Newspaper Page Text
Slf
fit Ctvitnp
C. H, C, WILLINGHAM, EDITOR.
1
J j AGRANGE:
Frio tv noiuvixc, .jaMauy id, iscg.
iilf
pcirfrr.
flic llypocrlcy ol Northern Radical $‘olit*ctans
and the Xcrrdaily cf a New National Parly.
al ethics has been so clearly j
ar as 111" liyj> cricy of North- !
■ mean, especially, ; those in ,
u Cily a <1 their satellite?, at j
ver th" defeat of the Southern 1
the basest hatred towards 1
ptions of the rhagna- j
ti in! of.Mr. D
•pience of the
.Nothing*: P"ii
proven by Ihc lit
cm politicians
power nt Was],in;
home. Kvnfa-i am
people—fill'd wi
them —with no propev
r.imily ruverv
Wish H r»ppves° n
Mrxrdy fi. H of li* r
\oo ciw*n’llv t<j t!i
*19
d chivalry of the people tV.ey j
•r having ttvd them ut’.on the ,
‘ I
contest, neCause they were
exroro their title carcass-s :
(^■■■niaHaadnaaMHnsMsgSvna
* Thk Ca?e o? Mr. D.vvls.- -It appears that the
has been rl- ferr d in cotn-e-
that the United States Attor
ney General has -1-ci h u that ha must be tried in
some .State where be was present in person :n a" r*
of hostility to the General Government *• and,
that, as ‘ none cf the Justices of the Supreme
Court have held circuit courts in tlKy- States and
Districts since actual hostilities Lave ceased," no
opportunity has been afford"' 1 , for the trial of Mr.
Davis Mr Sm-nsays: ‘* WlUr. the courts are
opened, tu.d ail luv.s cite, v- peacefully adminis
tered and enforced iu (hose States where the peo
ple rebelled again-.! the Government : when thu-
peace shall hav . eott-ie. iu fact and in law. the per
sons now lit ',<t «.j military custody as prisoners of
war. an-1 ciho m -.v not hav been tried ami con
victed. for offenses against the laws of war, sbna.u
be transferred into the custody of the civil mi-
‘.borities of the proper districts, to be tiled for
: Such crimes.”
We see no reason why Mr. Davis may not have
| an immediate trial. ud1<fs the (iovi-mnn-ru has in
volved itself in a difficulty In it? attempt to prose,
cute Mr. Davis for tienson, arid is putting tfi the
evil day as far as possible.
f the luxuries we
actually p'iriicipating' in the making
tumiamcntal law, they were incapable of
participation in the most trivial act <’fm-
d
divided responsibility, divided
bickerings, criminations
tions, and the inevitable
compensate
the criticism 1 be entirely abandoned, and the whole
thav can have neither pi
doing of them? Imagine . -
upwii republican government which such a j time given to the work,
state of things would evoke from monarch- ! oral inade quately comp
ists of the old world. Let uS not antici
view might he extended, hilt you Will
- v-^ LUC „ um . If there be sev- readily follow the train of tHbught.
qnntely compensated, each will j My recommendation, therefore, Is, that j 1
operations shall have been partially realized. Iu
the tabular estimate, before iei< ir-•<! in 1 have for
convenient reference set tor Hi a st ti-ment, made
up troin the report of the lute t'ouiptiollerGencral
—showing what sums different rates per cent, upon
the assessed value of propel ty iu lsGO (otaer than
slaves.) will yield.
Owin
and the circ
brief session, no appropriation of money for th
civil establishment, in the current year. ha9 been
made. The first quarter has very nearly expired,
and to meet iis demands it will be necessary to
—Msjaa
In like roann r 1 have included n ih„ .
the sum usually accruin'' from , fist,m Mes
stocks, set apart for thepurp iseson'*,’"™'" ° n
***«'&• Tt,i,;iik C ,L^™”. , n 'S»Scb4
cljaritu-s in behalf of the Insane an,l t>,' 7, nobl n
too important, and too .wend a ehargo to B ^ nd *«
on yieiu. . _ , mitted to lanaui.M and die for want n per *
to the late period of your organization. j eV en in times such r.s tb,-. e t» i aune W,
jircunistanees . surrounding you in your j not far distant when cinch more e i.? i li ™* ««
■». w i • - . ; . , r . .1 . * x t -» ; auu in tucbu nc? m inuuuo i *- " m uvvi j *<
>ok to some other employment to supply i instead ol abandoning, you ,iildtess y out- j appropriate a sufficient sum, before a general ap
pate this result. It Would be too great Ins deficiency of attention to their joint j selves, with the light of experience to j propriation act can be matured, and iuderd as
.... outrage upon the excluded States— 1 trust, and thus a great interest will re- j the work of irnprovihg the system. One i quickly as possible, the amount of which cani be
dope by the Stiih- for j!n erffi^iffim'of Wi " ^
4 d ‘V 1 *? rfclk ' f an(1 comfort of thw *£2*1
the na tural senses, or still worse of reason \> of
haps nil we can do now is to keen fh«„ : 1 er '
tions alive, that,they may hereafter rei^R^
nurture, and fulfill their missi, ns. - *°
ro^t
too disturbing to the self-respect of the | ceive little faithful supervision. All can-1 of its greatest recommendations, theoret- j ijeL.,.,,
actors—too damaging to free institutions ■ not be adequately compensated for the j ieallv, is that it tends to the reformation 1 ii, ianc j a | affiirs.it
, at | yielding of their whole time, without in- of the convict. This merit-is wholly dc -- may make the cm
eg-! curring enormous expense.’ Tin's, how- S nied to it by its opponents. The truth Tin-entire inuebtc
ever, is the least substantial objection.
It is to be conceded that capacity for P^t it has accomplished less than was
I Goon Coffee.—Coffee Is nne
they, bit" impotent cowards,shield', d and protect'd
from per oii-il dauq^*. are enabled to give vent tn
acrimonious -p‘. :n and poisonous venom which
no truly ;.f affd magnnnimous people evur ex
hibit towards & fallen but courageous enemy. In
nil tlielr newspapers end speeches (hey endeavor
to malic the - omin.rn p. ople odious itt the eyis of
the world ; and iu tiio ..urn; breath tiiey demand
that the pc< pie (
llt'i/ do not exhil
prr, and r- tin n t
dren rcturu to li
being chastised,
people Will only
piainltlgly to an)
have been long
now that wo hav
is a vi ry ex]ie*ivi
old process of It
waste, and makt
A
•priv'.'l of in
the oppurtunit;
e luxury. C'-f
oidinary C"ffi-
this luxury stil
lie South : and,
of buying it, it
■e made by the
pot is a great
more expensive.
matter of economy, we Would recommend
every house keeper to procure the "Old Dominion
Coffee Dot," by the use ; f which the pure aroma
of the coff-e is retained instead of being allowed
—if not too ltigb a crime against them
least too conspicuous a blunder in the leg
islation of their chief exemplar, tucb an
idea may possibly possess the minds of a
few persons, having peculiar intellectual
and moral idiosyncracies, but surely, will
never control the action of the Congress
of the United States. Then, let us not be
so uncharitable as to harbor the suspicion.
