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PUBLISHED
XV E R Y THURSDAY MORNING,
BY JAMES VAN NESS,
In the “Granite Building,” on the corner
Oglethorpe and Randolph Streets.
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From the Standard es Union.
McDonald and relief.
We h ave at length found space for the re
marks which we prepared some itvo or three
weeks since, in reply to our neighbor of the
Recorder, in which we think it could he made
to appear u> all intelligent and candid men,that
they have studiously evaded the true issue,
and sought to rest the question upon grounds
not warranted by the record.
For the purpose of maintaining the position
we have taken, that Relief, or no relief is the
only proper and legitimate subject of contro
versy between us, in the present aspect of
the question, we shall first call the attention of
our readers to the Recorder’s article of the
Ist inst. and then lo the Relief Message of
Governor McDonald, and the reply which it
received from the Harrison and Reform par
ty, itr the last Legislative,
The Recorder says,
“ Our neighbor, the Standard, has made up
an issue as between itself and us, which we
do not clio ise to ratify. The Standard has
put the matter all its own way. and then says
it is our way too. Not so neighbor. You
have made up this issue as we have hea.d of
another, ab lit as fair and reasonable. “ You
l ike the crow and I’ll take the turkey, or I’ll
take the turkey and you take the crow.” No,
no, neighbor, we do not intend tint you shall
pm me crow on us, however ingeniously von
may work it ”
Now if we do not prove before we are done
that so far from an issue having been made
tip by the Standard, that the Recorder has
h id its full agency in the matter, then we will
as in duly houml, exchange the Turkey for
the crow, and content ourselves with making
tne best of a hail bargain. But of this, ue
entertain no apprehensions. The crow was
a bird of ther own selection, and was no
doubt chosen with due and proper delibera
tion.
However much the llcoouler nv.iv labor
to avoid the main point at issue, and to piace
it upon a collate rial and irreiavant bass, we
shall hold them down to the point, and require
that they maintain themselves by strong evi
dence and sound arguments, or submit to a
verdict against them.
The issue as stated by us, and from which,
tiie Recorder is beginning to slope oft,” under
the pressure of pub te sentiment, is indenti
callv the same which was made up in the
legislature, by the Reformers, and ratified by
tile Recorder, and’ upon which, the people
will decide on the li.si Monday in October,
lint “circumstances alter cases,” snd since
the public voice begins to sound so strongly j
in favor of tbe beneficent recommendations ot
the Governor, the Recorder abandons its
ground, and charges us with making an issue
which they cannot ratifv.
What ait issue ? It is the affirmation of a
fact upon one side, and a denial ot its truth
upon the other; as m cases ol law, the plain
titf declares that the defendant owes him a
given sum of money, and the defendant de
nies the charge and answers that he owes
him nothing. This forms an issue: and so in
politics —as for instance, the Standard of
Union declares Mr. Webster to be a federal
ist, and the Recorder denies it. That makes
an issue upon the fact of Mr \V ebstei’s fed
eralisra —and so it Gov. McDonald says to the
Legislature, the people are greatly embar
rassed —their cotton crops have been de
stroyed, and ruin will come upon them with
out rebel —that their situation demands i'—
and the Legislature replied that it would be
UNWISE, IMPOLITIC, and UNJUST, 5 ’
and conclude by declaring they “OUGH T
NO TIE THEY COULD,” would it not
form an issue of “Rebel or no Relief, be-;
tween the Governor and tiie Legislature, asj
strong and distinct as language coil’d make;
it? And in spite of the turning and twisting
of the Recorder, it catniot now be charged.
The Governor affirmed that the people de
manded relief, and cal ed upon the legislature
to adopt “ some measure,”’ to alleviate theiri
sullermgs—the Relortners replied it would l*e
“ UNWISE, INPOLITIC, and UN JUST”
to relieve them, and they “ OUGH T NO T
jp THEY COULD,” and they were sus
tained by the Recorder; and we now tell the
Recorder and its party, that these six bitier,
and remorseless English words, will not cease
to ring in their ears', until the foundation upon
wliicit they stand, peculiarly constructed hs it
is ot cider barrels, coon skins, pepper pods,
o-ourd vines, and empty promises, shall be
knocked from under them, and tbe rights and
ihc interest ol tiie people he p3ctu in flit
hands of men, who will deem it wise, PO
LITIC and JUST, to relieve the distressesi
t.f their constituents, and who \\ ILL DO 11
IF THEY CAN:
jp t let the evidence speak for itself.
On me 14 h day of December, IS4O in a
communication made by Governor McDonald
to the Legislature, we find the following:
“ S nee vnur as emhlage on the second ul
timo, the Cotton empo! tbe present year,
has been >r neraily gatheied, and the quantity
has fallen so far b-lmv tbe most reasonable
calculation, that without a forbearance on
the ni-t 1,1 creditors, not to be expected, the
pecuniary distress of the p mde lor the next
vear will be unprecedented ami ruinous, heel
it mv dmv, therefore, to call attention to
Ilfs subject, before voor adjournment, that
voaiuiy ad >pt sucli c-m -liluitoual measures
THE COLUMBUS TIMES.
VOLUME I.}
for the relief of the people . as vour wisdom
may suggest sip expedient and proper.’”
Could any thing be more explicit? Could
the embarrassed condition of the country have
been more justly and feelingly expressed? —
The ballot boxes will answer the question.
