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CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
From the National Intelligencer.
JVDDRESM OF HON. DANIEL WEBSTER,
BEFORE TUE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Niblo’s Garden, which is said to be capable of
containing three thousand five hundred persons,
was densely thronged on Monday evening last,
from the parquet to the uppermost gallery, by
ladies and gentlemen, assembled to hear the ad
dress ot the ilon. Daniel Webster, before the New
York Historical Society, whose forty-eighth anni
versary was thus brilliantly celebrated.
The officers of the Society, with the Orator of
the evening, and invited guests ot distinction, oc
cupied seats upon the stage. Among those thus
conspicuously placed, were Washington Irving and
George Bancroft, Esqrs., and the Kcv. Drs. Spring,
Wainwright, and Do Witt, by the last named of
whom the exercises were opened with Prayer.
Luther Bradish, Esq., President of the Society,
then introduced Mr. W ebstcr to the audience, and
when the great Statesman advanced, lie was greet
ed by such enthusiastic cheers as (remarks the
Commercial Advertiser) must have demonstrated
to him the earnest admiration and regard which
are entertained for him by New Yorkers. Ac
knowledging this applause with dignity—
Mr. Webster proceeded to read the subjoined
Address, which fastened the unwearied and de
lighted attention of the audience for nearly two
hours, interrupted only by occasional bursts of un
restrainablc applause :
“ The object of your association, gentlemen, like
that of others of similar diameter, is highly im
portant. Historical societies arc auxiliary to histo
rical compositions. They collect the materials
from which the great narrative of events is, in due
time, to bo framed; the transactions of public bo
dies, local histories, memoirs of all kinds, statistics,
laws, ordinances, public debates and discussions,
works of periodical literature and the public jour
nals, whether of political events, of commerce, lit>-
erature, or the arts, all find their places in the col
lections of historical societies. But these collections
are not history ; they are only elements for history.
History is a higher name, and imports literary pro
d notions of the first order.
It is presumptuous in me, whose labors and
studies nave been so long devoted to other objects,
to speak, in the presence of those whom I see be
fore ms, of the dignity and importance of history,
in its just sense ; and yet I find pleasure in break
ing in upon the course of daily pursuits, and in
dulging for a time in reflections upon topics of lit
erature, and in the remembrance of the great ex
amples of historic art. Well written history must
always be the result of genius and taste, as well as
of attainment. It stands next to epic poetry in the
of the human mind. If it requires
ess of invention than that, it is not behind it in
dignity and importance. The power of the Epic
consists in the narrative of real or supposed events,
aud the representation of real, or at least natural,
characters; and history, in its noblest examples, is
an account of occurrences in which great events arc
commemorated, and distinguished men appear as
agents and actors. Epic poetry and the drama are
but narratives, the former partly and the latter
wholly in the form of dialogue; hut their characters
and personages are usually the creations of the
imagination.
Severe history sometimes assumes the dialogue
or dramatic form, and, without departing from
truth, is embellished by supposed colloquies or
speeches, as in the production of that great master,
Titus Living, or that greater master still, Thucy
dides.
The drawing of characters, consistent with gen
eral truth and fidelity, is no violation of historical
accuracy; it is only au illustration or an ornament.
When Livy ascribes an appropriate speech to one
of his historical personages, it is only as if he had
portrayed the same character in language profess
edly his own. Lord Clarendon’s presentation, in
bis own words, of the character of Lord Falkland,
one of the highest and most successful efforts of
personal description, is hardly different from what
it would have been if he had put into the mouth of
Lord Falklaud a speech exhibiting the same quali
ties of the mind and the heart, the same opinions,
and the same attachments. Homer describes the
actions of personages, which, if not real, are so im
agined as to be conformable to the general charac
teristics of men in the heroic ages. If his relation
be not historically true, it is such nevertheless, as,
making due allowance for poetical embellishment,
might have been true. And in Milton’s great epic,
which i# so almost entirely made up of narratives
and speeches, there is nothing repugnant to the
general conception which wo form or the characters
of those whose sentiments and conduct he portrays.
Buthistory, while it illustrates and adorns, con
fines itself to facts, and to the narrative of actual
events. It is not far from truth to say that well
written and classic history is the epic of real life.—
It places the actions of men in an attractive and in
teresting light; rejecting what is improper and su
perfluous, it Alls its picture with real, just and
well-drawn images.
And the dignity of history consists in reciting
events with truth and accuracy, and in presenting
human agents and their actions in a clear and im
partial light. The first element in history, there
fore, is truthfulness; and this truthfulness must be
presented in a concrete form. Classical history is
not a memoir. It is not a rude collection of acts,
occurrences and datea. It adopts nothing that is
not true, but then it does not embrace all minor
truths and all minor transactions. It is a composi
tion, a production, which has unity of design, like
a work of statuary or of painting, and keeps con
stantly in view one great end or result. Its parts,
therefore, are to be properly adjusted and well
proportioned.
The historian is an artist as true to fact ns other
artists are to nature; and, though he may some
times embellish, he never misrepresents ; he may
occasion all v, perhaps, color too highly, but the
truth is still visible through the lights and shades.
This unity of design seems essential to all great
productions. With all the variety of the Iliad,
Homer kept the wrath of Achilles, and its conse
quences, always in view; when he sang of the ex
ploits of other heroes, they wore silently subordi
nated to the son of Peleus. Still more remarkable
is the unity, in variety, of the Odyssey, the charac
ter of which is much more complicated, but all the
parts are artfully adapted to each other, and they
have a common centre of interest and action—the
great end being the restoration of Ulysses to his
native Ithaca. Virgil, in the „Eneid, sang of no
thing but the man and his acts who brought the
Trojan Gods to Italv, and laid the foundation of
the imperial walls of Home ; aud Milton of nothing
but
“ Man’s first disobedience, and the fruit
Os that forbidden tree whose mortal taste
Brought death into the world.”
And the best historical production! of ancient
and of modern times, have been written with equal
fidelity to one leading thought or purpose.
It has been said by Lord Bolingbroke that “ his
tory' is philosophy teaching by example and be
fore Bolingbroke, Shakspeare has said :
“ There is a history in all men’s lives
Figuring the nature of the times deceased;
The which observed, a man may prophesy.
With a near aim, of the main chance of things,
As yet not come to life; which in their
Seeds, and weak beginnings, lie entreasured.
