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CteorgiaSStatesman.
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BIBLE SOCIETIES.
We ore pleased to see such a general ex
fression, by almost every denomination of
Christians in Georgia, in favor of Bible So
othes. We not long since published a letter
Horn the R v. S. K. Hodges, shewing his
iefcef in the importance and utility of such In
itiations. We have seen a letter in the
Georgia Reporter, from the Rev. Mr. Shack
liiord, (we believe of the Baptist connection,)
tn the subject of Bible Societies, from which
we make the following extract:
•• At an early day I was honoured
with a copy of the Constitution 'of
the American Bible Society, accom
panied with an address to the peo
ple of the United States. The pro
ject caught tny attention, and, at
once, kindled in my soul a fervent
desire lor its success—Nor has my
zeal, in principle, at least, at all abat
ed —though, from the p culiar cir
cumstances in which I have been
placed, it has not been in my power
to render that active service in be
half of the lustitutiontwhich I knew
it merited."
Below will be fount? a. letter on the same
subject from Dr. Commin9, of Greenesboro,'
also a Circular Letter, which we were request
ed to publish, from the Bible Society of Jas
per county, of which the Rev. Mr. Gautier
is President. Tiic fact that this worthy Di
vine s» President of a Bible Society, is suffi
cient evidence of his belief in their utility.
CIRCULAR.
Monticello, Ga., 1826.
Dear Sir: With pleasure we an
nounce to you, that an effort is now
making to promote a mor# general
circulation of the sacred Scriptures
among the population of our own
State. Iu accordance with the wish
es of the American Bible Society,
ami through the instrumentality of
Us Agents, appointed expressly for
the purpose of visiting this State,
and organising Societies auxiliary to
the American Bible Society, several
3uch Societies have been established
in the counties lying in the interior of
the State. Such a Society has been
organised in this place, for the pur
pose of ascertaining and supplying
the wants of the inhabitants of this
county. By its Constitution, the So
ciety restricts itself to " the circula
tion of the Holy Scriptures, without
note or comment." The object of
the Society in becoming auxiliary to
the American Bible Society is, to a
vail itself of all those facilities in pro
curing Bibles, of which the Parent
Institution is possessed, to enable it
to furnish them at reduced prices
By this arrangement, Bibles may be
procured from the depository of the
Society, in this place, at about om
ba)f the usual prices. By a recogni
tion of this Society, as one of its
auxiliaries, the Parent Institution ob
ligates itself, in-case the funds of this
SocLty should not be sufficient to
supply all the destitute within the
sphere of its operations, to furnish
the requisite number of Bibles gra
tuitously : but, this Society on the
other band, obligates itself, after all
the destitute within its sphere of op
eration are supplied, to place its sur
plus revenue at the disposal of the
Parent Institution. Thus whi'e pro
vision is made for the supply of all
the destitute at home, the American
B:ble Society is furnished in some
measure with the means of sending
the word of Eternal Life to the re
mote regions of the earth.
In order to ascertain the wants of
the neighborhood in which you re
side, the Board of Directors have
thought proper to address you on this
subject, and solicit your co-operation.
It is desirable that the county should
be faithfully explored, in order to as
sertaiu what number of Bibles is
wanted; what portion of those who
are destitute, are able to purchase,
and who are not. It is the design of
the Society to dispose of them by
sale, as far as practicable, rather than
by gift ; but in all cases in which it
shall be made to appear to the Board,
by its Agents or others, that those
wko mo destitute arc unable to pur
chase, the Society wiil furnish them
gratuitously.
