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•(From the New York Herald, April 30.] Cotton. Holders of cotton are anxiously looking tor later advices from Europe, particularly fjjom Manchester. Great ditference of opinion exists here relative to the future course of prices, but it has, from the first moment, a short crop appear ng inevitable, been our opinion that prices must advance a great deal beyond present points. It matters very little what accounts one or two more steamers may bring, and the reports from Liver pool for a week or two later than those on board the America, now nearly due, are just as like ly to show a decline as an advance. There is one fact pretty generally known on this side of the Atlantic, which is a short crop, and in tire face of that, it is lolly for the spinners of Manchester and speculators of Liverpool to carry on the contest with holders on this side. There never has been a season in the commercial history of this country, when we have been bet ter able to carry opr cotton crop than this, and the lords of the loom in England will soon find that they have made a great mistake in their elforts to force us to sell. They have heretofore suc ceeded hi depressing prices for this great sta ple product, whenever they have made an ef fort to do so, and have supposed that the power was still in their hands. They w ill soon dis cover their mistake; and if they do not have ro pay for their temerity, we will give it up, and let them rule prices hereafter without opposition. The three great regulators of prices for Cot ton in the Liverpool market, are Baring, Broth ers & Cos., Brown. Shipley & Cos., and Feil den, Brothers &. Cos., the last exercising the greatest influence, and in ability decidedly su perior to the others. Their agents are found in every Southern port iti the country, and as a class,’ are remarkable for their fidelity to English interests. The Fieldens are the larg <st cotton manufacturers in the -world. Their commission business in Liverpool, immense •is it is subsidiary entirely to their manufac turing interest at Manchester. These houses have ruled supreme in the cotton market, and have put prices for the raw material up or down at pleasure. This year they have re ceived a check that will learn them a lesson, j Their sceptre has departed, and from this time ! forward, prices will depend more upon supply j and demand, than upon the dictum of a com- ‘ lunation of the immense wealth of a few hous- j f s in Liverpool. What we have been so long j and so anxiously looking for is upon the point j of being realised. The Cotton crop hereafter j will be controlled on this side of the Atlantic, and I New York will be the great distributing point of j the raw material, instead of Liverpool. The ; -consumption of cotton in this country lias be- | come so great, and is progressing with so much ! rapidity, thal prices for any surplus that we may : have for shipment, will not depend entirely up- j on the whims and caprices of the spinners of j Manchester. The markets of Great Britain ! will not be so important as in past years, and j as our shipments become more direct to the i points of consumption in Europe, we shall be j better able to establish and maintain prices. Our j manufacturers already consume half as much ! cotton as those of Great Britain; the ratio of in- I crease here is much greater than on the other { side, and the production of the raw material ‘ cannot keep pace with the, increase in consump- ! tion throughout the world. We have shown ! that, under the most favorable auspices, a crop : of two millions six hundred thousand bales is j a much as can be picked, and the annual con- j sumption already reaches that quantity. It, I therefore, appears plain, th3t the movements in j the Cotton market, henceforth, are likely to be! highly important and interesting. The course pursued in previous years by the three houses above mentioned, has been adopted this, but not with equal success; in fact, this year with defeat, o-ut and out defeat, which will result irt a complete route. The policy here tofore has been to let prices up in the fall, so ns to bring the crop from its recesses to in- ; crease the supply as rapidly as possible in the ! ports, and determine, at the earliest moment, | die production - for the year. As soon as this ; operation- has had full effect, and the extent of j the supply is known, the reverse movement is i resorted to, for the purpose of dapreciating prices, to enable spinners and these large houses to. lay in large stocks. * All kinds of reports are circulated relative to the crop, and returns showing any deficiency are ridiculed and state ments to the contrary put forth, falsehoods of every grade uttered by the most honorable, high , minded men in the United Kingdom, to de ceive holders and small spinners. To carry out their assertions, they sell freely in the Liverpool market, while their agents here are buying all they can without raising prices. On change, these houses resort to every kind of subterfuge to convey the impression that the crop will be much larger than believed. They talk of ad vices received from their most reliable corres pondents that the crop is sure to be 3,300,000 to j 3,100,000 bales. In this way, and by the most i dishonorable, despicable means, they almost in- i variably succeed in breaking down the Liver- j pool market, knowing the effect of a. depreciation j in prices there upon the markets of the United ; •States. This game has been practised this year, and the energies of the three houses j above mentioned ha\ e been exerted to their ut- | most to break down the markets of this conn- i try, so that they could lay in a full supply of the 1 raw material tor spinning and for speculation, j All, has been of no avail. Holders here have j been too well posted up, and in the command I of facilities for carrying cotton, to give these i houses the slightest chance of success; and j those depending upoft future purchases for sup- ; plies for manufacturing purposes, will pay dear ly for their procrastination. It is the impression in England, produced ! principally by the statements of the great specu- j lators, that the crop tiiis year will reach 3,300- j 000 bales at least, and that the yankees are j humbugging them by reporting a crop of only ! 