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CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL.
AUGUSTA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 1.
it %
FOR PRESIDKNT,
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON,
Os Ohio;
The invincible Hero of Tippecanoe —the incor
ruptible Statesman —the inflexible Republican—
the patriot Farmer of Ohio.
FOR VICE-PRESIDENT,
JOHN TYLER,
Os Virginia ;
A State Rights Republican of the school of ’9B—
—of Virginia’s noblest sons, and emphatically
one of America’s most sagacious, virtuous and
patriotic statesmen.
TOR ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT,
GEORGE R. GILMER, of Oglethorpe.
DUN :AN L. CLINCH, of Camden.
JOHN WHITEHEAD, of Burke.
CHARLES DOUGHERTY, of Clark.
JOEL CRAWFORD, of Hancock.
SEATON GRANTLAND, of Baldwin.
CHRISTOPHER B. STRONG, of Bibb.
JOHN W. CAMPBELL, of Muscogee.
EZEKIEL WIMBERLY, of Twiggs.
ANDREW MILLER, of Cass.
WILLIAM EZZARD, of DeKalb.
FOB CONGRESS,
WILLIAM C. DAWSON, of Greene.
£. A. NISBET, of Bibb.
J. C. ALFORD, of Troup.
R. W. HABERSHAM, of Habcrsfaajn.
T. B. KING, of G ynn.
LOTT WARREN, of Sumpter.
R. L. GAMBLE, of Jefferson.
T. F. FOSTER, of Muscogee.
J. A. MERIWETHER, of Putnam.
The Array JBill.
This Bill, which Mr. Vsji Buren in his late mes
sage tp Congress, could not “ recommend too strong
ly to their consideration,” will be found in this
morning’s paper, to which we invite the carefnl
attention of every citizen of Georgia. We ask
them to read it again and again, and when they
have carefully peruse.d it to lay it aside for future
refeieuce, as we -shall have frequent occasion to
refer to it. To show our readers the estimation in
which this very alarming and dangerous measure
is held by Mr. .Van Buren. We give them the fol
lowing extract f.om his message.
“ 7he present condition of the defences of our
seaports and navy yar.ls, as represented
by Lie accompanying reprrt of the Secretary of
War, calls for the early and serious attention of
and as connecting it-elf intimately with
this subject, I cannot recommend too strongly
to your consiieration the plan submitted by that
officer, for the organization of the militia of the U.
'Stales.”
Here then we have Mr. Van Burens endorsement
of this plan which proposes in the language of
his Secretary, Mr. Poinsett, “ to divide the United
States into eight military districts, and to organ
ize the militia in each district, so as to have a
body of twelve thousand five hundred men in ac
ttve service, and another of equal number as a
reserve.” Thereby placing at tne command of the
President, and subject to his order, “ an armed mili
tia force of TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND
MEN.”
We oppose this measure of the President because
it is violative of the Constitution,dangerous to the
liberties of the country, onerous upon every citizen
who may be subject to da Military duty, and be
cause it places in the hands of one mao, the Presi
dent, more power than we as an American citizen
are willing to yield to any man, however pure he
may be, or however little he may be disposed to
exercise his authority to the prejudice of the rights
of the States orths liberty of the Citizen.
We regard It as unconstitutional, and to show
how well founded is this objection, we copy the on
ly clauses of the Constitution of the United States
which grant any power to any officer or depart
ment of the Federal I *, ovemment, over the militia
of the States. They are in the following words :
Clause 15, section b, and Ist article. —“Congress
shall have power to provide for calling forth the
jniitia to execute the laws of the Union , suppress in
sun eel ions, and repel invasions.'”
Clause 16.—“ To provide tor organizing, arming,
and disciplining the militia, and fur governing such
pait of them as may be employed in the seivice of
the United States, iesei ving to the States respective
ly the appointment of the officers, and the authority
of training the milif.ia, according to the discipline
prescribed by Congress.
The Ist clause, 2d section, 2d article.—“ The
President shall be commandei-in-chief of the aimy
and navy of the United States, and of the militia of
the several States, U'hrn called into the actual ser
vice of the United States .”
Under the Constitution which Mr, Van Buren
has sworn to support, we ask his fiiends to poin
out the power which i? any where granted in that
instrument, to call forth the militia, except for the
expressed purpose of executing the laws of the
Union, suppressing insurrections, or repelling in
vasions.
What laws of the Union are in danger of being
resisted ? —when and where is there likely to be
an insurrection, or an invasion, that this enormous
armed force must be placed in “ active service,”
at the disposal ol this self-styled, democratic Pre
sident, Martin Van Lureq ? Arp the laws resi.-t
--ed ? No. Is there any insurrection, or any hos
tile force invading the country to destroy the peace
and quiet of our citizens ? No. All is quiet from
pjje extreme of tlje Union to the other, save within
the confines of ill-fated Florida. Then it is clear
that none of those i xtraprdinary exigencies exist,
•which the Coos itution contemplates should exist,
to invest the President of the United States with
these high and de icate powers.
But it may -.e contended by the President and his
friends that they only contemplate to descipline and
tram the raiJiLa. Where, we ask, does the consti
tution grant sq, b power t> the President over the
militia of the States ? The power of training, and
the militia of the Slates, belongs ex-
clusively to the States, of which they are citizeis, 1
except when they are in such actual service of the
United States, as is contemplated by the Constitu
tion, viz. the execution of the laws, the suppres
sion of insurrection and the repelling invasion ;
then and only then does the Constitution give to
the President the power to train and discipline
them.
If such powers are no where granted as are
sought in this plan of Mr. Van Buren, and tis Se
cretary, it is cleirly unconstitutional and therefore
dangerous to the safety of the republic, and liberty
of the citizens. We might and may add much
more on this point but it appears so obvious to our
mind as to require no farther elucidation.
