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SOUTHERN SENTINEL, COLUMBUS, - GEORGIA: THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 16,1850. j The “Compromise.” •The committee of Senators to whom had been re ferred the various subjects connected with the Cali foruia question, on Monday last, made a report through their chairman, Mr. Ciav. We have not space for the entire report, but give its substance in the following brief summary : ‘l. The admission of any new State or State? formed cut of Texas to be postponed until thev shall hereafter present themselves to be received into the Union, when i it will be the duty of Congress fairly and faithfully to | execute the the compact with Texas by the admitting j such new State or States. ... 1 “‘2. The admis-ion forthwith of California into the Union with the boundaries which she has proposed. “3. The establishment of Territorial Governments | without the Wilrnot Proviso for New Mexico and Utah embracing all the territory recently acquired by the Uni- , ted States, from Mexico not contained in the bounda ries of California. 1 “4. The combination of tiie.e two last mentioned measures in the same bill. j “5. The establishment of the Western and Northern j boundary of Texas, and the exclusion from her juris- I (fiction of all New Mexico, with the grant to Texas of a pecuniary equivalent; and the section for that purpose to be incorporated in the bill admitting California and | < -tablishing Territorial Governments for Utah and new Mexico. i “6. More effectual enactments of law t 6 secure the prompt delivery of persons bound to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, who escape into another State. “And, 7. Abstaining from abolishing slavery ; but, under heavy penalty, prohibiting the slave trade in the District of Columbia.” These seven propositions contain the result of the j labors, of thirteen United States Senators, selected for | this work, for their eminent ability and patriotism. They have been heralded to the world, and the peo- ; pie, not less than the Senators and Representatives in Congress, are to pass upon their merits. We propose to Consider as briefly as possible each * one of those propositions. Before doing so however, we desire to ask what are the ends proposed to be ac complished by the report of this committee ? The ; answer is ready upon the lips of every one who has j looked, as we profess to have done, with any hope, to the result of its deliberations. Its object, as we j understood it, was to settle the differences between j the North and South in a manner that would neither infringe the honor or the constitutional rights of j either section. There are sonic men who seem to j regard Congress vested with Omnipotence for the ! preservation of the Union. We are willing to see the ; general government go to the utmost verge of its power, for the sake of the Union, but we are not j willing to sacrifice one jot or title of our constitutional rights even to save the Union. With this much by j way of premise, we proceed to consider the defa Is of this “settlement.” We have no objection to the first proposition. It 1 will be time enough to subdivide Texas, when she . asks for it, and when she does ask it, there is no ques tion of the obligation vm the part of the general gov- I eminent to comply. ! The second which proposes to admit “< ‘alifornia into : the Union with the boundaries she hits proposed,” , we most cordially oppose. There is no use to speak equivocally; in defining our position we shall ; use plain language and we wish to be judged , solely by the import of our words. \\ e would resist , the admission of California even to dissolution. Rath- i er than she should come in on her pending appli- I cation, we would prefer to see her set up an inde- t pendent government ; rather than admit her with her present constitution, we would see this govern ment severed into thirty separate sovereignties. Wo believe that the South has been overslaughed by a despicable attempt to shirk responsibility •, we be- ■ lievc she lias been shamefully swindled of her rights in that territory by an unauthorized caucus of lawless squatters, and we believe that this wanton outrage ; upon our rights caunot be palliated in the slightest, by a merciful recognition of our rights in other re spects. If it is wrong to admit California, it is not made right by coupling her admission with other measures. By what principle of constitutional law j can wc justify her admission in connexion with oth er bills, w hich would not, pari passu justify it as a separate measure ? The third proposition embraces the principle for ; which we*have always contended, and upon which alone can we ever consent to see this matter settled ; wo mean the principle of strict non intervention. Whether the Territories proposed are such as would best meet the wants of the people and subserve the interests of the States, we are not prepared to say, ; #ud cannot, consequently, either approve or dis approve the third proposition. But wo desire to see territorial governments provided for al! our Pa cino possessions, California with the rest. In considering the two last mentioned propositions, we have embraced the fourth. Wo cannot further prosecute this inquiry to-day, but must defer the ; consideration of the other provisions to another time. We have already seen enough howevcf to satisfy us in our opposition to the Committee’s plan. It is a cheat dignified with the name of compromise , and we shall measure the fidelity of gentlemen in Con gress, to the interests of the South, by the position which they occupy on this question. , Suoddn Deatu of Mrs. Dr. Pierce.—A gloom lias been east over our community by the sudden death, on Tuesday morning, the 14th inst., of the tru ly*cstimablc lady of the Rev. Dr. Loviek Pierce. Mrs. Fierce was in the enjoyment of her accustomed health on the morning of her decease, and five min utes before breathing her last, was engaged in her ordinary household duties. It is thought she died of an affection of the heart. Thus has one of the most beloved members of our community suddenly, and without the slightest premonition of danger, been hur ried to the grave. A airele of friends, as extensive as her acquaintance, is bereft of one of its brightest or naments. Wc speak not of the loss of those who knew her best and loved her most. Within the sa cred pale of their grief, we dare not enter, save with the heart’s own silent sj uipatliy. Her revered hus band is at present in attendance upon the General Conference of his church, in session at St. Louis, Mo. That God whom he has served for half a century, can alone sustain, him in his heart-rending affliction. The Growing Cotton Crop. W c ean not of eourse, at this