Upon a careful examination of the
state of our population, it will be
found that there are buts wof those
now destitute who are unable to sup
ply themselves. It is not supposed
that real indigence prevents them
from possessing this invaluable trea
sure. It is because public sentiment
is asleep, and no exertion has ever
been made to direct its attention to
this important subject. While Bible
Societies have been in successful
operation for many years in other
States, and while they have been
productive of the most sublime re
sults, our State has been slumbering,
and but three Bible Societies have
been organised within its limits, until
within a few weeks past. It is readi
ly admitted, that there is no difficul
ty in procuring Bibles, and that our
population, generally, have the means
of instruction within their reach;
and it may be supposed, amidst all
the facilities which are offered for the
acquisition of Religious knowledge,
there can be no necessity for any ex
traordinary exertion in the circulation
of tho Bible. Would to God that
such were the fact: But an attempt
to remedy this evil has ever been
found the most effectual means of
disclosing its extent. In other sec
tions of our country which have en
joyed the stated miuistrations of the
Gospel, and all the other means of
Grace much longer, and to a much
greater extent than this, hundreds of
families have been found entirely des
titute of any portion of the word of
God: wholly destitute of any knowl
edge of the way of life through the
atonement of Jesus Christ. Where
ever a strict examination of this sub
ject has been instituted, even in the
most enlightened countries, the re
sults have ben alarming. Were
such an examination of the present
condition of the population of this
county instituted, it is to be feared
that many individuals, and even fam
ilies, would be found destitute 6f the
Word of God. And when we reflect
that the Bible is “ the wisdom and
power of God” unto salvation ; that
it is the only sure and unerring guide
which God has given to conduct be
nighted and bewildered man to im
mortal life and unfading felicity, does
not the Bible-cause require that an
effort should be made commensurate
with the evil to be remedied, and
that it be made speedily 1
The Directors indulge the hope
that you will interest yourself in be
half of the Society, and endeavor to
ascertain the wants of your own
neighborhood and make returns to
them as soon as practicable, together
with the names of tlfc subscribers
you may be able to obtain. Or,
should you think it advisable, to form
a Bible Society auxiliary to the Bible
Society of Jasper county, So
ciety will be entitled to receive Bi
bles from the depository at this place
at the same prices as it receives them
from the Parent Institution. The
Christian Religion is spreading wide
as the world. Dark and benighted
nations are emerging from that moral
mist which has so long intercepted
the light of the sun of righteousness,
and the distant Isles are listening to
the glad tiding of salvation. In the
exertions which are now made for the
diffusion of the light of life, and es
pecially in the efforts which are made
to give the Bible to every nation, and
kindred, and tongue, and people, un
der the whole heaven, in their own
language, we discover the com
mencement of the Messiah’s Reign,
and hail with holy rapture and exatic
joy the approaching dawn of that
glorious day, when the kingdoms of
the world shall become the kingdoms
of our Lord and of his Christ. And
while we pray for a speedy accom
plishment of this stupenduous work
of Mercy and of Grace, we dedicate
ourselves and our substance r.hich
God has given us, to his service,
in behalf of the Board,
P. W. GAUTIER, Pres'U
George Foot, Sec’ry.
Greenesboro’, Aug 21 182 G.
Dear Sir —l received your favour
of the 7th iirst. requesting my opinion
of Bible Societies.
So much has been spoken, written
and published in their favour, it is al
most impossible to add anew thought
or form of recommendation. The
aggregate piety, literature, talents
and philanthropy of the best of man
kind, are on the side of Bible Socie
ties. Were Iso unfortunate as to be
opposed to the moral mass of power
in their favour, my opposiition would
be feeble as a straw thrown against a
pyramid. I approve them. Why?
They have done a world of good ;
they are doiug good ; they will do
good ; they are connected with things
preliminary to the nultenium. I ap
prove them because they spread a
broad the Bible, tiic most salutary
book for the principles, morals, pres
H* tibi erunt artes, pacisque imponere morem, parcere subjectis et del*llare superbos.— Virgil.
MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1826.
ent and eternal advantages of man
kind, of any book to be found beneath
the throne of God.
No better reason can, or need be
given, why I should approve of Bible
Societies, than what is contained in 2
Tim iii. 16. ‘ All Scripture is giv
eu by the snspiratiou of God, and is,
profitsble for doctrine, for reproof,
for correction, for instruction in right
eousness,’ &.