Being recognized Constitntion-makersy'or
the Union, we shall be, ere long, legisla
tors in the I liiun. I have said thus much
on the subject, because of the disquiet- it
produces in the public mind, which I Iain
would aid in allaying.
KEl'ORT of THE COMMISSION',
i The Commission appointed by the Con-
I volition, which met in October last, to
consideration a c--de or
deducted from the estimates in the general bill.
couraging, as is the present aspect of our
may safely be affirmed that yon
Embarrassment only temporary.—
btedness ol the -State, cjearly uscer-
i fairly stated', probably is, that in this res- | tl ' ine3 - ^Hiding its funded debt, interest upon it
i * 11 - - - > in arrear, and the temporary loaas euecU'd recent-
LAWS REGULATING INTEREST
I respectfully invite the attention of the <W
al Assembly to the whole subject of legal£ £
on money. 1 here is no creater vice in
ment than governing too much. Undue intert?/
enee with an individual’s use of his property
with transactions between individuals whJr^
,ni ' "“erein
the management of so vast a business can expected- Ihe practical qnest.on is
only be fully ascertained by trial. Who- i "’-W it not be made to accomplish more?
ever may entrusted with it, or however i ^ ^ convicts will prove mcorngt-
. ... v ' i.I^-v v^ f/» .n ovnrw'tiin and in inner inoian.
appointed, should be subject to removal
instantaneously when incapacity, or inti-
del i tv, is developed ; and usually the
powers of appointment and removal are
placed together. The people, in the nature
of things.could not exercise the removing
power. The General Assembly are not
itt sessio. one-sixili of the time, in an
average of veins, and when in recess,
cannot convene of their pleasure, and
therefore are unfit depositories of the rO-
If this were separated
prepare for your consideration a code or j moving power,
system of laws for the government and j from the appointing power and vested in
tection of persons recently emancipat- ; the Executive, (supposed to be always in
pi
-I the So itti etmil br punished it ■ ( 0
nniinlilinciao m tern- | ^-onscip
ipe
t tl
ire
i- it does by'the ordinary pot j and the
mce.ts, better coffee is secured with two-
may impri
policy win
M
h .i
their i
a etuhl
11 is a
-:uhmit
coielil
if they
iric
li their U idle,
evidence that they
•iici ,il Gnvet iiinent, and
icd accordingly, as h<
-lured to civil lights ni
lieu 1 'I’ll if g!
posit
■a that,
vernmi
to be 1 i
,,ref r
11 l,o|
that. W(
vc re as
Of the United
cLpecl In fr-i
•ms of the N<
1 (oil
d Ft;
i e- of their parents after
i right, if the Southern
gracefully and line-m
an of restoration they
-eo lit to demur to any
Is may adopt, it is bona
are still hostile to the
then fore, must he pull
ing unworthy of being
and the confidence of the
fort is to create a popular
limn is opposition lo the
ms lo get tin- popular mind
til! rebellious,
lo confess that vre would
returning to our former
i-d Stan s if the Radical
e regarded as tin pi iriciples
iis country ; and, although
ll--giai.ee to t.-.c (lovrrn-
■s in all good faith, wo
- with the Radical ilc-
ho are now so rnmiiaut
"rring chi’r j tfiirdo f the quantity usually necessary for muk- ! upon its provisions Hi detail, I take gr5at
1 from slavery, and for other purposes, ! place,) difficulties still present themselves.
have reported, and I transmit a copy of
their report herewith. Without dwelling
ble is to be expected, and in most instan
ces this will be indicated very soon after
their admission. These should be subject
ed to the hardest labor, and to the great- j
est attainable isolation, th us diminishing
their corrupting influence. As regards
the less obdurate subjects, it is worthy of
consideration whether hope, that great
excitant of human action—hope of return
to free life, under favorable auspices —
hope of shortened imprisonment—hope of
mitigation of its severity while it lasts,
may not be more freely and more judi
ciously used as a reforming agent, lias
it been considered—has it been fairly-
tested. bow far feward in the shape of
car,anil the temporary loans ellected recent- I “ , .‘t 'Buivmuais. wherein
put the government again iu operation, falls | eflc " *j e . s * w . out col J T inou9 practices, to ad-
$S.5OO.O0O. If. to this were atltled j'2.500.- xance his own interest, always affects, injuriously
the general welfare. Hence, good GoTernme n ti
do not seek to fix the prices of articles. e ith er af
necessity or of luxury; nor do they attempt t 0 si
the compensation to be paid by oue man for the
temporary use of another’s property. Money or
rather the use of it. is as fluctuating as the mi or
occupation of a tenement, or the hire of a horse or
other chattel. .Yet, while rent and hire are left to
lie regulated by contracting parties, interest on
ly to
short $3
000 to repair all repairable (Jpmuges,and meetpre
sent necessities, without impos hg heavy burthens
tipun a people temporarily exhausted l^y protract
ed wat, the whole amount ot indeb't-Jness would
beSOjOOO.OOO. The annual interest upon this sum.
and the annual appropriations for the support of
Government, upon the scale of estimate here pre
sented. would not exceed SStKUOOO. ■ . - . .
From the earnings ol the Western & At Ian Me
Railroad, pu ; in goi-d working order
tax of one eighth of one per cent, upon tue prop , , , . . . . —„„
erty of our people, (these estimates being put I what principle this difference rests. The ustu|
intentionally low.) we may sately calculate on an i pretuXt.is, that t.l>9 restraint is a necessary protec-
income of one million and fifty thousand dollars, j D jn nCl *fj) against the usurer. Rui does he
Tliis annual surplus might be treated as a sinking I reqnne^it trjpie than another child of want, who
fund lor th-public debt. as follows: It the debt j ^ozurx to sheltering roof for his family, by
- ; reason of the-.occasional appreciation of rentsf.1
! Docs he require it mo-e than another unfortunate
who. at times,, caauot give his family bread, by
S anil unpaiu ; m ! reason of tile high frices of provi lo'n? Scnnd
f interest on the funded debt; ! Political economy and rigkt reason are against »l|
nch interferences with pnees and value in com-
Allan 1C ■■•"rest on
id trout a ! money is fixed by law, and that law enforced bv
tnc pi"p- i vindicatory sanctions. I am unable to perceive o®
be raised to six millions of dollars, (and it may
fall considerably short of that amount,) the bonds
to be hereafter issued, in redemption of ti;ose ma-
tured witliin the last four years, and unpaid
binding the arrears
and to meet the pressing necessities ot-the Sti.te,
ing effee. We have tried the “Old Dominion
Coffee Dot ” and would recommend its general
use, not only as a matter of economy, but for the
purpose of securing a letter flavored coffee than
is obtained by ihe usual process.
Don't I.ikkto hi: ''ai.i.ko
men exhibit considerable di
as negroes. The) couf- un
Inched to and expressive of s!
result of ignorance. If they
books" lh-'v will find that the
X k<;mi."
ke to be i
the term
The fretd-
ietioininate-1
as being at-
very. Tibs is the
will consult *• the
lefinilion of ni gm
is‘'One of the black rue
of one descended from thi
We Very frequently hei
call' d ii'-gro. and have bee
pressions of dislike to b-
education ol the free-line
taught that tli'-y are .= 1.11
race (>! people.