The other objections which we entertain to this
most stupendous engine of exejutive power and
most daring and dangerous infraction of the consti
tution of our country, we shall present in future
. uumbers, and in the mean time we beseech every
man who prizes his lioerty or the constitution of
his country to weigh well the consequences of such
a measure.
*■ 03* We commend the following article from the
Baltimore Patriot, to the especial attention of the
Editor of the Constitutionalist. What say 3*oll,
citizen Guieu, will 3-ou retract, “play mum,” or
answer “hard cider” ? Let us hear from you:
Charles A. Wickliffe —This gentleman is
now act*ng Governor of Kentuck}*. A few days
since a Loco Foco paper in New York, called the
New Era, published a paragraph saying that he
had declared for Mr. Van Buren. The paragraph
was dul>* copied into the Richmond Enquirer. We
said in noticing the Enquirer’s slander on Mr.
Speaker Hunter, that he would have to retract the
charge, as soon as it had time to reach Kentucky
and return back on him. How far we were cor
rect, and what will be the astonishment and indig
nation of Governor Wickliffe when he hears it,
may be inferred from the fact that on Friday the
19th instant, (the very day the slander appeared
in the Enquirer,) a great Whig meeting was held
in Henry County, and the very first speaker who
addressed the meeting was Charles A. Wicklili’e !
Whilst he was thus defending with his transcend
ant the cause of his country, and rousing
up his fellow citizens to a sense of the dangers
which beset them from Loco Focoism, at that very
moment it was accusing him of having united with
those whose principles he was denouncing ! Is it
not t>o bad that a man’s reputation can thus be,
even for a da3 r , lied away ?
From the Baltimore Patriot .
Mr. Hunter, the Speaker. —The editor of
the Richmond Enquirer, in the desperation to
which he finds his party driven, is claiming eve
ry prominent WBig as a Loco Foco, from his pe
culiar position or indisposition to take an ac
tive part til politics, will not come out in the
papers and denounce the Administration and
its imbecile head. Last week it laid violent hands
on Mr. R M. T. Hunter, the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, and other distinguish
ed men, citizens of Kentucky. 'The latter have
not yet had an opportunity of replying to the
slander; but the lormer has, and hence, in the
Enquirer of Tuesday, we following.*
“We stated in the last Enquirer, on what we
conceived to be unquestionable authority, that Mr.
R. M. T Hunter, Speaker of the House of Repre
sentatives. had declared his intention to vole for
Mr. Van Buren. We are now authorized to
slate that this is a mistake; that his private vote
is uncommitted—unpledged to any one. But Mr.
Hunter is no Harrison man; and we have not
the most distant idea that he will \ote for him.”
The last portion of this paragraph is altogeth
er gratuitous. In his present peculiar position,
Mr. Hunter deems it improper to becoa.e a parti
san in the political contest for the Presidency ;
but the attempt to draw the inference, from his
determination to occupy a neutral and indepen
dent position, that he is opposed to Gen. Hani- t
son, is the effort alone of the editor ot the En
quirer, and not of his party at Washington. They
know that Mr. Hunter is no Van Buren man,
and they “have not the most distant idea that he
will vote for him.” In this they are agreed with
Whigs, who also know, that without falsifying
all the piofessions of aie political life Mr, Hun
ter cannot vote for Mr. Van Buren ; and further,
they approve and applaud the determination of
Mr. Hunter to remain neutral in the contest, and
not to use the influence of his station to parly
ends
U. S. Bank.—The following important Circu
lar has been issued by the Bank, under date of
22d instant:
I am instructed to inform you, that byja reso
lution of the Board of D.rectors of this Bank,
adopted at a stated meeting, held on the IGthinst.,
it was ordered that hereafter no loans, new*
running to maturity, shall be renewed, (unless
originally made with an agreement or understan- I
ding to 1 hat effect;) and that upon all loans,
whether on accommodation paper, upon stock or
upon other security, a payment of at least 10
per cent, will be required when due, and the bal
ance to be settled by notes (not redeemable,) at
from one to seven months. And that ail offers 01
applications for such renewals must be presented
to the Board on discount days.
By order of the Board.
A- LAKDNER, Acting Cashier.
In the U.B. Gazette of the 24th, we find the
following notice of the new organization, which
has just been made, of the officers of the Bank:
The Board of Directors of tke United States
Bank yesterday at their regular meeting procee
ded to appoint officers to that institution, from
the Cashier down to the lowest of the employes .
Alexander Laidner, Esq., the former First As
sistant Cashier. Mr. L. has, since Mr. Cowperth
waite’s resignation, acted as Cashier of the Bank.
Mr. H. Cope, who was the Third assistant
Cashier, is appointed superintendent of the sus
pended debt. The duties of the station are fa
miliar to him, as he has faithfully discharged
them for several years.
Mr. Andrews, the gentlemanly and able Se
cond Assistant Cashier retires from the Bank with
the best wishes of his late fellow* laborers, and of
those customers of the institution whose business
brought them in contact with him, and made
them acquainted with his obliging manners. All
the appointments were made from the former
officers—not one new man was introduced into
the Bank.
Os the whoie number of persons whose places
were vacated, tiventy did not receive re-appoit
ment. Six or seven of these did not wish to be
considered as .candidates for and
we think it due to all those who were omitted to
say of them, what we believe is strictly the truth
that the Directors had entire confidence in their
integrity, abilities, and general business capacit
ies: and should the Bank need additional officers,
these would receive the offer of appointment, In
selecting from thp whole number, there can lie
no doubt that the Directors were much influenced
by the domestic circumstances of the candidates,
as to the dependence of others upon the situa
tion.