Yours affectionately,
FRANCIS CUMMINS.
G. VV. Warner, Cor. Sec. Morgan Cos. B. S.
FROM THE BOSTON MESSENGER.
Copy of a letter from General George
Washington to President Adams,
dated,
Mount Vernon, July 13,1798.
Dear Sir : I had the honor, on the
evening of the 11th inst. to receive
from the hand of the Secretary of
War, your favor of the 7th, announc
ing that you had, with the advice and
consent of the Senate, appointed me
Lieutenant General and commander
in chief of all the armies raised, or to
be raised, for the service of the Uni
ted States.
I cannot express how greatly af
fected I am at this new proof of pub
lic confidence, and the highly flatter
ing manner in you have been
pleased to make the communication
At the same time, I must not con
ceal from you my earnest wish, that
the choice had (alien on a man less
declined in years, and better qualified
to encounter ihe usual vicissitudes
of war.
You know, Sir what calculations
I had made, relative to the probable
coursp of events, on my retiring from
office, and the determination I had
consoled myself with, of closing the
remnant of my days in my present
peaceful abode; you will, therefore be
at no loss to conceive and appreciate
the sensations I must have experienc
ed to bring myself to any conclusion
that would pledge me, at so late a pe
riod of my life, to leave scenes 1 sin
cerely love, to enter upon the bound
less field of action, incessant trouble
and high responsibility.
It is not possible for me to remain
ignorant of, or iudifferent to recent
transactions.
The conduct of the Directory of
France towards our country ; their
insiduous hostility to its government:
their various practices to withdraw
the affections of the people from it;
the evident tendency of their acts,
and those of their agents to counte
nance and invigorate opposition ;
their disregard of solemn treaties and
the laws of nations; their war upon
out defenceless commerce; their
treatment of our Ministers of peace ;
and their demands, amounting to
tribute ; could not fail to excite in me
corresponding sentiments with those
my countrymen have so generally ex
pressed, in their affectionate address
es to you. Believe me, Sit, no one
can more cordially approve of the
wise and prudent measures of your
administration.—They ought to in
spire universal confidence : and will,
no doubt, combined with the state of
things, call from Congress such laws
and means, as will enable you to meet
the full extent of the crisis
Satisfied, therefore, that you have
sincerely wish and and endeavored to
avert war, and exhausted, to the last
drop, the cup of reconciliation, we
can, with pure hearts appeal to Heav
en for the justice of our and
may confidently trust the final result
to that kind Providence, who has
heretofore, and so often signally fa
voured the people of the U. States.
Thinking in this manner, and feel
ing how incumbent it is upon every
person of every description, to con
tribute at all times to his country’s
welfare, especially in a moment like
the present, when every thing we
hold dear and sacred is so seriously
threatened, I have finally determin
ed to accept the commission of Com
mander in Chief of the Armies of the
United States, with this reserve only,
that I shall not be called into the field
until the Army is in a situation to re
quire my presence, or it becomes in
dispensable by the urgency of cir
cumstances.
In making this reservation I beg
it may be understood, that I do not
mean to withhold any assistance to
arrange and organize the army which
you think I can afford. I take the
liberty also to mention, that I must
decline having my acceptance con
sidered as drawing after it any imme
diate charge upon the public ; or
that I can receive any emoluments
annexed to the appointment, before
entering into a situation to incur ex
pense.
The Secretary of War being anx
ious to return to the Seat of Govern
ment, I have detained him no longer
than was necessary to a full commu
nication upon the several points ho
had in charge.
With great respect and considera-
tion, I have the honor to be dear Sir,
your most obedient humble servent.
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
To John Adams,
President of the United States.
Extract of a letter from an officer on board the
Cyane, at Pernambuco.
