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SOUTHERN SENTINEL. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA: THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 11, 1850. Postscript. DEATH OF PRESIDENT TAYLOR!! Wc stop the press to announce the following despatch, lor which wc are indebted to the Ma con Telegraph. Macon, 9, r. si. July 10. President Taylor was attacked with Clio lera Morbus on Friday morning, lingering until Tues day night, half past 10, and died. To tiie Puntkiui. —We are requested to give no tice that the Muscogee and Russell Agricultural So ciety, will meet at its rooms on Saturday next. lion. 31. J. Wellborn. AA'e publish to-day, the speech of our immediate Representative, on the slavery question. It will be seen that Judge Wellborn stands upon the Missouri Compromise ; just the position that the Representa tive of the 2nd Congressional District should occupy, and more especially, the position which it was known that this gentleman’s ability, moral integrity, and de termined fidelity to the interests of his constituents, would compel him to occupy, in a choice between the three inodes of a.ljustment now before Congress. We ivjoice at the stand which Judge “Wellborn has taken on this quest":dh, as well for the good of the Country, as for his own unblemished reputation for political sagacity and disinterested patriotism, lie was the first to present the Missouri Compromise at this ses sion, and he will be the last to abandon it, but even should it be beaten down by the opposition of its en emies and the treachery of its friends, he can never become the apologist, much less the advocate of either -of the alternatives to this measure, now pending in Congress. Unlike some of those into- whose hands the South has committed her interests, he can never be bribed into her betrayal < it her by the* hope of empty national honors, or be driven from her support by a sickly sentimentality.-which merges all sense of man liness and honor into an indiscriminate attachment to the Union. I latticing as lie has done and as lie will continue to do for the lights of the South, he will re turn to a ( oru tituaney. proud of his position, and grate ful for his services, while the Southern man who shall dare to sustain the adjustment scheme of the com mittee of thirteen, or the ridiculous plan of the Presi dent will he greeted with hisses at home, and consign ed to a merited oblivion. Our Book Tabic. Southern Literary Messenger. —Wc are pleased to discover in the punctuality of its appearance, and the character of its pages, the evidences of prosperity in this old and established Southern Monthly. The July number, which we have received, will not suffer by comparison with any contemporaneous issue from the, periodical press of America. Southern readers should by all means patronize it. Published at Rich mond Va. at £3 per annum. Godf.y’s Magazine. —Rich in good tilings, and sparkling with beauty, the August Number, has as u sual anticipated its day of publication by a month.— The number on our table presents the unusual attrac ts >n of three full paged highly finished steel engrav ings, besides a beautifully colored fashion plate, and nineteen other embellishments. Its literary merits r.rc equal to its artistic beauty. Death of S. S. Frf.ntiss.— The New Orleans pa -ers inform us that this distinguished Orator died at bitches on the Ist hist. Dictionary of Mechanic’s and Engine Work.— We have received No. 13. of this valuable publiea on. The number before us is devoted to the Steam “ngiiie. Sec advertisement in another place. llari f,r,s New Monthly. —Number two has been received, and fully sustains the character of the first. We are completely taken with this work, and as a laiiuly inagazino recommend it above all others. L)e Row’s Review.— The July No. is on our ta ble. This number commences anew volume, enlarg ed and much improved. It contains one hundred and ltreaty pages, and presents us with the following in viting table of contents: i. Home Government of India; by W. Adam* Esq. ii. Origin, progress-and prospects of Slavery; by the Editor. in. Invasion of He Soto in Alabama. iv. Dr. Channing on Slavery, reviewed by John Fletcher of Miss. v Mexican Mines and Mineral Resources in 1 850*; by.Brantz Meyer, of Baltimore, vi. Ruins of Central America and Yucatan by A. W. Ely M. D. vn. The Beautiful, by the Editor, vtii. Mississippi River, by A. Stein, of Mobile. ix. Lkerqtuve of Spain, by tlip Editor. x. Population—part 3. xi. Protection of Mississippi Low Lands by Maj. J. G. Barnard. mi. Depart incut of Commerce. mil Department of Agriculture. xiv. Department of Manufactures and Mines. xv. Editorial Department. Errata. —By an oversight of the proof reader, several awkward blunders crept into our advertising oluinns last week. For instance Messrs. Ellis, Hendrick & Redd are made to advertise “Apple yrtip” instead <>f “Maple Syrup.” To tlie excellence ’ this latter article we are aide to testify, from hav g tried it. Again, the word “bushels'’ was omit >l in the advertisement of Winter’s Palace Mills. The Execution. — George AY. Evans, was on Friday last, hung in execution of the sentence pro nounced upon him at the last session of the Superior Court of this County. His bearing at the gallows was most remarkable; keenly alive to the* circumstan ces by which he was surrounded, apprised of liis fate and its consequences, he seemed, not indifferent, but perfectly submissive nnd resigned, to the execution of his dreadful sentence. The interval between his con viction and execution had been constantly employed by the Christian Ministers of this city in awakening the unfortunate culprit to a sense of his true condition, and we are informed that before bis execution he ex pressed a perfect willingness and preparation to die. The spectacle at the execution was a most melancholy one. Thousands upon, thousands, congregated from all the surrounding country, a mingled mass of men, women and children, whites, blaeksand mulattoes, had cinblcd, for hours before the execution, in anxious expectation of the awful treat. AA'hen the hour ar rived, and the prisoner was taken from the dungeon to be carried to the gallows, the scene, if it could have b mi divested of the solemnity of the occasion, would have been one of the intensest merriment. Ox carts road wagons, carriages, barouches, buggies, riders on mules-and horses, old men and little boys, fat women with brawling babies, all were rushing in mad confu sion to secure a place near enongh to the gallows to see all and bear all, that might be said or done. Ar rived at the spot, the excitement raged still more fiercely. Carriages, horses and footmen were jam med in an indiscriminate mass around the scaffold.