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GEORGIA —Twiggs County.
'tV HEREAS Hannah Henderson huthjihis
v v day applied to my so. Letters of Ad
ministration (with the will annexed) on he
estate of John Henderson, late of said co 1-
♦y decM, these are therefore to Cite a 1
admonish all and singular, the kid and
and creditors of said deceased, to app r
at my office within the time prescribed by la ,
ts shew cause if any they have why said li
ters should not be granted.
Given tinder rav hand this 11th M»j
IM?. PETER SOLOMON, c. c.-o.
71—St
ADVERTISEMENT.
fIIHE Officers and Soldiers, who
| performed Military services for
Alie protection of the Frontiers oi
the State of Georgia, in the year, one
thousand seven hundred ninety-two,
three and four, are hereby notified,
that Congress has passed a law, and
bas appropriated a sum of mono',
agreeably to the estimates of the
amount due, mad by Capt. Coustani
Freeman, to pav and satisfy them!
for those services, the payments L
be made under the direction of tin
Secretary ot War. In pursuance oi
which, the Secretary of War, has ap
pointed me the Ag ntofthe govern
ment, to settle and pay off thosi
claims.—All persons interested
aforesaid, are requested to have
tiieir discharges from the proper of
ficers and vouchers, in readiness for
settlement I shall attend at my
office, in the City of Augusta, in the
months of April and May, to -eceivo
all amounts that may be presented
within the vicinity of that place, at
tar which, I shall visit the differen!
Counties in (he State, giving special
notice of the same, so as to afford
every facility to the claim the
opportunity to adjust and settle their
claims, with convenience to the*-
selves.
J W. HUNTER, Agent
Savannah Georgian, Mil-
Isdgeville Journal and Statesman,
will please to publish the above three
months, and forward their accounts
to the subscriber.
Augusta, April 3, 1827 -3m67.
Ey Authority of the Legislature of Georgia.
LOTTERY,
TOR Tf!L BENEFIT *F
w riglitsborougii
ACADEMY.
Voder the Management of
T. WHITE, 1 J. F. HA WILTON,
H. GIBSON. ID. MASSINUALE,
Oi Lift, | W. MoCKAVEN.
T* BOWDRE, Treasurer,
B. PETTIT, Secretary.
SC lIE# IE.
S Prize of $5,000 is $5,000
1 “ “ *,OOO “ a, OOO
1 “ “ 1,000 “ I,oo#
ti “ “ 500 “ 1,000
4 “ “ 30* “ I,Boft
a “ “ 200 “ LufO
JO •* “ 100 “ LOOO
20 “ “ £0 “ 1,000
IC* “ “ 20 “ 2,000
200 . “ “ 6 “ 1,200
I, " “ 4 “ 4,000
8,500 “ “ 2 “ 17,000
2,814 Prizes* 37,40#
2,844 BUnks.
PUICE OP TICKETS. .
Whole Tickets «t 00
Halves 1 00
Quarters 50
Subject to the usual deduction of it feci 1
perctiu ; but no deduction will be made from
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ment. —After dtducUiig the sum to be raised
lor the Benefit ol .hi Academy, and the ne
cessary expenses, from the profits obtaim and
tindtt the Sc euu, whatever may remain, will
oe iciuitd into new Friz s so that the wheil
may he richer lb an appears from the above
fLn ; Tin drawings h II succeid each oihi r
as speedily as the sale of Tickets will permit,
es which due notice will be given.—Attach
orawiug the proportional number ol the smal
ler and larger Pruts will be preserved as
nenty as practicable. Prut* payable Iwen
>y days ftci the completion m toe drav ing,
bu Pa be pauj al any time if a part will b
tuM n m new Tickets (the amount option* n
Us a die owner) uoa the didoction mam
Uotii n at part only paid in cash.
Frizts only drawn.
: ccond Drawing on the Third Saturday in
Msy next. 1
LeiU'S addressed to me (post paid) wil) u
Jpoiuptly attended to.
To Printers. —The Editor ol the Georg-
Patriort being desirous to bring his affairs t
1 close, and collect in his numerous debts,
which during a business of ten years, have
been accumulating in different parts of the
Suite, offers the establishment of the Georgia
Patriot for sale, on accommodating terms, to
an approved purchaser.
