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electric fluid,
Pri'piiiTil liy X. \V. Sent, M. I>*
bvasuu* why it should bo used Insteadofany other troat
inmtt In all Febrile nffortions :
ll>—Keunimiy of Time.—As only <>’- e-r.dh
■ a l lie ordinary lime is requir'd to effort a cut".
l<l.->Kounoißy nf jHoiu y.-A’ it but ‘ no
foliar.
3rd.—Krimouiy ul it ra'i, the
iifloring of a long sickness and the continent tnut
inent: the nuiiovunce of taking liuuscatih,’ doses of
u*;<licine, their opcnitiou, fliid the tfsiiu ol
loti;; confinement; lutt little of tlio fluid liefng neie**ury,
nnd that pleasant in its effects.
Mil,— Krounui) of Tlionglil. when
known. It will remove all dread nnil anxiety at jttesont
vistin,'. respecting febrllonfleotfon*; particularly while
.< dearlriend I* sick.
Stlii-Kronomy of lleidtli.-.W the system
i> not reduced, and consequently rocked; nor Is the fever
abject lo lio followed hy ehronte disenm .
fit it. —Krannmyof Life.—As tliocnre4seffectod
I.elore and without reducing the patient, consequently
i . inoViiiK. in a corn spiuullng degree, nil (ilmy rof a fatal
termination.
ouier reasons on: ht Isi added, l*ut those are deemed
s ufficient'to satisfy all classes and persons in all coudi
t ions of life.
The above reasons are move pnrticnlarly applicable to
Die immediate treatment on the first attack, hut will
..pply with ispnit form to esses which have hsen subject
i dto or have heroine reduced, corresponding of eonrse
■ . the nature of the eroe at the (Inin If is iirst ailniinis
i ored. , _ ,
\s Ihi, reuieilv yiv-s prompt, effectual ami perma
nent reliel. In nil ordinary eases. when used soon after
the attack, persons can scarcely rculiro that they had
been rt allv much sick, and very naturally conclude th y
nor i not attacked w ith fever, and if so, “It was trifling
, little cold, which gave nlurm—it could Imvo heen
nothing of eonucquenoe—lt would have passed off with
out, anything that medicine Imd noeflect.” The general
impres'.ion on the sulifert of fever in such, that thought*
not unlike the above follow the euro of a eoinnmn ease
a. naturally as men think at nil: and it is not until
i he individual has witnessed mnny easesthaf heean fully
real lie I lie truth; and even then he may conclude them
all very t Itli'liK eases, which would have readily yielded
lo any simple medicine, yet. persons, though they have
lieen Ihus i.ilccesaful in perhaps hundreds of rases, must
e xpet that there wil eases occur wh re there is some
organic or ocnl cause so great as to require particular
attention, or though success ul in reducing the fever,
it will again rise as the influence of the “Fluid” passes
~ff. as the exciting cause may still exist. It is to guard
against disappointment in enen canes that I have given
mid frequently refer to what I have called a “symqsiis.”
Ike murks ou Fever* In General*
On this subject I wish lo he fully understood. Hy the
term “fevers,” I comprehend all febrile affections to
which the human frame is subject, including small pox
and other eruptive fevers; but us they arise hy a great
variety of causes, and in quite dissimilar constitutions
and habits, they of course differ considerably in their
development and exhibit a variety of forms or types;
ret nil areylistinguisheil by the same general character
istics—that o. undue excitement in the circulatory and
nervous systems—inducing more or less unnatural fre
quency in the pulse, sense of heat, dryness of file skin,
debility, &c.
To show that I am not wholly alone iu the opinion I
dvauee, 1 quote from the celebrated Prof. T. Watson,
~f King’s College, London, whose work on tlio “ Princi
pies and Practice of Physic” is a text book iu ninny of
our medical colleges, mid consequently standardauthority.
On pige 834, lienayg: -“Wo hear continually, both in
and mil of the profession, different species of fever spo
ken of. Hy tlio public, Typhus Fever, Drain Fever,
unions Fever, Putrid Fever, Low Fever, Nervous Fever,
etc. And systematic writers nro to the full us particular:
Mucous Fever, Ataxic, Adynamic, Oustro-Enterie, ami
o forth. Now, admitting that fever shows itself under
various forms, I am persuaded that the effect upon the
mind of all this sub-division, is bad and hurtful. It
encourages u disposition, already too prevalent, to pre
scribe for a disease according to its name. There is no
line of genuine distinction between continued fevers,
that can lie relied on. They run insensibly into each
ot her, even the most dissimilar of them, and are often
traceable to the same cause.”
The above is a great filet, one worthy of remembrance
and 1 would impress ou your minds the folly of burning
up or troubling you sell about a “ name;” if you have
lever, treat it at once us hereafter directed, and you
mill he. we.lt ustead of any distinetcharaoter being devel
oped, so as to he properly named hy tile most scientific.
This assertion Uno hypothesis tawed on closet specula
tions er visions of mind, hut on experience at the bed
side of tlie sick, in hundreds, aye, thousands of cases
(by myself and others) under a great variety of cir
cumstances, seasons and climates, ltuar this in mind,
and treat ut. ouco without regard to name, and rest
assn rod you will soon bo freed from all dread of linger
ing and dangerous fevers. Hut us cases may have be
come developed before the “ Fluid” is given, either hy
neglect, or under some other treatment, I will describe
as briefly as possible the proper course to be pursued in
ill of Hie most prominent fevers, though tlio “ Hub s”
and “ Synopsis’’ will bo amply sufficient for all those
accustomed to attendance upon the sick.
Hides important to be observed in all cast s in using the
Negative Electric Fluid.
Ist. It should be given iu three er lour times its own
quantity of water, and may be sweetened or not at
pleasure.
3d. Patients must be free from nil currents of air,
(though there should always bo free ventilation in tlio
sick, room.) nor attempt to go about while under its iu
ffuence.
3d. It must be continued whenever the fever subsides,
or is evidently passing off'; to he resumed when it
begins to rise again, shouldsuch bo the case under any
circumstances.
4th. When the fever begins to subside, patients must
lie left perfectly quiet; free from all excitement; should
not bo questioned ns to their wants or feelings, nor
attempt, to converse, read or take any exercise whatever,
till their own natural feelings, independent of all extra
neous influences, induce them to rise or speak; nor
should any conversation be allowed in their hearing, iu
which they may feel more or less interested, but be left
quic to all intents and purposes.