— AVe shall not undertake to describe the execution. In horror and disgust, we turned our eyes from the scene. Suffice it to say the unfortunate young man “died like a hero and a Christian.” We did not hear his - dying words. AVe understand they were ad dressed to parents in earnest admonition of the im ’ pnrtauee-of instilling correct nations into the minds of their children. • He ascribed his fate to disobedience, and warned his youthful hearers of a death of shame. These executions arc made public on account of the military ellect they are supposed to have upon the public mind. In our opinion there never was a reater mistake So far from it. in most eases, the influencies are of a directly different nature. The ten decy is rather to brutalize, than ameliorate the heart. Men go to a hanging in the same spirit that they would attend a bull fight, and the spectacle is about as profitable in one case as the other. On this occasion, we saw five drunken men to where we saw on? at the celebration the day previous. AVe saw a mother whose head was sprinkled with gray hairs, leading a stripling by the hand, and uttering the most blasphe mous oaths, when the dying admonitions of the. pris oner were scarcely out of her ears. AA'e heard a man within fifty steps of the gallows, threatening to cut another to pcices, as soon as he laid eyes on him. Incur advertising columns will be seen the offer of a reward for a pocket book, stolen in tlie crowd that gathered around the scaffold. AVe might multiply these instances, but they are not needed to convince any one who has ever witnessed a public execution, that no good can result from such a sepne. The Two Compromises. • The first argument which the friends of tlie Mis souri compromise had to meet, was, that it was im practicable, and the Clay compromise was recom mended as the best wc could get. Now, the note has been changed, and the argument is, that of the two, the Clay compromise is better for the South. There are two views which may be taken of this question, and we propose to show that in neither can it be said, that the compromise recommended by the committee of thirteen, is better for the South, than the old Missouri compromise. In the first place it is more violative of the constitutional rights of the South, and in tlie second place, it is more violative of the interests of the South ; it is in these two partic ulars that wc propose to institute a comparison be tween the two modes of adjustment, and we hope we’ shall be able to give some reasons for the declaration, that in no sense, can tlie Clay Compromise he said to be better for the South than the Missouri Compro mise. First, as to the Constitutional rights of the South. AA c set out with the admission that the Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional. AVe admit that Congress has no constitutional authority to legislate on the subject of slavery, either for its prohibition North, or its establishment South, of the line of 3(5 30. Here, then, is one violation of the rights of the South, hut it is the only one incident to the Mis souri Compromise. llow stands the ease with the compromise of tlie Committee of Thirteen ? In tlie first place, it violates that undoubted constitutional right of the South, which Secures to her an equal participation in the Territories. That this is the right of tlie South, we shall not attempt to argue, be cause we do not know that it is questioned ; and be ing a right, we contend that there is but one way in which she can be divested of it. Congress can not do it; the Territorial Legislature can not do it; nor can any power under Heaven do it, except the peo ple of the Territories, when, in the exercise of politi cal power previously delegated by the consent of the owners of those Territories, they meet for the pur pose of forming a State constitution. This pre-requi site is wanting to the constitution which has been formed by California. Not only did they not have the political power to perform any of the functions of government, but there was not a sufficient resident population in that country, to entitle them to admis sion into the Union. Their admission, therefore, with a constitution excluding the South from her bor ders, is a violation of the right of the South to an equal participation in the Territories. This is one vi olation of the constitution. In the second place, this right is violated by the refusal in the Bill to remove those restrictions which effectually preclude the South from a share of Utah and New Mexico. It is said that the laws of Mexico prohibiting slavery, still exist in those Territories. If they do, they certainly prevent the South from an equal participation in them, and of course, therefore, are violative of that princi ple of the constitution, which secures that right of participation. These laws can not exist cx proprio vigore , and if they are in force, it must he merely by the sufferance of this government. That sufferance is as much violative of the constitution as would be a positive enactment of Congress tantamount to its pro visions. This, then, is violation number two. In the third place, the Clay compromise abolishes the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and so far violates tbe constitutional rights of the South. The right of Congress to legislate on this point, is derived from that clause of the constitution which gives to it, ex clusive jurisdiction of the District. But the same reasoning which would dedube from that clause the power in question, would, with equal force, imply the right to abolish slavery itself. If one is constitution al, the other is, and c convcrso, if one is not, neither is the other. This, then, is violation number three. Looking, therefore, to this view of the question, we see that the advantage is altogether oil the side of the Missouri compromise. Compared with a view to their results, respectively, upon the interests of the South, the conclusion is more decidedly against the Committee compromise. By its provisions, California is admitted with a constitution excluding us entirely from her limits. The Missouri compromise excludes us front all territory North of that line, and admits us South ot it. So far the advantage is on the side of the latter. But it is said that the effect of divi ding California by this line will be to make two, in stead oi one free State. We refer to the debates in the convention which framed the constitution of Cali fornia, tor proof that all the delegates in that conven tion South ot the line of 30 30, were opposed to the formation of a State government excluding slavery, and for the additional proof that so great were the inducements to slave immigration into that country, that they were driven to the necessity of actually pro hibiting its introduction. There is no evidence that slavery would not go to California were it allowed by law, hut on the other hand, there is every reason for believing that it would. No country in the world is so finely adapted to that sort of labor. In the next place, the Clay compromise provides Territorial governments for Utah and New Mexico, and the Missouri compromise divides them between the North and the South. In this particular, the ad vantages for the Soutli are equally in favor of the lat ter. Mr. Clay himself, the originator of the commit tee's scheme, and many others, hold to the doctrine that the laws of Mexico, abolishing slavery, are still in force in these Territories. Whether this doctrine be true or false, its prevalence will act as a complete barrier to emigration from the South. Men will not carry their slave property thither, under the appre hensions excited by this doctrine. It was so in Cali fornia, and it would be so in Utah and Now Mexico. 