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N.‘ VV. COAST.
‘WaßOte Paris lourn.il Des Debats, Jan. 11.
Iff be true (hat a dis-t ussi n is like
s between Russia, England
■B: United States, relatively to thy;
fflß-wesi Coast „f America, the fol-
letter, in which some observa-,
HHxl illustrations are addressed to j
s. iiPreference to a note whiih we i
upon one passage in the'Mes
iijywf the President to Congress, may
flfraaome interest. We shaft follow ,
iSomr observations of our ow n:
—ln adverting to some expres-!
HB) the Message of the President
States, relating to the!
EnH-west Coast cf America, the |
|: Courier has stated, somewhat;
§^Rngly, v indeed, that this'coast was:
BBxplored by Captain Cook. You :
BBrectified this error upon tolerably ]
Stßgrounds. It is certainly a fa< t, i
■Before the voyage of Cook to the;
Coast, which did not take!
MB until the year 1778. many Ras- |
English navigators had alrea- !
■Krited it mote than two centuries
|He. I believe it was Cabrillo, a !
nfish navigator, who first visited it
■H|4 o
But you add, that England, as you
Bfte, ceded in 1789. all the claims
Mpling from prior discovery, if not ]
Hnnt of right, at least in point of!
Mb by renouncing the ptoject of
■Png an establishment at Nootka
|Bd. This is not correct.
1798, England manifested the
of forming a peimanent es-
Bhrmnt at Nootka Sound, where
already carried on a con-
Babie trade in furs,&c. &c. Spain
Bnly formally opposed herself to
■project, but she seized all the
factories employed in the
H along that coast, and she ejected
■Kress at Nootka. The English
Brnmeni, diiected at that time by
cßeiebrated itt, expressed strong
fitted out large armaments,
■Hhreatened to detlaie war against
if she did not give satisfaction to
SBand
Bfter many negotiations, which it
08l be too tedious to recapitulate
K the Cabinet of Madrid, having
all hope of being supported
(who was then too much oc
jHnl with her own troubles,) and be
<B) no condition to strtiggle single
tßd with her powerful adversary,
nßasobliged to yield to the imperi-
H|w of necessity, C)n the 28th ol
||pd with England, by which all the
SB at iasuewere decided in favor of
■Bter powet. The fiist article of
■Convention states, that ‘the build -
gßpid districts situated on the N.
of North America, or on the
jjlßnt islands, of which the subjects
BBl; itannic Majesty had been dis.-
mßped the month of April,
be restored to his Britannic
Bty’b said subjects,’ &G
“Be execution of this convention
cpßcnced difficulties which were
Jt ijlßiilly arranged until the 23d of
!&•■* 1795. The Spanish fort was
zvßo the ground, the English flag
MBmted at Nootka, as a sign of pos
B and ever since Great Biitain
spfßined this important place,winch
her the fur trade of North
rrt&uca and the fisheries of the Soutii
:a* have the honor to be, See.
“D L.”
Thf|ex'planation gived by M D. L.
Hibrts, without contradiction, the ex
fMlfh with respect to the establish*
the isle of Nootka Sound,
nW'frf tn itself; only it must be
rnafted, that England has not kept
Jlßluest garrison on that point.—
At till after 1816, that posts of
BBters belonging to the United
mpatiics of the North West and
after having passed the
ckMountains, established therri
s .Bona part of the Continental
■Ko which they have given the
Bt)l New Caledonia. Ihe exis
DARIEN GAZETTE.
DARIEN, (oeoihua,) <fi*ual anti <£;ract- 3!usttcc. Tuesday, AP JL27. 1824.
I : :
/ r
tence of these establishments was °nly
known at London, from ttye account of
a vovage printed in the Jynited S’ates.
New Caledonia extends to the north
of New-Georgia, so na/ned by Captain
Vancouver, who made a map ol it and
took possession of it in the name of
England, in 1795.
The United State**, on their side,
pretend bv the acquisition of Louisiana,
that thev have obtained rights to the
famous West rivet, exploied by the
French,and named by the Americans
Columbia. They have explored the
coins * of it with much success, and
they keep up military posts at the
month and on some other points.