Did the Legislature, in the same noble spirit
of philanthropy, come up to the rescue? Did
the Reformers respond amen to the humane
I spirit of the message, and go to work heart
i and hand, to stay the ruin which is note, every
! where visible, hv the adoption of “ some mea
j sure” that would have carried glad tidings to
| the hearts of thousands? Alas! we blush to
j record it—They pronounced it “ L’NW ISE,
IMPOLITIC, and UNJUST; “ THEY
jOUGHT NOT, IF THF.Y COULD” and
j leit the people “10 the pelting of the pitiless
| storm.”
‘i bis is the issue the people have made, and
they hold the Recorder to it. It is matter of
record; the evidence is belbre the country,
and those who have dealt hardly and cruelly
towards their constituents, must stand or fall
by their own acts.
The Recorder goes on to say,
“The Standard says, we “go all fours
against anv measure of relief to a suffering
people.” Not so, neighbor. We go for
each ami evessj measure of relief to a suffering
people, which the Standard will prove to us
to be really and truly such. What we are
opposed to, is the plan of our neighbor’s par
ty, which they call relief, that is, loaning
the people money at fifty per cent.”
From this, it would really seem, if it stood
alone, and wholly disconnected with the bal
ance of the Recorder’s article, that our neigh
bors might soon he found fighting under the
relief flag, but as it is only to he considered
hy those who know their course, as intended
for a different object, we shall treat it accor
dingly.
They tel! us now, for the first time, that they
go for each and every measure of relief to a
suffering people, which tie Standard will
prove to 11s to be really and truly such.”
We have heard of the great difficulty of
removing mountains—of (baking a stream of
water ascend above its level, and of many
other impracticable things, but were we dri
ven to the choice between the performance of
all these stupeiiduons labors, or proving to the
Recorder that there could be devised, any
measure of relief in the present crises, which
they would admit to he u ; eally and truly such,”
ami which they would adopt and support, we
should not spend a moment in doubt or hesi
tation, believing as we do, that we could as
easily hurl the planets from their spheres, as
convince tiie Recorder that any plan of relief
which we might recommend, was “really and
truly such.”
This is the covert under which they ex
pect to shelter themselves. F.xpress the ut
most willingness to relieve the people, “provi
ded” tliev believe the plan to he “really and
truly such,” taking very good care in the
meantime, not to recognize any plan as ‘ such. ’
Bui hear them further :
‘•What we are opposed to, is the plan ol
our neighbors party, which they call relief;
that is, I tailing money at filly per cent.”
In answer to this, it becomes us to say k .that
the democrat to party have never proposed to
loan money at fifty percent;'but our demo
-1 era ic. Governor, did appeal to a coon skin le
gislature to adopt “some measure of relief,”
.tin! they answered him that it wouid he “un
wise impolitic and unjust lo do so,” and de-
C art'll “THF.Y OUGHT NOT, IF THEY COULD;”
and we call upon the Recorder to tell Ihe peo
ple why their party did not suggest some (Han.
or at least make an effort to afford relief; and
- to state whether their party acted in ac
cotdance \yitL their duty to the people, when
they said it was “unwise, impolitic and un
just,” to relieve them t
The Recorder knows that their party claim
to possess more wisdom —more patriotism
aid more love for ihe people, than ihe De
mocracy, and promised them more in 1840;
and knowing all this, will they tell us why it
was, they suggested nothing, advised nothing,
and did nothing, to relieve them ? They had
a majority that bore down every thing belbre
it, and where are the blessed 1 mils ot their la
bors? They prontise to revive the credit
system, and make money plenty, so that ‘‘hon
est and industrious men could save their pro
perty from the “sheriffs hammer,” and be
hold, they destroyed that system, and shut up
the Bank's ; and when th sgross inconsistency
is charged upon them, the Recorder attempts
to cast the blame upon Governor McDonald
hv garbling and mangling a portion ot nis
message to suit their purpose; and that this
whig manouvre rnav he kept before the peo
ple, and the trick exposed as it should be, we
again insert the extract as trimmed and gar
bled by trie Recorder, in collateral lines with
the full sentence from the Message. Here
I they stand, as glaring proof o! the schemes
j to which partisans resort, to uphold a sinking
I cause.
From the Recorder. ) From the Jonrna’s,
Speaking of the bank To tolerate then de
suspension, he (the Go- imquency, is to oiler a
vernor ) savs : ipremimn for miscon
“ To tolerate their dad; for they alone
delinquency, is to offer ire benelitted, while
a premium for miscon every holder ot their
duct, for they alone art notes sustains a loss,
benefilted, while even Ibis is an evil which
holder of their notesihas been infl cted on
i sustains a loss. Thisjthe country for more |
j is an evil which hasuhan a year, and de-j
been inflicted on the mauds your serious;
! country for more than consideration. 1 hena-;
| a year and demands iwe of the remedy that j
ytiurseii >us considers-should be applied, res-;
; lion.” * * ling ia your sound
j “Iwouhl respectful and patriotic discre-.
Itj recommend that a tion, will doubtiess be
day he fixed for there-such as is demanded by
sumption of specie pay tlic interest of xhepeo
mmits.” * * ph’- 1 would respect
“.4/nZ that such pen- fully recommend that a
allies be. annexed f< lay be fixed for the
; their refusal as icillen resumption of specie
mire their compliance.'’ payments, allotting the
Banks a reasonable time
j o pmpare for it, and
I hat such penalties be
‘annexed to their refu
sal, as will ensure their
compliance.