Such things become the hatch and brood of time;
And, by the necessary form of this,
King Richard might create a perfect guess
That great Northumberland, then false to
Him, would of that seed grow tea greater falseness :
Which should not find a ground to rest upon,
Unless on you.”
“ Are these things, then, necessities ?
Then let us meet them like necessities.’’
And a wiser man than either Bolingbroke or
Shakspeare has declared :
“ The thing that hath been, it is that which shall
be ; and that which is done, is that which shall be
done ; aud there is no new tiling under the sun.”
These sayings are all just, and they proceed upon
the idea that the essential characteristics of human
nature are the same every where, and in all ages.
Tins doubtless is true ; and, so far as bistory
presents the qualities aud propensities of human
nature, it does teach by example. Bolingbroke
adds, with remarkable pswor of expression, “that
the school of example is the world, and its great
masters or teachers are history and experience.
But the character of man so much varies, from
age to age, both in his individual and collective
capacity ; there comes such a change of circum
stances, so many new objects of desire and aver
sion, and so many new and powerful motives
spring up in his mind, that the conduct of men
in one age, or under one state of circumstances, is
no sure and precise indication of what will be their
conduct when times aud circumstances alter; so
that the example of the past, before it can become
a useful instructor to the present, must be reduced
to elementarv principles in human nature, freed
from the influence or conditions which were tem
porary, and have changed, and applied to the stfine
principles under new relations, with a different
degree of knowledge, and the impulses arising
from the altered state of things.
A savage ha* the passions of ambition, revenge,
love, and glory ; and ambition and love, revenge’
and the hope of renown are also elements in the
character of civilized life ; b#t the develop
ment of these passions in a state of barbarism
hardly instructs us as to the msnner in which they
will exhibit themselves in a cultivated period of
•ociety.
And so it is of religious ee.itiment and feeling.
I believe man is every where, more or less, a re
’CUl?> that is to say, in all countries and
al all tetnes he feels the tie which connects him
with an invisible power.
ft Is true, indeed, and it is a remarkable fact in
the history of mankind, that in the very lowest
»tage of human existence, and in the opposite ex
treme of high civilization, surrounded with every
thing luxurious in life, and with all the means of
human knowledge, the idea of an unseen and
superior Governor of the Universe is most likely
to be equally doubted or disregarded.
The lowest of human, savage existence, and the
intellectual and refined atheism, such as we have
••an exhibited in our day, seem to be strangely
in this respect, though it is from oppo'-
gite oauses and influences that these classes are led
to doubt or deny the existence of a Supreme Pow
er. But both these are exceptions to th* general
current of human thought and the general convic
tion of our nature.
Man is naturally religious ; but t hen bis religion
takes its character from his condition, Ins degree
of knowledge, and his
it is true that the religious feeling which operates
in one state of society, and under one degree of
light and knowledge, is not a safe example to
prove its probable influence and operations under
circumstances essentially different. So that, when
we regard history as our instructor in the develop
ment of the perceptions and character of men, aud
in the motives which actuate them, there comes a
concomitant rush of altered circumstances, which
are all to be considered and regarded.
Historv, therefore, is an example which may
teach us the general principles of human nature,
but does not instruct us greatly in its various pos
sible developments.
What Dr. Johnson said, in Ins comparison of
Drydcn and Pope, is not inapplicable to this topic.
“Drvdcn,” said he, “knew more of man in his
fcncral nature, and Pope in his 1 x-al manners.”
Irvdcn’a sentiments, therefore, are the exemplar
of human nature In general; Pope’s of human
nature as modified in particular relations and cir
cumstances ; and what is true of individual man
is true also of society and government.
The love ofliberty, for instance, s a passion and
sentiment which existed in intense lorce in the
Grecian republics, and in the early history of
exists now, chiefly and first of all, on
that portion of the western continent in which we
live. Here it burns with heat and with splendor
beyond all Grecian and all Roman example. It
is not a light in the temple of Minerva; it is not a
vestal flame in Rome : it is the light of the sun ; it
is the illumination of all the constellations. Earth,
air, and ocean, and all the heaven,i above us, are
filled with its glorious illumination : and therefore,
though the passion and the sentiment are the
same, yet he who would reason from Grecian liber
ty, or from Roman freedom, to our intelligent
American liberty, would be holding a farthing
candle to the orb of day.
The magnificent funeral oration of Pericles over
those who fell in the Peloponnesian war is one of
the grandest oratorical productions of antiquity.
It contains sentiments and excites emotions con
genial to the minds of all lovers cf liberty, in all
regions end at all times. It exhibits a strong and
ardent attachment to country, which true patriots
always feel ; an undaunted courage in its defence,
and a resolution and a willingness to pledge and
hazard all for the maintenance ofliberty. 1 cannot
deny myself the pleasure of quoting a few passages
from that celebrated address :
“ I shall therefore begin first,” said Pericles,
“with our forefathers, since both justice and de
cency require we should on this occasion bestow
on them an honorable remembrance. In this our
country they kept themselves always firmly settled,
and through their valor handed it down free to
every succeeding generation. Worthy indeed of
praise are they, and yet more worthy are our im
mediate fathers ; since, enlarging their own inheri
tance into the extensive empire which we now
possess, they bequeathed that, their work of toil,
to us their sons. Vct, even these successes, we
ourselves here present, we who arc yet in the
strength and vigor of our days, h ive nobly im
proved, and have made such provision for this our
Athens that now it is all-sufficient in itself to
answer every exigence of war and of peace.
“But by what methods we have risen to this
height of glory and power, by what polity and by
what conduct we are thus aggrandized, 1 shall first
endeavor to show ; and then proceed to the praise
of the deceased. These, in my opinion, can be
no impertinent topics on this occasion; the dis
cussion of them must be beneficial to this nume
rous company of Athenians and of s trangers.
“ We are happy in a form of government which
cannot envy the laws of our neighbors, for it has
served as a model to-others, but is original at
Athens. And this our form, as committed not to
the few, but to the whole body of the people, is
called a democracy. How diffcrei t soever in a
private, capacity, we all enjoy the same general
, equality which our laws arc fitted to preserve, and
superior honors just as we excel. The public ad
. ministration is not confined to a particular family,
but is attainable only by merit. Poverty is not a
himdnmce, since whoever is able to serve bis coun
try meets with no obstacles to preferment from his
first obscurity.
