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SOUTHERN SENTINEL. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA: / THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 18* 1850. Our Hook Table. i Hunt’s Merchants Magasne.— The contents of the July No. are as follows: I. The Gold Mines of California. 11. The Opium trade as carried on between India* and China, including a sketch of its history, extent, of- 3 foots, See. J 111. Commercial cities and towns of the U plates. —5 No. 21, Baltimore. IV. Interest of money. F V. The Coflee trade. Production and consumption! of Codec in 1850. VI. James Tatlmade, L. L. D, President of the! American Institute, (with a portrait.) VII. The Code3 of procedure, Civil and Criminal, in* the State of New York. VIII. Free Trade vs. Protective Tariffs The usual Departments of Mercantile Law, Com-1 mcrcc, Banking, Rail Roads and Manufactures, make] op the number 114 pages. Awful Frac in Brooklyn.—By the N. Y. Herald] ot the Btli inst., we have accounts of the most destruc-l five fire that has occurred for years past, either in tha t| city or Nevv York. Two entire blocks of buildings! stored with valuable goods were destroyed and the loss! ts estimated at §1,000,000. 5 Among the articles burnt, were large quantities of j Saltpetre, each bag or cask exploding in turn, like the, report of a cannon, and settling the problem that both-! ered the ehemisU so much, at the great fire in 1815, in! the city of New York. Mr. Stephens’ Letter.— We publish in another! column tho patriotic letter of this gentleman to the] National Intelligencer. The outrage upon the rights! of Texas and of the whole South, is not to be passed: over in silence. There will be a universal approba-j ton of Mr. Stephens’ sentiments, whenever such a! cool, premeditated wrong shall be perpetrated as that] alluded to in his letter. Fine Fruit.— Our friend awl countryman, Mr. C.l P. Dean, has complimented us with a basket of] Apples that will do to brag on. We could but think, in view of the perfection of this fruit, of the folly of j ever importing an Apple into Georgia. We are not] sufficiently versed in hoineculture, to know whether there is want of adaptation in our soil or climate, to the] growth of this delicious fruit, but judging from the] evidences before us, we should say there was no] part of the country, where they could be raised with more success. i (LT There is a gentleman who is occasionally to be] seen at tho Oglethorpe corner, who informed us yes-] terday, that, in his private opinion, the next most ini portnnt thing to be attended to, after having saved the Union, is for all hands to save their RAGS. He is believed by some to have something to do with a Ta per Factory. [LT A word to the “Chronicle and Sentinel,” in our next. Southern Independence. —We should not trust alone to legislation, for security to our interests in the controversy between the North and South. The eloquence and determined spirit of those whom we have eliosen to represent us in the councils of the nation must fall powerless before the advancing de tnands trf the North, unless they are backed by the words and actions of their constituents, In this way our primary meetings, though they stop with mere resolutions , are productive of much good to our cause; but they should not stop there. YY'e should net, its well as resolve. It will do no harm to declare and to reiterate our rights, and our determination to maintain them, but the rights of tho South,have not been ignorantly assailed. The North knows, as well] :is we do, what we are entitled to under the Consti tution, and the depredations front which we have suffered, have been the fruits of willful determina tion to ride over us so long its the operation can be] carried on with impunity. The wrongs of the South have been, and will continue to be, in exact proportion to her submission. They may be terminated when ever we manifest a spirit of resistance. And it is a great mistake to suppose that resistance must ne-1 eessarily be with tho sword. We may bring the North into terms without recourse to violence. Let us stay at home, and trade at home, and we shall soon see tho ltalls of our national legislature filled! with men who arc disposed to do us justice. Why] should our pleasure hunters spend their money in] search of it in Northern cities, and at Northern wa tering places ? Why should our merchants be com-] polled to lay in their annual supplies at New Y~ork] and Boston. Let the former spend, the jwltryj months of summer at some of our delightful watering places, and let the latter purchase their supplies at Charleston, Savannah and New Orleans. It may be that these markets do not now afford sufficient sup put's to meet our demands, but when the Southern trade is once diverted to these {joints, how long will it] be before they become the depots of a commerce as] extensive as tho wants of the South would require. * apital will always follow trade, and so soon as it may be more profitably employed at these places than at others, it will flow there and immediately establish a direct importing trade with the markets of the world. We have now but few importers and but lit tle capital in our Southern ports, but these will as readily be commanded by the necessities of trade, as our streams find outlets to the ocean. In the begin ning, before these facilities were commanded, higher prices would of course have to be paid for goods, but this would not be the ease long, and even while it eon tinned, it would not prove less profitable to the mer chant. Suppose, lor instance, one of tjie large and Msh ion able dry goods houses in this city, should lay in its winter supplies in Charleston or Spvannah, and it should be made known that its stock was purchas ed of Southern importers in a Southern market, even though it was forced to sell at prices ranging above those which could have been afforded had the goods! been purchased in a northern market, we imagine] there A\ould be no tailing oflf in its custom. Indeed] w-e think we might promise to such an establishment, a patronage that would surpass that commanded bv any other house in the city. New Mexico, &c.