3,000,000 bales. They believe that we have a ! larger supply of cotton than represented, that we ! are holding it back to put up prices, and that it ; is only necessary to keep quiet, to keep out of j the market to force holders here to disgorge. In | alt this they are doomed to dire disappointment, i The obstinacy of holders here astonishes the j great capitalists of Liverpool and the large spin- ■ tiers of Manchester, and well it may, for it is a j feature connected with this trade never before j known, but one that will hereafter bo visible j every year. Capital is increasing so rapidly in ‘ this country, and wc are consuming so much of I our own crop of cotton, that no fears need be 1 entertained hereafter that remunerating prices | for the raw material will not be realized. It will i hereafter be in vain for Great Britain to put large i lots of cotton upon the Liverpool market, for the j purpose of depressing prices, as the Fieldens ■ wore doing at the last accounts, and the result I of recent efforts will teach them not to attempt j the like again. These Cotton lords have bled our planters | long enough, and we have borne their efforts to j depreciate the value of this product patiently j without murmuring. The tables now are turned j and wc shall see if Manchester docs not pay ‘ enough this year to make up for a portion of what they have taken from us in years past, by low prices. The tone of the circular recently re-j eeived from Liverpool from the three great hot}- ! ees, show how annoyed they have been at the j obstinacy of holders in this country, while those j of American houses in Liverpool, such as Wash- i ington, Sons & Cos have been in quite | a different veiu. The English houses having i shown their hand, the thing sticks out too plain- i !y to be misunderstood. There was no neces- ; tity for sneering at “short crops,” as it was well j known pretty early in the season that the yield i would be but moderate, at best. The time has j arrived for us to dictate to the spinners of Man chester what prices must rule, and if they do i not choose to pay what we ask for the little’ cot- j ton wc have, they hav e but one alternative, and that is to shut up their mills, while those in this . country will continue to do what they have been ; doing for some time past—run day and night. J 3Jauliester was, at last accounts, nearly bare \ of stock, and holders of cotton in this country | know it; and if English spinners buy cotton for j the remainder of the season lower than those of i Lowell, we have made a very great mistake in j our calculations. More than seven millions ol j dollars worth of cotton are held in this market, and holders are by no means anxious to sell. They know, just as well as two and two make four, that til- y have the power in their own hands; that the spinners of Manchester are at their mercy; and when the contest comes, they (the spinners) need expect no quarter, for they will get none. With a crop now corning to market, nearly four hundred thousand bales less than anticipated in England, and the pros pects relative to the new crop exceedingly un favorable. holders on this side of tho Atlantic can dictate their own terms. As we remarked at the beginning, the America, now due at Hali fax, with two weeks’ later intelligence from Liverpool, may bring accounts of a further de cline, and she may bring an advance. One is just as likely as the other. Everything depends upon the advices which had been received at Liverpool from this country, previous to the departure of the America. When prices do take a start upward, they will go with a perfect rush. SOUTHERN SENTINEL. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA: j THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 2, 1850. “President Taylor and the Whigs.” Such’ h conjunction ecemn much of a piece with “all the world and the rest of mankind,” and both inav, so far as wc know, have been the inventions of the same genius ; at any rate such is the caption of an appeal made, in the government organ of the 33th to the Whigs of the Union, in behalf of the Presi- I dent’s Territorial policy. If the Whigs of Georgia generally, know what that policy is, they have learn ; ed it elsewhere than in the columns of Southern Whig journals, for, either from mortification or inat tention, this lone star of the administration has been permitted very quietly to glide from the hands of its author. We respectfully ask our Whig eontempora- I rics to tell us what they think of the President’s plan. 1 He recommends that no governments be provided for | the Territories, but that they be left unnoticed until they become sufficiently populated, to entitle them to admission into the Union as States. Are we to un i derstand his friends at the South as endorsing this ; recommendation by their silence ? They helped to | put him in office, and until he is dsavowod. he is supposed to speak their sentiments. Our neighbor of the Enquirer has seconded our disposition to avoid a newspaper controversy, and it is with no intention of violating the truce, that we ask for an expression of his views on this question. Personal controver sies are one thing, and they are generally as disgust ing to the public, as they are profitless to the parties: but a rational discussion of public measures is anoth er thing, and when properly conducted are not only of interest to the public, but involve the discharge of an imperative duty of those who have undertaken the responsibility of guarding the interests of the people, j Surely if there ever has been a question of vital inter- j est to the people of the South, in that class may be reckoned those measures of federal policy growing ■ out of our peculiar institutions. We, therefore, re- \ peat the inquiry, and we direct it particularly to the I Enquirer as more immediately connected with those people with whom wc are identified ; we repeat the inquiry, how stands the Whig party of Georgia on ! the policy recommended by Gen. Taylor ? Does it j embrace the propositions of the administration, or does it disclaim them as calculated to exclude the South from all participation in our Territorial acqui sitions ? Come, speak out neighbor, we want to see you take sides either with the President or with the South. The inquiry is prompted by no considera tions of party. It is time the South should be under stood. The Whig President, from the South, advis es that the Territories should not be provided with governments, and Messrs. Toombs and Stephens, Whig congressmen from there South, deela that in the absence of any legislation by this Government, the laws of Mexico against slavery are still in force. Put the two together, and the South is as effectually barred from all share in the Territories as she would be by the Wilniot Proviso. These are all accredited representatives of the Southern Whig party, and may be fairly presumed to speak the sentiments of their constituency. In the name of the people, we ask for soundings. Wc fear there are breakers ahead. The Committee of Thirteen. The greatest labor of the season, if we may judge by the cost of the achievement, is happily eonsu; -.ma ted. Mr. Foote's resolution is adopted, and the Committee of Thirteen, untrammeled by instructions, is appointed. Moreover, Mr. Benton’s fourteen propositions were voted on, one by one, and he had the magnanimity to spare the Senate any further in- j flietion. The distribution of the Committee is such : as had been proposed, the two great parties and the two sections sharing equally in its composition, and ! leaving to the Chairman, Mr. Clay, the