“The offices of the State we go through without
obstructions from one another, and live together
in the mutual endearments of private life without
suspicions ; not angry with a neighbor for follow
ing the bent of his own humor, nor putting on that
countenance of discontent which pains though it
1 cannot punish ;so that in private life we converse
without diffidence or damage, whilst we dare not
’ on any account offend against the public, through
the reverence we bear to the magistrates and the
laws ; chiefly to those enacted for the redress of
the injured, and to those unwritten laws a breach
ot which is regarded as disgrace.
“We want no Homer to be the herald of our
praise ; no poet to deck off a history with the
charms of verse, where the opinion of exploits
must suffer by a strict relation. Every sea has
been opened by our fleets, and every land hath
been penetrated by our armies, which have every
where left behind them eternal monuments both
of our enmity and our friendship.
, “As for you who now' survive them, you may
) we -N P r ay for a bettor fortune, but you must never
theless consider it your duty to preserve the same
’ spirit and warmth of courage against your enemies;
not judging of the expediency of this from a mere
harangue wdicre any man, indulging in a flow of
. words, may tell you, what you yourselves know
as well as he, how many advantages there are in
fighting valiantly against your enemies; but rather
making the daily increasing grandeur of this com
munity the object of your thoughts, and growing
, quite enamored of it. And when it really appears
great in your apprehensions, think again, that this
grandeur was acquired bv brave and valiant men ;
, by men who knew their duty, and it the moments
of action were sensible of shame and feared re
proach; who, whenever their attempt were unsuc
cessful, thought itdibhonorthflttlieinountry should
stand in need of anything their valor could do for
it, and so made it the most glorious present.
“Bestowing their lives on the public, they have
i every one received a praise that wi 1 never decay,
a sepulchre that will always be most Illustrious; not
that in which their bones lie mouldering, but that
in which their fame is preserved, to be on every
occasion, when honor is the theme of either word
, or act , eternally remembered. This whole earth is
the sepulchre of illustrious men ; nor is it the in
scriptions on the columns of their native soil alone
f that show their merit, but the memorial of them,
better than all inscriptions, in every foreign na
tion, repositod more durably in universal remem
brance than on their own tomb. From this very
moment, emulating these noble patterns, placing
vour happiness in liberty, and liberty in valor,
; be prepared to encounter all the dangers of war.”
* Gentlemen, does not every page, paragraph, and
i sentence of what I have read go home to all our
hearts, carrying a most gratified co nsciousness of
its resemblance to what is near and dear to via in
our native land ? Is it Athens, or America ? Is
Athens or America the theme of these immortal
strains ? Was Pericles speaking of lis own coun
try, ns he saw it or knew it; or was be gazing upon
a bright vision then two thousand years before him,
which wo see in reality, aud as he saw in pros
pect ? r
But the contests of Sparta and Athens, what were
they in lasting importance, and their bearing on
the destinies of the world, in comparison with that
eyer-rnemorable straggle which separated the colo
nies from the dominion of Europe ?
How different the result which betided Athene
from that which crowned the glor;ous efforts of
our ancestors ; and, therefore, this renowned ora
tion of Pericles, what is it in comparison with an
effort of historical eloquence which should justly
set forth the merits of the heroes and the martyrs
of the American Revolution ? And the liberty' of
Athens and of the other Grecian republics, being
founded in pure democracies, without any princi
ple of representation, was fitted only for small
States. The exercise of popular power in a
purely democratic form cannot be extended
over countries of largo extent, beoanse in
such countries all cannot assemble in the same
place to vote directly upon laws an i ordinances,
and other public questions. But the principle of
representation is expansive; it may bo enlarged,
if not infinitely, yet indefinitely, to’ meet new oc
casions, and crabrance new regions. While, there
fore, the love of liberty was the same, and its gen
eral principle the same, in the Grecian republics as
with us, yet not only were forms essentially differ
ent, but that also was wanting which we have been
aught to consider ns indispensable to its security;
that is, a fixed, settled, definite, fundamental law,
or constitution, imposing limitations and restraints
equally on governors and governed. We may
therefore inhale all the fulness and greatness of the
Grecian spirit, but we necessarily give its develop
ment a different form, and subject it to new modifi
cations.
But history is not only philosophy teaching by
example; its true purpose's also to illustrate the
general progress or society in knowhdge and ths
arts, and the changes of manners and pursuits of
men.
There is an imperfection, both in ancient and
modern histories, and those of the best masters
in this respect. While they recite public transac
tions, they omit, in a great degree, what belong to
the civil, social, and domestic progress of men and
nations. There is not, so far as I know, a good
civil history of Rome, nor is there nn account of
and haSits in social and domestic life,
snwi as may inform us of the progress of her citi
z.ens from the foundation of the city to the time of
Livy and Sallust, in individual exhibitions ofchar
acter.
We know, indeed, something of the private
pursuits and private vices of the Roman people at
the commencement of the Empire, but we obtain
our knowledge of these chiefly from the severe and
indignant rebukes of Sallust and the inimitable
satires of Juvenal., Wars, foreign ard domestic,
the achievements of arms, aud national alliances,
fill up the recorded greatness of the Roman Em
pire.
It is very remarkable that, in this respect, Roman
literature is far more deficient than thi t of Greece.
Aristophanes, and other Grecian co nic writers,
Ihavo scenes richly filled with the delineation of the
lives and manners of their own people. But the 1
Roman imitators of the Grecian stage gave them
selves up to the reproduction of foreign characters
on their own stage, and presented in their dramas
Grecian manners also, instead of Roman manners.
How much wiser was Sbakspeare, who enchained
the attention of his audiences, and still enchains
the attention of the whole Teutonic race, by the
presentation of English manners and English his
tory ? Falstaft’, Justice Shallow, and Dogberry are
not shrubs of foreign growth transplanted into the
pages of Sbakspeare, but genuine productions
of the soil, the creations of bis own homebred fan
cy.
Mr. Banks has written a civil history of Rome,
but it seems not to have answered the great end
which it proposed.
The labors of Niebuhr, Arnold, and Merivale
have accomplished much towards furnishing the
materials of such history, and Becker, in bis Gal-
Ins, has drawn a picture not uninteresting of the
private life of the Romans at the commencement of
the empire.
[to be continued.]
DAILY CHRONICLE & SEXTIXEL.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
THURSDAY MOK.MXtr, MARC H 4,1852.
