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RELIEF AND REFORM.
In to days paper we extract from tbe
Chronicle it Sentinel, a letter add eased toils
editors front Win. B. White Esq., Cashier of
the Rockersville Bank —which will be read
with interest by all parties. The wider speaks
out independently the feelings of every Geor
gian who lias the lirnmess to exercise tnsjudge
n.ent, and to act regardless of party consider
ations. The truth it contains on the subject
of relit!', reform &.C., and I tie expose it makes
of the promises, pretences and deceptions
practiced by our opponents who were a major
ity in tbe lasi Legislature, and who refused to
do any tiling for the relief of their constituents.
We are proud to see announced from a source j
so respectable, so independent, and from a
section of the State where so much influence
of parly dictation has prevailed to govern pub
lic sentiment. Let every feeling man of what
ever political party in Georgia he may be,,
read and reflect upon the honest and com
mendable expose tins letter contains, in rela
tion to rebel measures and the acts of the op
position m our last Legislature, and we veil- j
lure, however much may be the kicking and !
frothing of llie party press against such semi-1
ments from those who acted with them in the!
contest of the last year, many very many oth- !
er.s besides the writer of this letter, if they dol
not come, out to the public through the press
as lie has done, manly and in a spir.t which!
evinces greater devotion to principle and pa- j
friotism than to party —they will concur with I
him an.l lend a willing hand to render the ne
cessary relief to a suffering community in de
spite of the aristocratic “ipse divil ” of the ‘ate
reform Legislature who declared “they ought
not if they could relieve the people” from em
barrassment and distiess. We hope to see
others throwing oft the harness of party and
coming out fearlessly avowing their sentiments
on this subject of vital consequence to the in
iuterest of the whale people, with which psfrty j
predilections ami partiilil'es should be laid
aside, and tbe good'ot the country consulted.
In conclusion we solicit from every one an
impartial perusal ot Mr. White’s able and
spirited letter, which bespeaks for his honesty
in the support o correct | ri ciples and a de
termined independance n purpose, a language
1 hough unacceptable to our opponents, wor
thy of commendation from every patriotic and
generous hearted citizen ot Georgia.—Feder
al Union, June I.
From live Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel.
UtJCKGRSviLLC, May 10, 1811.
M ssrs. J. W. & W. S. Jones:
Gentlemen —It is the duty of all editors to
advise tlie reading, and deeply interested
public, of the condition and situation ol the
monetary a (Fairs of the country ; and equally
i.s it the duty of the citizen, to advise the edi
tors of any errors they may intentionally or
casually commit on those subjects, pertinent
to t tie prosperity of the country. Taking this
view of the case, I claim tiie light tospeak
out on any subject which involves any ques
tion of expediency, or of necessity, toucuing
iher amelioration of llie people. The heavy 1
demand's lor sjiecie and exchange, must of I
necessity close all those Banks which have
given the people any circulation, and it is an
easy matter for those Banks, which have been j
retiring their circulation lor several years
past, to sustain themselves under any pres-!
sure of times. During the canvass lor the!
Presidency, the friends ot General Harrison!
urged his election upon the people, upon lire |
ground that the then administration had lies- 1
iroyed credit and confidence, and the policy j
adopted by it would bring distress upon the
country, and that it would remain lor the j
new administration to relieve the people and j
the country. 1 was an humble auxiliary in
the cause of II trrison, Tyler and Relbrm, vet,
1 never did believe that a change in the Ad
ministration would afford relief to the people.
We are tending, as fast as we can, to a me
tallic currency, and Tyler and Dawson can
not successfully interpose, because every man
who holds a paper dollar, is not content until
lie converts it into specie or its equivalent ;
3 nd Harrison and Van Buren have no more
to do with it than the Ethiopian. Man is
selfish, and thinks his case a peculiar one, and
what little specie he needs, will do no harm.
The people of Georgia of ali parties are
vastly in debt, and tiie cotton crop is again
like!v to fail, and when an editor fails, or re
fuses to charge the failure ot the cotton crop
of last year, as the great cause ol the distress
which is coming upon the country, he is guilty
of au error, for which public opinion will
sooner or later condemn him. Ihe people
here ask for relief, substantial relict, without
regard to parties, and before next November
they must have it, or else be sacrificed, The
matter of relief is no party matter, and he
who makes it so, will receive his reward at
the bar of public opinion. If McDonald is in
lavor of relief, he is (he man; if Dawson is
in favor of relief, ho is the man. I most un
hesitatingly declare, that the legislature should
be convened immediately, tor the definite
purpose of giving the people relief, even a
Stop Law— you may sneer at the idea of a
Stop Law, hut the people are prepared for it,
and prepared to support any man who is in
favor of it ; and should .the policy of the Van
Buren party lead them into that channel,
McDonald will be elected without doubt. 1
have buried the tomahawk of party, and shall
devote myself exclusively to the interest of
THE COLUMBUS TIMES.
VOLUME I.]
j a distressed people, and the distressed condi-l
I lion of the-country. On this subject 1 know
Ino man or party ; Relief! keliet!! Relief!!! j
| -shtil ever be my watchword. Necessity has]
j no law, and any efliirt on the part of an ecii
I >or to convince ti e people that the Admuns
| tralion ot V an Rureu-has brought this distress ;
! about, will be successfully met by the ques-i
tions, why do not the Harrison party alivo-j
I cate some measure of relief? Why do they
! not tell the people that the Banks cannot re-1
jtire their circulation in the twinkling of an
t eye ! Our party, i ight or wrong, is an unsafe j
and unsound doctrine, and I, for one, am uri- i
willing to pursue it to the threshold of rtn.
