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BY JAMES VAN NESS;
PUBLISHED EVERY
THURSDAY MORNING,
IX THE “GRANITE BUILDING,” ttX THE CORNER
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All Sales regulated by law, must be made before
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of application to the Court of Ordinary for leave
to sell the Land or Negroes of an Estate, four
months.
fioTirK* by Executors or fi dniinistrators, to the Debt
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Sheriffs, Clerks of Court, Sic., will be allowed
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ft 33 s * Letters on business, must be post paid,
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From the N. Y. Evening Post.
Th3 o ontroversy between the Governor of
Virginia and the Governor of New York, in re
lation to the delivery of persona escaping from
one State into another to avoid the penalties
of tho law, is a very serious one, and if not. ju
diciously settled, may draw after it the most
inconvenient consequences. From such re
flection as we have given the subject, we are
very much inclined to think that Governor
Seward is in the wrong.” We give in the com
munication which foUo’iVF, a condensed exami
nation of the grounds taken by him in his cor
respondence with the Executive of Virginia.
For ilia Evening, Post.
The controversy between the Govcrnbr off
New York and Virginia, has given occasion to
it great deal of correspondence between those
functionaries: hut it does not appear to have I
Interested the public in proportion to its in
trinsic importance. The timer. ;y come, how
fever, when we shall attend to it as to some
thing which really concerns ourselves. To
Virginia the subject is of the utmost impor
tance; and whatever agitates Virginia, must
to some degree affect every other State in the
Union, so intiniato are our relations with e icli
other. It is not less our interest than our da- 1
ty to study this controversy, that we may not
buffer the Governor needlessly to embroil us ■
with another Bta’e. J
The facts are thesf?. Virginia lias a laY- j
blder than th 6 revolution, making it felony to j
steal a slave from his owner. Three men now
in New York are charged in Virginia, with
having stolen a slave from his owner at Nor
folk some two or three years ago. The Gov
ernor of Virginia demands the criminals—the
Governor of New York refuses to surrender
them, on the ground, that stealing a slave from ;
his Owner is not a crime within the meaning
or the Federal Constitution. He hold? that
H “crime” within the meaning of the Constitu
tion, is one recognized by the law sol the (State
to which the offender lias tied, or by the laws
generally prevalent among civilized nations.
The Constitution provides, Art. 4, Sec. 4?, as
follows:
“1. The citizens of each State shall bo en
titled to all the privileges and immunities of
citizens in the several States.
“2. A person charged in any State with trea
son, felony, or other cruna, who shad tbe from
justice, and be found in another State, shal',
on the demand of the Executive authority ot
the State from which he fled, be delivered up,
to be removed to the State having jurisdiction
of the crime.
“3. No person held to service or to labor
in one State under the laws thereof, escaping
into another, shall,’ in consequence of any law
or regulatiom therein, be discharged from such
service or lab >r; but shall be delivered up, on
claim of the party to whom such labor or ser
vice may be due.”
I give the whole section for the purpose of
showing, not merely the particular provision
concerning the delivery of fugitives from jus
tice, but the context.
Now, under those provisions, I maintain that
the Governor of New York is board to surren
der those accuse! persons to the justice of
Viiginia. In the view l take of the natter,
the duty of the Governor of New York under
the Constitution, is in no degree dependent on
the question, whether these men are guilty'or
not. Their guilt or innocence is to be judge.!,
not in New York but in Virginia. It is an es
sential attribute of sovereignty, that each State
should make and administer its own laws.—
The courtesy of nations, and that more perfect
courtesy,and intiuntc union that binds togeth
er the American States, requires us to pre
sume that each State will act uprightly and
do justice.
Nor do I embarrass myself with the ques
tion, whether the charge against those men is
sufficiently made cut, m the piper presented
to the Governor. I must assume for the pur
poses of argument that the charge is sustain
ed by proper evidence. Governor Seward dc
nies the obligation to surrender, assuming the
charge to be made out. It is upon this point,
that i propose to examine his op nions. -My
reasons shall be given in the most condensed
form possible.
1. The fair import of the language, requires
the Governor to surrender those men. They
are charged in Virginia with a crime, accor
ding to the laws of that Stat’\ But, says
Governor Seward, it must be a crime accor
ding to the laws generally prevalent among
civilized nations. Is it not a plain and conclu
sive answer, that there is no such qualifica
tion iu the constitution! A crime is an of
fence against the laws of Virginia. Her leg
islature makes criminal what acts it pleases.
A person charged with those acts, is a person
charged with a crime in Virginia.
2. Any other interpretation leads to absur
dities. The two explanation ot the Govern
or are inconsistent With each other. If “crime”
jnea is a rnnv in a State to which a person
Ins fled, then .!) t Constitution would require
of the Gove ■= r of one State what it did not
require of a t her ; and different duties from
successive ‘ - rem ore of the same State—
The a B*!im % cf the erinf.iil code of a
THE COLUMBUS TIMES.
State would make it an asylum for criminals
from other States. It would enable one State
by abolishing its criminal code, to absolve it
self entirely from its duty to deliver criminals.
It “crime” moans cr.me according to the la vs
generally prevalent among civilized nations,
then for an offence not generally recognized
by off er nations, the Governor could not sur
render one who had been guiity of an offence
made infamous by the laws of both New York
and Virginia. Besides, how vague and uncer
tain a rule would it be. Who is to determine
what are civilized nations, what are the laws
generally prevalent among them ? Is it Gov
ernor Seward of New York, or Governor
Campbell of Virginia, or Governor Boggs of
Missouri? And how fluctuating! Many
acts were crimes among all civilized nations
two centuries ago, which n£>w are no crimes
at all. At this day, all Europe acknowledges
for crime, what in America is none, sacrilege
for example. The slave trade is in our day
piracy, which a century ago was a lawful and j
honorable ts .flic.
