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Tbe article below, appeared in the N. York Sunday Times, one of the ablest, and decidedly the most Southern paper, published at the North. We commend the aiticle to the attention of some of our Southern editors, and the worthy Journal from which it is extracted, to the patronage of all our readers. The Only Question. To suppose that legislation in Congress will flow through its regular and safe channels while the slavery question remains unsettled, is to sup. pose what is not probable or even possible. The wheels of government are stopped, and nothing is talked of in Washington but the sla very question—the north insisting upon agitation and tho south bent on resistance. Mr. Calhoun indulges in no hope ; and yet this question most be definitely settled—not patched up. There must be no legislation on the subject in Congress, i No Wilmot proviso must be passed—the very > name must not be whispered within the walls of Congress. And why ? Because it is interdict- ‘ ed by the compromise >f the constitution, and [ Congress has no right to meddle with it at all. : ‘“But,” say the incendiary presses of the north, “the south threatens to separate and to divide the Union. The south are the agitators.” Not so. What motive can the south have to desire a separation, having always been the most devo ted in all that pertained to the honor, the safety, and the prosperity of the Union ? But if we grossly violate her rights, wc drive her to any ! and every extremity which may follow. The j question is not whether the south shall be per- j initted to separate, but wheiher the north shall ! be allowed to goad, annoy, distress, and distract the south on the question of slavery. If the north will not protect the. south, but will permit fanatics and political knaves to assail her, who is in fault if a southern convention leads to this j fearful result? We —we of the north—are alone j to blame. We raise the incendiary torch. Is j it to be tolerated that, amidst the glorious na- i tional prosperity by which we are surrounded, this accursed question should be permitted to di vide and distract us ? Mho opinions and feelings of the south on this question have always been what they now ate. They assume no new ground—it has always been the same. They have always expressed themselves in the same language as they do now in relation to this in vasion of their rights. Twenty-four years ago, when John Quincy Adams was anxious to send ministers to the congress at Panama, to setttle, among other measures, the position of Hayti, Gen. Hayne, a senator from South Carolina, and as pure and patriotic a man as any in that body, used the following language in reference to the slavery question which might grow out of that mission. After referring to the cordial co operation of tho south in suppressing the African slave trade, he continued : “On the slave question my opinion is this : I consider our rights in that species of property as not being open to discussion either here or else, where ; and in respect to our duties (imposed by our situation,) we are not to be taught them by fanatics, religious or political. To call into question our rights is grossly to violate them. To attempt to instruct us on this subject is to in sult us. M'o dare to assail our institutions is wantonly to invade our peace. Let me solemn ly declare, once for all, that the southern States will never permit, and never can permit, any in terference whatever in their domestic concerns ; and that the very day on which the unhallowed attempt shall be made by the authorities of the federal government, we will consider ourselves as driven from the Union.” Tnis was said by a senator devoted to the Union—not in anger, not in passion, not in a spirit of defiance, but in a solemn, decided, and impressive manner. Equally eloquent, firm, and decisive was the language of another senator on that very question—one who, alas ! has fallen from his high estate on this very exciting topic. Col. Benton said, in relation to that congress at Panama and the Hayti question : “Our policy, Mr. President, towards Hayti has been fixed for three-and.thirty years. YVe trade with her, but no diplomatic relations have been established between us. YY’e receive no mulatto consuls or black ambassadors from her. And why? Because the peace of eleven states in the Union will not permit the fruits of a suc cessful negro insurrection to be exhibited amongst them. It will not permit the fact to be •ecn and told, that for the murder of their mas. tors and mistresses they are to find friends among the white people of the United States. No, Mr. President, this is a question which has been determined iikre for three.and-thirty years —one which has never been open for discus •on at home or abroad. I would not debate whether my slave was my property, and 1 would not go to Panama to ‘ determine the rights of Hayti and of Africans .’ The intentions of the agitators are wholly immaterial. The conse quences will he the same to ns whether their de signs be wicked or charitable. Knaves can do nothing without dupes. The wicked w'mld be harnilesss were it not for good men who become their associates and instruments.” After referring to the massacre at St. Domin go and its dreadful results, Coi. Benton contin ued : “Are not the slaveholding states filled with emissaries preaching doctrines which lead to the same result? Has not a second Atiachasis Clootz appeared in Pration, sent his petiou here, and found a person in the speaker’s chair to pre sent it to the House of Representatives, in which the total destruction of all the slaveholding states is recommended as a ‘ sublime measure ?’ ” Thus spoke Col. Benton in the days of his purity and patriotism. His arguments are equally sound at this day. What, then, is the remedy ? \\ hat is the compromise ? YY’hat is the compromise f YY’hat does justice and in tegrity, as well as humanity, require to settle forever this most unfortunate and uncalled for struggle and difficulty 7 It is, in the first in stance, to pass the law now before the House to enforce that provision in the constitution so grossly and shamefully violated by the north in relation to fugitive slaves. It was that protec. tion in the constitution which induced the south to come into the Union, and its violation is a di rect invitation for the south to secede from that Union. Again, Congress having no right, ex pressed or implied, by the constitution to legis late on slavery, the subject must be banished from the councils of the nation. Again we say, no AY i Imot proviso, no territorial restrictions, no interference in relatii n to that institution, should crer be permitted in Congress. the sub ject alone—let the south alone—let slavery alone. ‘Phis must be the cry by the yeomanry of the north and by the friends of the Union ev erywltere ; and the agitators and incendiaries, wherever they may lie found—political or reli! gious, social or fanatical—must be made to un derstand that this is the will of the people. Ag itation will then cease and thre Union will be j preserved. YY’ar to the Knife against the Free SoiLf.rs— Expulsion from Tammany. —The Loco Foco General Committee, at their meet ing at Tammany Hall, adopted unanimously tbe j foiloffing significant resolutions : “Resolved, That the individuals in this com- ; mittee who voted against Cass and Butler, at the ; last Presidential election, viz., Uynders, Purser,! j Downing, Kell)-, and -Miller, be expelled from this committee, inasmuch 83 at the last meeting j a resolution was passed by the committee, de claring ineligible, as members thereof, any per sons who voted against Cass and Butler. “Resolved, That we deem the union of the American States the primary political object of all true democrats. “Resolved, That we continue to regard Mar tin Van Buren as a traitor and an ingrate, and to detest those who supported the infamous coalition formed at Buffalo by whigs, negroes, and the so called leaders of the Van Buren (action. “Resolved, That we are opposed to the YVil inot Proviso, as the expression of a political heresy, in violation of the constitution, and dan gerous to the perpetuity of our Union. “Resolved, That a meeting of the democratic republican party be called at Tammany Hall, at an early day, to express the voice of the democ racy of the great city of New York, in favor of the preservation of our glorious Union.” THE SOUTHERN SENTINEL COLUMBUS, BEORCIA, FEB. 21, 1850. OCT Being about to remove our office, we offer for rent, the Room which we have here tofoie occupied. Apply at this Office. YVe have again to request our exchanges to observe the change which has taken place in the name of this paper. Many of their favors still come directed to the “Muscogee Democrat.” Felt Section, No. 2, of the Cadets of Temperance, will celebrate their anniversary on the 251 h of February, at Concert Hall. Compromise. In the great speech recently delivered in the Senate by Mr. Clay, he dwells upon the necessi ty of adjusting, once for all, the distracting is sues between the North and the South. A set tlement of one, he very properly argues, will not insure domestic tranquility, while the body poli tic is left the subject of ceaseless agitation from the various other matters in controversy. To accomplish this very desirable end, he hasdedi icated his exclusive attention since the com mencement of the session, and tho