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IjgE WESKLY TIME -
onN7^ir=^ ,T ° B .
’ , .„5.-ViH. R. ELLIS k CO.,
j j{ oPHIETORS.
r^yriMliiris published every Tuesday
, g-yie |*' r annum, iu advance, or Three
| M,in" n^ e *| of tho year.
Ooiiar-^^i. WEEKLY TIMES,
*** rv WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY Morn-
AY‘ Evening*. ♦ , ® cc on tl>e West
lm(s a ol ’ rjsSjgeet, nearly opposite Winter’s Exchange
- T K It M S
„. r nomim in advance, or Six Dollars
I'ivt D cjf So paper will he discontinued
.it “‘.ariigeaaredue, unless at the option ol’ the
jJjjJSdlSfc ts constacuonlsly inserted at One Dol
p W* Tl - , for the first insertion, and Fifty Cksts
iv continual
.. ‘o-ri a"'*!'? Polices exceeding one square or eleven
iTSKU* “ a,l'erUieinc:,u
-line* .
BETIMES JOB PRINTING OFFICE,
. ntisii of.Job Work, either Plain, in Col-
Efef rdc< rl l tly and promptly executed, such as
• BOf ’ Pamphlets,
Cards, Visiting Cards,
iisli e * , Notes,
8 11 l Bills of Lading,
sssw** ass's*.,
P° ?r - k e, Di-ny Receipts, Ac.
~al hatins been lately furnished with a largo
TW<, e'VTvpc. comprising some of the 11104 elegant
, re 'iirc|iare<l to execute all kind? of Job
dfliJ"’ * e ,i'vlc not 10 ho excelled.
IVorl in 3 - :.i ar !v invite the attention of our merenants
“ e f*ho h ' ve heretofore ordered their work from
,®iP? .. our Msciintn*
y,eit* 11 "... jrcnxedc the lowed, possible rates. Or
iW(ifn “'(• friends will be ptoinptiy attended
,!*, trull uUrw
v. . t p o rms of every description, kept on hand
Blank
,„i for ls - ‘ * —_
lands for sale.
H, CISC purchased all the I .a- ‘ of the Company
i'Vmiwtlie Brunswick ov ChaitshcMHjhee (mud
* n * > I will sell privately until the aecond inesdav
(vmpahj-. or „n that day by public sale . t ci, a (| j
i” <*®*L f,Hlowing.described I .ots:
K z.v n.wsuo, coujvrr,
... I,mt° ill fractional Section 32, containing 2f>fU/
1,0 -q \ and W. Hos S. K. V of Section 33; S.
ofV. K- Ko’ Section 33, T. 4, R. 0. N. and
1“ I 1 -of a SecCTon, in fractional Section i
y VV. V U( i >'■ K - * of Sectiou 4 ’ alld N - w - Xof Sec
,iio* T. 3,1-®; 7 i(ffr sT)X rn V.X'T y,
.. e V and K. H of X. W. if of Section 30; FI. J*
r” u „,d S. W. >f of S. K. M of Section 25. T. 4,
- \” kW. hots 2. 3, 4 and 5, of fractional Sec
11 ‘in'end Lots, being tiic N. %of fractional Section 31,
to :7> B _g and \V.—containing riTI % acres.
,fT ’ /,v iiKc.iTuii co r.vrr, gf.o „
. No ipfanil 420.215 t District, containing 50(1 acres.
cit-Tliere is a small reservation in Gadsden county,
u(of tliis hand is very fertile, and well adapted to
.klriilture nf Tobacco, Cotton and Corn. To any |>erson
“ hiiurtlie whole of the Land in either County, I would
, 'il, bargain. It is situated on the River near Cliatta
{* ol which place a map of the I.amts can be seen,
canbe addressed until the first of August, after
“itch time at Outumbu*, Georgia. The titles are Imlis
i-ua.hooctice. July 22. w3m J( IHN C. RCSE.
fire PROOF COTTON WAREHOUSE
COLUMBUS , G.l.
RIiSE, PATTEN A 1 RICE
-IITE renew the tender Os our nerv.r,* ,0 oui .riends
VV turf the Planters and Merchants generally, for tlie
Flora;’ and sale of their Cotton during the ensuing
OTi:i, and trust that our previous efforts to give satis
hrtiotg will ensure to us a continuance of their patrnn
,<f uur ur ivideil attention will be given to this business
in ,11 its departments, pledging our best endeavors to
pinole the interest of those who may entrust their
Culton to ua.
We will with pleasure, furnish our customers with
UGItI.VO and ROVF., at the market price, and will
mrtire sor 1 them any other articles they may require,
in the Lowest Teems at which they can tic bought lu re.
We srv also prepared to advance liberally to Planters
n their l otion stored with us. or on consignments to our
wrrntioudtntt at the North or in Kmrope.
RITSK, PATTEN t URIC,.,
olumho*. August 1(5. 1851. w.ttwtt
SSO Reward.
STni.KN from my plantation near Goodman’s Cross
llo.nK in Harris county, on the 2d instant, a DARK
BIV HOUSE, about ten years old, with a little white in
Die frog ot .■ hind foot. I have reasons to think, from
informsU's. derived from others, that a young man about
tfiif.irt of age, with fair skin and light hair, by the name
f IViutiX A. Pus pep., is the individual who took said
bone.
I wilt givo fifty Dollars for the recovery of said liorse
end the eonvictio’n of the thief; and for Hie recovery of
foe horn* alone I will give a liberal reward.
AARON GOODMAN.
Humillon, Soph 25, 1851.
GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE
MARIETTA, GA.
rpillS Institution will be open for the admission of
1 CAPETS, on .Monday the 7th of Ji i.v, 1851.
Tho Institution is owned by Stockholders, and is under
therimtml of a Hoard of Trustees.
The faculty elected consists of Maj. A. V. brumby,
teu James H\ Armstrong, Maj. D. It. HIM and Thomas
Fiewarttvon. M. D.
The Superintendent, Maj. Brumby, is a graduate of
West Point. He comes to us with the host recommenda
tion, from the Academic Staff of that Institution; and,
,Uo. from the faculty of the Universitv of Alabama,
shtre he taught Mathematics and Civil Engineering |*ev
ml iut. tlen. Armstrong and Maj. Hill me also grad- ;
site, of West Point, and are exiierieuced teachers, j
The taller is at this time Professor of Mathematics in j
Wniliinjlon College, Va.
The course of instruction, regulations and discipline of
lh(U. 8. Military Academy, so far as they are applica
ble to , Stale Institution, have been adopted, and will
beuuhlisliedln pamphlet form.
The Institution is organized upon the usual plan of
foin Collegiate Classes, tty reference to the following
hVMipq.SuF BTCDIEB, Parents and Guardians can,
el once, ece s hat are the requirements for joining either
clue.
FOURTH rI.ASS.
Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, English Grammar,
Gvography, Composition and Declamation. French
THIRD CLASS.
Triganomolrv, Mensuration, Surveying, Descriptive
Geometry and its applications, Analytical Geometry,
Trench, Drawing, Composition, Rhetoric, History.
SECOND CLASS.
hilTereminl and Integral Calculus, Natural and Kxjieri
■entalPhilosophy, Astronomy,Chemistry, Drawing, Ev-
Weneet 0 tt'hrislianily, .Moral and Mental Philosophy.
FIRST CLASS.
tstural History, Mineralogy, Geology and Physiology,
Mitiuj Economy, Law of Nations, Civil and Military
Engineering, and Civil Architecture, Infantry Tactics,
rciencr AiidPractice of Artillery.