Mr. Webster’s Oration. •
Wb shall offer no apology for devoting so much
of our space to the address of Mr. Webster before
the Historical Society in New York. It is a pro
duction of unsurpassed merit, and should be read
and studied by every American citizen. Among
all the great efforts of his giant intellect, he has
never produced any thing which excels this, and it
is no less due to him than to our readers, that they
should enjoy tlxc pleasure of its perusal. Speaking
of this address a correspondent of the Philadelphia
American says :
“ Mr. Webster’s address before the Historical
Society in New York has called out a sentiment of
universal admiration here, among all parties ; and
the noble peroration, irt which lie so happily ap-
f flies its great instruction to the example furnished
>y Washington’s life, and to the American Union,
will stand side hv side with those colossal efforts
of other days, which loom up against the intellec
tual horizon as great national promontories, mark
ing as it were, eras in the progress and grandeur
of the human mind.
Nor is the Courier tfe Enquirer, whose editor lis
tened to its delivery, less enthusiastic in his admi-
Mition. Hear him:
Its delivery for two hours enchained an immense
audience with a profound attention, interrupted
only by irrepressible bursts of applause. It exhi
bited the greatest of American statesmen in a new
light—that of a historical philosopher and an aca
demical critic—and we may say that he was never
exhibited-to better advantage. It showed a mass
iveness of thought, breadth of generalization,
range of learning, aptness of illustration, refine
ment of taste, and depth of feeling, that command
ed the unbounded admiration of every listener.
His criticism noon the ancient historians, and
his extracts from their works, were singularly feli
citous. Nothing could be more appropriate and
impressive than his magnificent translation of that
part of the great oration of Pericles, which depict
ed the glory of Athenian freedom. Mr. Webster
appeared last evening as a scholar, philosopher,
historian, critic, orator, and statesman, and indeed,
in perhaps all the divers pliases of his character,
except that of the jurist.; but better than all, lie
showed himself the true American patriot, with
a heart glowing with the sentiments of liberty and
vibrating with the noblest love for his country.
No one heard the lecture last evening without
feeling that boast at least one illus
trious patriot, worthy of Rome’s best days. While
the main body of the address displayed all the im
posing sovereignty of his intellect, its close was
the outpouring of his soul kindling with the re
membrance of the great deeds of our fathers, and
with the sense of the inestimable worth of the
Union they established. History may well be
praised by Daniel Webster, for his name has been
inscribed by heron an imperishable tablet—the
same tablet that emblazons the immortal g.ory of
our country.
Senator Clemens.
The disunionists and their organs in Alabama
have pursued Senator Clemens witli a remorseless
malignity since his support ot the Compromise
measure. Among other charges made against
him was that of a corrupt bargain with the Whig
party in the Legislature by which he obtained
his election. At first this was only insinuated,
but recently they have become emboldened, and
Messrs, Buford and McCall, two Whig fire-eat
ers, who were members of the Whig Caucus,
have made the charge direct and the following is
Senator Clemens’ reply as published in the Mont
gomery Advertiser and Gazette.:
Washington, Feb. 21, 1852.
Sut:—l notice in your paper and several others,
that the old charge of corruption between myself
and the Whig members of the Legislature of’l 849
has been revived in the form of a lette- from Jef
ferson Buford, and sustained by a similar letter
from Paul McCall. Mr. Buford* affirms that he
m ikes the present publication, because he would
be trifling with his own character to maintain si
lence longer. He did something more than trifle
with his own reputation when he made the state
ment. According to his own showing he made a
corrupt bargain with me—aided in carrying it out,
and then upon the first suggestion of interest, be
trayed his confederate. 1 cannot relieve him from
a willingness to do all he says he has done, but in
point of fact he is less guilty than he represents
himself. He made no bargain with me, and he
did not betray me, for he hud nothing to betray.
Mr. Buford’s memory is a had one, and he should
have learned to distrust it long since. He under
takes to give the name of a paper which he saw but
once and that more than two years ago. Mr. Mc-
Call, who never saw it at all, but only heard it read,
gives it precisely word for word aiid syllable for
syllable, as Mr. Buford does.
Now, this is a little too accurate. It is sustain
ing a friend a little too sti ougly, but I am willing
to suppose that both of them are honestly mista
ken. The precise charge is, that I addressed a
note to the Whig caucus in nearly or exactly these
words :
“If elected to the United States Senate I promise
to support ihe administration of General Taylor .”
Signed Jere Clemens.
The slip of paper which Mr. Buford saw, and
which his imagination has converted into the
above pledge, contained no pledge of any sort ;
no expression of opinion even. It was*a short
note addressed to L. R. Davis, Esq., authorizing
him to state how far I would consider myself
pledged to support Gen. Tavlor. Mr. Davis’was
my warm personal trieud ; he is a gentleman of
as high character ns any in the State : he was per
fectly familiar with my opinions, and I knew he
would have an opportunity of explaining them
when 1 would not. In accordance with the au
thority I had given him, Mr. Davis stated that if
ejected to the Senate, I would oppose to General
Taylors administration, no factious party opposi
tion ; that I believed the time had come when it
behooved Southern men to look rather to a satisfac
tory settlement of the slavery question than to old
party divisions ; that if I found Gen. Taylor true
to the South, 1 would sustain him—ls I found him
under frecsoil influences, I weuld oppose him.
Tliis pledge, and no other, was msde by Mr. Da
vis. lie has so stated again and again. Messrs.
Baker, Gardiner, Abercrombie, Gunn, Blevins.
Murphy and others, all concur with him. No
one believes that either of those gentlemen would
utter an untruth, and it is impossible that they can
be mistaken about a matter in which they all took
so warm an interest.
The charge as made by Mr. Buford is absurd on
the face of it. Mr. first act in Congress was one
of opposition to Gen. Taylor, and that opposition
continued unabated to the day of his death. No
two men Sustained me in it with more zeal than
Jefferson Buford and P. McCall, which establishes
beyond controversy that neither of them asked
or expected me to sustain any man whose course
was not entirely satisfactory’to the South.
I do not consider it necessary to write another
syllable upon this subject. For my own vindica
tion 1 would not have written so much, but 1 fore
see that it is to he used in aid of certain schemes
now concocting in Alabama, and, therefore, I
choose to put it at rest. Very Respectfully,
Jere. Clemens.
Cok J. J. Seibels.
U. S. Bank.—An important decision hns just
been made against this Bank by the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, sitting at Philadelphia. It
is thus noted in the Ledger :
The Supreme Court, yesterday affirmed two
judgments oftho District Court, in 'suits brought’hv
the Commonwealth against the United States Bank*,
to recover the annual bonus secured in the char
ter to the State, of SIOO,OOO duo for nine years.