Gentlemen, it is impossible for you to know |
j half the distress that pervades every section |
jot Georgia; There is no wedding-cake in j
I upper Georgia, and strawberries have not I
ripeneu vet ; nor do our eyes repose on the ;
’ best currency, We do not banquet on the j
richest viands—(editors may have their tun,
| but it is death to the people.) \\ hen the
property of the hontst debtor shall have been
sacrificed—when universal ruin shall have;
route over the land, then will von hear it j
Irom every quarter. You knew your duty, |
but we did it not ; lor you lautrhed at the ca- j
lamities of the people, and mocked when their j
ear came. Deceive not yourselves about i
tfiis matter. Old Etliert is lor relief, and she j
was Whig to the core. I mingle with the j
people, and 1 know where they stand ; they;
I can never he satisfieJ until some definite ac-;
tion is had. ‘They have a right to demand ot j
the Harrison editors, what they promised j
them on a change of the Administration, and j
where is it pray f As an indiuiduat, lam not j
a subject til the times ; what 1 owe i am able j
to pay, i feel only in common with my lei- i
low citizens. Although lam not asubscri-i
her to your paper, and have no -merest in its
circulation, yet an advocacy of correct prin
ciples and doctrines through its columns,
would he of .substantial benefit to your pat
rons, and might subserve liie higblest inter
est of tbe country at large. The lematks in
vour paper which gave oiR-nce, did not touch
j me as an individual personally ; l do not
j complain, and I am content to know that you
j are independent, and to fee! that I am equally
i independent. Having had hope, until lately,
that the Harrison editors in Georgia would
take high ground, and come boldly to tho
rescue of the people, and being disappointed
in that hope, 1 must content myrelf with the
belief, (hat before one year shall have revolved,
the Harrison party will become the minority
party. Having resolved to bestir myself on
the question of relief-—not die relief of Gov.
McDonald either—l shall publish my views
to the people, and if one editor wil> not give
me a place, another probably will. Before I
give the subject up entirely, I shall point out a
lemedv that will lie prudent and constitution-j
aI, and if adopted, will product* a revolution,!
bearing in it healing for die sore afflictions of
the people. l ake tour through die State, |
from the sen-board to the mountains, and
from the Chattahoochee to llie Savannah—
inquire at every inn (or the news, and you
will he answered with the words, “ Hard j
Times.” Ask the planter about his situation,
and he will tell you that he failed in a cotton j
crop last year, and his prospects for a crop
this season is very gloomy. Ask the mer-
| chant how his collections have been, and he
j will tell you that they were light, and that he
| paid 15 or 20 per cent, exchange. Ask the
Mechanic what is his condition, and he will
tell you that he has been thrown out of em
ployment, in consequence of die scarcity’of
money. Ask die officers of a Bank, how
stands die case with them, and they will tell
you .dial they are compel ed to redeem their
circulation daily with gold and silver. In ilre
face of all this testimony, editors are “ crying
aloud, and sparing not.” Their watchword
is “down with all the Banks, that do not pay
specie to every individual who feels author
ised to call.” T.:j issue between die editors
and die people is fairly tm le up, and the case
is dor keted; and when tried, the jury will re
tire merc y for form sake, and return a verdict
of “regardless-oess of the interest of the coun
try” against editors. Facts are stubborn
things, and when facts are presented plainly
to the peop’e, they can see, feel and know
them. It is a tact then, that the people are
in an awful condition ; it is a fact, that some
thing most he done speedily, to alleviate die
people; and tin vvihave it, in despite of
the combined powers of editors.
Youis, vey respectfully,
\\ M. B. WHITE.
Corn. — Alter Culture.- As soon as the
corn comes up and gets out two or three
inches high, pass the corn-harrow over if, let
ting your hands follow the harrow with small
hoes, or wooden rakes, to relieve such of the
plants as may he covered with the earth and
draw a little fresh earth around all ot’ them.
In a lew days turn a furrow from either side
of the corn, and turn it hack again. Hands
should also follow the ploughmen to perform
a similar service to the one we have just spo
ken of above, and when the worms and birds
have done, thi, mil vour plants leaving two in
a hill.
In a week from this pedod run your culti
vators both ways througlr vour corn, going
as nigh the p ants as possible : which bv ju
dicious handling of the cultivator will throw
sufficiency of fresh earth around the plants to
ehoak starting weds and a (lord nourishment
to the plants themselves.
In a week more repeat this operation with
the cultivators, making thorough work.
When you have gone through with this,
then it will he time to throw a lull around the
plants on both sides, taking care not. to make
it too high, big sufficiently so to aitbrd protec
tion. At the expiration of a week more give
another such ploughing, and unless the season
should be an extraordinary one, you may
conclude that your corn is laid by for the sea
son. Should however the weeds start, then pass
vour cultivators through the corn orce more.
Ail deep ploughing after the corn roots spread
across the furrows should he avoided ; and,
iudeed, in every case wliete a cloverlv or
grass sward has been turned down, it never
should he disturbed by being penetrated and
turned up with the plough.
Protection from Crows. —As there are ma
ny districts of our Country where crows are
numerous and prove very destructive to the
corn before and after it comes up, we will de-.
scribe a very simple hut most efficient scare
crow which we have seen tried v ith complete
success. It consists in hanging a sheet ol tin
on a pole sufficiently long to be seen from all
parts of the field. \\ here (lie field is large
let these scare-crows he multiplied on the
more elevated points, so that they may be
seen in every direction; 4 will be sufficient
for a hundred acre field. Every breeze of
wind produces a reflection which proves tru
ly irresistible to these birds of prey who in
variably take wing and ilv away. Ifsuspen
ded by wire or strong twine, they will re
main permanent during the season, and i( ta
ken care of at its termination, whi last many
vears -indeed wid e even their brightness is
preserved, as it is the glitter thereby which
the crows so much dread.
To preserve Bacon.—Give it a good coat
of while wash, and sprinkle with ashes. Pre
pared in tins wav it is safe from tiie ravages
ul the fly, and may hang up til] wanted for
use.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 10, ISO.
(Correspondence of the Savannah Georgian)
WASHINGTON, May 24.