No Cadet will Im* admitted who is less than fourteen
or more than twenty-five years of age ; or who is afflict
•Jwith ay disease or infirmity which would rende
’ weiu unlit for military duty.
The Cadets wilt lie occupied shout one hour and a
tulf each day iu military exercise's; but at suck times
u *st tolntrrfrre with thir rewiUar studies.
UNIFORM, FURNITC KF, JkC.
The Pnjform consists ot a light gray cloth coatee, trim-
OR'd with gilt convex buttons amt black Corel —white
rot, amt white Russian drilling pantaloons, without
trimmings—hVsuuinier. for winter, gray cloth vest and
pwttalootis. trimmed to suillthe coal —black stock, white
glovesguei white he—Monroe shoes and a Forage cap.
.Va alter dress mil be worn ; nor will Ctidrls be nl
lovut to keep other elnthi/f in their rooms. Each Cadet
from • iistniKv.nmst provide him self with a mattress
*•>>l bedding lor a ingle bed, matt res cover and bed
•Jnp—one trunk, one clo'i'cs beg amt six towels.
Each Cadet will unite with his 1 won-mates in pwchas
lag. for their common use, one pine table, one looking
flaas, one wasii pan,one pail and ore. broom.
Iu view ofihe following regulath ns, parents and guar
siatis sending their sons and wards to this Institution, arc
adrise-to deposit with the Superintendent, or with some
►’me friend in Marietta, a sum of money sufficient to
purchase the above trticles, and to cover ail neecssarv ex
penaej f(, r OIM . . >r the Superintendent should bo
authorized, iu writing , to How Hie Cadet to make an ac
fg unt for a spscifird sum. The regulation referred to is
“follows, viz: Every Cadet shall jeep a small blank
•“*< ill which shall* be charged every .rtiole he may
purchase. This book shall be turned over totl.e Super
“tendeni for his inspection at the end of every month.
Aar Cadet wlm shall contract a debt without pertuis
►ouof the Buperinlendunt, or be ‘ rnished with any nr
•kle whatever, by any storekeejier or other i>erson, with
*ut uch permission, or whose parent or guardian shall
P*. f tvdebt contracted by him during his connection
with the institute, aud in violation of this regulation,
“**H be dismissed.
_ .. TERM?.
Tuition, Board, Washing, Fuel, fghln. Field Muale,
w other contingent expenses* [per *xjeß*n of live
sioo oo
Tuition [for resident Cadets,] per Session, 25 oo
new .Music and other contingents, * 2 00
Any Cadet entering the Institute after the commence
ment of a session, will be charged in proportion to the
rates. These ckargrrs must be paid in *ailrance for
expenses exeept the fee for tuition. Every Cadet
paving the Institute before the expiration of the peri
-04 for which he has made an advance, shall receive the
****£J*ded luilnncc.
-.MI Hie Editor of any newspaper in Georgia. South
Volina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi or Tennessee, by
this advertisement in bis paper, and sending a
*®Py regularly to the ‘•Georgia Military Institute,” shall
tat tuition for one Cadet, or his and est at the
7* twenty-live dollars per session, payable io tui
and in favor of any Cadet, will be accepted.
, DAVID IRWIN,
jQ ne s,lßSl.—jylß] Pres't Board Trustee
TWENTY dollaars reward
TANARUS) AXau a\ from the sutacriber?, the .VtJuly, iust.ni
j* l n NKi:i;o MF\. Ccor'^i-. abnu CO vettr* ‘rid
r0 " 1 ’ , ‘’“ xu ’ n * weighs atxnn 140 (Si mds about 5 feet
to South C.nrolina. —He was
“I'm from .Mr. Austin, <a jieeulHtor.l ill March last
0 is 20 years old. dark complected, weighs about 140
gnhiir high, close built. Both went off to-
above reward will be paid to any one who will
U_ g r M 'd negroes to us, or lodge them in any jail in
elate, and give us information thereof—or Ten Dol
for either.
ddress to Bald HiU Post Oftle, Muscogee countv, Ga.
WILLIAM L. CLARK,
JOSEPH KING.
H . LEATHER.
hMMfiand sole I-eathe*-, top leather,
. patent leather. Hist Skins Sheen Skins Morocco
look-binders’ Skins Cal kins and all kinds of I s-ath
ror ““e at juneSO W ADE & CO.’S,
East side Broad sh. Sign of Goldeu Mortar.
PGin Banda and Machinery Belting.
, *’ rr^( u ‘d Beltinir, besl quality, from one to four
>. “y* l mches wide -.Rubber Beltiue, from one to four
inches wide: Yttlcaniml lb,btK-r Hacking, from
to six-eighths thick; for’ sale low for cash or
N'prorericredit, ‘WADE & CO’S,
Last aide Broad st. Sign of Golden Saddle
ROCK ISLAND FACTORY,
l iW? , n .' ullu, 'actnring Writing Paper of all the va
and , )T M i ch / I '*sUer,Fx.is-cap, Flm-cap,Fo!io
IVmvs * ,ncrclal Post, (ruled and unruled,) Mediums
per PoAm Ai N’ Newa-w-int, Book and Colored Pa-
P-r’onut N >' ws Eayetopes and Wrapping Ps
able terms ss^-’j 1 ! 1 ° f wl,icli will sold on as favor-
Orri™ ? as cm * Ik ’ purchased in any market,
too r, t s Umsabov e kinds < f Paper, addressed
w ri!> in- .mm’ ‘ <Trwwi > r ‘ r ) or the undersigned, wili meet
■'"POmpt attention. G. B. CURTIS 58c’y.
VOLUME XI. |
TO RENT,
A comfortable house with four rooms. The situation is
-* A. near tlie business part of the city. Applvto
octll—lt IIAI.I, fc MOSES.
• ROSE HILL FOR SALE.
M~j, H!T1 ’ ATF.tI on an eminence ttiree fourths of a
ntile from the city, and containing thirty acres,
adioining lands of Win. A. Redd. Jas. R. and
John A. Jones, with comfortable improve
ments. Applv to B. BEASLEY.
Columbus, Oct 14—w4t;
For Sale.
CHOCOLATE Rend Lands, on Chatahochee River
near Eufaula, and fi or 700 acres rich bottom lands,
on South Cowikue near Spring lliil, Barbour com ty. Al
ba ina.—For terms apply to C. BATTLE.
Oct.7 —wtf.
PANTALOONS.
Bl‘ ACK and fancy English, French and American Doe
Skins: fancy plaid, English, French, Scotch and
American Cassi meres; black, drab d’ete and queen’s Cloth:
black and fancy mohairnnd Cohn nr Cord; mixed Tweeds,
of many colors; white and fancy Drills; planters’ Linens:
Canvas Duck; striped Linens, and a good variety ot
plain and fancy Cottouade. at
aprilg—wtf WILLIFORD & DANIEL’S.
TEACHEK WANTED.
frMI E patrons of tlie -(fate School at Hamilton, Harris
L county, are desirous of employing a Teacher to take
charge of tlie Male Academy it tliis place for the ensuing
year. They wnnl a man i|i idi led to teach all the branch
es usually taught in Acadi n:ie-. None need apply un
less they come well rec.oinim nded. Tlie school at this
place lias been worth at letiat two thousand dollars per
year for the last ttiree years. And tlie present Instructor
retires from it only in consequence of ill health.
Any person wishing tlie situation will, make it known
by addressing the undersigned committee within three
w eeks from this date.
JOtf.X’ MURPHY, I J.-tS B. Jf F..XT) F.RSOjY.
n.iFin 11 u 1 a. thos. .i. tvll.l.r.ims,
-V. //. B.nn DF..V, I PUT HR F. BRUIT A".
Hamilton, Ca., Oct. 12—w3t.