fruit of his | labors is presented in the scries of resolutions introduced by him into the Senate. These res olutions in the concrete, lie denominates, a com promise, and he urges their adoption as the only hopo ol restoring quiet, and preserving the Un ion. If this be tbe only hope, then “ZcZ discord reign forever upon these terms, the South can not longer submit to the Union. On the subject of Southern rights, our opin ion has already been indicated in the previous numbers of the Sentinel, but that our position may not be misunderstood by any of our readers, we here declare our unequivocal and unqualified opposition to any and every compromise of this question. Nor is this position assumed in a spir it of indifference to tho Union of these States ; we are devoted to that Union, and stand prepar ed to sacrifice for is perpetuity, whatever an honorable appreciation of our rights under its guaranties, may demand. \\ 7 e believe that the proud pre-eminence of the American States can j only be maintained by the Union of those States ; j w e believe that the honor of the whole, and the interest of each, demand a continuation of the bonds of Union, and for these reasons, not less than the recollection of the circumstances atten i ding its formation, and the prosperity which has distinguished its history, we love the Union. So far then from assuming this position in a spir it of reckless indifference, we do so, because we religiously believe that it is thu3 alone that the I Union can be maintained. YY hat has the Union, or the South, to hope from a compromise of the question ? Does not the history of compromises warn us of their in sufficiency to determine the controversy? Gan any contract, we may now make, impose more binding obligations upon the parties, than were implied in the settlement of the Missouri ques tion ? YVe stood then upon the verge of disso lution, and the friends of the Union, trembling in view of its peril, made the same eloquent ap. peals in its behalf which we now hear. Con ciliatory counsels prevailed, and to avert the evil which was threatened, all parties embraced the hope that by a compromise, the integrity of the Union might be preserved. And how have the expectations then so eagerly encouraged, been realized ? The compromise has been regarded, so long as it enured solely to the benefit of a grasping majority, but its obligations are scouted, so soon us they are claimed by tho weaker sec tion. In this brief history, we may unerringly read the fate of all compromises. They mav delay, but they can not defeat, the evil hour. Sooner or later, under such a policy, it must come, and its postponement only renders it more inevitable. Case legislation never determines anything, for while it may furnish a precedent, it docs not bind the discretion of subsequent legislatures. The very next emergency will re-open the discussion, and again tho unmean ing aid of compromise, more exacting in its de inands, upon each recurring appeal, must bo in voked. Il the south would maintain its honor in the present contest, and protect itself against future encroachment, let it plant its claims upon the constitution, and, asking nothing more, and ac cepting nothing Jess, than it secures, “sink or swim” with lire issue. Let it be proclaimed to the North in terms which may not be misun derstood, that we do not ask the general govern ment to legislate for us, and it shall not legislate against us. Let the question of our peculiar in stitutions rest, where the constitution has placed it, beyond the jurisdiction of Congress, and let it be understood that we deny to the federal gov-! ernment, any authority, even to compromise it in § © iir so 11 on iiEnraragt. any way. But we arc told that unless Congress does legislate on the question, that the South is just as effectually excluded from the Territories, i as she would be under the operation of the YViU ! mot Proviso ; that slavery can not exist without some positive law authorizing it, and that there j fore in the absence of such municipal provisions, the South can never participate in the Territo ! rics. YVe deny all this, but even if it were true, we are not the less decided in our conviction of the truth of the former position. If the South can only share in California by the permission of Congress, we hope she will never share in it. YVe would, with equal reason, oppose an act of Congress authorizing slavery to exist in California, as we do, the YY’ilmot Proviso, ex cluding it. Hence we are opposed to the Mis souri compromise. With what show of reason, can Southern men record their votes in favor of that measure, when in their speeches they de nounce the attempt on the part of Congress td legislate on the