1 heir formation into Territorial governments, there fore, without the removal of these restrictions, would as effectually exclude slavery, as would the Wilmot Proviso. On the other hand, the compro mise, while it would in express terms exclude slavery from some portions of these Territories, wouhl in equally explicit terms, aeimit it into other portions of them. Thirdly, the Clay compromise abolishes the slave trade in the District, and the Missouri plan does not. Here, of course, the advantage to the South is in favor of the latter policy. In the fourth place, the Clay compromise robs Texas of a large portion of her territory now slave, and makes it free. The Missou ri compromise leaves all that country subject to the terms of its annexation. In this respeet, the latter is better for the interests of the South. Whether we look, therefore, to our rights under the constitution, or to our interests as effected by the plan of adjustment, our conclusions are alike in favor of the old Missouri compromise. In respect to the former view, we have seen that neither can lay claim to a strict observance of tlie constitution, but of the two, the compromise of the committee is mest obnox ious to the charge of a violation of its provisions. Viewed with reference to the interests of the Soutli, we have seen that the preponderance of argument is altogether in favor of the Missouri line. Between the two, then, can the South long debate, in the choiee. The Glorious Fourth. The celebration last Thursday, was the most bril liant which we have ever seen in this city. The notes of preparation for several days previous had ex cited general expectation, and every body awoke in better mood that morning, in anticipation of the pro mised entertainment. Nature, too, seemed to share in the disposition to commemorate in a manner wor thy of tKe occasion, the glorious anniversary of our national independence. At sunrise, the booming cannon announced in thirteen thundering cheers, that the ceremonies had begun. The order of the day was a temperance celebration in the forenoon and the military celebration after dinner. At 10, A. M., the Sons formed in procession at their Division Room in the following order : Music. Cadets of Temperance, Girard Division S. of TANARUS., Orion Division S. of TANARUS., Bald Hill Division S. of TANARUS., Chattahoochee Division S. of TANARUS., Muscogee Division S. of TANARUS., Visiting Brethren, Members of Grand Division S. of T. The procession marched down Eroa.l street to Thomas street, through Thomas street to Oglethorpe street, and up Oglethorpe to the Oglethorpe House, where the orator, Hon. Jas. E. Belser, was receiv ed, and thence to the new Temperance llall. The spectacle which this procession presented was well calculated to eliecr the heart of the philanthropist. There were upwards of three hundred members, em bracing the youth just ripening into manhood, and the gray-lieaded veteran of three score, all enlisted in a war of extermination, upon the evil of intemperance. The order of exercises at the llall were : Prayer by Rev. Dr. Pierce, Song by the Glee Club, Oration by Hon. Jas. E. Belser, Song by the Glee Club, Address by Rev. Mr. Dawson, Song by the Glee Club, Benediction by Rev. Mr. King. Os the merits of Mr. Reiser’s oration, we can not too highly speak. His sole design seemed, to do good, and the effort was a most happy one. No (lowers of rhetoric, no attempts at display, no appeals to passion, were used, but the whole speech beamed with truth, most eloquently enforced. The people of Columbus have fully realised their preconceived opin ions of Col. Reiser's eminent ability. AVe must say, however, that the speech was most unconscionably long. Tlie orator seemed to have forgotten in his zeal for temperance in strong drink, that the same virtue might with the same propriety be applied to other things. Those who, like ourself, had the good fortune to be well seated, could very patiently have listened for an hour longer, but the house was densely crowded, and many of the audience doubtless became weary of a speech which all admired. The Rev. Mr. Dawson followed in one of his most felicitous efforts, and when we say this, those who have ever had the pleasure of listening to his burning eloquence on this theme, will know what a treat we enjoyed on this occasion. His speech was very brief and intended as an appeal for help in the completion of the new llall. Its fruits are the best test of his success. Although the Hall was crowded with la dies and persons from a distance, who felt no partic ular interest in the enterprise, the very handsome sum of $1,500 was obtained in a very few moments. Columbus liberality is unparallellcd. The singing of tlie Glee Club was admirable. The songs were ju diciously selected and executed to perfection. The services at the llall being over, the crowd adjourned to the AVare House of Messrs. Ruse, Patten and Brice, where a sumptuous free barbecue had been prepared under the supervision of Col. T. M. Hogan. The Col. doubtless felt amply rewarded for nil his care by the manifest delight with which the assem bled thousands walked into his good things. There were four tables, which together were about eleven hundred feet long, literally groaning witli abundance, and the manner in which they were cleared was a warning to pigs, lambs, kids, chicken-fixens, and flour doings generally. Every body got enough, and every body went away satisfied. So much for the Temperance celebration. The tables were scarcely cleared when tbe drums beat the military to parade. At three o’clock tlie City Light Guard and the Columbus Guards formed in battalion, Capt. Cooper commanding, and marched to the Oild Fellows llall, where they were joined by Muscogee Lodge No. 6, and Chattahoochee Encamp ment No. —. AVe were very much pleased with the appearance of our two spirited military corps. The Guards are out, we see, in new caps and plumes, and are shortly to be uniformed in anew and beautiful dress. The State does not boast of two better com panies, better officered and better drilled, or who would do better service thaw tbe City Light Guard and the Columbus Guards. AVe arc proud of them. Tlie procession marched from tlie Odd Fellows llall to the Temperance Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was read by Seargeant B. B. deGraffenreid, of the Columbus Guards, and the ora tion delivered by Lieut. Alex. C. Morton, of the Light Guard. Mr. Morton’s address was far above the standard of Fourth of July orations. Many parts of it were tlirillingly eloquent, and all of it was good. No; not all. AVe objected to the blind, indiscrimi nate eulogies of the Union. AVe arc proud of this glorious old