6tli. Fluids should bo allowed, while giving it ns
plentifully, and as long us the patient desires und no
longer; they may consist of cold water, mucilaginous
lemonade, any simple decoctions, er tens, either
. old or warm ns parties tuny prefer or patients desire.
dth. Should patients experience any oppression or
lainluess w bile in tlie lying jHisture, so as to occasion a
restlessness after the fever has passed off, or enough to
occasion them to speak of it, they should have a little
wine, toddy, camphor, hartshorn,’ lemonade with a little
pirlt. ginger, or some other stimulant; or the face and
tu-CHst may be bathed in cold water; either of which
will give immediate relict.
TABLK OF DOSES.
For children of one year or under, from 3 to 8 drops,
over l and under 3 years, “ 6to 16 “
“ 2 “ 6 “ l2 to 30 “
“ 6 “ 10 “ <• 30 to 60 “
” 8 “ IS half to a toaspoonflil.
All persons over fifteen considered as adults, for whom
a teaspoonful Is a common dose. Old persons do not
require as much ns young, or those in the prime of life;
nor females, as a general rule, as much as mules.
There is no particular care necessary in giving it to
children—those of ten years of age frequently liuving
taken lull doses; but for a little guide, I have given tlio
above tuble. w ith tile remark that, as a general rule,
hildron require more than adults in proportion.
By observing the above directions, the medicine will
tie found agreeable 111 all ol its effects, the expectations
el the must sanguine realized, and many perfectly
.Ktouishcd. My object In being tints particular is, that
the full benefit of the medicine may lie obtained, and
not oil account of any actual necessity of such strict ob
servances.
Hiltons or Remittent Fever,
tlive a teusjionful of “ Fluid” (see rule lstt once in
two hours, t.ll tlio fever is evidently passing off; this
constitutes the whole treatment in nil simple eases of
lever, with such observances as nro set forth iu the
” Holes.” Hut should there lie prominent local symp
toms, or known local existing causes, they should tie
attended to at once, and while giving the •• Fluid.”
See Synopsis.
win any easel h weU, are particularly constipated
in- confined, give a liartie (see auxiliaries) with the
first portion ; they i ist be opened or tin* fever may rise
again.
Where the fever is very high, pulse running 110 or
upwards, and the patient is not particularly susceptible
to the influence of medicine—not easily operated on by
medicine generally—a double dose, or two teaspoonsful
may be given at iirst with advantage, and even repeated
111 two hours—if it—the pulse—has not been softened,
thus showing tin’ medicine Inis taken effect.
tlathing the surface with water at an agreeable
temperature, the saline wash, vinegar or spirits and
water, In those difficult eases, w ill afford relief and aid
‘he medicine much in taking effect.
Cougcstlvr Fever.
Dive two teaspoonsful nnd repeat every two hours till
ihe pulse becomes more full nud soft, then only a tea*
spoonful, to be discontinued ns the fever subside). As
ihe bowels are generally eonllned. ami it is frequently
very difficult to get medicine to operate in this disease,
no time should In* lost to got them open, give some active
• sthartie with the “ Fluid” and repeat as uiav lie neces
sary till it operates; enemas (injections) uiay also be
used to advantage; also, mustard to the extremities, or
friction (rubbing) with tlio hands or flannel; also, cold
applications to the head. Quinine may be added to the
“ Fluid” if thought advisable. Fee Synopsis.
Nervous Fever, Typhus, Ship mid Putrid
or Spotted Fever.
As those fevers are nil of one character, differing
unduly m degree, being all of a l„ w grade, the pulse
with a general grew deproodon, there is
u, ,° in separating them— nt least so far as
,o tr *'a ,m ;’ , >> > concerned. In these low fevers, w hen
lully developed, a little patience will be required “tin *
thifcommln t Ut 'e. as they frequently run weeks under
v Hi r r Uucnt - while witii this but a few days
*onvalecenciT* r ’ permanent
n 1 BhoulJ be may
rjTu u 7, or ’Fln,7.° ther _ii hOUt Jotrlttl snt—w ith
a teaspoouiul o! Fluid” everiflfcp hours, till the pulse
become- fuller or la.ger in vgfmriMklien to bo continued
ir In si* or eight honrsivtqMLeitirely subside.
1 in t.:id case;., from three to five grains each of ‘/ntnine
and capsicum (Cayenne |ieppr)f <>r some tonic ajid stimu
lant (sc** auxiliaries) should be added to each dose. The
Isnveis should he kept gently open, and small portions
of entile hepatic should bo given occasionally, own
though the bowels should be very loose. Tlio patient
eb.ml if be. sustain..! by nourishing and lii.icilagenous
drink—-lUeli u. are in common use .in such turn. —
VVli. re Dieskiu in i< ry dry, sponging tin- surface as <li
roctcd in billon- fever, will !• found advantageous.
Toni. - rilioiikl bo used during convalescence, iu nil cases
w hich Jun o become reduced.
Pneumonia, Typhoid Pneumonia, Luug
or Winter Fever.
•jive a icanpoonlul of the -Fluid” every two hours,
will: a wine-glassful ofa strong decoction of hunt -> t; or
half tbo quantity may lie giveu every hour till relieved,
then, nt longer intervals, say once in six or eight hours.
The boueoet tea should be given warm till tho violent
symptoms me allayed, or the patient is relieved; then
cold; fomentations, mustard plaster, “V sotnothiug of
the kind, to bo applied over the seat <4 isiin; keep, tin.
bowels gently open.
Variola, Varioloid, Kubeolu and gcarla-
Itua; or Small Pox, Varioloid, Mtasles,
nnd Scarlet Fever.
A;, all of thco diieamt* are attended with fever, Which
in fact i’ Ilia most prominent symptom, tlio treatment
differs hue little from that of common fevers. Itomembcr
never wait to learn tlio “mono,” w hether it is one or tho
other, or neither, us they all Commence with Ji vn-, hut
treat it at once; govern the lever und there will ln‘ no
tremble; there will be hut little eruption even in small
pox. This, to most min.ls, is anew idea, and doubtless
wijl ho regarded with ridicule by many. I nevertheless
boldly make life assertion, that small pox, if treated as
I direct, will be eld, short; attended with but little erup
tion; little or no pitting, and that there in no nens.nlg of
its running its ordinary course. On this I will stake
not only my t.qmtatton, lint a I Hint 1 hold most dear:
besides, on this subject, 1 have good authority; that of
Prof. W atson previously quoted, lie says, page 874:
“Veil may abate tlio force of tho eruptive lever, and
keep down, it is believed, the number oj llie pustules by
spline purges, Ac.” I sere is the admission tnnt it'may
lie done, i nave not only proven it maybe, but has
been done in numerous eases that occurred on hoard
ship. Hee the account appended.
