Newspaper Page Text
SATURDAY, November 21, 1789.]
THE AUGUSTA CHRONICLE
AND
GAZETTE of the STATE.
. - •' «
■■ - —1 ■«»
FREEDOM of the PRESS, and TRIAL by JURY, fliall remain inviolate* New Confutation of G tor gin*
AUGUST A: Printed by JO H N E. SMITH, Printer to the StatE; Ejfays , Articles of
Advertifements y &c. will be gratefully and every kind of Printing performed.
For the Augufla Chronicle .
—«©»<£>.©» —
Observer. No. 11.
EDUCATION in GENERAL.
THIB is a most important fubjeft toman
kind, and yet difficult to untold and set
in a true point of The discussion of it
involves an attack upon the prejudices of the
multitude & the Confirmed, habitual practices
of man To attempt this, is much like return
ing to sea in the violence of a dorm, without
hope of obtaining any valuable object. It rs of
ten a dangerous experiment attended with very
little success. General opinion is a stubborn
thing, notto be altered by the efforts of an indi
vidual : The publick mind is oppofcd to cor
rection, and tenacious of its own e'tablillted
maxims. It is, therefore, difficult to make
invafiom even where they are necessary;
and difficult to determine what »> necessary.
Various have been the modes of inttrudion
in different countries and in different ages of
the world ; and numerous have been the de
feds of almost every public mode hitherto
cftablifhed. Attempts hive been made by
different men to alter the established mode;
but they have not often succeeded. This has
sometimes happened from the imperfection of
the proposed plan, and sometimes from the
difficulty of changing current fentimeota.—
The end of every system of education (liould
be, to open the powers of the mind, andefta
bliffi fuoh principles as naturally tend to be
nefit mankind. But hitherto, almost every
plan has tended more or less to fetter the
mind, and prejudice it against the lave of
truth. Whereas a fyftern of education, that
would implant in the human mind an invin
cible love of truth and prevent prejudices,
would answer a more valuable purpoie. It
would affirt nature in her operations, and ex
hibit to the view of the world, effects differ
ent from what we have hitherto seen. It
would give liberality to mental opinions, and
destroy the effects of scholastic pride —ln fe
xninaries of learning, hithefto the objed has
notlieen so much to open the powers of the
human mind as to initiate the ffudeat into cer
tain claffick rriyfleries, which would raise
wonder amongst the multitude. Hence hav
ing performed the claffick round, he leaves the
inffitution more ignorant and less open to the
influence of truth, than when he entered.
Having been there taught, that the whold'bu
fmefs of education consists in reading over
tbofe books, which are put into his hr.nds,
when this was done he rested contented, be
lieving bimfelf to be learned and wife. He
does not even miftrufi , that his education is
a mere piece of mechanifin; but he fuppofea
himfelf as wife as Confucius , and as penetrat
ing as Newton. —System is indeed necessary
in some measure ; but, if too much depen
dance be laid upon it, it will mod assuredly
cramp genius and prevent inquiry. In efta
biiihiug, therefore, fyflematick principles, iu
literary institutions, let not publick opinion
so far fanftify them as to make a mental devi
ation an unpardonable crime. But of this,
we ihall perhaps treat mote fully in some fu
ture Number.
ALFRED.
i
GEORG IA.
PETERSBURG, July I£
AN express which arrived here the nth
infl. ftom Prince Potemkin, brings aft
vice, that his Highuefs had his army, and
palled the bog of Olviepol, from whence he
dispatched the courier who brought the above
intelligence on (he hid of this month.
Admiral Tfcbitchacow, commander of the
imperial fleet in the Baltic, has traufmitted
particulars of an adion between part of the
Swedilh flee: of Sweaborg, and three Ruffian
vei’els. The Admiral endeavoured to com
pel the enemy to quit the port they occupied
at the point of farkulauta, where they cut off
the commi.nication between Bellingfore and
the weftern part of the coafl of Finland. For
this purpose the Swedes had detached from
Sweaborg three half gallies, four gun boats,
and a xebec. They were opposed by one
rowed frigate, a brigantine, and a cutter.
The engagement took place the 3d inst. and
was obstinately maintained on both Odes for
two hours and an half; but notwiihllanding
the Swedilh battery on the coafl took part in
the couteft, the vidory declaied in our favor.
After the retreat of the -weries, our troops
disembarked and deflroyed the battery, took
two iron cannons, and a quantity of military
stores. . Our people found 1$ bullets winch
the Swedes, who defended the place, left in
the furnaces, wbeiethey had been placed to
have been made red hot.
PLYMOUTH, iuejday, Augujl 18.'
ROYAL VISIT.