'The new organization will go into effect on and
after the first day ol next month.
Respecting the reported dividend, thp Inquirer
of the 241 h says—
It appears to lea matter of doubt in this city
whether the U. S, Bank will or will not declaie
a dividend in July. Some days since, the divi
denl was su'd at tLe rate of $1 per share, and
we had rumors from New York that it had sold
in that ciiy as high as $2 per share. We yester
day saw a letter, however, staling that no such
sates had taken place. Opinions vary out of
d ors, as to the best policy to be pursued under
tl)e circumstances. Something in the way of a
dividend, if only $2 per share, would no doubt be
highly acceptable to the Stockholders. But the
Directors know best the actual condition of the
Institution, and will no doubt pursue the proper
course.
Unparalleled Assemblage. —The whigs of
the Parish of Orleans met in the majesty of their
might last evening at the St. Charles Theatre, to
listen to the eloquent and lervid outpourings of
Mississippi’s noblest son, (S. S. Prentiss.) Never
have we beheld so immense a throng. Thousands
on thousands were present. Every nook and cor
ner was occupied. Hundreds went away unable
to obtain an inch of ground,— N. 0. Bee of the 2oth.
Organization of the Militia.
Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a
system of reorganization of the Militia of the
United States.
House of Reprf.esntatives, }
March 20, 1840. 5
REFERRED to the committee on militia.
War Department, March 20, 2840.
Sir: —In compliance with the resolution of the
House of Representatives of the 19th hist., “ that
the Secretary of VVar be requested to communicate
his plan, in detail, for the reorganization of the
Militia of the United States,” 1 have the honor to
submit the following report:
The impossibility of guarding our exposed fron
tiers by tne small regular force of the United
States, xenders it necessary that some plan sh uld
be devised to make the militia available without
burdening the county, either by too great an ex
pense in maintaining it in the field, or by abstract
ing too large a number of useful citizens from the
productive labors of agriculture or of the mechanic
arts.
The mass of the militia of the United States,
as at present organized, does not fall short of one
million five hundred thousand men ; and every
day that they are mustered for inspection or exer
cise, abstracts at least one million of dollars from
the earnings of labor, without adding any things
whatever to the military efficiency of the country,
and 100 often affecting injuriously the oioral con
dition of those who are assembled for the purpose.
Left by the little instruction they receive on such
occasions, without discipline, subordination, or
knowledge of the use of arms, and totally ignorant
of the manner of taking care of themselves oi of
each other in the field, such a militia, if called out
in mass, would rather prove a bu;dea than an as
sistance to the army employed in the defence of
the country, as is shown by the experience of Gen
eral Washington, repeatedly expressed in his cor
respond* nee, as well as by the resalts of more re
cent events during the last war. It is true that,
in the princip-1 cities in the United States, there
are to be found well organized, disciplined, and
soldier-like companies, battalions, regiments, brig
ades, and divisions of volunteers ; men who, in
dividually and collectively, would do service in the
field.
But any one acquainted practically with war,
knows that to fight bravely, rn 1 even to manoeuvre
coolly and skilfully on the field of bat'le, are not
the most necessary qualifications of the soldier.
Soldiers mu>t be taug.t their duties in the gar
rison and in the field, in marching and encamp
ing, in the police and military administration of an
army.
This instruction, so essential, and without which
it is -impossible to form the soldier, cannot be giv
en in a day’s training, by officers nearly as ignor
ant of these branches of the service as the *o diers
themre’ves. I speak of the generality of the mi
litia officers. It must be imparted by veteran and
skilful officers, in garrison and in camp, and to
men and officeis alike ; and it must be imparted to
a few at a time. Any attempt to o ganire, discip
line, and render every way fit for service in the
field, the unwieldly mass of the militia of this vast
country, wldch will soon a-cen 1 tc two millions of
men, must fail for want of means, and leave the
country exposed to the terrible disasters which
will attend the first bur<t of war upon its fron
tiers, if they are to be defended by aimed but un
disciplined multitudes.
It has been supposed that it will be sufficient to
instruct the officers only, and that the privates can,
under well-lnstinoted officers only, be foimrd into
soldiers inst ntly. by the magic voices of go >d
commandeis. — I his is a double and a most danger
ous error. In the Ist place, it requites to form a
soldier, under the most practised, experienced, and
ski ful officers; and our soil might be polluted by
the foot of the invader,our citie> taken and sacked,
and our forts occupied, before our armed citizens
could be taught the elements of tactics, or the sim
ple use of the firelock. And, 2ndly, it will prove
a fat 1 1 error to suppose that an officer can befoirned
by being drilled as a private. The habit of com
mand, the prompt eye, the firm tone, the seif-pos
session in moments of difficulty and danger, wlih h
inspire the men with confidence; and courage, and
ar* so essential to secure their ready obedience,
are the result of practice. The officeis and pri
vates who aie to act together in the field must be
drilled together, and practised, the one to the du
ties of obedience, and the other to those of com
mand.
Satisfied that an efficient force cannot br creat
ed by drilling the officers alone, as well as of the
impracticability of rendering the whole mass of
the militia available, at the same time, for the de
fence of the country ; and convinced, Lorn the ex
perience ff our past wars, that it is necessary to
organize and discipline a select body of citizen
so.dieis, who in a moment of danger, will know
their stations, and their duties when assembled
there, and who, although separated f.om the mass
for a short time, will return and impart to it the
military knowledge and experience they have ac
quired during their period of service, I have pre
pared the plan, the details of which are herewith
submitted, agreeably to the resolution of the
House. It is believed that, on examining them
it will be apparent that the scheme is not Hable to
any one of the objections that ape urged against
large standing aimies ; but, on the contrary, that
it will form a select body of well disciplined militia,
ready themselves to defend their country in the
hour of danger, against any sudden attack, and
furnishing a corps, around which the less instruct
ed mass may rally; possessing, in some degree,
the military knowledge and skill of regular sol
diers, they will be able alike to protect their coun
try from a foreign foe, and to guard its liberties
from any danger that may threaten them.