•‘3. The purposes of the provision in the con
stitution require the government to deliver
up those persons. The whole scope of the
second section, is to bind the States together
—to make them for certain purposes one.—
The first subdivision prevents one State from
shutting out the citizens of another. Tho se
cond prevents one State from shutting in
those who have escaped to it for protection
from the justice of another. The third com
pletes the work* by obliging a State to send
back such fugitives from justice. That a for
ced explanation which Governor Seward
would fain make that the provision about fugi
tives from justice was merely a substitute for
a treaty between the States, which the Con
stitution had provided, because it had forbid
den the States to make treaties. But is the
; first subdivision a substitute fora treaty also;
or the third? Who ever heard of a treaty
for either of those purposes ? If the Consti
tution prohibits the States from making “trea
ties,” it does not. prohibit their making “agree
ments or compacts” with each other, with the
consent of Congress. These are permitted
by the lOUi section of the first article. The
Slates can therefore with the consent of Con
gress make mutual agreements for the surren.
tier of criminals. It is not for thfe want of
such power in them, that the Constitution Ln
tentered. It was because the States could not
harbor criminals escaping from each other,
and continue in peace. To secure that peace,
was the first object of the Constitution.
4. If any inference can be drawn from the
I history of the Constitution, it. is all on the side
|of Virginia; In the articles of confederation,
j the provision runs thus : “If any person guil
ty of, or charged with treason, felony, or oth
er misdemeanor in any State” &c. The con
vention seems to have intended to enlarge
tho provision. As the committee of five first
reported i!, “guilty of” were left out, but the
phrase “high misdemeanor” was retained.—
But afterwards, in the convention “it was mo
ved and seconded, to strike out the words
“high misdemeanor,” and insert the words
“other crime” which passed in the affirmitive.”
See Journal of the Convention, pages 226 ‘
301.
What toolc place on the occasion is thus de
scribed in Madison’s Debates:
“Article 15 being then taken up, the words
‘high misdemeanor’ were struck out, and the
words ‘other crime’ inserted, in order to com
prehend all proper cases, it being doubtful
whether ‘high misdemeanor’ had not a techni
cal meaning to limit.
“Mr. Butler and Mr. Pinckney moved to re
quire ‘fugitive slaves and servants to be deliv
ered up like criminals.’
“Air. Wilson.—This would oblige the ex
ecutive of the State to do it at the public ex
pense*
“Mr. Sherman saw no riiofe propriety in the
pub ic seizing and surrendering a slavo cr
servant than a horse.
“Mr. Butler withdrew his proposition, in or
der that some particular provision might be
; made, apart from this article.
“Article 15, as amended, was then agreed
to rtcmcon See the Madison Papers, vol. 3.
1474.
What would have been thought in this con
vention if someone had then said that little
more than fifty years a Governor of New York
Wold refuse to surrender a person charged
with stealing a slave tor the reason that steal
ing a slave was not a crime within the mean
ing of their language.
In what o*her way can our slates enforce
then- criminal code, under our present system
of the most unrestrained intercourse ? In Eu
rope the different governments protect them
selves by a numerous police and passports. —
Around every continental State, a cordon of
police’ officers is drawn, and the strictest vig
ilance is exercised over all that pass the fron
tiers. The international law of Europe is
adapted to such a state of things. Are we to
fall back upon the same system ? Already
Virginia has taken precautionary measures in
her frontier counties. It must come to that* if
the doctrine of Governor Seward is to be adop
ted by : he country. We must have passports
and gens d’arrns ? It was to prevent that ve
ry state of things that, these provisions in the
Constitution were secured. It was to open
freely the intercourse between the States.—
It was to guarantee to each of them as perfect
a means of executing har laws and defending
her institutions, as if she was surrounded with
a Chinese wall. At this present moment one
scarcely knows When he passes from one
State into another. If Governor Seward is to
be the expounder of the Federal Constitution,
the traveller will soon leafirt the boundaries
of the States. LOGAN.
From h , N. O. liiilletin, Feb. 3.
[from a correspondent.]
The enclosed letter from Gen. Hamilton to
Monroe Edwards, will show the object of its
publication.
Previous to the revolution in Texas, Mon
roe Edwards and Christopher Dart purchased
m Havana about two hundred slaves, which
were landed in Texas, and continued under
the co'.ilrol of Edwards until 1338.
A mortgage had been executed to the’ factor
in Havana, to secure the.paymcnt of $35,000,
the balance of the purchase money. Edwards
attempted to avoid the payment of the mort
gage, and refused to account to Dart for his
interest. The property was sequestered, and
Edwards produced and riled a release from
Dart for a:i h.s interest in the slaves. The
release was a forgery. A letter had been
written from Dart to Edwards ; the ink had
been extracted from all the letters but the
signature, but so badly done as to make it
obvious to the most casual observer that it
was a forgery. Besides, there was oilier evi
dence that made his guilt apparent. By the
laws of Texas forgery is punished by death.
He was prosecuted and committed to jail.