The long expeded naval review of the
squadron under Commodore Goodall, took
place this day. «
By nine o’clock in the morning the fleet of
barges made their appearance in the Sound,
from Saltram. In the firft barge was Sir
Richard Bickertoni next to him followed the
Lords of the Admiralty ; their Majeftiesand
the three Prioceffes, were seated in the third
barge. Each boat had its diftinguifliing co
lours flyiug : In the firft was the Admiral’s
flag—the Admiralty colours in the fecond—
and the Royal ftatidaid was difplajed in that
of his Majesty.—A general salute was fired
as be proceeded through the Sound to the
Southampton, both from the ships in the har
bour and the forts. As soon as the Royal Fa
mily, Lords of rhe Admiralty, and a few at
tendants, were all on board, the Southamp
ton got utrer weigh, with a flrong breeze
from the eastward, and flood to the squadron,
then about four leagues in the Offing, waiting
; his Majesty’s arrival. The Magnificent, ever
attendant on Majesty, followed: When the
Southampton got a-breast of the fliips, the
Commodore filled his top-fails, and drew his
fleet into a line of battle a-head, about two
cable’s length asunder. A plan of the ren
contre was furnitbed'to the ihips, which was
directed in the following order :
A /ketch of the positions of the squadron
under the command of Commodore Goodall
in the intended a*tack of the supposed enemy.
The whole squadron in a liue on the ftar
* board tack, by the wind, fleering W. S. W.
f The firft division, confiding of the Cum
berland, Orion, Hebe, aud Bedford, having
* borne aud formed as a fubftitude for
an enbpajk
The-fceond division, led by the Coiiimo*
p- dore, ctfnliftiug of the Carnatic, Bellona, t)i
--%i %
[Vol. IV. No. CLXIV.j
redor, and Goliah, having edged down and
commenced the attack —
The enemy throws lumfelf in a different
position by wearing together, and forms a
dole compact line, leading large.
The Britilh also wear together, renew the
attack, and soon after difcontinui* the adion,
and form the two divisions in a line by the
wind, from which they wear or tack in suc
cession, and pass under the stern of the ship
bearing the Royal cheer, and then
salute, &c. &c. bring to in line of battle, &c.
* r * , - • ;
When the squadron is formed, as intbelaft
line a-head, as before-mentioned, the proper
colours of the fubftitude enemy to be hrnfled,
and prepare to tack or wear together; to lead
dowu under the stern of the fliip bearing the
- Royal flag, and cheering in lucceffion ; and
having all pafled, perfectly cleared the ship
in which his Majesty is ctnbarked, the salute
of twcjwy-one guns, to begin; the Carnatic
'i firing the second gun, then prepare for a ge
deral chace, order for failing or other move
inent.
Every ship saluted with twenty-one gunsf
the king then about half a mile to windward.
This had a beautiful appearance; their Ma
. jetties were quite pleased with the regularity
of the, liue, and the seaman-like conduct of
every ship of the fleet.
The next signal was to commence she adion,
for which purpose the four headmoft (hips of
the van hotfted St. George’s ensign, as a di
fliuguiiliiug squadron, put up the r helms,
; run down, and drew a line on the larboard
tack to leeward, backed their main top-fails,
and waited the attack of the supposed enemy >
when eijch flup had got a-breast of her oppo
nent. a smart fire began, and continued near
half an hour, extremely well conduced : The
fbips to leeward, finding thcmfelves hard pres
sed, bore away, as dilabled, which gave their
enemies an opportunity of taking them. This
little manoeuvie, to those, like their Majes
ties, who had never leen an engagement, was
highly chatade. iftic and pleafiog—they bore
up, however, but to refit, and form in a line
on the ltarboard tack, so that the adion was
soon re-commenced with all its former obsti
nacy, for an hour aud au half. Some of the
fliips, the Bedford ip p rtirular, very iuge
nioully topped their yards different ways, and '
let go their t p-fail ihefcts, to make the rig
gmg appear cut by tfaVencuty ; this bad a good '
effed.
During this well fought battle, the South
ampton kept conftamly to windward, and
neatly a-breast of the center, for the ptjrpofe
of viewiag them more dittinelly. The ac
tion over, they lay to for fotne little time,
apparently io icfir, v/hen they filled again,
and made fail on the ftai board tack, agreeable
to tke plan laid down in orders : TheCom
| modore, in the Carnatic, leadingina line of
battle a-head, failed under the ftera of the
Southampton, in feninrity, (who wasfeying
to) ioweted their top gallant fails, mantipi
their lhrouds, cheered, aud fired a Royal
lute.
Nothing could heighten this evolution ; it
was grand beyond conception, at the fame
time it displayed a refpedful loyalty ; as the '
fliips palfed under the stern, they bore away
so as to form a molt beautiful crefceut, and '
then hauled their wind in a line cf battle a*'"
bead, the Commodore lift! leading.