—-Boundary, In another column will be found extracts from the] constitution of New Mexico, showing what are her views as to slavery, and her modest claims to vthe] property of her neighbors. State-making is easyxjn! these days. This country is no doubt tho go-aheadJ country of alt creation. Pupilage for a Statu, indeed l] Utah will shortly appear along side of New Mexi co we predict, and all three knocking at the door of the Union, will seek to be admitted, claiming all the Territory about which there is so much noise made, and if Mr. Clay’s adjustment j shouid be passed, leaving these territories untouched] as to the slavery question, they will adjust it, sure enough ! There will never be any cause after they get in, to fear the dissolution of the Union, because slavery is excluded from the public lands, for then there would be no more public lands. The Mor-j nions, the Apaches, Camsnehes, etc., will have] stretched the mantle of their sovereignty over all! t hese districts. This is non-intervention by the SWA.] This will be tho result of that cowardly policy that idts still, until it is too late to act \V e nsed to think] <50,000 square miles, about the size of Georgia , made] a right considerable sizeable State, but we are learn-1 ing better now-a-days. According to modern views] nothing short of 150,000 will suit at all. More eon-j ! i acted .limits will not suffice, especially if there are] any points in politics to settle—any great re my re I ses insulting and degrading the South to be got] 2irtHi£h onn , T > *B i FREE BARBECUE ! Missouri Compromise ! Mass Meeting of the People! All Right! ! i In accordance with the call and notiees previous ly given, at an early hour on Tuesday morning, our streets began to be crowded with thousands of people who had come to take counsel together upon the vital question that pervades the country. About 10 o’clock there was assembled in Smith’s Ware House a large mass of the people variously estimated at from 2000 to 3000. All classes and ages of both sexes poured forth to hear the thrilling eloquence that rang through the arches of the large building in defence of Southern rights and Southern honor. Large numbers of ladies from tow n and country graced the meeting with their [presence, and the various speakers received their sweetest applause in the approving smiles of the fair daughters of the South. As one of the speakers said, “when we have the ladies on otir side we are bound |to be right,” aixl there were many true-hearted {Southern matrons present on Tuesday, who had rath mi - see their dearest lying dead at their feet, than to [have them degraded, wronged, insulted oppressed by [the long continued and inereamg aggression of a foe [in or out of the Union. | The meeting was organized by calling Col. Van (Leona rd and J udge Iverson to the chair as President*, land electing Messrs. Archibai.d Kimbrough, Thos. ■ Livingston, John B. Dozier, Ben. Doles, Wh.B. [Roouemore, Robert Carnes, Judge Renfroe, 11. ■King, Wilson Gaudey, Lorenzo Monroe. O. |Sapf, Frank Snead, Silas McGraiiy, James Cook, land Thos. Mottley, as Vice Presidents. ] It is impossible for us to give even a synopsis of the [patriotic speeches delivered. Suffice it to say that ■they all breathed the true sentiment of attachment to ■the Union of the States as long as that Union ob-| ■serves our rights and renders us the protection wej ■ have a right to claim, but resistance “to the last! ■extremity” whenever it is wielded by a ruthless | ■majority of the Northern fanatics to work out ourj Sdisgrace and destruction. 8 Col. Iverson set the ball in motion in his own in-J Simitable style. The South lost nothing in his hands.j I Then came the Hon. G. E. Thomas, who in aj ■speech of some length, entertained the vast crowd] ■with an eloquent and close argument, setting forth in] nil striking and impressive manner his views upon the! ■ wrongs and remedies of the South. ■ Tho following Resolutions were introduced by] ■Judge Thomas, which speak for themselves and need] ■no comment from us : YVe, citizens of Muscogee county, in general] ■ meeting assembled, in view of the distracted ■state of the public mind, the danger which tlireat lens the destruction of the most important rights Sand interests of the Southern States, and the in-] ■tegrity of the Federal Union itself, do hereby de-] ■dare and assert the following principles and ■propositions: I Ist. That the Territories acquired from Mexico ■are, and of right ought to be common soil, open ■equally to the occupancy and en joyment of the ■people of all the States of this Union with their ■property of every description. 