The bank resisted the. claim, on the ground that it
had ceased to exercise the functions and franchi
ses of banking, and had assigned all its property
in trust for its creditors. The Commonwealth in- 1
sisted that, as the stockholders annually elected !
directors, and frequently held meetings, they had i
not given up the franchises granted by the State and 1
that the hank was therefore bound to pay the an- 1
nual bonus demanded. The Supreme Court sus
tained this position and the State has therefore a
settled claiitn against the Bank for $1,300,000.
The extreme cold weather has ruined the pros- 1
pects of the Herring Fisheries of New Brunswick. I
When long experience has made a man, ifc is \
said he belongs to the vegetable kingdom. i
Medical College of Georgia.
Thb Annual Commencement of the Medical Col
lege of Georgia, was held on Tuesday the 2nd iust., :
at the Masonic Hall, in this city. We were not
present, hut learn that notwithstanding the threat
ening character of the weather, there was quite a
large collection of ladies and gentlemen, in attend
ance. The degree of Doctor of Medicine was con
ferred upon fitly gentlemen, whose names wo sub
join. After which the Rev. W. G. Connor deliver
ed an address to the Graduating Class, on the con
nection of the Medical Profession with social and
domestic happiness, rich with classic allusions, and
beautiful conceptions. He was followed by Dr.
Winn, a member of the graduating class, in a short
valedictory address to his classmates, which was
finely conceived, and eloquently delivered, and
met with a warm response from those to whom it
was addlessed. Altogether the exercises are said
to have been unusually interesting.
The Faculty report to the Trustees of the Medi
cal Collide of Georgia, that there were 158 Students
in attendance upon the Course of Lectuies just
concluded, of whom there were
From Georgia, 128
“ Alabama, 19
“ South Carolina, 14
“ North Carolina, 1
“ Tennessee, i
158
That the following gentlemen having complied
with all the requirements of the College, andhaviug
undergone satisfactory examinations, are now pre
sented by the Faculty to the Trustees, as suitable
candidates for the Doctorate : that these gentlemen
are—
FROM GEORGIA,
William Rhodes, R. L. Cummins,
J. W. Bowdoin, J. W. Whitlock, Jr.,
J. J. W. Glenn, B. A. Ware,
J. A. Carter, C. H. Bass,
J. S. Wilson, L. P. Dozier,
N. L. Hudson, C. K. Walton,
Z. L. Watters, E. T. Bell,
B. R. Rives, J. W. Barber,
Jubal Watts, J. S. Lane,
W. L. Jerntgan. R. A. Gowin,
T. G. Macon, J. R. Ticker,
W. J. Reeves, J. M. Saunders,
B. E. Tryer, J. H. Trippe,
J. N. Smith, Elijah Mattax,
J. 11. Ragan, F. M. Jones,
W. 11. Wilson, J. F. Trippe,
Rorkht Ragland, W. R. Ruffin,
T. G. Andrews, E. J. Setzf.,
Laurence Smith, W. J. Holt,
W. T. J. W ii.cnak, E. J. Barrie.
FROM SOUTH CAROLINA,
K. M. D. Russel, P. C. Wait,
R. J. Gilliland, D. M. Laffittk,
J. A. GltAn, R. W, Quarles.
J. A. Evins,
FROM ALABAMA.
C. Montgomery, P. C. Winn.
Alexander Donald,
The Northern Mail failed yesterdy beyond
Richmond, Virginia.
[COMN UNIOATED.]
The Needle Woman’s Depository, at the corner
of Broad and Kollook Streets, in the block general
ly known us Wheeler’s Range, has boon open for
a week past, where an Agent is always to ho found
to give out work, and to receive orders from those
who desire to patronise this charitable institution.
Some one or more of the Board of Directors visit
the room constantly, with the earnest purpose of
forwarding the great design of the Society, and
a desire to prove to the public that the confidence
in the undertaking manifested by the liberal contri
butions to the object, has not been misplaced.
Encouraged by the interest which has thus been
expressed, the Board solicit orders from planta
tions, families and individuals, which they pledge
themselves shall he executed in the best possible
manner.
The success of the Society must depend chiefly
upon these sources of patronage.
In order to avoid imposition and to enable them
to confine their efforts to those who are proper
beneficiaries, u rule has been adopted, that no per
sons can be supplied with work, unless they pre
sent a ticket in the form of an order, from some
member of the Board, whose duty it shall he to
investigate the circumstances of the applicant, and
devise from the necessity of each case, the fre
quency with which work shall he furnished, ns it
must be borne in mind that this Society, with its
limited means, is not able to provide full employ
ment to all that may apply, hut is intended only as
an auxiliary to other resources, when not sufficient
to meet the necessity of the industrious Needle
woman.
Standard American Weights and Measures.—
Mr. Weed, Editor of the Albany Journal, thus
writes to his paper, under date of Paris, Decem
ber 29th:
“ Mr. Vattcmarc, the indomitable father and
agent of the system of international exchanges,
continues to devote himself to his enlightened mis
sion with a perseverance and fidelity worthy of all
praise. He took us yesterday to the Patent Office
to see a splendid collection of weights and mea
sures which are to be presented to the American
Government in exchange for weights and measures
sent from Washington to France. The French
system is a perfect one, and this collection is very
valuable. The weights and measures are now
being carefully verified, and will be shipped in a
month or two. The Minister of Commerce, in ac
knowledging the receipt of the American weights
and measures, says ‘that the scales particularly
have been found of such precision that they are
now used in preference to ours for the most deli
cate operations.’ ”
A set of these standard weights and measures
was forwarded to the World’s Fair by the Supre
intendent, Professor Bacho, and received a modal.
The scales are of such nicety that a single hair will
turn them; and the weights are divided down to
the one-ten-hundredth part of an ounce.
Serious Split in the New York Democracy.—
The regular Washington correspondent ot the Phil
adelphia Ledger, who is generally well informed
upon the political movents of the day, says that an
open rupture has occurred between Ex-Secretary
Murev and Ex-Senator Dickinson of New' York ;
and that active hostilities (through the press) will
commence in a few days, Mr. Dickinson charges
Mr. Marcy with bargain and sale—with having
sold himsqlf to the Barnburners, thirteen in all,
who with singular unanimity, are all out for Marcy,
and of having betrayed Cass and the Hunker inte
rest to the Barnburners. These charges have been
reduced to writing, and a cheap edition for general
circulation is now being struck off. The Albany
Register confirms this account oftliis very interest
ing quarrel, and says that recent events in that State
mainly connected with the choice of delegates to
the Baltimore Convention, render it rather more
than likely that Mr. Marcy is amenable to the
charges brought against him by his distinguished
brother in the democratic faith.