State of Parlies in the,next Congress-—The
New Bank—Webster, Minister to England
—Badger, Secretary of State —The Spea
kership—Mr. Tyler’s Course.
A few days more,-and the assembled wisdom
jof the nation will ha ve commenced their opera
tions of speech making and law breaking.—
I From a careful revision of the election returns,
j 1 find that the Senate will consist of twenty,
j nine Federalists and twenty-one Republicans
\ —thestote of Tennessee not being represen
| ted. The House of Representatives will be
j composed of one hundred and thirty-six
j Federalists and one hundred and one Reptib
j licans, the States of Illinois and Mississippi
! not represented. In both brandies, therefore,
I the Whig party will have a majority stilfl
j ciemly large to accomplish the objects laid
j down for them by the Federal official jour
nal in this city, viz: the establishment of a
National Bank ; the distribution of the Public
Lands; a Tariff of Protection ; and the com
pletion of the Cumberland and other Roads
| throughout die country. To do ail this, at a
j moderate calculation, will require something
I like one hundred millions of dollars!—and
where we are to borrow the money, and if
j borrowed, limv we are to pay it when due,
j are questions I commend to the serious con
| sideration of the strict State Rights econo
j mists of Georgia.
In regard to the first of these propositions,
j it is said that Mr Ewing will submit a plan
! to Congress, proposing the establishment of a
twenty million bank in this city, with branch
jes in such Stale, as may wish to enjoy its
1 benefits, nr sutler from its rascalities. The
j object in locating litre, is to smooth
i the consciences oltliWe Whigs who pretend
to believe in the oneonstitutionality of such
an institution, and you may depend upon it,
that the first bait will take. The age we live
i", is one which finds politicians save enough
lor peccadilloes that a few years since would
have caused ignominy to brand their names
forever. But, alas, the days of honesty, like
those of chivalry, are over, and “ali their glo
ry's past.” Mr. Biddle’s illustration eait-tr
must satisfy every one of the necessity‘of
having“ a fiscal agent” for the sale keeping
of the public moneys, and Mr. Tom Ew-nu’s
small concern, llie Bank of Galliopolis in Onto,
affords strong evidence of his capacity to fur
ni'h us a “ currency”—lor, like this copper in
stitution, this agent will doubtless have more
sound than reality about it.
It is generally believed that the message of
the president will contain no recommendation
ol such an institution, hut, according to the
whig papers, he, will not veto the bill, when
presented to hint. ‘The measure, I think, will
meet the views of many of the Republican
party, as the Sub-Treasury will he lepealed,
and as the “fiscal agent” may all he consid
ered the same as the Sub-Treasury, should a
clause be inserted forbidding the Bank to dis
rount to individuals. It is ihe name of Sub-
Treasiirv more than any thing else, that cau
ses the Federalists to suggest any substitute ;
fiir if discounts are not permitted, and the
notes are issued as mere representatives of
debt by the government, I think it will he as
hard to tell the difference between them and
the present issues as to make a tweedledum
and tweediedee distinction. The Bank may,
therefore, tie considered merely a Bank in
name, anJ unlike its illustrious predecessors,
unable to iurnish Congressmen and newspa -
per editors with small lavors. I do not be
lieve, however, that such a plan will suit Ihe
tastes of Messrs. Webster atxt Clay, as your
readers may remember that, some three
years since, the latter introduced a [imposi
tion for the estaohshment of a fifty million
monster.
There is some talk stirring of Mr. Web
ster’s having received a hint from President
Tvler, that a visit to England would be bene
ficial to his health, and as the tastes and feel
ings ot the Secretary of State have always
been favorable towards llie British Monarchy
it is probable that he will enable Mr. Steven
son to return home at an early period. Mr.
Badger, of the Navy Department, will prob
ably take his place as Prime Ministei; so that
we shall h ve a Fox and Badger controversy
immediately on the North Eastern Boundary
question; and if our Secretary proves game,
we may yet come ofi’ with flying colors.
Many ol the Northern members are hpre,
and are busy selecting their seats, making up
messes, Stc. Judge Warren is the only Geor
gia representative i have seen. lam still of
the opinion that Dawson stands a lair chance
for Speakership, although tite northern peo
ple grumble somewhat on account ol his being
at llie same lime a candidate lor Governor.—
‘Their votes in caucus, will doubtless he cast
for Mr. Briggs, one of the Massachusetts
Abolitionists, but should he be selected in that
wav, he cannot he elected, as the Southern
portion of their party are hound, by the best
of reasons, to vote for someone connected
with their peculiar interests.
We are at ieogth in the enjoyment of sum
mer—-if dust, heat, drought can be called en-
I joyment, the office beggars, poor devils, are
holding on as tenaciously as ever, and thus
; fully verily Mr. Campbell’s saying, that,
1 Distance lends enchantment to the view,”
! for I leel very confident now, that theguillo
! line will heteafter l*e used but sparingly. —
The city Whigs are perfectly disgusted
! with the course pursued by Mr. ‘Tyler, and
| he is attempting to imitate Mr. Monroe, by
getting he good will of the Republicans.—
Whether lie will deserve it, may be judged
on the receipt of his message, an early copy
of which 1 will furnish you. Ban Long.
Interesting philosophical facts.— Sound
travels at the rate of 111-J feet per second in
the air, 4960 in water, 11,099 in cast iron, 17,-
000 in steeie, IS,OOO in glass, ami from 14,636
to 17,000 in wood.
Mercury freezes at S3 degrees Farenheit,
and becomes a solid mass, malleable unde, the
hammer.
The greatest height at which visible clouds
ever exist does not exceed ten miles.
Air is about Sl6 times lighter than water.
Toe pressure of the atqaosphere upon every
square loot of the earth amounts to 21 GO lbs.
An ordinary sized man, supposing his suriace
lobe 14 square teet, sustains the enormous
pressure ol 30,240 lbs.