His counsel applied to a judge of another
circuit, and he was brought out on a u rit of
habeas corpus, and to the surprise of all he was
admitted to bail, upon a charge which was
not bailable. He, of course, did not make his
appearance Be mg shrewd, and understand
ing the weak points of the aboiit.onists, lie
went to Cincinnati, where, under show of
great contrition and virtue, he emancipated
two hundred slaves he never owned, and
which were encumbered with a debt of more
than ddtih’e their value. Those
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY IS, 1841.
lanlhropists held several sympathetic meetings,
which ended, as Monroe had designed, by
filling his pockets with cash, to aid him, as
they supposed, in freeing from bondage slaves
which he had imported, and were not his. —
He went to New York, where lie associated
with Auther Tappan, and received more mo
ney. He had with him one of the slaves
which he had stolen from his friend He went
to London, and had procured or forged letters
of introduction to Mr. Stevenson and Gen.
Cass. He applied to Lord Brougham, and
the British abolition society, and through them
to Lord Palmerston. At this stage of the
proceeding, Gen. Hamilton becameacquanited
with his movements, and addressed him the
letter which is given below. The folly and
fanaticism of the abolitionists jn the United
States and Great Britain, makes them the
dupe of any designing knave, and no one is
better calculated than Monroe Edwards to
make that weakness available. He is intelli
gent plausible, and designing. He has bar
tered a good name, a respectable position in
society, for the uncertain success that ever
attends the commission cf crime. He may
for a time impose on them who impose cn
themselves, but his end will be an ignomini
ous death.
{Copy).
15 Cockspur st. London, Nov. 23,1810.
Sir— l have just been informed by Mr.
Stevenson that you have presented to him a
letter of introduction asking his good offices
from the Secretary of State of the United
States, and that you have a similar letter to
Gen. Cass, the American Minister at Paris.
I beg leave to inform you that I have apprised
Mr. Stevenson that you are a fugitive from
the p ‘blic justice of Texas, charged with the
commission of an infamous crime. I shall
feel it my du’y to make a similar communica
tion to Gen. Cass.
I likewise understand that you propose ma
king an application to Lord Palmerston for the
aid of her Majesty’s government for the pur
pose of subserving some alleged objects of
public justice in Texas.
As the representative of the Republic of
Texas in Great Britain, 1 shall not fail to ad
vise Lord Palmerston of the facts which I
have communicated to the representatives of
the government of the United States at Paris
and London.
I hope you wiff spare me the pain and ne
cessity of a more detailed and public state
ment of yours recent history in Texas.
I remain your obd’t. servt.
J. HAMILTON.
Envoy of the Republic of Texas,
Monroe Edwards, Esq.
From tho Washington Corresponded;e of iho Charles
ton Courier.
Washington, Fob. 3.
Some excitement seems to have been oc
casioned in the Capitol, by the Tariff article
of the last Richmond Whig.
The editor of that paper, it is declared, tru
ly represents the whig leaders of Virginia in
proposing a return to the ‘old protective sys
tem, and hence it is inferred that there is great
and immediate danger to be apprehended by
the South.
One thing is certain, however, that what
ever may be the result of the tariff schemes
now on loot, the course of Virginia will not
decide it. The game is not in her hands. If
the great northern, middle arid western States
go for a tariff’ of protection* wo shall have it,
no matter which way Virginia may go.
The Senate is out of work—having des
patched the preemption land Hill* and having
determined that it is too late to take up the
bankrupt bill, they have nothing to do. ‘They
will debate a few private bills, therefore, by
way of occupation, and await the passage of
the Treasury note bill by the House.
The House had resolved to take the Treas
ury note bill out of the Committee of the
Whole at three o’clock t’o-day. But Mr.
Wise was anxious to offer an amendment to
it; the effect of which would be io give the
new administration five millions after the 4th
of March, over and above all money then due
and payable. Mr. Wise conversed with Mr.
Jones, Chairman of the Committee of Ways
and Means, on the subject, and the proposi
tion was assented to. Mr. Wise moved to
reconsider the resolution for reporting the bill
at three o 4 clock, with a view to amend it so
as to permit his amendment to be offered.
Mr. Wise stated, distinctly, that the major
ity of the House was in favor of his proposi
tion ; and that its adoption would take away
all pretext from the whigs for an extra session
for raising more money. The motion for re
consideration prevailed ; biff, after various
parliamentary evolutions, which it would be
idle to state, the original motion requiring the
Committee to report at three o’clock, was
withdrawn, and the House went back into
Committee of the Whole, without any limi
tation upon their action.
So, we are all at sea again. The ! louse
has launched again into the debate, and it may
iast till the 4:h of March.
Among those who spoke, to-day, was Mr.
Alford, of Georgia—a gentleman who speaks
but seldom, but with great effect. lie sup
ported Mr. Wise’s views, in the main, oppo
sed an extra session of Congress, and all
high handed and overbearing measures. Mr.
Alford spoke two hours, and with great energy
and etract. The war horse of Troup” was,
perhaps, never more distinguished before.
I am told that another Georgia whig is com
ing out, in the same wav.
All the questions before the country must
be postponed till the extra session, which, will
certainly take place. Only two members
have spoken against it, as yet.
From the Standard of Union, Jan. 22.
HARRISuM AMD REFORM,
vs
THE INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE
The deleterious effects ot the Harrison and
reform measures of the last legiMuuue, are
every day becoming more apparent, an 1 a
very iutle tune will disclose tiie lact, that the
acis of no session lor forty yCais past, have
inti cted had so much of embarrassment and
distress upon the Slate, as the memorable re
lbrmauoft of 1840.