The Wheelbarrow California Emigrant. —
The man who, some two years ago, crossed the
plains “on foot and alone,” ’with a wheelbarrow,
hound for California, was named Brookmire, an
Irishman, frarn Warren, Pa., where he left a wife
and family of children in very indigent circum -
stances. Brookmire, it is said’ has lately returned
from California, with about $15,000 of the “dust,”
all of which lie dug and washed with his own
hands. And his wife received legacies during his
absence to the amount of SIO,OOO, falling to her
upon the dentil of some relations in Scotland.
Church Difficulty.— Trial of another Bishop. —
A correspondence lias passed between Bishop
Doanc, of New Jersey, and Bishops Meade, Bur
gess and Mcllyaiue, of the diocese of Virginia,
Maine and Ohio, respectively, regarding sundry
charges against the good fame of the Bishop oftli’e
diocese of New Jcw Jersey. Those charges—which
are not made public, except in a pamphlet issued
by Bishop Doane, where thev arc said to be review
ed—are preferred by four citizens of New Jersey.
The three bishops demand a special diocesan eon
xention, in accordance with the usages of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, to investigate the
charges. Bishop Doane declines to call the con
vention, denies the validity of the chargee, and in
reply to the communication of the bishops, de
nounces their interference in the matter as uneon
onical, unchristian and inhuman procedure. The
New York Express, however, says—
“ Since the ‘Protest, Appeal and Reply’ (as the
pamphlet of the Bishop of New Jersey is called)
was written and published, we learn that lie has
consented to call, and has-actually called a conven
tion of his diocese, to take into consideration the
subject matter of these charges, <tc. The conven
tion will sit at Burlington, the Episcopal residence,
on the 17th of March, (St. Patrick’s day.”)
■ j
A gentleman in Galena,, 111., not much over fif
ty years old says he well remembers the time when 1
salt, and iron used in the valley of the Ohio were ;
brought over the Alleghany mountains on horse- i
back ! Two hundred pounds wore considered a ]
load for a horse. One man riding before would <
lead a dozen horses. It took about six weeks to «
make the trip. j
Concert.
We are requested to state that Miss M. Derwokt, 1
in company with her two Sisters, Brother and Fa
ther, will give a Concert in this City, on Friday
Evening next. ■
i
Items. ,
Some of the Massachusetts papers have adopted i
the custom of publishing births as well as marria
ges. It has now become a mooted quest ion with
them whether the notices of birth should precede
the marriages, or vice versa. The advocates
of one side urge that births very naturally fol
low marriages, while their opponents triumphant
ly ask, “who ever knew of a man’s being married
before he was born.”
The old gentleman who realized a “splendid for
tune,” by endorsing other men's notes is now in
town, and has accepted the generous hospitality of
the distinguished chemist who has been so success
ful in extracting, moon beams from cucumbers.
How pleasant is a lovely thing a little out of sea
son ; a rose hud in winter, for instance, or a kiss in
church, when the deacon’s eyes are “closed in
prayer. Stolen apples don’t begin with it.
True but Rather Strong.— The Albany Knick
erbocker says :
“The meanest thing a man can do is to get into
your confidence and then go and betray your so- •
crcts. Such a fellow would dig up tlie coffin of his
mother and sell the abroad for paper rags.”
A poor loafer, on hearing that they charged five
dollars a day for l>oard in California, said he should
go there and live as he wished to got in some
place where nc could get his hoard charged to him.
He is not particular about the price.
Blackwood thinks that if it had not been for the
vast quantities of gold which California has pro
duced during the last two years, there would have
been universal bankruptcy in England.
A Free Banking Bill has passed the Tennessee
Senate, 18 to 4. It allows the establishment of
hanks of $50,000 capital and upwards, to issue
bills of $1 and upwards.
Libraries.— Begin in life early to collect libraries
of your own. Begin with a single book ; and when
you find, or hear of any other first rate book, obtain
it if you can. Alter awhile get another, as you are
able, and be sure to read it. Take the best care of
your books, and in this way when you are men,
you will have good libraries in your heads, as well
as on your shelves.
After years of mathematical labor, and mechani
cal efforts, Prof. Willis of Rochester, has complet
ed, and has now in constant operation, a self-wind
ing clock, which determines the seconds, minutes,
hours, days, weeks, months, and years of time with
unfailing accuracy, continuing in constant motion,
by itself, never requiring to he wound up, never
running down, hut moving perpetually so long as
its components exist. It might easily he called a
perpetual motion, and it is so in one sense, but the
inventor very properly makes no such claim. The
scientific will at once understand this upon inspec
tion.
The great secret of life is to he happy ourselves,
and to learn to confer happiness on others. All
the pursuits of wealth and tame are but “vanity
and vexation of spirit.”
American Eagles. —Baring’s circular of the Bth
iust. says, that the purchasing rate of llio Bank of
England for American Eagles will for the future be
.£8 16s. Ij-ad. per ounce, being a reduction of Id.
per ounce.
The ship fever is increasing every day, in New
York, and is in some measure beginning to alarm
the community. There are about 700 oases of this
plague in the Quarantine Hospital. At present,
emigrant* afflicted with this disease are picked up
daily from the streets of that city, and conveyed to
ths Houses of Emigration, from whence the conta
gion is spreading rapidly through the city.
If an American backwoodsman can hit a five
franc piece at a hundred yards with a rifle, why
cannot a Frenchman hit a Napoleon at half the dis
tance? i» the query of the Cincinnati Inquirer.
It is estimated, says the Louisville Democrat,
that 1,200 now buildings will be erected in Louis
ville the present season.
Sale or a Relic.—The “old arm chair” of the
patriot John Hancock, was sold at auction in Bos
ton, the other day, for $lO.
A writer in the London Daily News shows his
intimate acquaintance with the United States by
calling “Philadelphia the capitol of a slave state,”
holds the inhabitants as “southerners,” and says
that “to argue with them on the subject of slavery
is impossible.”
Mr. Booth, a son of the celebrated tragedian-of
that name, is performing with marked success at
the Jenny Lind Theatre, Sau Francisco.