To an industrious and intelligent gentle
man, who knows hoiv to shape his politics to
the circumstanc sos the times, his establish
ment offers very great advantages.
During the last two years there have been
from 1,500 to 2,000 papers circulat and weekly
from the office, and it is probable that there
may be a continuation of the latter number ol
responsible subscribers. The advertisug pat
ronage lias also been very consinderablc, and
is increasing.
Le’ters addressed to the Editor (Post Paid )
vviil be at.- nded to.
IdP Editors in this and the neighboring
States will confer a favor by inserting the
above several time*
For Bale or Rent.
ONE of the best and most pleasant house*
in the Town of Miiledgcville, situate in
Liberty Street, nearly opposite George R.
Clayton’s Esq. Any person w ishing to pur
chase a house and lot in this place, w ill get a
great bagair. if application is made soon, or
will get the rent very low for the remainder
of the present year.—Apply to
11. ( osnard.
JUillcdgeville, May 7, 1827. 70 -ts
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.
CONTENTS OF NO. LV.
Article.
I. New Documents concerning Columbus.
Collection dc los Viages y Descubrimi
entos que hicieron por Mar 103 Espanoles
desde Fines del Siglo XV. eon varios Doc
umentos Ineditos concernientes ala Histo
ria de la Marina Castellana, &.c. Por
Don Martin Fernandiz de Navarrettc.
Madrid. 1825.
11. Travels in La Plata and Chile.
Rough Notes taken during some rapid
Journeys across the Pampas and among
the Andes. By Captain F. B. Head.
111. Life of Theobald Wole Tone, and the
Condition of Ireland.
Life of Theobald Wolfe Tone, Founder
of the United Irish Society, and Adjutant
General in the Service of the French and
Batavian Republics : written by Himself ;
with his Political Writings, Fragments of
his Diary, &c. Edited by his Son, M ill
iam Theobald Wolfe Tone.
IV. Kent’s Commentaries on American Law.
Commentaries on American Law. By
James Kent.
V. Policy and Practice of the United States
and Great Britain in their Treatment ol
Indians.
Indian Treaties, and Laws and Regula
tions relating to Indian Affairs j to which
is added an Appendix, containing the Pro
ceedings of the Old Congress, and other
important State Paper;, m relation to In
dian Affairs.
V I. Mrs Hemans’s Poems.
1. The League of the Alps, The Siege of
Valencia, The Vespers of Palermo, and
other Poems.
2. The Fdrest Sanctuary, k ether Poems.
V 11. Critical Notices.
1 Letter to an English Gentleman.
2. Internal Improvement in Georgia.
3. Godman’s Natural History.
4 History of North Carolina.
5. Marsh’s Inaugural Address.
6. Eulogy on Mr. Crafts.
7. Rail Road from Boston to Connecti
cut River.
8. Catalogue of Books in the Bosion
Athenaeum.
9. Hedge’s Abridgement of Brown’s Phil
osophyt
10. Mr \\ ashburn’s Agricultural Address.
11. Nouvelles lace- sur la Popula.tKß
-18. Reports of the Faculty of Amherst
College.
19. Comstock’s Mineralogy.
Quarterly List of New Publications.
April 30, 1827.—69—t5.
POETRY. ~~ r
THE GREEKS. '
The following lines by Mr. Percival, com
posed for the occasion, were sung at an
evening concert in New-Haven, given for
the benefit of the Greeks.
Rouse ye at a nation’s call—
Rouse and rescus one and all—
Help or Liberty shall fell.—
Fall in blood and shame.
Shame to him who coldly draws
Backward from the noblest cause:
Not to him who #glits and fa’s—
His a glorious name.
Sons of more than mortal sires—
They have lit again their fires.
-Ortobe their funeral pyies,
Or their sun of fame.
Here y« not the widow’s cry?
“Help us or we faint and die—
Sec! the murderous foe is nigh—
Hark the wasting dime.
Whether can we fly for aid?
When is now the Warrior’s blade?
Low the mighty heart is laid.
Death alone could tame.
To the mountain —to the cave,
Let us fly and weep the brave.-
Better die th in live a slave —
Better death than shame.
