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NL.W-YORK, December 17.
Late and very Important.
By the Neptune, which arrived lad
evening in 35 days from Liverpool, the Edi
tor of Ihe Mercantile AJvertifer has been
favored with London papers and Lloyd’s
Lids to the 7th of Nov. and Liverpool pa
pers to the 9th icclufive.
They are principally occupied with the
opt rations of the French and Andrian armies
in Germany, of which we cannot until to
morrow give cve» an outline.
Tlit army of Italy, under MaiTcna, pas
sed the Adige on the iBih of Off. after an
aftion in which the Andrians had 1500
killed and as many taken prisoners. '1 he
report of Mafftna’s defeat by the Archduke
Charles was received in London byway of
Catalonia, and reded on no ctficial auihori
*}•
LONDON, November 7.
The advanced guard of the .Ruffian troops
entered Rottzenburgh, on the Elbe, on the
27th ofOftobtr, the Prussians entered Wan.
over the following day.
The armies of Prussia are disposed into
foua divilions : one of thcfe, reinforced by
24 000 Saxons, and 20,000 Medians, is to
cover the frontier of Franconia : a fcccnd
has proceeded to Hildclheim, a third is to
march >0 the Rhine, and a fourth’ro remain
in Btandcnburgh. The Duke of Brumf
wick commands the army in Lower Saxony,
vhich is to be joined by the Ruffians, and
the Britilh expedition above noticed. There
is a probability that one of the Prussian ar
mies will invade Holland ; to defend which
French troops were on the point of march
ing into the republic.
'Phc Ottoman troops at Cairo have obtain
ed a complete, victory over the refraftory
Bey ; the heads of fevrn of them, in con
formity with the usual practice of Turkey,
were publicly hung tip at the gates of the Se
raglio at Conftantinoplc, among whom was
ft id to he the celebrated Elsi Bey.
Capt. Langford arrived at the admiralty
this afternoon, accompanied by a Ruffi an
officer, 1 bringing with him most important
dispatches from the Elbe.
Thcfe dispatches biing a Treaty of Alli
ance which has been concluded beewean this
country and his Prussian majesty, whole
army of 80,000 men was actually on its
march a gam ft the common enemy, when the
dispatches were feist off.
The emperor of Russia had been to Berlin
to hold a conference with his Prussian majef-
The fame emperor is himlng to the fiene
of aft ton, at the head of an army of sixty
thoufar.d men ; and his imperial brother of
Germany is also marching at the head of
another army.
Government yesterday morning received
Hanover, where every thing is again put
upon its former footing. Six ihoofand
French have thrown thcmfclvcs into the
fortrefs ofHamelo, where it is supposed they
will be blockaded.
The number of Prussian troops which
were to be nfleir.bled at HilJifhcim by the
36th tilt, isftated in a letter from that place,
at 58,000 men ; and the number of thcfe
which were to repair to the provinces of
'Franconia at 50,000.
The Prallian troops on their march to
Franconia and Weftphaiia are tp be joined
by 24,000 Saxoss and 20,000 Medians.
London Gazette Extraordinary, Admiralty
Office) Nov. 6.
Dispatches of which the following arc
copies, were received at the admiralty this
diy at one o’cloc’c a. m. from vict-admi
ral Collingwood, commander in chief of his
majesty *s Ihips and veil'd* off Cadiz.
Euryaluff ojf Cape Trafalgar OS. 22.
The ever to be lamented death of vice
admiral lord Viscount Neifon, who, in the
late conflift with the enemy, fell in the
hour of viftory, leaves to me the duty of
, informing my lords commiflbncrs of the
admiralty, that on the 19th inst, it was
communicated to the commander in chief
from the ihips watching the motions of the
enemy in Cadiz ; , that the combined fleet
had put to foa, as they failed with light
winds weftcrly, his lorcilhivl concluded their
deft (nation was the Mediterranean, and im
mediately made all fail for the Strelghrs’ en
trance, with the British fqnadron, conlift.
ing of 27 Slips, 3 of them s4*4, when his
lord (hip was informed by captain Black
wood, (whole vigilance in watching and
giving notice of the euctny’i movements,
has been highly meritorious) that they had
not yet piled the Straights.