BOOTS AND SHOES
*>" I have now oh hand, and shall com
J tiime to receive throughout the sea-
JCrss son, a good assortment of tlie difler
tme-O cut qualities and styles of gentlemen’s.
Icßs, boys’, youths’ and children’s B< HITS
and SHOES. Also, I-allies’ and
Misses’ GAITERS, BOOTS, SHOES, SUPPERS,
BOOTEES. &c., &c. A goml lot of RUSSETS, and oth
er heavy SH JKS. Call and v.
tv. W. RO R LYSO.V,
Bruudslreet, Columbus Ga.
sept3w Atwf
SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD.
PASSENGER TRAIN’S.
FIItST, Oil ACCOMMODATION TRAIN.
I EAVES CHARLESTON daily at 8 A. M., and ar-
J rives at Hamburg at 3!< P. M.
Leaves Hamburg daily attj a M„ and arrive at Charles
ton at \% P. M.
This train takes up and sets <1 wn alt way passengers.
SECOND, OR KXPRIiS TRAIN.
Hamburg at 5 P. M.
Leaves Hamburg at 10 A. M., snd arrive at Charleston
at ‘.1% V. M.
This train takes through Passengers only, oml nlwoys
arrives in full time to connect with ttie evening train
of the Georgia Rail Road, at Augusta, going West, and
w ith the Wilmington Boats, and with the New Turk
and Philadelphia line of bMenmors going East.
FREIGHT TRAIN?.
FIRST, OR RttlllLAß TRAIN.
Leave Charleston daily at 5 A. M., arrive at Ham
burg before It A. M. liex't day, and as many trains leave
cverv morning as may be necessary to take off all tlie
Goods received before 6 o’clock tlie evening belore, and
on their arrival at Hamburg, are immediately discharged
ami sent over to the Georgia Railroad.
Second, or Express freight and night passenger train
Leave Charleston 5 p. m., and arrive at Hamburg, at 7
a. m., next morning.
Isvave Hamburg at 6 p. m., and arrive at Charleston
at 7 a. 111.
Tliis train will take light and valuable Goods only,
sat boxes and bales Dry Goods. Hats, Shoes, Saddlery,
Glass, Drugs, Ate. Ac., which will be sent over immedi
ately on arrival to the Georgia Rail Rond Depot, at Au
gusta, and from thence will be despatch -d by the day or
night mail trains, or by extra express o!’ the Georgia Rail
Rond, to their points of destination. In addition to the
above, Messrs. Combs & Chamberlin have nindoitrrange
nieiits to express light Coodson tlieir, own account. by the
Passenger Train.
Tariff of Rates. I depot ’
FRKIOIIT TIIK SAME BY BOTH TRAINS- , Aligns
Sav from Charleston to Hnm-iincldg oil
First Class—Consisting f— burg. & drivntre
Boxes Hats, Bonnets and Furniture, .at Bridge)
per cubic foot Bct., 10
Second Class. —
Boxes and bales Dry Goods, Shoes, 1
Saddlerv, Glass, Drugs, bic. &c..
per lOt) lbs 45 80
Third Class —
Bagging, Rope, Butter, Cheese.“o
bacco, l.eatlier. Feathers, Loaf and
Crushed Sugar, Hides, Cotton Yarns
and Domestics, Down, Tire, Bar and
Sheet Iron, Window Glass. Paints,
Oil, Crockery, and Glassware, (in
crates or casks) castings, Hardware,
Hollow-ware. Lard, Tallow, Bees
wax. b:iW*s of Hails (*iiifin£. Mill
(ioarinc. Bacon, &c. &c 20 26
PornTii Class. —
Sucrar, CV>fTt*e, Rice, Pier >■<*
aial Crind Stones. Nails, Bacon in
boxes and casks D
SDKeiric Articles—
Salt in sacks ~
Flour, Idils . _ J o
Corn, Wheat, ()als, Rye, Peas, &c.. | <
Pities and hlids. I .iipior 3 ™
Quarter Casks anil V\ et Barrels,.... <-> 1 ™
Dry Barrels. &c. &c 50
All goods consigned to the agent of the South faro
nu Railroad Company-, Charleston, accompanied with
Bill of La,ling, or a,lcier, will la- received and torw-ard
e<l free of cotnitiission, ltit without such hill of
or advice, tlie Coinpain will not lie responsible. For the
rules and regulations of the Company generally seo tlie
Tariff of Rates printed on cards.
H J. 1). PETSII Sup t. Trans t.
Charleston, July 20,1851. a ah" 1 u h" 1
GEORGIA & ALABAMA ALMANAC
FOR 185^.
rpHK undersigned are now imblishing, and will soon be
1 ready to till all orders tor the
OF.oHGI.i & .7 J..1 8.1M.1 .ILM.LX.IC fOR IM-,
Calcuiatctl for tlie meridian and horizon of Columbus,
Ga containing, in addition to tlie Astronomical calcula
tions. extensive Executive. Judicial mid Legislative Sts
tisties of the Government of the I T nited States ; the Mate
Governments of Georgia anil Alabama; the Censusi of
1850. giving the population of each State and ot each
Countv in Georgia and Alabama, besides a large amount
Os other valuable information such .as is usually contain
ed in Almanacs. The whole nrrnnjred, and the Astro
nomical Calculations, after the style ot ORIIsU o .^y.-
() r ders are respectfully solicite<l from Booksejlc
and Merchants, especially from West Georgia ad r.a
Alabama, anand they
augl4lf. ‘ Columbus Ga.
CAUTION.
THE Columbus Ire House having been entered at
night and robbed of the money drawer eoniHitimg
aconsiderable number of Ice Tickets: the P>'“ “ *
ioned against trading for the same. The present issue
will be cancelled, lixm fiJr holders of ticke.s arc know n,
and thev will please present them for redemption at the
street, , C H.IFFI.Y, .^rat.
INSTRUCTION IN MUSIC.
THE undersigned respectfully informs his former
friends and pupils, and the public generally.
has returned to this city, where lie preposes lm rt U*
himself lo his profession ns a Teacher ol Music.
no w prepared to take a limited number of pupils >n
The Piono Forte and in Vocal Music, to whom his regular
and undivided attention will be given. _
fj?” Orders left at the Music Store of C. Keps fc C. ~
will receive prompt attention. fUKKi?
april23—W&twtf Rt SSF.I. E. HAKKIS
Drags and Medicines.
rpHF. subscribers l>eg leave respectfully to call the
I attention of Pltvsicians and Planters to theirfea#
spring u, plv orMll-ECT MEDICINE?, all rfW
wit en are :'resh and of the purest quality, such
as have been purchased on the lowest terms, and we
will furnish them at reasonable and satisfactory P™***.
ISIIINTRY PHYSICIANS will have their orders filled
with hTu-st Medicines premp.h-which will be pul
up lieatly, and securely packed. Such Chemicals will
* •
“'juuTwif Druggists and Chemist*.
female academy.
The Exercises in the Columbus
under the direction of Mr. and Mrs. CHAI’MA. ,
will l>e resumed Wednesday, Ootolier Ist.
Ti tTtos ran year or 40 weeks.
Primary Class, • •
Senior do
epto
SHERIFF'S SALE.
ITTII.I* be sold before the Court House door in Blake
v\ ly. Early county, between the usual hours o^sa
on the first Tuesday in November, lot of Hand No, .
tthirty) in the 26th District of said County, levied on a*
he prop ertv of John R. Anderson, sold to satisfy aft-la
mmli'.l dwin gujierior Court, in favor of Georg*
Crawford, Governor, vs. John R. .Anderson et al- prj
sept si ‘
NOTICE.