balance be- ! tween them. It is composed of experienced men, of ; the first rank in ability, and beyond suspicion, in re- j gard to character. There seems also in the deport ment of the Senate, a determination to give them full : time and opportunity to accomplish the purpose for ; which they have been set apart, and to throw around them the guardianship of its entire confidence and respect. It would be difficult to conceive of a body of men attempting the solution of a political question, under more favorable circumstances, looking merely to the Senate. But all this may avail nothing. Mr. PiiELre, of ; Yt., one of the in asking somewhat car- ; nesily to be excused from serving on it, gave as a fi- | nal reason, that he did not believe they could agree ; upon any measure ; and Mr. Webster, in opposing his request, expressed much the same opinion. For what he has already done, Mr. Webstsr has brought i upon himself not merely the disapproval, but the de nunciations, of not a few of the most powerful of the j Whig presses of the North ; and the general senti ment of his party in Massachusetts, seems not only : against his course, but seems ready to impeach his ; motives. Judging from his more recent votes, he is . more ready to retreat from his iirst position than to defend it. He sustained Mr. Benton in his move ments, and either did not vote, or voted affirmatively, ! on all his multitudinous propositions of instruction to the Committee. But he has taken scarcely any part in the warm and prolonged debates of the last week, and so has given none of the weight of his miud to the one side or the other. It is a self-negation, that, in connection fvith his rather shifting votes, indicates j a perplexity and indecision thjit destroy all hope of ; his exerting any great influence foe the settlement of ; the question. For that purpose, we are sorry to say we may as well account Mr. Webster a blank. Gen. Cass, on the other hand, has taken avery 7 | plain and direct course in reference to all these pre | liminary arrangements. Believing the Committee might be of use, he has steadily sustained it, and vo j ted against every proposition to delay its appointment, j limit its freedom, or embarrass its deliberations. But it is another question, whether he will assent to such terms of settlement as will satisfy the South. We have no doubt of his sincere desire to settle the question honorably to all, but the difficulty now is, in the practical details, and it will probably show itself thorny at many points as soon as it is touched. Mr. Clay, for his part, goes into the matter full of resolution and courage, and it is not easy to set bounds to his power of surmounting obstacles when he does so. In the early part of the session, he seemed to have too little strength for the labors of his office ; but as he has warmed in the harness, the vigor, ac tivity and endurance of former times seem to have come back, and the old war horse shows that hie heart still swells proudly at the voiee of the trumget, | and his nook is elotbed with thunder for the shook of ; battle. Nothing can prevent Mr. Clay from being | the master-spirit of the Committee ; and if he can de : vise a measure that will stand the test of this prinet -1 pie, that the States are equal, and the right to find 1 in the Federal Government, at all times, and in all | circumstances, an impartial friend, he may look to ! the support of the South as certain, and its gratitude as deep and enduring. But even Mr. Clay may fail ] in devising, and fail in giving effect to what is devis- I ed. The result of the Compromise Committee may . be only to show that the contradictions of the ques ! tion are irreconcilable and the healing of the sore im possible. It will then have simply brought us to the issue, and for that we ought to stand prepared.— Ch. Mercery. Benton and Foote. Much as we deplore the disgraceful scene recent ly enacted in the Senate Chamber, we do not think ! the parties concerned should be indiscriminately cen -1 sured. Speaking of the occurrence, the Savannah ’ Neice, expresses our own views in saying : “We find ! in our Northern exchanges, much comment upon the recent brawl in the Senate, between Messrs. Foote and Benton, and wc are much gratified to observe I that these editors and writers, who, from their prox j irnity to the scene, have the best opportunity of know ing the true state of the ease, very unanimously cx lionerate Mr. Foote from biame. All, Whig and Democrat, agree in reprobating the occurrence which has brought disgrace trpon that once dignified body, the American Senate ; but with an impartiality hon orable to the press, the blame is laid where it right fully belongs, upon the shoulders of that compound of arrogance and egotism, Thomas llart Benton. It is well known at Washington, that Benton, with his characteristic arrogance, had threatened Mr. Foote, if he ever alluded to him personally in debate, and yet on the day on which the difficulty oc curred, he had placed himself in an attitude in which it was next to impossible for the latter gentleman to i avoid replying to him. Mr. Foote had the alterna tive of either permitting the Missouri Bison, as Ben j ton has been appropriately called, to ride rough-shod ■ over him and his cherished measure of reconciliation, ■ then before the Senate, or incur the risk of his threat- I ened vengeance by vindicating his measure as be | came an independent Senator. A gentleman of spir it, he chose the latter course, and as he had a right jto do, prepared hitnself for the consequences. The : result is before the country, and we think we hazard i nothing in saying that he will be sustained by all hon i orablo men. Mr. F. is a small man, enfeebled by ill j health, while Benton is robust and powerful. The j scene that has taken place is to be deplored ; but we doubt if it will be more hurtful in its influence upon ; the legislation of the country, than the triumph of a bully would have been, had Benton succeeded in j brow-beating and awing Mr. Foote from the exer ! eise of his rights as a Senator. This is the second time that Benton has found his match. His first memorable exploit, was in the chamber of a hotel in Nashville—his last was in the Senate chamber. On the first occasion, he encoun tered a Jackson, on the last a Foote. In both iu i stances he came off like Joe Bowers’s bully—second ! best. We trust the lesson he has just received, may | prove as salutary as did the first. It will be remem ! bored that he became remarkably docile after his af i fair with Gen. Jackson, whose subservient supporter i and defender, he afterwards became. He may yet have the honor of atoning for his attempted outrage : upon Gen. Foote, by a similar sycophantic servi ! tude.” Obsequies of Mr. Calhoun. Wc fmd in the Charleston Mercury a most interest ; ing account of the ceremonies attending the recep ! tion of Mr. Calhoun’s remains in Charleston. We I claim the proud privilege of