On Monday the 2 ttt inst. at day-light,
when Cape Trafalgar bore E. by S. about
7 leagues, the enemy w.ts difeovered 6or 7
miles to the call ward, the wind about weft,
and wry light ; the commander in chief
immediately made the fignrd for the fleet to
bear up in two columns as they formed in or
der oi failing ; a mode of attack his lordihtp
had previoully direfted, to avoid the in
convenience and delay in forming a line of
battle in the usual manner—The enemy’s
line confided of 33 Ihips (of which eighteen
were French and fifteen Spanilh) commanded
by Admiral Villeneuve; the Spaniards
under the direction of Gravina, were, with
thcil hcais » northward, and formed
their line of buttle with great clofcnefs and
correAnefs; but as the mede of attack Was
unufal, fotheftroAure of their line was new ;
it formed a crcfccnt convexing to leeward,
so that, in leading down to their centre, I
had both their van & rear abaft the beam ; be.
fore the fire opened, every alternate (hip was
about a cable’s length to windward of her
second a head and astern forming a kind of
double line, and appeared when on their
beam, to leave a very little internal between
them, and this without crouding their
{hips. Admiral Villcacuve was in the
JBuccntaure in the centre and the Prince of
Afturia* bore Gravina’s flag in the rear;
but the French andSpanlih ships were mix
cd without any apparent regard to order of
national squadron.
As the mode of our attack had been pre
viously determined on, and communicated
to the flag officers and captains, few signals
were neccffary, and none were made, ex
cept to dircA clofc order as the lines bore
down.
The commander in chief in the Vi'Aory
leu the weather column, and the Royal So
vereign which bore my flag, the lee.
The aAion began at 12 o’clock, by the
leading (hips of the columns breaking
through the enemy’s line the commander in
chief about the tenth (hip from the van, the
second in command about the 12th from the
rear, leaving the van of the enemy urcccu.
pi«d ; the fnccccding (hips breaking through
in all parts, astern of their leaders, and
engaging the enemy at the muzzles of their
guns, the confliA was feverc; the enemy’s
(hips were fought with a gallantry highly
honorable to their officers, but the attack
on them was irrcliftable, and it plcafcd the
Almighty difpefer o{ all evema to grant his
Majcfty’s arm* a compkat and glorious vic
tory.—About three p. m. many of the ene
my’s (hips having struck their colours,
their line gave way; Admiral Gravina with
ten (hips joining their frigates to leeward,
flood towards Cadiz. The five hcadmoft
fhipadn their van tacked, and (landing to
foutnward, to windward of the British line
were engaged, and the ftetnmoft of them
taken ; the others went off, leaving to his
Majcfty’s squadron nineteen Ihips of the
line (of which two are firft rates, the San
tiffima Trindad, and the Santa Anna) with
three flag officers, viz. Admiral Villencnve,
thu commander in chief, Don Ignatio Maria
D’Aliva, Vice Admiral, and the Spanilh
Rear Admiral Don Baitazer Hidal»o Cilhe-
J
res.
AfWr Arch a viAory it may appear un
neccffary to enter into encomiums on the
particular parts taken by the several com
manders, the conclusion fays more on the
fubjeA than 1 have language toexprefs ; the
spirit which animated all was the fame;
when all exert themfelvcs zcalqufly in their
——, axr crsrefvc that their
high merit (hould ftard recorded, and never
was high merit more confpicuoui than in
the battle I have deferibed.
’The Aclulle (a French 74) after having
furrcndcrcd, by some mifraanagement of the
Frenchmen, took fire and blew up, 200 of
her men werefaved by the tenders.