MwARD CO VXTr.RM.WBRT).
The undersigned hereby countermand the Reward o
ii< HiF.KT BALDWIN.
Dover, Russell co„ AUu, Sept. Jim, ldit,-U’
From the Alabama Journal.
Montgomery and Mobile Railroad.
The extension of the long line of Rttilroad
-which, commencing in Canada now ter
minates upon the Alabama river—from Mont
gomeryto the seaboard, is inevitable. The
gieat interest at stake and the public neces
sity which demanded it are so urgent, vve
may look upon its accomplishment as an im
mediate sequence to the completion of the
few gaps remaining in the eastern line, end
as determined and as certain as that another
crop of cotton will be made in 1852.
The question is not, will the work pay
as an issolated undertaking, but to what ex
tent will it render more remunerative the
25 000,000 of capital invested in the 1200
miles of railroad now occupying nearly tlie
ettiire distance between the city of .Tew York
and Montgomery Alabama.
VV bile the facilities of inland transporta
tion, by means of railroads, have been won
derfully extended, not less extraordinary is
the result in the, annihilation of space effect
ed in the last few years by the application of
steam to marine navigation. After near 20
years of steady advancement in railroad en
terprise, we have reduced the time of mail
and passenger communication between New
V ork and New Orleans to seven and a half
days: and yet we find within the last few
months, that Ocean Steamers are making
the distance between the same points in 6
days and 22 hours? It is evident then, that
to place the locomotive ahead in the race, we
must track the whole route. From the tide
water of the Mo bile Bay to Montgomery
will be front 150 to 160 miles—thence to N.
York via West Point, Atlanta, Augusta,
BranehviUe, Manchester, Wilmington &e.,
the distance will he 1,200 miles, nearly—ma
king about 1,360 miles of railroad, with the
exception of a short break at the Potomac.
Adding for the distance between the termina
tion of the railroad at the waters of Mobile
Bay at New Orleans, 170 miles and we have
1,530 miles as the entire distance—which bv
means of a railroad forty miles m length,
from Mobile to Pascagoula, could he reduced
.to less than 1.500 miles. Allowing steam
boat communication, however, from New Or
leans, we will reach the end of the railroad
say in thirteen hours, thence to Montgomery
seven hours; and thence to New York at 20
miles per hour, 60 hours—total time three
days and a quarter, or 80 hours.
I have no doubt that in less time than ten
years: we shall see the great mail carried
from New York to Mobile in 48 hours. This
would he an average of less than 30 miles
per hour, while the speed on some of the
Northern roads exceeds this, and upon the
great lines in England is nearly 40 miles an
hour. It must he considered that the grades
and curvatures upon this great coast-line of j
railroads are eminently favorable to high
velocities, and that these are constantly ren
dered more attainable by the. substitution
of an improved and heavy rail pattern and
by the perfection of machinery and manage
ment. The East Tennessee and Virginia
route, although it will he geographically
shorter than the present Atlantic and sea
board route, yet, in the impediments which
its grades and curvatures may offer to rapid
locomotion, it may very probably not he able
to compete: in point of time, with the present
line, which will also have the advantage of
connecting the capitals and principal com
mercial cities of nearly all the States through
which it passes.
Running as it does also through all the
great parent States of the South-west, there
is a local intercourse between the now and
old Statcsof the South sustained and accom
modated by this great line of railway, which
while indispensable to the public, is at the
same time an element of profit to the stock
holders, which never can he diverted from
this route.
*To say nothing of the social .and political
considerations which give a necesity for the
perpetuation and maintainance of this me*
tropolitan highway through the heart of the
great cotton growing region of the world, it
is very evident that, so far as inland inter
course between the North and the South is
concerned, this route, when perfected, must
always remain the groat highway of commer
cial travel and mail transportation.
I have said that circumstances would force
the const.ruction'"of this road, regardless of the
ability of this part of the great line to yield
a profitable return to the stockholders? Yet
I think it can he demonstrated that no part
of this chain of road, from the Gulf of Mexi
co to the Northern Atlantic, offers a greater
certainty of remunerative return upon the
capital stock. The results of the railroad
enterprise of Georgia and So. Carolina afford
data from which we can readily satisfy our
selves of the correctness of the conclusion.
The reports of the engineers and directors
of those works in 1850 exhibit the following
statement—first as to cost:
South Carolina Railroad and Branches, 240
miles, at $28,785 per mile $ >,908,366
Central Railroad of Georgia, 191
miles at $17,055 per mile 2 256,866
Augusta and Atlanta or Georgia
Railroad and Crunches, 213
miles, at $17,802 per mine 3,804,701
Macon and Western Railroad, 101
miles, cost the present proprie
tors §7.214 per mine 736.661
Total, 745 miles, at $18,39S 11 per rn.513,706,594
This presents a reliable average for the con
struction and equipment of Southern Rail
roads of substantial character, for although
the cost of the Macon and Western Road to
tlie original proprietors is not represented,
yet the unnecessary expense encountered in
grading thejjColntnbia branch or the tJoinh
Carolina Road, for a double track, &.c.. will
almost balance this omission. It is only
about 30 per cent of the average cost of North
ern Railroads. And here let me remark in
passing, that itis folly to suppose that we can
build and equip, upon any important route
a railroad adequate to the vast business of
transportation in a country of much extent
and population for an amount materially less
than this average.
Although iron may he had at less cost than
formerly, yet the necessity which experience
has demonstrated, of using a heavier rail, and
the fact that the foregoing estimate docs not
embrace that entire outlay necessary to per
fect a number one track, and also that most
of those roads were lmilt when labor and
provisions were much lower than at present
are considerations which more than counter
balance the reduced cost of iron.
It is because I have long been convinced
that cheap railroads, such as Wl first, built in
this country, are entirely inefficient and
worthless except as a mere foundation for
improvement, I have advocated the construc
tion of plank-roads for domestic transporta
tion, as preferable to these costly railroads,
except tifKin great highways of travel and
onimerckil intercourse, where nothing ever
vet provided by the hand of Man or the God
of Nature is equal to raih eads.
Having examined the cost, let us look at
the business of these Southern Railroads :
Total receipts of South Carolina Rail road and
Branches, for 1850. --$892,403
Do. o&Contral Railroad of Georgia. .668,383
Do. or Georgia Road ..626,807
Do. ot Macon and Western --. 197,179
Total receipts $2,384,773
Os the above amounts, $558,345, or about
25 per cent, was from passengers, and sl,-
826.528 from freight. On the Central Rond
but $70,000 of the receipts were from pas
sengers, and $597,001} from freight
J etus now look at the expenses (exclu
sive s is ii.te est) and nett profits
“THK IlSIOf! OF TH K STATKS ASTI* THB SO VBRBIGXTT OS’ THB STATES.”
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA,
Expenses Nett profit “
South Carolina R. R.. .$463,934. .$428,469
Central R. R., Ga.,... .337.629 330,756
Georgia R. R., 228,282 398,525
Macon & West’n R R.. .87,699 109,480
Totol $1,117,544 $1,267,229
The average expenses are a trifle less
than 48 per cent, of the entire receip's,
while the nett profits amount, upon the
aggregate, to nine and a quarter per
cent.
I have not before me the Reports of
these Companies for 1851. lam confi
dent they would show a more favorable
result, as the extensions north and west
wardly are constantly augmenting the
receipts of the main line.
An interesting fact, shown by expert
ence, is, that the receipts per mile run
are decidedly greater upon these South
ern roads than upon the roads North—
about in the ratio of 18 to 15. This is
no doubt partially owing to the lower
fares and the greater attention paid at
the North to public accommodation by
the more frequent running of trains.