(Jive a teaspoonful or more, according to the urgency
of the case, with a dose of salts or castor oil; repeat Die
Fluid unco in two hours if necessary, until the fever sub
sides —though one or two doses is genera ly sufficient;
but it should he given and repeated sufficiently to keep
the liver under control. When tlie throat is affected,
any of the ordinary gargles may la- used, and the
surface bathed, as thought advisable.
In one case, oil the ship Duchess d'Drleans. tlie tongue
and faucu* wore so much swollen that tlie patient could
not swallow or speak, and lie was cured by dropping tlie
Fluid on his tongue, drop by drop, till he could swallow,
when it was given in teaspoonful doses every hour, till
all alarming symptoms disappeared. The swelling of
tlio throat was reduced so as to enable him lo take nour
ishment in alum twelve hours by the Fluid alone.—
Used to Wet the throat frequently, it is doubtless the
best gargle, in all such cases.
Puerperal or Cliildfbed Fever.
This heretofore painful, dangerous and alarming
malady to which tlio mother is liable, will yield to the
Negative Electric Fluid with such readiness, as lo seem
to lie of little consequence. A single dose or two of a
teasiKionful. almost invariably giving entire und per
manent relief; no alarm need bo entertained, ns the
Fluid will arrest it in a short time. It should lie re
peated as long as tlie fvcr continues, as in other cases.
The bowels of course should he attended to.
In connection with this subject, I cannot refrain from
limiting n few general remarks, which, if regarded by
the ladies, will save them much pain and suffering, it
is to inform them of the happy effect of tlie Fluid in
many of their trials, in child-birth, its relaxing and
soothing effect deprives the labor of much of its pains
and difficulties; it must bo tried to be appreciated.—
Painful menstruation will be relieved ut unco by a com
mon dose and retiring. Kcstlessness, nervous irritability,
ora cold token at a delicate time, is easily relieved by
its use; in short, it is one of the most convenient anil
effectual remedies for many of tlie ills of females, if not
tlie most so of any medicine known. Its effect is uniform,
relaxing the whole system, removing all excitability
nnd lritability of tho nervous as well as tlie circulatory:
It will not force sleep like opiates, but it will sooth and
quiet tlio system so that one can sleep naturally anil
healthy: hence its use iu so many eases.
Synopsis.
To avoid constant repetition, and condense tin; treat
ment ns much as ixissihle, 1 give under this head general
directions for all eases. As the Negative Electric Fluid
will change tho condition called lever, or subduo and
control it under all circumstances, without regard to Die
name it may be or ought to lie called, it should be given
wherever or whenever it exists; yet it cannot lie ex
pected to control all organic or local causes, which,
when such exist, must lie removed in order to effect a
permanent cure.
Whon such indications occur in any case, they should
bo appropriate means, and these soluikl bo given while
giving tho “ Fluid,” and in connection witii it, when
occasion requires, as they will then more readily act,
producing more general effect, besides no unnecessary
lime will then be lost As the ‘, Fluid” alone will sub
due tlie fever. I cull all else auxiliary treatment.
If tlie bowels nro costive, give a cathartic (see auxili
aries) with tlie tirst dose, or soon after, amt should it
fail to operate in due time, repeat tlie dose: if attended
with diarrhoea, give something known to be good for
that complaint, though if caused by irritability, the
“Fluid” will soon relievo that condition; if severe local
pain or inflammation, apply some stimulating liniment,
a mustard plaster, a blister, fomentations of bitter herbs,
or, perhaps, cloths wet. in cold water, to tho part; if
violent pain in tlie head, apply cold water, ice water,
if convenient, or some cooling application, and bathe
Dm feet in hot water; if tlie fever is very high, skin
dry nud hot, with great suffering, sponge or bathe Die
whole surface with water at an agreeable temperature;
“the saline wash,” vinegar ainl water or spirits and
water, either will afford great relief and aid the medi
cine in taking effect, after which there will be no trou
ble ; if tlie patient lias been reduced or is much prostra
ted, give tonics and stimulants, particularly in low
fevers, in absence of fever or when indicated: also,
during convalescence, when the patient lias become re
duced ; if there is nausea ami vomiting, that must be
allayed before any medicine will remain on tho stomach
to do any good; for this purpose 1 generally give some
gentle emetic to cleanse the stomach; warm water, if
given plentifully, will answer every purpose; when the
stomach lias settled, give tlio “ Fluid” and a cathartic if
necessary; iu short, trout all tlie prominent symptoms
as you would under any other circumstances, giving the
“Fluid” at the sumo time as directed, and success will
crown your efforts; indeed,you eanuot realize it till you
have seen, and thou you will lie astonished at tlie ease
with which you can control all febrile excitement.
Auxiliaries.
Parties may feel at a loss to know what is meant by
cathartics, Ac., us physicians are usually particular
about what is used. 1 have found no such necessity
when using tlie Fluid, and to be fully understood by
all, I will name a lew of tho different articles of medi
cine 1 hnvo referred to, viz:—
Cathartics.—Articles that.purge or operate on the
bowel*. Kill'll ns castor oil, salts, setuiu, any of tho roots
or barks, and many pills, nntibilions, Ac.: anything
known to be good for such purposes.
Hr pat lcg —Anything known to act on the liver
particularly, portal circulation nud secretions generally.
Any of the articles depended on by the different schools
for this purpose, will answer when used in connection
witii the “Fluid” or while the system is under its in
tllienee. And one may choose calomel—another, blue
mass—the third, podophyllin—the fourth, mandrake
root, and so on; each may take Ids choice and he suc
cessful.
Tonies.—Articles that give tone or strength, such
us quinine, various harks, roots and bitter herbs. Bone
soi or thoroughwort is oue of the best used in fevers
Astringents.—Such as check tlie action of the
bowels. Laudanum and other preparations of opium are
used; ulsp, many mixtures, not properly astringents
which have the effect.