A circumftancc occurred during the aAion,
which so flrongly marks the invincible spirit
of Britilh fcamcn when engaging the enemies
of their country, that 1 cannot refill the
pleasure I have in making it known to their
lord (hips : The Temerairc was boarded by
accident or design, by a French ftiip on one
fide, and a Spaniard on the other ; the con
test was vigorous, but in the end the com
bined erfigns were torn from the poop, and
the Britilh hoifled in their places.
Such a battle could not be fought without
sustaining a great loss of men. I have not
only to lament in common with the Britilh
navy and the British nation, in the fall cf
the commander in Chief, the loss of a hero,
whose name will be immortal, and his
memory ever dear to his country ; but my
heart is rent with the molt poignant grief
for the death of a friend, to whom by ma
ny year’s intimacy, and a perfcA know
ledge of the virtues of his mind, which in
spired ideas superior to the common race of
men, I was bound by the strongest ties of
afteAion, a grief to which even the glorious
occasion in which he fell, does not bring
the consolation which perhaps it ought; his
lordship received a mulket ball in his left
bread about the middle of the aAion, and
sent an officer to me immediately w ith his
last farewell, and {bon after expired.
I have also to lament the loss cf those
excellent captains Duff of the Mars, and
Cooke of the Bellcphroa ; 1 have yet heard
ol none others.
I fear the numbers that have fallen will
be found very great, when the returns come
to me; but it having blown a gale of wind
ever since the aAion, I have not yet had it
in my power to colleA any reports from the
ships.
The Royal Sovereign having, loft her
mails, except the tottering foremaft, 1 cal
led the Eeryalus to me while the aftion
continued, which (hip lying within hail,
made my ftgnals, a fervicc captain Black,
wood performed with great attention; after
the a A ion I flufted my flag to her, that 1
might more rafily communicate my orders
to, and colleA the (hips, and towed the
Royal Sovereign out to leeward. The
whole licet wer* now in a very perilous luna
tion, many difmaftcdj all fluttered in
* 1 I ■ ' . \ . \ H
thirteen fathom water off the (hoals cf Tra
falgar, and when 1 made the signal to pre
pare to anchor, few of the (hips had an an
chor to let go, their cables being fliort, but
the fame good Providence whicn aided us
through such a day preserved in the night,
by the wind drifting a few points, and drif
ting the (hips eff the land, except four of
the captured difmafted (hips, which are now
at anchor off Trafalgar, and I hope will
ride fafa until those gales are over.
Having thus detailed the proceedings of
the fleet on this occasion, 1 beg leave to
congratulate their Lordlhips on a viftory,
which, I hope, will add a ray to the glory
of his majesty’s crown and be attended with
public benefit to cur country.
1 am, &c.
(Signed) C. COLLINGWOOD.
Wm. Marfden, Esq.
The order in which ihr Jhips of the Brit 'i/h
squadron attacked the c whined fleets, on
the l\Jl Offober, 180 C.
VAN.
Vidlory, Temeraire, Neptune, Conque
ror, Leviathan, Ajax, Orion, Agamemnon,
Minotaur, Spartiate, Britannia, Africa,
Enryalus, Sirius, Phoebe, Naid, Pieklc
Ichooner, Entreprenante cutter.
REAR.
Royal Sovereign, Mars, Bcllille, Ten
nant, Bellcrophon, Colloflus, Achillc, Pol
yphemus, Revenge, Swift sure, Defence,
Thunderer, Defiance, Prince, Dreadnonght,
(Signed) C. COLLINGWOOD.
Eury alus, cjf Cadiz, Off. 2s, 1805.
Sir,
In my letter of the zzd I detailed to yon,
for the information of my lords c.rmmiffiw
cra of the admiralty, the preceding* of his
majesty's squadron on the day of the aflion,
and that preceding it, fincc which I have
1 had a continued ferics es misfortunes, but
they are of a kind that human prudence
could not possibly provide against, or my
(kill prevent.