confederacy af .States, and with the ora tor of the day, would battle for its preservation in a just cause, but for a just cause we would battle too, against it. It is time we should eeaf eto celebrate the Fourth of July, when, in our devotion to the Union, we shall have proved recreant to the spirit, which made that day immortal. When the North shall, like England, have driven us to count the cost of the Union, tiio South may, like tlie thirteen colonies of TG, be forced to sever the political connexion which has hitherto united us. AVith this exception, the ora tion reflected great credit upon the talented young speaker. Altogether, tlie celebration was a grand affair, and one which will not be soon forgotten. The Girard and -Mobile ltail Road. AVe have received a letter from one of the officers of this road, who is now in company with the Engi neer, making the experimental survey through the lower counties of Alabama. He writes from Cone cuh county, and says: “The survey is within ten or twelve miles of this place, and the Engineer finds the route entirely practicable*. Our success has passed our most sanguine expectations, wherever we have attempted to obtain stock. Such is the character of those who have taken stock, that I have been inform ed by those well acquainted through tlie country, that they could not have selected from the tax books of the lower counties of Alabama, men whose integrity and property would augur better for the building of the road ; and when I tell you that almost every man of wealth in Butler county has taken stock,, and that we find the same spirit pervading the people of Cone cuh and Monroe, you have our chances of success. The grading from Girard to the east line of Conecuh county has been taken, besides a large amount of cash and subscription for superstructure. If this county does not fall short, much of the stock being taken, we will be able to begin the location of tlie road immediately.” This is indeed cheering intelli gence to the friends of this enterprise. The people living on the line of this road, are alive to an enlight ened view of their interests. AVhat they have put in this enterprise, will pay them well as an investment, but it will be in the improved value of their lands, and in the conveniences wlfieh the road will ensure them, that they will receive the principal remuneration. There is on the contemplated route, a large section of country admirably adapted Jo the cultivation of cotton, and abounding in mineral as well as agricultural re sources, which has hitherto been unnoticed because there has been no means of transportation to market. All this wealth is now to be developed, and the day is not distant when along the line of this road will be found one of the wealthiest communities of planters in the Southern country. THE PEOPLE -MOVING. A real mass meeting of the friends of the Missouri Compromise, was held in Macon Ga. on the evening of the sth inst. Judge Colquitt was present and de livered an address in his own unrivaled style of elo quence. AVe the following frem the string of Resolutions unanimously adopted by the meeting : 1. Resolved, That we heartily approve of the Ad* dress and Resolutions of tlie Nashville Convention; and with the whole South, will be ready to maintain them “at all hazards and to tbe last extremity.” 2. Resolved, That we see in the scheme of the Com mittee of Thirteen, commonly called “Clay’s Compro mise,” so much to condemn, that we consider it an insult to call eueli propositions an offer of compro mise. 3. Resolved, That the Missouri Line was adopted upon the solemnly pledged faith of the North, acqui esced in for thirty years, acknowledged and acted upon by the South in good faith on the admission of Texas, and the establishment of the Oregon Territories, and it is a gross breach of faith, and a violation of justice on the part of the North, to repudiate it now, and de prive the Southern people of its benefits in the first in stance in which it could operate in their favor. 4. Resolved , That unless justice be done tlie South, our Senators and Representatives will be justified in refusing to vote supplies to a government which is no longer worthy of the confidence of the Southern peo ple, because it has proved either incapable or unwilling to perform its obligations equally to all the States, and every section of the Union. 5. Resolved, That until the slavery question is set tled, we repudiate all former political distinctions, and desire to meet all Southern men as brothers on the Southern platform. At a meeting of the citizens of the Upson County* held at Thomaston on the 6th inst. the following a inong other resolutions, were unanimously adopted: Resolved, That the meeting cordially approve and sustain t|ie Address and Resolutions of the Nashville Convention. Resolved, That the Bill and Reports of the Commit tee of Thirteen is no compromise whatever, but a total surrender of Southern rights and honor. Resolved, That if Congress can forbid, it can es tablish slavery. That we are willing to divide tire, territories, leaving all north of 36 30 free, all south | slave territory, and shaking bauds with the North over some such Compromise, we will never be driven from it except try force. Avery large meeting of the citizens of 1 laneock county, without distinction of party, was held at the Court House on the 4th inst. AVe make the following extract from an able report which was unanimously adopted by the meeting : Wo further declare, however, that to quiet the present disastrous agitation, and alone for the sake of preserving the Union, we would consent to be excluded from that portion of the territory which lies north of the parallel of thirty-six (36) degrees and thirty (30) minutes north latitude, but that in making this concession, vve at the same time demand of those to whom we make it, the gnarantieofthe uninterrupted enjoyment of the territory south of that line. AVe further declare, that we are opposed to any adjustment of this controversy than that above specified, except it be upon some plan not yet suggested, founded upon the perfect political equality of the sections—that we ought not to submit io any other adjustment, and that so far as our co-operation with the people of the South will effect the object, we will not sub rnit to any other—and Ibis declaration is made with the lull and cheerful determination to abide by all the consequences which result from a firm and unyielding adherence to it. AA'e publish in another place the proceedings of similar meetings in this county, in Meriwether, and in Decatur counties. The ball is in motion. AA'e hope to see it roll through every county in Georgia, and through every county in the South. AVe know that if the people of the South have the will, they’ have the power, to settle these distracting issues on their own terms. Let us have no surrender, and no disunion. AVe may preserve our honor, and in so doing pre serve the Union; we certainly never can secure the latter, atthe expense of the former. CO-ME ONE ! COME ALL!! From the call in