It is surprising to observe what a small
proportion of the revenue from travel is
derived from through passengers. On
the Georgia Railroad, although the whole
number of passengers conveyed upon
the road, both ways, was 17G per day,
the number of through passengers was
but 21. Tliis is a very important fact
in estimating the extent to which the re
venue may be augmented by the com
pletion ot the whole line, and the reduc
tion of the time between New Orleans
and New York from lh days to 3 days,
and the fare per passengerreduced from
SSO to SG(). That this reduction is at
tainable there can be no question, as the
actual average cost of conveying pas.
sengers, upon the principal roads at the
North, is only one cent and one mill
per mile, and in Georgia, owing to the
more limited number, one cent and 7
mills per mile. Now S4O would be
equivalent to two cont and three quart
ers, leaving a nett profit to the compan
ies, even at the present high cost, of one
cent and half a mill on each passenger
per mite—equal to 48 per cent excess.
The cost of conveying a ton of goods
on the Georgia railroad is one cent and i
eight mills, and upon tlie Northern }
Roads about one cent and five mills per |
mile. Assuming a bale of cotton as one
fourth of a ton, it could be conveyed, at j
the above cost, 160 miles for 72 cents— !
so that at one dollar, there would be a I
profit ot 28 cents on each bale.
With these elements on which to base j
a calculation of probable cost and pro- j
fits, derived from results before *us, in ‘
Carolina and Georgia, if vve will com
pare the buisiness and position of Mont
gomery with that of Macon and Augusta,
Ca., and make due allowances for the
vast augmentation of the time and busi
ness which is to arise from the comple
tion ot the Nashville Road as well as
this extension to the seaboard, every
in'.eiligent man can judge for himself
whether tins Railroad from Montgom
erv to Mobile Bay isentitled to the con
fidence of capitalists as a good stock
investment.
It is probable that the citizens of Pen
sacola would meet this Road with a
branch, which would connect us, in
about 159 miles, with that beautiful har
bor and important Naval Depot-
This Railroad would decidedly benefit
the commercial interests of Montgome- j
ry. We should be brought within 7 hours
of Mobile, and2o hours/ffNew Orleans.
When the river was in the condition it
now is, how would Belma or Wetump
ka common icate with Mobile, except
through Montgomery? Nothing would
contribute more to enlarge our present
circle oftrade than the construction of
this Railroad.
California Election.
There has been some doubt as to the
result of the election in California, as
complete returns had not been received
at the sailing ot the last steamer on the
6th of September, and, so far as heard,
they were very close. The whigs were
claiming the election of Reading for
Governor, and most of their State “tick
ets; while they conceded a majority of
the members of the Legislature to the
Democrats. This news has been seized
upbn bv the Whig ptess, here, with
great rejoicing; but it now appears
from the very latest accounts, that they
were reckoning without their host.—
Two letters to the editors of the Penn
sylvanian, written at the moment ot the
departure of the steamer, state that the
Democrats have carried the Governor,
and the whole State and Congressional
ticket. We append one.
Office of the Pacific News. )
San Francisco, Sept. 6, 1851. j
My Dear Forney:—We have no tele
graphs in this country, and our news
does not arrive as yet with lightning
speed in the “Pennsylvania of the Pa
cific.” Enough to know that the re
turns, as far as received, show that
“Honest John” is elected Governor of
California, and the whole Democratic
State & Congressional ticket. We have
secured, as far as heard from a majority
of the next Legislature, which ensures
a Democratic U. S. Senator, vice Fre
mont. The Legislative fnm itk>
county will Do equally divided, which,
in view of the Custom House influence,
and the notorious tact that Mr. T. Butler
King is a Candidate tor the U. S. Senate,
is a most triumphant victory. We claim
that Banner, and the official result will
prove our title to its possession. The
mountain men of California, like the
miners of Pennsylvania, have proved
true to their principles and to their coun
try. May heaven grant the same glor
ious result in the old Keystone.
The steamer is about off, or I would
re-copy this miserablescrawl. We feel
too well to be very particular in our
style. Faithfully,
Tho*W. Sutherland.
In addition to this we perceive that
the “ East Alabamian” states that a let
ter has been received in its county from
California, which announces that the
Hon. Solomon Hydenfeldt was elected
Chief Justice of tiie Supreme Court.—
He was the Democratic candidate.
New York, Oct 7.
Mr. Chillis has returned from Nicaragua. He
reports that the Suraly route is complete. The
length of tlie canal to be dug will not exceed for
ty-five miles. The whole cost will be much less
than originally estimated. A meeting of ail par
ties interested is called, and will soon take, in this
eity, when stock to the requisite amount will be
.ssm-d. It is said that this route to California, as
soon as finished, will supersede all others.
New York Moxey Market. —The Journal
of Commerce of Friday evening says :
“There is no particular excitement in the mar
ket, and confidence is being gradually restored.—
The demand for business paper increases, and all
good names are freely taken, in some case-sat low
er rates.
There is little doing in Foreign Exchange for
to-morrow’s steamer, aad as change in quota- ]
tia
WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCT. 22, 1851
RAIL ROAD TO THE GULF.
We are gratified to have reason to know that
our views touching the necessity of some energetic
and prompt movement towards counteracting the
effects of rival rail-roads on the interests of Colum
bus, have been favorably received by intelligent
aud thinking men in this oity.
As food for reflection we publish to-day a very
able communication from A. A. Dextbr, Esq.,
an accomplished engineer, on the subject of a rail
way from Montgomery to Mobile Bay. We pray
attention to the valuable fticts grouped in this com
munication. And what we would impress on the
mind of this community is, that the advantages of
connection to Montgomery apply (only more
strongly) to Columbus. The shortest line from
NcvV York to Mobile by rail-way, when the entire
great South Western coastline of road is com
pleted,"is by way of Columbus. Any man can
figure tliis for himself, whether he starts from
Augusta by way of the Waynesboro branch ta the
Central Road, thence to Macou, Columbus and
Mobile Bay; or whether’fae starts from Savan
nah by the same route.
We also find in the Mobile Herald a corres
pondence be w ten Col. Phillips, of IN’* -ile, and |
the able engineer of the Mobile and Oli oRn l J
Road company, Mr. John Childs, on the subjiet
of the passage by railway acros*3 tlie head waters
of Mobile Bay.
The supposed difficulties of the'passage, have,
we think been tlie principal stumbling blocks in
th s way of Mobile enterprise Ju that direction.—
There lias been an apprehension that the termin
us of a road from Montgo nery or Columbus, at
Stockton or Blakely on the Eastern side of Mo
bile Bay, would, so for from benefiting Mobile,
build up a rival town at 4 tliat terminus. In tho
opinion of Mr. Child, an engineer of high reputa
tion, this whole difficulty can lie removed by the
comparat'vely trifling expenditure of $159,000.
Nov we hold tint if Columbus will unite with
flic planters oil the route from this pout to
Greenville, iu Butler county, Alabama, and build
that road we shall have obtained all the splendid
advantages so graphically pourtrayed by Mr.