early day, speculate with much certainty upon the size of the growing crop, yet it is even now apparent beyond a doubt, that the most extraordinarily propitious seasons, ean not possibly produce more than an ordinary erop; the reasonable calculation ie, that it must be short. In this section, we do not recollect ever to have heard the planters complain so heavily of the difficulty in getting r, stand. In many instances the cold rains which have succeeded the planting, have caused the seed to rot in the the ground, and in others, where the plants have come up, they have been killed by the unusually cola weather. The injury to the crop, re sulting from these causes, will more than counterbal ance any increase that planters may have made, in the number of acres in cultivation. In the heavy cotton growing regi ‘ns of the west, the injuries to the crops have been unprecedentedly disastrous. Wc learu from the N. Orleans papers, that the flood in the Mississippi and its tributaries, is greater than any since IS2S. The Ohio, the Cum berland, the Tennessee, the Missouri, the Arkansas and the Red have all done immense injury to the crops on their bottoms, and the smaller streams of Mississippi and Alabama have also been overflown, to tho great damage of the plantations on their banks. — At Vieksburgh, the Mississippi is said to have been 50 miles wide ! From every section of the cotton growing region the prospect is represented as gloomy in the extreme. In N. Orleans the damage to the cotton crop is estimated at from 200 to 300 thousand bales. lion.. Hu.. A. Haralson Has our thanks for a valuable public Docu ment. The Southern Convention. As the day approaches when this body is to assem ble, we are inspired with additional hope of its ability to do good. If for no other purpose, we shall be pleased to see this convention in session, that its delib erations may condemn the slanders of those who have misrepresented its objects. When men of unques tioned patriotism, men whose voices have never been heard, save in defence of their country's good, when such men as these, shall take their seats in the coun cils of the South, who shall dare to question the reali ty of the crisis, or the purity of motive, which has brought them together. Such men are now prepar ing to leave their homes for Nashville. Among them, wc are pleased to notice from the Times of Tuesday, that Judge Colquitt is making his arrange ments to attend the convention. There is no man in Georgia, who will carry with him more of the confi dence of her people : nor is there one in the South who possesses in a more eminent degree, all the ele ments of a reliable leader in this war of sectional in terests. The convention meets too at a most propitious mo ment. The committee of thirteen lias just presented an ingeniously contrived scheme of fraud, which is now sought to be imposed upon the South under the illusive name of ; 'compromise .” Upon the defeat of that scheme, will in a great measure, depend the suc cess of the South. Here then is the great rallying point of those who have not yet determined upon It surrender of the South. We believe if that measure can be defeated, California may be yet ruled out, for we do not think that the North has yet received suf ficient encouragement from her allies at the South, to attempt to force California as a separate measure upon us. Let the South then meet at Nashville ; let her delegates go there, even shorn of some of their power, by the apparent apathy of the people, and pro claim in terms that shall not be misunderstood, their determination to rescue the South from degradation, and the evil hour may yet be averted. From the be ginning we have been satisfied that concert at home was all that was needed to insure success to Southern opposition. li e have feared that the ties of party, and the dictation of aspiring leaders, might defeat that concert, nor have our fears been altogether groundless. An occasional snarl or it slhecr from those who apprehended disappointment to llieir own ambitious hopes from too bold a stand in favor Ms the South, and the faint echoes of their unddHings at home, have, to a certain extent, impaired that harmo ny, which, for the sake of the South, we had hoped” might prevail. But the vast preponderance of sentiment and votes at the South, is in favor of the South ; a preponder ance, sufficient to carry with it a inoral power, al most incalculable in its effects. The delegates will go to Nashville, invested with the might , which right always gives, and we yet hope to realize as the fruit of their deliberations, a restoration of quiet and content to the people of the South. So mote it be ! Slavery in the District of Columbia. Among the provisions of the plan of compromise “presented by the committee of thirteen, is one for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. This is one of the small considerations, which the South is to pay, for the gracious condescen sion of the North in not urging the “ \\ ilinot Proviso. And has it come to this? Is the South indeed so de based in the eyes of the Northern States of this con federacy, that she is to be invited seriously to consid er such a proposition ? Have we so far forfeited our claim to that equality with which we entered into this Union, that our common agent, the general gov ernment will dare to negotiate with us for our own disgrace. Twenty years ago, the Southern man who would have voted in Congress for the “second read ing” of such a proposition, would have been burned in effigy from Baltimore to New Orleans ; we hope the process of self-abandonment is not yet so far con summated that our public servants may venture with impunity to assist in this foul outrage upon Southern honor. Hear it people of Georgia ! a committee of grave Senators, have deliberately introduced into the Halls of your national Legislature, a proposition which degrades you to the condition of vassals at the feet, of Northern tyranny, aye, and Southern newspapers, Southern alone in locality, have dared to sanction its ignominious provisions. “What right has Congress to entertain such a bill ? Neither as the Legislature of the Union, nor as the agent of the District, has that Body, the shadow of a right to vote aye or nay upon such a measure. The unanimous voice of every voter in the District, could not adopt it. The right to restrict the slave trade necessarily implies the right to abolish the institution itself. Once concede to congress, jurisdiction of the question, and by what principle of constitutional law or of common sense, do you restrict its exercise to any legislation, short of unlimited and complete con trol. Or would yon concede the right, and trust its s xcrcise, to the discretion of congress. As soon would we commit