Heat rarities the air to such an extent that
it may lie made to occupy 5.500 times the
space it did before.
The v olence of the expansion of water
when freezing is sufficient to cleave a globe of
copper of such ihickness as to require a force
of 23,000 Ilis. to produce the same effect.
During the conversion of ice into water, 140
degrees <>i heat are absorbed.
Water when converted inlosteam, increases
in bulk 1300 times.
One hundred pounds of tiie water of the
Dead Sea contains 45 lbs. of salt.
Important to Printers.—Judge Johnson
lias decided in Feliciana, that, the Printers
profession is a manual one, and as such iiis
types, press and paper, are exempted from sei
zure, under the provision of Art. 611 of the S
Code of Practice, which exempts the tools and
instruments necessary for the exercise of a ;
l.ade or profession by which’ the debtor gains j
ins kvelihesi
“THE UNION OF THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.”
From the Natchez (Miss.) Free Trader, May 21.
THE WHITE SLAVERY PROJECT IN
IRELAND.
j The Jamaica Negroe’s places to be taken in the cane
fields by white Jrishtnen— new and startling fea
ture in the Anti-Negro Slave Association of Eng
land and Irelahd.
By Irish papers received at the office of the
Free ‘Trader from Dahlin, we learn that in
the desperate game the West India Emanci
pationists are playing they are determined to
reduce Irishman to the condition of working
! menials on ihe Island plantations, where the
I’ate negro apprentice system has so signally
j tailed. Thus fifty thousand Irishmen are
j wanted to fill the fields lately worked by ne
gro slaves, and more recently by turbulent and
saucy black apprentices, just changing,chrys
ahs fashion, from serfs to nabobs.
Idiere was recently held a great meeting of
the Hibernian Anti-Slaverv Society in the
Dublin Royal Exchange. The meeting was
opened with all due formality.
One of the speakers thus Evoked “ the
mighty name” in his address:
“There is n mighty man whose name I
must use, I say must use, far he sent me here
this evening to perform a public duty, a very
delightful one indeed to me to perform under
Ids orders, that man is O’Connell. But 1 speak
of him now, not as O’Connell the politician,
but as O’Connell, a member of the Irish Anli-
Slaverv Association, (cheers.)”
During this meeting a strong opposition
was aroused against the new tangled scheme
of having •‘•lrish niggers ” on the cane fields,
in place of those whom God and nature ex
pressly formed lor such climates and such
labors.
“ Richard Allen, Esq , who said lie would
take occasion to allude to a matter which
clearly concerned the. people of Ireland, he
meant the Jamaica emigration scheme, (hear,
hear.) ‘Scheme,’it might, indeed, he well
epithized, for in his (Mr. Allen’s) opinion it
was hut a heinous plan devised by ihe Ja
maica planters to decoy fifty thousand poor
Irishmen from their homes to toil and sweat
beneath a tropical sun. It was the duty of
that society, and of every honest and humane
man, to baffle such an iniquitous design ; and
it was with feelings of pride and gratification
that he (Mr. Allen) alluded to ihe noble efforts
made in Limerick hv their guest of that eve
ning, Thomas Steele, in frustrating these
‘knavish tricks,’ (loud cheers.)”
‘The letter of a magstrflte, long resident in
the colony o! Jamaica, was read to the meet
ing in proof of the awful cruelty of decoying
poor Irishmen to those scorching plains from
whence the negroes have been driven by a
cruel and misca.led philanthropy.
“The magistrate’s words are dictated by
the practical experience of years (hear, hear.)
Jamaica might be a very agreeable resort for
gentlemen who could a fiord to stay at home
all day, and only go out in the cool of the
evening; but to ihe poor laboring emigrant,
who should be scorched beneath the burning
rays of a tropical sun all the (lav long, till lie
became drenched in a bath of bis own sweat,
it was death, it was ruin. ‘The negro might
bear it well, nay, and thrive beneath it, but to
the Briton it was ruin, it was death.”
Hear vvliat this gentleman, a magistrate of
the colony, says: “ For God sake prevent any
of mv poor laboring countrymen coming out
here, unless they are actually starving. If
they come out they will repent it but once,
and that is all their lives. Emigration of
Europeans will never answer in this country.
Mr. Mitchell, of London, sent out a number of
Irishmen, and placed them in the mountains
of Clarendon. Half of them died; the re
mainder are unhappy, and curse the day they
-camfe to Jamaica. 1 see they have shipped
300 from Limerick. God help the poor fel
lows!”
We take the Report of this famous meeting
from that oblv conducted paper, ti e Dublin
Freeman’s Journal of April 9.h. There was
one queer contrast drawn by one of tbe speak
ers, Mr. Sieele. which we extract from a spirit
of sheer fun, just to show Texas and ihe
United States what pieposterous misconc p
liot.s of national and sectional character are
choked down foreign throats as gospel, and
received with loud cheering and applause.
Mr. Steele says: “Ft may perhaps appear
to be a startling paradox ii’ I affirm that the
anti-slaverv association and O'Connell have
not done the Texians moral justice; they
have riot indeed. Ido not stand up here to
eulogise Texas and its constitution, but ‘the
devil is not so black as lie is painted.’ and llie
vials of your wrath have, in my opinion, been
wrongfully poured in such a Niagara cataract
upon the ‘Texians. And now I will tell you
why; your Texian slave-holder is a fine, no
ble,open-hearted, dare-devil, ruthless, highly
respeclabie ruffian, who, in chivalry of mis
creancy, disdains all snivelling, sneaking,
heaiing-about-the-hush circumbendibusses, in
bis transactions of bis making slaves of his
brother men. No, ladies and gentlemen, be,
like a man of noble spirit, ‘goes the whole
hog;’ he glaums his victim by the throat, lie
drags him into slavery, be makes him bis beast
of burthen, he annihilates in him all hopes of
liberty, and lie works him until he die. (cheers.)