: (if iiu-n in Africa
race'.”
r freedmen object t
n diverted by th•• ir
ing so called, la tin
i th"y W..1 have to la
m gi -a-s and an inferio
x-
Gr:
*K ni: *
11“ ‘
nob!
ins. I!ut, to tile truly conservative— !
and magnanimous portion of the North, i
who are not only-willii g but anxious to see the j
F.tiuth r- .-toM if to her former position in Ihe Union j
- we are rcaly and willing to extend the hand el j
frak ruity and good will, and to endeavor to bury ]
the past as deep in oblivion as it is possible, in !
order that we may build up the waste places of t' <■ ;
country ami restore that unity of sentiment which I
has, iu tim-9 pa l, made the Union oue of Ihe |
grandt st pow its of the earth.
Dut how are we met in the hulls of our National !
Legislature—we mean by a majority of its mi in- J
hers Are we met in tlmt truly manly and noble j
spirit which rkould ebaraeteri/.e and control the j
actions of the conqueror towaids the conquered “ \
No! We are mi l tt the tin:shold by the Radicals
with uieiiaciug and II • biltrrrst feelings of re
venge— so met l-y men whose wuf-hwoi ! through
the War was, ‘lu.-loriiliiiiioj thr Union, a *1 in-w
that the Union is in a fair way to bo restored f.-r-
Dkatii
died al li
Slate, on the lit’i instant—ag'-i ovt-rsev
lfeservi.il his native county (Dull'.-cl
two years in the St;ile Senate. In
1S12-1.') lie served a- Captain undi r G
Ji
. -Tliis g'-ntlenvan
h county, iu this
nty years
lor ibrly-
ic war of
j. Andrew
kson, was in command of his company
taking of Tallahassee by lb? Indian
V
t Lie
Di-.i.avkd. Ilavif.g received Govt
Message yesterday, at noon, alter o
ready for the press, the puldicatim
is delayed till noon to-day. The M
l-o seen, tills nearly all the space u:
by us to Editorial an-1 N ws matter
I S<>r J UN KINS’
nr !oi ’C" were
l ol our paper
t
Nii-.iilv Jcv(
pltuisnre in commending- it, as a wlinle, to
your most favoruLile cotisitlcration. It is
just and liberal, as it slioltld 5>e, to the
freedman. It is safe, as it should be, to
the citizens. It extends no political rights
to the former, but it gives ample security
to ids rights of person and property.—
Like a great majority of the States which
never admitted, or have long since abol
ished slavery, we are wholly averse to in
vesting him with political rights and priv
ileges. For that very reason, we are mi
der the highest conceivable obligation to
protect him in his rights of person and
property, and to aid, by all just means,
his advance in civilization. Tins aid we
gave him, tliis advance we effected for
him, whilst in slavery. \\ hyslmuid it be
withheld now? Whilst we insist upon oc
cupying, in relation to those persons, the
pnsitii'ti of the governing class, let us ful
ly and fairly meet its responsibilities.
With the original report, I also trans
mit a copy of it with alterations suggest
ed by tin* commissioners themselves, upon
revision. 1 invoke for the product of their
labors a careful examination divested
of all lingering prejudices. The commis
sioners have earned your gratitude, as
well as the compensation suggested hv
the Convention, which it will be your
pleasure to make.
vacancies made should l>e speedily filled,
but tliis could only be done by giving t.»
the Governor the power o*' appointment
for an interval longer or Shorter; accord
ing to circumstances j and thus by a free
exercise :f the power of removal, lie
might at a§t draw to bimSelf, in a good
degree, flat of appointment. This, too,
would occisioti jealousy and dissatisfac
tion. Tony mind it seems abundantly
clear, that s*stern is the best, fur such an
[enterprise, N'hicb most cerlainiy fixes
personal resptiisibibty. and most eflectu-
;i!Iv scones pKunpt removal, h>r incapac-
i itv or faitlilesmess ibis is attained by
having all the responsibility of superin-
iici- centered in one —and all the re-
iibiiity of his appointrnftd and con
tinuance in olict*, centered in another,
himself inuncdatcly accountable to the
people.
The qualifications for superintendence
and management f such a woik are by
no means common, and cannot be secured
without adcqjate compensation. Lack
been applied with sufficient judgment and
persistency? ihe solitary element of the
Convict's imprisonment is, doubtless, very
potent because tery bitter. Its stringent
enforcement to restrain bad influence, and
tu conquer obduracy, would be eminently
proper; whilst its judicious relaxation, as
a reward of good conduct, and earnest i t-
fiut at amendment, might be very s»*Iuia-
tende
Spi 'll.-
will
GOVITKNOirS 31KSS YG
Mit.i.vi
Acci pt
ldili. U
m it-
ever, tin
iiuperativ
part of 111" Si
gruuiva, U3 m
clop til- -f P'di
restore the Ut
liuiulle the i
restore th" 1
ini're Futii"cti
util.
f.uiatii-isi
lUil.s for u,
ills lor h
in- our \i
•aailation.
a.
m. or .lo
ullieru j.
linn, why
I of the
th
ee i
to ttll- loWt-St
my
I )nm* ■
r that
f rungI
iccut re.
dlil.itin
•Png n
after
THE WE ST I'AX Ax D A'iLaS fit RAILROAD.
This very valuable item of State property
has, as you are well aware, suffered great
detriment from the war. The Govern-! Gnpi.:
ment of the United States, upon taking
possession of it, through the military
authorities, made such repairs as were
necessary to make it available for their | l’ 1 ' 01 '
my change bo made in the present s\>-
that the salary of the spperinten-
increased to srteh extent as, in
of qnalilicatioi cannot be supplied by the j ts jr (MK
mere multiplication of employees I-
tlian one-balf the aggregate* salaries
five, and but li tie more than half the ag- j
gregate ol three commissioners, placed at j
the lowest rate that would command very j
moderate ability, would doubtless secure \
one supei inteinh nt of high capacity.— .
g that thr great importance of the j
subject will be 'egarded a sufficient rea- !
son for giving it so large a space in this ■
communication, i leave it with the res- j
minendatinn that very little it
liver
tend
the i
must
uses, but these were not of a perma- i
or substantial character. \\ hen di
al to the State authorities in Sep- j
er last, not < nlv was the condition of |
oad itself bad, but there was an al- j
entire destitution of rolling stock, !
am
-nt
-i y
authority ot the t
mins is not the it
The Union is not
Union of con 'rut. S
publican govern ment
an 1 know ing it they :
pie If they wish to
lent they lie ir.' The
snithern Stales to the
-ail Government by force of
alien of the Union iu spiri •
rlh a hauler if it is not a
•uch is not. the spirit of re
ins the Radicals know,
the worst cm mics of the
•i eat
• uragi
i our
liavi
(list:
an
' f 1
nne skous
cars, iTialct
ry supplies,
’r U
iair
ri mi
cut
cut
: ic
la
, ;»tid file
pi riniehiierit (wi
on that Ik* pnreha
enumerated from
Ot li )<•' ir»', ,| i- J--;
n.sr-f] in them, or-
!. Tito report of
i -cl l will be laid
ft-Cciverf) will in-
Ped of the articles
the United states
m j"
v. No
■ l.-tl
i the
tin ir fallacious ami
vcrninent of a n-puhtican
shocks of poi tical commo-
pl s to o| pi i ss any sect ion
= in the majority. ,-\ peo-
our whole body politic. No measures I decided demons!!
