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GEORGIA STATESMAN.
by BURRITT & MEACHAM.
|XIIE GEORGIA STATESMAN
lihlishcd weekly at the Seat of Govcrn
opposite the State-House Square, at
l r t Dollars per ann. in advance,
■t.lrertisemcwts inserted at the usual rates.
K R. Sales of land and negroes, by Ad
■nj-trators, Executors, or Guardians, are
1 by law, to be IvUt on the first Tuss-
I the month, between the hours of ten
B!|. fgrenoon, and three in the afternoon,
■Jv court house of the county in which the
L„ rtv is situate. Notice of these sales
I,;, be giren in a public Gazette SIXTY
K's previous to the day of sale.
Ityrfiee of the sale of personal property
But b< given in like manner, FORTY days
■nous to the day of sale.
■Notice to the debtors and creditors of an
■i;.j must lie published for FORTY days.
■Notice that application «ill bo made to
■ Court of Ordinary for leave to sell land,
■ st be published for NINE MONTHS.
■ REPORT
the Secretary of the Treasury,
H on the state, of the Finances,
Q [Concluded from our last.]
■ The debentures issued during the
Hrue first quarters of the present
■,ir, amounted to $4,489,710 29.
is more, by 1,537,710 9.9, than
H;;.e issued during the corrcspond-
H : period of the preceding year. —
Hi amount of those outstanding on
He 30th of September last, and
Hargeable upontho revenue of 1826.
H 1,858,316 04, which is more,
H 854,31 •> 61. than was chargeable
H the same day in 1324 upon the
H venue of 1825.
■ Tiie amount ofhond- in suit on the
Hn3 ot September last, was $2.987,-
HIT 22, which is {‘2,791 98 more than
Has m suit on the same day in the
Hair preceding.
■ Deducting from the forcgoingstaU -
Huts of the conclusions and proba-
Hiities that may at present seem
■ irrnntable, the receipts for 1826
Ho estimated as follows, viz :
Iran customs, $'24,000,000
■ublic lands, 1,000,000
■auk dividcuds, 38.5,000
■ii«ccllancous and incidental
■ receipts, 115,000
nn aggregate of 25,500,000
■lre expenditures of the year
■ are estimated as follows, liz:
miscellaneous and diplo
■ matic, 2,032,151 6y
Hlilitarv service, including for
■ tificationo, ordnance, Indian
■ department', revolutionary &
■ military pensions, arming
■ the militia, and arrearages
I prior to the Ist of Jan. 1817, 5,525,603 55
■ aval service, including the
I gradual increase of the Navy 3,026,612 IS
■ Public debt, 10,00ft,000 00
■liking together, 20,504,730 02
Which will leave in the Trca-
I . ury on the 31st of Deeem-
I bar, 1826, after satisfying all
I the, and. mands of that year, a
B surplus estimated at 4,015,269 98
■ If Ihe remark ho entitled to any
Bttention, that the recent alterations
B. the British laws of trade have af-
Brtcd the importations into the 1.
Blatcs during the existing year, by
■creasing their ad valorem amount,
■ ought not to create surprise if the
Baiun of importations in 182 G should
Bd! below those of 1825; because,
■'limiting that these laws served, on
■heir first promulgation, to enhance
Biie price of certain enumerated com
■nudities in the markets of Europe,
■ is not probable that this effect ol
Blum will he eit her extensive or per-
Bminent. One of their main prnvi
■-> is known to consist in a rodur.-
■iuiqof the duties upon ;i list of art i- 1
Blcs manufactured in the different
Bemitries in Europe, as well as in
Britain. But the most important ai-
Bicles of this list were already so
Bhoroughly established in the manu
■artories of Britain, as to he beyond
Bc> reach of competition from abroad.