’The course recommended bv Governor
McDonald, no man of common sense could
object to. If the resumption was made in ac
cordance with “the interests if the people,”
and the Backs allowed, ‘ time to prepare for
\ it,” as be says, all would have been rurht.
| The people and the Bank* would have been
j satisfied, and the evils of the rash legislation
j under which the country now sutlers, would
i not have befallen us; but according to the
version of the message which the Recorder
attempteJAo palm off upon the people, the
Governor was made to appear as the attihor
of a precipitate and ill advised measure, for
the consequences of which the Harrison ma
jority are properly and ju>tly chargeable.
Again the Recorder savs,
“We have not the heart to trifle with the
pecuniary suffering of the country, by calling
* measures of destruction and ruin, great mea
sures ol reliet.
Perhaps our neighbors might have more
aptiy said, we have no disposition to la.x upon
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY JTORNING, JULY 15, 1841.
the subject of relief at all. Our party prom
ised so much last year—made so many vote
catching speeches about the glorious times
that would come along with Tip and Ty, and
so utterly failed lo make one effort, even a
feeble ote, to redeem the pledges they had
made ; and the people are now so exaspera
ted at the htimbugery and deception which
were practised upon them, thatot all subjects
which at present engage the public attention,
that of relief, is the most unwelcome lo our
ears. And well would such language befil
them now? because their party gained pow
er hy exciting expectations which were never
to be realized, and leaving the people in a
worse condition than they found them, by
closing up all avenues to credit in a lime of
untxamped pressure, and increasing their
burdens hv an onerous increase of Taxes.
\Y e nigh, close here, but as the Recorder
has been pleased to introduce the name of
Mr. Dawson, we deem it proper to rub him
down with a coon skin , as we pass on.
Os that gentleman, the Recorder speaks as
follows:
“As the Standard has though proper to in
troduce the name of Mr. Dawson in ihe same
connexion, we take the liberty of saying for
him. Ii will be time, enough for the Stan
dard to charge ns wilh being opposed to rs
lieving the sufferings of the people, when it
shall propose a practicable plan lor effeciing
the object.
So tar as relates to Mr. Dawson’s views,
upon the subject of relief, we hold and treat
him as being opposed to it in every firm, and
our opinion is sustained by evidence which
would convict him before any jury of impar
tial men in Georgia.
His parly in the legislature pronounced it
“unwise, impolitic, and unjust.” The press
of his party sustained the legislature, and
abused Governor McDonald lor proposing
relief. Most of the Grand Juries in the
strong Dawson counties have sustained the
Reform legislature in opposing relief; and
Green county particularly, which speaks the
sentiments of Mr. Dawson, and may well be
considered his mouth piece, condemned the
Governor with most decided terms, and scout
ed rebel” as a measure of injustice to the
country. Add to all this, that not one solitary
whig press in Georgia, has spoken in behalf
oT relieving tbe people from their embarrass,
ments, and then tel! us if relief is to be ex
pected from Mr. Dawson and his friends ?
Nor is this all. His elec’ion has been re
cently urged by a Reform paper of high char
acter, for his opposition to the Central Bank,
and as the man to put down that institution,
which it brands “the Georgia monster;” and
recommends that the notes which it holds on
the citizens should he forthwith collected—
“not renf.wed,” hv which, not less than
24.000 law suits would be at once commenced
against the people, the collection and cost
upon which would amount to at least $450,-
000, and ail to carry out and complete the re
form, and scatter the blessings which were
promised by the hard cider orators of 1840.
People of Georgia! Remember the scenes j
of last year, and compare what was promised,
with what has been performed, and profit hy
the lesson.
From the Independent Monitor, June 29.
SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA.—
June Term, 1841.
Jones, ot al, vs Johnson.—Writ of Error to
tlie Chancery Court at Eut-aw.
1. A public ferry established under license
from the Commissioners Court of Roads and
Revenue, excludes all competition within the
space of two miles above and below the site
of the ferry, unless on any river at or within
two miles of any town.
2. Where the river is the dividing lino be
tween two counties, they both have an equal
right to establish a ferry, and where the pow
er is exercised by either, it is exhausted.
ff. The county in which a town is situated
does not for that reason acquire the sole right
to establish ferries tinder the statute.
This was a bill in chancery filed by the de
fendant in error against the plaintiffs in error,
to enjoin them from keeping a ferry across
the Tombigbee river. The hill charges that
some 4 years since, tiie complainant ob
tained a license for a public ferry across the
Tombigbee River at the town of Warsaw,
and has since that time kept up the ferry by
providing boats ; and that during the last year
a ferry has been established at the same place
by the defendants about two hundred yards
from iiis, and it is admitted that they obtained
from the commissioners court of Greene
county a license therefor, and have given the
necessary bond and security. The bill char
ges that the convenience of the public did not
require tiie establishment of another ferry, and
that more than one ferry cannot be supported
at that pl-we.
Thornton, forplaintiffin error, cited Aiken’s
Dig. 363. 3 Porter 418.
flair, contra, cited 1 Porter. 130.
Ormond, J. The court of Roads and Rev
enue of the county of Greene granted to the
plaintiffs in error the right to establish a ferry
on the Tombec.kbee River, opposite the town
of Warsaw in Sunder county, within about
two hundred yards of a ferry, which had been
previously established, by the defendant in
error some years before. The Chancellor de
creed a perpetual injunction es the use of the
ferry last established, on the ground that the
privilege given by statute, of establishing 1
more terries than one within a less distance
than two miles of each other where there was
a town on a River, was a privilege secured to
the county in which the town was situated.