a lamb to the discretion of a wolf. lt is high time that the people of the South had aris en to a proper estimate of their rights. It is fashion able with certain political empirics, to laugh at what the-y sneeringiy call abstractions. Men who have not the head or the soul to appreciate a right, are prone to meet v ith ridicule, arguments which they dare not assail with reason. It is in these very abstractions , that tho soul of all political right, inheres. The constitution itself is an abstraction, and hence abstractionists have always been the best inter preters of its provisions. So long as the South ad heres to these abstract rights she is safe ; when she trusts to the uncertain dictates of policy, she com mits herself to a selfish majority. Let us plant ourselves then upon the constitution ; within that we are willing to second the effects of our Legislature to reconcile the differences which now seperate the North and South, but sooner than look beyond its pale tor a remedy, we would see these differences widen into civil war. Slavery m California. The public mind at the South has doubtless been misinformed as to the sentiment which pre vails among the Southern emigrants in Califor nia. The Southern press has been charged with a disposition to cavil about unmeaning abstrac tions, in opposing the admission of California with her present anti-slavery Constitution; and again it has been said that if the line of 36, 30 was ex tended to the Pacific, it would but have the ef fect of multiplying free States. On this point, the following extract from the California Cor respondence of the New Orleans True Delta, win be found interesting. Southern men \v ho have brought slaves to this country, and in fact those who have no prop erly at stake, are watching the actions of Con gress w ith the greatest interest. They feel a pride in the stand which Southern members have taken, and every Southern man should have know n long ago, that the only way to stop the aggressive spirit ofthe fanatics of the North, was for the South to decide upon some line of action, and then firmly maintain their rights.— Up to the present session of Congress, this has not been done. Southern men have been dis posed to yield in order to keep the exciting ques tion out of Congress, and the effect ol this dispo sition upon their part, has been only to encour age a spirit of aggression which can only be stop ped by acts not to be m istaken. The question of dividing tiie territory which now forms the limits of our State, in such a man ner as to form two States, meets with favor from southern men here. They are prepared, in the event ofthe southern portion being erected into a slave State, to remove there. From Florida. —The United States schooner Arispe, Captain Ryan, whiehleft Tampa Bay on the 4th instant, arrived yesterday. We learn from Captain Ryan, that the Government steam er Planter, Captafh Stone, arrived at Tampa on the 3d, from Fort Myers, Carloosahatchee, and reported Billy Bow legs at the camp,‘accompan ied b\ some thirty warriors. Up tc the time of the departure of the Planter, they had .not deci ded to leave their hunting grounds for the far west, nor was there much prospect of their do ing so. They had, in short, declined making any more hostile demonstrations or moving off from their native glades. General Twiggs was to leave Tampa in a few days for Carloosahatchee. Delta. Our Book Table. Deßows Commercial Review. —We acknowledge the receipt of the May Number of this invaluable monthly. To the Southern merchant, or planter ; indeed to the entire business community of the South, it is worth more than any similar work, published in the country. Prof. J. D. B. Deßow, is an able writ er on political philosophy, and the columns of this work are filled with highly interesting productions from his, and the pens, of other distinguished writers of the south. For the credit of the south, as well as for its interests, we sincerely hope that the enterpris ing publisher may be sustained. Graham’s Magazine. —The .June number is on our table, and as usual, comes filled with treasures for the mind, and feasts for the eye. Indeed we scarcely know which to admire most: the rare literary excel lences which till its columns, or the exquisite produc tions of art which adorn its pages. We received in this number, a proof impression of a most magnificent engraving of Jenny Lind, as a foretaste of what we are to expect in the July number. The engraving before us cxcells in beauty and finish, any tiling we have ever seen in the periodicals of the country.— With the July number, the Editor commences anew volume which, it is promised, shall be one continued bla7.e of beauty. For $2,50 in advance, we we will furnish new subscribers from July to January, with the “Sentinel” and “Graham.” White's Statistics of Georgia. —The Author of this work has laid a copy on our table. It is a home book in every particular; it is written by a Georgian, published by a Georgian, it is exclusively about Georgia, and wc hope, will be sustained by Georgians. Every county in the State, has a sepa rate chapter of the work, devoted to its own statistics, describing its boundaries, extent, population, soil, pro ducts, manufactures, history Ac. It is useless to speak farther in praise of such a work, than to say, that so far ais we have been able to examine its pages, the Author seems to have treated his subjects with ability, research and fidelity. He is now in this City, proposing to sell his books, llis object is simply to remunerate himself for the time and labor and expense which he lias bestowed in the production of the work, and for that purpose, he offers it at tho very reasona ble rate of $3, per volume. lie may be seen at the Oglethorpe. The extreme Southern democratic members had better reflect that the proposition, that the people have a right to govern themselves, cannot very well he controverted by them, without taking away the very platfom on which their party as a national party ean alone stand. If such doctrine.