■ lento the privilege of introducing
■ hern ithere, and especially to any
Barge extent, (meaning for consump
■i'm in Britain, without here alluding
■" lier warehousing system,) must
■rove in the end to lie nominal ra
■ ’:er than real. Among the list are
B'l'n fabrics of woollen, of cotton, of
■men, of hardware; and the new
■rale of duties is to have added to
■ hem, in every case, the amount of
■>nv internal excise duty previously
■ xisting, or which may At any time
Biftrrwards lie imposed, upon the
|tho same articles when,manufactured
| ln England. The forecast of that
■country, in all that relates to the in-
Iferests of her manufactures, justifies
■ the belief, that she will not fail to
■ conciliate the continued protection
lof them with whatever other abro
gations she may engraft upon her
commercial code, either in relation to
the other nations of the World, or to
her own dependencies, in whatever
part of it.
It 1 as been seen how largely the
exportation of our manufactures, du
ring the past year, has exceeded the
exportations of the two years [ire
ceding. It may be added, that in
no previous year since the founda
tion ol the government, has the ex
portation of American manufactures
reached qa amount at all approach-
ing to that of 1825. This i- known
from official documents as far hack
a:, *BO3, and no doubt can he enter
tained of its being true for thp re
mainder of the period. This fact, in
conjunction with the increasing con
sumption of these manufactures at
home, and not less of their improv
ing quality,gives gratify ingassurance
of the progress of this most impor
tant branch of the national industry.
It may be considered as marking the
commencement of an epoch in the
national resources, since an intimate
connexion is believed to exist be
tween the full encouragement and
success of domestic manufactures,
anti the wealth, the power, and the
happiness of the country. The U.
States would.it is thought, overlook
what is due to the essential interests
of their agriculture, which ran never
reach the full point of prosperity but
under the constant and vuriotys de
mand of the home market ; of their
foreign commerce, which can never
expand to its full limit of activity, or
reap its full measure of riches, but
with tec aids of an active home trade,
and of an export trade enhanced in
its value by being diversified in its
objects; of the exuberance of their
soil, yielding the best materials for
so many of the fabrics which con
duce to the wants, the comforts, and
the refinements of the social state;
of the industry, the enterprize, the
frugality of their people ; of the un
rivalled equality of their lav/s, w hich,
interdicting exclusive rights and mo
nopolies, invites the most energetic
exertions of every individual in the
field of competition ; and, finally, of
the advantages flowing from the ab
sence ol pecuniary exactions by
the hands of government, upon the
internal product and labour of the
country—it they do not vigorously
uphold the manufactures of the coun
try, now, for the first time appear
ing to be on the eve of striking root.
It is a commencement that deserves
every seasonable improvement. The
territorial size and fertility of a coun
try depend upon nature or upon ac
cident. Botli the one and the other
may exist upon the largest scale, but
in vain, it a provident government do
not second these gills; whilst na
tions destitute of them, and strug
gling against positive obstacles of
nature, are seen to arrive, through
th; wisdom of their policy, at the
heights of prosperity and renown.-
so give perfection to the industry of
a country rich in the gifts of nature,
and blessed in the bcriifirence of its
government; to draw out its obvious
resources, and seek constantly for
new ones, ever ready to unfold them
selves to diligent inquiry urged cn
by adequate motives ; to augment
the number and variety of occupa
tions for its inhabitants ; to hold out
to every degree of labour and to
every modification of skill its appro
priate object and inducement: these
rank amongst the highest ends of le
gislation. To organize the whole
labour of a country, to entice into its
wiriest ranges its mechanical and in
tellectual capabilities, instead of suf
fering them to slumber; to call forth,
wherever hidden, latent ingenuity,
giving to effort activity, and to emu
lation ardor ; to create employment
for the greatest amount of numbers,
by adapting it to the diversified fa
culties, propensities, anil situations
of men, so that every particle of abi
lity, every shade of genius, may come
into requisition, is, in other words, to
lilt up the condition of a country, to
increase its fiscal energy, to multiply
ihe means and sources of its opu
lence, to imbue it with the elements
of general as well as lasting strength
and prosperity. It is in the destiny
ot nations that tlie highest points of
advancement are not to bo arrived
at, but through the complicated, yet
harmonious action of these elements.