Asa matter of right, and as incidental to
the right of property, any one owning lands on
both sides of a River could establish a public
! ferry ; but. as it is a matter in which the pub:
he are deeply interested, the legislature has
by law taken this right from the citizen, and
deposited tilts power with the court of Roads
and Revenue. A ferry established by this j
cour” excludes all competition within the space
of two miles above and below the site of the
ferry, and thus by securing to him the exclu
sive privilege, enables- the proprietor to pro
vide himself with the necessary boats, hands,
(Sec. to accommodate the public.
The exception to tills exclusive privilege is
situated at or near a town. In such a case it
is where ii is obvious that one ferry might
not be sufficient to supply the necessary
convenience of crossing, to tiie public, and
the power to determine the necessity for an
additional ferry or ferries, is confined to tiie
Commissioners court, a tribunal peculiarly
weii qualified to determine such questions
and from whose decisions so far as that ques
tion is concerned, there is no appeal.
As the State is intersected by numerous
rivers, most of which constitute boundaries of
counties, it is very improbable that ihe diiii
cultv supposed to exist in this case, was not
foreseen. In a case where either of the coun
ties would have an equal right to establish a
ferry, the right is given to both, and where the
power is exercised by either, it is exhausted,
it is in tiie nature of concurrent jurisdiction,
tiie proper exercise of which by one tribunal
necessarilv ousts%ill otuers. r This was deci
! ded by this court, in the case of the State vs
Commissioners of Roads at Talladega. 3
Portert 412.
Tiie exception to the power of the Com
missioners court to grant more ferries than
one at the earne points, L m truth an enlarge-
“the union of the STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY of the states.”
meat of the power. It is. in tuesc words :
“ but no public ferry shall be established in
less than two miles by water, of any ferry al
ready established, unless on any river at or
within two miles of any town.” There is
nothing in the language employed whicli
could lead to the conclusion that the legisla
ture intended to limit or restrain the general
grant of power which we have seen was made
to both counties of establishing ferries, where
an additional ferry was rendered necessary to
the neighborhood of a town. Nor is there
any thing in the nature cf the subject which
requires an* interpretation different from the
natural and obvious import of the language.—
In the case of a town there may be a necessity
for more ferries than one ; but what peculiar
propriety is there in giving to the county in
which the town is situate the power of .deter
mining this necessity. The people of the
county ol Greene have the same right of in
gress to the town of Warsaw, that the citi
zens of Warsaw have of egress from it, and i
it appears to us that the Commissioners court
of Greene are as well qualified to determine
the question of the propriety of establishing
an additional ferry, as the court of Sumter
county.
It is not pretended that the law has in terms
conferred any such privilege on that county
in which the town is situated over the adjoin
ing county, and none such cat be presumed
from the nature of the thing, or the necessity
of the case which could alone justify the court
in supposing that such was the intention of
the legislature, to the plain letter of the law.
It is therefore our opinion that where a
river divides two counties, the Commissioners
court of either county may establish a ferry
on the stream which divides them ; that when
so established in conformity to law, it is ex
clusive of the right of either county to estab
lish another ferry within two miles thereof,
unless in the case of a town at or near the
ferry where the right exists in either county
to establish an additional ferry, if in the opin
ion of the Commissioners court the public
good demands it, subject only to the restric
tions pointed out in the statute.
We give no opinion as to the question
whether the grant of a ferry gives to the own
er of the franchise any claim to the use of the
lands of another, as that question is not pre
i seated on this record.
j . The decree of the Chancellor, therefore,
granting a perpetual injunction of the use of
the ferry of the plaintiff in error, is reversed,
and this court proceeding to render such de
cree as the court below should have rendered,
do hereby order, adjudge and decree that the
hill of the complainant be dismissed for the
want of Equity.
W. P. Ilurlnail use of S. Recdiis vs George
Scott.—Writ of Error to the County Court
of Sumter.
1. A set-off” by plaintiff is not admissible
against a set-off pleaded, or given in evidence
by the defendant.
2. Error in a transaction which led to the
execution of a note, cannot be transferred
wit h the note.
The action was brought by the plaintiff in
error, on four promissory notes, [amounting to
the sum of lour thousand four hundred and
twenty-eight dollars. Pleas, non-assumpsit,
payment and set-off During the trial the
defendant introduced evidence against the
nominal plaintiff, existing previous and sub*
sequent to the date of the notes sued on, and
previous to notice of the transfer to Reedus,
for whose use the suit was brought. To re
duce the amount of the offsets claimed by the
defendant against Hudnall, Reedus offered
evidence to show that there was an error in
the transaction between Hudnall and Scott,
out of which the notes sued on grew, of about
nine hui dred dollars, which remained uncor
recled and unadjusted between ail the parties.
To the introduction of this testimony the de
fendant objected, and the objection was sus
tained hy the court. The error assigned is
the rejection of this testimony.
Reavis for plaintiff’ in error cited 12 Wen
dell, 356.
I lair, contra, I Ala. Rep. G 29.
Ormond J. Ih the case of Hall vs Cook,
1 Ala. Rept. 629, we held that the plaintiff
could not avail himself of a set-offagainst set
oft’pleaded, or given in evidence by the defen
dant, but was restricted to showing that the
set-off was not admissible, or was a debt which
he .was not bound to pay. Tried by the rule
laid down in that case, the defence offered by
tiie plaint.iffto the set-off given in evidence by
the defendant, was clearly inadmissible.
The attempt here was to reduce the amount
of the set-off by showing an error in the ori
ginal transaction, which led to the execution
of the notes sued on, and without stopping
now to inquire whether the plaintiff could, in
a court ot law, occupy such an inconsistent
attitude as to affirm the correctness of the
contract by suing on it, and at the same time
to insist that it was erroneous, we consider
the answer given by the counsel for the de
fendant, conclusive.