Now, 1 pray it may be remembered that I do
not eulogize this system. I only say that we
are to compare it with worse in the United
Slates of America, and even than in America
(as Hamlet says) ‘worse remains behind.’—
Is not the miscreant Texian, such as I have
described him, an angel of light in comparison
with Tne Yankee bowie-knife slaveholder; and
the noisome Yankee slave-breeder, vaunting
of American liberty, its star-spangled banner,
and ihe equal rights of men, an intensity of
the ridiculous, and of horrible iniquity (peals
of applause)? Well, I told you that ‘worse
j remains behind.’ ”
Hurrah for this, the last but the greatest of
ail the Irish bulls! Yankees proper will be
I something surprised to find that they are either
! slave-breeders or slave-holders.
Landlord's Lien. —A principle of consid
erable importance in a commercial city I !;e
this, W3 settled by a -decision of our Su
preme Court, last Monday. A landlord
seized lor arrears of rent, goods Hint had
been deposited on slorage in the leaded prem
ises. The owner of the goods sued for a res
toration, on the ground that they were not
| liable to the landlord’s lien. Avery able
and (considering ihe dryness of ihesubject,)
an eloquent opinion was delivered by Judge
Bullard. The point decided was, that a land
lord’s privilege does not attach to the proper
ty of third persons stored upon leased prem
ises. If any claim for storage on the articles
is due and unpaid, it may be seized, but the
lien of the landlord proceeds no further. —
Reasons of public policy, as well as common
sense and justice, sustain the judgement of
the Court.—New Orleans papers
A la mode de Brandon. —We learn from
the True Issue that ihe Union boys burnt up
or,e day last week 6350,000 of their notes.—
This was the iast resort of the Brandon finan
ciers to raise the value of their worthless is
sues. Some may then have been deceived
by that course in Brannon but ihe people are
too well up to these capers now to let such
tricks have any influence on the value of U
nioft-—Natchez (Miss.) Free Trader, May
21,”
LIFE UF OGLETHORPE.
An interesting biography of tins celebrated
founder of our sister State, Georgia, by an
able and elegant pen, is about to be published
and a subscription will be found at this office,
and at the Book store of Messrs. S. Babcock
& Cos. We know not how we can bet ter in
troduce the proposals for this work to th • fa
vorable notice of the literary public, than by
giving place to the subjoined letter, from one
whose praise and recommendation constitute
assurance of merit and will be fully apprecia
ted.—Charles Courier
To the Editors of the Courier:
My Dear Sirs. I solicit your kind notice
in any way consistent with your feelings and
the rules of the Courier, of the enclosed
paper. D?. Harris is ate eminent clergyman,
of great estimation in the Churches ot New
England. He has been alibis life devoted to
literary and theological pin-suits, and his life
of Oglethorpe will probably be his last formal
production. He is the intimate friend of Mr. 1
‘i’eft’t, of Savannah, from which city 200 names
have been sent lor liis projected publication.
I hope at least, we shall give him fifty from
Charleston. To make this work complete,
he has availed himself not only of all the large
resources in his vicinity, but of an extensive
correspondence, including the Rev. Air. How
ard, of Georgia, who went out two or three
years since to London, as agent for that State
for the recovery of documents connected with
its history. As an instance of Dr. Harris’s
weight in literature, I need only mention that
his work on the Natural History of the Bible
is unique in the English language, several
editions of it having been printed in London.
Yours respectfully, S. GILMAN.
Biographical Memorials ot James Oglethorpe,
the Founder of Georgia; by Thaddeus
Mason Harris, 1). D., correspoding member
of the Georgia Historical Society.
‘i’llis work gives an account of his early
life and education.—his chivalric service un
der the celebrated Prince Eugene of ,Savoy
his influence as a member of successive Par
liaments in Great Britain, with extracts from
itis speeches—his grand undertaking in the
settlement of Georgia—his defence of the
Colony against the Spaniards, and devoted
ness to its interest for eleven years —his mili
tary’ engagement under Marshal Wade in
1745, against the forces of the pretender—
and details of his domestic and social relations
through the latter part of his long and event
ful life.
It will make an octavo volume of about
three hundred and fifty pages, neatly printed,
and adorned with a Frontispiece full length
Portrait—a plate representing the Arms of
the Family, the Honorary Medal, the Sedrof
the Trustees, and the Light-house of Tybee,
and a Map.
The price of the Volume, neatly bound in
cloth and lettered, is $2.
i.oston, January I, 1841.
Twenty-Eighth Congress —The present
ratio ol Representation is 1 for 47,700. Should
llie new ratio be one lor every 00,000 inhabi
tants, it would give the Slates the lollow.ng
representation:
New Ratio. Old Ratio.
Maine, 8 members. 8 members.
New Hampshire, 4 5
Vermont, 4 5
Massachusetts, 12 12
Rhode Island, 1 2
Connecticut, 5 6
New Yoik, 4040
New Jersey, 6 G
Pennsylvania, 23 23
Ohio, 25 19
Indiana, 11 7
Illinois,’ 7 3
Michigan, 3 i
Delaware, 1 T
Maryland, 7 8
Virginia, 17 21
North Carolina, 11- 13
South Carolina, 7 9
Georgia, 8 9
Alabama, 7 5
Mississippi, 4 2
Tennessee, 12 13
Kentucky, 12 13
Louisiana, 4 2
Arkansas, 1 1
Missouri. 5 2
249 242
This adds seven to the present number of
the House of Representatives, already too
large lor calm and wise deliberations. It cuts
down the delegation ot some of the old States,
wb.le adding largely to those of some of the
younger niembeisol the Union.—N, Y. Amer
ican.