mingling our tears with ! those, which his own more immediate fellow citizens ; have wept over the bier of the immortal Carolinian, , tile greatest Statesman that ever blessed his country : with his counsels. If ever man-worship was pardon j able, surely the friends of Mr. Calhoun may be indulg !ed in their devotion to his memory. But wc detain i our readers from the Mercury’s description. Early j on the morning of Thursday the 33th, inst. the streets j alohg which the procession was to pass, were crowd ed with human beings, anxiously but orderly throng ing, to honor the last remains of their great fellow citizen. The Mercury says: The arrival of the steamer Nina, bearing the pre cious remains of our beloved Statesman, was a beauti ! ful and touching commencement of the solemnities, i The Nina had been specially and most appropriately ; fitted up for this mission, and brought from Wilming ’ ton the remains, with the several Committees that ac companied them. On her arrival at the bar, the Metamora and the Pilot went out to meet her. The ! mail steamer Gov. Dudley, the Revenue Cutter also I joined her; and the whole, with slow and measured j movement, their colors at half-mast, and the Cutter firing minute guns, passed up dearly the entire length j of the city, to the landing place at Smith’s wharf.— | The Committee of the Senate, having in charge the ; remains of Mr. Calhoun, were Messrs. Mason of Va. Berrien of Ga. Davis of Miss. Dickinson of N. 1 Y. Clarke ofR. I. and Dodce of lowa. With them j by invitation, were Messrs. Venable of N. C. and | Holmes of S. C. | At the landing place the Special Guard of Honor 1 took charge of the remains, and bearing them up from : the boat placed them in the funeral car provided for | the ceremonial. A detachment of the military, con j sistingof the Marion Artillery, the German Fusiliers and Washington Light Infantry, all under command [ of Capt. Man igault, formed the escort of the funeral train to the Citadel Square. Bcwteen 12 and 1 o’clock the cortege reached the ’ Citadel Square. Here the various parts of the pro ; cession had assembled and were appropriately arrang jed occupying, with intervals, the entire square; | while an immense throng of spectators filled all the | surrounding streets, and every point from which a ! view of the ceremonies oould be obtained, j Mr. Alderman. Banks, the Chairman of the Sub j Committee of Reception, having introduced the Com mittee of the Senate of the United States to Gov. i Seabrook, Mr. Mason, on behalf of the Committee, addressed bus Excellency as follows : Governor Seabrook: The Senate of the United States, by its order, has deputed a Com ! mittee of six Senators to bring back the remains of their late colleague, your illustrious statesman, John Caldwell Calhoun, to his native State. lie fell in the fullness of his fame, without ! stain or blot, without fear, and without reproach, a martyr to the great and holy cause to which his life had been devoted —the safety and equal ! ity of the Southern States in their federal alii- j i J ! ance. It is no disparagement to your State or her : people, to say their loss is irreparable—for Cal houn was a man of a century. But to the entire : South the absence of his counsels can scarcely i be supplied. With a judgment stern, will decided and purpose indomitable, there was united a po i litical and moral purity, that threw around him an atmosphere which nothing unholy could i breathe, and yet live. But Sir, lam not here to ! eulogise your honored dead. That has been al i ready done in the . Senate-house, with a memo ry of his recent triumphs there clustering around us, and by those far abler than I. It is our mel ancholy office only, which I here perform, on be half of the committee of the Senate, to surrender all that remains of him on earth, to the State of South Carolina; and having done this, our mis sion is ended; we shall return to our duties in the Senate; and those performed, to our sepa rate and distant homes; bearing with us the treasured memory of his exalted worth, and the , great example ofhis devoted and patriotic life, i Gov. Seabrook received the remains, with a few eloquent remarks in the course of which he alluded to the kind attentions of Mr. Venable during the last ! hours of Mr. Calhoun’s illness -, to which Mr. Vcna , ble made the following reply : The manner in which your Excellency has | j been pleased to refer to the attention which I ‘ was enabled to bestow on our illustrious friend, j | has deeplv affected my heart. It is but a repeat- : ! ed expression of the feelings of the people of 1 Charleston, on the same subject, contained in a ; Resolution which has reached me, and tor which manifestation of kindness, I now return to you, ‘ j and to them, my most sincere, most heartfelt | | thanks. Nothing has so fully convinced me of the extended popularity, I should rather say feel ing of veneration, towards the Statesman w’hose ; i death has called us together to-day, as the high 1 estimate which you and your people have placed upon the services of an humble friend. Sir, the [ impulses of humanity would have demanded j nothing less ; and that man is more than reward- j ed, when permitted.to soothe the pain, or alle- j viate the sufferings, of philosopher, sage, patriot, j and statesman, so exalted above hi3 coternpora- j ries, that were we not admonished by his sub- j jection to the invasion of disease and death, we ! might well doubt whether he did not belong to a j superior race. To be even casually associated ‘ | with his memory, in the gratitude of a State, is ; more than a reward for any services which 1 | could render to him. Sir, as his life was a chron i icle of instructive events, so his death but fur* | nished a commentary on that life. It is said of Hampden, when in the agonies of death, render ed more painful by the nature ofhis wound, ex claimed, “O, God of my fathers, save, save my country”—thus breathing the desire of his soul on earth into the vestibule of the Court of Heav en. So our illustrious friend, but a few hours before his departure, employed the last effort in which he was enabled to utter more than a sin gle sentence, saying: “Isl had my health and strength to devote one hour to my country in the Senate, I could do more than in my whole life.” He is gone! and when, in my passage here, I saw the manifestations of deep feeling, of heartfelt veneration, in Virginia and my own Carolina, 1 felt as one making a pilgrimage to the tomb of his fathers, whose sad heart was cheered by ! spontaneous testimonials to the merits of the one jhe loved and honored. But when, with this morning’s dawn, I approached your harbor, and ! saw the city in the peaceful rest of a Sabbath, j heard not the stroke of the hammer, or the hum 1 of voices engaged in the business of life; when, ! from the deck of the steamer, in the midst of | your harbor, I could descry the habiliments of i mourning which consecrated your houses—the ; stillness, the solemn stillness, spoke a language which went to my heart. But when, added to this, I behold this vast multitude of mourners, I exclaim: A people’s tears water the dust of one who loved and served them. No military fame was his; he never set a squadron in’ the field. The death of the civilian arid patriot, who loved his country and his whole country, gave rise to this great demonstration of sorrow and regard. Permit me again to assure your Excellency, and the people of Charleston, and of South Carolina, that I shall ever cherish, as one of the dearest re collections of my life, the expressions of kind ness which have been made to me as the friend and the companion in the sick chamber of John C. Calhoun. His society and his friendship were more than a compensation for any atten tions which any man could bestow. Such were his gifts, that whether in sickness or in health, no man retired from a conversation with him wh# was not greatly his debtor. By the courtesies of this day, hnd the association of my name with his, I am both his debtor and yours, the sincere acknowledgement of which I tender to your Ex cellency, requesting that it may be received by you, both for yourself and the people whose sov ereignty you represent. The procession began to move from the Green at one o'clock, the military in advance, then the hearse, followed by a long train of carriages, conveying the Family of the deceased, the Senate Committee, the Governor and suite, the Committee of Twenty-five, and the several Committees from Wilmington and the interior of this St3te. Next followed the proces sion on foot—the Fire Companies, the Freemasons, Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, and other Socie ties, arranged as in the programme, a long cavalcade of citizens forming the rear. The procession first moved into King st. and down that street to Hasell, thence to Meeting st. and down Meeting to South Bay, thence to East Bay and up East Bay to Broad st. and thence to the City Hall, the end of the move ment. Its entire length was nearly a mile and a half, j The military formed on the South side of Broad st. j the h :arse rested before the entrance of -the City | Hall, rnd between them passed successively the@cv- j eral divisions of the procession. This scene of the j movement was perhaps the mori bea> t i.1.• nd iinprcs- j sive of the whole. The vast crowd, the perfect order | and harmony that reigned through it, the public i buildings wrapped in mourning, the hearse motionless before the temporary resting place of the dead, the impress of the whole solemn pageant which was here concluded, each added its own force to complete the effect. The Body was here taken from the hearse, con veyed into the City Hall, and deposited in the Cata falque constructed for the occasion, where it lay in state in charge of the Special Committee of two hun- | drod, until 9 o’clock, yesterday mornind. The doers of the Hall were opened soon after tae j coffin was deposited in its place ; and from that time i until near midnight, and again from early light yes- ; terdav stream of citizens passed in, moved up the I steps of the catafalque, gazed an instant at the narrow j chamber that held the ashes of the illustrious dead, ; and then passed out. In all fhis time, the solemn ! stillness of the room was unbroken. Men spoke in ! whispers, and even the movement of the crowd was : a noiseless flow, as of a shadowy pageant. .At 10 o’clock yesterday morning, the preparations ! for the funeral service commenced. The Body was J delivered into the hands of the Guard of Honor, and i borne forth by them from the Hall. In the rear of | them was formed the procession of the mourners, the | Senate Committee, the State and City Authorities, the j several Committees and the Citizens, which moved j through Broad and Church streets, to St. Philip’s Church. The interior of this beautiful temple had been draped in mourning for the occasion, and the aspect of the scene was in harmony with feelings of the audience who thronged the place. The funeral services were performed by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Gadsden, who was a College Classmate of Mr. Cal houn, and showed token that the memory of old com panionship added tenderness to the solemnity of the services for the dead. The Funeral Discourse was delivered by the Rev. Prof. Miles, from the text, Proverbs x, 7 : “The Mem ory of the just is Blessed.” Wc cannot here speak of this discourse as it deserves. The author present ed first the character of the pure and perfect states man—his qualities, his objects, ;.nd his life. Then he tested, by his ideal standard, the character and ca reer of Calhoun, of which he furnished an analysis that was at once profound, clear, and complete. Every part of the service was performed with af fecting solemnity, and never on any occasion have we been more impressed with the beoutiful appropriate ness of this service for the dead. From the Church the body was conveyed to the burial ground, and deposited in the vault prepared for its reception : “Such honors Ilium to her Hero paid, And peaceful rests the mighty Hector’s shade.” Extensive Fire in Savannah.— A very destruc tive conflagration occurred in Savannah on Thursday last. The Georgian says: “The whole bloek of buildings between Jefferson and Montgomery streets, was totally destroyed, with the exception of two brick houses on the S. E. corner of Montgomery and Broughton streets. Several buildings on the east side of Jefferson street were also demolished and ev ery building on the north side of Congress between Jefferson and Montgomery streets. On the whole, it was the most destructive fire that it has been our painful duty to notice for several years, and will be felt more severely as the property destroyed belonged principally to that class of our citizens who are the most industrious and deserving of success, yet the least able to contend against such a calamity.” The total loss is estimated at about $55,000, of which $25,000 was insured. There is no doubt that it was the work of an incendiary. New Music.