Jt appears to me tiat tne organization now pro
posed will prevent the necessity of maintaining
large standing armies, even in the time of war.
The militia, properly diilled and instructed, will
be thereby rendered perfectly efficient, and capa
ble of defending the forts along our maritime fron
tier, which, in the absence of such an organization
would reouire a regular army of fifty thousand
men. At piesent, the militia cannot be rendered
immediately available again>t a surprise ; whereas,
under the proposed organization, they would re
pair to their stations at the first alarm, and would
be efficient soldiers when there. In case of war,
these stations would become permanent, and ar
rangements might easily be made so as to render
the service as li'.t'e burdensome as possible to the
artisan and mechanic.
Every precaution has been taken to avoid all
interference with the rights of the States, or to
lessen their means of defence. The militia will
be called out in the manner at present provided
for by law, anil no change is contemplated in the
mode of officering the several corps of which the
active class will be composed.
It will not abstrai t a single man from the de
fence of the State where he resides, nor separate
him from the class of citizens to which he belongs.
It will, on the contiary, strengthen the defences
of each State, by fu nishing it with a w«Il-organ
ized and we 1-disciplined force, taken f.om the
people,'and making paitof the people equally in
terested with their fellow-ci izens in the preser
vation of free institutions, and ready at ah limes
to guard the territory and the liberty of theircoun
try. Neither does it interfere, in any manner,
with the constitutional rights of the States to tra.n
their own militia according to the discipline pre
scribed by < ongiess, because the active militia will
be employed by the President during the peiiod
they aie preparing for warlike service in garrison
and in the field. And whi e the States have all the
advantages which may result from a well organ
ized and disciplined militia ; they will at the s me
time, be exempt from the 10-ses, expenses and
evils which fjllow, necessarily, trom the assem
blage of large multitudes for merely a nominal
military in* ti uction. It is to be considered, also,
that a ; ort'On of the militia are pipv.ded wi.h op
portunities for the attainn.en of tne essent.als of
military knowledge ; an I at the same lime that
they relieve the remainder f.om an onerous and
useless buiden, they themselves will not be op
pressed by an undue amount of military service
, being required of them ; but, on the contrary,'by
comparing the time which, under the present sys
tem, is devoted to that object, it will be found that
theie is but very little additional service, if any,
required, and for t iat time they will be sufficient
ly compensated. The compensat on contemplated
is adequate under a good administration of the
laws proposed, which, are to be made uniform in
their application by regulations, to be issued by
the President so as to prevent any expense to the
citizen who is thus called out ; though it may not
rise, in amount, to the sum which his pursuits in
social life might afford, dhe total amount re
quired to recompense the militia to be called out
fur exercise will be trifling, when comp iled with
the loss of time experienced, by out fellow-citizens
under the presen; impeifi ct organization, and of
the serious evils to which the youth of the country
are exposed by the frequent attempts now mude
to impart to them a very imperfect knowledge of
the duties of the soldier. The subjoined plan will
it is believed, tend to diminish, if not entirely re
move such evil*, will also, by engendering an es
prit du corps throughout the militia of the several
districts, elevate in the mind of every citizen the
character of duties which he is required to periorm
and thus make mere certain the results which arc
hoped for by the system of military precaution and
defence. In preparing the details of the proposed
reorganization of the militia of the United states,
J have been governed by an earnest desire to place
the country in an attitude of deience, and at the
same time, to secure it from the nece'sity ot main
taining at any period a large standing army; to
render the militia effective, without drawing too
large a number of our fellow citizens from their
occupations at one time ; and to diffuse throughout
the community, generally, some knowledge of
military seivice, without taxing the Treasury too
heavily.
All this, it appears to me, will be effected by
drilling, during four years, one hundred thousand
men for a pe.iod not exceeding thirty nor less than
ten days in each and every year, at such times as
may IcaM interfere with their ordinary occupations;
and, for an equal term, beeping that force so orga
nized that it may serve as a reserve ready to act in
cases of emergency: doing, in the meanwhile, or
dinary militia duty, such as is now required by law
in the several States. The expenses of the sys
tem, which, if carried out, would place the United
States in an impregnable state of defence, will not
exceed $1,362,193 yearly, if the maximum num
ber of days for drill be adopted by Congress ; and,
as it is believed that ten days in each and every
} ear will prove sufficient, the annual expenses will
be less than $500,000.
details of the proposed system.
It should be provided—
-Ist. That each and every free able-bo lied white
male citizen of the respective States resident
therein, who is or shall be of the age of twenty and
under that of forty five years, (with the excep
tions hereinafter stated,) shall severally and res
pectively, be enrolled in the militia by the cap
tain or commanding officer of the company v ithin
whose bounds such citizens shall reside ; and that
it shall be the duty, at all limes, if every such
captain or commanding officer of a company, to
enroll every such citizen as aforesaid, and also
those who shall from time tr» time arrive at the
age of twenty years, or who, being of that age and
under that of forty five years, (with the excep
tions hereinafter named,) shall come to reside
within his bounds, and that he shall without delay,
notify such citizen of the said enrollment, by a
pioper non-commissioned officer of the company,
by whom such not ce may be pioved : that
every citizen, so enrolled and notified, shad within
three months thereafter, provide himself with a
good mu>ket, bore of capacity to receive a lead ball
of eighteen in the pound ; a sufficient bayonet and
belt; two spare flints ; a knapsack ; cartridge box,
to contain at least twenty-four cartridges suited to
the bore of his musket, and each cartridge to ton
tain a ball and three buckshot, and a sufficient
quantity of powder; or with a good rifle, knap
sack, shot pouch, and powder horn or fl.isk,with
sufficient powder and ball for twenty-four charges
and tw T o spare fl : nts, and that he shall appear so
armed, accoutred.and provided when called out for
exercise or into ser > b e ; and every citizen so en
ro'led and provid ng himself with the arms, ; m i
nit’on, and accoutrements, required as aforesaid,
shall hold the same exempted from all suits, dis
tresses, executions, or sales for debt, or fur pay
ment of taxes.