The course ofiilie river has this par
ticularity in it, that it is formed of two
great rivers, one from the North,whii h
j unites almost all the waters of New :
i Caladonia, and the oilier, flowing fr *m
j the South, receives many livers, com
i mg from sew California: so tHSt the
basin of the Columbia, very narrow on
the maiitime coast, takes an immense,
developement in the interior. This
district of Oiegan, which ihe United
States consider as their property, me
naces at the same time both the Span
ish and English frontiers.
A third nation has advanced into
these ulcultivated countries. The
Russians have formed in one of the isles
adjacent to New Caledonia, the estab
lishment of Sitka, or New Archangel;
they have treated as subjects the insu
la’ Indians to the 51st degree of lati
tude and passing before Nootka Sound
and the mouth of ihe Columbia they
have established a permanent. Post at
Bogeda at thirty-eight degrees, in Cal
ifornia. There has, therefore, been
confusion between all these occupa
tions.
But, dismissing, for a moment, the
Russians, the English anri the United
States, we ask when, and how, (he
King .f Spain has renounced his An
cient rights to the whole of the coasts
from the fifty-eight degree north, as
fat as California, coasts discovered and
repeatedly visited by Spanish naviga
toisin 1543, in >SBB. in 1642, and in
1774? i'he king of Spain ceded, in
1789 and 1 ( 95, the single point of oc
cupation of Nootka; hut the cession of
one spot does not tarry with it the ces
sion of all the rest, and respecting
which the Treaties cited by D L. are
silent.
Spain appea s to us, therefore, to
have a right to be included in the ne
gotiations opened between England,
the United Slates, and Russia, on the
subject of these disputed countries.
\_Hear both sides,' j
From the Charleston Courier.
To THE EDITOR.
Sir—Supposing that you are wil
ling to hear aigumenis in favor, as
w eil as against toe Tai iff Bill, you will,
by giving ih following a place in vour
paper, oblige THE AUTHOR.
Jacks on borough, fS. C.f'A/iril 12.
Perceiving in most of the new spa-
P cl . s ’ g'oposed Tariff Bill,
which is.now agitated in Gongiess, is
viewed by nutnbeis, as something
dreadful in effect, as injurious 10 the
agricultural interest as smarms of lo
custs and caterpillars; and the advo
cates ol the measure in Congress, ate
considered the worst of enemies, who
loi their own interest, are prepared to
violate the Constitution, and ail the
moral obligations which have hitherto
bound us luge the : these direful fore
bodings, have caused me to investigate
the subject, particularly as I am an
agriculturist, and the consequences
wou’ui be as disasterous to me. as* to
any of my lellovv-citizens. I> ought to
be remtrtibeied, that this odious bill
has, lot two y eats, been lecommended
to Cong'ess by our illustrious Piesi
deut, wno is himself a planter ot Vit
ginia; tiia it is approved of by Mi.
Carbonn,* who is alsoli coiton planter,
and who is thought by must of us, qual
ified and worthy lo succeed Mi. Mon
roe, as President; and that it is suppor
! led in Congress, by gentlemen w ho arc
alike dis inguished lor their talents and
j their pan loti^m.
! Lis said, that if this bill passes, the
British will immediately resort to
, countervailing dimes, winch would ex
clude our cotton from her markets.—
j I I'is I deny, because ihe smallest ad
ditional duty would opeiatt as a boun
| * 1 presume Mr. Calhoun is favorable to
the 1 ai-ifl, as he voted against repealing the
1 Double Duty Law.
ty on other cottons, which would be
contrary to her invariable policy, of
purchasing the raw material cheap,
and making a profit thereon, and we
have a recent ex tmpie before us, as
relates to the duties on tire; that which
is pounded in America, pays 15 shil
lings per ctvt. while the rough rice
pays only seven pence half penny per
bushel, being equal t >2s 6 I per cwt.
when pounded in Britain. I think it
must be conceded, that there is no
friendship in trade; that merchants pur
chase nothing from favor, but are al
ways actuated fiom motives of interest.