-! are pressed by the South on the North, I am afraid the North will be obliged to haul off. We extract the foregoing from the Washington Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun. It appears then that the South is to be driven by threats into the support of a measure, which her sense of right would spurn as an encroachment. So far as we are con cerned, we prefer an enforcement of the threat, to a support ofthe policy it indicates. If we are to re tain our alliance with our northern friends (?) only at the expense of our equality, tho sooner we sever, the better. Fire in Huntsville Alabama. —A distructivc fire occured at Huntsville Ala. on the 2nd, inst. destroy ing property to the amount of SIOO,OOO to $150,000. The establishment of the Democrat was entirely con sumed. Judicial Election in Alabama. —Complete re turns have not yet been heard from a.v.y of the circuits, but enough has been heard from to ensure the election of Bragg in the Mobile Circuit; Goldthwait in the Montgomery Circuit; Dougherty in the Macon Cir cuit ; Pickensiu the Dallas Circuit; Phelan in the Autauga Circuit, and Shortridge in the Tuscaloosa Circuit. TO THE PLANTERS OF MUSCOGEE, RUSSELL, AND THE ADJOINING COUNTIES. We publish below, the proceedings of a meeting held in this city on Monday last, preliminary to the formation of an “Agricul tural Association from which it will be seen that the friends of that measure are in vited to assemble at Concert Hall, in this city, on Saturday next, at 11 o’clock, a. m. We desire to call the attention of our planting friends to this meeting, with the invitation to as many of them as can do so, to be present at that hour. Every man who raises a bale of cotton or a barrel of corn, is personally interested in the movement, and we cannot feel it necessary to do more than call the at tention of the planters to it. At the meet ing on Saturday, the Constitution will be presented and .adopted, and officers will be elected It is important therefore that every planter who contemplates at any time be coming a member, should be present at that time. We would also suggest to the mer chants of the city, the propriety of attending and becoming members. Though they are not immediately interested in the planting business, yet the farmer’s prosperity is their prosperity, and it is of course to their inter est to participate in every movement which has for its object the general good of the community: Agricultural Society. A number of the Planters of Muscogee and Russell counties assembled at the Court House in Columbus, on Monday morning the 13th inst., for the purpose of forming an Agricultural Association. On motion of Col. Van Leonard, James R. Jones] Esq., was called to the Chair, and Wm. 11. Chambers requested to act as Sec retary. Charles A. Peabody, Esq., after a few re marks explanatory of the objects of the meet ing, offered the follow ing: Resolved . That a committee of five be ap pointed to draft a Constitution and By-Laws, and to report the same at the next meeting of this Association, to be held at Concert Hall, at 11 o'clock, a. M., Saturday next. The Resolution was adopted and the fol low ing gentlemen appointed as the commit tee: Col. Leonard, Judge Thomas, C. A. Peabody, Esq., N. Nuckolls, Esq. and Maj. S. C. Lindsay. The Chairman was on motion, added to the committee. The meeting then adjourned. J. R. JONES, Chairman. William H. Chambers, Sec’y. Martin J. Crawford, Esq.—We regret our ina bility to publish this week the truly spirited aud southern letter of this gentleman, written to Gov. Towns, acknowledging the receipt of his commission as one of the Delegatee elected to the Nashville con vention. We shall publish it next week. Columbus Debiting Club. —We have been re quested to announce to those interested; that there will be a meeting of tlfy club, at this offiee, on Satur day morning next, at 9 o’clock. * The celebrated Rochester Knocking* have made their appearance in N. York. From an occasional New England Correspondent, i Northampton, Mass., May 3, 1850. The Season —Northampton and 1 icinity—Hydro pathy—lts Disciples—Prospects of Manufac tures in New England — Mr. 11 ebster and his Constituents. Although the surrounding hills glitter with an oc- : casional snow bank, yet the warm sun which has al- ; ready begun to impart life and beauty to the surroun- ! ding scenery, is gradually melting away these cheer- i less tokens of the departed winter, and on all sides are ! heard the notes of the ploughman as he upturns the j heavy sod with his‘double team. One who has nev er experienced a Northern winter, who has never been ice-bound and snow-stormed, can form no ade quate idea of the real delight, which even the notes of a solitary bird, in the first opening of Spring in spire. To one who has felt this icy prison, the re turning anniversary of nature's birth has a peculiar charm. “Tho’ winter, lingering, chills the lap of Spring, - ’ yet he feels his very soul expanding, striving as it were, to keep pace with nature’s swelling tide. The village from which my letter dates, is situated in one of the most beautiful sections of New England. But a short distance to the East and South East, rise the handsome peaks of Mt. Holyoke and Mt. Tom. The scenery is not grand, but pleasing and picturesque in the extreme. From these eminences, the villages and towns that lay extended to the view, exhibit a fair estimate of the thrift and enterprise of the New Englander. The dashing streams turning their countless wheels, together with the neat habitations of the people, and the numerous church spires, shoot up towards the heavens, present happy and prolific subjects for thought and revery. Apart from the manufactures for which the great er portion of New England is noted, there is nothing which distinguishes this section more, than the num ber and character of its water cure establishments. No section affords superior advantages for such in stitutions, abounding in the purest and softest granite water and fine scenery; those who desire such a inode of treatment, can find no more favorable location. It is truly astonishing with what rapidity this science has progressed in this country since its introduction but a few years since. This, together with Homeo pathy, appears to bo making important revolutions among the disciples of Esculapius. Tire success with which these two systems of German origin have at tacked the Allopathic mode, is sensibly felt in every section of the country, and especially so in the East ern and Middle States. The thousands who annual ly graduate at the Universities of the “old school,” may well pause and wonder, even at the innovations upon their established science, which a distinguished practitioner declared as complete in all its parts, as the science of mathematics. Among the Hydropaths established here, probably the most distinguished in this country, or in the world, is Dr. Charles Munde. The revolutions of Germany drove him to our shores, and the disciples of Pressnitz hailed his advent hither as anew impulse to their progress. He had already been eminently successful, and doubtless there awaits him a fame, which, if commensurate with his skill and learning, will place him in this country —as he al ready ranks in Europe—among the most distinguish ed adherents of the new science. But passing from Hydropathy, which is attracting so much attention, and of which I shall probably write you again, the present state of manufacture in New England demands