“ Our reception here was highly
flattering. Civilities of every kind
were shown us—we interchanged
salutes. In firing our salute wc hoist
ed the Brazilian flag at the fore. On
the Consul reaching the ship, he stat
ed to Capt. Elliot that the English
man of war had refused this, although
called upon by the authorities to do
so, and that, on declining their sa
lute was not returned. When Capt.
E was presented to the President of
Province, he remarked to him that he
could not avoid returning his thanks
for the performance of this sponiane
ous act, and what the English had re
fused when asked, kc. ; that our na
tion seemed the one which could be
called upon when in distress. On the
pres ntation of Capt. Elliott to His
Brazilian Majesty, he was extremly
courteous. We here met with Rear
Admiral “ Sir Geo. Eyre,” in the
Wellesley, 80, with some of the
French squadron, Admiral Rose well.
Our anchor was scearcely let go, when
Sir George Eyre sent his First Lieu
tenant with a polite message, offer
ing his services. On Captain Elliott’s
visiting the Admiral, he met with the
officer who commanded the Cyane
when she was captured by Com.
Stewart.
The day following, the Admiral
visitedthe Cyane, with other officers,
and invited Capt E. to dine. At
his table Capt. E met with Sir John
Phillemore, of the Britton. Lord H.
Fin of the Ranger. Capt. E. gave,
in return, a splendid entertainment.
In honor ofSt. John Phillemore, who
so generously saved our seamen on
the coast of Spain, Capt. E gave
this toast, which was most enthusias
tically received—“ Brftian and Amer
ica—-may each be emulous in tha per
formance of those acts which may
bring back the kindly feelings of pa
rent and child-' 1 II :re we met with
Lord and Lady Ponsonby— she is the
daughter of Lord Holland; he gave
Capt. E. a most splendid dinner.
While Admiral Rosewcll was here,
salutes and visits were interchanged
—nothing unpleasant occurred dur
ingour intercourse with these foreign
squadrons. A little before our de
parture, Commodore Widot du Plan
ty, of the Seine, sent his boat on
board to obtain permission to search
two of our merchant vessels for de
serters, then standing out of the har
bour; as also others in port —To
which Captain Elliott replied " that
he was suprised at the receipt of a
communication of the kind—that on
no account must he be permitted to
put his foot on board the American
vessels for this purpose. This ship
iias rendered great services in aiding
our distressed countrymen. The hos
pitality of all on board is worthy of
th„- warmest praise.
‘‘The foreign ships of war arc in
high order, but the Cayue is not in
ferior to any of them. Their com
manders are very desirous of raising
the blockade of Buenos Ayres, and
only wait lor our commander to set
the example. Sir John Sinclair, in
the Doris, has been here, who is on
the best terms with our captain.
•‘lt would seem that France and
England are restless under blockade,
having millions either directly or indi
rectly connected with this measure.
They will doubtless do all they can to
secure the commercial advantages
which the trade of this country may
offer to the most favored. Capt. Elli
ott has not lost sight of this object,
and will not let any opportunity escape
of producing the best results from our
timely arrival. The navy of the Uni
ted States is every day extending its
high character—Our older officers
seem to be known by reputation to
most of the distinguished naval men
we have met at this place. This is
gratifying to those who take an inter
est in our naval concerns.”
Com. Porter —The last Washing
ton papers contain an official notice
of the resignation of Com Porter.
He who in the war against the Tri
politans gave frequent proof* of dar
ing valour—he who in the second
war of Independence, carried terror
and destruction to the commerce of
the enemy, and made a most gallant
and admirable resistance against tre
ble his force—he, who scoured the
coast, and destroyed tk e haunts of
pirates, and has been invariably a
Patriot and a Soldier, has been driven
from the service of his country by
persecution! —How long such things
are to be tolerated by a free people
—how long public servants are to be
permitted to pursue their own narrow
inclinations, and hunt down those
who have served tbeir country, re
mains yet to be seen.