We need not speak just now, of their hard
money measure, denominated the resumption
bill, l'f.at will veiv shortly speak for itself;
but their murderous assault upon Hie Central
Bank, the last hope of an anx ous and suffer
ing people, to save them from impending ruin,
stands prominent, among the most lii advised,
injudicious, and disastrous proceedings, that
mark the legislation of Georgia.
We have lived a long time, and witnessed
many reverses in the affairs of the world.—
We have had wars and embargo’s. We
have seen days of prosperity anti adversity,
hot in all, there is not a parrallel to the dis
tress and desolation winch will come in 1841 ;
and with all tiiese terrors before them, the
Harrison reformers have “shut the gates o’
mercy” upon tneir constituents, and left (hem
unprotected gainst the storm which is gath
ering for their destruction.
It was well known to the legislature, that
the cotton crop had failed —that the people
were in debt—that law suits were multiplying
in every direction, and a t ighlfnl sacrifice of
propeity would inevitably follow, unless, some
a'd waa afforded. Alley.B were turned to-
THE UNION OF THS STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.
wards Milledgevtlle. The reformers had
: promised better times—toe democrats were
; known to be the friends of the people, and be
! tween ih j p edge-*of the Whig party to make
! money plenty, and the known devotion of the
democracy to tiie wants and wishes of their
constituents, who could have doubled that eh
fioient measures would be taken to sa r e tie
country tront wide spread desolation? Bui
it is the fate of man to he disappointed. The
session has passed by and what has been done?
Much has been done to increase, hut nothing
to alleviate the distress, or dispel the gloom
which pervade tire community. The people’s
own institution lias been closed against them,
and they have been denied the vise of their
pwn credit and resources. The doors of the
Central Bank have been shut in their faces, bv
t tie very men who gained their ascendency by
promoting relief to the needy.
We say, the people have been denied the
use of their own credit; for the uiEasure pro
posed by the Governor in his special Message
of the 15rli December, recommended an is
sue of S ate hoods to enable the Central
Bank to loan a sufficient amount to meet the
necessities of the country, which was neither
more nor less, than the peoples credit; and
this denial was attempted to he justified upon
the fl msy pretext of partiality. It was con
ten e I bv the Reformers, that inasmuch as all
the people were not in debt, it would be an
act of exclusive partial legislation, to loan to
those who were in embarrassed circumstances
—and vet they were guilty of acts far more
parti and and exclusive in their character. Did
they not appropriate a large sum of money
for a lunatic asylum? Yes, they voted nine
thousand dollars, in addition to lartre appro
priations heretofore made, for its erection and
completion, and what is the object, and who
are tlie beneficiaries? The object is benefi
cent, and the beneficiaries, n very small, but
unfortunate class. Now if it is right to ex
pend the peoples money by thousands to bet
ter the Condition of a dozen or twenty, is it
not equally so, at least, to allow one half of
them to better their own condition hy the use
of their own credit, when it would not cost
the State one cent? Let those answer who
talk about partiality.
If the legislature had followed the ad videos
Governor M’Donald, the people could have
gotten money to save them until another crop,
hut his views were disregarded, and they must
suffer the consequences.
Presuming that a distribution of three mil
lions of dollars would have taken off a heavy
load of embarrassment, we have made out a
table of the amount each county would have
received, bv witch it will be seen that many
millions worth of property would have been
saved from sacrifice, and thousands of helpless
families from beggary. It was hastily made,
but is very near an accurate distribution of
the amount proposed.
Appling, $10,900 Jones, 41,500
Baker, 11,500 Laurens, 23,500
Baldwin, 23 000 Lee, 13 500
Bibb, 40,000 Liberty, 26 509
Bryan, 11.000 Lincoln, 24,000
Builock, 15 000 Lowndes, 23,500
Burke, 50,000 Lumpkin, - 29.500
Butts, 24 000 Macon, 21000
Cobb, 29.500 Madison, 32.000
Columbia, 43,500 Murray, 16 000
Covveia, 45 500 Muscogee, 69 500
Craw lord, 34,000 Mat ion, 20,000
Camden, 22 000 M In tosh, 20,000
Campbell, 24 000 -Men live the r, 63,000
Carroll, 20 000 Monroe, 65,000
Cass, 2J.000 Montgomery, 14,000
Ciiaihani, 84 000 Morgan, 53,500
Cherokee, 22 000 Newton, 54,000
Chattooga, lG.OOOjOglelliorpe* 55000
Cl uk, 45 000 Paulding, 11,500
Decatur, 21,500 Pike, w 40,000
DeKaib, 51.5(10; Pulaski* 21,000
Dade, 4,500; Putnam* 45,000
Dooly, 19,000 lia bun, 9,500
Early, 19,000, Randolph, 27,500
Effingham, 10,500 Richmond, 54,000
Ei ert, 58,500pcriven, 20,000
Emanuel, 14 OOOjStcwarf, 44,500
Fayette, 39 000 Sumter, 19,000
Floyd, 16 000 Talbot, 02,000
Forsyth, 25 000: Taliaferro, 19,500
Franklin, 45.0001 Tattnall, 11,080
Gilmer, 7.500; Telfair, 12,000
Glynn, 15,000i Thomas, 25,500
Greene, 44 OOOj Troup, 55,000
Gwinnett, 52 500 Twings, 34,500
HpbcrshSm, 38.000- Union, 11,000
Hall, SS 500 Upson, 58,500
Hancock, 39 500 VVaiker, 21,500
Harris, 48 00(i Washington, 42,500
Heard, 22 000 Wayne, 6,500
Henry, 51 000 Wilkes. 44,000
Houston* 51.5001 Wilkinson, 30,000 j
Irwin, 8,590; Walton, 46,500
Jackson, 54,500, Ware, 11,000
Jaspe r , 47,000; Warren* 43,500
Jefferson, 23,000‘
If this, amount could he distributed in the
next two months, who can estimate the good
it would do? And without it, who can calcu
late the amount of loss and privation—of des
titution which will visit us?