2d. That the Vice President of the U. States ;
the officers, judicial and executive, of the Govern
ment of the United Slates; t ie members of noth
Houses of Congress and their respective officer* ;
all custom-house officers with their clerks; all
post officers and Stage drivers, who are employed
in the care and conveyance of the mail of the post
office of the United States ; all ferrym n employed
at any ferry on the post nnd; or inspectors of
exports ; all pi ots ; all mariners actual ly employed
in the sea seivice of any citizen or n erchant with
in the United Slates; and all persons who now
are, or may hereafter be, exempted by laws of the
re-pective States, shall be exempted from militia
duty, notwithstanding iheir being above the age of
twenty and under that of forty five.
3d. That the citizens thus enrolled shall consti
tute the first class, and be denominated the mass
of the militia ; and ihe said mass shall be divided
into divisions, brgades, regiments and companies,
and l e organized as follows, to wit: a company,
(infantry or rifle) shall co-mist us one captain, one
first and one second lieutenant, four coiporals, one
drummer, ore fifer or bugler, and eighty privates.
A company of dragoons shall consist of one cap
tain, one first and one second lieutenant, four ser
geants, four corporals, one farrier, two buglers,
and sixty privates. A company of artillery shall
consist of one captain, two first and two second
lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals three
artificers, one drummer and fifer, or two buglers or
trumpeters, and eighty privates. A regiment shall
consist of one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one
major, one adjutant, with the rank of first lieuten
ant, one quarter-master, with the rank of captain,
one paymaster, one surgeon,one assistant suigeun,
one sergeant major, one quaiter master sergeant,
two principal musicians, and ten companies. A
brigade shall consist of one brigadier general, with
one aid-de-tamp, having the rank of captain, two
brigade inspectors, with the rank of major, and
two regiments. A division shall consist of one
major general, with two aids-de-camp, with the
rank of major, one division inspector, with the
rank of lieutenant colonel, one division quarter
master, with the rank of major, one judge advo
cate, and four brigades.
4th. That from each regiment of the mass there
snail be formed two companies to seive as light
infantry or riflemen ; and that to each division of
the mass there shall be attached one company of
artillery and one company of horse, formed of
volunteers, at the discretion of the commander-in
chiel of the State, not exceeding one company
from a brigade, and shall be clothed and equipped
at their own expense, the color and fashion to be
determined by the brigadier genera! commanding
the brigade t • which they belong. That the com
missioned officers of the artillery and infantry
shall be aiSisd with a sword of such description
as is commonly denominated cut and thrust.—
That the commissioned officers of cavalry shall
furnish themselves with goo 1 horses of at least
fourteen and a half hands high, and be ed with
a sabre and a pair of pistols and holsters for the
same. Each dragoon to furnish himself with a
serviceable horse at least fourteen hands and a
half high, a good saddle, bridle, valise, breast
plate and crupper, a pair us boots and spurs, a pair
of pistols, a sabre and «ai touch box, to contain
twelve cartridges for pistols.
sth. That each regiment shall be provided with
the State and regimental io!ors, and each company
with a drum and fi f e, pr bugles, as the Legislature
of the respective States shall direct.
€th That the divisions, brigades, and regiments,
into wnhh the mass is divided, shall be numbered
at he period of their formation, and a record there
of made in the adjutant general’s office of the
Mat ; and when in the field or in service, in the
Stite, that they shall respectively take lank ac
cording to their numbers, reckoning the lowest
number highest in r nk ; aid, also, that the rela
tive rank of different shall be as lo.low?:
Ist cavalry, 2d atillery, 3d infantry, 4th r flemen ;
and that the said order shall be obrerved on all pa
rades of ceremony and review, or on other duty,
except when, in the opinion of the commanding
« fficcr, the good of the service may rei der anoth
er arrangement net essary : and further, that all
comm ssior ed officers -ball take rank according to
the date of their comrarssions ; and when two of
the same grade bear an equal cate, then their rank
snail be determined by lot, t» be drawn by them
before the comman ling officer of the brigade, re
gimi nt,. ompany, or a. tachment.
7th. T hat there shall be an adjutant general ap
pointed in each State, with the rank us colone ,
whose duty it shall be to distiibule all orders fiom
the commander-in chief of the State, to the several
con S ; to attend all public reviews, wl.Gn-thecom
mander in-chief of the State shall review the mili
tia, or any part thereof; to obey all o.d»rs f om
him relative to the carrying imo execution and
perfecting the system of discipline which may be
established ; to’furnish blank forms of different
returns that may be required, and to explain the
principles on which they should be made ; to re
i reive from the several officers of the different
C corps throughout She State, returns of the mi itia
, under their commands, reporting the actual situa
• tion of theii arms, accoutrements, and ammuni
; tion ; their delinquencies and every other thing
i which relates to the general advanc mcnt of good
; order and discipline: all of which the several
: commanding officers of the divisions, brigades, re
»imei t.s, and companies s‘ou'd be required to
make, in the upward Older of gradation, and in
’ such form and at such times as the Legislatures of
. the respective States may direct, so that the said
adjutant general may be duly furnished therewith;
and the s id adjutant general, from the returns
thus furnished, should annual y make an abstract
or conso'idatcd report of the same to the comman
der-in-chief of the State ; and he should also make
a return of the militia of the State to which he be
longs, with the arm?, accoutrements, and ammuni
tion, to the adjutant general of the militia of the
, United States, on or before the first Monday of
January, in each year. And it should be made the
duty of the Secretary of War, from time to time,
to give such directions to the adjutant general of
the militia as might, in his opinion, be necessary
to produce uniformity in the said returns; and
he should lay an abstract of the same before Con
gress, before the last Monday of February, annu
ally.