That if there was an error in the original
settlement which resulted in the execution of
the notes, that error could not be transferred
with the notes. This is so perfectly clear that
argument cannot illustrate it.
Let the judgment be affirmed.
From the Globe.
MR. RIVES or VIRGINIA AND THE NA
TION A L INTELLIGENCER.
Mr. Rives, when discussing the question of
authoritive opinion, in regard to the settlement
of the Constitutional’ power of Congress to
establish a National Bank, adverted to the fol
lowing editorial remark of this Morning’s Na
tiona Intelligencer:
We have stated a fact, on authority upon
which entire reliance, may be placed, viz : that
when Mr. Madiso’ns signature of the Bank
hill of 1816 was condemned ir. conversation in
his presence, Mr. Jefferson with great empha
sis vindicated Mr. Madison, and said that the
General Government must have a B r mk so long
as the Slates were suffered to have them, for that
the General Government could not get along j
without one.
We are now enabled to present evidence of
a nature to satisfy every reasonable mind, that
Mr. Jefferson did, three years at least before
Mr. Madison’s signature of the Baak bill, de
clare the constitutionality oi a Bank of the
United States to be a settled questing by adju
dication of Congress, the judiciary, and the
Deople, to which he teas willing to yield ins own
(pinions on the subject.
Mr. Rives, then read a paessge from a let
ter of Mr. Jefferson to Mr. lippes, written
three years subsequently to the passage of the
Bank, which it is here pretended he declared j
his willingness to support; in which he de-;
dares his own unchanged conviction of the i
unconstitutional it y ot such institution, and j
points to the very decision of Congress in
1611, from which it is pretended he would
have dissented, as settling the question against
the power forever. Vv e copy the passage
read by Mr. Rives to tiie Senate in Ins speech
to-day.
Extract from a letter from Mr. Jefferson to
Mr. Eopes, dated Monticelio, November 6,
1813.
“After the solemn decision of Congress a
! gainst the renewal of the charter of the Bank
I of the United States, (and the grounds of that
decision, the want oi Constitutional power,)
Chad imagined that question at rest, and that
no more applications would be made to them
**r tne incorporation ot banks. The oppesi
‘; on on that ground to its first establishment,
Me small majority by which it was overborne,
and the means practised for obtaining it can
not be already forgotten. Tne law having
passed, however, by a majority, its opponents!
true to the sacred principles of suhm'ssion to
a majority, suffered the law to flow through its
term without obstruction. During tins the
nation had time to consider the constitutional
question, and when the renewal was proposed,
they condemned it, not by their representa
tives in Congress only, hut by express instruc
tions from different organs of their will. Here
then we might stop and consider the memo
rial as answered. But setting authority apart,
we will examine whether the Legislature
ought to comply with it even if they had the
power.”
[He proceeds then to argue against the ex
i psdtency of the measure, and to deprecate the
paper system, and to expose the nature and
extent ot the oppression and taxation imposed
upon the people by the banking system.]
But it is pretended by another anonymous
witness quoted by the Intelligencer, that, in
1816, after Mr. Madison signed the Bank
charter, Mr. Jefferson resigned his opposition
to a National Bank. In looking, after our re
turn from the Senate, over his letters, pub
lished by his grandson, we found one to John
Taylor of Caroline, in 1816. In this letter to
John Taylrbr of Caroline, dated May 28, 116,
several months to the approval by
Mr. Madison of the Bank charter, he uses the
following language:
“ And I sincerely believe with you that
banking establishments are more dangerous
| than standing armies, and that the principle
J of spending money to be paid by posterity
| under the name ot funding, is but swindling
! futurity on a large scale.”
Having now refuted the statement of the
Intelligencer respecting Mr. Jefferson’s opin
ion on the subject of the Bank, we subjoin, in
conclusion, a few sentences from a letter to
Mr. Leiper, dated 10th June, 1815, on the
subject of the misrepresentation oi'iiis senti
ments by the Federal prints. We quote them
as strictly applicable to the new *misrepresen
lions of Mr. Jefferson’s sentiments” by the
National Intelligencer, and we adopt Mr. Jef
ferson’s remarks on this similar occasion, to
save ourselves the trouble of making any.
“The Federal misrepresentation of my sen
timents,'‘which occasioned my former letter to
you, was gross enough ; but that and all oth
ers are exceeded by the impudence and false
hood of the printed extract you sent me from
Ralph’s paper, * * * * The word
Federal , or its sVnonyme, lie, may therefore,
be written under every word of Mr. Ralph's
paragraph. * * * * But lies to
save division among us, are so stale an artifice
of the Federal prints, and are so well under
stood, that they need neither contradiction nor
explanation.
From the Augusta Constitutionalist, July 6.
O’ In our two last papers we produced
undeniable evidence that Mr. Clay could not
depend on the votes of Messrs. Nesbit and
King, for the passage of iiis national bank
bill in the House of Representatives, should
his influence in the Senate be strong enough,
as we believe it is, to have it passed by that
branch of Congress. We now produce con
clusive evidence, that another representative
in Congress from Georgia, will not vote for
Mr. Clay’s bill.
Mr. Meriwether was- a member of the
House of Representatives of the legislature
of this State in 1838. During the session,
resolutions were introduced in regard to the
currency, sub-treasury, and a national bank,
Mr. Kelly, of Houston, offered the original
resolutions, for which substitutes were sub
mitted ! y other members. On the 10th of
December, IS3S, the original resolutions pre
sented hy Mr. Kelly, were taken up. Substi
tutes were offered by Mr. Howard, of Mus
cogee, and Mr. Brown, of Wilkes.• Mr.