Oh! for!jid it, chosen land!
Open wide the helping hand:
Pour thy corn and wine like sand—
VV hat is wealth to lame?
Quick! before thi flame txpire,
Feed—<•'! feed Ihc holy lire;
Feed—and it shad kindle higher—
Win a generous name.
Americun Manufactures, It
stated that orders have been r ceiv
•*<l at Piti*burg I. r the manuf.ictur
oi eight deam engine*, of twenty-one
horse power, designed expressly tor
woollens. This shews that the pa -
age of the wool bill is calculated
upon at the next session of cuu
glV-ss.
A friend and manufacturer of nm
i tunery in New York, in a letter I
tbo ciucm jay—' I d«'t rccollw
H® tibi erunt artes, pacisque iuiponere morem, et debtllare superbos.— V irgil.
Milledgeville, Monday, May 21, 1827.
that I informed you we had made an
elegant broad cloth power loom to
„o to Leeds, which left this country
last month. This is certainly anew
article of export.”
[Our readers will recollect that a
little while since, see page 81, when
•peaking of the arrest of some per
sons in England lor exporting ma
chinery to France, we recommend
ed that application should be made
to our work-shops, and that “Broth
er Jonathan” would supply certain
important articles of his own “new
contrivance.” Our friend Mr. Brew
ster, who was in Baltimore a day or
two ago, tol/1 11s that the machinery
which he had sent, by order, to Prus
sia, was so much approved, that he
had received fresh orders for the
supply of a quantity of his own ma«
chines and other machinery for the
manufacture of cotton and wool
These are new things and pleas
ant. We like this method ofexport
ing provisions. We pack up 500 or
i,OOO dollars worth of flour, in a
smai! box, and foreigners ar-- made
to contribute to the profits of our
firmers, who will rot directly re
ceive any thing from them ]
APPLE ORCHARDS.
(From the People’s Advocale.)
It is a pleasing thing to me, to
read the experiments and observa
tions of men in our own country, on
any thing that belongs to farming,
and mine may be so to others. I
have been taking observations and
making some experiments on fruit
trees, where I now live, for forty
years past I shall give some direc
tions how to manage an apple or
chard.
When you are about to plant an
apple orchard, you may lay it out in
the following manner: set a stake at
the corner of your orchard and tak
vour course due south, or east, (as
the case may be,) with « cham or
line of two poles long, and set up a
stake at every length for as many
trees as you want to plant ir that
course. Then take off a* a right
angle by a compass or a square, and
set up as many stakes as you want
rows in that direction, and so also
with the other two squares. Then
take a plough and run straight from
stake to stake, and cross it like for
corn; then take a spade and dig a
hole at the cross big enough to re
ceive the roots of the trees without
bending them. Put in a little soil in
the bottom of the hole, before you
set in the tree, and set the tree so
deep as all the roots will be below
plough deep. Give your tree a
small lean to the sun at 1 o’clock,
and fill up the hole with good soil,
and put some clay at top to keep it
firm. By giving the tree this lean
to the south, the top will shade the
body in the heat of the day, which
will be of great service to it in the
dry weather of July and August; and
the high winds in the spring, after
great rains, will set the trees straight.
If the tree should 1 an the oth*r
way the sun will be apt to kill the
bark on t e upper side. When you
plant your trees you should tie broom
sedge about them with the twigs of
willow, or white oak splits. This
will prevent the rabbits from eating
the bark and hinder the sun from
hur'ing thorn in the summer, and as
sist their growth. If you do not
work the ground in corn, or cotton,
you should plough your rows of trees
like corn, to keep the ground m ■ st
bout them, and it will make them
grow the faster. You should keep
the caterpillars from eating the blos
soms and leaves. The caterpillars
lay their eggs in June, on the small
bl anches on the outside of the trees.
Here they remain until March be
fore they hatch. The bunch of egg
is about three-fourths of an inch
long, along the limb, and about one
fourth of an inch thick around the
limb. They are covered with a
black shining substance like varnish
ing, and are laid on the late growth.