Sth. That it shall be the duty of the brigade in
spectors to attend the regimental and brigade
meetings of the militia, compusing the several
brigades during the time of their being under
arms ; to inspect their arms, ammunition, and ac
coutrements ; to superintend their exercise and
manoeuvres, a;.d introduce the prescribed system
of military discipline throughout the brigade, and
such orders as they shall, from time to lime, re
ceive from the commander-in-chief of the State ;
to report to the adjutant general of the Mate, at
least once in every year, the condition of the brig
ade to which he belongs ; the situation of the arms,
accoutrements, and ammunition, as they actually
may be at the time of inspection; and every other
thing which may, in his judgment, relate to the
government, good order, and military discipline of
the brigade.
9th. '1 h .t, in a’dition to the officers referred to,
there shall be one quaiter-mast r general, with
. the rank of a brigadier general, to the militia of
each State.
10th. That, within months after the adop
tion .nd establishment of this system, there
shall be taken from the mass of the militia, in
each State, Territory, a'd District of the United
States, by draught or by voluntary service , such
number between the age of twenty-one and thir
ty-seven years, so that t.ie whole may not ex
ceed 100.000 men ; and in the following propor
tions fur each State, Territory, and District, re
spectively, to wit: Maine 4,400 men. New Hamp
shire *2,400, Veimont *<,400, Mas achusetts 6,( OJ,
Connecticut 2,810, Rhode Island 800, New York
18,000, New Jersey 2,MiO, Pennsylvania 10,400,
Delaware 800, Maryland 3,200, Virginia 6,000,
District of Columbia 400, North Carolina 4.400,
South Carolina 2,400, Georgia 2,800 F loiida 400,
Alabama 2,000, Mississippi 800, Louisiana I,foo,
Tenne«see 4,400, Arkansas 400, Missouri 1.200,
lowa 400, Kentucky 4.40;*, Illinois 1,2( 0. Indiana
2,800, Ohio B,ouo, Michigan 800, and Wisconsin
400 men. This force to constitute the second
class, and be denominated the active or moveable
force.
11th. That the active or moveable force shall
be divided into companies and battalions, and be
organized as follows: A company shall consist of
one captain, and one first and one second lieuten
ant, four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer
and one fifer, and ninety piiva’es. A battalion
shall consist of one major, rnd adjutant, with the
rank of first lieutenant, one quarter-master, with
the rank of first lieutenant,one sergeant-major one
quartermaster sergeant, and four companies. An |
that the said active or moveable force shall be
held to serve as such, and be governed by such
rules as may ne prescribed, for the period of four
years—one fouith of the same in each State, Ter
ritory, and Distiict, going out annually ; the order
of succession to be determined in the first instance
by lot.
12th That there sha’l be a third cla«s of the
milita of the United States, 1o be denominated ttie
reserve or sedentary force, which shall be organized
in the same manner as the active force. And that
the reserve force, so organized, shall be compo-ed
of all those who shall have served the legal time
indicated for the second class, and be held to serve
for four years in the same ; at the expiration of
which time they sha 1 return to the mass, and be
subject to no further military or militia duty, unless
in cases of invasion, or a levyen masse. And such
poitions of the active forces as may go out of the
same annually,shall forthwith be consideiedas be
longing to the reserved or sedentary force ; and
alter the termination of the first four years’service
of any portion of the reserve, one-fourth of that
body shall go out of service annually, in the same
manner as that prescribed for the second class.
13th. That the deficit occasioned by the transfer
annually of one-south of the active to the reserve
force, and by the discharge annually of one-fouith
of the reserve, be yearly supplied by a draught, or
btj voluntary service from the mass r‘
14th. That for the greater convenience of vaff
struction and discipline of the active and sedentary
force, the territory of the United be
divided into ten districts, which, until''otherwise
directed by law, shall be composed ■''as follows:
Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, compose the
first district, and furnish for the active force 9,200
men; Massachusetts,Rhode Inland, and Connecticut,
compose the second, aryi furnish 9 600 ; New Yo;k
the third, and furnjfsljes 18.000; New Jersey and
Pennsylvania the fourth, and furnish 13.200; Dela
ware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia,
the fifth, and furnish 10,400 ; North Caiolina, South
Carolina, Georgia and i-lo’ida, the sixth, and fur
nish 10,000; Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and
Tennessee, the seventh, and furnish 8,800; Ar
kansas. Missouri and lowa, the eighth, and fur
nish 2,000; Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana, the
ninth, and furnish 7,400; Ohio, Michigan, and
Wisconsin, tfie tenth,and furnish 9,200 nun ; mak
ing a total of 97.800 men.
loth. That the battalions of the active and se
dentary force shall be numbered at their formation,
and a record made of the same ; and that they
shall take precedence according to the rank of the
several majors commanding the same. And further,
that when the battalion of two or more districts of
the active or sedentary forces do duty together,
they shall take rank according to the number of
their respective districts, considering the lowest
number highest in rank. And further, that tiie
order of precedence between the army of the
United States and the militia thereof,and between
the «everal classes of the militia with one another,
shall be as follows : 1. Troops of the United States.