— We are indebted to Pnor. Chas. RErs, for the following pieces of new music. “ The Elbert Waltzes'’ composed by Chas. Reps. uMus eogee Indies’ Polka'’ composed and arranged by 1 Francis Rziha, and dedicated to the ladies of Co- ‘ lumbus. “Dearest Mae Polka,” by Francis Rziiia. “Columbus Guards’ Quick Step,” composed by H. Bernreuter, and dedicated to Capt. John Forsyth, and arranged for the Piano by Charles Reps. Jenny Lind is expected to arrive in this counfry early in September next. Hon. M. J. Wellborn- We regret to learn from the following com munication which appeared in the last Times, that this gentleman declines a ‘renommatkm for the post which he now fills so honorably to him self, and so satisfactorily to his constituents. We ihvor a proper rotation in office, but when the places of public trust have been filled with com petent men, who deservedly enjoy the confi dence of the people, we ane disinclined so . fre quently to incur the risk of change. Judge Wel born’s distinguished ability, as well as his un questioned integrity, eminently qualify him for the position in which his fellow-citizens have asked him to serve them, and we regret the ne cessity which he thinks, urges him to the decis ion he has made, to retire. We think, more over, that his attention has been invited to this subject prematurely. The election is nearly eighteen months off yet, and many unforeseen circumstances may transpire before that time, which would influence Judge Wellborn’s pre ferences in the matter. We hope that in the choice of a successor, the district may be as for tunate in the selection of a representative as true and as able as the present incumbent. Washington, April 15, 1850. To the Editor of the ‘Times: A friend and voter in our district has called my attention by letter, to the subject of a re-nom ination for Congress, at the approaching elec tion. Will you have the goodness to give me a place in your columns, to say that, grateful as I feel for the popular confidence with which I have been, on a past occasion, honored in this connexion, I cannot think of incurring the sac rifices and inconveniences that would attend a second term here. Most respectfully yours, &c. M. J. WELLBORN. The Senate of Pennsylvania, by a vote of 18 to 15, have refused to concur in the House bill divorcing Edwin Forest from his wife. The case will go back to the courts of New York, where the parties reside. From what we know of the case, we agree with the New York Express, that both parties have done that which ought | to withdraw from them, private sympathy and j public respect. The Absconding Cashier of the C. R. R. i Bank. —The Savannah Republican learns by | advices received from Mr. Sheriff Pendegrast, i now in England, that the Schooner Abel, on which it is supposed Bulloch escaped, had not arrived at her port of destination when the last steamer sailed. Save us from our Friends. —A subscriber came into our office this morning and ordered his paper to be discontinued, because, he sai 1, he never had a chance to read it. The Carrier no sooner.left it at. his door than his neighbors cabbaged it, and when it returned, it was gen erally read to pieces We are flattered, gentle men, at your anxiety to read our columns, but we prefer to remain unread than to lose the names of paying subscribers. One year’s sub scription will not ruin you, but one year's read ing without subscribing, will soon ruin us. The Cotton Market, Present and Prospective. There are so many and so various causes af fecting the price of the great southern staple, that its fluctuations can not certainly be predict ed from the ordinary laws of trade. In this, as in every other article of commerce, the controll ing element in the price is the ratio of the sup ply to the demand, but in the cotton trade more than any other, the operation of this principle is subject to the modification of other causes. Os these, the principal are, the abundance or scarci ty of provisions, the political quiet or disturban ces of the great commercial powers of the globe, and the condition of their monetary affairs.— There are various other influences which may graduate, but none that can control, the opera tion of these causes. Viewed with reference to these elements of its price, there can be but one opinion as to the prospects of the Cotton Market. On this side the Atlantic there is no conflict in the estimates of the crop. There is not a respon sible broker in any of the cotton marts of the country who will risk a higher figure than 2000,- 000 bales, and the general estimate does not ex ceed-1900.000 bales. The demand will to a con siderable extent be abated by the price, but to meet the aclual wants of the Manufacturers, a crop of 2700,000 is required. The actual con sumption in England alone during the year 1849 was 1,600,000 bales. The high price may, and probably will, reduce the demand this year to 1.400,000. The consumption by American spin ners will, in spite ofhigh prices, reach to 550,000 In all other countries the demand will not fall short of 700,000 bales. To meet this, we may count on an American crop of, say 1,900,000 bales, and the crop from the East Indies and all other countries can not exceed 450,000 bales, making a total supj>ly of 2,350,000,- a gainst an actual and almost imperative demand of 2,650,000. So far then as our estimates of the price of cottdn are predicated of this great para mount law of trade, the inevitable tendency is to still higher rates. As to the provision crops of Europe and America, the prospects at this sea son of the year were never more promising.— The finances of England are in a most healthy condition; money is abundant. The only remain ing consideration, and that from which most is to be apprehended, is the political sialus of the European powers. There, change is the order of the day. A clear sky and an unclouded hor ison is no sure indication that a storm will not rage to-morrow. So far, however, as peace and quiet are to be argued from present indications, we need not seriously apprehend disturbances. There is no reason , therefore, for fearing an abatement of present prices; on the contrary, so far as we can rely upon the certainty of any result, from an estimate of well ascertained cau ses, we may look for still further advances. We refer our readers for more satisfactory data, to the article in another column from the New York Herald. In a Hurry.— The Cassville Standard of the 25th ult. nominates Hon. Lewis Cass for President and Hon. Howell Cobb for Vice President in 1852. Col. Benton has instituted criminal proceedings against Gen. Foote for drawing a pistol on him in the Senate Chamber. A Candidate for the Presidency.— The Wash ington correspondent of the Pennsylvanian says that it hears that Col. Benton has expressed his deter mination to run as a “stump candidate” for the Pre sidency in 1852; and adds, that “as strange as this determination may appear, I nevertheless believe it to be strictly yue.’ I have seen stumps for constableships, (says he,) and indeed for all offices in the gift of the people, up to that of member of Con gress; but to hear a gentleman modestly recom mending himself for the Presidency, will be richer than cream. However, it will take one so usually self-satisfied as the Colonel, to do this, A New Line of Atlantic Steamers. —The New York Herald gives an account of the trial trip of a new steamship called the “Atlantic” which has just been completed, aud is the first of anew line, to be constructed by E. K. Collins, of that city. It is in tended for the Now York and Liverpool trade, and is i described as the most magnificent steamer which has i ever been built, and in point of speed is’ unrivalled. 