Therefoi e, should England, contrary
tlrher interest, exclude our cotton, ii
would.be sure to produce, not only her
ruin, but starvations her manufactures
and poorer class of subjects. Indeed,
I would as soon suspect a man of lay
ing waste his own estate, to spite his
neighbors, as that England would pass
such a law; for if she was desirous of
encouraging insurrection and rebel
lion, she could not adopt a mote effec
tual plan. I therefore think, I have
shown that Britain would not, nor
could not exclude from hei markets,
our cotton.
Anothet evil that is to attend this
bill, is a reduction in the value of eve
ry article; but cotton, in particular, is
to he worthless. I would like to he
informed, by those, who entertain such
opinions, what lias cfmsed cotton and
most other articles, to be so reduced in
pi ice, that even prudent plantet h can
scarcely keep from ruin; for this state
‘ofthiugs has occut red, without this odi
ous law; audit ought to be recollected
that every article brought fair prices
for more than two years after the peace,
and when the double duty law was in
force; neither did thcßiitish retaliate,
by excluding our cotton. The present
low price prove what has been admit
ted by the Charleston protest, viz: that
there are more aititles raised, than
are required for foreign consumpti on;
and that large quantities of other cot
tons competing with ours, ate the line
.tause of its decline; and lhe*e is reason
to fear that it will heroine a worthless
article. Yet it would seem that the
policy of these very gentlemen, is to
inciease the quantity of evety at tide;
for il laboring men cannot find em
ployment in manufa< luring establish
ments they must, from necessity, be
mostly cultivators This method of
rewarding ag> ictilturai indusi ry, is con
trary to common experience; foi we
find that whenever there is 100 much
of au article in rrniket, the price is
su r e to decline, and vice versa; and all
the commetcial advices from Em ope,
prove this doctrine to he correct. I
consider it as necessary for the pur
suits of the people to he divided, as il
would be absurd for us to be ail law
yers, or doctors. We have found, and
always may find, a market abroad foi
a surplus; but it. is vain to expect to
send abroad the agricultural product
of a population of seven or eight mil
lions of persons
It is said mat this tariff law, if ex
tended beyond the amount of revenue,
would be unconstitutional. Such an
argument would appiy to every kind of
improvement. Yet some of loose who
are so clamourous against machines
for spinning and weaving, are great
advocates for the state and general
governments making internal improve
ments. What is this hut machines of
a different kind? and in its operation,
more partial and Unjust, inasmuch as
it taxes the inhabitants of the lower
section of the couotiy to make im
plements, which te and to diminish
the value of their produce; as it is in
strumental in bringing into the maike;,
fiomthe upper comm y, articles dial
would have oeen ext hided. I am not
opposed to internal improvements, nut
merely use the argument to shew the
inconsistency of those who ate constant
ly crying oui r .‘iet trade regulate itself.’
Laws to regulate trade, are as neces>sa
iy as laws to govern men; and the ex
perience of tile world proves it.
We ate told by Di. Cooper, that
the English ate tired of their restric
live system, but he has given us oo
proof ot inis. On the contrary, we
find that she adhere rigidly to her Ta
iifts, and even now excludes the liish
whiskey notwithstanding their union.
He also admits that the English do not
consume oui eatables, because,he says,
they need no„e of them. Then what
need of their prohibitory laws which
ceitainly excludes them; for none but
the m h can tat >ite which has paid a
duty ol 15 shillings per cwt. He fur-
ther infoims us that the balance of
trade is in onr favor—vet the rate of
exchange provesthe reverse. Again,
he says ihe consequence of the Tariff
will he, to increase the price of tin i
rtianufac.ilres; in his own words, to
make the planter give four bushels of
grain, for what now costs him three.—
i he result of expet ienre relutes this
assertion—for jt is known that only the
coarser cloths are protected by ‘lie pre
sent Tariff, and already they ate to be
purchased, of a better quart v, and at a
chtaper rate, than thev were ever ob
tained f:om Europe or India. Again,
he says, that tne British have neverj
passed laws for the protection of their!