Dexter as to be reaped by Montgomery by the
connect’©! of that city with Mobile Bay. We
shall thus be placed beyo id the possibility of suc
cessful competition on the great, shortest and best,
air-line from Canada to Now Orleans. Now is
tho time for action. Vigor and energy will seize
the rich fruit—by delay aud inaction it will be
lost forever.
tfgfCnpt. John Forsyth, the disunion editor of that
disunion paper—the Columbus Times—does not like the
result of the late elections in Georgia at all. He says
that it is a triumph of the North over the South. Os
course, he has a right to his opinion. But is it not a lit
tle strange that so many of the people of the South have
all turned traitors to their oount-y! and that a man who
won’t put a coat on his back, unless it is made in New
York—for we understand that that L true of Capt. For
syth, should lie such an elegant Southern man Tasks
free Republican,
“Capt. John Forsyth” presents his compli
ments to the submission editor of that sub
mission paper—theTuskegoe Republican—
and informs him that it is none of his busi
ness, where his coats are made: and that his
putting his spoon into our dish in that k’nd of
style, is a piece of impertinent intermeddling
with other people's afia’rs'that dont concern
him, quite in the vein of a dirty sheet, that us
ed to feed on the moral offal of this commu
nity. Besides, Mr. Republican, we do not
now remember tl at it is anywhere laid down j
in the “Georgia Platform,” what tailors and
where they shall reside, that a gentleman is
to be permitted to employ. As the “Geor
gia Platform” is the law of the land,to whicj,
we most humbly how—to which we most
gracefully submit and acquiesce in, tetota
ciously—if it can be shown that that is viola
ted by wearing New York coats, why wo
must try to get them elsewhere. But sup
pose our tailor politician—our connoisseur in
coats and breeches of the Tuskegee Republi
can, halts a moment, to exa ini no the wherea
bouts of his own wardrobe? That hal, sir,
that you wore, when you wrote this pert
paragraph, where was it made? At the North.
That shirt, where was it spun? At the North.
That coat and vest, those pantaloons and
boots—where did they come from? Why the
North. And the editor himself who penned
the paragraph —where did he come from?
The North. Now let the editor go to Co
lumbus and visit every clothing store in it,
and try to get equipped from head to foot in
a Southern suit. If he goes in with a row
to be so apparelled or go out undressed, he
will have to take the streets in the plight of
Plato's definition of a man —inpuris natural
ibus. Why every thing of the kind is North
ern. True, you find tailors here who make up
clothes, but injiine cases out of ten they are
■W Wuers with JgtxiteJ 1” ototptat, ana m
every case they make you up Northern goods
imported from the North. In Columbus there
is one Southern Rights clothing house, yet
he proprietors are Northern men and every
stitch in the shop is of Northean doing.
Under these circumstances —and admit
ting that we wear nothing but New York
made coats, which is false—by leave cf the
editor of the Tuskegee Republican, and sav
ingthe “Georgia Platform” (which God and
the People defend:) wo shall i owe to exer
cise our free-trade propensities and get our
“coats” where we can get them “cheapest
, and best.” Besides which, we wear principles
that, rre quite independent of tne cut, quality
or make of our coat. We are obliged to
wear Northern coats, and unhappily the suc
cessful politics of the Tuskegee Republican
and its ilk hare compelled us also to wear the
Northern— collar.
jcgT” The Cheap Postage System, says the
Albany Argus, will probably more than re
alize the expectations of its advocates. Ao
the Post Office in this eity, where formerly
1660 was the average number of letters
mailed a day—about one-fourth pre-pawl—
there were recently mailed, in a single day,
2,513 letters, of which about two-thirds were
prepaid'; No doubt the returns of the present
quarter will show au immense increase in
the number of letters over any quarter of last
year.
JJgT* Itis wonderful how the Submission
Press of Georgja has plucked up Southern
spirit since the election. Having decently
hrashod out the poor little Southern Rights
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1851.
Party, they feel big enough to whip the whole
North; and we accordingly find the Augusta
Chronicle and tho Savannah Repuliaan. porch
ed on the “Georgia Platform” flapping their
wings and crowing like a pair of defiant
chanticleers at the North. Bravo Gentlemen!
Wa like to hear those long lost notea from
you. It was for talk extremely similar to
your present tone that a brief mouth since,
you denounced in us and in our folks as be
ing awfully treasonable to the union. llow
is this? have yon a patent for dissolving this
union on your platform and are wetobe’hung
like dogs,”for talking about it on ours? But
vve would in our simplicity enquire, who you
expect to frighten at the North, by your big
talk just now? Why sirs, the North, has
learned the trick of your stage thunder. The
North knows it is only the prelude to sub’
mission—you have bullied before and sub
mitted—Your Mr. Toombs was at one time
a fire-eater of the most flaming sort—sc
much so that we once honestly invited him to
come home and lead the fire-eating hosts
yet he caved and turned in to eooing as gen
tly as a sucking dove for this “glorious un
ion.” Save your breath to cool your porridge
forthe North wont believe a word you say.
You must get the freshest sort of salt to put
on their tails before you can catch them.
But nevertheless it is creditable in these
presses to let their people at home into some
truths which have been studiously kept out
of sight. For this reason we are happy to
see them rising in spirit. And it is for the
purpose of giving unimpeded room and sway
to this spirit that we think it both politic and
patriotic in the Southern Rights party to
disband; cease opposition to tlie compromise
as hopeless, and leave the responsibility on
tlie “Georgia Platformists” of settling our
great account with the Frec-Soil Monarch.
“ IT IS GOOD TO BE TAUGHT BY ONE,9
ENEMY.”
“ Fas est ab koste doceri.” In the sense o
this wise old saying, the article of the N. Y. Tri
bune on tho Georgia election , which we copy
contains some rich reading, instructive to the peo
ple of Georgia, and a most luscious nut for the tri
uin,,hant party to crack. Wo will not ask the
reader to peruse it, for we know every one will
read it. Mr. Horace Greeley, of the “Higher
law” branch of the abolition humanity school, is
“gratified to a gratification” at the Cobb victory iu
Georgia—and he proceed-! to a philosophical dis
section of the elements which have produced this
result. Ilia conclusion is, that the germ of the
whole matter is, that the Free or White labor of
the Cherokee country has run a successful muck
against the slave labor of the Cotton and Rice sec
tions, and that the issue is a very substantial Whig
and Free soil triumph. His remarks about tlie
contest in this district and the issues male iu tlie
canvass against Mr. Johnson are, to say the least
of it, cruel. We commend that part of it to some
of our heavy union planters to whom wo address
ed our “last warning” just before the election.
The Tribune makes some mistakes iu facts.—
For example it says that McDonald beat Hill so r
Governor two years ago. It is needless to say
that he should have said Towns-, instead of Mc-
Donald. lie also classes Mr. Johnson of til's
District as a Whig, in former times. Mr. John
son used to be what the Whigs called a “Loeofo
co” of the rankest stripe. But wo think he is
bagged for a Whig for tlie future.
columns of the Columbus Enquirer of
y sterday morning remind us of the old adage—
“ set a beggar on horse back and he will ride him
to death.” The editor scolds like “ a very drab.”
Not content with beating his opponents, he pro
ceeds with that magnanimity so remarkable in
that quarter, to rub sand in its victim's eyes, to
pull his hair and to indulge in sundry other evi_
dences of the vulg tr spite of a little mind. We
hope our political friends will be able to survive all
this petty persecution. It is not the first time that
live “jackasses have been found kicking dead
lions.”
The Enquirer talks about its opponents dictating
to the victorious party as to the disposition of the
plunder and spoils of the triumph. This is news
to us. Our people are not so verdant as to sup
pose they can control the offices in the hands of a
huge majority. They know that these ware the
very things the union humbug was raised to ob
tain, and have not the least idea of attempting to
rescue them from the clutches of the patriots
who have won the booty. Dont be frightened,
Mr. Enquirer—for it is not likely that a single
stray plum will escape from your treasured box of
spoils.
CoinrnoMisii TRiusipn.—William F. Johnson,
promise AVhig, has been beaten for re-election by
Wm. Bigler, a Compromise Democrat, by twenty
thousand majority ! Such, we tru.-t, may be and
will be the fate of all who opjxise those measures
before the American people, and such, so far, has
been the result in every section of the oountry. —
Ala. (Whig) Journal.