These knots can be easiest seen
when the leaves drop off; and at
your leisure in the winter you can
pick them off. Whenever they
hatch, they go up th limb and cat
while the sun is warm In the eve
ning they creep down to some fork
of a limb, where they make a nest
like the spider, and creep under the
web when it is cold or wet And
when it is warm they go to eating;
and when th y have eaten ali the
leaves and blossoms on that branch,
they descend to another fork; and
-o ascend new branches, until th' y
'•at all up, or until they get to their
nil growth. Then they scatter in
I every direction, and creep into som»
close place, where they wind them
-elvcs up in a close silkworm from,
where they remain until they are
ready to go and lay their eggs I
1 hey arc not killed before they mak<
h ir web, the best way to destroy
• hem is, to take a stick or pole and
iuugh«o it, and rua it utfo xko tak
and twist the cateipillars in their
own web, and bring them down and
mash them This must be done in
morning, before they leave their nest;
or in the evening, after they return
from the branches. This you mud
repeat as often as you see them col
lect into the forks of the trees In
this way I keep my orchard clear of
these devourers, excepting those
trees that are very large.
There is another thing that is des
tructive to apple trees*, which 1 call
a cancer, for want of knowing what
it should be called. It is a thing
that erows out of rotten wood that
has bark on. It grows in great plen
ty on old post oak trees. The out
edge isshafp and hard in dry weath
er, but in wet weather it is soft like
a mushroom. This thing starts from
dead water sprouts at the root ofthe
appie tree, and by some means en
ters in between the bark and wood
ofthe flourishing tree in the summer
time, and on the north side of the
tree. When if once gets a start
the sap ofthe tree makes it grow ra
pidly, raises the bark from the tree
and makes way for the thin edge to
grow on between the wood and the
tree; and it will soon burst the bark
so that the brown sap will run out.
By this you will first discover the
cancer, and in a few weeks it will
grow clear round the tree, and so
kill it without fail. When weeds or
grain grow thick about the roots of
tree*, they are the most subject to
be killed thi? way. When you first
discover the sap running out, you
must take your knife and cut all the
growth of the cancer clean off, with
all the bark; for if you leave a p ec<
only as big as the point of a lancet
it will grow, if the bark will si p
from the tree. I have taken a piece
in ht or ti a nches square off the noh
side of a tree,& the tree would live a
number ot years after When you
find any of your trees di that grow
on rich soil, if you find that the bark
is loose from the tro at the root,
and rotten, be sure that it was a
cancer. To prevent this, cut all
your water sprouts close to the tree.
T have lost a number of my best
trees, before I found it out. The
growth of the cancer will he as thick
as sole leather, and of a black colour,
and of aSo firm a substance as to
burst the bark of large trees.
Amongst other things, you must
not neglect to take your gun :a No
vember and December, & kill every
sapsucker that vi*u can sco cutting
holes in the bark of your trees to
drink the sap; for they will destroy
the tree at last, unless you destroy
them.
If you want to ke> p your peach
trees alive, you must take the troub
le to take the grub worms out of the
roots of the trees, for they are in
plenty in every tree from one end of
the year to the other. They enter
in through the biirk of tree at
the surface ofthe ground when they
are no larger than a grain of wheat,
and they stay*and eat the outside of
th wood until they are as big as
one’s little finger. Sometimes there
will he a dozen of them in on* tree.
When you go to hunt them, clear
away the earth from the root ofthe
tree, take your knife and rub off the
gum which comes out of the hoh
that they entered in; cut the bark
through, and follow the way they
have taken. Sometimes they are
above, and sometimes below It
took me one whole day to clean sixty
trees last spring Do r.ot throw
back the dirt to the root, hut let the
water stand about the root, for after
the bark is opened the water will
kill them that it gets at, if you should
not find them.
The time to prune trees, is in the
summer. At the first sight of a
water «prout, or a small limb grow
ing where it should not, you must
cut it close to the tree. If this is
done, the tree will soon grow smooth
over it; and never cut off a limb
thicker than your thumb- II you do,
the tree will seldom overgrow it.
These things I will hold to be
true.
JAMES HARRIS
York District, S. C. Feb 1,1827.