1 The 5 ankees are a great people. In availability of genius, their equals have never lived on the globe ; an if we are to judge the future by the miracles of the past, it looks like folly to undertake to prescribe j limits thelr * nvent ions and discoveries. If ever the I Atlantic 18 B P anned b >’ th magnetic wires, it will be j the work of a Yankee; if ever its broad expanse is j navigated in half the time now required, to a Yankee | will belong the honor of having accomplished it. 1 [correspondence of the “SOUTHERN sentinel.” New Orleans, April 27, 1850. Dear Sentinel —Our city at present is ex | tremely dull—not a single item of news that | would be at all interesting to your readers, and consequently this letter will be “stale, flat, and unprofitable.” Our city elections came off on the 24th inst. The former Mayor, A. D. Crossman, was re-elected by a handsome majority 7 over his Democratic opponent, S. C. Bell—and much to the regret of all good and true whigs, that sterling man, Joshua Baldwin, was de feated by r J. 11. Caldwell, for Recorder of the 2d Municipality, by a majority. Charles S. Reese, Esq., a promising young lawyer, and who formerly resided in Crawford, Ala., near your city, was elected 2d District At torney by a handsome majority. Considerable excitement prevails through the city in relation to the supposed demon stration which is expected to he made on the Island of Cuba. Gen. Lopez, the leader of the affair, is in this city, and is at present a guest of one of the editors of the “Delta.” He is perfectly sanguine of success, and says ! that immediately on a landing being effected thousands upon thousands of the Creoles of the Island will flock to his standard. The hatred of the old Spaniards to a native horn Cubano is more intense and hitter than to wards any other people in the world, and if an open rupture does not take place, you may look out for hard knocks on both sides. The Spaniards will resist to the death before they will suffer the “Queen of the Antilles,” the brightest jewel in the Crown of Spain, to be wrested from them; and if the Liberators ex pect child’s play, and that they will occupy the island quietly and without a struggle, they will he most egregiously deceived. When the writer of this was in Cuba some years ago, the standing army of the island was estimated to he about 27,000 men, near ly all of whom were natives of the mother country, and commanded by brave and expe rienced officers, who had seen hard service in Europe in the Peninsula war. The Spanish troops are well known to be the most loyal soldiers to their government in Europe, and the idea that no men can make good soldiers except the Anglo Saxons, is an exploded one, for during the late war with Mexico, the only fault with the Mexican troops, was, that they were badly officered—no one thought for a moment that their file of the army were other than men of courage. A considerable number of young men from | your city arrived here this morning, and will take passage on. the Fajcon for Chagres, which leaves on Monday, the 29th inst. They are all in fine health and spirits, and are sanguine that a fortune awaits each of them 1 in the New El Dorado of California. Hie U. S. fashion, Capt. Baker, arrived here yesterday morning from Tampa Bay. Gen. Twiggs had not, up to .the moment of her departure, effected anything like a treaty with the Indians—they are determined not to emigrate to the West, and if force is to he us ed with them, they will most certainly resist —a little gentle force ala Harney will he the most effectual way of getting rid of them. T rade, generally, has not been very ac tive during the last week. Since the receipt of news by the last steamer from Liverpool, cotton lias advanced fully l-4c. in this mar ket, and the inquiry for the article and anxie ty 7 to fill the foreign orders which have been on hand some time, will, it is generally con ceded, have a tendency to advance the mar ! ket still more. I quote at present, Middling I 11 5-8 a 12c.; Good Middling 12 1-8 a 12 ! l-4e. Not a great deal has changed hands j during the week, owing mainly because pur ! chasers do not like to submit to the advance, and factors are stubborn in holding on and insisting upon the advance. Bagging 13 l-2c. Rope (5 1-2 a 7 l-4c. according to quality.— Choice Sugars 4 3-4 a sc. Clarified and Refined 5 1-4 a 6 l-4c. per lb. Whiskey -20 1-2 a2l l-2c. Molasses 21 a23 l-2e. Au revoir, KOSMOS. From the Baltimore Patriot, April 20. Further Accounts by the America. The America’s dates are from Liverpool to the 6th, London to the sth, and Paris to the 4th instant. ENGLAND. Since the sailing of the previous steamer Par liament has done little more than vote the sup plies and transact other business of a local and uninteresting character. miring the Easter recess, Lord John Russell passed some time at Manchester. In addition to the Lord Lieutenancy of Ire land, it is stated that the Government have it in contemplation to abolish the Irish Courts of Law, and transfer the whole machinery for governing to London. Both measures are violently op posed by the Irish press. The new Catholic Primate of Ireland, Dr. Cul len, has issued f irst pastoral, which eman ates from Rome, and is free from all allusion to politics. Agricultural operations, both in England and Ireland are being carried on this year on a most extensive scale. The Protestantists still continue to hold meet ings, in the apparently vain hope of reimposing a tax upon the importations of articles now free. Mr. DTsraeli, the leader of the party, is still severely indisposed. 1 he repeal agitation has been partially renew ed in Ireland, under the auspices of John O’Con nel but there was a lack of its former spirit. The trade in the wollen districts has sensibly I improved of late. Advicea to the last of November have been re- ! ceived from Hobartstown, Van Dieman’s Land, i announcing Ihe arrival of Smith O’Brien and 1 his associates in the Irish rebellion of 1849. The j felons were granted tickets to leave on condition of their engaging that their liberty should not be used as a means to etfect their escape. All, with the exception of O’Brien, accepted the boon.