We affirm that the legislature might, have
done much for the people. That the Central
Bank might have not only been sustained, but
rendered amply able to have loaned them, not
only three millions, hut double that amount, if
their necessities had required it; hut the re
forrners resolved that they should sutler; but
if we know the people, we are very confident,
that thev will soon cry out, enough of “Har
rison and ref.>mi.”
The Public Domain. —The amount of un
sold land in nine states is 151,000,000, re
ceipts 897,000,000, cost to the nation in the
purchase of Louisiana and Florida, in extin
guishing- Indian titles, removing Indians, In
dian wars, agencies, offices, &c., $109,000,
000. Trie cost so far has exceeded the re
ceipts $12,000,000.
Great Artificial Lake. —The Miami (Ohio)
Times states, that the Grand Canal Reservoir
in Mercer county covers 13,000 acres of land.
The water is from 4 to 37 feet deep, and it is
the largest artificial lake in the world.
Mrs. Gaines estimates the number of per
sons sacrificed by war, from the time of the
destruction of Jerusalem to the battle ct YV a
terioo, at seventy billions.
Boston, Jar*.. 30.
Civilization ,—We are pleased to state, that
there was not a single individual confined
for debt in the Boston Jail, this evening, at 6
o’clock— a circumstance that has not occur
red for several years past— Eve. Gaz.
New* York, Feb. 3.
Account showing the number of passengers
from foreign ports since 1827, previous to
which no record had been kept:
Number of foreign passengers arriving in
the port of New York it) the following years :
1840,55,274 ; 1839, 47,538; 1838,24,213;
1837, 51,577 : 1336, 53,597; 1335, 32,716;
1834, 46,023 ; 1833, 39,461; 1832, 38,815;
1831, 14,821; 1830, 9,127; 1829, 15,036 ;
1328,19,958 ; 1827, 10,412;
Treasury Notes. —The amount of Treasury
notes, outstanding <tn the Ist instant was $4;
804,719 37.
STATIONS OF THE PREACHERS
Os the Georgia Annual Conference, for 1841.
Augusta district — Samuel Antony. P. E
Savannah, Jas E. Evans, Jas E. God
frey supernumerary.
Augusta* Alexander Speer.
Columbia, Charles Clark.
Lmcointon, John NY. Knight
W ashingtnn, Thomas C. Benning.
Waynesboro’, John J. Triens.
Louisville, Russel W. Johnson.
VN arrentoh, James Jones.
Springfield, Leonard C. Peeke, Andrew
J. Devors.
Jefferson Mission
to Blacks, Henry F. Pitchford,
Burke Mission, James S. Lane.
B k Iliver Mis., Daniel Bird, j. S. Manp.
Cherokee Hill
Mission Alexander Gordon,
Ogechee Mission, William D. Bussey.
Osahaw Mission, J. j. Taylor.
Athens district — VVm. Arnold, P. E.
Athens, Daniel Curry.
Covington and
Oxford, Matthew Raiford.
Watkinsville, H. Crawford. A. Neese.
Elberton, W. P. Arnold, J. W. Far
mer.
Madison, John P. Duncan.
Newton and Mon
roe, Robert Stripling, Win. J.
Sasnett.
Carnesviile, Eli Bennet, Edwin White.
Greensboroush, Richard Lane.
Kingston Mission, To be supplied.
Clarkesville, B. F. Wells, Walter Knox.
Emory College, A. B. Longstreet, Presi
dent; A. H. Mitchell, G.
W. Lane, and Alexan
der Means, Professors;
Wm. J. Parks, Agent;
George H. Round, Sup.
Georgia ConCnce. Man
uel Labor School,
Chf.rokee district— J. W. Gleen, P. E.
Netvnan, Noah Smith, M. Bellah.
M Donough, J. W. Yarborough, George
Bright.
Fayetteville and
Zebulon, A. Pennington,G. W. Far
rabee.
Carrolton Mission, Sydney Smith,
Decatur* R. S. Wilson,
Cassville, J. C. Simmons, J. M. Mil
ner.
Marietta, John M. Vestal, Thomas
Fowler,
Dahlonega Mis.
sion, W. S. Williams, J. M’-
Pherson.
Lawreneeville; W. Graham. D. Thomp
son.
Macon district —John W. Talley, P. E.
Macon, A. T. Mann, W. C. Hill,
sup.
Milledgeville, W. R. Branham.
Eatonion fit. Clin
ton, M. Peurtfov, J. A. Wig
gins.
Forsyth, Geo. W. Persons, A. Dor
man.
Jeffersonville, Caleb W. Ley.
Telfair, C. Trussell, S. P. Richard
son.
Irwinton, Jesse W. Carroll.
Sparta, Josjah Lewis.
Sanu'ersville, C. Raifoid, J. S. Chipley.
Momicello, Gad. Jes. Piece.
( xPiro! < t’cmnlc
College, Wm. H. Ellison, President;
George F. Pierce, A
gent.
Coedmbus district —Willis D. Matthews.
Columbus, Loviek Pierce,
Lagrange, Thomas Sandlbrd.