Stimulantn.—Article* that raise or excite tlio
system. Capsicum (Cayenne popper) is one of the best;
giuger. spirits, hartshorn, Ac., the essences tire all mort j
or less stimulating. These are the only classes necessa
ry in treating fevers, though many others are genetallv
uscl. but the Negative Fleet lie Fluid is a bet'er •• dia
phoretic,'’ - anodyne, “diuretic. ‘’ •• relaxant “ and
“sedative” than known in tlio materia medico.
i shall not tax the reader with a long list of proofs
depending mainly ou Die results of a trial, and will
only refer to oue instance of success, that on the
Packet ship Duclicss lJ'Orlcaus.
which cannot be classed among ordinary certificates ■
M'e. tlie undersigned, certify to the’ following, viz—
We took passage on tlie pneketship Duchess d'Orleitns
Oupt Hutton, tlien lying in the port of Havre, France’
ami bound tor New York. Slip sailed on the Dth of Au
gust, ISOI, witii over a hundred souls on board, mostly
emigrants. A few days after leaving Havre, the small
pox broke out among the emigrants. They were all
treated by the physician in charge. Dr. N. W. goat, witii
anew remedy of his own, which lie calls Negative Elec
trio Fluid, with which he teemed to have entire control
over the disease, arresting it in a few hours, and curin'”
in a very short time.
During tho voyage, which lasted Diirtv-nino days,
there were about eighty cases of small pox. some fever,
Ac., and not a single death. All were cured with unu
sual promptness.
From what we saw during said passage, wo are fully
convinced that the medicine used by Dr. .Seat on tlie oc
casion, possesses inestimable virtues. We never before
heard or read of febrile affections being controlled witii
so muah ease, promptness and certainty, or so little
trouble to the uurse. A crowded ship, a long passage
small box aud fever on board, ami not a death: The’
filet speaks for itself,
yifcned.
f !;• p - Vmisu - 84 I’earl street. New York.
K. (I. FaiKl. >< • .. ,
;!,• A- DrXoßM.vxtiv, Heaver county, Penu.
I. A. DeNorm.vnpy, East Liverpool, Ohio.
„„ , . . , Cabin Passengers.
Tlie above statement is correct.
W. S. lli’iiox, Commander.
Wxt. Marstox. First Mate.
New York, Aug.. 1862.
. . N. IV. Seat. M. l>.
•ip Address orders to
O. W WESTBROOK, N, Y. City, ]
Now Principle ! NcwKemedy! No Poison!
Rhodes’ Fever and Ague Cure ;
(lit Antidote to M/.lakia;
I’Oli JUK PUEVENTiOS AA D CURE
<H Fever and Ague, or Chill Fever; Dumb Ague, and
ether Intermittent Mid Remittent Fevers; also of
Bilious l’overs, accompanied by Typhoid Symp
lons ; Typhoid Fever. Yellow Fever, chip
and Jail Fever, General Debility, Night
Nwuatn. aud ail other forlns of disease
WHICH HAVE A COMMON OBIUIN Hi
a-XXa PV is. Iyv OK
r | ‘HEBE diseases arc common to many localities of tbo
JL 1 nited i talcs; but wherever they prevail, North,
! South, Fast or West, they all equally spring liuni the
i same luia.-mal euuso. Tho great variety of symptoms und
forms of hi ase U owing principally to difference in age,
I sex, con.,titutiou and habits of itie sufferers; but us the
cause is the same, they w ill -nil equally yield to a remedy
that is competent to overcome or remove that cause.
liy tlie laws of Nature, every principle bus its opposite,
and for every disease, or cause of disease, there is a re
agent, ea in other words a spociiic: remedy. AH Malaria,
whether arising from Marshes, stagnant water, decompo
sition of uuimui aud vegetable matter, or Oven newly
cleared lauds, is the sanui ill character and effect; is a poi
son floating in tho atmoiqdiere, causing disease to all w ho
breullio il. in accordance witii those iiiitilieral.de laws
governing the unerring affinity subsisting between op
positos. there is in the preparation before us f offered to
Die public,
Tlie Natural Antidote lo Malaria,
which neutralizes the poison whenever it conns in cop
tact w ith it, oven in the open air. and when taken inter
nally completely purifies the system affected by ir of its
baneful influence, and thus restores and preserves
health.
‘file remedy is believed to be entirely new, aud uu
known to any but tlie proprietor, who distinctly claims
tlie following extraordinary results from its use:
It will instantly check the ague in persons who have
snivel ed for any length of time, from one day to twenty
years, and by continuing its use. according to the direc
tions, a radical euro will be effected: the patient contin
uing free from the complaint lor ever; unless subsequent
exposure to malaria should mak” its use again necessary.
In its operation upon the poison in tho system, it will
immediately relieve all the distressing symptoms of bil
ious or ague diseases, and wlien the liisease is cured, it
will entirely prevent the accession of
General llelvillly nnd Night Sweats,
which so often follow the administration of other niede
cines. The patient at once begins to roever appetite
and strength, and continues to improve until restored to
perfect health.
Hy its use Fever and Ague may he banished from
every family and class in tho community; farmers, me
chanics, and all laboring people maybe using tins arti
cle as a
Preventive,
And pursue their respective avocations iu perfect safety
from ague or bilious attacks during the sickly season,
which is often to thorn the most valuable part of (lie
year.
Since the introduction of tho CL'RK iu every part of
the United States, its success lias been so complete and
unvarying as to have fully proved these assertions in
favor of its extraordinary merit.
When these declarations were made ut Dio date of its
introduction, they seemed incredible to many, even of
Die most candid minds, because all .lie resources of
science had been taxed in vain to subdue ague or bilious
diseases; and what was still worse for ague sufferers,
all their remedies or treatment, whether scientific or
empirical, have been limited to poisonous or destructive
dings, such ns Arsenic, Quinine, Mercury, Salieine. &<:.
The effects of these are sometimes worse than the disease
they subdue, and when such remedies fail, or give only
temporary relief, their poisonous effects are snperaddeil
to tlie poor sufferer’s first complaint.
On this account ague sufferers should bo particularly
careful about using any secret Fever and Ague remedies,
notwithstanding tlio makers of them uniformly assert
they may be taken with perfect safety, even when it is
notoriously well known Dint their potency depends
solely upon destructive poisons.