That extensive and flourishing man
ufactures, with the train ot useful arts
allied to them, tend to propel na
tions in this onward course, is a max
im believed to be enforced by the
best lights of experience, and to be
of peculiar application to the United
States, under the present circumstan
ces ot their interior and external
condition By » flourishing state of
manufactures, wc shall rising, up a
new class of capitalists, rivalling, in
the. extent and usefulness of their
operations, and in the amount of
their gains, the wealthiest of our
merchants; spreading, too, by the
education and habits for which their
pursuits, when largely conducted,
make a call, useful knowledge and
science, w herever those pursuits con
centre. By a flourishing state of ma
nufactures, we shall saethe gains of
the merchant augmentented even in
his trade of imports, since for every
foreign fabric excluded from con
sumption by the ultimate use of the
rival fabric at home, other fabrics
will find their way to us, consump
tion having no limits but the. ability
to buy, and this ability invariably in
MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1826.
creasing as home manufactures as
sume variety and attain perfection.
It is then that they create and diffuse
wealth, by what is the only true
foundation of it in a nation; the uni
versal, subdivided, and successful in
dustry of the people It is then that
they make a call for an abundant
circulating medium, by quickening
tiie operations of purchase and sale-
It is then that they attract the pre
cious metals to a country, and, be
yond any other power of retention,
keep there. By numerous manufac
tures, we shall see agriculture, the
first pillar in the State, stand firm ;
for when they shall have raised up
new capitalists, w ho so sure to niain
tam profitable dealings with them as
the owner of the soil ? For thffWel? l '
sures that covers its surface and that
lie beneath it, he is then sure to find
a market, both regular and growing,
whatever the political or mercantile
vicissitudes at a distance; and as
sure to buy at cheap rates the fabrics
that he wants, cheapness being the
necessary consequence of full com
petition among a pow erful class of
artizans at home. By numerous ma
nufactures, in fine, we shall sec rear
ed up in the State that additional
pillar, which, standing in the middle,
is indispensable to the stability of the
other two; for the State must he in
a false position, lying perpetually at
the mercy of extrinsic events, when
reposing only upon foreign commerce
and agriculture. The great inter
mediate interest, strengthening and
upholding both the others, is Manu
factures. \\ hen, to the complete es
tablishment of these, the Internal
Improvement of the country shall
have been superadded, the farmer of
the United States cannot but per
ceive that the measure of his pros
perity is made potentially full. Dis
couraging distances between himself
and his customers exist no longer.—
Through the wisdom of art, the ob
stacles of nature disappear. He sees,
combined with the advantages of a
country of almost boundless extent
and capacity of production, the fa
cilities of quick intc rcourse, which
compensate to small countries the
want of these advantages. He secs
time anticipated in the effective aug
mentation of cur numbers ; for, as
with machinery in manufactures, so
with canals and good highways : they
change the relative weakness of a
thin and scattered, into the activity
and power of a condensed popula
tion, thereby, exemplifying the high
est wisdom of legislation; the noblest
works of government, guided by the
intelligence, and stimulated by the
energy of freedom.