Fearful, Collision. —The terrifying col
lision which occurred at sea a short tune since,
between a Philadelphia ship and another un
known, is thus described in the North Ameri
can :
The packet -hip Susquehanna, as she lies
near Walnut street wharf, is a curiosity. She
has literally been rescued from toe jaws of the
great deep. She came in collision with an
other ship off the banks of Newfoundland, on
the Blh insl. at 4 o’clock in the morning. The
night was not dark, hut the sea was running
high, and they did not discover each other
until the (earful collision. The Susquehanna’s
bowsprit is taken oil’ clean, and the cutwater
torn and wrenched from the ship in a way
which shows the encounter must have been
tremendous. She was running at the rate of
nine knots, and shipping seas constantly at
the time. The impression on hoard the Sus
quehanna is, that the blow was so hard, and
so near the centre of the other ship, that she
must have been totally disabled,if not stove in,
causing her to sink immediately.
Al ter the collision, she slewed round and gra
ted past the Susquehanna, with such rapidity,
that no opportunity was given to discover who
she was, or the extent of her injuries. The
impression on board is, that she was an F.ast
fndiaman, or some ship of the largest class,
and as the cutwater of the Susquehanna is ta
ken off low down,site was upon the top of a
sea at the moment of the collision. Conse
quently the other ship must have suffered the
more severely. No cries were heard, and in
the confusion of the crash, and anxiety for self
preservation, no distinct knowledge of the cliar
acter of the other ship could tie learned’ The
opinion on board is, that the man at the wheel
of the ill'fated ship must have been killed in
stantly. The whole of the painful encounter
is only another evidence of the unavoidable
hazards of navigation. Perhaps the ship in
stantly foundered, and atone “fell swoop” all
on hoard were ushered into eternity together.
If so, iter fate will neversatisfactorily beknown,
and the history of those engulfed with her,
must continue to be involved in doubt and
obscurity forever.
Renovation of thf. Peach Thee. —The
editor of the New England Farmer says that
a gentleman residing at Cambridge, Mass.,
informed him that charcoal placed around the
roots of a diseased peach stock, was servicea
ble tn restoring its vigor. He immediately
removed the soil front arouud the tr-nk of a
sickly tree in his garden, supplied its place
with charcoal, and was surprised at its sud
den renovrtion, the rapidity of its growth, the
tenacity with which the fruit clnng on to the
branches and ilie unusual richness of its flavor
when matured.
[NUMBER 18.
From the Charleston Courier.
STATISTICS OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
We derive the following information rela
tive to the Mineral, Commercial, Manufac
turing, and other resources of our State, from
the schedule thereof, annexed to the late cen
sus of the population ol the State, for the year
1840, taken in conformity with the act of
Congress, under the direction of Thomas D.
Cundy, E>q., Marshal of (he District of
South Carolina :
1. Mines.— l. Ikon.— l. Cast Iren. Fur
naces, 4; tons produced, 1-250. 2. liar Iron.
Bloomeries, Forges, Rolling Mills, 9. Tons
produced, 1155. 3. Tons of Fuel consumed,
0354. Men employed, including mining oper
ations, 243. Capital. $113,300. 2. Colo. —
Smelling Houses, 5. Value produced, §37,-
418. Men employed, GO. Capital, §40,000.
3. Salt. Bushels produced, 2950. Menem
ployed, 7. Capital, §1,500. 4. Granite,
Marble, and other Stone. Value produced,
3,000. Men employed, L Capital, §SOO.
2. Agricultural.—l . Live Slock. Horses
and Mules, 130,820. Neat Cattle, 573,540.
Sheep, 232 004. Swine, 538,513. Poultry of
all kinds, estimated value, §590,594. 2. Gen
eral Grains. Number of bushels— \\ heat,
705,925; Barley, 3,907; Oats, 1,446,158;
Rye, 44 530; Buckwheat, 72; Indian Corn,
14 721,785. 3 Various Crops. Pounds of
i Wool, 289.202. Pounds of Hops, 93. Pounds
of Wax, 15,857. Bushels of Potatoes, 2.691,-
713. Tons of Hay, 20,008. Tons of Hemp
and Flax, 35. Founds of Tobacco, 51.515.
Pounds of Rice, 33,929 671. 4 Cotton, Su
gar, Silk.Sfc. Pounds ol C0tt0n,'148,907,880.
Pounds of Silk Cocoons, 2210. Pounds of
Sugar, 30,000. Cords of W ood sokl, 161,-
46i. Value of Products of the Dairy,
§567,849. Os products of the Orchard, $52,-
! 375. Gallons of Wine, 648. Value of home
made, or Family Goods, §1,219,442.
3. Horticulture. — Gardens and Nurse
ries. Value of products of Market Garden
ers, S3S,ISO. Os products of Nurseries and
Florists, §2,139. Men employed, 1,059. —
Capital, §210,980.
4. Commerce. — 1. Commercial Houses In
Foreign Trade, 29. 2. Commission Houses,
41. Capital, §3,600,050. 3. Retail Dry
Goods, Grocery and other Slotes, 1,262. —
Capital, §6,600;636. 4. Lumber Yards and
Trade, 17. Capital, §IIO,OOO. Men em
ployed, 1,029. Internal Transportation—men
employed, 143. 6. Butchers, Packers. &c.—
mei> employed, 46. Capital. §ll2 900.
5. Fisheries.-- Barrels Pickled Fish, 425.
Men employed, 46. Capital, $1,617.
6. Products of the Forest. —Value of
Lumber, §504 884. Barrels of Tar, Pitch,
Turpentine, Rosin, §735. Value of Skins
Furs, $1225. Value of Ginseng and all other
products of the Forest, ?<9,247. Men em
ployed. 508.
7. Manufactures. —1. Machinery. Value
manufactured, §65,561. Men employed, 127.
2. Hardware, Cutlery, S>-c. Value manufac
tured, §13,465. Men employed, 26. 3. Small
Arms. Nunlber made, 167. Men employed,
7. 4. Precious Metals. Value manufactured,
$3,000. Men employed, 4. 5. Bncks and
Lime. Value manufactured, $263,060. Men
employed, 1,283. Capital invested in prece
ding manufactures, §122.445. 6. IVool. —
Fulling Mills, 3. Value manufactured, SI,OOO.