Now, as a proof that the Remedy is not only valuable
ou account of its power to cure diseases, but’ that it is
also
Worthy of Public Confidence,
Because of its
Singular ainl Entire Ilnrmlessness,
Tlio lollowing certificate from one of tlie most celebrated
chemists in the United States lias been obtained, and a
copy of it is attached to eveiy bottle :
New Yoiik, June 11, 1855.
“I have made a chemical examination of Rhodes’ Fever
and Ague Cure, or Antidote to Malaria, aud have tested
it fur Arsenic, Mercury, Quinine and Strychnine, but
have not found a particle of either in it, nor have I found
any substance in its composition that would prove inju
rious to tlio constitution.
“JAMES K. CHILTON, M. 1).. Chemist.”
It is a stubborn fitet, therefore, that this Remedy is
destined not only to relievo the human family from
malarious diseases, but to do an equally good w'ork by
preventing Die taking of other medicines which do harm.
The entire absence of any baneful ingredient makes
this Komouy not more valuable ns a Cure, than it is as a
preventive.
No class of disease is so easily managed as tho one
under consideration, if the medicine be taken in advance.
This is owing to tlie diseases being produced by one and
the same cause, and therefore all, both residents and
travelers, should protect themselves by the timely use
of this preventive, and not wait for tlie poison already
lurking in their veins, to develop itself in a violent
attack. Take the Cure as a preventive, and so destroy
tlie poison before it does harm.
Full directions and advice as to diet and habits of life
prepared by a distinguished Physician long resident in
a Bilious climate now accompany each bottle.
It will often bo found necessary to precede this medi
ciue by a mild cathartic or antibilious purgative. The
very best thing for general use is a moderate doso jof
Castor Oil, tlie object of which is to cleanse tlio stomach
and free tlie biliary passages. Remember that where
this is necessary, or (hero is oostiveness. it must re taken
or the operation of tlio antidote will be seriously ob
structed.
Only Caution.—ln certain specified eases, pour
the contents of one or more bottles of Die Cure into
shallow vessels, (dining plates,, and place them in
sleeping rooms; for the vapor rising ffom the medicine,
and also the air wafted across, or circulated over tlie
dregs of it, after tlie liquid is evaporated, will counteract
aud estroy, to a deg.co commensurate with its expo
sure, tho miasmata or poison contained in the apartment.
This mode of exhibiting tho Cure should likewise be
resorted to when very young infants are exposed to
malarious situations.
Tlie bottles in which this medicine is put up have the
words, “Rhodes’ Fever and Ague Cure” blown iu the
glass, and on tlie outside wrapper is the name of the
medicine, (the copyright of which is secured) and the
signature of the proprietor. These precautions are
taken to prevent counterfeits and imitations.
The reliance for its success is entirely upon its
actual MERITS, wlierevcr introduced and used. These
will be considered sufficient.
Prepared and sold by the propriolor,
JAMES A. RHODES, Providence, R. I.
For sale in Columbus bv
KfVLIN. THOMAS & CO..
February 10, 1860, ly Druggists.
A SOUTHERN JM.M KDV.
filnile lay Prof. O. O. Woodman.
New Orleans, Louisiana.
J. S. PEMBERTON & CO..
H AVE received the appointment from the propriefbr
for the sole agency of
Woodman’s Cherry Expectorant,
the medicine that has created such an excitement at the
North nnioug tlio Physicians, and lias been pronounced
by all who have used it as being far superior to uuv
Cherry Pectoral. Woodman’s Cherry Expectorant con
tains the active medical qualities of the Yellow Jesamine
Die pure decoction of Wild Cherry Bark, and mam other
valuable ingredients that render it far better t him anv
other Cough Medicine in tlii.s country.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
New Orleans. April 0. 1565.
Deal Sir—The public generally are fully aware ol ,'he
thousands ol remodiesfor Diseased Lungs, under tlie titles
of Surti|mrilhis, Pills. Plasters. Liniments. Ac., that are
daily brought to their notice through the newspapers by
i way of advertisements. My object in writing this note
tor publication, is to induce the public, or at least those
who are afflicted, to use one that contains articles of
Heal Cse in Pulmonary Discuses. lam conscious that in
so doing. 1 am acting most unprofessionnlly.tiiid dero"a
torily to the interests of Medical Science nud tlie regufar
Practitioners of Medicine. 1 refer to Woodman’s Clicitv
Expectorant, which is a scientific remedy that 1 have
used with more success than any of the usual prescrip
tions used hy Physicians.
J. M. Maitland. M. and.
Gallatin. Miss.. May 1. 1865.
o. o. Woodman—Dear Sir; l have given voui Chcriv
Expectorant a fair trial and urn well pleased with its ei'.
facts; better than any ether article 1 ever met with. I
would be pleased to have you send me half a dozen ixit
ties by the benrer. Respectfully.
IV. M. Mason, M. D.
This preparation bus attained a wide celebrity from I
the universal success which lias attended its use. For
coughs, colds, and In fact, any pulmonary complaints,
this medicine, from its peculiar properties as a dissolvi nt
and its soothiug power to all irritations of the throat l
will probably lie preferred to any other offered to the I
public. As an appetizer, or dyspeptic remedy, it will 1
also he found excellent, its natural and genial warmth |
keeping the digestivp powers in proper tone.
Remember that this is tlie only Cough Medicine that
lias stood the test of the medical fraternity. It is sane
tinned by. approved of. and recommended by tho leading
Physicians of New York city. Every bottle is warranted
to give satisfaction or the money refunded. We gnaran- !
toon to be better than any Cherrv Pectoral. Cod Liv, r i
Oil, or anything else now extant ‘
ASr-Priee —One’ Dollar a Bottle.
J. S. PEMBERTON A CO., Columbus. 0..
February 6. Only agent* for this county.
GREAT TRIUMPHS
AND
UNPARALLELED SUCCESS OF
RHODES’ FEVER AND AGUE CURE,
oil
ANTIDOTE TO MALARIA:
oquaH “ ertuiu as a Preventive or Cure.
NO POISON. PROOFS l
See w hat tie President of lilt- Pharmaceutical Society
] of Missouri, says of Rhodes’ Fever and Ague Cure, orAu*
i tidote to Malaria :
, Si. Louis. Mo.. Nov. 10, 1855.