woollen manufactures; this their s<atute
book vvjj| prove that lie is mistaken in. I
1 lie Eui opean nations have at
discovered the true cause of English
greatness, which is the result of her
I afiff law’s, giving encouragement to
her maim fact uiing industry, and which
is likewise sure to encourage all other
branches of business. Asa pr oof of
this, wherever they have established
manufactories, the value of lands has
instantly im ceased. We find ail me
Ftiropean S’atesare following her ex
ample, by increasing their tariff laws,
yet we are told a similar policy would
prove our ruin. This doctrine is as
reasonable, as if my neighbor, who had
liis tide swamp well drained, which is
ali-irnpoi tant lor ensui ing large crops,
were to advise me not to follow his ex
ample, but to to hav e my fields in quag
gy, or nearly ina state of naiute.—
i ins coincides with the advice given
by the English. They are quite sick
of their reseactive system, but will not
depart from it.
II the commerce of this country
were prosperous, there would be the
b st reason for adhering to the system.
Bnt this t fie rates of interest pr ove oth
•wise; for ii is a maxim, that in pro
portion to ill e prosperity of a country,
so is the interest of money reduced;
foi money, like gooos, grain, or am
other at tit le, is a commodity, and
when there is a large supply in market,
can always be hid on good ter ms; but
when tile, e is a s< arcity, the interest
must he high. This is precisely out
case; for planters woi tii frond fifty to a
httti re cl tiiousand dol'ars, cannot bor
row, hut on usurious terms —while io
England, money can he bad at three
per cent.
Indeed, I consider the present state
of the cquntry imperiously to call for
a well regulated Tar iff law; and if I
had doubts on the subject, I would,
notwithstanding, he lor Hying tlie ex
perimeii!— for I think our situation
cannot be much worse.
A Rice and Cotton Planter.
from the Savannah Georgian 14 mst.
If ever mere was a time for me uni
on and energy of ail the talent in Con
gress, it is this. The question under
discussion is one involving a more ex
tended m erest, and more important as
to its effects, titan any that has come be
fore Congress since the war It there
is any inietest demanding the fostering
hand of government, it is that which
must he the mos; seriously and ruinous
ly affected—the shipping interests of
the north and the agricultural interest
of the south. Is diis a time to tamper
with our resources? Is this the time to
oppressthose whoare laboring under .he
operation of the most painful & adve-se
circumstances? when the produce of
our soil is depressed to a price offord
iug hardly a living to the cultivator,
much less a means of paving his debts,
whilst that upon which his only hope
depends, is finding a rival ;n every
pan of the globe? Yet this is the pe
riod chosen to impose burthens upon
commerce, and by heavy imp shions to
dri'e from our market the purchaser,
whos place will not be supplied fora
century by the home mar ket, which
they tell ns they intend to gi e us. If
the proposed tariff, go into operation,
the greatest sufferings must and will
fall upon this section of the union
W are on the eve of adopting a system
which the enlightened nations, of 4he
earth are casting bom them as worse
than worthless, & which the most despo-.
tit monarch of the most barbarous peo
ple on the continent of Europe is adop- j
ting with us—a system at war with the
principles ol onr government—unjust
in its operation—intended to foice tiro
existence exientive establishments,des-:
tractive to the morals of the communi
ty, and benefii iai only to the great cap
italist. We may well fear the result.
[ Commerce of Georgia. —lt appeals 1
by a state accompany the Annu
al R’ port ofv the Secretary if the
I reasurv, ontiiKCommetce and Nav
igation of the U StW-jj i iiat in 1 82 1. the
value ol the expottsvy, ( ,ni ( hj s s i a e,
of domestic produce iitXnietica and
foreign vessels,* as g 5, (8 22,
g 5.483.219 and in r,at
Hie American tonnage entered, in
1821, 24,075 and departing 41.468; in
1822, 12,789 entered and 33860 de
parted, and ih 1823, 14,437, enreied
and 36,434 departed. The foreign pro
tluc e exported in 1821, was 31,3 15; in
1 822, 1 650, and in 1823 13,781. /he
value of imports du> mg the yea: 1821,
was 1,002,634, in 1822,989,591 and in
1823, 670,705.