In giving the.se opinions in favor
of domestic manufactures, it is known
that other opinions exist on this sub
ject, claiming the support of distin
guished names both at home and
abroad. lor these opinions, as they
have from time to time been wit
nessed in the discussions of the le
gislative hall at home, the utmost
deference is felt. Nevertheless, it
is deemed proper to communicate
wiili candour those contained in this
report, deliberately weighed as they
have been, and uttered, as they also
arc, under the obligations of official
duty. In the submission of plans for
the improvement of the public reve
nue, none occur more likely to prove
salutary than those that look to the
fostering of manufactures, under ihe
truth, that in the multiplied produc
tions ot nature and art, in a country,
the result of industry and skill every
where diffused, lie the Lest and only
foundations of finance. When the
people of a country are universally
and profitably employed, tho aggre
gate ot individuals becomes the su
rest measure of national prosperity,
and revenue for the public occasions
will always be at hand, under what
ever forms the Government may
deem it most expedient and least
burdensome to call it forth. The
facts ot tiie world are on the side of
these opinions—it being incontesta
ble, that nations which have reached
the most imposing heights of physi
cal and intellectual power, are those
in which manufactures have been the
most numerous, anff arrived at the
greatest perfection. It is more ap
plicable to add, that this perfection
amongst (lie nations where it has
been most conspicuous, has been
achieved through the most compre
hensive and vigorous protection af
forded to this kind of industry; a
protection persevered in throughout
ages, and never given up whilst its
objects remained unaccomplished
The speculative economists of Eu
rope are in opposition the expent nJ2
that surrounds them, and not less
frequently to each other, and to
themselves, when they would hold
up to auy one nation the assorted be
nefits of an opposite system.—
“ France,” says one of her most cel
ebrated writers of this class, (but
who knows how to reconcile the en
lightened ideas of free trade with
into high cultivation, adds, “ that
hopeless, indeed, would be their sit
uation, were France to adopt the
system that recommends the pur
chase of manufactures from foreign
countries, with the raw produce of
domestic agriculture.” France still
adheres, in the midst of her riches
and power, to the practice on which
those first duties that every nation
owes to itself) “ is probably indebt
ed for the beauty of her silk and
woollen manufacturers to the wise
encouragement of that administra
tion which advanced to the manu
facturers two thousand franesfor cv
rv loom at work.” The same writer,
(Says) whilst describing the condition
of some of the provinces of that
country, and which, as he savs, want
ed nothing but towns to bring them
these sentiments are founded. Nor,
is the example of Britain up to this
very moment, less absolute or Jess
instructive. The prohibitions, the
bounties, the high duties, the penal*
ties, by force of which, throughout a
long tract of time, the manufactures
of that country have gained so much
excellence, never in any wise abated,
until, by the recent avowals of her
statesmen, high in intelligence as au
thority, British fabrics were not mere
ly certain to continue, the supply im
mense as it is known to be, of the
home demand, but to find their way
in a proportion, far greater than those
from any other country,-into all the
markets of the world. The United
states, with a combination of natu
ral and political advantages as trans
cendant in number as degree, have
before them those and other exam
ples ; the lights of co-existent na
tions; the amplest demonstrations
ot experience, for building up their
manufactures ; and by that vigilant
legislative assistance, without which
they have never been known in anv
country to establish themselves in
large or durable pre-eminence. Nor
has this policy been found to inter
fere, with an abundant foreign com
merce, in the wealthiest and most in
dustrious nations. It has, on the
contrary, carried its bounds still fur
ther ; since every nation, by its ha
bits and position, w ill always com
mand superior facilities for excelling
in certain branches ofjabor and art,
which it therefore chiefly cherishes,
leaving to other nations the oppor
tunity of excelling in other branches,
or ol running the career of beneficial
rivalry in the same; by which system
(he artificial productions of the world
are augmented and improved, and
the fieljs of traffic, through the in
creasing desires and varying tastes
ol mankind, as opulence and civili
zation make new advances, more and
more extended and enriched. Ts the
nations of Europe, whose industry
and interchanges move in circles ge
ographically proximate to each other,
nave yet adopted this policy, or have
(alien hack in their prosperity l>v the
fact ot its absence; if those nations
that have adopted it, are still seen
to keep to it, or have only swerved
trom it after its ends have been at
tained ; by stronger reasons should
the United States act upon it. Their
remoteness from all the chief sources
of supply of manufactured articles,*
forms an additional motive, not to
invoke that which might be drawn
from the burdens and even exclu
sions still in lull existence in other
countries, against some of their pri
mary productions. That a populous
and independent nation, a nation ci
vilized since the moment-of its ex
istence, and whose institutions by
their essential principle, tend to ac
celerate in the career of intellectual
and social, as already they have con
ferred upon political eminence,
should have continued as long as the
United States have done, to derive
from a distance, to be computed only
by tiie space ol oceans, so many of
the tabrics which conduce to the ne
cessary or tasteful accommodations
of life, it not without precedent, has,
perhaps, not before existed in a case
of any other nati.in upon the same
extensive scale. Without adverting
to the contingencies which may di
minish or cut off this supply from re
mote hemispheres, the very deterio
ration to which time, and more fre
jqucnt’y casualty, expose ho inconsi
derable portion of these fabrics be
fore the natural and intended uses of
>them can be exhausted, and where
the skill that made is too often alone
competent to renovate or repair, be
comes, by so much, a dead loss to the
capital of the importer or consumer,
and consequently to that of the na
tion? The amount of it would go
“hr, it is believed, towards forming a
fund for encouraging the equally per
fect fabrication at home, of most of
the articles of foreign origin, con
signed, by the cause alluded to, to
premature inutility or destruction.—
Besides the advantages of manulac
tures for home use, the present mo
ment is peculiarly suspicions, not to
say urgent, tor fostering them, from
the situation and qircnmstancss of
the rest of tho world. An era has
arrived, upon which after ages are
to iook back as to a point, in the com
mercial destines of mankind. The
colonial system is fast falling tc pie
ces. Over immense regions it is to
tally gone, involving the certainty of
change both in the channels and the
objects of trade, as vast as they will
be various. The family of nations
has been extended; new continents,
new oceans, are opened to independ
ent intercourse ; to a just and equal
participation in the-benefits of which,
t he United States cannot but be alive.