I I AVI NO noticed tlie certificate of chemical analysis
II given by (lie celebrated chemist Dr. J. K. Chilton,
of New York city, in fuvei of Rhodes’ Fever and Ague
Cure, that it contained neitiier Quinine. Arsenic, Mer
curp nor Strychnin#, and having received numerous ap
plications for il, I was induced to send to Dr. Rhodes
lor tlie medic lie. Since then 1 have disposed of a large
quantity, mostly to residents ofJhiseity, who have invn
. riably been cured by it, and to whom 1 cau refer. lam,
I therefore, satisfied in recommending it to lie all that
the proprietor represents.
EDWARD S. WHEATON.
Hrc.-l't of Pharmaceutical Society of Missouri.
Had tlie Ague for Twelve Years 1
Providence, June 2!>. 1855.
Having been informed of the illness of a poor, but
I worthy Woman, who lias not been fro e from Fever and
Ague ii month at a time for the last twelve years, I sup
plied her gratuitously with Rhodes’ Fever and Ague
Cure. She took in all four bottles which completely re
stored her to health and strength, and as four months
ha'-e now elapsed, there is no reason to doubt tlio perma
nent y of Die cin e.
C. A. P. MA.SOF. Apothecary.
5 0 Bottles Perform ID Cures.
Constantine. Mich., Sept. 34th. 1855.
James A. K.iodes, Esq.—Dear ,sir:—I have just sent
an order to At u-s & Holiday for another half gross of
yonrFeverand Ague Cure, it lias sold like 11 llotCakes,”
and 1 have oi.iy two bottles ou hand. One reason it
has sold, is because when 1 have heard of a case of Ague
or Chill Fever, 1 have sent a bottle and told them to try
it, and if il did not help them, they were not obliged to
pny for it. and they were all satisfied, t had one case
of Chill Fever where it run four days, hut tho man came
to see me on the sixth day well satisfied.
Truly yours, JOHN P. GI,ADDING.
21 Buttles Perform 31 Cures.
Moline, 111., Sept. 24, 1855.
Ain. James A. Rhodes—Dear Sir —The box of “Ague
Cure” you sent us has all been sold and created a large
dfimand for more; to meet which we have ordered
from your general agent at Chicago, J. D. Yerrington.
Its sale will inly be equalled by the number of Fever
and Ague cases. Hoping these cases may be few, yet
have a bottle for every case.
We remain respectfully yom s,
RICHARDS & ALLEN.
19 Bottles Perform 19 Cures.
LETTER FROM A POSTMASTER.
M vxv ell. Delaware Cos.. Ohio, Aug. 13.1855.
Mi . J, A. Rhodes—Dear Sir —Your modiciue lias met
with the most favorable success in this neighborhood. I
have about five bottles loft. I give it to them at first.
‘jf no cure no pay.’ although 1 was not authorized by
you to do so; hut £ took tlio responsibility on myself.—
Bui not a bottle lias come back, and as 1 am almost out
of the article ■ wish you would forward me one gross of
the bottles, if you sort proper to do so, and I will be
punctual in payment. 1 inclose fifteen dollars on the
medicine 1 have received, for which please, send me a
receipt. Ship tlie eure*to me as soon as you cau —there
never lias lie: u as much Chilis and Fever since I lived in
the State, ns at present. Yours, Ac.,
RICHARD MARTIN, P. M.
21 Bottles Perform 21 Cures.
Pine Run, Mich., July 21, 1555.
J)r.. J. A. Rhodes —Dear Sir —Your Cure for the Fever
ami Ague has thus far performed wonders, It has not
failed in one instance to effect a quick and permanent
cuve. Some who have heen troubled with tlie distress
ing disease have been entirely cured by using only one
bottle of the Cure. Please send u* immediately four
dozen, as we have but three bottles remaining.
Truly yours, LATIIROP & MCLEAN.
Cure of Panama Fever.
Providence, Sept. 22, 1855.
Mr. .Tames A. Rhodes—Having been entirely cured
by your remedy, I take pleasure in assuring you of
tii'i cenefit ii lias been to me. I was first attacked by
chills and.fever on tho Isthmus of Panama, several
months since, and in spite of the different remedies
aud treatment I adopted, my health grew worse until
I commenced tie use of your Fever and Ague Cure. —
Since that time I have not had a single chill, and am
now in theeujoyment of good health.
. Wishing y ur m *dicine the success that it merits,
T remain truly yours,
THOMAS G. ANDREWS.
1. O. O. F.
in another ( olumn of to-day's paper will be found an
advertisement: for “Rhodes’ Fever and Ague Cure.”
Wo are not in the habit of puffing medicines, blit desire
to say, for the benefit of the afflicted, that Wm. N.
Rowe. Merchant, Sharpsburg, who has it for sale, in
forms us that ho sold several dozen bottles, and in
every rase it Ims effected a cure. This proves the medi
cine to be goo I. and we take pleasure in bringing it
before the notice of the public. —Odd Fellow. Boemsbnrn,
ML Sept. 4.
Evidence from a Clergy man.
Plv.W ‘1 nt, Rielilai and Cos.. Ohio, Sept. 25,1865.
Mr. J. A. Rhodes, —Dear Sir-—I cheerfully testify to
the value of ymr Antidote lo Malaria. One young lady
in the family of a. clergyman here has been taking an
“ Mi UK CAi -AM” for some months without any per
manent benefit —a few days since slio got a bottle of
the Olivo and .ins not hud u chill since. A young loan
also used tin same Balsam some time without relief
until lie got a bottle of your Cure. So far it works like
a charm. Yours truly,
Rev. A. C. DUBOIS.
Unsolicited Evidence from a Physician.
Monttcello, link. Ang. 27, 1855.
J. A. Riion -—Dear Sir—l have been in the practice
of Medicine lure for about three years, nud can con
scientiously recommend your medicine. Laving used it
myself and prescribed il iu a number of instances with
perfect Respectfully yours,
’ ‘ W. U. SPENCER.
Louik’ ille No. 11. C. R. 11., (la., Jan. 1, ISSU.
Your Ague Cure lias overcome all prejudices by its
merits, nnd g.veu satisfaction. A gentleman just called
who has been fully cured by only one bottle, nnd de
sired me to recommend it to everybody. I shall do all I
can in its sale. “ ‘\V. A.tIAYLES.
If any body desires further evidences, they will find
it in every Lottie of tlio CURE, which is being intro
duced as rapidly as possible in o every town anil village
i in tlie United States, Canadas, &c. The eminent chem
ist. l)r. J. R.Chilton, of New York, certifies to its per
iod innocent■ . it is therefore optional with all to have
the Fever suit. Ague or not, just as they please.