-deptt d ileal will not impart a healthful, i will bo pursued b
lo:
Government
ruinous polk
form can wit
tl«ns proilue
thereof by o
ulc who have Urcn, far a century, .-choolcil in the
atmosphere of free government, trill not submit j
in oppression longer than they hu?e an opportani- '
ty ot csvapu’g such o ; pression. Hence, the im
port.nice of a conservative policy prevailing i
throughoi
should be
glow to the spirit and sentiment of the trholr pro- j oral Govornmcnt
f’lc. W lieu the people of rme section are oppre sed pifi-d to justitv th
at the instance or will of the people of another
section, theu the lm;‘y politic becomes deranged
and—billion*. ^
No people ar-> better apprized of the foregoing
facts than lh" Radical Northern politicians are.
They know it all. And, hence, we charge them
with the lro-t shameful hyitokh-y in the utter
ance ot th.-ir favorite watchword during the war
—-**haloedtion ot the l moil . 11 hen the time
has arrived -Tor such restoration ; when the best
opportunity is presented for c.-m -nting the Union
by ties stronger than “hooks of steel,’’ by a mi
and persuasive, but-just and healing police ; when i
the people of both sections ate tie d of civil war. I
and are willing and anxious to forgive the past
and unite in the effort to re-establish the harmonv
ol the States m perpetual peace and fnnernity*: -
when the world i= locking on with the utmost so- j
ficilude as to tne results id the triumph of the i
power of the l nil. d Stales Government to enforce j
’Is supremacy over the States lately ia revolt I
some hoping that our political wounds may be
forever healed, and others desiring the failure of j
republican government on this continent; and. in
line, when every thing is so auspicious for the ■
establishment ot uutiona! unity of the whole cotin- !
try, wc are met by a diabolical party in Congress, '•
who have risen upon Ihe political surface by for- j
tu it ous circumstances, who, to make themselves !
odious for all time to come, and to manifest a
cowardly and unmanly revenge, are struggl ng.
w ith might and main, to thwart the national de
sign of re uniting the people of the States into one
indivisible and indissoluable whole.
Not* will the policy at Washington be changed
until the people all over the Union rise inlhe
majesty of truth and peace and good-will, and
hurl (rum power these political gamblers in the
destiny of the nation. Nor will we be able to hurl
them from power until * New National Party is
organized upon the basis of the Constitution-the
necessity of which every true friend of the country
must sec. W e again ask, iu our solicitude for the
peace and harmony of the country, if 8UC ^ a
<•■ 'tiilitii-n siii*i;il of !v:
- mi's i ic ecu in -ii i v.
i \V tiiin a wet k ;ifti
liis excellency, tin- I’m
States, was | !*-aseil t
i the lak- 1’invi.-: .pal (
in it the W('V( i nnii-ia
i "ia into the liamls <>t' the elm:
] the ]K o|ile. This was certai
i iing advance in his reshwativ
j illustrates Imlli tl e kindness
1 post s and the wisd> tn
j wait ing? and pnident act
Dntiitw in-,u jy tin- wli
absence trotn tin* capita!
the United States lias lik
cess, and there have, thTTfeTm
tli
that branch i
But enutt'fli has t rans
* cxncctntion, tiiat tmt
many nmntiis will elapse before our people
will be rejwesA'ntt d in the halls of Con-
"■ii'ss. As surely as the layi?i<g of afunn*
dation gives promise of a superstructure
just so surely are we guaianteed an eailv
restoration to all our rights as members
of the American Union.
In popular governmenfa, the highest
alive functi m is that of fran insr or
•rninent
stated, a very
: cost of which
hundred tlions-
Althoiigh this pttrcliase in
c assumption of a l-uge discic-
n it is considered that there was
at the time no higher authority emanating
from the people which could be consulted
— that, without the property purchased,
the mad, so necessary to commerce and
ihe supply of the -.vaniff of the people,
could not have been operated — that it
could net have been purchased elsewhere j
on a credit, and, therefore, not at all — and '
that even in its dilapidated state, the
road, in the short space cf two months, I
yielded a nett income exceeding one-half
the amount of purchases—the viodetn of j
the act will be fully exemplified.
But large as is this outlay, it falls far
short of what must yet be expended to j
repair the damages, and put tlie road in
your judgment, will secure the hignest
capaeitv for the position. < earnestly re
quest early action upon the tvh- !e subject,
that there tnav In* n<> unneeessarv delay
111 putting the road mi tin: proper ba*!.-<.
THE I'E.N'JTEXi!.”°*V-
Public opinion seems to liars been
greatlv divided upon the expediency of
tin* Penitentiary system. The burning
of several of the buildings appertaining
to that institution, by the l nited .’■'tales’
forces in their progress through the State,
lias furnished its opponents with a favor
able opport vti.ty lot* attack.
The history of punitive justice in the
United States, and in Great Britain, from
whidh country offr ideas ol jurisprudence,
civil -and penal, have been mainly del ived,
clearly devclopes througli a Series of
years, a perceptible fee ssion from sun
guinaty and degrading* puuislimerii. For
these have been substituted punishments
of decided seventy, but redeemed by
their connection with reformatory appli
ance?. Chief among them is solitary con-
T’iic tendency in such institutions, as in
schools for boys, and higher seminaries ot
learning, is tonne unvarying disciplinary
course, regardless ot diflcrei.ee in traits
of character,* or in degrees of depravity.
It makes the daily administrative routine
more easv, and lienee the strong tempta
tion to it, but no /-diTcatord > f the young
achieved distinguished success under ik
and prison disimdino Co conducted must
fail likewise.
.Should yon detit mini lo a.ihoi\ in the
- ; system, much will have to be done to re
pair the material injury sustained by the
institution, into which, doubtless, your
committees will inquire,
management,
i as much a stranger as any
| many ot yon.
I The question will probably arise
[ or, if it be continued, it shall be
! here or established anew at soi
I point. There are certainly advantages in
I having such an institution at the seat ot
j government, which will readily occur b
the reflecting mind; and one great obji cl
heretofore existing to the locality, viz; t-
inaccessibility, by railroad
transportation, is overcoim
do ibtless it will, ere long, be still more
easy of access. [’here may, however, be
1 advantages, in some other locality, com-
! mending it to preference. Oft is, you, in
! your wisdom, will better determine —
Should you determine to locate it else-
: wlion*. I respectfully suggest that thepre-
i sent site, with necessary repairs to the
j tm ild i ngs, i.ot dost royed, a ml the addition
! of others, in vi iving no large expend il in e,
, might be used advantageously, as a labor
; prison tor persons o( color convicted « f
j ceitain efimeg. Ful'Fc works of suitable
■ descriptions', such as tf.o binning of leath
er, and tlie lower and more easily acquired
! mechanic arts, coming within the purview
| of the report of the eommissioners, liere-
i with transmitted, might be advantageous-
I ly establish'd hero.
| Bv act of the General Assembly, ap-
! prpved Ilecember 5lh, the FxC-culivc
j was authorized to establish, in conm-etion
I with Messrs. Ocvine, .Jones -& Lee, a (bu d
| Factory, for the supply, of a want sorely
| felt throughout the State. The coimec-
I tier) was formed and factory established
j on the Pemtoritiary grounds. As in the
: changed circumstances of the country it
230 tiei). won 1<1 leave one ImniRed ami ei^lii)*
thoiisaiul. eight hundred and seventy five dollars.