subject of slavery in the Territo ries. YY r e look upon this pretended compromise, as at the best, but the waif which the thief abandons, in his flight, to elude and deceive his pursuers. No, the only position of safety for the South, is to stand by tbe constitution ; to resist Northern encroachment, in limine ; to prescribe, once for all, the entire abandonment of the assumed juris diction of the general government over the ques tion of slavery, as the only terms upon which the Union shall be maintained. Columbus Cotton Market. Feb. 20. — The market during the past week displayed I uniform, regular and steady rates, and may be quo ted at 11 cents for good middling, and for middling fair. There has been but a moderate quantity offering at the warehouses, which met with a ready sale. The supplies coming in are very light, and it is believed that the quantity yet to come in is but a fragment of the crop, say not over 25,00 bales for the balance of the season. People I Have Met; Or, Pictures of Society and People of Mark. Such is the title of a beautiful volume by N. P. YY’iilis, just laid on our table by Mr. John YV. Pease, bookseller in this city. The title itself is attractive, and the character of the author gives promise of an exquisite treat in its contents. By the way, the lovers of choice reading can be supplied with a great variety of miscellaneous works at Mr. Pease’s Book-stoic. Among those just received, we see the following highly entertaining books : Los Gringos: Evenings at Wondlawn; Headley’s Sacred scenes ; and others which will be found enu merated in the advertisement in another col umn. The Southern Quarterly Review.— The January No. is on our table. Os the many pe riodical publications of the day, this presents pre-eminent claims to the patronage of South ern readers. It is the only literary quarterly publication at the South, and this circumstance, in connection with its exalted merit, entitles it to a place upon the table of every Southerner who has any fondness for this style of literature. It is at present under the editorial conduct of William Gilmore Simms, who justly ranks among the best writers of America, and its pa ges are well filled with productions from the pens of our ablest reviewers and essayists. This number commences the eighth year of its exist ence, a circumstance that warrants the hope that it is now permanently and successfully es tablished. The South should certainly see to it, that it is well sustained. If there were no pride involved in its success, its columns will prove one of the most efficient bulwarks of Southern interests. The Southern Quarterly Review, the Southern Literary Messenger and Deßow’s Commercial Review, are beyond all comparison the best periodicals of the South and are not behind any published in America. The Quarterly is published, as its name indi cates, four times during the year, at Charleston, S. C. for $5 per annum. The Messenger is published monthly, at Richmond, Va. for $5, and Deßow’s Journal, at New Orleans, monthly, at the same price. YVe commend the three to our readers, with the request that if they are not subscribers to one or all of these, that they be come so immediately. Certainly it is the duty ot a Southern reader to patronize these, before he goes farther from home and fares worse. YVith out being authorized to act as agent for either .of! these works, we will take pleasure in sending ■ on the subscriptions of any person who wishes to become a subscriber. DR. YVEST. YVe notice in the city papers of Tuesday, that, this man is preparing a defence of himself, which is promised next week. YY’e caution his friends , that unless they keep pretty constant vigils over their precious favorite, next week will find them without a pastor. If the Dr. will remain in charge of his flock, and clear his ministerial skirts of their unininis* terial filth, we will pay all the tithes of his church, and beg his pardon for what we have done ; hut if af ter all, his fold should agree with us that lie is a vil lainous impostor, we hope his license, (which we un derstand was conferred on Saturday Evening.) will be taken from him, and that they will repair tho in jury they have done us. Again we put them on their guard, that the scamp does not escape. “New Triumphs of American Art.” The lovers of the tine arts in this city are promised a treat in the magnificent paintings of Rossiter. which are to be in Columbus in a short time. Our Exchanges speak in the very highest terms of their merit. The N. Y. Tribune says, in speaking of them : “The conception is simple and sublime, the com position classic and correct, and the action forcible, yet unexaggerated. The artist’s deliberate and sin cere conviction