Hamilton, J. C. Carter, T. J. Fears.
Thomaston,’ Samuel Harwell.
Troup; Wm. D. Marlin.
Tnlhotton; I. F. Steagall, M. H. Whi'e.
Greenville, E. W. Reynolds, Y. F.
Tignor.
Muscogee. Jameison Scaife.
Chattahoochee
Mission, Wm. Mills.
Fort gaines distr ct — J. B. Payne, P. E.
Fort Gaines, R. J. Cowart.
Hawkinsvife, Jacob Ozier.
Tazewell, Thomas C. Coleman.
Americus, James J. Winn.
Cuthbert, Jos. T. Turner
Lumpkin, W. W. Robinson, R. H.
Johnson.
Baker, W. R. Singleton.
P.-r v, J.P. D ckiuson, J.Edwards.
Ft. Valley and Flint
Rivey Mission, James Dunvvoodv.
Feorida district —P. P. Smith, P. E.
Quincy, J. H. M’Arver.
Tallahassee, To be supplied.
Gadsden, M. Bedell.
Gadsden Mission, Thomas Taylor.
Leon, W. Choice.
Thomasville, James Wodie.
Bainbridge, Anderson Peeler,
‘rroupville, R. Howren.
Madison, Alex. Martin.
Monticello, L. G. R. Wiggins.
Leon Mission, Antony C. Bruner.
Newnansvilee di<trict— J. L. Jerry, P. E.
Nevvnansviile, Wm. Houck.
Hamilton, Thomas W. Cooper.
Lancaster, John L. Jerry.
St. Mart’s district—R. A. Steetle, P. E.
Si. M ary’s, Isaac Boring.
Brunswick, W. T. Linson, S. J. Childs.
Jacksonville, J. J. R chants.
Saliilla Mission, W. Cruraly, R. Gibson,
Cumberland Island
.Mission, Edward 11. Myers,
Hinesville, \\ • W. Griffin, A. D. Rus
sell.
Irwin Mission, C. L. Hays.
Altamaha, G. F- Boon, one to be sup
plied.
Waynesboro* Mis
sion, Samuel B. Foster.
J imes Sewell transferred to the Smith Car
olina Conference.
Jesse Boring transferred to the Alabama Con
ferer.ee, and appointed lo Tuskegee Circuit.
A. B. Elliott transferred to Ala bam Confer
ence, and appointed to Weturr.pka.
The next Conference will he held at Mil
ledgeviile, January 7tb, 1542.
From the Na‘ch-z (Miss ) Free Trader, Ftb. 4.
Drinking healths no longer in Fashion
Gen. Case, our minister at the court of France
was recently invited to dine with the Inner and
his family hi company with ex-governor L ver
ett of Massachusetts and editor Walsh of
Philadelphia. In giving a lively description
of his “tinee hours visit in St. Cloud,” in
the Knickerbocker, Gen. Cass remarks:—
The dinner at Saint: Cloud passed as din
ners usually pass,- in some conversation, but
still more in the laudable operations oi eating
and drinking. Thank heaven, the days oi
“health ’ and ‘toasts ’ have gone by ! The fash
ion is dead, never to be resuscitated. Even
in’ the palmy days of its existence, I had an
intuitive horror of these iineous salutations ,
when a man could not touch his glass without
popping his head in his neighbor’s face, and
often at the risk of having his nose broken by
some attentive friend, whose thirsty propensi
ties were manifested by the same striking cer
emony. I have often thought that the exces
siva abuurdify of this ipight ( -be’ ludi
crously exhibited, by the sahta'ioit
from tlie gkss to the plate, and instead of
drinking a health, or a ‘sentiment,’ as it was
called, gravely eating our good wishes, when
ever we began anew dish.
In French society, the practice which pre
vails in England, and which we have borrow
ed ft rora that country, of sitting at table after
the ladies have retired, and guzzling wine,
(the epithet is a coarse one, but not so coarse
as the custom.) is unknown. It is a relic of
barbarism, and ought to be punished. It leads
too often to orgies, and not to pleasures ; sub
stituting for rational enjoyment excessive in
dulgence. I have never been at a dinner in
Continental Europe, where the ladies and
gentlemen did not retire from the table toge
ther. It is very seldom that the entertain
ment exceeds eighty or ninety minutes, and
olten after returning ‘o the salon, I have heard
some experienced eater observe, with all the
self-complacency inspired by a most satis
factory meal:—‘lt was an excellent dinner and
we were at table but an hour !”
From the Richmond F.nq , Feb. 4.
NEW YORK CONTROVERSY.
t The Whig friends of the Governor of New
\ork, are now suspected of dodging the ques
tion in the Legislature. Mr. Grout moved to
take up the question the'other day} and the
Whigs voted it down. The Albany Argus of
the 29th Jan. charges home upon them this
discreditable policy. In laying before its rea
ders the “lucid and able review of the matters
in controversy between the Governor of this
State and the Executive of Virginia; in the
speech of Mr. Loomis of Herkimer,” this pa
per says, “It is not to be wor dered at, under
such an exposition of the aspects of this ques
tion, that tiie partizans of the Governor should
shrink from approaching it. It is now more
than a week since the matter lias slept on the
table, and that, too, under repeated attempt
from the Democratic side of the House to get
it up. No doubt, the design is, if possible, to
give the the subject the go-by.”