a thought. In Lowell, Lawrence and Manchester, and other manufacturing districts, several cotton mills have discontinued oper ations. This, to some in this section, is a harbinger of evil times. Doubtless protection will now be the cry from every quarter of New England. But why is it that while at the North, mill wheels arc stopped, in the South they are daily multiplying ? The capital ists here, say that the great advance in cotton pre vents them longer from disposing of the manufactur ed article for a profit. But what has caused this ad vance, let them ask ? What has diminished the de mand for their fabrics ? What has created in their once lucrative markets, rival establishments ? When they have pondered these questions philosophically, the whole North, not only the capitalists, but the op eratives themselves, will find that it is their own sui cidal course which is bringing this stagnation upon them; that by their incessant ftbuse of those who have fed them, and the discussion and discord caused by their agitation of an institution which has support ed them, they have forced the South to prepare for a contingency, which, however much she abhors, is far preferable to a tame submission to insult and wrong. The address- of Mr;. Webster upon his reception in Boston the day before yesterday, expresses the views of many, very many of the citizens of Massachusetts. Notwithstanding the resolutions of the Legislature condemnatory of his course in the Senate, the actual state of affairs will bring the people to their senses. These “ghostly abstractions” will not bring them bread, and when Southern competition begins to af fect their pockets, “abstract right” and “tender con sciences” will become surprisingly mute. Whatever may be the result of the present agitation, the sober people know and feel tho importance of the Southern portion of the confederacy, and even though justice be blind, interest will influence them. Notwithstand ing Seward and Hale and their mad adherents are blindly rushing upon the swords of their own de struction, tho thinking portion of the people, with their representatives, have paused—they will not cross the Rubicon. * THETA. [correspondence of the “southern sentinel.”] New Orleans, May 9, 1850. Mr. Editor —Since my last'respdbts, I have noth ing particularly new or interesting to communicate. The .business season is rapidly drawing to a close, and very soon, summer, with its accompaniments of heat and dust, to say nothing of yellow fever, will soon be down upon us. It is feared by a great many of our citizens, that the ensuing summer will bring with it a great deal of sickness, and that the yellow fever will rage to an al most unprecedented extent. The reasons assigned for this, 1 am unable to give, but nevertheless, such is the expressed belief of medical gentlemen of my ac quaintance, of acknowledged ability and experience. Heaven arrest that scourge, of our otherwise healthy city, which every season carries off so many of our best citizens. The advices from the up country concerning the great overflow of the rivers, is most alarming. From Vicksburg down, the whole country is under water, and for miles on each bank of the river, nothing but a wide waste of water meets the eye. It is impossi ble to calculate the extent of the damage that has and will ensue to the cotton crop—sufficient to say, that it is the general belief that it is totally ruined. Since I wrote last, the steamships Alabama and Ohio have arrived, bringing large numbers of passen gers. and an enormous quantity of gold dust. You would be much amused to see, on the day of an arri val from California, the toil worn aud travel stained adventurer exchanging at the broker’s office his hard earned dust for coined money. A great crowd al ways collects around the door to see it weighed out, and to behold the bearded, uncouth locking strangers, and to hear them speak of their hardships and iriafc “beyond seas.” There exists not a shadow of doubt now, but that tho Cuban expedition has sailed from this port for the rendezvous. I am sure of it. “Where the place of meeting and landing is, lam unable to say. A num ber of gentlemen who have gone, are acquaintances and friends of mine, and the Spaniards will find them rough customers to handle. The Colonel of the regi ment raised in this city, was an officer in the army during the Mexican campaign, and on several ocea sions conducted himself in a highly gallant and meri torious manner. A considerable number of them were officers and soldiers during the war, who im bibed a love for the life of a eoldier, and the novelty of adventure and danger. It was a remark of a cele brated Roman Consul, that “danger had a great fau dilation”—that may all be very true, and those that like it are welcome to it—as for my own part, I never could see anything particularly charming, when there was danger of having your head shot off, or having six inches of eold steel put through your bread basket. I do not know of anv particular change in our cot ton market to write. Since the last steamer’s news was received, the market has been in a very dull and inactive state. Factors hold out for the advance, and buyers arc not willing to submit. After the letters are received, we may look for considerable and exten sive operations. Yesterday only 300 bales changed hands, the smallest day's sales I have noticed this sea son. Western produce is dull, and, in fact, business generally is flat. Items of news are scarce, but you must put up with this dull and uninteresting letter. I always give you ‘'the best 1 have got about me.” Yours truly, KOSMOS. For the Southern Sentinel. MORE ABOUT BOOKS. A few words more about publishers, and then we will pass on to some information respecting the different Libraries in the world. Harper & Brothers, of course, take precedence among pub lishers in the United States; indeed, as to mere ninne.rc.ial extent, they lead the world, their dis bursements for copyright being far inferior to those of the Longmans of London. Many of the works issued by 11. & Bros., are available for them gratuitously. A glance at relative copy right payments may be interesting. Longmans pay Mr. Macaulay $30,000 for ten years lease of his History of England; Harpers pay SI,OOO. The largest premiums for the priority of new English works have, however, been so far paid by Harpers, and some of the popular American authors have received large sums from them. Mr. Prescott has received for his Histories, about $30,000, Mr. Stephens, the traveller, about the same; Rev. Albert Barnes nearly as much, and Prof. Anthon much more, while of Morse's Ge ography, over half a million of copies have been printed. While speaking of school books, it is well to note one feature of the book trade