of right is traceable in every line. The most striking portions of the picture are the delicacy and sweetness of the female forms and faces, and the dazzling effects of light playing upon the marbled and statuesque shoulder and neck of Ja phet’s wife, in the right foreground. Here Mr. Rosister is always beautiful—often unrivalled. The Sea, and the wide space of the sky behind Noah, are powerfully rendered. YY’e can safely promise our. fellow-citizens a pleasure of uo ordinary kind.” ‘ The Girard and Mobile Railroad* W e lake pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to the following from the editorial of the Mobile Daily Advertiser of the 16th inst. The prospect of the early building of the road in question, and the early completion of our own ; road, now destined to meet with the South West ern Railroad at or near Fort Valley, is indeed most cheering to all concerned. We hesitate not to say, independent of all the advantages to I result to both the States of Alabama and Georgia, 1 from these great enterprises, that a better and ! safer investment for capital is not offered in the | Union. We have heard cooler, and more cal culating heads than ours, estimating the value of j stock in either road, upon the completion of both, 1 at 23 per cent, per annum, j This may seem to be something extravagant. : It is certainly true, however, that the two roads, running over a space of2GO miles, will costless | by 25 to 50 per cent, than any other in the j world ; and that the prospect of travel and j freight conveyance over them, promises as large an amount of business, indeed larger, than any | Other, to say the least of it, in all the South. How then can stock in either fail to be a good investment ? There is another argument, and with us an all-powerful one, and that is, they are both being constructed upon the cash principle. When completed, the very first day’s running of the cars will give a dividend to the stockholders. We wish the Girard and Mobile Railroad all the success which it merits, and to our worthy | and enterprising fellow citizen, Major R. A. j Hardaway, and to those associated with him in its direction, the proud distinction of witnessing I its early progress and completion. Girard and Mosile Railroad.— Our renders will j perceive, by reference to another column, a notice that the Books for the Subscription of the Stock of this Road, j are opened at the office of William A. Hardaway, Esq. This road, if completed, will prove one of the greatest thoroughfares in the south-west, and traverses a country which needs railroad facilities in as high a degree as any portion of the State. We are informed by the gentle manly agent, Hon. Roberta. Hardaway, that the pros | pects for the completion of the road are most cheering. • . The pln adopted for taking the stock we think is an ex- j ccllent one, and ie well calculated to insure success. It is to receive subscriptions payable in labor—the subscriber j obligating himself to grade and lay down the superstruc ture on a half mile, one mile or three miles, or more, as he may fee! able, agreeing to receive payment therefor in : certificates of stock upon the estimate of the work by the I engineer, after it is completed. Mr. H. says that an ad- ! mirable feeling prevails along the line among the plant- j ers ; that the counties of Russell, Macon, Pike and Moot- j gomery have subscribed a sufficient amount to carry the j grading and superstructure through these counties, and ! that Butler and Conecuh have nearly taken enough to ; cofnplete the same work through these counties, and that j the other counties on the route had given the very j strongest assurances of being able in a short time to : make up their portions. This certainly looks like going i through witli “a rush.” Air. 11. has only been some j three weeks on the route. ‘Phe road is not yet surveyed or located. The general ; course, however, is indicated by nature. It is intended to connect at Columbus, Ga., with a road running from that point to the Georgia Railroad, now in process of com pletion. W hen built, these roads will become, necessari ly, the great travelling route from New York to New Or leans. The plan adopted by the company of getting the plant ers to take the stock, promises well. They can build it if they will, and never feel that any money has been paid • out. We understand also, that nothing is to he done tin- | til a sufficient amount is subscribed to secure the final success of the enterprise. This is prudent. We com mend this road to the consideration ol the citizens of Mo bile. The Pacific Rail Road.