9 2d. That the Federal Constitution and the ■laws of the Southern States recognize slaves as ■property, and that any and every act of the ■General Government, whether of commission or] ■omission, by which the Southern, people would ■be shut out from as free and full enjoyment of ■these Territories as their Northern brethren, is la gross violation of our rights, to which the! ■South ought not to submit. 3d. That it was and is the duty of Congress Bto provide Territorial Governments for Califor- Snia, New Mexico and Utah, in such form and ■with such provisions as would secure to the ■South, as well as the North, an unrestrained and ■unrestricted entrance into all of said Territories, Rand the enjoyment of slave property carried in-j Bto the same. | 4th. That the refusal of the last Congress, Bunder the influences of popular sentiment at the] ■North, and resolutions of the Legislatures of the] ■Free States, to provide such Governments, there-j ■by opening the door and inducing the formation io*f State Constitutions prohibiting slavery, first gin California and then in New Mexico, has ope-] grated to exclude the Soutli from all of saidTer-j Britory as effectually as the Wilmot Proviso, and] ■deserves the unqualified condemnation, and] Sought to meet the firm resistance of every South- Jern man. j sth. That we cherish a warm and unaffected ■respect and attachment to the Constitution of Ithe U. S. and the Federal Union, and we are I ready to defend and maintain the same, both ■against Foreign and Domestic aggression, as Siong as the great ends and objects of their forma- Btion are subserved, viz: Equality of burthens, Sand Equality of rights to all sections. | 6th. That to yield to the demands ofthe North iern States, now urged in Congress, to surrender iup to them either in form or substance, the whole ■of the common Territory—to give a portion of ■Texas, now slave Territory, to Free-Soil—and Ito allow Congress to abolish the slave trade in ■the District of Columbia, and to set free all slaves] ■that may be carried into it for sale, (all of which] ■is embraced in and will be effected by the meas-J lure now under discussion in Congress, com-| Imonly called the Clay Compromise Bill,) would] She a dishonorable submission on our part, would] ■invite and encourage further aggressions from] ■them, lead either to a speedy dissolution of the] ■Union, or the total distruction of the institution] ■ofslavery in the Southern States, or to a result] ■still more appalling, a servile war and extermin-] jation ofthe white or black race throughout the] [South. 1 7th. That to avert these calamities—to com-] 1 promise and settle once for all the strife between] |the North and the South, and to perpetuate the] [Federal Union, we are willing to acquiesce] Sir. a division ofthe Territories between the two] sections upon the old Missouri Compromise line] of 36 deg. 30 min. north latitude, with protection] to the enjoyment of our slave property south of] that line—a line, which, although it yields up more than we retain, we are yet willing to adopt] 5 for the sake of peace, but from which we will] never be driven. Bih. That the political questions which have] heretofore divided us sink into insignificance] when compared to the momentous importance] of those which we are now assembled to consid-J er. and that throwing aside all party prejudices] and preferences, we will unite in the maintain-] Bence ofthe principles and positions herein as-] Iserted, “at ail hazards and to the last extremi-j Sty.” 1 Resolved, That this meeting cordially respond] ito the call made by our friends at Macon, for a ■MASS MEETING at that place of the friends ■of the Missouri Compromise line to be held on Ithe 22d of August, and urge the people to attend ■the same en masse. $ Resolved, That a copy of the following Reso- Blutions and other proceedings of the meeting be ■transmitted by the presiding officers to each of ■our Senators and Representatives in Congress. ALFERI) IVERSON, > T ANARUS, VAN LEONARD 1 res |John E. Davis, ) 0 , |a.H. Cooper, { Secretaries. Major John R. Howard, in his terse, strong, eon jvincing style, backed up the Resolutions, showed us Jour rtghts, and encouraged us to stand up for them. | Next came Ramsay, of Harris. We have no words ■to express our approval of the effort of this gentle- Jman. Young as he looks, he has the faculty of talk 3ing to a great many people at once, and holding Btliuin attentive. Would tliat the Soutli had a tbou- Isand Ramsays. His remarks were received with ■continued and prolonged applause, and warmed up ghe people to the true feeling on the subject. He was Jiollowed by Mr. Moses, who kept the crowd until the Jdinner hour in deep attention, and sometimes he had ■them laughing, and sometimes readv to cry, at the, by ■turns, ludicrous and serious pictures he drew of the Joondition and prospects of the South. i J After Mr. Moses concluded, the vote was taken up-l Jon the Resolutions. All present were invited, nayj Jexliorted by the President to vote, and in all that] ■r< crowd there was not one single voice against] S .he Resolutions. They were carried unanimously. 