of our country, viz : of the countless quantity of school books made and used—one fact will suffice for illustration. Noah Webster, who lived to the age of three score and ten. travelling in this country and in Europe writing and publishing books, was supported entirely from the profits of his Elementary Spelling Book, of which, millions have been sold. Prof. Andrew’s receives SO,OOO for the labor bestowed on his Latin Lexicon. The Harpers are possessed of unrivalled re sources and facilities. All the details ol their business, except paper-making and type-found ing, are carried on in their range of buildings, comprising six or seven, five story houses. More than twenty presses, are constantly throw ing off printed sheets to the extent of 31,000 per day, while in their bindery 50 barrels of flour per annum are used in making paste, and 1200 doz en sheepskins, 30,000 square yards of muslin, 120,000 pounds of pasteboard; over 40,000 pounds of metal are used per nnnum in making stereotype plates, of which there is $300,000 worth in their vaults; they have 70,000 pounds of type in their different composing rooms. Ev en the cuttings from the edges of books in the process of binding, amount to 36,000 pounds per annum, which are sold to the paper-makers. Their annual sales have been estimated in round numbers at 2.000,000 of volumes including pamphlets. They usually employ about 350 workmen and workwomen, and spend - $4,000 yearly in advertising. G. P. Putnam is treading on the heels of the Harpers iar the number and splendor of his issues, flis publications are chiefly of miscellaneous books. Messrs. Apple ton also are extensive publishers. Philadelphia has many heavy publishing houses. Lea & Blanchard publish an immense number of Medi cal works, Carey & Cos., Thomas Cowperthwait & Cos., and others, publish housefulls of school books—the latter house publishes Mitchell’s school Geography and Atlas, of which probably more copies have been sold during the last few years than of all other geographies together. Little &. Brown, Phillips, Sampson &. Cos. 5 and several other houses in Boston, are publish ing heavily; the last mentioned have dared to rival the Harpers in issuing simultaneously, new English publications or old standard works. Many of the issues of Little & Brown, James Munro & Cos., wjpuld stand side by side with the finished productions of the British Press; but we are extending too much. Let us spring across the Empire State and light in Cincinnati, that Western Queen, standing a magnificent monument of “Anglo Saxon Energy f we believe that is the cant phrase. Nearer true would it be to say, a monument of the enterprise of a people taught by the Bible only, and fettered by no bond not recognised by, and ruled by no law no} based upon that book. It is within the memory of men now living and acting, that the site of this great city was owned by a poor farmer, (poor comparatively.) and sold for a sum, and now, how shall we describe her ? We will only do so much toward it, as to mention some facts relating to her book trade. The aggregate amount of issues in Cincinnati is estimated at $1,000,000 per annum. There are three stereotyping establishments, fifteen power presses running constantly upon book work, one entirely upon German publications. The whole number of power presses in the city, book, news and job, is 29, and the first one was erected in 1834. There are ten book-binderies, four of them large establishments, employing many hands. There are six large publishing houses whose annual business is probably $150,000 each. One house issues school books only, one of these about 700,000 copies per year, of which they send 100,000 to the east on sale, and in addition, they have duplicate plates in New York for some of the most celebrated, and from these plates, large editions are struck, to meet the demand in the middle States. This is the firm of Win. B. Smith & Cos. J. A. &. U. I*. James, carry on, in connection with their book-publishing and selling, a printing office, book-bindery, printing ink manufactory, and stereotyping operations. They employ about 130 hands, and among other elegant is sues, (to mention one as a sample “brick,”) they have published an edition of Gibbon in 2 vols., imperial 8 vo. 1073 pages, the only edition ever issued in the United States. Os one school se ries, Lyman Cobb’s, they print for the publish ers, about 200,000 copies per annum. Many other houses might be mentioned. We will on ly add a word about musical publications. About s,O6‘o’copies of Mason’s Harp, and 10,000 ot the Missouri Harmony are published yearly. H. W. Deeby & Cos., publish Law Books ex tensively. They are now engaged on the heav iest work ever attempted in the West, viz: the Kentucky Reports, to be finished in - 23 volumes making P 6,000 pages. The establishment of 11. W. D. & Cos. is inferior to none in the United States for completeness and system, and to few in size. All standard works in the various bran- j ches of literature can be obtained here, together with the current issues of the American press, importations from England and the continent, and stationery of all kinds. It has an elegance in the look and a taste in all its appointments which is equalled by nothing of the kind in this country, and (say travellers) unsurpassed in Eu rope. So much for the trade of Cincinnati, which although so extensive, is but a beginning of what j is to be ; it is, as it were, but the broad and well i laid foundation of the plan, for supplying the j boundless regions of the Mississippi valley, and 1 the Northwest, with that knowledge which is j “Power,” and with which, the inhabitants shalj j be made mighty to pull down error and super, j stition, and able to shelter and succor the op pressed myriads of less favored lands. We j would not omit to mention here the great work of the American Bible Society, issuing yearly be tween 6 and 700,000 Bibles and Testaments, and this in a style inferior to the issues ot no house in the country. Indeed, one of their Bibles may ] be instantly known by the matchless clearness ! of the type, and the immaculate whiteness and polish of the paper. This society receives year : ly near $300,000, to enable it to issue the Bibles | and Testaments at the cost of manufacture, or j i gratuitously, where those in need are not able to j | buy. There are eight steam power presses in ! the Printing House, constantly running with ) I such velocity, that 13 impressions are made ev- j : ery minute, or 780 in an hour; and this is done j j on presses of a size large enough to print at each | impression forty pages of a duodecimo Bible, j I These Bibles are printed in many languages, and j ! distributed either by grant or sale, through al- ( j most all parts of