COMMODORE PORTER
From Mexico, we learn that Com.
Porter was about to take command
of the Naval force at Vera Cruz,
apartments having been provided for
him, to guard against the disease of
the shore, in the Castle of St. John
de Ulloa, where it is as healthy as it
would be on board ship, until the
marine shall be made ready for sea.
The reception of Commodore Por
ter at the seat of Government of
Mexico has been of the most satis
factory nature. The emoluments of
his station are less than reported,
but still considerable, say $5,100 per
annum. The Government, more
over, understanding that, in entering
the Mexican service. Com. P. relin
quished, of course, .an old claim
whicc he had upon the Consulado of
Havanna, agreed to apply to the
Government of Vera Cruz to place
him in possession of a large tract of
land on the fine river of Guasacualco.
The Government of Vera Cruz has
agreed to cede to the Commodore 11
leagues square in in the richest and
most beautiful part of the State.—
The tract contains about half a mill
ion of acres, and the route to the
Pacific, for the establishm nt O; which
a decree has recently, been made,
will passthrough it.—[JVat. Int.
We have just been gratified with
a sight of a curiosity in mechanics.
It is a newly invented augur for bor
ing square holes, which we imagine
will be of great utility in many kinds
of mechanical business.—[ Ph. Post.
Manfacturing Distress in England —
There never was such an appalling
and awful aspect before us: if things
continue many months as they are at
present, there must be a rebelion be
fore Christinas. 1773 and 1792,
ar nothing in comparison with 1826,
when the extent of commerce aud
the increase of.population are taken
into consideration. A cramped cir
culation, aud the destruction of cred
it and confidence, which it will tak
years to restore, have paralysed ev .-
ry department of commerce, and
brought the country to a state of
misery and despair.
In tne north, the mercahnts are
losing by every engagement , in then
own defence they are obliged to turn
off all their hands. The manufactQr
ers do not get the price of the raw
material lor their manufactured goods
and aye obliged to turn offtheir hands
There is no employment for the la
boring classes, and young men, o;
good sober habits and moral princi
ples, are willing to do any thing, how
ever slavish, to gain a couple of shil
lings a week. Every prudent man is
reducing his establishment, and cur
tailing hisexpences; and many of the
most respectable members of society
are anxiously thinking bow they are
to gain a miserable pittiancc.
Low woollen goods for the North-
American market ; sold last week at
Huddersfield 10 to 20 per cent, lower
than they have been known for the
last sixty years! In fact, no words can
paint tho distresses of Lancashire
and the West Riding ofYorkshire:
TROM THE NEW-YORK GAZETTE.
THE FEDERAL CONSTITU
TION, DR. FRANKLIN, kc.
A friend has favored us with an
interesting Manuscript, relating to a
most important period of our history.
The circumstances her detailed are
new to us, and we believe they have
never before been made public The
narrative is in the words of General
- one of the members of the
General Convention which framed
the Constitution. It was committed
to paper by the gentleman to whom
General and tailed the facts,
and we now have the satisfaction of
laying it before our readers.
“ I was,” said Gen. , “a dele
gate from ■ —- ■ ,in the Gen
eral Convention which assembled in
Philadeiphia, for the purpose of di
gesting a Constitution for the United
States, and I bqlieve 1 was the young
est member of that body. The great
and good Washington was chosen
our President, and'Dr. Franklin, a
mong other great men, was a dele
gate from Pennsylvania. A disposi
tion was soon discovered in some
members to display themselves in
oratorical flourishes—but the good
sense and discretion of the majority
put down all such attempts.* We had
convened to deliberate upon, and if
possible, effect a great national ob
ject—to search for political uisdom
and truth ; —these we meant to pur
sue with simplicity, and tp avoid eve
ry thing which would have a ten
dency to divert our attention, or per
plex our scheme.
A great variety of projects were
proposed.—All Republican in thdir
general outlines but differing in their
details. It was therefore determined
[OR 84 IP NOT PAID IN SIX MONTHS.