Persons employed, 6. Capital, $4,300. 7.
Cotton. Manufactories, Yb. Spindles 16,-
365. Value manufactured, §359 000. Persons
employed, 569. Capital, §617,450. Silk. —
Pounds reeled, thrown, or other Silk made,
46. Value of the same, §3BO. Males em
ployed, 1. Females, 3. Capital, SSO. 9.
Mixed Manufactures. Value of produce, $2,-
450. Persons employed, 9. 10. Tobacco. —
Value manufactured, §3,500. Persons em
ployed, 7. Capital, $5,000. 11. Hats, Caps,
Bonnets, Sf ‘c. Value manufactured, §17,250.
Persons employed, 20. Capital, $316. 12.
Leather , Tanneries, Saddleries , fyc. Num
he: of Tanneries, 849. Sides of Sole Leather
tanned, 71,403. Sides of Upper Leather tan
ned, 94,896. Men employed, 1040. Capital,
§269,020. All other Manlactories of Leather,
Saddleries, &o. 342 Value manufactured,
§109,472. Capital, §46,162. 13. Soap and
Candles. Pounds of Soap, 586 329. Pounds
of Tallow Candles. 67,972. Men employed,
16S. Capital, §BOO. 14. Distilled and Fer
mented Liquors. Distilleries, 258. Gallons,
102,288. Men employed, 219. Capital, 14,-
442. 15. Drugs and Medicines, Paints and
Dyes. Value, §4,105. Men employed, 6.
Capital, §2.100. 16. Earthenware, Sec. Pot
teries, S. Value manufactured, §19,300. —
Men employed, 49. Capital, §12,950. 17.
Sugar, llefineiies, fyc. Value of Confection
ary made, §29,233. Men employed, 112.
Capital, $87,200. IS. Paper. Manufactories,
1. Value of produce, §20,000. Men em
ployed, 30. Capital, $30,000. P inling and
Binding. Printing ollices, 16. Binderies, 7.
Daily Newspapers, 3. Weely Newspapers,
10. Semi and to-weekly newspapers, 2.
Periodicals, 4. Men employed, 164. Capital,
§131,3000. 20. Carriages and Wagons
Value manufactured, §210.510. Men eni
p’oyed, 420. Capital, §130,485. Mills. —
Flouring Mills, 164. Barrels of Flour, 86,-
580. Grist Mills, 1,374. Saw Mills. 736.
Oil Mills, 19. Value manufactured, §992,106.
Men employed, 3 253. Capital, §1,655,754.
21. Ships and Furniture. Value of ships
and vessels built, $60,000. Value of Furni
ture manufactured, $28,175. Men employed,
241. Capital, §133,600. 22. Houses. Brick
and Stone Houses, built, 111. Wooden
Houses built, 1,594. Men employed, 2,388.
Value of constructing of buildings, $1,521,-
576, 23. All other Manufactures, not enu
merated. Value manufactured, §84,978. —
Capital, $46,442. ‘Fatal Capital invested in
Manufactures, §3,275,798.
DREADFUL ACCIDENT AND LOSS OF
LIFE IN CiUErJEC.
We learn fiom Quebec, lhat on the 17th
inst., an enormous mass of rock and earth de
tached itself from the Cape, immediately op
posite the Custom House, carrying vvitli it
part of the GoVernmen. garden and fortifica
tion wall, and crushing, in us descent, eight
houses a fid their inmates. Every eflbrt was
inst intly made to rescue from the ruins the
unfortunate victims.
Twenty-five dead bodies have already been
discovered, and nine or ten severely wounded,
carried to the hospitals.
The following are the names of some ol the
proprietors and occupants: Mr. Williams,
rigger, (family in the house.) A store next
to Mr. Williams-. A store next to Blaikston.
Widow Birch, occupied by Mm. Conners.--
Mr. Gaulin and store, occupied by himself—
Mrs. Gaulm taken to hospital. J. Young;
house occupied by himself. Mr. Lemons—
house occupied by Vital Roy and family—
saved. House occupied by Mr. Lewis.
Those of the dead who have been recog
n zed are, Mr. Gaulin and two children, Mr.
Cote, M. Chartier, Mrs. and Miss Comers,
M rs. Gailaher, Robert M’Gibbon of the Po
lice, D.nninick Greelv, Patrick Doherty, John
M Her, George Jones an 1 wife, D. Fitzpatrick,
Jane Crawford, Ellen Reed, John Considine,
Jane Hays, and Julia Saint Laurent, Mrs.
Williams, and two children, Miss Young.
The portions of the clifi which gave way
fell about two hundred and fifty leet, so si
lently and suddenly that none of f lie un f ortlJ .
naie inmates of the houses beneath fiad anv
warning to escape. From a state of perfect
health, and of joyous carelessness and happL
ness, they were unconsciously ushered into
the presence of their God, without preparation
tor so sudden and awful a change.
The ladies of the Hotel Dieu, with kindness
and benevolence, received seven of the injured
individuals into their establishment, although
there were no vacant beds in the regular
wards at the time of the calamity- These
seven are likely to recover.
1 here were several very remarkable es
capes.
One most extraordinary case was that of
V ;lal Roy and family. His house was hurled
into the street and partly buried beneath the
ruins, together with their beds, &.. himself,
his wife, a servant maid and an apprentice
boy, escaped entirely unhurt, and his infant
was extricated from the ruins of the fallen
chimney a short time after the affair, almost
unscathed.’
It lias been confidently slated that the shock
of an earthquake was distinctly felt in various
quarters, from Diamond Harbor to the Up
|>er Town of Quebec, at between 1 and 2
oY(i.ck during the preceding night.