Stop a little ! It is a v*ry sfiort time since the
Journal was taking its brother Whig, (Hooper of
the Chambers Tribune) to task for declaring that
the Northern Democracy was sounder oa the
Southern question than Whiggery. Mr. Toombs
had lately said the same thing. Now eoines the
Pennsylvania election to testify on this point.—
The Journal calls it a “ Compromise Triumph .”
Indeed! and who won it ? Why the Democrats.
Well, these Democrats must be sound, because
they are (just like the Journal) in favor of the
compromise. If the Journal is sound—so are the
Pennsylvania Democracy, by the same test. Mr.
Hooper’s opinion is therefore sustained, and Mr.
Toombs was right whon he expressed the same
opinion.
Pacific Dock Yard.— lt is rumored at Wash
ington that Commodore Sloat has been appoint
ed president of a board to locate. a nrival dock
yard on the Paeifi#, and that Commander Cad
wallader Ringgold will accompany him.
Gov. Williams (of Vermont) in his mes
sage to the Legislature, expresses doubts as to the
constitutionality of the fugitive slave law, and
thinks the question should be submitted to tlie
proper j tidicial tribunal for its decision.
tsr The Tost Master General has established j
the following Post Offices in Georgia:
Grove, Elbert, Ga., James A. Rum icy; Quin
field, Muscogee, Allen O’Quin ; Vineyard, Irvin,
Thomas Smith.
| NUMBER 43.
Serious Disturbances in Turkey. —The cor
respondent of the London Times at Constantino
ple writes that—
“ A serious disturbance had broken out at Van,
in Asia Minor. Towards the latter end of hist
month, according to my information, the Christian
population, composed mostly of Armenians, had
raised the standard of revolt, and had attacked the
Mussulmans, who number about 20,000. The
number in killed and wounded is extensive, and
were it not for Fehatal Hey, the Kurdish chief,
who came to restore order, the massacre would
hare been awful. The city had been pillaged and
part of it destroyed by fire, the work of incendia
ries. The dispute between the Christians and
Mussulmans arose on account of the former hav
ing adopted bolls for their churches.
Letter from Col Crittenden.
Ship oy War Esfkranza, )
Aug. 16,1851. )
Dear Uncle:—ln a few moments some fifty of
ns will be sliot—we came with 1 x>pez. You will
do me the justice to believe that mr motive for
Coming was a good one. I was deceived by I-o
pei. He as well as the publio press assured mo
that the island was in a state of prosperous revo
lution.
I am commanded to finish writing at once.
Your nephew, >Y. L. Crittenusn.
I will die like a man.
Hou. J. J. Crittenden, Attorney General Uni
ted States, Washington city.
The letter (says the Republic) is lying before
usas we write, in the firm, bold, stoaiß - baud of
one who was prepared to “ die like a man,” and
who kept his word.
From the New York Tr liuuo.
The Georgia Result.
Two years ago, Charles J. McDonald
was chosen Governor of Georgia over
Edward Y. Hill, the Whig candidate, by
3,192 majority—the vote being a very
large one. The State is very evenly di
vided between the two great parties, but
McDonald rode the high horse on •South
ern Rights,’ while Hill pointedly refus
ed to do any such thing, and that refus
alturnedthe scale against him. The
State was thus put decidedly against the
Whig party.
McDonald seems f<i have been in ear
nest in his semi .Calhounistn. He knew
how he had won his election, and he
went ahead accordingly, Southern Con
ventions, Southern Congresses, and‘va
rious games of that sort,’ found in him a
ready and ardent supporter. About
half his paity, and a very light springs
ling of quasi Whigs earnestly sympa
thized with him. But the mass of the
People did not—far from it. Thousands
who had humored the joke so long as
they regarded it as a mere party ruse to
beat the Whigs, began to back water
so soon as the matter came to look seri-.
ous. At the head of these stands How
ell Cobb, Speaker of the last House, a
shrewd and strong man, who has made
many a stump speech to prove the North
ern Whigs essentially Abolitionized,
and quoted The Tribune to prove his
assertion, but who has no idea of going
out of the Union ,Proviso or no Proviso.
And this brings us to another interesting
feature of the present contest.
Georgia, like Virginia, and, less thor
oughly, Maryland, N. Carolina and Ala
bama, is a State containing two anta
gonist Social systems —the Slave system
in the South-East and the Free Labor
system in the North-West. When the
Slavery Propaganda compelled Gener
al Jackson to drive the Cherokees out
of Georgia, in atrocious defiance of jus
tice, humanity and public faith, it had
previously been found necessary, in or
der to stimulate the whole People of
•Georgia to sustain the Nullification po
sition of Gov. Troup toward the Feder
al Government under the Presidency of
Mr. Adams, to set up all the lands to be
obtained from the Indians to be gambled
for in a gigantic State Lottery, every
Georgian having a free ticket. Thus
the Cherokees’ lands, before the origin
al and rightful owners had been driven
away from them, had already been dis
tributed by lottery, mainly in small
tracts, to many thousands of citizens. —
A gold fever broke out about this time
and precipitated the settlement while
preventing the aggregation of these
lands; and thus North-Western Georgia
has been recently settled in farms too
small to be profitably cultivated by slave
labor and by farmers who had no slaves
to work, even though they had land on
which to employ them. And thus it.
happens that the most thrifty and pow
erful [in voting] section of the State,
which has hitherto gone ‘Democratic,’
because their lands were wrenched from
the Indians by Gen. Jackson has now
put its veto on the Slavery Propaganda
by going almost en masse for the Union
ticket, in the older Counties generally
where Slavery bears sway, Cobb’s vote
is that of the Whig party and very little
beside; in the most Southern and pecu
liarly Cotton and Rice-growing section,
Cobb has less than the Whig vote in for
mer years; but in the young North-west
the majorities lor Cobb roll up alter this
fashion :
PeKalb 727 Ctaattoogn 400
l.'t.ss SSO Floyd 680
Cherokee. 550 Habersham 778
Jackson 414 Madison 524
Lumpkin 7UG Walker . 555
N'ewlon 633 VVallon 325
Gilmer 1,006
Most of these counties gave McDon
aid large majorities two yearsago.—
They nave now ueinousnctl iiinf. af xu^
less populous counties also of the Cher
okee country have gen jially given Cobb
decided majorities.
Os the members of Congress elect,
two are ‘Southern Rights’ men, elected
by meager majorities from the Savan
nah and Macon districts respectively;
three Union democrats of very mod
erate party prepossessions, Messrs.
Toombs and Stephens, who used to be
whigs, as we think Stephens still is a
heart, and James Johnson, a whig who
had to encounter in the canvass, and
did not contradict, aflidavits charging
him with having maintained that the
North did right in insisting onthe.exclu
sion of slavery from the New Territo
ries, and with having lately sold his pro
perty in Georgia in order to remove to
a Free State, expressly on the ground
that he would not subject his children to
the evils and contaminations ot slavery.
We feared these affidavits would dam
age him in the canvass, but they do not
seem to have done so. He is at all ev
ents triumphantly elected, from a dis
trict hitherto represented by a Loco-Fo
co Propagandist.
—Let us not be misunderstood. Tho
people of Upper Georgia, like those of
Western Virginia, are hostile to Aboli
tion as it has been presented to them,
and in favor of upholding what they
term ‘Southern Rights.’ But at heart
they wish every negro was back in Afri
ca, and, instead of consenting to dissolve
the Union in behalf of the extension of
siavery, they would welcome the Union
without slavery as an alternative to sla
very without the Union. In support of
thisassertion, we confidently appeal to
the Future.
