Irish Linens and Table Damask Silk, cotton and worsted Hosiery Gentlemen's Woodstock and heaver Gloves Ladies' kid and horseskin Gloves and Mitts Gentlemen's woollen Gloves and Mittina Colored Cambrics Black and white Hooks Ac- Eyes Pins and Needles Spool Thread and Linen Floss White Mersailcs and printed Countorpnnes 3-4 and 4-4 Furniture Prints Dimity and furniture Binding ihs' ' ' Bleached and unbleached Sheeting and Shirtings Ladiea' Bead Bags and Purses Fine gilt Cloih and Crumb Brushes Gentlemen's sea otter and leather Capa ' Cloth and chinchilla Caps Blank and drab beaver and rornm Hats Willow Wagons and Table Matts. Millinary and Fancy Goods Of all descriptions. A SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF JEWELRY&PERFUMERY And a large and complete assortment of WI1TTZP. CLOTHIXTG’. ALSO, BOOTS & SHOES. 100 pair sewed and nailed Wellington Boots Juckson Sliootecs Ladies' l’runclla and leather Bootees Black and colored,- heeled Pumps Walking Shoes While satin Pumps v Misses and children's Shoos and Bootees of every description 1 500 pair Negro bees, a good article. Also, A good assortment of HARDWARE&CROCKERY Columbus, Oct. 29—24 tf COIaUMBITS Circulating Library. T HE subscriber respectfully informs tlu- in- habitants of Cotumbds ntul life neighbor- bond, that Ins Library is now open for the reeep- tion of sulwcribers. Tho Library will consist or Religious Works, Travels. History, Biography Poems, Romances, Novels, Review's, Magazines c. lie MM informs the public that ho has xrnmuiOpb, uu. isiimui uun, Dutch Summer Squash. Roquettc a fine salad, Ciookneck Summer,do. Garden Cress, Crookncck Winter,do. English Soriel, White Head Lettuce, White Mustard, Ice ILind, do. Brown do. Ice Cess, do. ].ecke, (mondial Sugar Lonf,do. E.irlv Sugar Corn, Cabbage Head, de. Early Washington Peas, Salmon Radish, Early June, do Scarlet, do. F.srly Charlton, do. Scarlet Turnip, do. White Marrowfat, do. Scarlet Short Top, do. Strawberry Dwntf.do. Drum Head Cabbage, Dwarf Blue Imperial do Early York,do. Early Cli. Dwarf Beans, Green Snvoy. do. F.nrlV Moli'wk Dwqrfi do Yellow Savoy, dn. White Kidney Dwnrf.do Early Su^ar Loaf, do. Superior White Pule, do Green Glazed, do. Cranburry Pule, doi 1 Lima roU) do. Red Dutch, do. Norfolk Flat Turnip, Jannury 7—34 mado arrangements to receive nil new pu lions as soon as issqed from the press As soon as the patronnge will admit of the undertaking a Rending Room will ho added to the above, froq for the snhsenliers, which will he well supplied with newspapers from different parts of the conn- try. terms.—For one year ten dollars, one hair in advance—Six months, viz dollars, one linlfin ad Vi i. , ,KC,il ' er " wil1 1,B allowed to change their hook* as often as onco a day if required, nml not allowed more thnit one work out ut a time. Any Kuhscrihbr losing or injuring a volume, will he charged for the sett. (FT* The Hubucrilwr takes this opportunity to return his sincere thanks to those who have so liberally come forward and bestowed their names in aid of the above undertaking. Nov i 2 . 26 i- u . 8:N ^«^.Bra a d..SVr Crt , bolting CLOTHS, rw .I... c. . i .... ... O F tlie first, second and third'qualities, for salcjiy STEWART Sc FONTAIN sale by May 1^—tf OPXNXCN OF THE SUPREME COURT, Delivered by Mr. Ch ief Justice Mar- shall, January Term, 1832. 3. A. WoncKSTxn rx. Thk Statk of Gxouoit ( Concluded from our last ) While tlieso States were colonies, 4his power, in its utmost extent, whs admitted Jo reside in the crown. When our Rovo- lutionary- straggle commenced, Congress was composed of an assemblago of depu ties acting under specific powers granted by the Legislatures, or conventions of tho several colonies. It was a great popular movement, not perfectly organized, nor wore the respective powers of those who tvero entrusted with the management of affairs accurately defined. The necessi ties of our situAUfiu produced n general conviction thatAose measures which com corned all, must be transacted bv n bodv .it) which the representatives of.aliwne as- .cmbled, and which could command the confidence of all; Congress, therefore, was considered ns invested with a l the powers of war and peace,, and Congress dissolved our connexion with the mother < oim ry, and doclared these United Colo nies to be independent Slates. Without any writte n definition of powers, they em ployed diplomatic agents to.represent the United Slates at tlie sevcrul.Court, of Eu rope; offered to nogotiutu Upa.ties with them, and did actually negotiate treaties with France. From the same necessity, and on the same principles, Congrera as sumed the management of Indian affairs; first-in the name ofthesc United Colonics and afterwards iu the name of the United States, Early attempts tvero made at negotiation, aud io regulate trade wifh them. These not prpving successful, war was carried oil under the direction, and with the forces, of the United States, and the error t» iff tnuke peace, by treaty, were earnest and incessant. The Confedera tion found Congiess in tlie exorcise of the same powers of peace and war, in oar re lations with Indian nations, as with those of Europe. Such was the state of things whon the Confederation was adopted.