Similar falls of a portion of the Cape have
previously taken place, hut unaccompanied
with any serious consequences. The only
cause assigned is the numerous springs filter
ing through the crevices of the rock, which
failing into clefts, expanded hv frost during
the winter, increase the fissures and loosen
large masses of rock which subsequent natu
ral operations entirely detach, till whole bodies
are removed from their positions.
From the Globe, May 31.
MEETING OF CONGRESS.
The extraordinary session of Congress
came together to day—for what, we shall not
paibably learn to-morrow Irom the President’s
Message, although we yet hope that the
Chief Magistrate will ehdw liimiiilf to le at
the head of the Government, and not permit
Mr. Clay to supersede him in l it office of re
commending the measures of Government.—
It is perfectly clear now that Mr. Clay pre
sides in both Houses of Congress. Air.
White, who comes from the adjoining district”
to Mr. Clay s inKentuckv, was elected Speak
er of the House to-day, bv less than a major
ity ol all t lie votes in a full H use, without
any qualification lor the station but what he
borrows Irom his docility aid devotion to Air.’
Clay. The President of the Senate,’ Mr.
Southard, has always been in perfect subor
dination to Mr. Clay, both in Air. Adam’s
Cabinet and in the Senate. To him, the nod
ot Air. Clay will be the law of the Senate.—
\\ ilh both the presiding officers at his beck,
and a willing majority to follow, Mr. Clay may
consider himself the extraordinary Congress.
Il Air. lyler subihits himself to the same dic
tation, Air. Clay may say, Fa'm tbe State.”
He is certainly in a fair way to command
the Executive authority, if it is not volunta
rilp resigned. He will, doubtless, in a day or
two, place himself at the head ofthe Commit
tee of Foreign Affairs. Here he will lay
down the course of Secretary Webster as to’
our loreign relations. ,
Every body knows that while in the Senate,
Webster’s spirit was ever rebuked by Mr.
Clay’s, as Anthony’s was by Ciesar’s. At the
head ot the Cabinet, while his assuming supe
rior has the command of the purse alid the
sword in Congress, he will be less able to mako
resistance, than in his independent position ia
the Senate. It, then, the President resigns
himself to the Secretary, the whole result will
be to make Air. Clay the sole heir of all the
glories of the hard cider campaign, and Gen
Harrison will have done what tie said, as soon
as the election was known, he woMld willingly
do—he has in effect resigned his power, iu
the, lirst year of his Administration, into tho
hands of Air. Clay. The old General, we think,
did not exactly mean what he said, but death
has lealized tor Air. Clay wdiat was said an
mere compliment. We never before had a
deputy President, but as the friends of Mr.
Clay, after repeated trials, lound It In vain to’
attempt to make him President by the vote*
of the people,We cannot but give them credit
for the dexterity by which they have Compassed
the object, by contriving to ’have the power
, deputised to him.
National Theati.e burnt—loss or Life.
—'The efforts of incendiaries to destroy this
costly structure, have at last been successful.
On Friday evening it was set on fire in eight
different places, but by timely discovery the
flames tvere extinguished. This morning, a
bout 7 o’clock, it was again discovered to be
on fire, which proceeded from the stage and
scenery. The efforts of the firemen to extin
guish the flames were unavailing, and the
building was entirely destroyed.’
During the fire the rear ‘wall fell upon the
roof of the three story brick building next ad
joiningon Leonard street owned by Air. Pitcher
and oecupied by Julia Brown, crushing in the
roof, and burying beneath the’ ruins a°young
woman by the name ofMargaret w j lt>
lodged in ihe upper part of the building
The Theatre was built upon leased ground,
arid said to be owned by W. E. Burton, who
had the management of the Theatre.
This Theatre, as most of obr readers know,
was situated at the corner of Chapel and*
Leonard streets, and was nearly new—a The
atre on the same site having been burnt three
or four years ago.
We cannot learn that there was any insur
ance except SIO,OOO insured in two office*,
out of the city, SSOOO in each. The cost off
the building was something like sso,ooo,'and
the scenery, dresses, &c. belonging to the
manager, were very expensive.
To relieve choaked Cattlil and Hob-’
ses— ln your January number, I see direc
tions to relieve choaked cattle. - I Will give you
one so much simpler and better, that ybdrs is
comparatively worthless.’
Raise the fore loot to relax the rtmscles of
the leg; then tie a bit of whip cord, drum lino
or other strong string round the arm just a
bove the knee ; let go the loot, and if the horse
or cow dees not put it to the ground, a quick
stroke with the whip will make it do so, and
the operation is performed and the animal■ re
lieved. But how? He will be relieved, Ftell
you and that is sufficient. My Crude notion
is, the pressure of the hard chord on the nerves
in the arm creates the same sickening sensa
tion in the animal that a-stroke on the elbow
causes in the man, the nausea relaxes the mus
cles of the throat and the exertion of the ani
mal caused by the pain acting at the same
time, causes it to throw off the substance with
which it is choaked.
Respeclfoliv,
JOHN A. JONES.
Van Wirt, Ga. Feb. 1841.
Nashville AgriculturaliM.
Trt jt—Receipt to make Wfiitewas*.
—Take dean lumps of Well burnt lime, (say
five or six quarts) slack the same with hot wa*-
:er in the fluid form'through a fine sieve; add
one-fourthofa pound of whitening or burnt al
um pulverized; one pound of good sugar,
three pints of nCe flour, made into a thin and
well boiled paste, and one pound of clean glue
dissolved hv first soaking it in a small kettle,
which should he put into a iarge one filled with
water and placed over a slow fire; add five
gallons of hot water to the whole mixture.
This is applied with a painter’s brush, ft
must he put on while warm, if upon the out
side of the building—within doors cold. It
will retain its brilliancy for many years.—
There is nothing of the kind that will compart
with it. About one pint of the mixture will
cover a square yard upon out .side of %.
house, if pro.'**" 1 ’; ap p|, c d. if a large.: tftrnnu
*,i v than five gallons is wanted, the Same pro
portion. Coloring matter may be added to
give it any required shacks