This suin set apart and applied faithfully- to the
pavnieiit id the bomb* now extant, would (as a
little calculation will slew ) pay their lull amount,
as tlit-y mature, until l s 72, when it would rxliu-
miish nearly half ; tear ing about, three liumlr d
and seventy* thoimaml dollars to be otherwise pro- j
vitlid lor. six v-nrs henot*. That done, the annual ;
surplus wtuld in ei.’di year extingni li tlie maim- ;
iriu' di br now exisli**g, and cnj-e that account ill
1.-st. Mcan'.iine, the sil king fund provided, as 1
pi -po.-t-d for the newly created debt, if faithfully
set apart, and judiciously invested, would silently
but surely woi k out it- red- niplioii. One great ■
advantage ol the sinking fund is, tl; t it secures ;
coufidemi--, and en,-n' tim way f--r fa-.oraldc nega- ■
tiatne.; ot the securities for which i.l may be pi d- j
vided D'H anolln-r incalculable ad-entage to the i
debtor Slate is. that it distributes the burthen of!
payment equally over all the years the debt has j
I,> run. which tor that reason, can never come, I
vita a stunning shirk upon the Treasury, nal i
necessitate a repetition of the borrowing oficin !
lien. These are matters of calciiuitiou. data tor ;
who b are ton ml .n t lie (Tun pi r'l (L-nTs R. q ort. cx '
cm pt tlie e-t male I r'-ceip!’ fliun llifi Western and i
Atlantic Railroad, in wliieh 1 liavi full c-"llidenee. !
it it l.c llmugiit s.iltk-ieiil margin has not been left i
as well as mb
to which I an
and more U*a:
'.VHi ■ 111-
rebuilt
e 'it Ik -1
ainy, viz;
travel,
already. ,
tli
nti-CellaneoiK
ai.nual ine"i
taxation not tak<
den is on Railtuii
l.-l I nut. !>.a
bv Ihe gradiia
e.xi-tiu v. i liei
iu-e
l lie
;h
meet tile ovc- d:
eveiy leas-
in eiU-ct iu;
i send )*U
from Ik-w
I hi airman
ol holder-'
I Am
•I ial
i- the:
. -i, a
a ppm | ■nation*' the leply is. that
lie will I." swelled l.y items ol
n into ilic nccmiir.. and I " ilivi-
I stock, owned by M e -iate, al o
ml immediately avai I able ; whilst.
Min lieu nt the public d'-bl iinv
ill b.- a corresponding reduct,on
f inter,-st to hie a'linually paid,
- a large surplus,
le-eii s’ '-a 'li-a.! it is proposed to
:• ’'on;:.- by is.-uing oilier bonds*,
the inl"| , . I in rr, ar. TTn-re is
,-liev e lhat im dil'leully w ill occur
ieaol!-i'.:nn. As evidence of this,
v.illi a copx ol a couifuiinicalion
Ita-lewnnd, E-q. nl Eolldoli.
,ik"iH!a; p ,in;,*d nt a nieOI ng
K-i can .a-eiiraics. on which tle le
1 In- v.-ry liberal propnsi
i> In’* I all I lie urr-ai s ol
mcrcial transactiohs. There arc times when the
money is worth much more than at others,
arely worth less than the legal mu
but it is often wort j more. The polb
y laws generally il, th place the leg*!
e lowcs. poir.t to w hi-'h,Gn a series of
years, it would go. if uulrauellcd, an,( to keep it
there, despite the varying relations of de-mind *oj
supply. Ilcncc. law-abiding CapilaTists Jisuallj
prefer other modes of employing mouey. . Acth;
capital, like running water, w ill always leave an
obstruction for an unobstructed channel open lo
it Rut export, nee proves that usury ’aws. u s
general rule, arc only olislructions in money-lend
ing to conscientious or to cautions men. Their
withdrawal leaves a more open field to the un
scrupulous and the daring, enabling them tner
t .rt from the borrowing Mass higher rates thac
with free competition could he maintained Thus,
it appears to me, thu restraint imposed on th;|
bran h of business is not only wrong in principle,
hut fail* to afford tlie intended protection. There
is at this time in Georgia a great want of money
Some need it to revive a suspended business—oth
ers. to commence a new in place of an old enter
prise. nil'll)* broken tip. The Capitalist abroad
woijd bring bis money here, if he were allo«*ed
to charge for i's use what it Is worth without in-
eurring fol teiture. It is probably wise, however,
for any people to make decided changes in their
monetary system gradually.
I suggest for your consideration the expediencr
of* so modilying tho law mi this subject as to make
seven per cent, the legnl rale, where int<*re<t ii
chi’.rgald:: according to law. and no rate fivd by
coni: act ; an-I to provide further, that any rale of
interest nut exceeding t,*n pe? cent, may lie estab-/
li-lted by. and collected under, a contract for the'
payment of money. This advance will, probably,
tie sufficient to t>* :t practically the merit of the
proposed '.ha ge; and i; will he easy, from ibis
point, to recede ol* r.;Vance ftfrtl.vr, us exper.ence
may dictate.
INCREASE of PAUPERISM.
Owing to the sudden emancipation of pereom
of color, and their consequent deprivation of un«
failing provision, hitherto enjoyed, for th.-ir wantnq
whether in infancy, in ohl age. or in sickness, thorn
will probably b-c for a time at least, a gn at in-
cr-as- of pauperism. Against its growth from
id le
be direct'
guards ar
uvoidabb.
vc. slrmgi ,i
I. and for such'
provided in ih
poverty and -
rimina'ity. pro
ml,
interest l,
id,
inuary.
bv
•nl. i
il bl.
not
o igin lies 11
lb
Ill-
Will,
in-.l cmbr.'C
g t-i bind i
■st of .1 illy
-,-n months
-Iwi
II Ion
ir inn-
that
, ,= tabhsii
,l fit debt
•l- d. I ol
Isolds o
tliollsn’id
I r vd'fo
it Is
,-gal p naliii'S should.
.-;-s pr<tmhly sufficient
ipw code. Rut lor un-
• , r sli!>'ii(,n. invo vine no
rovi hon must hr made.—
he very a,-t of emancipa-
i ik-v* luivihen.-hav?bren,
veri-h- l me] it is hard
Id sireulUint iu-ly. in the
i- .lii'-ii th-on. (udv.a rc-
to a .-I
i ..
they
of the Si a
virtue and
stituent--.
wliieh now
these dear
lien is indispi
Georgia should
sy'lein.
I r'.'Tr.Rtmond
the Executive,
•1 ty
ill al I dep
bilily ; or
mt to s,o
ollit-rs.