Meriwether offered also a preamble and reso
lutions, as a substitute for the original resolu
tions and for the substitutes previously pre
sented. lu this preamble, and these resolu
tions, Mr. Meriwither denounces the sub
treasury system, and condemns the connec
tion between the Federal Government and
corporate moneyed associations. The sixth
resolution of Mr. Meriwether’s substitute is
in the following words, as copied from the
Journal of the House ol'Represenlatives, page
179
“Resolved, That the establishment of a
National Bank IN ANY FORJ\I, is uncon
stitutional, and (lint tiie most danu'erons of
any is, such an institution predicated upon the
revenues of the government, and issuing trea
sury notes for its circulation , the power be
ing concentrated in the hands of t!le resi
dent, and thereby increasing his patronage*”
Mr. Meriwether, in the most solemn man
ner, declares a national bank, in any form,
to lie unconstitutional. Can Mr. Clay de
pend on the vote of this gentleman, for the
passage of his national bank bill in the House
of Representatives?
Notwithstanding the boast of the whigs,
that they have a large majority in the House,
the passage of a bank bill, in any form, ap
pears to us doubtful. We have shown that
three whigs, at any rate, cannot vote for such
a bank in any form, it may be made to as
sume ; and if we could lay our hands on doc
uments which we know to exst, we could
say how that there are more than three whigs
in the House, cannot consistently with de
clarations made not very long ago, vote for
the charter of a national bank.
Thirty-three dats to Jerusalem !—No
thing marks the present age more strongly,
perhaps, than the wonderful facilities,afforded
for travelling. In the improvements steam
has introduced into the modes of conveyance,
space seems almost annihilated. Half a cen
tury ago, and a journey from Boston to New 1
York was viewed a most serious undertaking,
not to be engaged in without great considera
tion, and, in some instances, solemn prayer in
the churches. Now one crosses the Atlantic
without hardly a moments hesitation.
“The annihilation of space,” save a late
number of the North American Review, ‘‘oc
casioned by the introduction ol steam into
navigation, is in nothing more wonderfully
exemplified than in the time with which it is
possible to travel from New i ork to Jerusa
lem. The fact may be startling to our rea
ders, but it i< nevertheless true, that a person
favored by circumstances, may reacli Mount
Calvary within thirty-three days after leaving
Broadway. Thirteen days may take him to
| Bristol, two to far is, three to Marseilles, ten
to Syria, lour b> Jaffa, and one from there to
: Jerusalem. And the French steamboats,
; piving upon the Mediterranean, to Syria, to
■ Alexandria, to Greece, to Smyrna, and to
Constantinople, are safe and pleasant vessels,
and well found in all respects.” What would
M r. Grundy have said at this fifty years ago':
—Boston Post.
Deaths of Clergymen. —The American
I Quarterly Register contains the names of “J'J
j clergymen who died during the three months
! preceding the first of January. Ofthcse there
! were Congregational 3, Presbyterian fi; F.pis
j copalians 5; Baptist 3; Methodist 8; German
1 Reformed 1; Dutch Reformed 1; Unitarian 1;
[NUMBER 23.
I not specified 1; Between the ages of 20 aud
80, 4; 80 and 40,0; 40 and 50, 4; 50 and 01*,
j ‘4; 00 and 70, 2; 70 an 80 4; 80 and 90,1; not
sjiecified, (>. Sura of all the ages specified,
1,138. Average age of the twenty-three,
-iJ 1-2. The largest number of deaths was
in New Jersey, viz :4. Eleven died iu Oc
tober and ten in November.
Most of the Methodist lived to an advanc
ed age. ( ied Wlison, 02: Andrew Stevens,
75; VY. V,. louder, G 7; Nelson Reed* 83;
Christian C. Hill, 50; John French, 71; Al
exander Ervin, 42, and Benjamin Benson, 88.
Their average ages were 01 1-4.
This, we suppose, is a fair average of human
life—perhaps rather better than any other
class present. The sobriety and general tem
perance of a clergyman’s life are favorable to
longevity, and more than counterbalance the
injurious effect of close study.
The Methodist clergymen it appears, live
longest. That appears to us a natural result
of their labors. Public speaking to a person
not afflicted with pulmonary disease, is favor-’
able to health, and the regulations, of that
church, which frequently removes a clergy
man from one cure to another, though it dis
turbs his social relations, relieves him from
the necessity of preparing sermons, as those
of one circuit will, with slight alteration, do
ior another, and it i? generally conceded, as
it was in the case of Whitelieni, that unwrit
ten sermons are the most effectual on the sec
ond or third delivery.
Times have changed, and with them few
things more than the habits of the dergv, es
pecially those ol New England. They per
haps were more remarkable for longevity than
any other class of citizens. They preached
very regularly, and were not called upon,
like their successors, to participate in the labor's
of a vast variety of philanthropic and religous
associations. But even these men of giant
minds have passed away, and -when one re
turns to inquire for them, the grave stone
prates of their whereabouts; and with a sick
ening sense of the mutations *of life, since
even such must die, one looks into society
and exclaims : “Your fathers, where are they!
And the prophets, do they live forever !’’—
Philadelphia U. S. Gazette.
Fattening Poultry.—An experiment
has lately been tried of feeding geese v ith
turnips, cut up very line and put into a
trougii with water. The Gleet was, that six
geese, weighing only 9 lbs each when shut
up, actually weiged 20 lbs. each, after about
three] weeks feeding with this food alone.—
New Genessee Farmer.
From the N. Y. Courier & Enquirer.