— We perceive from the St. Louis papers that a company has been organized in that city under the name of the “Pacific Rail Road,” by virtue of a charter obtained at the last session of the Missouri Leg islature. The company is authorized to con struct a road from St. Louis to Jefferson City, and thence to some point on the western line of the State, “with a view that the same may be continued hereafter, westwardiy to the Pacific Ocean.” At a meeting of the Board on the 31st of January, Col. John O’Fallon was elected President; Thomas Allen, Secretary, and Dan iel D. Page, Treasurer. Every enterprise must have a beginning, and though compared with the immensity of the undertaking, the St. Louis project seems almost insignificant, stiff it is a necessary step towards the completion of this mammoth work. That it will be completed, we have not a doubt ; nor is its success to be left a problem to be solved by posterity. The gigan tic growth of California is without a parallel in the world’s history. The immense mineral re. sources of that country may have hastened the flood tide of emigration to her shores, but when those elements ol attraction shall have been ex hausted, w* do not believe that the star of empire will less certainly or less rapidly, pursue its west ern course. In a halt century, the commerce of the Pacific will as much exceed the commerce of the Atlantic, as that of the latter now ex. ceeds the former. There will, from the nature ! ol things, be a greater diversity, and consequent ly a greater interchange of productions, be tween Asia and America, than there is between Europe and America. San Francisco is des tined to become the most magnificent commer cial emporium of the world ; the centre of dis trißution for the commerce of the Pacific. This grand Railroad must furnish one of the outlets of this commerce to the Atlantic States, and hence its necessity will be felt and its blessings realized, long before the intermediate country has been settled. O’ Our attention lias been called to a surgical operation performed by Dr. A. C. Philips, of Auburn, Alabama. The patient, a son of Mr. John G. Brown, was afflicted with cross eyes, and by the operation, the defect has been entirely remedied. Dr. Philips promises to become worthy of his preceptor, Dr. Wildman, of this city. (X/ The Santa Fc papers speak in compli mentary terms of Col. James S. Calhoun, our former fellow citizen, now Indian Agent at that place. (fcy” Fbe YY higs of the Georgia Legislature have held a meeting at Brown’s Hotel, to deter mine upon carrying out their dishonorable in tentions to defeat further legislation this session, i The course they have adopted is unworthy any j i respectable party, and at best is hut the lame j j subterfuge ol tactionists. Wo hope the people ] will put their mark upon every one of them. j By Telegraph for the Southern Sentinel. GREAT FIRE IN MACON ! Macon, 4J o’clock, r. m., Feb. 20, 1850. Fire Tuesday morning, discovered on Cotton Ave nue, at one o’clock, consuming the following stores : Taylor and Son’s Cabinet Warehouse, Capt. Shelton’s Tailor Shop, J. J. &• S. P. Richards, Book Store, W. G. Little, Druggist, Horace Fitch & Co.’s Clothing Store, Win. 11. Bragg & Cos. Hardware Merchants, M. D. Barnes, Jeweler, Jackson Barnes’ Book Store, Airs. Sullivan s Fruiter}’, J. 11. &• \Y r . S. Ellis, Druggists, Alasonic Lodge, second story ov er Mess. Ellis, J. &. S. S. V irgin, Jewelers, Thom as F. Newton. Merchant Tailor, Doctor C. B. Cot tingham’s office, George Jones, Crockery Merchant. Gresham & Jones’ Law Office, J. W. Babcock's Carriage Warehouse on the opposite side of the Ave nue, Alorris &. Mix, Saddlers, J. C. Demsey, Grocer, Freeman & Roberts, Carriage Warehouse, Logan & Atkinson’s Dry Goods Store, Sons of Temperance Hall and Odd Fellows Lodge, second story over Lo gan & Atkinson's, and Engles clothing store. Total loss, buildings and property, estimated at one hundred thousand dollars ; entire insurance, thirty-five thousand. Dreadful Conflagration. —The New Orleans papers which reach us this morning, bring the intel ligence of an extensive fire which occurred in that city on Saturday last. At the time of going to press, twenty houses had b-'en burned down, and the fire was raging terribly. The principal burning was on Camp street. The Picayune printing establishment had been consumed. Father Matiikw. —This great man readi ed our city on Friday last, and remained in our midst until yesterday morning, when he left for Montgomery. During his stay he administered the pledge to five hundred persons. His von crable person and agreeable manners prepos sess one immediately in his favor, and an ac quaintance with him heightens the esteem in spired by his appearance. Below we publish a correspondence between him and the Row Mr. Bermingham, of this city, from