Ra/lwavs. Our readers will per
use with no ordinary degree ol sati-.-
liiction, the following testimony in
favor of railway communications.-
It i-> extracted from the letter oi a
gentleman travelling in England, da
ted 14i h Feb. 1827:—“The engi
neer and myself having comph ted,
;O our satisfaction, an inve-tigation
of the railways of his kingdom, he
parts from me this day to embark in
one of the first packets lor Nevv-
York Although 1 have been tor
Itv o months examining railways, 1
in in a greater state of admiration
than ever about them As to thi
idtcnomens of the Hetton railway,
■tj can scarcely believe them true
.hen tn Ihe midst of them—lt will
took to 700 kjp rtjcit/yfJuniJ to
fVoL. 11. No. 20.— Whole No. 72.
speak of twenty-four empty waggon*,
weighing more than thirty tons, be
ing forced up hill, all the way by
steam, at the rate of eighteen, miles
an hour, and this upon a plane a
mile and a half long. I came down!
the plane, standing upon a knee o
the hindmost wagon of 24 loaded
ones, weighing altog ther one hur.
dred ton*; they descend tho plane bv
their own gravity, at first slow and
with a solemn sort of grumbhng; bn*
when the acceleration gathers to a
head, it is as fearful as it is beautiful
They are the popular mode of com
munication here. Great Britain will
soon be covered with them. We
•could not have constructed a good
one without coming over to exam
ine the defects ofthe existing ones
here, for it is only the perfections ap
pear in the public works on rail
ways.”
From Niles’ Register.
The Agriculture of the United States.
After considerable reflection on
tho subject and careful references to
some ofthe important statistical facts
that bear upon it, we have reached
the conclusion- —that, at no previous
time, during the period of our qp
tional existence, has the state of our
agriculture more imperiously de
manded the serious reflection and
care of a wise and paternal 'govern
ment, than at the present moment,
Th ugh there is. perhaps, 1 ss of
actual suffering in the United States
than in any other country under
heaven, a great degree of pecuniary
distress and private embarrassment
prevails; and “the prospect be
fore us'’ is, unless the profound at
tention of our statesmen shall be ex
cited and exerted to relieve the peo
ple, that we cannot advance to those
high destinie to which our republic
seems call*d, so certainly and rapid
ly as w ought. We totally disavow
any desire to build up a forced or
artificial system, for the benefit of
any class of individuals, even for tli
agricultural and though they make
up about three fourths of our whole
population—but hold it expedient
and proper, at all times, and in be
half even of an individual citizen, to
profit bv all the advantages which
God and nature have given, to pro
mete “ the general welfaie,” by se
curing th* happiness and prosperity
of all, and each through wholesome
employment and reasonable compen
sation for labor. Foreign commerce,
as to many of our late most valuable
commodities, fails to produce its
former effects, and men have b en
compelled to turn their attention to
new articles ; and the mighty chan
ges which have taken place in the
condition of our country, in various
and important respects, should in
spire us with deep and solemn con
siderations as to the future ; and
indignantly forbid a yielding to tem
porary or political-party purposes,
whatever may impede the march of
■ Tosperity. or cause abandonments
of immutable principles of right. It
i« the gift of PROVinEacE, that these
United States should be free, inde
pendent and happy—*nd it depends
upon ourselves whether we will re
tain or cast away the blessings be
stowed The policy of this repub
lic, whether it regards agriculture,
manufactures or commerce, interior,
or exterior, must not be subjected to
the caprices of transient parties or
made a matter for political bargain
ing—as has been partially the case
heretofore, as it appears probable,
may be attempted again
Thes general remarks naturally
occurr and when we sat down to make
some observations on the past, pre
sent and probable state of our agri
cutturalists —in which we hope to
adduce some facts a*d opinions that
will lead many to a serious consider
ation as to that policy which ought
to he steadily pursued. We iiaxe
no manner of reference to local cir
cumstances or peculiar things, ex
cept as they shall appear to affect
the well-being of th* community at
large—and, let factions and parties
draw their political or geographical
lines as they may, we never yet
have believed that there is any ma
terial diver*ity of interest among the
widely scattered people of the Uni
ted Slates; and that, in matters of
business, the same amicable compro
mises do, or may, exist, which have
been established in our political con
stitution under which we have had
“ peace, liberty and safety.’’ howev
er much we have been agitated by
political feelings—and the jarring
between ins and outs, with the uitr;-
gu * of tb**e who, in the langage ol
l)e Witt Clinton, have seemed as if
| they would “ rather r«ign in li—l
I than serve in heaven. ’’
The chief products ol our agricul
ture are vegetable and animal food
and wool, tobacco and cotton, wAh
'•ousiderable ouantitif* of flax an
.ernp, sugar be. hut -hal! priori
-1 ally confine our r Siufcs tv
and fin £rn
S4 IF NOT PAID IN SIX MONTHS.