The apparent decrease in ‘lie exports
from this state, is accounted for bv the
fact that the export of cotton coastwise,
during the la-t year, was very large
The above is the foreign export alone—
I he total expo is of this state last year,
was much greater than usual.
The following is the amount of arti
cles and their marker value, annu. tly
manufactured for sale, in each rotm
ty of the state of Geo gia, as would
be liable io duties if imported from for
eign countries as also the amount of
capital invested in each county, res
pectively as furnished bv ‘he report
of the Secretary of Stale, made to Con
gt (, ss. There is no incot pot aied capi
tal in this slate. 1 he; articles inarm
faclunjd, include agricultural M.pie
nunisTWnoes, chairs,-Goins, flout, t ,h
----inet furniture, hats, castings, leather,
lumber, rifles, cS’c
C Amount & f
| Number , value of dti i Capital
Coun. of inaiitj- pliable invested.
j factories, j civs ruai.u- j
L J faciured. L
Kaldwin, 6 8,454
Chatham, 5 20,oU(l
Columbia, 7 1u,155
Esrly, 2 J.'JjU
Elbert, 4 l'J.O.itl 3,409
Franklin 1 i, UIJ y
Gwinnett, 5 Joo ■
Hall, 10 22,414
Jackson, 16 5j 575
Jasper, 3 8.500 6.600
Jefferson, 1 7,303 4.300
Jones, IQ 54,4uU 2u,085
Laurens, 6 9,57
Liberty, 2 1,000
I incoln, 3 9,300 5,130
Morgan, 15 65,659
Pulaski, 9 18,652 4,591
fhciimond, 6 191,000 77,000
Warren, 3 3,10 0
v\ asn’ir, 4 40,055
V\ tikes, 5 10.3J0 6,700
Aggregate of Geo. 494,752 219^5
Neither the National Gazette, nor
the Franklin Gazette are pleased wnh
Mr. Low tie’s letter. Tlrec tJnok it
very rude and ihsi he ought not to be
believed, because he has dared to de
fend himself against the aspersions of
Mr. Findlay. G -Heral Jackson and Mr.
Monroe. Suppe.se, lor a moment, that
ail those gentlemen have so tar forgot
ten themselves and the truth as to as
sert that to be true which Mi. Low ie
has ‘■'incontrovertible evidence within
his own power” 10 prove to be false, is
he not bound to give the truth? Is it
not his duty to his country, his friends
and himself, to spread the truth befnie
the public? We are glad ’hat we have
been the means ol bringing this matter
fully and lairly before the nation. The
faits must all come out. Ther e must
be no holding back. The people have
too much interest in the truth to per
mit it to be concealed. Let its have
light. We must not be left to grope
in the dark after the principles of cur
public men. Whoever is in eiror
whoever is mistake'll, who* ver has for- ‘
gotteti, or whot-ce. may stiffef in pub
lic estimation, is compat aiively of no
moment, to the as* ertaining of the
truth Jnsiir e cannot he done without
the ti utii be made manifest. No com
bination of names, no-vague or unsup
ported assy 11 ion, will be received a
gainst the evidence of facts. Lei us
• rave substance not shadows. We ato
a thinking people and will submit to
tiutit lather than to Autfioiity. Ours
is a Government of Principles not of
men. Things not Names will influ
ence and govern a sensible and public
spit tied community. Once again w e
congratulate the public on the certain
prosper! „f ascertaining all the facts.—
Demo Press.
A Curiosity. — A cast s<eel chip,
thirty-tfuee feet tong, and weighing
only half an ounce, was lately made m
the machine shop of tne Cotton Fac
to 1 v at Metedua,N. H .—Mobile Com,
1 Register,
JK'O. 15.