which it appears that his brief sojourn in Columbus lias been as agreeable to him, as it was to the friends he leaves behind him. We have also been furnished with copies of the addresses de livered by Air. John 11. Madden, in extending, and Father Mathew in accepting, the hospi a", ties of his friends in this city, but regret that xvc are compelled, from want of room, to exclude them. Columbus, Ga., Feb. TO, 1853. Very Rev. and dear Father Malkc.tr : You will please consider yourself, during your slay in Columbus, as the welcome guest of my hum ble self and beloved congregation. The en closed amount, uhich will be handed you ffy John 11. Madden, Esq., will defray your ex penses. If any surplus remains, please apply it to the erection of your Church in Cork. Alay your life be long and happy ! and your cause prosper and spread to the limits of the world, and to Ihe end of time ! YVe are, very Reverend, and dear friend, most sincerely and Respect.Vly yours, in Christ, T. BERMINGHAM, Pastor. John H. M add ex, ) Patrick Adams, / Collectors. Patrick Foe a.-, ; Columbus, Ga., Feb. 19, 1850. My Dear Father Bermingham : On the eve of my departure from Columbus, allow me to re turn you, my sincere and heartfelt thanks for your very great attention, kindness and hospital ity. To the pious and exemplary members of your congregation, I beg also to present my most grateful acknowledgments, for their cordial we lccme, and spontaneous and unexpected gen erosity in presenting me with sixty dollars.— Their zeal in the sacred cause of Religion, and the magnanimity with which they came forward to take the Total Abstinence Pledge, has edified me exceedingly, has made an impression on my mind that shall never be effaced. To the highminded, most respected gentle men in connection with the Total Abstinence Society, who did me the honor of a visit after my arrival, tendering their warm congratulations, and hearty co-operation, and extending to me the hospitalities of the city, I want words to express the intense feelings of gratitude, and re pect, I owe them. It pained me exceedingly, to be obliged in consequence of infirm health, and my necessa rily limited sojourn in Columbus, to respectfully decline their intended compliments. I hey will, I trust, through you, Reverend Sir, accept my apology for not being able to return in person, their visits, which is alone to Le at tributed to my delicate state of health, and to incessant occupation in that great sacred cause, in which we are all deeply interested. Excuse haste, and believe me with ardent gratitude, dear Rev. Mr. Bermingham, Yours devotedly and affectionately, THEOBALD MATHEYV. fcy” Col. Jos.YV. Jackson, Democrat, lias been elected to till the vacancy in the Ist Congression al District. The Georgia delegation now stands 5 Democrats and 3 Whigs. Cs”'lhe Georgia Legislature Las passed a Bill for the appointment of Masters of Equity for the counties of Muscogee, Talbot and Stewart. I his is one of the best Bills passed at this ses sion. The Tennessee Legislature has appro ’ printed 53.i0.000 to the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, running from Knoxville in the : former, to Dalton, in the latter State. OCT” I’ho entire amount of Stock, being 81,000,000, has been taken, in the contem plated road connecting the N. C. and S. Caro lina Railroads. A Bill has passed the Georgia Legisla ture, changing the time of meeting of the Gen eral Assembly from Ist Monday in November to 1 hursday after 3J Monday in October. Franz Coenen, who, it will be recollect cd, was with llerz when he passed through our city on his way to Mexico, and who, it was re ported, had died in that country, is still alive, and has been named Royal Professor at the Hague in Polaud. “ , Correspondence of the Southern Sentinel. MILLEDGEVILLE, February 12, 1850. Df.ar C.: In the House, this morning, the Congression* al District Bill was called up, and the Whigs finding it would be passed, left the Hall, which left the House without a quorum. The Demo crats are in their seats, as the House can not adjourn for want of a quorum. How far their | course may be justifiable I leave to the people. As it is more than probable there will have to be a called session to reorganize the Districts after the census, I thought it best to have laid the Bill on the table, presuming it was creating an excitement and wasting time, with very little prospect of doing good. I just learn that the Bill has been passed, a quorum having voted. I will write you further to-morrow. lours, dec. TANARUS February 13, 185 J. At 3 o’clock yesterday, both parties met and | transacted business harmoniously, and again last night. This morning the \Y ; higs made a motion to reconsider the