NO. “....VOL. 1
that certain elementary principles
should at first be established, in each
branch of the intended Constitution,
and afterwards the details should be
debated and filled up.
There was little, or no ‘.’.•(ficulty in
determining upon tho elementary
principles—such as for instance that
the government should be a Repub
lican representative govern,n n
That it should be divided in f :> three
branches, i. e. Legislative, Executive
and Judicial, kc. But when the or
mnization of the respective branch's
of the Legislative came under con
sideration, it was easy to he perceiv
ed that the eastern, and the southern
states had distinct interests, which it
was difficult to reconcile, and that
the larger states were disposed to
form a Constitution in which the
smaller states would be mere appen
dages and satellites to the larger one»
On tl e first of these subjects much
animated and somewhat angrv debate
had taken place, when the ratio of
representation in the lower House of
Congress was before us, the south
ern states claiming for themselves
the whole number of their black pop
ulation; while the eastern states were
for confining the elective franchise
to freemen ouly without respect to
color.
As the different parties adhered
pertinaciously to their different posi
tions, it was feared that this was an
insurmountable obstacle ; but as the
members were already generally sat
isfied that no Constitution could be
formed which would meet the views,
and subserve the interests of each
individual state, it was evident that
it must be a matter of compromise
and mutual concession. Under these
impressions, and with these views, it
was agroed at length that each state
should be entitled to one Delegate in
the House of Representatives, for
every thirty thousand of its inhahi
tants—in which number should be
included three fifths of their slaves.
When the details of the House o£
Representatives were disposed of, a
more difficult point presented itself
in the organization of the Senate.
The larger states conteifed that the
same ratio as to states, should bo
common to both branches of the Le
gislature —or, in oitiei ouitls, tliat
each state should be entitled to a re
pres ntation in the Senat , (what
ever might be the number fixed . n)
in proportion to its population, a in
the House of Representatives. . The
smaller states on the other hand con
tended, that the House nf R res; n
tafives might be considered as the
guardian of the liberties of the peo
ple, and therefore ought to bear a
just proportion to their numbers, but
that the Senate represented the sove
reignty of the states —and that as
each state, whether great or small,
was equally an independent and sove
reign state, it ought in this branch of
the Legislature to have equal weight
and authority; without this they said
there could be no security for their
equal rights; and they would by
such a distribution of power be
merged and lost in the larger states.
This reasoning, however plain and
powerful, had but liftle influence on
the minds of Delegates from the lar
ger States —and as they formed a
large majority of the Convention—
(he question, after passing through
the forms of debate, was decided
that cacti State should be represent
ed in the Senate in proportion to its
population.”
When the Convention had adjourn
ed over to the next day, the Dele
gates ol the four smallest States, i. e.
Rhode-Island, Connecticut, Ncw-Jer
sey, and Delaware, convened to con
sult what course was to be pursued
in th - important crisis at which we
have arrived—after serious investi
gation, it was solemnly determined,
to ask for a re-consideration the next
morning ; and if it was not granted, o|
if when granted, that offensive fea
ture of the Cohstitution could not be
expunged, and the smaller States put
upon an equalfooting with the largest,
we would secede from the Conven
tion, and returning to onr constitu
ents, inform them that no compact
could be formed with th*- large states
but one which would sacrifice our
sovereignty and independence.
“ I was deputed,” said General
which this communication should be
made—l know not why, unless it be
that young men are generally chosen
to perform rash actions—according
ly, when the Convention had assem
bled, and as soon as the minutes of
the last sitings were read, I rose and
stated the view wc had taken of the
organization oftbo Senate—our de
sire to obtain a reconsideration and
suitable modification of that article ;
and in failure thereof, our determina
tion to secede from the Convention
and return to our constituents
This disclosure, it may readily be
supposed, produced an immediate
and great excitement iu every part of