,1 only oi
a-t. but
In-l eal Ho
aei-ril'liL'
11 -inking
I lie falboi
Unless it
_our bonds
1 them at an ein/r
nal iate of 7 per
10 per cent., and
it' d ; or you iiiu-t
i.ses, including salari'-s.
banish from Ihe service
Koits, ciliz-ns ol sterling
i must cause your enn-
an undi r a weight ot faxution
are illy able to bear. To avoid
illenia!is earnest, decided ac-
able : and it is high time that
I,,pt a judi'^ous, ctable limmcial
• In. t
Hi/.,
r. can it b<- sup
•> d; tors will hi s: late to fund th a I
1=1 inst.*' W.thoiit an ad,-,pnti
u cannot resuscitate promptly
I yeiir.Stite U’illj it you can.
'ciiat'-d. )• > - ii im 11 -1 c-ilh'-r hawk y
it: money centers, arm :
acrific-. making a m
•quiv.ll, III to l|-,,|ll a t
111 I- er, I: * ai w a v- ib pi e
d the tar
nd to do their win
v . II a- o-diti'-al.
I igt't t hat the *,v|ie]
IT"CIS
•r:Ki*. t
•t and
el 1,,-ar »ilh
sup,-r idded annual
■y have, with 'fpiv
s col,-cqiienctJ.rind
. s, • al and moral,
- ri- itlicr n--',-.-sary
? should be I brown
fiiiomont at hard labor, fur a term.appor-1 will not fis desirable to either party D
tinned to the character of the ofic.ise.— j continue tlie donricction, I advise tlie ap
require
llie So
than t 1
Stale may i j nfi j ri th
a bonds o'*
nor rnon
This, which makes the Penitentiary sys
tem, lias been generally adopted in the
States of tlie Union, and seldom, if ever
acarrdoned after trial. Its introduction,
alwavo makes a very marked change of
lotrd11ion to meet the demands upon it j sj'stem, a:/! I am incline 1 * to think that
the transportation of passengers and the disappointment so often expressed n
Georgia with its risults, has been occa
sioned mainly by unreasonable expecta
tions entertained in its inS2ption. The
wit of man can devise no schema of puni
pointment of a:* ajr-firH, or agents, with
full authority to settli all matters in ac
count between the partied', and to divide
the assets, and make sale of each as may
be allotted to the tfitate.
altering a written constitution, llistorv
freight. Several of the largest bri
were destroyed, and must be rebuilt
i Three of the temporary structures erected
j to supply their places have been either
! swept- away or greatly damaged by fresh-
; ets during your recess, so no trains can
now run continuously betweeu Atlanta
turuishes no record of a people, not only [ and Chattanooga. Daily communication
in both directions is indeed maintained,
- j but with much trouble and expense, and
. par-
fm
men
il,i 1 P lMIn 'tted, Imt urgently invited,
tieipate in the exercise'of this hi
tion, actually exercising it and
bitrarilv denied particrpatioR in the ordi
nary legislation springing out of if An
Amendment ot the Constitution of the U.
States has been proposed bv the U tigress,
in the mode pi escribed by that instru
ment, to the Legislatures of the several
States, and its adoption depended upon
the concurrence ol the Legislatures of three
fourths of those :
stinted, seriatim,
siun, to act up,
had never separ
a rate tliemselve
These bod
ics as
lates.
as they came into ses-
3 it; those States which
-ted or attempted to sep-
troin the Union, and
whose governments,, therefore, had never
suflered disorganization, acting fiist. A
point was touched when a concurrence of
the requisite nunibcr'dvad not been attain
ed. and possibly might not be. At tliis
ar- jwith diminished income. Tho night trains
are now unavoidably dispensed with. I
doubt not you will be admonished, by this
unfortunate result,of the necessity of mak
ing speedily such expenditure as will ef-
Icctuaily prevent its recurrence.
she funds necessary to the object must
be raised upon tlie credit of tlie Slate.—
So soon as I am furnished with an esti
mate of the pruhabiM cost, I will lay it
before yon for consideration. You will,
i am persuaded, feel no hesitation in- in
curring* such debt as may be necessary
bn* the purpose, in view of assurance
furnished by its operations that the road
will $pou work out its own redemption,
and then resume its suspended function
of feeder to the treasury. Nothing now
i is needed to make it a source of immense
juncture, States, situated as was Georgia, j revenue, than solid, permanent intDrove-
were one alter another getting again into ments,motive capacity correspondin'/* to
a-n organised condition; and their Lcgis- its position in connecting lines of railroad
mama »- t . . n 1 »
«7 cannot bo organized at Washington City * j^re
there not true ami bold aud noble spirits enough
at the North to sound the notes ot alarm and
gather the people under tbs white banner of
Peace and Fraternity?
latures, npon their assemblage, were dis
tinctly invited, by Federal authority, to
take action upon this verv important
amendment. Most, if not all of them,
among whom was Georgia, not onlv act
ed, but gave their concurrence. A proc-
lamation lias gone forth announcing 1 for-
mudy, that the proposed amendment had
been adopted by tlie Legislatures of three-
par- fourths of the States, the names of which
Loss or a SicAMKK. We regret to learn from
the Macon TU, graph ihat the fine new steamer
Asher Ayres, was destroyed by fire, on her first
downward trip from Maoon to Savannah, on the
Cth ins.ant. Tbe fire was first discovered among
the cotton oil deck—Ibid bales—all of which was
also consumed. The passengers and crew, with
the exaeption of six negroes, were saved. Tbe
•Mjamex cost $60,000, and was insured for to0,000. i sar) ction.
Host of the cotton was insured.
aie set forth. In this catalogue are cm-
braced Georgia and several other States
not recently represented in Congress, but
now prepared and desirous to be so reD-
resented. Strike their names front the
ca a ogno of the proclamation, and it
would have no constitutional basis upon
vh.ch to rest If those States be not in
the Union, the Federal theory upon which
the war was waged is wrong—and they
could not rightfully have voted on the
adoption- of the amendment* Yet their
^ cre distinctly solicited, have been
counted, aud have given it the desired
Shall it be said of a Confederate Repab-
— j nc, that certain States were in tho T rt *
IhSSrJfi is the regular meeting ofUnlon | for one purpose, and out of itfor all others
s,.r.. a. . m.".. that whilst invited to participate, and
anu skillful management. All this Geor
gia can supply, and will, without: un
necessary delay, if true to herself.
ihe last mentioned condition of itysne-*
cess, skillful management, demands pres
ent consideration. Although F should
derive from it incalculable relief, I caunot
concur tn the suggestion, that tlie man
agement of this great public interest
should be transferred to a Board of Com
missioners, to be elected- by the people,
pi >3 the Geueral Assembly, fn discharg
ing the responsible duty of “givin 0 * j T ou
from time to time information-of the state
the Republic,, and of recommending to
your consideration such measures as I
may deem expedient,’* I shall yield neither
to suggestions or morbid delicacy,- nor to
the fear of being reproached with Inst < f
power. Iu discussing the relative merits
of tlie present and tlie proposed schemes
lor the management of tlie road, both of-
which have been brought to experimental
test the former finds abundant support
in the fact, wliieh I think will scarcely be
contested, that the greatest success has
been achieved under it. But I rest not
this argument on this alone. With a
^Board of- Commissioners, you will have
live justice which will ptevent the com
mission of crime—under any system the
criminal calendar will increase with in
creasing population. If the system which
has so long existed in Georgia be aban
doned, what shall replace it? I am aware
of no other suggestion than a return to
that which preceded it. About thirty
years since, the General Assembly of
Georgia made this experiment, hut the
scenes of the whipping post, and the pil
lory, and the exhibition in open court of
the red hot brand, burning infamy into
human flesh, produced in one 3*ear a re
vulsion of popular feeling, that their im
. llien?fnre,yi»i<. that you n:itlir.ri
is lh“ necessities of the
that e xtent on I v. to is=u
■ te liiwNig net less than twenty,
ii ty yea: s to run. Rearing interest not ex- •
ceeding six per c'-nt. (Hr an amount. *'.*iiich, affile'! !