1 cun also say that a great many of my largest custo
mers are thus 1 who a year ago were reluctant even to
take the Cure on commission. They thought its great
claims nnd pr. tensions could not be realised.’ Now thev
endorse them all, and it will be noticed that tlie letters
ot which I pu dish su it immense quantities are always
new and lute dates—altogether they would more than
fillany news aper. and prove tlie fact of a greater suc
cess and sale ; ban ever attended any other Ague Remedy.
The Crowning'Glory
of the Cure is its HARMLESS CHARACTER, which
allows its treo use as a preventive. Thus protected b.v
using a bottle or two during the warm and sickly sea
sons, not a di m woman or child in Die United States
would ever nve a single attack of Fever and Ague.
Bilious or 5< .low Fever, or anv form of disease arising
from the atmospheric poison ‘Malaria, to which Hie
Cure is a per . ct antidote.
it is also i lequnlled for quick aud permanent efforts
as a Restora ive. giving new life and strength to all
whose roust it itinns have been shattered or weakened by
Ague or Dili > is diseases, night sweats, languor and rte-
D'lltj ornny kind of intemperance or dissipation.
.JAM El. A. RHODES, Proprietor Providence, li. l.
And for sale by KIVT.TN, THOMAS ,( Cos. Columbus.
Ga.. only ag, ids.
Kivliu, l’li v.nas AVo, are Distributing Agents for tho
proprietor*. Denier* buying of K.. T. .( (Jo. will save
all expenses o 1 the Cure, as Kivliu, Thomas A To. sell at
tho very low ost. prices.
JAMES M. CLOUGH,
Agent at Cph&npee, Ala.
DAN FORTH <Sj NAGEL
Mill supply Physicians with the
NEGAI IVE ELECTRIC FLUID,
„ Prepared only bv
M. YV. SEAT, PI. 11., \, w York,
Rein an Original Discovery, involviniu
M’-W PJiINCIPLE’
JO which th* ti*> positive ol’ tlie system called
rever, is ckin.jted to the normal or healthv state directly
and without ss ot vitality.
KF.nOVAL.
HOTCHKISS. FENNER & BENNETT,
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
Importers and Jobbers of
DR AN DIES. WINES.
Also, agent* and denial* in
Virginia Alnnnfacturetl Tobacco aml Hnviuiti
CIGtAKS,
Have remoi. dto No. 10 VeSev Street. rear ~f Die \*tor
House, NEV YORK.
New York. January t. ISSG.
KIVLUV. THOMAS & C O.
HAVE ordered from New York a fall supply of tlie
most e \ raordinary medicine of the age,
Dr. N. W. Seat’s Negative Electric Fluid, j
They will bo iu receipt of five gross ou tho 10th instant
Physicians are requested to call carle
February 5
AUCTION Jt COMMISSI l SBrsiW^B
r l HIE nmlersigiieiUiavingpurcha theint ~
X Austin, in ihe firm of Harris.. Aiisn,!T\,
will continue the ,m 4 sl ’
Anetln, Commission, N< ~0 u 1 I
ml Forwarding ’ nstness/’
under the name and vie of ‘ TANARUS!
I£ii.K.U.ISON a> : GrEtl
At the old stand, Nos. 59 aud - 1
aud pledge thonir-lveH to a prompt ,and faiti.f.'i .
to all (sisincss committed to tkeir e , r ... m j .
tiieir personal attention to the sale :
Negroer Merchandize, ntul Prod,.
Having ample facilities at coinm.uNl.
to make Liberal Advances on Negi xu
of every description. ‘ lcrcllj W**
attention given u ■
Executors’sales. CHARI ss Hot/>
October JO. 1855. ]y ALLEN MdIEHEB®
to. 11. THOMPSON IN CO.
143 Broad Street, Colun -us Gen,. J
Wholesale ami Retat Dealer
i WOKING STOVES of all sizes : ~l various
V..’ patterns: FORCE and LIFT!> . l'l’Mps HMfl
1 end Pipe, ffollow Ware, llrittiuiia ,nl i'lnn
Hied Wares. Ciuh'ry. and House ‘
(Piods generally, and manufacturer if ‘ j
TIN AND SHEET IRf.y w \llr ■
January 20. ly | j
C.VDEMIEAU PLOIV STOCK H
‘IHHS I’h.w Slock, invented j
1 W. .t J. J. ( mil ahead of Macon
comity. Alabama, and patented in j
March last, i.s pronounced by FarnienMdlSF®
to be superior tunny Plow Stock e\. rbrought
public, for steadiness of running. - a|n-rioi-itv q
meat of draught, and simplicity end ceumnuv
at ruction, ft is entirely of wroum.t lien
ninde in weight from 18 to 25 lbs.', according to
vice intended for, it is adapt oil to anv kind
used fur plowing, from the turning to tlie's:
Tlie undersigned is the owner of the right for i
county. Alabama. Smiths in sain counu
Shop rights to manufacture and .sell in tiieir i*
neighborhoods. 1 will also digpofc of the right ■ “'*■
ufacturo and use, to Planters having their uu Ml qß
tiou smiths. Price—one dollar for each Stock *
Tlie stock is so simple aud easy . f construct j,, ..HI
good Smith con easily put up 3 pci Jay. 111 4
Address THOMAS DK u,,il |
May 13. 1850. Coluiiihr H
4/ffi'Tho Spirit of tlie South. Kuianla, amt the V'. ‘*’■
at Qlnyton. will each copy one month. “’ll
STEWART, GRAY & co„ 1
tpAKE this method of notifying their fri, mb
1 turners that they have solil tin ii Stock
to Messrs.
f-FU. F't a—* JCt y Jt- JkrC Ait AH. cU rt/e. C2C> |fl
who will in future conduct then business nt ~'U
stand, and will always be prepan . to furuigii'ev. nH
crjption of Goods in tlie (
GROCERY LINE,II
on tlie most favorable terms to th r customers a'-i
id'oar friends anil former patrons. We take “Vr'e
sure iu soliciting a share of patrol ii .r f or their
commending Diem as in every wa; reliuMe. “J
Wc sliall still continue tlie ‘
YVarcliowsc ami Coimni sim
at the samn stand.