— That instrument surrendered the powers ot peace aud war to Congress, and .pro hibited them to the States, respectively, unless a State-be actually invaded, “or shall have received eertaiu advice of a re solution being formed by some nation of Indians to invado such State, and the dan ger is so imminent as not to admit of delay till the United Slates in Congress assem bled can be consutied.” This instrument also gave the United States in Congress assembled thk sole and exclusive right of “ regulating the trade and managing all the affairs wist the Indians, not members of any of the Stales: Provided, That the Legislative power of any State within its own limits be not infringed or violated.” The ambiguous phrases which follow the gram of power to the Ut ited States, wore so construed by the State* of North Carolina and Georgia ns to annul the power itself. The discontents and con tusion resulting from these conflicting claims, produced representations to Con gress, which were referred to a commit tee, who made their report in 1787.— The, report does not assont to' the con struction of tho two States, hut recom mends nn accommodation, by liberal ces sions of territory, or by an admission, on their part, of the powers claimed by Con gress. The correct exposition of this ar ticle is rendered unnecessary by the adop tion of our existing constitution. Tltut instrument confers on Congress the pow ers of war and pcaco; of makihg treuties, nnd of regulating commerce with foreign nations, and among tho scvoral Stntes, aud with the Indian tribes'. These powers comprehend all that is required lor the regulation of oor intercourse with the In dians, They are npl limited by uny re strictions on thvtir free actions. The shac kles imposed on this power, in the Confed eration, are discarded. The Indian nations had always been considered as dtstiuct, independent politi cal communities, retaining their original natural rights, as the undisputed posses sors of the soil, from lime, immemorial, with tlie single exception of that imposed by irresistible power, which excluded them from intercourse with any. other European potentate than the first discoverer of the coast of the particular region claimed: and this was areslriclion which tliore European potentates imposed on themselves, as Well as on the Indians. Tho very term, “ na tion,” so generally applied to them, means “ a People distinct from others.” The constitution, by declaring treaties already made, as well as those to he made, to be the supreme law of the land, has adopted and sanctioned the previous treaties with the Ind'uu nations, and, consequently, ad mits their rank among those Powers who arc capable of making tieatics. Tho words “ treaty” and.“ nation” are words of out own language, selected in our di plomatic and legislative proceedings, by ourselves, having each a definite And well understood meaning. We have applied them to Indians, as we havo applied them to the oilier nations of the earth. They aro applied to all in the same tense. Georgia, herself, has furnished conclu sive evidence that her former opinions on this subject concurred with those enter tained by. her sisters States, and bv tlie Government of the United States. Vari ous ncts-of her Legislature have ted i« the argument, including tract of cession made iu tho^ffmrT tending to prove her ncqnhjH cttce tmivoriaf conviction that #e Indian lions possessed a full riglflf to the tones they occupied, until that right should Bp extinguished by tho United Slates, wltli Iheiryonsem; that their WiitMrv was sep arated from that of troy State within whoso chartered limits they might reside, bv a boundary lme,.est|Wi,h e d by t.eatMq that within Jl.elr hodfiftwy, tfioy possessed nghis with winch no Stute could inter fere; and that the whtfio power of regula ting the intercourse with them, was vest- od m tho United States. A review of those acts, on the part of Georgia, would occupy too much tnote, arid is rite less ne