Vegetable and animal food (except
rice) are the main agricultural pro
ducts, for export, from the states
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu
setts, Rhode Island, Conu*cAicut,
Vermont, New York New Jersey,
Penn*ylvania, Delaware, Kentucky,
Ohio Indiana, Illinois —and partly so
of M -Hyland, Virginia, Tennessee
and Missouri. We shall take the
three first and the three last years
inserted in the valuable table given
in the 28tfi volume of this work,
page 329, to see what progress we
have made as to the export of vege
table and animal food :
Flour, bbls.
1791 619,681
1792 *824,464
1793 1,074,639
2,518,784
Beef Pork*
1791 72,771 27,781
1792 74,638 88.098
1793 75,106 38,563
212,515 104,443
104,442
316,657
Flour, barrels,
1822 877,866
1823 756,702
1824 996,702
2,581.269
Beef, Fork.
182* 97,610 68,353
1823 61,418 55,529
1824 66,074 67,229
225,102 191,11#
191,110
416,212
Shewing an increase in thirty five
years, during which the population
ofthe producing states has been al
most trebled, of only 62,485 bbls. of
flour and 99,255 barrels of beef and
pork in three year*, or a yearly in
creased export of 21,000 bbls, of
flour and 33,000 barrels of beef and
pork And, in th* years 1791, 1793
and 1793 we exported 373,352 tier
c.es of rice, and only 301,683 in tho
years 1822, 1823 and 1824
It is the quantity that establishes
ihecapacity to produce,or the amount
of the foreign demand; but if th©
money-value of these articles is re
garded, it is probable that those ex
port* and in the three first years was,
nearly, twice as large us that ofthoso
exported in the three last. Such
value was not given in the official
papers until the year 1803, and, re
ferring again to the table, we have
the following items:
Flour — dolls. lleej <J- Pork — dolls.
1803 9,310,000 4,135,000
1804 7,100,000 4.300,000
1805 8,325,000 4,111,000
24,735,000 12,676,000
12,676,000
Together £.37,311,000
Flour — dolls. Beef if Pork — dolls',
1822 5,103,000 2,529,000
1823 4,962,000 2,461,000
182# 6,759,000 2,628.000
15,824,000 7,618,000
7,618,000
Together £23 442.000
So wc sec that the money-valuo
ofthe chief agricultural products ex
ported from the many states named,
was fourteen millions of dollars and
considerably exceeding on* half more
m 1803, 1804 and 1805, than in
1822, 1823 and 1824, The value
of the rice exported bears fully tho
-amo proportion in favor of the ear
liest years. There are no speciali
ties in thesi selections —for the ear
liest and the latest years gtren in
the table are offered, and almost any
one of the early years compared
with another ofthe later, will ehevy
the same general fact.
With these results before ns, it h
perfectly plain, or, indeed, self evi
dent that the numerous people of tho
grain-growing and grazing states en
umerated above, and containing
about three-fourths of all the peoplo
of the United States, could not pos
sibly depend upon the foreign de
mand for their surplus productions :
lienee it was indispensable to theic
existence, perhaps—at least, to thcif
reasonable comfort, (which the hu
man laws can rightfully deprive theru
„f,) that they should turn their at
ution to other matters —and they
hhve vested, probably, about 300
millions of dollars in manufacturing
establishments in tho breeding oi
• ep, and in commerce and naviga
tion, and the fisheries, to employ
li.eir surplus population, and givt>
oread to the hungry The present
.iiiniifd value ofthe products of sheep
because of their 'cool and skids only,
is about twice or thrice as large
hat of ah tli* flour or tobacco at
n sent exported, however mu b
latter art ides engag* the oat i n
i and imbues «ri yv'dlic on. to*