On the zad in the morning a strong fouth
crly wind blew squally weather, which
however did not prevent the activity of the
officers and seamen of such ships as were man
ageable from getting hold of many of the
prizes (13 or 14) and towing them off to
the weft ward, where 1 ordered them to rer
devouz round the Royal Sovereign, in tow
by the Neptune; but on the 33d the gale
increased, and the sea ran fohigh, that ma
ny of them broke the tow rope, and drifted
far to leeward, before they were got hold of
again, and foineof them taking the advan
tage in the dark and boisterous night, got
before the wind, and have peihaps drifted
upon the (bore and funk; on the afternoon
of that day the remnant of the combined
fleet, 10 fail of (hips, who had not been
much engaged, flood up to Irrward of my
(battered and draggled charge, as if mean
ing r© attack them, which obliged me to
colledl a force out of the least injured fliipt,
and form to the leeward for their defence; all
this retarded the progress of the hulks, and
the weather continuing, determined me to de
stroy all the leeward, most that could be
cleared of the men, considering that keeping
poffelfion of the (hips was matter of little
conftqucnce compared with the falling again
into the hands of the enemy ; but even this
was an arduous talk in the high fcas which
was running.
1 hope, however, it has been accomplifh
cd to a considerable extent : 1 entrusted it
to (kilful officers, who would spare no pains to
execute what was poffiblc. The captains of
the Prince and Neptune cleared the Trini
dad and funk her. Captains Hope, Bayu
tun, and Malcolm, who joined the fleet
this moment from Gibraltar, had the charge
of destroying four others. The Redoubta
ble funk astern of the Swiftfure while in
towe. The Santa Ann, I have no doubt, is
funk, as her fide was almost entirely beat
in and such the (battered condition of the
whole of them, that unless the weather mod
erates, I doubt whether I (hall be able to
carry a (hip of them into port. I hope
their lordfliips will approve of what I (ha
ving only in consideration the deflrudfion cf
the enmy’s fleet) have thought a mcafure of
absolute necessity.
1 have taken admiral Villcr.uvc into this
(hip, vice admiral don Aliva is dead.
Whenever the temper of the weather will
permit, and I can spare a frigate (for there
were only 4 in the aftion with the fleet, Eu
ryalus, Sirius, Phebc and Naiad, the Mel
pomene joined the 22d and the Eurydice and
Scout the 23d) Khali colleft the Ikg offi
cers and fend them to England with their
flags (if they do not all go to the bottom)
to be at his majesty's feet.
There were 4000 troops embarked under
the command of gen. Gontamin, who was
taken with admiral Villcouvc in the Bucen
taure.
I am, fir, See.
Signed, C. COLLINGWOOD.
The New-York Qaxeitefays
The jundlion of the pruffians with the
Ruffians is fully confirmed by the Dutch
journal of the 4th inst. We have also re
ceived Paris papers to 31st. ult.
The Intelligence from Berlin is of the most
important nature. The political fyftcm of
thc;Pruffian cabinet has undergone a com
plete change in the course of last month.
Indeed of placing her immense armies upon
the war eftablifliment merely to refill thepaf.