These benefits they can scarely de
rive,, to the full and proper extent,
but by giving themselves to the large
fabrication of those works of art for
which their climate, their produc
tions, and the skill and capital of
which their citizens are already in
possession, especially qualify them.
The source of their export trade for
for the last two years, as stated in
this report, is an encouraging omen
of their ability and appetite to enter
this new and great field of competi
tion. Not to follow up such l*egin
ningsby timely and judicious meas
ures, might be to .let opportunities
pass, not always to be recalled.—
Whilst nations shut out by their lim
ted territory, from agricultural pro
ducts as the basis of trade, have yet
pushed the latter to its farthest lim
its, by manufactures alone as that
basis, it is the favored lot oftlic l ci
ted States to super add to the extort
and riches of their soil, a state of so
cial advancement, and an amount of
town population, already equal to
the most extensive and varied op
erations of manufacturing industry.
Not to found establishments by w hich
this species of profitable industry
may take litb and spread over the
land, would, it is believed, be to for
get alike what is due to the best in
terests of agriculture on the one
hand, and.to.the lurthor enlargement
o) our commercial power upon tbr
other.
In expressing the convictions em
braced in the foregoing remarks, it
is not intended to close them by re
commending any general revision o
thc tariff, as fixed by the act of Cou
gres of the 22d May, 1824. But it
is deemed proper* under cover of
them* respecttullv to submit the ex
pediency oi effectually increasing the
existing duties upon ailmanufact ires
of cotton of a fine quality.
The facilities and inducements to
the lubrication of cottons of every
description in the United States, are
so great that the most beneficial con
sequences may be anticipated from
the lull establishment of this manu
facture in all its finer branches, in
like manner as by the protection al
ready afforded to cotton fabrics in
the coarser branches we have seen
those latter established with advan
tages so manifold and decided. And
should wo establish* completely, the
former also, such, is the quantity In
which we produce the raw material
ot this prominent menu fact ere of
modern times, and what is still
more important, such its quality,
that there is no cause for apprehend
ing that our immense exportations
ot it abroad v. ill stop. (In (he co
- may be expected that they
wall go on progressively increasing.
Concurrently with this recommen
dation for sin augmentation on duties
on all cotton manufactures of fine
quality, it is deemed advisable to
submit also the expediency ©flower
ing, to a small extent, the duties at
present existing upon teas, upon cof
fee, and upon cocoa.