2. Militia of the United States, in this order, to
wit; 1. The active force ; 2. The sedentary force ;
3. T)he mass,
16th. That the officers of the militia of the sev
eral classes shall be appointed by and in such man
ner as the Legislature of the respective States
shall direct, and in the Territories of the United
States, in such manner as is prescribed by existing
laws.
17th. That the President of the Uni'cd States be
authorized to call forth and assemble such numbers
of the active force of the militia, at such places
within their respective districts, and at such times,
not exceeding twice, nor days in the same
year, as he may deem necessary ; and during such
, period, including the time when going to and re
-1 turning from the place of rendezvous, they shall
• be deemed in the service of the United States,
‘ and be subject to such regulations as the President
s may think proper to adopt for their instruction.
• discipline and improvement in military know
t ledge.
18th. That whenever the United States shall
: be invaded, or be in imminent danger oi invasion
; from any foreign nation oi Indian tribe, it shall
■ be lawful for IheTTesident of the United Sta es
. tc call lortii such number of the militia of the
; Stale or Slates more convenient to the place of
- danger or scene of action,and in the order piovided
I for in the 15th head, and as he may judge neces
) saiy to repel such invasion ;and toiss eliis ciders
f to the proper officer. And ip case of an insurrec
tion in any State against the GovMiment thereof,
t that it shall be lawful for of the
• United S ates, on application of iHuegi-lature of
such State, or of the Executive ®un the Legis
• lature cannot be convened) tocallWnh such num
, berof the militia of any othefP Me or St- tes as
i may be applied for as he m " We sufficient to
I suppress such insurr©.? W
19th. That, whenorcr the :a-x 9 of «
States shal Le opposed, or the execu i, D N Het
l b J X Wt d in any St,te s °V
erfal to be suppiessed by the ordinary 1 10 ° P»*. Btl
dicial proceedings or by the poweri Blu
marshals, rtshall be lawful for th* if led * ih* BSS
the Untied States to call forth the mihu^ e f nt °f Kid
Slate or of any other Male or State, ‘ ° f
necessary to suppress vuch combination L e ’fes
cause the laws of be duly executed- V) feve
of the militia, so lo e called forth, mayS?i he «* Mu'
ed, ts necessary, until the expiration oi
alter the commencement of the then neY , * ‘Ws WKw
Congress; provided that, whenever it RS
cessary in toe judgment of the Uredden. t Ifcc
na it ary force thus called forth, he s a’l f "lie
by proclamation, command such insurin'!!'
perse, and retire peaceably to thei? ! .
abodes within a limited time; and DrovdT 11,, 1N
that the militia, which the President u th.‘.= ’ liso »ici
izod to cab forth, be of the active or of J uth °t- ®e
TIVE and sendentary forces, when such r Ac ' * 3
forces of the State, or of fie neighboring I?, or | wit
shall be, in his opinion, suificient; and who.
then such portions of the mass as i, e shall V ot, l* ft
necessary. al “ ee H|«lsr
20th. That the militia of the United Stit
any portion thereof, when employed in t>» S ’. #t
of the United Slates, shad be subject to VlCe ***
rules and articles of war as the trooos of ** 1
ted States.—And that no officer, non-commi, •£
officer, musician, or private of the militia si n I **
compelled to serve more than six months as * j? l of 1
arrival at the place of lendezvous, in any ore Ki
nor more than in due rotation with everv
able-bodied man of the same rank m the iIJSr
to which he belongs.
21st. That every citizen duly emo bd i. ,v f”!
militia shall be constantly provided with aim! Jfj
eou.Tements, and amunition as already mint J 1•• I
from and afier the peiiod when lie sliaij ! ia ,„ d °' ;l | r * t
dully notified of his en.olment: and £
warning to the citizens so enrolled ta attend a com I
pany or regimental muster or tiaining, which«hTJ Sn
be according to the laws of the State in which HI
is given fur that purpose, shall be deemed aw : «ei
noi.ee of his enrolment.
22d. i hat the officers, non-commissioned -offi Hi
cers, musicians, artificers, and privates; of volun* I
teers and mi itia. when called into the service of I th
the United States, in the manner and under the h>
ci cumstances referred to, shall be entitled to and of
receive the same monthly pay, rations, clothing Be
or money in lien thereof, and forgae, and be fur- p»a
nished with the same camp equipage, as are or may M]
be provided by law for the officers, musician?, artk- I ec
cers, and privates of the infantry of the United w
States ; provided, nevertlieless, that such portion! V
of the militia as may be called out, as piovided un- >%h
der the 17th head, shall not be entitled to receive |oi
clothing, or money in lieu thereof, nor shall any ai
officer of the same be entitled to forage,or money c<
instead, for more than oneho;se, nor lor mere than Is l
one servant each. Sv
23d. That all officers of all mounted compsTW* l
nies, volunteers or mi ilia, when in service of the 01
United States, shall each be entitled to reteive
forage, or money in -ieu thereof, for two horses, f<
when tliey actually keep private servants, and for I $ l
one horse w hen without private servants: and 9
that forty cents per day be al owed for the use and H v
lisk of each horse, except horses ki led in battle,Pp
or dying of wounds leceived in ba’tie. r l hat each I ®
non commissened officer, musician, artif.cer, and
private, of all mounted companies, shall be entiled | *
to receive forage in kind for one I orse, with foity §**
cents a day for the use and risk thereof, except*
horses killed in battle,or dymg of wounds received
I in battle; and twenty-live cents per day in lieujf
of forage and subsistence, when the same shall be I f
furnished by himself, cr twelve and a half certs M
per day for either, as the case may be. 1
24th. That any officer, non-commissioned offi
cer. artifice r, musician, or private of militia or vol- V 1
unteers, required to be mounted, who shall, when®
in the service of the United Siatas, sutler, without ar
any fault or negligence on his part, while in said®
service,by the loss of a horse killed in battle.or®
by a horse dying of wmunds r. ceived in battle ®
shall upon due and sufficient p oof then of. te p;id ®
for the sa re ; provided, that not more than one ®
hundred and twenty dollars be paid for each horse Ml
for which payment may be thus claimed. ,
25th. 'i'hat the officers, non-corn misrioned offi-S*
cers, artificeis. musicians, end privates, of the
Utia, when called into the service <f the Lnittd|»
States, shall be entitled to one days pay, subsis-®|
tence, and other allowances, for every d y occ> Wj
pied when transported by water, and for eve
twenty miles when travelling by land in going JH
the place of discharge; provided, that the militia 9
so called into the service of tie In.ted bfiv.es |
shall be deemed always to have travelled by the J
most usual or expeditious routes.