Plenty of Land Yet. — According to the report
of the Commissioners of the General Land Office
there will bo 42,000,000 acres of land for sale the
present year. The minimum price per acre is $1,25,
which places it in the power of every man who
wills it to own a farm.
Our devil received a severe trouncing the other
dnv for endcnvcrlncr to “ cast reflection* ” mvm «
any, lor enaeav ring 10 - casi renecuons upon a |
respectable class of people by the following wicked
conundrum :
Why is a storekeeper who does not advertise
likely to do a heavy business !
Because all the people jo by there !
An Irishman’s Indifference.— Paddy was ar
raigned before a court for horse stealing. After
having pleaded not guilty, the judge asked by
whom he would be tried i “By the twelve apos
bes,” answered the prisoner. The judge told him
that would not do, for if he were triad by them,
he could not have his trial until the day of judg
ment. “Faith, and I have no objection to that
neither, for 1 am in no hurry about it at all, at all.”
One or the Wintbbs.—As we have it, say a the
Worcester (Mass.) yEgis, we have had sixty aue
cessive days of sleighing in this vicinity during the
present season. Nothing farther, bat “six weeks
sledding in March,” is required to make this an
old fashioned winter, such as we read of.
Resignation and Appointment.— lt is stated that
Com. Skinner, Chief oftlie Bureau of Construction
and supplies in the Navy Department, resigned on
Saturday and the President has appointed Com
modore Shuhrick as his successor.
The very rare signature of William Harvey, the
discoverer of the circulation of the blood, was lately
sold for £4. The name was lattached to a bill
of medicines for the household of Charles the
First.
It is estimaated that 1500 persona, inoatlv clerks
and merchants, will leave St Louis this Spring, for
California.
From late English journals we learn that the sub
ject of the transit routes to unite the Pacific
with the Atlantic, was attracting greater attention
and it was expected that ere long a line of powerful
steamers would be put on the Pacific to ply be
tween Australia and Panama, to run in conjunc
tion with the present line established between
Southampton and ( hagros. This will form the
•peediest, safest and quickest communication be
tween England and New South Wales.
Mr. Buchanan. —The Lancasterian, a Pennsyl
vania Democratic paper, is very severe in its com
ments on the political character of Mr. Buchanan,
and the proceedings of his zealous friends. It de
nied his right to be considered the choice of the
State Democracy, and charges that the show of
strength put forward in his behalf is the result of
crafty scheming, and not the reflex of the party
will. It reviews the efforts made on past occasions
to elevate him to the Presidency, and cites facts to
prove that then, as now, the meetings held in his
favor were one sided, and were neither more nor
less than the contrivances of tricksters, in whom
the majority of the party repose no confidence.
“If he is strong,” the writer pertinently asks, “why 1
is it that now the party is divided on his account !
If the people were for him, is it not reasonable to
sup}K)«e that unanimity would be seen in his own
county, and throughout his own reudopted State !”
The quarrel is worth watching, as a prettv i -
lustration of the harmony which we are told’per- <
vades the Democratic ranks.— Washington Repub- |
The census of 1819 makes the resident popula- 1
tion of Pans within the walls, 945,721. The for- ,
eigners and floating population would keep the <
number continually above a million. Out of this
million, 180,000 earn more than they want, or can i
well use, and 840,000 earn lea* than they need, i
The average length of life among the latter is 35 ,
vears. 160,000 are in the hospitals or receive aid l
from the city and benevolent societies at home. c
In the third ward, there is one indigent person out
of every 27, and in the twelvth, (Latin quarter j
there is one to every f>%. The average indi- c
gent population in the whole city i* one to ev- t
orr 13 There are 820.000 workmen and 80,000
servants in Pari*. Half of the latter lay aside
something each year for deposit in the Savings
Bank.
The Last of Washington’s Paxx-Bkarebp.—On
Tuesday last the Masonic fraternity ot Alexandria,
attired in their regalia, paid the last tribute ot re
spect to the memory of the late Samuel Hilton, who
departed!, this life on the 22d instant. Mr. 11. " !U *
the last of the survivors ot the pall-bearers ot
Washington.
Farther by the Africa.
England.— ln the House of Commons on the
evening of Friday, the 13th, questions being ask
ed respecting the peremptory banishment of cer
tain Scotch clergymen from Festh, Lord John
Russel replied that though he was not prepared to
sav that Austria hau thereby violated her own mu
nicipal laws, or acted contrary to international
righto, vctjhe sadden expulsion required explan
ation and he had written to the British Minister «
at Vianna on the subject.
Some remarks made in the House ot Lords on
the evening of the 12th, respecting an alleged out
rage on a British subject in Florence, bv the Earl
of Granville, the successor ot Lord 1 ahnerston,
indicate a love of peace, nobleness ot mind, and a
familiarity with the duties and details ot ins re
cently conferred ofiice, that must win tor him the
highest admiration and esteem. .
Tlic Lords of the Admiralty having examined
into the conduct of Capt. Austin and other ptli
cers of the late Arctic expedition, on inculpations
by Capt. Penny, that Capt. A. ought to have far
ther prosecuted Ins examination on Boechey s
Island, have published a report expressing the
highest satisfaction with the conduct of all the of
ficers. They further add that Capt. Penny', when
in Wellington Strait expressed no such opinions as
ho has uttered since his return.
Mr. Lavard, who was along time, attached to the
Embassy at Constantinople, but who is better
known by his discoveries at Nineveh, has been
appointed Under Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs. »
The Valeric Expedition Appointments.—( apt.
Sir Edward Belcher, C. B. (1841) to the Assistance
discovery ship, and to bo commander-in-chief ot
the whole of the vessels of the Arctic expedition
of 1852. fitting at Woolwich.
Capt. Henry Kollet. C. B, (1842,) to command
the Resolute discovery ship, fitting at Woolfrieh.
Commander George H. Richards (1845) to the
Assistance, fitting at Woolwich.
Commander Francis L. M'Cliutook (1851) to
command the Intrepid screw steam veseel, fitting.
at Woolwich.
Lieut.Sherard Osborn (1843) to command the
Pioneer Screw steam vessel, fitting at Woolwich.
Surgeon Robert McCormick (1827) will proceed
with the expedition, which is ordered to be made
fully ready at Woolwich by the 15tn of April next;
but be has permission to act on his own judgment
with a boat party on the arrival of the expedition at
Wellington Channel.
Upwards of fifty lieutenants have made applica
tion for service in the expedition, but it is not ex
pected that more than four or five will be appoint
ed, unless an additional steamer, of more power
than either of those aheady in commission, is
placed at the service of Captain Sir Edward Belch
er, which is anxiously wished should be the case
by all the officers.