cessary, because they Iffive been accurate abandonment of these opinions, appears to have commenced in December, 1828. In opposition to this original right, pos- sessod by the undisputed occupants of ev ery-country, to this recognition of dial right, which is evidenced by our ■ history, in every change through wliich we havo passed, is placed the charters granted by the monarch ot u distant and distinct re gion, parcelling out u territory in posses- stou of others, whom he could not remove and did not attempt to remove; and the cession made of Iiii claims, by die treaty of peace. The actual state of things at the time, id fill Ilisfni'V ei»«n n Al I , . sssissga HI UIU UHlUk and all history since, expluiu these char- local um<I *I««v If ip-* - f •« . lei’s; and the King of Greut Britain, at tlie treaty of peace, could cede oujy what be longed to Ins crown. These newly assert- *d titles can derive no ait) from the arti cles so often repeated in Indian treaties, oxtendmg to them, first tlie protection of Great Britain, and afterwards, that of the United States. These articles are asso ciated with others, recognizing their title to self-govornment. Tho very fact of re peated treaties with thoni recognizes ii; aud the settled doctrine of the law of nations is that a weaker power does not surrender ilk independence—its right to aelf govern ment—by associating with a stronger, and taking its protection. A weak. State, iu order to provide for its safety, may ulute it* aI f 11M J 01> I L « .— — _. A . • _ JO » . .. * . ISIOJ UIUVC7 itself under tho protection of one more powerful, without stripping itself of tho righto! government, and ceasing to be a State. Examples of this kind nje not Wanting in Europe. Tributary and ten. datory States,” says Vattel, il do not thereby ce.ase to'be sovereign and ihde- DCudlMil States. sa.hiugiu self.govwtMmuat und sovereign and independent authority is left in the administration of the State.” At the present day, more than one State ntny be considered ns holding its right of selfgovernment under the guarantee und protection of ono or more allies. The Cherokee nation, then, is a dis tinct community, occupying its own lerri- tOry, with boundaries accurately described, in which the laws of Georgia can have no force, and which tlte citizens of Georgia r V i° n ® n £l" loonier, hut with the assent of the Cherokces thbmselv.es, or in con formity with treaties, und with the actsot Congross. The whole intercourse bo- tween the United Stale* and this nation, is, by our constitution and laws, vested iu the Government of the United Stntes. The act of the State of Georgia, under which the plaintifl'itibrror'was prosecuted is consequently void, and the lodgement a' nullity. Can this Court ravlso and re verse it? If the objection to ilia System of logis- lation; lately adopted by ’the Legislature of Georgia; in relation to the Cherokee nation, was confined to its extra-territori al operation, ths objection, though com- plcto, *o tar as respected mere right, would give (his Court no power over the subject. But it goes much further. If the view which has been taken be correct, and we think it is, the acts of Georgia are repugnant to the constitution, laws, and treaties, of the United States. They interfere forcibly with the rela tions established between the United States nnd the Cherokee nation, the reg ulation of which, according to the settled principles of oor constitution, nre commit- tod exclusively to the Government of the Union. They are in direct hostility with trea ties, ‘repealed hi a succession of years, Wliich mm li out the boundary that separ ates the Cherokee country from Georgia; guaranty to them nil the land within their boundary; solemnly pledge tho faith of the United States to restrain their citizens from trespassing on it; and recognize tho pre-existing powor of the nation to gov ern itself. They are in equal hostility with the nets of Congress for regulating this intercourse and giving effect to the treaties. Tlie forcible seizure and abduction of the plaintiff in error, who tva's residing in the nation, with its permission, and by au thority of the President of the United States, is ulso a violation of the acts which authorize the Chief Magistrate to exbs- cisn this authority. Will these powerful considerations avail the plaintiff in error ? We think.they will. lie was seized, and forcibly carried nway, while under guardianship of trea ties guarantying the country in which ho resided, and taking it uudor the protection of the United Slates. He was seized wlnJo performing, under the jiu.ctiqtt (ff