23th. That when any officer, ron-commisioned j
officer, artificer, musician, or private, of the mili
tia or of volunteers, who shall die in the servi. eof |
the United States, or when returning to his place
of reside .ce after being mustered o.it cf service,®
or at any time thereafter, in consequence ofn
wounds received in servh e, ai d shall leave a wi- 1/
dow, or, if no wifow, a child or children under
sixteen years of age, such widow, or if no widow I
suck child or children, sha'l bemtitlcd jo receive ■
half the monthly pay to which the docea? 1
entitled at of his death, or at
his out of seivice, f or g
the tejpfnof live years ; and in < ase of ihe death
iage of such widow before the expira-
of five years, the half pay for the lemaindtr
. of the time shall go to the child or childr n of said
deceased; piovided that the Secretary of War
shall adopt such forms of evidence; to substantiate!
the application for half pay, as the President of the V
United states ma}- prescribe.
27th. 'l'hat courts-martial, for the trie 1 of «.!!}• fl
cers, non-< ommissioned officers, artificers, musi- 1
(ians, or privates of tiie militia or volunteers corps, I
shall be composed of mi itia officeis only.
2sth, That every officer, non-commissioned offi- I
cer, artificer, musician ; or private of the militia, I
who shall fail to obey the orders of t e I mted f
States in the case provided for calling forth the AC- I
tive force, oi parts thereof, (in the 17th head) shall S
be fined, and forfeit a sum not exceeding th' ee B
months’ piy. nor less than half a months’ pny,ac- I
cording lo the ciicumstances of the case, as a (ourt- I
martial mnj* determine: and that cvcrv officer, I
non-commissioned olficer, .nusiti-.-, p
private, of tec* militia whn otnrti’' tail to cbe\ the ■
oidc'-. v>i*ine Piesiffi nt of the United States, in any I
o the rases cited in the ISth and 19th hea ls, shall I
forfeit a sum not exceeding one year’s pay, and 9
not less than one month’s pay, to be determin'd 1
and adjudged according to the i ircumstances of the |t
case by a court-martial; and such officer shall, more- m
over, be liable to be cashiered by sentence °f a J
court martial, and be incapacitated from ho ding * 9
commissicn in the militia for a teim of four yeais, j
at the discretion of the court; and such non-com- m
missioned officers and privates shall be liable to be »
imprisoned by the sentence of a court-martial, <> n 9
failure of the payment of fines adjudged against ■
them, for one calendar month, for every five dol- 1
bis of such fine.
29th. That all fines assessed, as described in the I
preceding head, shall be certified by the office: 1
dering the court, or the revi>ing authority of the I
proceedings of the court-martial having appro'® I
of the same, to the marshal ofthedistri tip wnic I
i the delinquent shall reside, or to one of his ,e P u I
ties, and take a receipt from the said marsh 81 / 1 I
deputy, as tie case may be, for the same; * lO I
receipt and duplicate, cf the cerlii cate lurnis ® » I
he shall transmit for record to the adjutant g ne
al of the militia of the United States; that them
shal,or his deputy, having received the sail cer i
ficate, shall forthwith proceed to levy the said Ul ‘ jj
with costs, by distress and sale oi the goods j
chattels of t e lelinquent; w hich costs, aa
manner of p:oceedii g with respect to the sa
the goods distrained, shall be agieea! le tctie
of the Slate in which tire same shall tje ’ a ' ,- 08 .
cases of distress : and wuen any non-corntniss ;
ed officer or private shall be adjudged ’osu ‘
prisonment, there being no goods or chat Cl ’ , a j
found wherein to levy he said fines, the I
of the district or his d *puty shall commit su h
1 inquent to jail curing th. teim for which E
be adjudged to in prisonment, or until the^ n ■
be paid in the same manner as other P? lS
demned to fine and imprisonment at u*e tU
United States may be commuted. llt iesshall
30th. That the marshals and the:r d?f -j^for
make a return of the levy of fines, as F of
in the fort going head, to the adjutant ge .ri aa c,
the militia of the United Mates, w ithin ■ .
counting from the time that the ccrtn.c . ar( j s;
assessment of the ‘aid fines is plat ed in . g
and they sfiail also pay into the ban J
adjutant geneial, w ithin the above u . <o ’lccted, >
time, all fines by them thus levi d atu
deducting therefiom five per centum jne sa-d
sation forth ir trouble: and in case any t ne
marshals or their deputies shall ui { geh el '
required teturn, or pay over to the a J cO ..
al of the militia of the United Mate* *