Punch asserts that after all “Britan
ia rules the waves,” for in the recent yacht
races the American clipper ran away fn.ni
theßitiah fleet.’
From tba Chaioatoo. Stand.rd*
HON.* GEORGE M. DALLAS.
The following letter of the late Tice Presi
dent furnishes another proof that there
still, in the non-slaveholding States, boh*
staunch friends of justice and the Constitu
tion. Wo have an utter aversion for the hoi
low-hearted compromisers North or Booth
who under that pretence, surrender all te oar
enemies. Mr. Dallas, like Paulding tod
Stockton, comes out plainly and boldly and
wore it possible that their counsel# eould yet
bo followed, the Constitution might be ame*
ded as Mr. Calhoun desired, and the Uuieo
might thus be saved. It will be seen from
the letter below that Mr. Dallas is favorable
to such amendment.
Hon. George M. Dallas and the Compromise*
—Letter to Hon. Guy.M. Bryan, of Tat*
as.
Schooley’s Belmont llall,
Schooley’s Mountain Sprino. V
New Jersey, July 25, 1851. J
My Dear Sir : Having escaped the heat)#
of the city, lam almost inclined, amid the
beauties of nature which surround me here,
the high hills, the pure cool air, the fragraut
forests and the ripening harvests, to postpoUd j
until my return to arid streets and studies,
the attention to which your request is enti
tled. I cannot, however, feel at rest, whil
imagining that my silence may possibly be
misinterpreted, and, therefore, hasten to send
you tho views which you are kiud enough to
wish repeated.
On tho topics of your letter, datedthe 4th
iust from Peach Point Brazoria county, Texas,
1 have long entertained definite and decided
opinions. As they are somowhat different
from any avowed by public men in this quar
ter, I should feel diffident in holding or #o
fossing them, were it not that every day**
progress in our great federal experiment #oti
tirms to me their soundness, indeed thoir ab
solute necessity. I cannot work out theaaf**
ty of the Union in their absence. That U#r
ion was designed, and is fitted, to be the best
and most permanent security, for as much of
combined freedom and happiness as societies
are permitted to enjoy, and it has always
seemed to me pot merely rash and irrational,
but grossly illogical, to disclaim oedoubt anj
of its essential springs of vitality. Union, in
its political sense, is the opposite of consoli
dation. The elements necessary to a bar*
idea of Union are antagonistic to those of a
consolidation; and yet, 1 cannot help thinking
that all the mistakes and mischiefs to which
we have been subjected, found an origin in th#
habitual tendency of many very able states
men to import from old consolidated empire#
their products of legislation and government,
and to fasten them upon the new Americas
condition of mere federal union. llow oftdli
do we hear and see the strictly deconstitu
tionalized term, nation, substituted for that
of Union! A substitution, plausible and
innocent in the sphere of our foreign rela
tions, but full of insinuating and ’ pernicious
encroachments wherever the domestic limits,
reservations and guaranties are involved. It
found no place in the structure framed by th#
Convention of 1787.
Were I not at this moment away front
borne, more in search of health than dispos
ed to labor, I should be tempted to note, from
Nangressional and executive record, some of
the errors apparently run into; both of reas
oning and of policy, under the seductive in
fluence of round language. No strongei 1 il
lustrations could be given of Miralieau’s as
sertion that ‘‘words are things,” (aye and fa
tally serious things, too,) than the extent to
which with such aids, the meaning of oaf
constitution, if not the nature of our govern
ment, has been affected. lam not so unjust
as to quettion the motivfcs of those who hav*
thus deviated; they must rather’ be regarded
as misled by a sort of ambitious patriotism*
so intently aiming to augment the greatness,
wealth and pow er of their country, as ungar
dedly to overlook the peculiar complication#
and nice adjustments of its political system*.
Asa people, we are generally calm and con
servative—perhaps more tamely so than i*
congenial with the spirit and anticipations of
tho constitution. There is one provision of
that instrument, which, more strongly than
any other, marks its practical wisdom, and yet
it is curious to see with what almost super
stitious dread we shrink from bringing it into
action. I refer to the power and process of
amendment. Our organic law was put in
writing, its delegations and restrictions of ju
risdiction were given express and visible cer
tainty; but as all human fabrics are confes
sedly imperfect, and should ever be adapta
ble to the times, the mode of peaceful change,
correction or addition, was prescribed with
equal exactness. Why is it that we endur#
years of dangerous agitation, unsettling our
sentiments as fellow-citizens, and winding
gradually up to a social convulsion, rather
than frankly resort to this proffered expedi
ent] Certainly, the constitution cannot be
touched with too much reverence; certainly,
what is usually stigmatized as “tinkering” at
it should be resolutely avoided; but when it
is plain that the proper occasion has arisen,
that nothing less solemn can be’ efficacious,
and that the very union it creates and cou
servates is at risk, why are we to recoil from
the provided sanctuary]
One of the authorized forms of amending
is unaccompanied by hazard of any kind—
that of Congressional reeomendation, to b#
followed by the approval of throe-fourths of
the local legislatures. Such a process seems
just now to be unpromising—but it may, af
ter candid and diffuse discussion, turn out
otherwise. Surely, the Union is valued* suffi
ciently to rally for its risk and renovation
24 of tho thirty-one States; or are we alrea
dy prepared to admit that the American peo
ple have become incapable of self-government
incapable of appreciating the true sources of
their wonderful progress, and incapable of
discarding the blind though boisterous guide#
ready to lead them, through disunion, into
mutual and rancerous jealousies, iu depend
ence on foreign guardianship, into civil and
servile wars, and unto the poor feuds of til
lage trades and tariffs? 1 think it always a
mistake to falter in reliance upon the shrewd
and sober judgment of the great body of our
fellow-citizens.
They were wise enough to discern tho un
tried excellence of the constitution; they wore
wise enough to amend, aye, and most udmira-
WaslnngtonT Madison, Franklin and tffnunl
ton. Arc they not wise enough, then, to ap
ply a single and simple cure for a disease
which after many years of latent torpor, has
suddenly alarmingly developed? With me
there is no doubt that if my countrymen be
given tho legitimate opportunity, they will
expressly and unqualifiedly prohibit, sooner
or later what I have heretofore humbly b •
lieved they had by strongest implication
already prohibited. They will prohibet from
being forced by the sophistries of zealots to
enact the part of consolidation; they will
place the constitutional canon, too palpably
for ineonstruction, against the self slaughter
of intermeddling with institutions and rights
exclusively ofState creation, State responsi
bility, and State control; they will render it
impossible, by any process short of treason
or revolution” to convert the confederacy into
the means of destroying the equality of its
own members, or to direct its energies to ful
fil the behests of some higher law starting up
like the cyultica of the minute, from the ever
ranging and inculcable phantasms of tho in
ner man.
I have dispassionately, but anxiously,
watched the manifest of political sentiment
in tho North and East, since the adjournment
of Congress and shall be most happy to find
my impresion dispelled in the future. At
first, the movements ot the masses were in
dependent of leadership, and gave a noble
earnestness to indicate their good faith, and
to maintain the institutions and harmony of
the Union; but, and I say it wi:h reluctai:e\
the honzon was not long permitted to remain
so flattering. The abolitionists beat again
their barbaric going; the love of ropn s mo
tive assemblages regular or casual, was again
taunting and vindictive; paltry and pir-nnni
ambition renewed the agitation by which
alone its hopes are fed; Vermont, Massac ha
sets, Ohio, New York, and even Pennsyva
nia, exhibited in successs.o 1 sad proof of that
their respective portions of the great whig
party were unwilling to forego the customs-