another column, it will be seen the people of Muscogee without distinction of party, are invited to a Free Barbecue in this city, on Tues iAy next, the 16th inst. The object of tlie meeting, as expressed in the invitation, is a full discussion of the matters in issue between the North and the South. Let the man who feels no interest in these matters stay at home, and let his absence be a test of his in diflerenee, but every citizen of Muscogee (and of {lie adjoining counties too,) who has marked the indica tions of the times, and who has seen in those indica tions any thing to excite the apprehensions of Southern men, is expected to be present on that occasion, to confer with his fellow citizens on the magnitude of the crisis, and the proper remedies for it. AY’c shall have speeches from our most eloquent men, smiles from our most lovely women, and good things from our best stored larders. The day has arrived when Southern men can no longer sit quietly in their homes, in silent observation of the gathering storm; they must come to-gether, with warm hearts, clear heads and ready hands, to deliberate , *ro devise, and TO ACT. Every hour of inactivity on our part but in creases the danger of ruin. Let us stir ourselves while there is yet hope. [YANKEE CORRESro.NDENCE.] Boston, June 30, 1850. Reported Confession of Professor Webster—The Weather and the Bills of Mortality—Legisla ture of Maine—Rochester Knockings — Railroad, Celebration at Burlington — Mr. Soule — Mr. Webster — Paine's Hydrogen Light — Morse's Patent — House's Printing Telegraph, <£<-. It was generally reported in this city, yesterday, that Professor Webster had written a letter to Gov ernor Briggs, in Council, confessing that lie killed Dr. Park man, but denying that the act was murder. The letter, it is stated, does not give any particulars of the transaction, such as would show provocation and extenuate the deadly deed. The Professor prays that his sentence maybe commuted to imprisonment. The only chance of commutation would lie in tlie con fession ; but whether this lias been explicit enough to make a favorable impression, is uncertain. Tlie general opinion here, is, that AVebstcr must suffer. If he has made the admission, as reported, it will on ly prove that his conduct and words on his trial were full of the most profound duplicity—a characteristic which need not and does not always accompany the guilt of a man who ha3 suddenly taken the life of an other. If the statements concerning his own family be correct, (to wit: that they believe in his perfect innocence,) suc-h a confession would come upon them with the most crushing surprise. Their situation has elicited the strongest feeling of public pity and sym pathy. This is a very healthy summer in this city. AA'e have had much more Tain than occurred last year ; the winds have not been so much from the dreaded East, and the temperature of the atmosphere has been much more cool and pleasant. Last week only fifty-five died here ; forty-seven less than during the same period last year. Cases of fever, dysentery, and diarrhoea, arc rare. The oldest person who died last week was one wlio was born when George the Third was eight years old, and the youngest had liv ed but one day. Twenty-two of the deaths were of children under five years of age. A good many of these innocents are foreigners, or having foreign pa rents, who forget that this climate is not so moist and moderate as those they have been accustomed to. The legislature of Main has made several imper fect attempts to elect a U. S. Senator, and has post poned all further action to 23d July. They passed a couple of resolutions to the effect that California should be admitted unconditionally and New Mexico and Utah should receive territorial governments with the Proviso. The Rochester Knockings continue in the city of New York. It is generally believed that the Fox family make their own noises; but how is not discov ered, as yet. The other day, in consequence of the prevailing perplexitity, a body of ladies who could tol erate a condition of baffled curiosity no longer, went to the hotel of the “knocking family,” and announced themselves as come to perform a very decided but indispensable duty. It was said the noises were made by mechanism under the clothes of the sisters, and they, the lady visitors, came to hand the other ladies out of their wardrobes—to strip them, in fact, and then look out for knocks! And they did. The seeresses were peeled, and the experiments recom menced. But strange to say, the knockings were heard as before! “I do not know how the trutli mav be; I tell the tale as ’twas told to me.” A great “Railroad Celebration” took place at Bur lington, in the State of Vermont, a few days ago. Burlington is on the shore of Lake Champlain, near the Canadian frontier. A great number of capital ists and notabilities from Boston and many other parts of New England, steamed up to the city and dined together under a large tent. Twenty or thirty editors of various Yankee newspapers, also attended, and many were the congratulations on the opening of the markets of the East, West, North and South, to the people of Vermont. Two hundred and eighty miles have been completed within her limits, and one hundred and seventy more will be completed this year. Your great Southern Senator, Mr. Soule, is rising into great consideration and celebrity, in such a short time, too. lie has all the ccltic vivacity and power of his birth-place about him. The Washington corres pondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, thus speaks of him: “A medium sized, though rather slight figure —prominent features, said to very much resem ble the Emperor Napoleon—piercing black eyes —long black hair, thrown back from his face— dark complexion—a most energetic and empas sioned manner—deep sonorous tones, with great flexibility of voice, and at times sweetly modulated—a strong French accent and rather broken pronunciation—picture all these, and you may have some faint idea of the orator who has for two days past addressed the Senate: In his native tongue, his eloquence must be al most irresistible; and I can readily believe in the great success which it is said lie has achiev ed in his practice at the Louisiana bar. 1 have heard it stated that out of some hundreds of criminal cases in which he appeared for the de fence, but four or five convictions were had—a most remarkable and almost unprecedented in stance of success.” Daniel Webster has been recently receiving the approbation and encouragement of a great- body of the most influential citizens of New York, on the ef forts he has been making to promote conciliatory measures and maintain the Union interest. His re ply is as fervent as that which called it forth. He says the letter lias been received and read, with very strongly excited feelings. I hope his efforts will not be relaxed, “Till danger’s threatening Night be part, And the star of Peace return,” to the distracted counsels of our Congress. This theme of slavery is a terribly absorbing one, but I must not