'I hese articles, especially the two
former, are oi such large consump
tion in the United States as to rank
among the necessaries of life They
go to make up apart of the daily
beverage of the poor as well as (he
rrch, and should therefore not be
pressed upon too heavily by the hand
of taxation in any form ; the less, as
they trench upon no rival production
at home. Their more enlarged con
sumption would tend to increase, in
errresponding proportions, the de
mand for sugar, hereby, fostering a
valuable production of some of our
ow n states. The more widely also
the habit of their use can he extend
ed, the greater it is believed would
be tiie prospect of seeing lessened
the consumption of ardent spirits, so
baneful in their effects upon the in
dustry, the health, and morals of the
community. Under these views
alone, regarding their connection
with the public prosperity, and indi
vidual happiness, and temporary or
partial toss to the revenue that might
result from an adoption of this last
recommendation, ought to be con
sidered as compensated. It is pot,
however certain, that such loss
would result; from the increased de
mand that might be expected to
grow up for these articles by a re
duction of the present impositions
upon them. As regards teas, it may]
[NO. VI —VOL. I.
be added, as an additional motive to
the recommendation, that, under the
present duties, there is reason to a| -
prehend some fi ding oft' ultimately
in our China trade, from the late laws
and regulations of Britain bearing up
on this important article of tnechan
dize. The interests of a valuable
portion of our foreign trade, there
fore, and of our shipping, appear to
be at stake in fixing the duties upon
teas of all kinds, at rates somewhat
lower than as at present established.
All which is respectfully submit
ted.
RICHARD RUSH.
Treasury* Department. )
Dec. 22, 1820. \
OFFICIAL PAPER.
TREATY OF FORT JACKSON.
To (he House of Representatives of
the United States:
Washixgtok, Dec. 27, 1825.
In compliance with a resolution
of the House of Representatives of
23dinst. I transmit, herewith, a Re
port trom tiie Secretary of War,
with the Correspondence between
ihe Department ofWar and Generals
Pinckney and Jackson, and all the
instructions given to the said Gener
al s Pinckney and Jackson, relating
to the Treaty with the Creek In
rfk ins, afterwards made at Fort Jack
son. so far as the same can be com
municated without prejudice to the
public interest.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
Department of War.
Dec. 24 1825.
1 he Secretary of War, to whom
was referred the resolution of the
House of Representatives of the 23d
inst. requesting the President of the
I mited States, “to cause to be
laid before this House the Corres
pondence between the Department
oi War and Generals Pinckney and
Jackson, and all the instructions giv
en to said Generals Pineknev and
Jackson, relating to the Treaty wiMi
the Creek Indians, afterwards made
at Fort Jackson, so far as the same
can be communicated, in his discre
tion, without prejudice to the public
interest,” has the honour to enclose,
herewith papers marked No. 1, to
11, inclusive, which contain the in
formation required.
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES BARBOUR
To the President of the U. States.
(No. 1.)
War Department.
March 17, 1824.
*j r —The policy dictated, as well
by the unprovoked and ungrateful
conduct of the hostile Creeks, as by
a due regard to the future safety of
the South Western frontier, may he.
brought under the following heads,
viz :
Ist. An indemnification (for the
expences incurred by the United
States in prosecuting the war) by
such cession or cessions of land as
may he deemed an equivalent for
said expenses.
t 2d. A stipulation on their parr,
that they cease all intercourse with
any Spanish post, garrison, or town
and that they will not admit among
them any agent or trader, who does
not derive his authority or license
from the U. States.
3d. An acknowledgement of a
right in the United States to open
roads through their territory—to
navigate all waters and streams with
m the same—and, also to establish
therein such military posts and trad
ing houses as may be deemed neces
sary or proper; and
Ith. A surrender of the Prophets
or other instigation of the war; who
will he held subject to the orders of
the President.
W'ith these outlines as your guide,
you are authorized, in conjunction
with Cot. Hawkins, to open and con
clude a treaty of peace with the
hostile Creeks, as soon as they shall
express a desire to put an end to the
war.
I have the honour, Lc.
JOHN ARMSTRONG,
To Maj. Gen. Thomas Pixcknev
(No. 2.)
War Department.
March 20 1814.
Sir : Since the date of my last
letter it has occurred to me, that the
proposed treaty with the Creeks
should take a form altogether mili
tary, and he in the nature of a capi
tulation ; in which case the whole
authority of making and concluding
the terms will rest in you exclusive
ly as Commanding General. In this
transaction, should it take place, Col.
Hawkins, as agent, may be useful
ly employed.
I have, &r.
JOHN ARMSTRONG.
Maj. Gtn, Thomas Ptncknttj.