the world. The American Tract Society also receives | nearly $300,000, which is expended in furnish- I ing at cost or gratuitously, their extensive cata- | I logue of evangelical literature. Every book is- I sued from the Publishing House is faultless in type and paper, and many of them are profused iy illustrated, with sometimes steel, but mostly wood engravings, and these engravings are from designs for the Society, bv the ablest artists of our country, and in conception and execution are all exquisitely fine, and are now far superior to the finest plate engravings which went to make up the attractions of costly illustrated books twenty-five or thirty years ago. This so ciety has, since its organization, thrown into cir culation, not less than 4,000,000 of volumes. A few may be well mentioned. Baxter’s call to the unconverted, 25,000 copies; Baxter’s Saint’s rest, 120,000; Pilgrim’s Progress, 120,000; D’Aubigne’s History of the Reformation, 44.000 i sets; Dodderidge’s Rise and Progress, 110,000; Sabbath Manual, 300,000 ; Gallaudet’s Scripture Biography, 120,000 .volu mes. But we have already said too much on this chapter of “Books.” We will mention only the American S. S. Union and Methodist Book con j corn as two other huge establishments, and leave out many which will deserve a notice, and pass to a short chapter on Libraries in this coun try and Europe. PAPYRUS. Congressional Districts. AS AT PRESENT CONSTITUTED. First District. —Appling, Bryan, Bulloch,Cam den, Chatham, Clinch, Effingham, Emanuel, Glynn, Liberty. Lowndes, Mclntosh, Montgom ery, Scriven, Telfair, Tattnal, Thomas, Ware, ! Wayne. Second District. —Baker, Decature, Dooly, Ear | ly, Houston, Irwin, Lee, Macon, Marion, Musco i gee, Pulaski, Randolph, Stewart, Sumpter. | Third District. —Bibb, Butts, Crawford, Jas per, Jones, Monroe, Pike, Talbot, Twiggs,Upson, ; Wilkinson. Fourth District. —Campbell, Carroll, Coweta, ! Dekalb, Harris, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Meri wether, Troup. Fifth District. —Cass, Chattooga, Cherokee, Cobb, Dade, Gordon, Floyd Forsyth, Gwinnett Lumpkin, Murray, Walker, Paulding, Gilmer’ Union. ■ Sixth District. —Clark, Franklin. Hall, Haber sham, Jackson, Madison, Newton, Rabun, Wal tow. Seventh District. —Baldwin, Greene, Hancock, Laurens, Morgan, Oglethorge, Putman, Taliafer ro, Washington. Eighth District. —Burke, Columbia, Elbert, ■ Jefferson, Lincoln, Warren, Wilkes. SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. As altered at the last Session of the Legislature. 23 Warren and Taliferro. 24 Hancock & Baldwin. 25 Putman it Jasper. 26 Monroe & Bibb. 27 Crawford Upson. 28 Meriwether it Talbot. 29 Heard it Carroll. 30 Campbell &. Coweta. 31 Fayette and DeKalb. 32 Butts and Pike. 33 Newton and Henry. 34 Morgan and Greene. 35 Lincoln and Wilke l ". 36 Frar.kling and Madison. 37 Oglethorpe and Elbert. 38 Clarke ami Walton. 39 Gwinnett <fc Forsyth. 10 Paulding, Cass and Gor don. 11 Cherokee and Cobb. 42 Hall and Jackson. 43 Habersham and Rabun. 44 Lumpkin and Union. 45 Gilmer and Murray. 46 Dade and Walker. 47 Flovd and Cattooga. I ’ 1 Chatham. 2 Liberty and Tattnal, 3 Mclntosh it Glynn. 4 Wayne & Camden. 5 Ware, Lowdes & Clinch. 6 Appling &. Montgo mery. 7 Bulloch and Scriven. I 8 Effingham & Bryan. ! 9 Burke and Jefferson, j 10 Laurens and Wilkin - j son. I 11 Telfair and Irwin, i 12 Decatur it Thomas. 13 Early and Randolph. 14 Steward and Musco gee. 15 Lee and Baker. j 16 Troup and Harris, j 17 Houston and Pulaski, j 18 Marion and Macon, j 19 Dooly and Sumter. | 20 Twiggs and Jone- 1 . : 21 Washington and E manuel. j 22 Richmond and Co- | j lumbia. I Women's Convention.— A curious convention ! has just come oil’ in Ohio. It was neither more i nor less than an assemblage of some four or five j hundred women, at Salem, in that State, the call i for which we noticed some time ago. The as- ; | semblage was regularly organized, with presi ! dents, vice presidents and secreteries, and their ! business was conducted in the usual manner. ! !It was exclusively a woman’s convention. Men i | took no part in it, but there was a large crowd i | oflistners of the coarser sex present. The ob- ( i ject of the assemblage was to make an effort to i | secure for themselves equal right with men in en- j i acting and administering the laws by which they i are to be governed. Many eloquent addressee | were delivered, and a list of 22 resolutions was adopted, settingforth their grit vances and the civ il and political rights they think themselves enti tled to. The following will give some idea of : the nature and extent of the claims of the Ohio j ! women.” Resolved, That all rights are human rights, I and pertain to human beings, without distinction | of sex; therefore justice demands that all laws i shall lie made, not for man, nor for woman, but for mankind, and that the same legal protection j ! be atlbrded to the one sex as to the other.- Resolved, That we, as human beings, are en- j titled to claim and exercise all rhe rights that be- i j long by natu-te to any member of the human fam- I ily. Resolved, That all distinctions between men j ; and women in regard to social, literary, pecunia ry, religious o: p< liticim customs and n t tution'. based on a distinction of sex. are contrary to the j laws and of nature, unjust, and destructive to the ; purity, elevation and progress m knowledge and i goodness of the great human family, and ought j to be at once and forever abolished. An address was adopted by the body, to the ! constitutional convention, about to assemble in i Columbus, demanding, that in the new State constitution, about to be formed, “Women shall be secured not only the rights of suffrage, but all the political and legal rights that are guaran tied to men.”