to 1 lie existing lueffi-d ffiffit. not yet iri iture-'l, shall :
not exceed six millions of dollars. Serottil/y, that j
for the payment of th - interest, ari l lor the cre-a- !
tioii of a sinking fund (accumulative) to discharge ;
tlie principal of the debt, now proposed to be
creat' d, ot two per cen*. per annum on that pirn-
The: Penitentiary, if continued in opera- ; cipal. so much "i the annual income ol the Western
*" 1 1 ■' 1 ■*' • and Atlanta Railroad as may be necessary, be i
•acr* Tly pledged, and that this pledge be set lorth
in ih" bonds, 'thirdly, that to the extent < f this |
pledge, ell appropriations hitherto made, tor State ;
uses and policy, of that income,'(not involving the ;
violation of cm tract) short loans, to meet pressing
necessities; but these rnay be extinguished a-=
longer ones are efieciedy
education.
Hitherto the State has aided the ca;j=e of Edu
cation chiefly in two ways: first, by the enffi>w- i
inent of a University, and, secondly, by s- fling
apart certain (units for distribution among the .
counties in aid of common scboolj ?!••} gage of
the University is somewhat peculiar, but readily [
understood. Its original permanent endowment
was in lands, which, with the consent and appro-
] I’atq ei >s n Is M-rtitulior.'cf r Himiilated raeani
ol sntisistence, c.millin'd wilh inability. Irt-tQ
i physical "r mental c.-upi-s. to produce tlnin ; hut
it only becomes a matter of public concern.when
j no private relief is afloide i.
! has always existed among that
| >1 belore. challenged attention :
[ Why this difference V Mi-cause
| ded system, each paup r Afrii
j who cared for his wants—car
{ cared for them cheerhiUy. flow was hc-etia
| to do this.yearly ? I n m tlie tact that associated
j with these paupers, as u -II hy lies of consanguin
ity as in fetters of bomb were others cap.'ffi!
j remunerative labor. The support'd the j'.'inp'
l was nominally a charge upon the master, bu
a imp!" fact, it
iss. but has nev-
a social evil-
rider the exf'lo*.
a had a master
for thvtn wi ll—
hied
of
he
rcr, Btand-
tion, will doubtless need tlie :ip]>mpnatioii
cf triore or loss mnrir-y fo extinguish' ini
whole, of in part, the amount due it by |
tlie State, as stated i*n the report of the j
Principal Keeper, at:d to which your at- ;
tention is invited.
STATE FINANCES.
The financial condition of the State demands se
rious consideration and wise action. The curren
cy in tlie treasury when hostilities ceased is utter
ly worthless. The functions of all officers of the
State Government having been for several months
suspended, no tax hits been collect',*<1 during the
year just ended. The expenses incident to a reor
gauization of the Government have been, thus f ar.
) defrayed it from Ihe earoings of tl.
relation to him. Now, his pre-
t xiffiing relation both topaupei and labore r is an-
null« -1. Tlie tiauie? .it no more ajhargt; on him
than on th5 rest ol Tie body politic. Ihe hint’
of the laborer's tod are transferred from hr* to
i!ic laborer himself. But the relaiior.so < -a.9
anil of kindred, be? ween the p infer and the labor
er, r.re undisturbed. T ic questions to
ered in view of the whole subject are, ' n ’ ! *
transfer of the fruits of ...e laborers toil discharge
them wholly from the -■artlK-n o! .s'lpf ,r j’-
-the master ha big ’-i t l-tosc tri. .- -T •
is a cliaige. do• s u
to tne that,
met by temporary loans, and these are now very j priation ot the General Assembly, the Trustt
nearly exhausted. For all practical purposes the
treasury may now be said to be empty.
broin uhat has already been said, it is apparent
that, Birring the year upon wliieh wc have enter
ed. large sums miist be expend'd, in the revival of
important interests. In addition to these, the ar-
• j rears due upon the civil list of the last year, the
'old
n a credit, taking bonds and mortg:ig"S for the
purchase money. Sub-equently. the State a-sum-
ed the colle-A’.on of these securities, anil assumed
to account to the University for the funds as col
lect'd In liquidation of the resulting transac
tions. the Slate transferre ' to the University one
thousand shares of the Dank o? the State of Geor-
piuper
which the pauper s .-upper’
still adhere t" him: R a [ l P‘ ....
whether regarded as qinstieus iu p^lit'eal cconee
my, or of abstract enti-tj' tuc answer m
n<r " 1,tiTe - , -We -,f ‘«6ca»
There is. however a"*.';. ‘ , ,7.-_ ,,i
vdiich must not be overlooked. T l,,; "*’ '*'* •
the relationxj ma-t- r and slave, winch ' nua ' .
vote relation, inake-tbe existing panpeo-ms
ter of public concern, to the relief of whwh tm*
cipated laborers, as a class, thoegh no. ;
lv bound, are liable to contribute. : re-;". ■ -
advise Ihat a moderate apitation tax. *
erson of color, capable of earning w-8 "
voted exclusively to the support of p«P'' "
1 suggest, also, that f »‘*
purpo=e”in each county, be pa •!
h» the Justices of the Inferio
r.-lcr rules and rr-guiat"^i
mediate successors undid their work, and j interest upon the public debts, unpaid for several | gia. owned fy her. the par value being one hun
restored the Penitentiary. It tnav well j y eari b a portion of the princr*"’ ~ 1
be questioned, whether our constituency j ^th'maJk^J^a^th^n? "
would now look with more equanimity
upon such proceedings. In making the
change under consideration, the crimes
now punishable by confinement in the
Penitentiary,- must be divided into two
classes—the p»ore aggravated added to
the list of those entailing capital punish
ment—the other fie mitted to the barbar
ous sanctions of an exploded code. To
the latter I have already alluded. In re
ference to the former, it may be well to
consider the probable eSeiency of the
proposed penalty. Statesmen, jurists,
and publicists, o? th>‘s day, agree in the
opinion that certafinty gives mbre efficien
cy’ fo punishment fb-an severity. Inhere
trial by jury prevails, no reliable estimate
can be made of the certainty with which
any proposed' punishment will wait' upon
crime, without'consulting public opinion,
regarding its propriety. We are not
without some data for the application of
this test. The number of crimes now sub
jected to capital' punishment, in Georgia
is comparatively’ small; ; yet it is perfectly
notorious, (using fhe mildest form of ex
pression,) that in such cases, tbe charac
ter of the foreseen punishment, marvel
lously increases the diflJculty of satisfy-
ing jurors that the accused' has* commit
ted the crimes charged. So evident is
that feeling, that your existing code,-pro
vides as one test of the qualification of a
juror, before he is put upou the accused,
the question “Are you conscientiously op
posed to capital punishment?” This test,
as all know, excludes from the jury box',
many good, but, as I humbly conceive,
years, a portion of the principal of that <k-bt. ma
tured. while tve have been: cut off' from connection
arv expenses of the
Government during the political years 1*566 and
1807, must necessarily be provided for. I include
t. e expenses of 1807, because if resort be bad to
taxation, the u-*ual resources of supporting govern
ments, the tax must bp imposed and collected the
present year. Tlie arrearages of the past, and the
regularly accruing expenses of the present year,
can be met only by the sale of valuable property
possessed by the State, or loans predicated on her
credit. The former alternative 1 may dismiss, as
an expedient without advocates.