Thankful for past favors, w c sin 1 :„w gin
vided attention to the COTTON n i
SIN ESS. and will spare no painsc ] ;i,or to gives.,* 19
tion to all who may favor us with In ir patrouiu
Columbus, Gq., May 10, ISSG. in ■
pa, COOKING, OFFICE, ,11
Jlljk AND PABLOE If OVES.ISd-M
TIN •Y.Y7'jtY3?s.iE:.
HOUSE EUiINISIIINI GOODS,
A latge assortment always on hand, anil for
fair prices. Roofing, Guttering, an 1 Job Work in
promptly attended to and warrav. i:t>. ’
Store on Randolph street, oppo-ite the PostOffirt^W
ii. M. Al.bWOltrHi
Columbus, Sept. 17.1855. denial
FASHIONABLE ÜBIaS MAKErH
MISS M. E. SEYMOUR respe..'if.illy informs
dies of Columbus, that she is engaged in
ness of Dress-making, at Die residence of Mrs. S.
(bill. Oglethorpe street, four doors below the Court ijHff
square. Their patronage is respectfully solicited. TH
Mrs. S. J. KENDALL, at the s; in - place,
tinnCs tlie business of cleaning. I’ cacliitig.
dressing Bonnets. Ladies may rc.y on
work done in good style and with promptness. 1
Man'll 13. 1856. V^H
| AMERICAN COTTON PLANT®
FOR 185t’>. |
; r IMI K Fourth Volume of tlic American Cotton
X “ ill commence with the Junu.ir 1 number. ■
in thus formally announcing the Prospectus fuiitiM
Fourth Volume, we hate but a few ‘l.on
add, sanguine in the belief that, with the intelligent] iB
dustrious patrons of progressive improvement
Agriculture, Mechanic Arts, Mann cturcs of the
ing States, and especially Alabamii is, the past ln-t< fIH
the Cotton Planter is its highest < • undulation. 9
In the iirst place, we remark to i : friends and ;
that the Editor, Dr. Cloud, has ago become the
or and Proprietor; and we here! assure our
emphatically, that in future the C ton Planter
sue promptly by the first day of cm month. 1
Flushed with victory in the jua: ■ itlccnt Uxliibitiliß
Alabama’s Industry, as denionstrn: .1 in the trimiinaa
success of tlio first Annual Fair ‘ the Alabama BB
Agricultural Society, the Cotton . anter ••willta'i ■
step backward” its progress is on” ’rd and upwardtlthß
highest niche of improvement. 1
It is hoped earnestly by the Edit and proprien anfl
by the members of the Society, ij til the Planter: an*
Farmers, the Mechanics and Mamumtures of
will rally en masse to the support m Alabama's onivl(eß
clusively) Industrial Periodical, the Organ of the
bama State Agricultural Society, Hint its efficiency
be unfettered in tlie great work f developing tliW®
measurable resources of the Keyst no State of the
•• Devoted to Improved Plantatio Economy,
tures and the Mechanic Arts,” the bject of the
can Cotton Planter is to I
“ Improve tile Soil mi 1 tlie Mind.? 1
With a corps of correspondents numberingmailf*
the most practical as wellasscicnli e minds of tin at®
wo feel assured we slmli he able to visit our patronlaß
the first of each month, to their cAire satisfaction
profit. 1
Every family in the country, “ uttaver uisy be
avocation, should ptetronisesome A. ricultural P i, l :l, 'J*B
cause there is no reading matter published to the
so innocent, and at the same time o practically
file in all the walks of life as that obtained
cultural Periodical. The American Cotton PianM ■■
issue promptly by the first day of tl.e month. It
uniformly printed in magazine sty e, on good “liiidpß
per, with new and fair type, securely stitched ami
tiled. 1
Our Horticultural Department will be
heretofore, by agentleman of prod leal experieiicc.
F. -t. Halt, of Montgomery. 1
Terms i H
One copy, in advance * :
Bix copies “ •’
Twelve copies “ 1°
Clubs or Agricultural Societies, itio copies......
All communicaiions, either for the columns el
ter, or containing remittances, ordering the paper.
be addressed to Dr. N. I!. Cloud, hoekland l ost |B
Alabama. I I
Subscriptions should commence with the o
Newspapers friendly to the work, throughout the
will confer a favor by copying the Prospectus. I I
Our exchanges will please directlo Dockland, -b I
MF.DICK & CO’S.
CASH
CLOTHING WAREHOUSE
Old stand of J. S. Suiih A’ Cos.,
125 West Side Broad Street*
COLUMBUS. 0 V. MJ
; ‘V/TENB’ and Boys Clothing—a large stock i”
| JLtX from, suited to every class ai d condition.
Gentlemen’s Furnishing floods in every variety.
October 22. ly ®j|
! irONTGOMEBY, SELKA AND
RIVER.
Merchants and others brh.jriuggoodn , ,'JJLi
Savannah,.for Montgomery, S Imaamlotl> ( ' r
I west of Columbus. Georgia, are ini timed that I'.’ -*ll
- rare of
JOHN W. HOWA.iI), Agent, ■
Union Dray Company, Columbus, Georgia. fiaii H
will be forwarded from the Depot ol the Muscoye 1 ■
I’oad to the Depot of the Opelika > u l Montgoiuciy (
at an expense, for transportation ! y Dray between
points, of
15 cents per Ton 2000) IDs* H
which will save thepi 25 cents pi ‘ ton, as the -
Rail Road Co.’s contractors charg ,to dollar per |
The Union Dray Company is amply responsible-
loss or damage, ns may he nsco-t’ ued by rcfeu.i *
Bell & Cos., Josiah Morris, and li. V Thom. Mont.- „
Ala. Refer, in Columbus. Ga„ to II Fatten and a
Ruse: and at Felnm. Ala., to T. R cnutli. I
jnlv 31 LB
DIiiOLCTI OJfi
TMIE late firm of Kldgway.Kii - v Snrsby ha'iu- fV
X dissolved on the 24th instant, by the death * ‘B
I. Ridgway, the business of tho lrt*■ firm will
i'-! 1 by the midorsitrned. survivor- of said firm. MR
JOHN W. KIVB
B. A. SORSIA ■
Warehouse, Commission, Beceivi®
ASD FORWARDING
TMIE undersigned having form and a co-part
m-rship, will continue business at the .
stand (Alabama Warehouse) under the nsiucJßßß
and style of KING & SORSEY. ani solicit fren*
friends and customers a continuance of their biisi JH
JOHN IV. Kl>|
April 29, 1856, 225tf B. A. SOR-BB’ I