And, if it were so, shall we suffer our rights
thus to be sported with? Shall we flinch
because they dodge ? Because the) trample
the Constitution under foot, refuse to deliver
up the fugitives lrom justice, and virtually re
fuse to restore our plundered property, shall
we fold our arms and do nothing? Forbid it,
justice! We must act —act in a calm and a
moderate, but determined manner—-act in such
a manner as is best calculated to carry the
most fastidious of our Southern sister States
with us—strengthen our own police laws—
and in case New York will trot restore cur
property or deliver its fugitive robbers, pre
vent them if possible; from stealing it out of our
borders—compel her vessels to give security
on the spot to compensate us for any proper
ty which they may purloin and inspect their
vessels before their sail, to see that our slaves
are not on board. More we might do. More
we may be compelled to do, if our inspection
laws are not sutlicient to repress the outrage
—but more we are not now willing to do.
Stronger measures we are not willing to adopt,
until necessity imposes them upon us. More
we are not willing to do, from a regard to that
fraternity cf feeling which should b.nd together
this great confederacy of States. Less we can
scarcely do, without abandoning our own rights,
weakening our character, and provoking such
further outrages as may ultimately endan
ger the Union and the Confederacy of these
States.
Wo lonrn
mail, “that the subject is again upon the anvil.
On Friday last, in the House of Assembly,
Mr. L. S. Chattield renewed his call for the
Virginia Resolutions, and the House agreed
to take up the subject. Mr. Grout addressed
the House at length in opposition to the posi
tions and conclusions of the Governor, when
the House adjourned.
Cream —The peculiarly rich cream of De
vonshire, England, called clouted cream, is
obtained by using zinc pans of a peculiar con
struction, consisting.of an upper and lower
apartment. The milk is pul into the upper
apartment; and aider it has stood 13 hours,
an equal quantity of boiling water is unre
duced into the I vver one. At the end of
another 12 hours the < r am is t ken iff much
more eas 1/ and perfectly than in the common
way, and is also more abundant and richer.
The result of twelve experiments carefully
made was as follows: 4 gallons of milk treat
ed as above, gave in 24 hours; four and a half
pints of cream, which yielded, after churning
15 minutes, 40 ounces of bullet; 4 gall .ns
treated in the usual way, gave in 48 hours, 4
pints of cream, which yielded after churning 90
minutes, 36 ounces of butter. The increase
in the quantity of cream is 12 1-2 per cent.
The same principle may fie applied in the
use of common pans. It would be very easy,
for instance, to prepare some kind of trough, of
tin, perhaps, or even wood, into which the
pans could he set, and hot water afterwards
introduced.
Asa close trough would be much better
than an open one, you may have a cover in
which to set the pans. An ingenious Yankee
tinman would soon make a range in litis way,
sufficient.for a common dairy* at no great ex
pense. It would hist indefinitely. If it is
true, that you would thus get some two pounds
more butter a week from each cow, the ap
paratus and the trouble would soon be paid
for, —to say nothing of the time saved in
churning. We do not see why zinc pans—
which are said to be decidedly preferable to
any oilier for the dairy—with the lin range as
above, would not be quite so good as the
Complicated and expensive Devonshire pans
Ar.d it would be easy for a dairy woman to
satisfy herself respecting she principle, without
either. By using cold wafer itis'ead of hot,
the range would serve to keep mi k sweet in
warm weather.— Vermont Farmer.
(Front the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser)
Bailing of M'Leod. —VYe understand
that the required bail in this case was gi
ven yesterday by Messrs. Brotherton, of
Queenston, and Buell,’ of Lockport.and
that no sooner than he was released, a
very numerous band of armed tee:: —one ac
count says two or three hundred—lnterposed
and forcibly reconducted him to jail, where be
is yet confine 1. The avowed object of this
desorderly and unlawful j r iceeding e, to af
ford the owner of the Caroline an opportunity
to arrest M” Lend for the destruction of that
boat, and thereby detain hirn on this side of the
river. We hope this account will prove to be
exaggerated, but if true, no time should be os;
in asserting and enforcing, in a proper and
ample manner, the supremacy of the laws
The propriety of admitting M’Leod ‘.o bail at
ail, under the circumstances, we will not step
to discuss, but the proper legal authority hav
ing decided in favor of so doing, and bail hav
ing been legally entered, those who have res
trained and re-imprisoned him by lawless vio
lence shou and be promptly and severally pun
ished.
With our Buffalo namesake we hope that
the account above given will prove to be er
roneous, or at least exaggerated. But if it v.
true, the Governor of the Stale will of course
take immediate and sufficient measures to re
medy tha wrong,’ and vindicate the laws. His
action io.the-m6t.VPr cannot ba ‘too jwo&ipt or
too decide] —.V. I". Qoni. Afiv^
VOL. I. NO. 2.
Important to Meal Eaters. —A German
journal contains the following interesting de
taiis of domestic economy. Accordi: g to
numerous experiments tried with different
kinds of meat, it is ascertained that beef loses
by roasting 22 1-6; mutton 241-5, lamb 221-6;
goose 191-6, turky 20 1-2, duck 27 1 -6, chick
en 14 l-o; per cent, of their weight. By the
process of boiling the loss is as follows ; beef
15, mutton 10, turkey 16, chicken 13 1-2*
mm 6 per cent; It is an *’rroncous notion
tint the English are generally better fed than
the French; because; according to English
writers on political economy, the average dai
ly food of an Englishman consists of 8 1-2
ounces of reef or mutton, 10 ounces of pota
toes, and 10 ounces of vegetable, which to
gether, contain 65 per cent, of nutriment.—
I 1 rench writers estimate the average daily
food of a Frenchman as follows ; me at 7 oun
ces, bread 8 ounces, vegetables 4 ounces;
containing on an average 80 per cent, of nu
triment. Flic 1 rench, therefore, on the whole,
are 15 per cent, better fed than the English.