say a word about it. I will not venture to the edge of it. It is like that “great Serbonian bog,” described by Milton, in which “armies whole have sunk.” I look at the whole thing from a distance, content to say, with Francis the First, looking from his seat into the arena where the lions were ramping and raging, Faith, gentlemen, ’tis letter here than there.” I have told vou of Mr. Paine’s hydro-electric gas. Tli esc Northern Lights arc exciting the minds and attracting the attention of all observers. I hope the whole thing will turnout a true Aurora Borealis after all! Indeed, I think it will. It is true Mr. Paine lias a great many impugners, who doubt and decry his pretension. But one satisfactory thing is, that the means they take to throw discouragement upon him, appear to corroborate the theory of turning water into fire. This hostile discussion shows that the thing is not an experiment, but a sact —that the turning of water into inflammable gas, or hydrogen, is an old scientific truth, or one put forward at this time, by others than Paine, of Worcester. They show that M. Pixii, a native of Paris, performed tliis very achievement, over eighteen years ago, and it is true that his experiments have been repeated several times since. In Laneanshire, in England, a magnet ic apparatus (such as Mr. Paine professes to use.) lias been employed for a year in the Basford Iron Works, producing hydrogen from water. The gas is carbu rettod by spirits of turpentine, and furnishes an excel lent light for the establishment. In this very year, 1850, Mr. Gillard, another Parisian, has got a patent for machinery which does the same thing, by means of several magnets in action and layers of coal, which produce carbonic acid. He has two modes, both of which are successful. Another chemist in this city of Boston, produces light from water, by the help of sulphuric acid. All these things are put forward to depreciate Paine’s claim of originality. But they affect the public differently. We, the oi poiloi. see that whether Paine shall consummate the invention, and its general practice, or not, the world will not be long without its serviceable hydrogen, which is des tined, in a short time, to do the business of coal, tim ber, lamp-oil, camphene, &e., in so general and cheap a manner as to change the character of society. Both in England, Franco, and America, water is turned into fire, by the assistance of spirits of turpen tine, which carburets the inflammable hydrogen. The only difficulty to be overcome is that of adapting to the production of hydrogen light, an apparatus capa ble of generating it in sufficient quantities, and inex pensively. In spite of doubts and ridicule, Mr. Paine insists that lie lias such an apparatus, and offers to light the Astor House in New York, claiming a mil lion of dollars, on the successful completion of his contract. There is some difficulty about tliis part of the business, and I don't exactly sec how it will end. Mr. Paine’s house at Worcester is visited, day and night, by hundreds of the curious or the learned who sec and admire his beautiful light, but are not initia ted into the mystery of the generation of it. The chemists stand over the little box in which he has his apparatus, and not being able to see through it, they say there must be something strange in it—there must be some humbug in it! So the matter stands. All that seems clear to the public, is, that a great dis covery is on the jH)int of being perfected : it is agita ting the minds of the people of France and of ling land, as well as our States. For our part we find ourselves shouting reverently, but cheerily, “Fiat Lux ! Fiat Lux !” Let us have the light! If we arc not to have it through this Worcester Paine, let us have it, through any pane at all! For some time past another scientific matter lias been under discussion here, to wit: the rival claims of House's Printing Telegraph and Morse’s patent. The ease has been argued, at great length, in our U. S. Circuit Court. F. O. J. Smith opened the ease on His own behalf, and was sustained by B. R. Curtis. Messrs. Woodbury, Choate, and Gifford, have spo ken for the defendants. It was prayed, on Mr. Morse’s behalf, that the House patent, by which Tel egraph intelligence is printed , may be destroyed, as an infringement on Morse’s patent, under which tele graphic intelligence is conveyed by marks or dots. “All the scientific witnesses seem to agree that there is nothing whatever in it original with Morse except the fixation of the alphabet of marks and dots, and they all testify that House, in his Printing Telegraph, has noth ing in common with it except the electro magnetic prin ciples, which were older than -Morse, and public proper ty. They all testify—and among them are such men as Prof. Henry, Dr. Jackson, Dr. William F. Channing, Prol. Renwick. Prof. Oliver Byrne, Mr. Borden, Mr. Hibbard, Mr. Eddy, Gen. Harvey, <fcc., &.c.—that Mr. House has produced an entirely different machine, ap plying the electro-magnetic principle in a different man ner, and producing a much more pc rice t result. He, in fact, prints in Boston the message which is delivered to turn in New York, letter by letter, in good, plain, Ro man capitals, and does it with a greater rapidity than Morse can write it in cypher.” The opinion of the public is in favor of the defen dants. and leans against the claims of the Morse pat ent. The art of telegraphing was practiced since 1833. Morse only invented the recording marks or dots. House invented the printing apparatus. Both made their improvements on a prior discovery. The claim, therefore, of Morse to stand between the American public and all future improvements in the Electric Telegraph, is not a valid one, and must go to the ground. No monopolies of science can be tol erated. YANKEE DOODLE. [new YORK CORRESPONDENCE.] New York as it is—City Orders — Panic's “Gas'’ —Arrival of Dempster —Fishing Banks and Pol ities—Willis and Forrest —Fall of Table Rock, Niagara—Literary Intelligence —ts-e. New York, July 1, ISSO. An old lady, some years since, on a visit to our city, being asked how she liked its appearance, an swered, that she hardly knew—she eould’nt see much of New York, on account of the houses. If this rev erend dame were now a second time to visit the great metropolis, her surprise would certainly assume a still livelier form. Bricks and mortar have been podue iug marked metamorphosis in Gotham during the past two years. Old piteli-roofed, garret-windowed, Kniekorboeker-built houses, have gradually given way and yielded the stage to more modern and tonnish flat-roofed domiciles with the inward accompaniments and comforts of bath rooms and Croton water. Not on ly this, but vacant lots, particularly in the upper part of the city, have been covered with a mushroom growth of houses, and been converted into “squares,” “terraces,” and “places.” Amazed, indeed, would one of those respectable gentlemen in tights be, who fifty years ago took their evening walks, and smoked their placid pipes amid lawns, fields, meadows, and