Capt. Sir Edward Belcher arrived at the Hock-
Yard in the afternoon, and gave directions to com
mence the works on the sailingvessals immediate
ly, and in the course of the day scaffolding was
{mt up to sharpen the bows of the Assistance and
ieaolute, which will be of advantage to them
when towed by the steamers.
From the London Times, Teh. 14.
Passenger Traffic to New York. —An impor
tant change is about being made by Messrs. Gibbs,
Bright & Co., Liverpool merchants, who have
purchased the steamer Great Britain, in regard to
the charges for passengers by steamers to New
York. The Great Britain, which is to sail at the
end of March or beginning of April, has been
fitted up for second, as well as first class passen
gers.
This has been long felt to be a desideratum by
those ’"hose means were not ample enough to
afford first class steamer passage, and who yet
objected to milking the voyage in a sailing vessel.
Thfe Great Britain has been greatly enlarged, a
deck saloon having been carried the whole length
of the ship, while many additional improvements,
tending to promote the comfort of passengers, have
been crtected. She is to sail under the command
of Capt. Mathews, formerly captain of the Great
Western and City of Glasgow steamers.
The War Fever seems to be subsiding. Louis
Napoleon continues to give the fullest announce
ment that an invasion of England U about the last
thing he thinks of.
Ireland.—Dfblin, Feb. 13. — Joseph Carter,
proprietor and editor of the Dundakl Democrat,
extreme tenant-right journal, was arrested last
night, by order of the government, for malicious
and wicked libels, exciting hatred and malice be
tween landlords and tenants. He was admitted to
bail, and will be tried at next assizes.
Louis Napoleon and the Monument at Water
loo. — We take the following from the Paris cor
respondence of the Daily News; The Duke of
Bassano, the new Franch Envov to the court of
Beliriuin, arrived at Brussels on Thursday lust. 1
am able to assure you, on good authority, that one
of the demands which M. de Bassano is charged to
make from the Belgian government is the removal
of the monuinentanion from the field of Waterloo,
and the demolition of the pyramidal mound of tri
umph which it crowns. You are aware that soon
after the revolution of July the destruction of the
same trophy was talked of as a point insisted on
by the government of Louis Philippe; and when
the Frencl expedition returned from the siege of
Antwerp, in passing over the plains of Waterloo,
it was expected that they would have taken the
law into their own hands, and hurled the offensive
symbol of victorious force from bis proud eminence.
But they were dissuaded from this violent pro
ject by an officer, who suggested that it would Ihi
much easier to stamp the trophy with ridicule than
to overturn it. Therefore, he* proposed that they
should knock out the lion’s teeth and pare his
claws. This practical sarcasm was unanimously
approved, and the expressive mutilation forthwith
carried effect. The application now made by
Louia Napoleon for the demolition of the trophy
makes one recall his laconic declaration before the
court of peers, when tried for the seditious at-
| f' 7 ' v * ‘v/vt ivi. i iiv OWU l IUU“ (II“
tempt at Boulogne. lie then said— ‘ I represent as
principle the sovereignty of the people, as svstem
the empire, audits action the retrieval of Waterloo.’
The first two points have been carried, and it is
certain that no means will be neglected, to achieve
the last.”
State or Trade in France.— Commercial affairs
remain calm. Manufacturers are waiting for orders
to be given, and speculators, having bought up
immense quantities of goods of every kind during
the last two months, have now ceased to purchase
for the moment, which has led to low prices in
woollen, cotton and silk goods.
Cottons at Havre have been considerably lower,
owing to large arrivals from America. Trade in
Paris continues to be exceedingly dull.
We read in the Courier de Marseille; A com
mencement of insurrection has taken place i n the
departments of the Card, the Herault, and the
Ardeche. Large masses of persons assembled
round the prisons to set the persons in confine
ment at liberty, and the troop* were obliged to tiro
on them. The details are wanting.
A rumor was current this day, which, if well
founded, would be anything but agreeable. It had
reference to the state of feeling in certain districts
of Belgium, as also some regiments of the Belgian
army. If these rumors can be' depended on tliev
would imply that a feeling unfavorable to their
own government, and too favorable to France is
apparent. There is reason to believe that some
thing not of an ordinary nature is going on with
respect to the relations'of France with Germany
and the powers generally.
Hamburg and Holstein.— The Austrian troops
have fairly commenced preparations for the evacu
ation of Hamburg and Holstein.
Germany. —Great distress prevails, in conse
quence of dearth in East and West Prussia, Silesia,
and the neighborhood of Erfort, where there has been
an inundation. The Thnrngian town Suhl, inhabi
ted by very expert gunmakers, is also in the utmost
distress from want of work. If English merchants
knew that very good warranted rifles may be
bought there at from 30s to 40s. a piece, the -work
men at Suhl might get employment enough fr the
supply of the rifle companies new forming in Eng
-a j or one gets there a handsomely finished
rifle for an amateur.
Austria.— An attempt is making in Austria to
P re ' ent Jews resident there from acquiring real es
tate. At the public sale of an estate, the Hebrews
present were informed that no notice could be ta
ten of their bids. This caused considerable ex
citement.
Prussia. The Upper Chamber, in its sitting *of
the 11th inst , affirmed the motion of M. Klee, re
moving the trial of political offenders and crimes
from the •oinpeteuce of a jury.
Spain.- The report that Merino, w'ho attempted
to assassinate the Queen had been already garvotecl
without form of trial, appears to have been false,
as iii advices from Madrid of the 6th iost., his ex
ecution is yet spoken of as being in the future.—
The Queen had fullv recovered. The representa
tives of the political press, without distinction of
party, had initcd in a loyal testimonial to her
Majesty.
Switzerland. -The Swiss journals mention that
the government of the republic is in a state of
great alarm, on account of a new note which has
been sent to it by the French government. The
latter not only insists on the expulsion of all the
French refugees who are suspected of plotting
against the government of their country—to which
demand the Swiss government at once, and with
out the slightest hesitation, gave its consent; —but
it insists on the Swiss government closing all
unions, and on its employing energetic measures
against any popular manifestations, which have
been got up in that country for the purpose of for
cing the government to have now elections.
Ht is said that the French Minister of Foreign
Affair* has intimated to the Swiss minister resi
dent in Paris, that great as is the interest which
the President feels in the Helvetic Republic, he