Ii the above estimate be correct, it is an
easy matter ‘o prove that the Americans aro
fed considerably above par.
Natural Curiosity. —The Boston Society of
Natural History have received, through th
politeness of D. S. MeCauley, Esq. United
States Consul at Tripoli, twm rare varieties
of African sheep. Three of these animals, a
ram, ewe and lamb, covered with close, thick
wool; are fine specimens of the four-horned
\ arietv irom Benzan, in the Tr.poli regency.
They are also distinguished by the great
breadth of the tail, which occasionally attains
the weight ol 15 pounds, resembling marrow
in its substance, and esteemed a great delica
cy by epicures. The fourth specimen; a ram
of the Fezzan variety, is clothed with hair;
which forms a mane upon the neck and should
ders, and attains a length of several inches
on the dewlap. In the hair* as well as tho
long and slender legs, this animal nearly
approaches the goat; while the projecting
nose and recurved horns, eminently distin
guish this variety. In its native state the
animal inhabits the inaccessible cliffs of tho
Atlas range, whence a single specimen wao
recently procured, as a great curiosity, for th#
Zoological Society of London.
New York, Feb. 4.
Common Pleas in which a husband was sued
for articles furnished his-wife, after she had
quitted “his bed and board,” hi* Honor,
Judge Inglis, charged the Jury that if a wife
leave her husband of her own free will, he La
not liable even for her necessaries. But if
lie drive her out he is in effect giving her a
bill ot credit upon the world, and she binds
him for all her necessary contracts she makes;
The jury rendered a verdict for th# defen
dent—.-the husband.
The North American states that the Anti-
W big party ot Pliiladelphiameton Friday eve*;
ning at their head quarters, and passed the fol
lowing resolutions :
Resolved, That as a general suspension of
specie payments by our BankE has taken
place, the Governor be earnestly requested to
issue his proclamation calling upon the prose
cuting officers throughout this Commonwealth
rigidly to enforce the laws againct tbo ioouo
of notes of less denomination than $5, and to
refuse his sanction to any bill legalizing their
issue, or to any bill suspending the penalties
now existing against the Banks for a refusal
to pay their liabilities.
Resolved, That the Governor be requested
to recommend to the Legislature the immedi
are passage ol a law inflicting a heavy penalty
for the circulating, or offering for circulation;
notes if a less denomination than $5, issued
by Banks out of this State upon demand.
Resolved, That these resolutions be pub
lished in the Democratic papers, and that a
copy of the resolutions be addressed to the
Governor of the Commonwealth.
HENRY HORN, Chairman.
W. L, Hirst and B. H. Brewster, Secretaries.
We clip the following from the Savannah
Georgian:
Tall A oting.— lt is said there is a family
in the upper, at of the S.ate of New Hamp
shire, containing a father and five sons, whose
aggregate length is 42 feet. Ther all walked
to the polls and deposited their votes for Van.
Buren and Democracy.
We don’t believe a word of it — but speak
ing of “tall voting,” we know a family of six
brothers Somewhere about Columbus, Gn.,
who do some lofty voting themselves. We
cannot speak definitely as to their height, but
are pietfy certain they’ll average six feet.
1 hey all walked to the polls on the first Mon
day in November last, and deposited their
v< tes for “ Old Tippecanoe and Tyler too”
There is another brother in Macon, or there
aboui, who voted ditto ; and we venture to say
that they voted as ‘tali’ as any family; the
New Hampshire folks to the contrary notJ
wit hstand ing.— Florida Journal.
Travelline: Eighty Yeari Jlgo.—On the’
30iri of -April, 1761, Mr. John Slavers, then
oust of the Put Tavern, in Pitt street, (now
Court street.) commenced running a stage
from this town to Boston. The carriage was
a curricle, drawn by two horses, sufficiently
wide to carry three passengers. It left this
town on Monday morning, and proceeded as
far as Ipswich the same day, and reached
Charlestown Feriy the next day. It left
Charlestown on Thursday and arrived here
on Friday. The fare from this place to Bos
ton was thirty shillings and sixpence sterling
—equal to three dollars. It is supposed that
this was the first s:age which was ever run in
America.
Little did our ancestors then think, while
dragging their slow length along, that their
journey of two days, would, in another genera
tion, be reduced to about a couple of hours.
Yet such is the fruition of the living,— PorW
mouth, *V. H. Gaz.
Brazil Teas.—A number of planters of
Brazil, have commenced the cultivation of tea!
—the quality, so far as forwarded to London,
is said to be equal to the best China teas—
the latter being cheaper than the former, as at
present manufactured.
It is stated that a lad while standing at the
coun cr of the Philadelphia Bank, on Fridav,
was so severely injured by the pressure of the
crowd, that he died during the afternoon.
The produce of the gold region in the Uni
ted States, ;s estimated at more than two mil
lions of dollars per annum. Within the last
three years, there have been minted from these
mines $4,377,550.
I man (if the Canadas. —The New York
Herald states that Governor General Thomp
son will issue his proclamation on the 7th in
stant, declaring the union of the two Provin
, ce=, and for the assembling of the new Par
liament at Kingston in May next.
Kingston, the new capital of the United.
Provides, is. situated <op; the lowjur pnd ct
L*ha Ohtar*v nearly Opposite SaC-kett’# iUfht
bo?. f