INTERESTING BIOGRAPHY.
Samuel Gouverncur, Esq is engaged in
writing the biography of Jas. Monroe, which’
will probably be one of the most interesting
that has been published in this country. Mr.
Gouverncur being the son in-law of Mr.
Monroe, and having had bequeathed to him all
the papers of that illustrous statesman will he
enabled to accomplish his undertaking with
singular advantages. The fol owing will be
one of the interesting passages :
When Mr. Monroe was Mimste from the
United States at Paris, and when Gen. La.
Fayette was confined in the Prison at Oluiutz
by the Emperor of Austria, information was
brought him, that Madame La Fayette, the
General’s wife was thrown into prison, and
no doudt in a few days would follow the laie
of her mother and grand mother at the guillo
tine - Mr. Monroe alone could save her and as
Paris was then in the hands of the mob it could
only be accomplished by arousing the sympa
thies of the people. The destruction of life
had been such in every state of life where opu
lence was perceptible, that to a T o;d certain
death, all luxuries, and splendor, were laid a
eide; and the wealthy, instead ofriding in their
equipages, either walked or rode in the misera
ble vehicles of the city.
It therefore created a great sensation when
the splendid equipage of the American Min
ister’s carriage appeared at the gate of the
Prison, and his lady informed the keeper that
she had come to see the wife of Gen. La Fay
ette. Such a call at such a time was like
electricity. The news spread in all direc
tions, and before Mrs Monroe drove from the
Prison thousands had collected around her
carriage, and the feelings elicited by the
meeting of two such females in such a situa
tion, arrested the axe of the executioner and
eventually set the captive free* The feel
ings of Col. Monroe cannot be realized du
ring the absence of his wife, lie could not
accompany her, as that would have counter
acted the feeling he knew must be awakened
*o cave the prisoner. Madame La
Fayette met Mrs. Monroe she was in a state
of perfeeffphrenzy, supposing that she was
led.out to execution, and when she found her
self embraced by the Lady of the American
Minister, .within the walls of that gloomy
prison where but a few days previously had
been led forth to execution her mother and
grand mother, it was for a long time before she
could realize her situation. Mrs. Monroe as
sured her she should be saved, and that her
husband had determined to risk all if it. be
come necessary, to accomplish her deliver
ance.
Mail Robbery. —The following memoran
dum was endorsed on the Milledgeville letter
package of 3d July-, received at the Post Office
in this city on Tuesday evening:
“The mail of 6th June from Augusta to
Milledgeville, was robbed at Warrenton by
some negroes. Two of them are now in Jail
at that place; some money, drafts and execu
tions have been found on them.”
I he letters from Savannah of 4th June, for
Milledgeville, Macon, and other Western of
fices. we learn from our Post Master, were in
that mail. —Savannah Republican, July 8.
llow to keei> a Prisoner. —The Boston
•Past relates the following mode of practice of
the late Sampson Wood, once Sheriff of Mid
dlesex county, Massachusetts:
lie often had to convey desperate prisoners
from one part of the country to another, and
when night came, he used to iron himself
hand and foot to his prisoner and go to bed,
and address him thus: —“You.can now go to
sleep if you like, or let it akne. * For my part,
f shall go to sleep. You can't get away with
out waking me up, and carrying me with you.
You have got one arm and one leg free, and
so have I. Yet yon may make out to kill me,
but if you do you'll have to carry my carcass
with vou, and that will be proof enough to get
you hanged for murder, so, you see, i. shall
stick to you like death to a dead Nigger, any
way you ran fix it Good night.'” It, is hard
ly necessary to say that with this queer mea
sure of precaution no prisoner attempted to
escape from Sampson.
From the Philadelphia Sentinel.
j Yv'e have arranged the States according to
I their population in the following list.-New
I York of course takes the lead.
New York. Pensylvania, Ohio, Virginia,
j Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina Mas
: sachusetts. Georgia, Indiana, South Carolina,
! Alabama, Maine, Illinois, Maryland Missouri
: Mississippi. New Jersey. Louisiana, Connec l
cut. Vermont, New Hampshire, Michigan,
| Rhode Isiand, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida,
I lowa, District oi Columbia, Wiskoiioiii.
From the Augusta Constitutionalist, July 10.
We alluded in our last paper, to a resol
recently adopted by the legislature’ of Ne-
Hampshire, which related to the contwc
between Georgia and Maine and Virg.
New York. Since we have received the
cord Patriot, from which we have taken Hit
following particulars respecting that resolu
tion, and others adopted at the same time.
In the House of Representatives c; ."V ■
Hampshire, June 30, Mr. Raker, i,....
committee on the judiciary, to whom ha.,
referred the subjec t of the controversy t.
tween Maine and Georgia and between Vir
ginia and New York, made a report to wlreh
the following resold o s were appended;
1, Resolved, That the constitution of fhc-
United States was established by the peoj 1* ‘
the States respectively, the people ot
State acting in their sovereign capa<*..y, ;o
a party to the compact. >
2. Resolved, That each State is sovc -c g
within its own Territory* except , ofr
sovereignty may l:c abridged by tJ
lion of the powers specified in the i
Constitution*
8. Resolved, That the Federal Government
is limited in its jurisdiction, but within its ap
propriate sphere, is paramount to the autho:
of the States.
4. Resolved, Thai it is the duty of the 1 .
‘erel Government to provide for the fait!
observance ol the stipulations contained in
the Federal Constitution.