Congressional Bill and failed, whereupon, they again withdrew. The other party remained until dinner, lacking one of a quorum. After dinner they met and were de bating what to do, when a scene occurred, I hope I shall not again witness—a quarrel and a i blow or two between two of our own party. I was reading at the opposite side of the Hall and did not hear the cause of the difficulty. After trying in vain to get a quorum, the House ad journed until to-morrow nine o’clock. I hope by that time some compromise may be effected. The Whigs have had a meeting, I learn, to night, and passed a resolution binding them | selves to adhere to their course. _ How far this may comport with their oaths to vote on all ques tions that come before them, I leave to casuists j and their constituents to determine. My own opinion is, that they are bound to remain and vote. Establish the precedent that a minority can retire whenever the Legislation does not | suit them, and there is an end of government. The Senate has been most of the day on the | ‘l'ax Bill. Mr. Cochran offered a substitute for the House Bill ; the substitute was the ad valo. . rein system, but unfortunately, as I think, voted down. It is the old storv over again, of the man that carried a pumpkin in one end of his bag and a rock to balance it, instead of another pumpkin. “II is father had always done it.” i Some oppose it from interest, some from igno rance, and some for fear it will be unpopular. No one pretends that the present plan is just. I have not kept the run of the various charters for i Banks, Rail Roads, Flank Roads, &c. One \ thing I noticed, all the Road charters have the privilege of taking private property for private uses. YY’ere Ia younger man I would go to some country where there was no power to in corporate people. I sometimes think, the beet use I could put my remaining days to, would bo |togo to some new country and try to establish a ; government without corporations, custom-houses |or tax gatherers. YY’hat a glorious country it ! would be. I would rank higher than all the db | coverers that ever lived. 1 should throw in the I “hade Sane ho Panza’s man that invented I sleep. I omitted at the time, to say that a law has j Ijcon passed changing the time of electing morn | bers of Congress. It will come off’on the same day of the election for Governor. Before that time we will have anew apportionment, and probably another member ; if so, all the dis. | graceful scenes we have witnessed here hare ■ been for nothing. I blame both parties, one | for urging a useless measure, and the other for | resisting it. YVhen this Biff for changing tl.o | time for the election was before the House, a democratic member, remarked that if that Biff passed, that there would be no necessity for act. ing on the District Biff. The Whigs defend themselves for leaving the House by saying that | they considered the Democrat.! pledged by the above remark not to urge the Bill. Now, ifany Whigs were induced to leave here by this ha. | P lied pledge, by which the party were left in a ! minority, it might form an excuse, but they wero | in a minority when the statement was made, and it in nowise, as I learn, affected the result. A few may have gone off', but not enough to have defeated the Bill, provided the Democrats all voted for it. The impression prevails, that if the YY’l.igs had remained in their seats the Dis. trict Bill would have been defeated, as several Democrats did not wish to oppose it. I sincere, ly hope they will meet in a better humor to-mor. row; but it is doubtful, as there are more tors than Nestors in the House, and one Paris like him of old. eminently qualified to set better men by the cars. j- T iiursda y, 9| a. m. — Ihe whigs still remain without the House, and the Democrats geem equally determined not to yield. God knows how it will terminate. It only requires a few men of high moral courage to settle it. T*. l February 16, 1850.. j Our folks are still in confusion ; the Whigs re fuse to attend. Messengers have been sent for | two absent Democrats; there are 64 here and 66 | are necessary to proceed. The whigs agree to | c°me in and suspend the order of the day, (the Congressional District Bill,) and transact the ; ot hcr business,per milting them to leave or remain as they thought proper. The Democrats say if I Bwy come in they must remain and do the busi ness of the Houie. Ii the two Democrats do not return, it is un certain whether any farther business will be done. If the appropriation and Tax Bills were passed it would not make much difference. By ordering an election to fill the vacancy in Baker county, the Democrats can insure a quorum, and allow fo.* on© absentee, This course would