gardens, to behold on the very spot this half century’s growth of brick walls. Our city my now be said to bo densely built from the Battery to 35th street, a distance of more than four miles. Beyond this, the residences are numerous though not crowded ; and there is no doubt that, in a few years New York will extend in one unbroken line of nine miles to Ilarlaem. The condition of our great city is now, in all res pects, above the average. The records of the City Inspector show that it ts unusually healthly for the season ; and the streets are cleaner than I have known them for years. The most disagreeable thing just now about N. Y. is the unmitigated, rascally, odor proceeding from the blossoms of the Ailonthus trees, w hieli are scattered in such numbers through our streets. Let me warn you and your readers, Mr. Editor, to have nothing to do with this shade tree, now become so popular. During the whole blossoming season, of three weeks or more, the air is filled with this poisonous and most disagreeable odor. You have no doubt heard of the great discovery claimed to have been made by Mr. Paine, of Worces ter Mass.; of being able, by a simple and (inexpen sive process, to elicit light and heat from water (bad fellow that to make light of water—he’d better join the Temperance Society.) A committee was appoint ed to investigate his pretensions, consisting among others, of Prof. Torrey, M. D., Dr. Chilton, onr best chemist, and Chas. Roome, engineer of the Manhat tan Gas Works, of this city. This Committee have partially reported, i. e., as far as the facts are concern ed, their own conclusions they have not yet given.— Fiom the report it would seem that ihe test was by no means satisfactory; there was evident deception and a desire to show as little as possible. The Com mittee say that the gas was hydrogen only, and not earburetted hydrogen, and that it is, therefore, unfit for illumination. Iliad expected to forswear oil and camphene forever ; and instead of filling my cellar’ with anthracite, warming my toes, next winter, over a pail of Croton. Alas ! sic transit gloria mundil Mr. Dempster, the excellent vocalist, arrived in this city on Saturd.-y last, by the steamer City of Glosgow, after a successful profcsnionol tour through Scot laud. Ho was received there with most enthusi astic applause. Our citizens have a while back very sensibly for saken their Ledgers for a season, to enjoy the cool breeze of the Bay, and some fine sport at the Fishing Banks. Porgies and bass are being caught there in great numbers. On the return of the Buffalo, one day last week, the passengers waxed patriotic, and, electing a chairman and secretary, proceeded to con sider tlie case of the American citizens confined in Havana. Resolutions were passed, expressing disap probation of tlie course pursued by Government, and requesting them to demand the immediate surrender of the prisoners. 1 mention this because it is indica tive of the feeling which every where prevails. The excitement lias, indeed, parsed over, and the warm weather rather operates as a damper to any renewal of it ; yet the people arc universally indignant that U. S. citizens, on their way to Chagres and N. 0., and not implicated at all in the Cuba affair, (if their statements be true) should be treated with such indig nity. “Willis lias commenced suit against Forrest, for $ 10,000 damages. This is a very fair price for a can ing, and it looks as if lie would seek no further “sat isfaction.” This morning’s Sun contains a talegraphic despatch, dated Saturday, to tlic effect that Table Rock at Ni agara Falls has given way, and fallen with a tremen dous crash, and that six persons saved their lives only by leaping from a carriage. This is wonderful if true” ; but as the Sun not unfrequently produces mirage and other deceptive appearances, we shall be excused for disbelieving the story, until it is endorsed by some oth re authority. Our publishers arc enjoying a summer of “otium cum dignitate ,” and there is consequently a complete dearth of new hooks. Nevertheless I have been able to procure some little information for your readers res pecting authors and books. Dr. Hawk’s has been for some time engaged, with all his acuteness of intellect, and untiring research, on a work illustrative of our early Colonial History.— Those who have seen it express the highest opinion of its merits ; it is to he published in the Fall. Alice and Phebe Carey, whose names have within a few years become identified with western Poetry, even outshining in lustre that of our favorite “Amelia,” M rs. Wclby, are now making a visit to New York, ami are expected to spend the summer in the pleasant resorts in our vicinity. It is gratifying to sec that English publishers are beginning to appreciate Amer ican genius. Bayard Taylor’s “El Dorado” has been republished by both Bohn and Bentley and has been everywhere well received. Bentley has also issued Bryant s “Letters of a 1 ravoller” • he has, moreover, published two original works from American authors —Alfred B. Street’s “Life iti the Forest and the frontier,” and “Rural Hours in the U. 5.,” by a daughter of James Feniinore Cooper.—Ralph Waldo Emerson has been refreshing his metaphysics in the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, and is now sailing up the Mississippi,on a visit to the Falls of St. Anthony. Margaret Fuller, now Signora Ossoli, who lias east such light on the world through the columns of the Tribune, was at Gibraltar on the Ist ult., in quaran tine. She is expected here about the twentieth. 1 am sure this letter can’t be dry; I’rn perspiring at every pore. The weather’s in earnest this time. r. q. Lumtkin July 4th, 1850. To the Editors of the Columbus Times, Enquirer and Sentinel. Gentlemen : The following Resolutions were unan imously passed at a public meeting of the citizens of this county, without distinction of parties held in Lumpkin on the 2nd inst. Resolved 1, That the citizens of Stewart county ir respective of party be requested to meet in Lumpkin on the First Tuesday in August next for the pur pose of conferring together relative to the course pro posed by the Nashville Convention. And the policy of the Southern States. Resolved 2, That the above Resolutions be publish ed in the Columbus papers. ‘V illard Boynton Chairman. D B. T Carrell Secretary. Pkof. Webster.