— He has been sent under surveillance to Maria Island. Advices from Turkey state that preparations were making for the removal of Kossuth and other Hungarian prisoners to Kalucha, in Asia Minor, where they are to be confined for five * ’ a \ recent number of the Roman Observer sa y S • “The return of the Pope is definitely fix ed for the 6th instant, giving general satisfac tion.” , _ . The Paris correspondent ol the London Stan dard, of a late date, says“ The Goverumet is said to have received despatches from Germany, which lead to the belief that a collision between Austria and Prussia is almost unavoidable. Language of both parties partake more of the hostile.” Advices from Athens to the 19th March fur nish only the confirmation of previous reports. Eleven of the captured vessels have been given up by Sir Wm. Parker. ‘ • FRANCE. At Paris, althoug increased excitement and greater bitterness between conflicting parties, the only marked events during the past fortnight have been first the revolt of one of the regiments which the government has not succeeded in quelling. Second a popular demonstration, in a small way, against Louis Napoleon, as he passed through the streets. Perhaps the most signifi cant events in the Legislative Assembly, was a ’ proposition by M. de la Rochjayulin 6eing a friend of the President, to the effect that on the Ist Sunday in June, the nation should be called up on to pronounce definitely of the formation of a government, which it should chose to select, and I that every elector should be called upon to in | serbe on his ballot “Monarchy.” or “Republique ? | That if a Republic should acquire a majority, it | should be pronounced in the Chamber of the | President of the Republic ; and if Monarchy ob ! tains a majority, it should be pronounced by the. j President of the Assembly, j This remarkable proposition was received in | silence by the majority, and by derisive sneers from the mountain. The proposition was not put to test, in consequence of not having been | seconded, and the previous question immediate ly voted unanimously. The members of the mountain received the announcement with cries of “Vivela Republique!” It is said that the President of the Republic so deeply in debt that nothing but the possession of the Imperial crown can extricate him, and he is at present engaged in negotiating with Russia for the purpose of possessing himself of tiiat, to him, now necessary protection. The govern ment is perseveringly employed in introducing their measures of coercion, in which the majority of . the assembly support them. PRUSSIA. A serious rupture has occurred between the the governments of Prussia and Wurternburg, in consequence of the tone assumed by the King of the latter country, in opening the Cham bers. The government of Prussia has address ed a note t® that of Wurternburg, conceived in very strong terms, expressing the astonishment oftiie King’s government at the speech; re grets with most profound indignation, the sus picions and accusations it contains, and declares its duty to reply thereto, or to discontinue di plomatic relations with Wurternburg. GERMANY. Berlin, it is said, Is to be surrounded with for tified barracks, which have already been com menced near one of the gates of lhe city. The German parliament assembled at Erfurt, on the 20th of March. Advices are received to the 20th of March, at which time little had been done beyond organ izing the Assembly. It is said that negotiations have been opened I by the central power of Germany with the Uni : ted States for the purchase of American ves- I selsof war, completely equipped for service. SPAIN. The report from Madrid of a speedy recon | ciliation between the English and Spanish gov ; ernments is confirmed. TUSCANY. The Fuscan government has refused to ac j cede to Lord Palmerston's demand of iudemni j ty for losses sustained by their subjects at Lecr i horn lost year. The difficulty has been submit ; t-d to the arbitreti nos the S;.rdii;ian g ve.n j meat. I ‘ DIA. i Another mail has arrived from India, bringing I dates from Bombay to the 22d of March, and ‘ from Calcutta to the 20th of February. There j are evidences of growing uneasiness on the | part of the people, and several rather serious j demonstrations have been made against the British as an inevitable consequence. More val ; liable territory has been annexed to the East j India Company’s possessions. Trade at Bom bay is unsatisfactory, except- produce, which was scarce, and money market stringent. At Calcutta affairs present a more encouraging aspect THE MARKETS- Liverpool, April s.—Throughout the week i succeeding the departure of, the last steamer | our market continued im a- dull and inactive ! state, with prices rather, in favor of buyers. ; This was succeeded by a better demand, with | more steadiness in prices.. ; On the day preceding the arrival cftheCan ’ ada, in the anticipation that the advices by her ! would show a further large decrease in the re , ceipts at the ports, which being confirmed, an 1 active speculative inquiry sprung up. On the second week buyers having mnnifest ! ed no dispositton to purchase fieyond their irn j mediate wants, and the trails in Manchester ! continying dull, all activity has ceased, the mar. 1 ket closing quietly, wit a strong desire on the ! part of holdere to realize.. Fair Orleans are ! quoted at 7 1-8, Fair Mobile, 6 3-4, Fair Upland ’ 6 7-8, and middling qualities 6 3-8-a 6 1-2 and. per | lb. The sales for the week ending on the 28th I ult. were 22.420 bales, of which speculators I t00k9,620 and exporters 1i,890. bales. Those for the week ending this evening are ; estimated at 42,880 bales, of which speculators i have taken 14,600 aad’ speculators 3,690. The American descriptions sold, consist of I 17,350 bales of Upland, at 5 1-2 a 7 1-2, New Orleans, at 5 1-8 a 8, 4,249 Mobile and Alabama; ! at 5 3-4 a 7, and 270 Sea Island at 10 a 16d per lb. The total stock of Cotton in the port ie ca.Hl ed 405,000 bales, of which 5*92,000’ are Ameri can, against a stock this period of last year of j 140,000, of which 290,000 were American. ! Dr. Webster.—The Boston Transcript, j speaking of tho anonymous epistles to the State ;yid City authorities from various sec tions of the country, relative to Dr, Webster’s trial, says: “Persons at a distance can have but little idea of the unanimity of sentiment here, or of the loyalty of our population to their con stituted rulers, to think that all the methods they adopt to turn the current of popular feel ing, or to prevent the execution of our laws, will have the slightest effect upon those who are the sworn ministers of justice, in the State of Massachusetts.” Georgia Bituminous Coal.— Wc are in formed that au inexhaustible bed of Bitumi nous Coal exists in Walker county, just be yond the Tunnel and very near the Railroad. It is the property of a Mr, Cravens, who de signs working it in connection with a com pany at Chattanooga, and we learn that on the completion of the Tunnel, we may expect large supplies of the article in this market. We are told that Coal will probably be laid down by this company in Augusta, and sup plied to purchasers at $5,50 to $6 per ton. This is but little more than halfits present cost in this city. One result that we may antici. pate from this enterprise, is the general intro, duction of grates and the use of coal in fami lies in this city, as at the above price coal will be less than half the cost of firewood In a more enlarged view of the ease this business will add greatly to the wealth of tho State, There will be a very general and extern si\ e demand for coal for various purposes, in creasing from, year to year—and the amount of freight it will contribute to the several Railroads of the State, will add materially to their respective resources.— Augusta stituiionalist .