5. Resolved, Tliat the refusal of ore S‘n 1
Ito surrender a person charged with the com
mission of a crime within another Stale, .u .
who shall fiee from justice, is in open di.—;
gardofthe plain letter of the Constitution,
subversive of the peace and harmony of tie
Federal Constitution was established. |
tv Resolved, That the Executive oftb : >.
State, be requested to transmit to the Lxe* - ,,
tive ot the several States, to be laid befor
respective Legislature?, and to our S
and Representatives in Congress, to l
before that body, acopyof the above It - i ,
and these Resolution,*.
These resolutions were taken up : “ n t si
2d, 3d, and itii resolutions were adoj,..
Upon the sth resolution the yeas and i:
were called. A Whig member, Mr. Batch-:
der, stated that he was not ashamed to cai.
himself an abolitionist. He felt th;<> *’ :
principles involved in those resolution
of vast importance,.and he was op;
them. Alter some debate the yeas and 1 ,
were called, and the result was as stated i
our last paper, yeas 160, nays 51. The V i
resolution was then adopted.
Multum in Farvo.—The atrocious !nipn
donee of the Distribut ion proposal, is fu
forth in the following extract from the speech
of Mr. Gilmer, of Virginia:
“The bill to distribute the avails of the p’
lie lands is therefore equivalent to a direr
naked proposition to borrow money to di :
bute it among the States, or to raise money by
taxation in order to the same distribution ‘
amounts to the same thing. Itisapr.;
to borrow four dollars that v, e may give aw
or.c dollar—to borrow twelve millions t! tw
may give away three millions. Is that sound
economy ? I advocate economy; an l rot r \
in the calm and the sunshine of the < low
meat, but when the storm arises and the wii •.
blow in all their fury. I have always been re
advocate. 1 believe there will be less viH-.-
in a Republic just in proportion as economy
dies.
‘‘Neither a borrower, nor a lender he ;
For loan oft loses both itself and friend ;
And boirowing dulls the edge of husbandry ”
Economv is the peculiar duty of this (l
eminent, but we are now under the necci
of borrowing. I will not go hack to in
how we got ltere. Suffice it tossy wc have
debt?, and we must pay.them. . Wc owe
money, and every honest man means that wc
shall pay it. The question is, while we are
borrowing money to pay our debts, will you
give away the proceeds of the public lands?”
—Charleston Mercury, July 9.
Mail Robbery.— The mails between D/Hl
-and Augusta, which was made un
on ihe oth of last month, and lost on if re 1
have been found at Warrenton, many oi f ;
letters and packages pillaged, and, we leru.i
through the politeness of the Post Master at
this place, who furnished us yesterday with
the perusal of a letter to him on the :-üb;eet,
that two negroes have been arrested and
mitted to jail for the commission of the robb r
About three hundred dollars in Central i>>.
bills were found upon them, and checks, dr,.He
&c. extracted from letters, amounting to sev
eral thousand dollars, have also been recover
ed. The particulars as .to the robbery are tot
given, nor do we learn from the letter whe l jr
the mail was taken from the rail road ore* r
near Warrenton. An investigation is b
had, by which we hope all the parties, if thm
be others concerned with the negroes pi
ed, will be exposed and punished Ti e tmb
ingof this mail relieves many from great -n -
pense, as well as post masters from ; - yt:
as several important letters and re; . ..fie.
tions of value were forwarded by
being received, and until now no* ■ ‘.-
est information being had respecting v.
become of the mail, of that date, hadbe (3
excite some interest here, and suspicions no',,
vy were resting upon the post masters and
mail contractors between Ibis and Augusia.
Wc presume the facts which an investigalion
of this robbery will exhibit, will prove the
importance of greater care as to trusting the ..
mail to negroes.—Federal Union.
Indian Barbarities. —A few days since
Uvo wagons going from Port Leon to Monii
celio, were captured and plundered by a band
of savages, and horrible to relate, the drivers,
negro men, were tied each to a tree and bea
ten to death with clubs. This outrage oc
curred within three miles of Magnolia, and
within e;ght or nine of a military station oc
cupied by regulars, a detachment of vvl
went next day in pursuit of the murderei -
The day following, a citizen journeying
horse hack from Port Leon to Monties
was fired at by a small party of savag
no doubt ihe same band—a ball passed
through his hat. Does the government in
tend ever to suppress these cruel and isorders.
[Tallahassee Floridian.
Barque Olive Burnt. —The barque Oliv—
Peterson, which airived at the quarantine
ground on the 30th tilt, from Apalachicola,
was discovered to be on fire about Yi o’clocic
on Wednesday night, and was consumed.—
Vessel and cargo a total lose. The fire \v:.
so rapid that the crew were only able to save
a part of their clothing. !i broke out new
the camboose. Some of the crew were ta
keif oil by the Custom House bargee*, ‘.hat.
place. The Olive was cotton loaded, and
consigned to Bogert Su Kneeland. She still
remains at her anchors, burning. We un
derstand that the amount of cotton on board
was 000 balc3. The cargo is insured in Wall
street.
P. S. Tlic barque was towed into nine he.
water by the agent of the under writeis du
ring yesterday, and scuttled. Someth : .T
the hull, ami lower tackle, and a small part
of the cargo, will be saved. The barque was
seventeen years old and of course not of first
rate value, though a good vessel, and worth
at least; it is said, §4,000. She was owned
iu Newport, it is believed.—Journal of Cos
tnerce.
Front llit National Intcli'o> nccr.
OFFICIAL.
Appointment by tle President —By
and with the advice and consent of the Sen?
are.
Brigadier General Winfield Scott, Major
General bv Breve*, to be Major General June
25, vice Major General Macomb, deceased.