Recourse must, then, be had to the credit of the
State, and the practical questions arc, to what ex
tent and iu what Inrm it shall be used. I accom
pany this communication with a tabular estimate
of money which will be required for the years
1866 and 1867, which I think will admit of no ma
terial reduction. Sup«-radding to Ibis sum, so
much as you may determine to expend in the re
construction and refitting of the Western A Atlan
tic Railroad,and the Penitentiary, and such other
appropriations as it may be your pleasure to make,
for the relief of disabled soldiers, for the suffering
fam lies of those who fell in the war. which pre”
sent strong claims upon our humanity and our
gratitude, and for any other purposes, you will he
enabled clearly to estimate the necessities of the
State. We may at once assume the whole outlay
in monfey vfhtch you may determine to make iu the
political )*ear now curfient. which will terminate
on tlie first -It November next, must be borrowed,
unless yz>u not only resort to taxation, but mate
rially advance the payment <jf the tax.
Looking to the year next ensuing, (1867) it will
be necessary to determine during your present
session, whether yoj will jfrovide for its wants by
levying a tax during the present year, or whether
you will put that burthen also upon the credit ot
the State, and give to yoir constituents, in their
reddted circumstances, another year’s exemption
from State taxation. It must be borne in mind
that there is upon the statute book; an Unexecuted
law, requiring the payment of a tarf in the year
recently ended—unexecuted, because of the disor
ganized condition of the Government. I recom
mend the remission of this tax, and the imposition
of a moderate one to lie collected during the latter
dred thousand dollars. Tbe Trustees were expre s--
ly forbidden to sell ot it: any **ay to dispose of
(his stock, but were by act ot tlie G'-ncra! Asscm-
bly guaranteed perpetually eight per cent, income
(rom the stock; any overplus that might accrue ’
from annual dividends, enuring to the benefit of j
tbe institution, and anv deficit of the eight thous- j
and dollars the State to make good; And this has :
often been done, no special appropriation being
made in each instance, but the deficit being always j
paid at the Treasury by provision of the act an
buildings and gronrids there
ravagancf
is act Haiti degree
.sadly mistaken tnett.- I submit whether,.
hibiti
mpi) tat ion, there . . _
r ;", r ving.find of taste in beautifying them
UW'.f Which is Wholly inexcusable. ;
oeHiens of Crl. Frobi-I. an'l of vour committe--
"harge.i with this subject, Will aid you more
anything I can say. < c3 .
Whatever of error may be found in the „
mediations herein suli,bitted T trust "ill 1^'
reeled hy your superior w stlont, airteo a
from the unerring source of all truth-
our
fori
surest reliance, and the best hope of "
and struggling constituents.
■ Rrspectfullv submitted,
CHARLES JiJENKl.-*
thorizingthe transf.-r of thestock.aud guaranteeing R"Iffi c 4 u “U"'j'u t ., lra " 7; i Z ance, in us. le
the annual income from R of eight thousand *lol- 1 hlb!U,,i c ilp ' -‘
bus. This guaranty was doubtless induced by-
two considerations : First, that (as the history of
the transaction upon the statute book show'?) the
transfer of ihe stock was intend'd ns a satisfaction
uni s-iti"merit. °f money collected by the State on
the Ldiversity bonds and mortgages.
because in making ihe transfer ot Dank .Stork the
State assumed to inhibit the sale of it, which w-’iil 1
have been unjust, without assurance ot a ceriair
annual income beyond all contingency. Deficits
of the amount of dividend, and entire laflure s nl
dividend have always in good faith been respei d-
ed to by the State Coe result of the late war has
been, the utter failure ol the Bank oftHC State of
Georgia, and the consequent extinction of all pet
sibility of farther dividends I am not aware of
any purpose'on the part of the Trustees to urge,
at this time of financial embarrassment, any claim
for those arrears, ami I trust that they w>!l forbear
it ffir the present. Dut to the lesumption ol the
payment ot the annuity, they arc clearly entitled,
and without it cannot keep the University in suc
cessful operation: The late Convention*, having
the history 1 have already detailed fully presented
to them, and in View of tYo importance of the
whole subject, placed upon the Genet a I Assemb y
a Constitutional obligation, to ‘* provide for the
•■ariy resumption of its exercises, (which had’been*
unavoidably suspended) by a permanent uudow
ment of the Un versity.” Relying upon the annu
ity ol eight thousand dollars. tlieTruslees ha?e re
opened the institution, and l have, as you will
perceive, in the estimates accompanying this com-'
muuication, included this Hera At as early a day
as returning prosperity will permit, it w* 11
less be the pleasure of the General Assembly o
make permanent the endowment enjoined by e
r=»*
each
and .
ot the same cffii
collected fi>r thi;
to and di* ense'
Coui’t of 'hat County,
as yog may choose to prescribe.
rr.ATM 0? COTTON. . • „<
In answer to a coi.iinunicatioujromj^'o^-
Gm’nor.Johnson.relative to c< pIBre (j in Sa-
cd bv the State <>f Georgia, " * ^ eer etary Mc-
viinnah by the IVdera! »rm^ tn)( . nt in f, ;rmS him
Culloch. "I the T i ra.-ury /'P acCom panies this
by a letter, (a copy ■ prosecu te her claim
message.) 'hat the^'e,^states. It will he
in th- Court of H' . , lC fj 0 q i n *be case &s
,ny pleasure to .a--
yoti niav direct.
J ' Tll rr3I.IC BCIT.DING9, Eo .
improvements h a coiiy of th ,y re p 0! . t of Col'
1 17 Engineer, upon repairs, and improvement
FrohJ. .- l...;],lings and grounds, to ah ch
careful consideration Whilst evigun.
in >j (vmnWtlo th^r^ mav bu » .
oroft-j
of care is.
the
Thesng-
h.re-
:=cot
no
, no
8 O')
Xcw Council Ordinance-
Couxcil Chamber. January StbJl^ ^
Ordered by the Mayor and Council
following Taxes for License?, Ac., be at
by of lorce for the CUf of LSCrange th. pr
ye at : . -^
For i wheeled Omniba?. or Carnage n * *
4 W* t ded Hray s or VVagona used as S'icb, l
2 wheeled <io rt .--.*•• ••• ?
For Livery ana Sale Sts.bles, witn vebu
for hire... ., si'O 0‘>
Retail of Sph-itoas Liquors, Q
Wholesale do do 1
250 00.
faction License,. *.••••* °.J'
Gift Lotteries or Enterpnses, Jkc., 5u w
True extract of Minutes.
DANIEL McMILLAN. M-fTcr.
,F. M*. DEAi.r., Clerk: j-'ul2 V