— We publish to-day the con fession of this unfortunate man, of the killing ol Dr. Parkman. We are scarcely more certain now, than we were before of the fact, but the con. session has placed the affair in a light altogether different from that in which wc had before re garded it. Wc think the circumstances, as re lated, are true, and disprove any thing like pre. meditation. If so, an essential element of mur der is wanting, and wc hope the Governor op Massachusetts may be induced to commute his punishment. In giving place to the following, we are pleas ed to state that the writer, in a private note, pays a just compliment to many in the Southern States from the North, who are true to their adopted section: Messrs. Editors: Your last nnmber remind ed me of what I have intended doing for some time. Would it not be right for the public to know who are managing the Southern news papers? I don’t mean to give their names, these wc can see every week if we choose —but I mean where they were born, or educated, or both if they please. Perhaps some would say— and where were you born ? Poudly, I say in a Fort where my Father and his neghbors de-* fended themselves against the Indians, as he had done his country against the British and Tories. I think it proper that we should know where their relatives live—whether on this or the other side of Mason and Dixon’s line—and it it were to come to the test, to which side would they ad here, North or South ? I fear sirs, if you should let these questions appear in your paper, we would have some kicking and floundering, in stead of plain catagorical answers, or some might pass it over with pretended dignified silence— “ Straws will show which way the wind blows.” A Georgian. Mr. Editor.— l have cut the foregoing para graph from the Weekly Republic, and desire you to publish it. I have been opposed to making enquiries into the birth’ place of any ofourcit zens, or to the attempt to create or excite preju dices on that account, and should continue to be so if the signs of the times did not admonish us that education and early conceived prejudices have their influence against us in a most im portant domestic institution. It is within the re collection of many ofour citizens that a talented Minister of the Gospel abandoned his charge and and left this city before lie would consent, at the earnest request of his flock, to maintain a respectful silence on the subject of slave ry. lie has since been preaching Abolition ism in the Northern States. And more recently an editor of a leading paper in this State, covert ly and insidiously promulgated his Abolition feelings and sentiments to the great injury of the party to which he was attached, as well as to the injury of the State. 1 hold then that the enquiry proposed is a proper one. Let us know where the editors and those controlling the public press of Georgia were born and educated, and we may perhaps be better able to determine what degree of in fluence should bo given to their opinions. May I be pardoned for making another sug gestion. The education of our children is a very important matter, and we all know the influenc e of early impressions. Is there, Mr. Editor, as much circumspection used by Southern parents in the selection of Teachers as the import of the times require? It cannot be said now as it was formerly, that we cannot obtain*the services of Southern men in our schools and academies.— The multiplication of colleges and high schools in Georgia, is annually turning out great numbers of talented young men, who will be glad to br come teachers; and yet it is as true as it is mor. tifying, that a stranger, about whose family, qual ifications, feelings, principles or habits, we know nothing, hut of whose brass there can be no doubt, will be patronized by our generous and unthinking parents, in preference to those who have been born and raised among us. I say it is time to make these enquiries, and to act upon them. BULLOCH. The Confession ot Professor Webster, of the Murder of Dr. Parkman. The Rev. Mr. Putnam, Dr. Websters spiritual adviser, read the following paper before the Gov ernor and Council of Massachusetts on the 2d. Inst. On Tuesday, 20th November, I sent the note to Dr. Parkman, which, it appears, was carried by the boy, Maxwell. I handed it to Littlefield unsealed. It was to ask Dr. Parkman to call at my rooms, on Friday, the 23d, after my lecture. He had become, oflate, very importunate for his pay. He had threatened me with a suit; to put an officer in my house, and to drive me from my professorship, it I did not pay him. The pur ports’my note was simply to ask the confer ence. I did not tell him, in it, what I could do or what I had to say about the payment. I wish, ed to gain, for those few days, a release from his solicitations, to which I was liable every day, on occasions, and in a manner very disagreeable and alarming, and also to avert for so long a time, at least, the fulfillment of recent threats of severe measures. I did not expect to be able to pay him when Friday should arrive. My pur pose was, if he should accede to the proposed interview, to state to him my embarrassments and utter inability to pay him at present—to apologise for those things in my conduct which had offended him—to throw myself upon his mercy—to beg for further time and indulgence, for the sake of my family, if not for myself, and and to make as good promises to him as I could have any hope ol keeping. I did not hear from him on that day, nor the next, (Wednesday,) but I found on Thursday he had been abroad in pur suit of me, without finding me. I imagined he had forgotten the appointment, or else, did not mean to wait for it. I feared he would corne in upon me at my lecture hour, or while I was preparing my experiments for it; therefore, I called at his house on that morning, (Friday,) between eight and nine o’clock, to remind him ot my wish to see him at the College, at half-past one—iny lectures closing at one. I did not stop to talk with him, for I expected the conversa tion would be a long one, and I had my lecture to prepare for, and it was necessary for me to have my time, and, also, to keep my mind freo from other exciting matters. Dr. Parkman agreed to call on me as I proposed. He came* accordingly between half past one and two o’clock,entering at the lecture room door. I was engaged in removing some glasses from my room table, into the room in the rear, called the upper laboratory. He came rapidly down the step, and followed me into the laboratory. Ho immediately addressed me with great energy— “ Are you ready for me, sir ? Have you got the money?” I replied, “NoDr. Parkman;” and I was then beginning to state my condition, and my appeal to him, but he would not listen tome, and interrupted me with much vehemence. He called me a scoundrel and a liar, and went on heaping on me the most bitter taunts and op probrious epithets. While he was speaking, lie drew a handful of papers from his pocket, and took from among them my two notes, and also an old letter from Dr. Hossack, written many years ago congratulating him on his success in getting me appointed Professor o f Chemistry. “You see,” said he, “I got you into your office, and now I will get you out ol it.” He put back into his pocket all the papers except the letter and the notes. I cannot tell how long the tor rent of threats and invectives continued, and I cannot recall to memory but a small portion of what he said ; at first, I kept interposing, trying to pacify him, so that I might obtain the object for which I sought the interview, but I could not stop him, and soon my own temper was up ; 1 forgot everything, and felt nothing but the sting of his words. Iv. as excited to the highest de, gree oi passion, P.nd while he was speaking aud