-— Mobile Register. What would our Ohio friends think of a chief Justice tvho was “as well as could be expected,” or a general on the eve of battle with a pair of “thriving twins I”- 1 Corre-pondence of the Baltimore Sun. Washington, May 10, 1850, The Compromise Scheme—lts Prospects —• Northern and Southern Opposition—‘Cab inet Doomed—The Galphin Committee — Board of Claims, dfc. I am happy to state that the prospect of ; the adoption of a scheme of compromise by the Senate h now very fair. The number of j Southern opponents of the scheme will be 1 ultimately reduced to seven or eight, and the i number of its supporters from the nonslavc ■( holding States will be rather greater than some votes on the question, taken in reference to the raising of the committee, seemed to in dicate. The scheme, as a wliol r commends itself to the good sense and patriotism of the country and the popular feeling, North and South, ; will be in its favor. Mr. Clay is still sanguine of its complete success; and no objections to it have yet been urged that are insuperable. It would have been well had the State of California restricted herself to more modest : boundaries—but she took natural and con | venient boundaries. Suppose she had taker? all the Southern boundary of 36 30, the result I would be, perhaps, the admission of two new I non-slave-holding States form the Pacific’ ; borders, instead of one. I can find ng ground for the opinion that the portibiv pf Cul u ifornia South of thirty-six thirty, will be a \ slave holding, country, should it be separated ! from the State of California and a territorial 1 I government established over it. In line, this | ground of opposition to the compromise is of 1 itself too narrow to be successfully maintiaiedf. There is only one reason why the South i should, at least, abstain from voting for the ! Compromise, and that in a sectional reason. ‘The Southern men are entitled to demand that the Northern men shall vote for a eompomiso w hich gives the North all that it demands— j w hich gives to it the kernel and to the South the shell, as has been properly said. No good j reason can be given why the w hole respon* . sibility ol passing this compromise scheme should rest upon the South. In the House of Representatives no Northern whig w ill go for it and unless every Southern member will support it the scheme must, forsooth, fail. I hope vet to see the compromise passed bv Northern men, and by Northern wliigs as well as democrats. ‘Those Southern men who are j now arrayed against it w ill, it is to be hoped, j g° so tar as to offer their support, w hich those I for whose benefit it is especially made shall | also support it. After what the Republic has repeatedly stated, in reference to the Cabinet, no one can under take to say that it is not doomed. It jg almost time to beg a lock of their hair. The Galphin committee, according to rumor, was to report to-day, if ready. It is rumored that the committee are divided, five to four the | minority being in favor of exonerating all par i ties from blame in the matter. The minority of ! four are Whigs. Four Democrats condemn the ; whole transaction out and out. Mr. Burt makes a separate report, and partially censures the transaction. The committee on the Benton and Foote affair have suspended operations in consequence of their Chairman, Mr. Pearce. The scope of in quiry was so enlarged as to embrace questions leading to the difficulty. From all quarters the establishing a boasrrj of claims is receiving commendation. The House will probably concur with the Senate. Even, as aa experiment, it is worth the trial. Ton.. Awful Tragedy. —The Wilmington (Del.) | Gazette gives an account of the murder, on the ■ 2d inst., of his wife, by Capt John Windsor, at ! Middleford, Sussex count} , Del. He deliberate | ly shot her with a horse pistol, and then himself took laudnum, which, only vomiting him, he at tempted also to shoot himself, but was prevent ed. The cause of the act was jealousy (said to be groundless) of Alexander Osborn, whom he also had declared his intention to kill. Windsor is about seventy years ol age, and had recently married a young wife, not nefw above twenty five. The murderer was arrested. Large Appropriation for- Missions. —Tlie : Managers of the Methodist Missionary So*ety ; at the meeting in New York on the 3d, inst., de : termined that the appropriations for 1850, should ; be $150,000, viz: For missions in foreign fields, j $64,200 ; for Missions in domestic work, sßs,Boo. 1 he annual report of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, just made at ’the meeting in New \ ork, states the income of the year was $126,013 17 ; and the expenditures $124,838 12 leaving the treasury free of debt. A 1 negro woman was relating her experience to a gaping congregation of her own color; among other things, she said she had been to heaven. One of the brethren asked her—‘Sis i ter, you see any black folks in heaven ?” She ! replied: ‘Oh, go out—spose Igo in the kitchen when I was dar !” “Oh, what trials a poor widow has to go through with,” sighed Mrs. Partington, rock ing herself, in a sad and very melancholy wav, and holding untasted, the morsel of Maccaboy between her thumb and fingers, “terrible trials; and oh, what a hardship to be the executioner to an intestine estate, where enviable people are trying every way to overcome the widow’s might; where it's probe it, probe it, pfffbe it, probe it all the tiinc, and the more you probe it the worse it seems. The poor woman never gets justice, for it she gets all, she don’t get half enough.- I have had one trial of it, and if I ever mar ry again, I’ll make my pretended husbamF fabricate his will before he orders his wed ding cake—l’ll take my time by the foretop, as bolotnon says.” Bhe here received a lit tle, and the subtle powder passed to its des tination and reported itself‘‘home” in an em phatic sneeze. CHEERING NEWS FOR THE SICK. Whitesville, - N-. Y., July ID, 1848. Mr. Seth W. Foyle: Dear Sir—-It is with pleasure I write you this certificate, stating iny experience in the use ot Dr. Wistaria Balsam of Wild Cherry. In No vember last I was taken with a severe cough. My lungs were much affected, so much that it was with difficulty I could breathe. Hearing of your Balsam, I procured and took part of one bottle; and to my astonishment my lungs were freed and my cough cured. I a*n hap py to recommend this Balsam of Wild Cherry to the public as one of the best medicines for coughs and colds I ever used. W.M. SWIFT. Now this preparation is well known to be a more cer tain cure for incipient Consumption, Asthma, Liver Com plaint, Coughs, Bronchitis, and all similar affections,- than any other remedy ever known, there will be, and now are found those so villanously wicked as to con coct a spurious, and perhaps poisonous mixture, and try to palm it off as the genuine We raise no false alarm. We advise the public of these schemes, that their health may not be trifled with, nor ourselves plundered of our just rights. The genuine and original Dr. Wistaria Balsam of Wild Cherry, on account of it- 1 great popularity, has been extensively counterfeited in Philadelphia, and some thousand bottles of the spurious imitation thrown into the market and extensively circulated. None genuine, unless signed I. BUTTS on the wrapper. For sale by Dr. R. A. Ware, and Danforth & Nagel, Columbus ; J. A. it S. S. Virgins, Macon; Sr Ken drick, Bamesville, Bowdre & Woodson, Thomas ton, and Agents everywhere. w—p—————— wmmm ——■ COMMERCIAL. CORRECTED BY RUSE, PATTEN, & BRICE. COLUMBUS, Ga. May 11, 1850. Stock on hand, Sept. 1,... —.. .. ..... 516 Received this week,..., 213 Received previously, - - -53904 59633 Shipped this week, 1284 Shipped previously, 51513 Stock on hand, GBo§