Cage es a foreign force through her territory
and maintain her neutrality, p ru fl] a h 3S cop
ceded full liberty of transit to the Ruflj*"
forces, and is marching her armies to Fran*
conia, tb the banks cf the Rhine, and t"
the borders es the Batavian Republic. Thr
armies, amounting in all to 150,000 ml*
are continually on their match for the dif*
fenent points we have mentioned. A fourth
army of immcnce* force is affcmbled at
Brandenburg, to support the three fi t ft
24,000 Saxon and 20,000 Hessians are to
be united to the armies cn their march to
Franconia and Westphalia;
The advanced guard of the Ruffian troops
entered Boitzenburgh, on the Eibe, on the
27th ulc. the PruHians entered the Eleftul
rate of Hanover the next day, the French
at might have been expefled, threw them,
selves into the fortrefs ofHamein, to the a,
mount, it is said, of 5 or cooo men, where
it is supposed they will be blockaded. They
have prpvifioaed the place for twelve months. /
r
Extrafl of a letter tt the Editor , from a
member of Cetgrefs dated V/aJbingUn,
December 23, 1805,
I inclofc you the treaty between theU
nired States and the Creek Indians, ratified
this by which the balance of the Och
mulgee Fork becomes the property of Geor
gia-.. The terms arc Hill high, and the cx
tenfive reserve is a thing Ido not tike.— it
loaks as if tome individual interest {fufpefted
the last ftffion,) Hid cxifts, ai the reserve
recurs to the Indians after the United States
fhaM have no further occaficn for it inch
as it Is however, it is gone through the Se
nate—l have had hints that fame opposition
to an appropriation may take place in the
house, but think it will net avail. I take
it, Georgia is row fully pc Ik fled of this
valuable trafl ; and would to Gcd, we
could manage this refourc so as to he of real
advantage to the Bate. We have a debt;
the day will come when we must pay it,
and every day it remains, it accumulates;
the last mode, in my view, was not calcu
lated to give fatisfafticn to the people at large,
yield profit to the commonwealth, as re,
fpefls the Treasury or difeharge her debt,
I much fear that if an advantage is not taken
of ihcpfefcßt opportunity, aJcng,very lorg
time before another presents itfelf.
I have this from the hightft authority, that
there is room for appreherfion that anothec
acre will never be ceded by (he Creeks on
peaceable terms; and it is not the intcreft
of, nor is it an obligation cn the United
States by the cellion, to procure them other
wife...of how much importance to Georgia
thyn is ir, that the preftnt cession fnould be
wifely and advantageoufiy disposed cf!
A bill has been introduced in fenatc for
preventing the impoi ration of Haves into
the United States after the fitft of January
1808---but is postponed until the next eefii
on, as premature ; there can be no dcubtbut
that the trade will be flopped at that period
An animated debate took place on that oc
casion, as well as on a bill for interdicting
the trade of St, Domingo,
Te the Editor of the Augusta Chronicle,
Reflecting cn the cruelty, thebafenefs of
an attack on innocent hclpiefs and unoffen
ding woman; Refie&iyu, to which the
late ccnduft of some, who, I hope have
since become fcnfible of their error, gave
rife, It occurred to me, having read in
that inimitable work of Dcftor Johnfcr,
** "The Rambler,” the following paflage,
for which I immediately searched. I hand
it you now, not to add to the poignancy
of what those above alluded to, nuift have
already foffered, but to gratify these of
your readers, to whom it immediately ap
plies and others of taste—Your inserting it
will oblige MENTOR
“ A solitary Philosopher would ima
gine ladies born with an exemption from
care and Harrow, lulled in perpetual quiet,
and fcafted with unmingled pleasure ; for
what can interrupt the content of those, up
on whom, one pge has laboured after ano
ther, to confer honours and accumulate im
munities ; those to whom rudeness is iufa~
mj, and insult cowardice ; whose eye com
mands the brave, and whole smiles feften
thefcvcrc; whom the Tailor travels to a- 1 !
dorn, the soldier bleeds to defend, and the
poet wears out life to celebrate; who claim
tribute from every art and fciencc, and for
whom, all who approach them, endeavour to
multiply delights without requiring from them
any return, but willingness to be plcafcd !
Surely, among those favorites of ntaure,
thus unacquainted with toil and danger,
felicity mult have fixed her refidcnce; they
must know only the changes cf more vivid
or more gentle joys : Their life must al
ways move cither to the How or sprightly
melody of the lyre of gladness; they can
never aflVmblf, but to pleasure ; or retire
but to peace.”
The Poft-ridcr informs us, that about
eight days age, atrocious murders had been
committed, within seven miles of Ciarkf
boro,—A young Negro fellow, induced by
another, that he would purchafc his freedom,
with his Maker's money, was instigated to
murder his mailer, (One M‘Doonell) bis