1 J 7he people were, then invited to the dinner, spread! Jin boundless profusion in the Ware House of those! Jpttbiic spirited gentlemen. Messrs. Ruse, Patten <£•■ BriceMo which the crowd repaired. We cannot tooj highly commend the care and forethought of the ac-J five men who prepared such a treat. It was all that* could have been desired. After an intermission of anj hour or two, the meeting, notwithstanding a heavy J shower that fell about that time, again assembled toj hear Col. Cochran, of Eufanla who addressed the* meeting in an eloquent, argument, which he con-J eluded only too soon. The people could not hear tooj much of such a speech, lie is a pillar of srtengtli to the cause. Not tired yet, after supper the meeting again as sembled in Concert Hall, liberally offered for the oc casion, and still the ladies were there, and a large au dience were delighted with the true soul stirring sen timents of Messrs. Pugh, Shorter and Sayre, of Eufanla, and Ingram, of Harris. We have no time to speak of their efforts, even if we had space, nor could we do justice to them, but the meeting did, for ever and anon, they were interrupt ed by irrepressible bursts of applause. Cheer up, Southerner! Tite people are sound. Be not alarmed at the “raw head and bloody bones,” disunion , reared up by a few designing factionists to frighten the people from even a view of their rights,] and of their real danger. The only way to save the! Union is to be united at home ! We say again the! people are sound eminently sound, Muscogee is on] the right side 1 She with her neighbors, has taken! her stand, and will maintain it to the last extremity.] THE NEWADMINISTRA TIO>. I What is it to be ? What will Fillmore do,] and how will the South stand affected by ltisl accession to power ? These are questions of] deep importance, and have naturally been the] first to occur, after the very unexpected news,] of the death of President Taylor. Can the] [South hope anything from the new Execu-j Jtive ? Does any part of his previous public] [life give us the slightest reason to expect that] jhe will be with us upon the one great ques-| [tion that now occupies all minds, and is be-| [ginning to stir all hearts? Would that wej [could answer—yes —While Gen. Taylor liv-J led, the views of the Vice President were of [slignt consequence, now they have great [force, for good or evil. Unfortunately for the [South, his course heretofore is too well known [to authorize us to indulge in any auticipa stions, that we shall be placed in any better [position by his advent to the White House. [He is against us—of this fact, there can be [no doubt. We presume that not even the [strongest of his supporters during the canvass, ■will deny that he is a Wilmot Proviso man, land against what has come to be called the [“ extension of slavery,” but what is in reality! a the recognition of the right of the South, to a [common enjoyment of the common property [ofthe Union. Telegraphic rumours already [inform us, that the new President has declar |ed himself in favor of the Clay—Adjustment |This may be so, and the only reason to doubt Jit, that we can imagine, is, the fact of his hav ing been a member of Gen. Taylor’s adminis tration while his chief was pressing a differ, [ent plan. His concern for the success of the [principles of the late President must have been [weak in the extreme, for we have hardly re’ icovered from the shock ofthe mournful news ■ that seats him in the chair of State, ere we are informed that his choice of measures is al ready announced, the old cabinet broken up,! and anew one chosen, and all upon different] grounds, and for different purposes, from] those that ruled the hour before. This is] quick work. It must remind one of a scene] of Hamlet, where he laments the “incestuous] speed” of his mother to marry with his uncle,] “ Or,ere those shoes were old, In which she followed my dead Fathers’ body to the grave, She marries with my uncle.” This is somewhat more to he remarked, as the] Magnus Apollo of the Adjustment, had open ] ly avowed his hostility to Gen. Taylor and his plan, and thrown his gauntlet in the face.-] of all his allies, supporters and co-workers. It matters but little to the South what may] [be the peculiar views of Mr. Fillmore as to the] \mode in which the thing is to be brought] [about, while we are satisfied that when it is] [done, we shall be plucked as clean as ever [was a pigeon. We shall nevertheless not be [surprised to find certain Southern Presses ad vocating his plan, whatever it may be. They [have been straining at the “Camel” too long, [to mind a “gnat” or tliat may have acciden tally lighted upon his back. The trifling cir- Jcnmstance that the proposed “ adjustment” [is recommended and urged by a Free Soil [and Wilmot-Proviso President, is not to be [considered as of any weight at all, when [thrown into the balance against old party [and personal interests. What has the South [to hope from Fillmore? We ask again [From his own action, Nothing! From his [character, politically—Much! [ General Taylor had made for himself a [strong party, and strong friends. To say [nothing of his earlier exploits, which were [marked by all that can distinguish the gallant [and honorable American soldier, the last [years of his life were crowned with a success, [almost unparalleled in history. His heroic [struggles on the bloody fields of Mexico, and the unbroken series of victories that followed in quick seccession, astonished the world, and won for him not only the fame and glory justly due to the conquering warrior,but fixed him in the hearts of his countrymen. We of the South xvere filled with delight, w-e w-ere proud that he was a Southron, and many men aided in making General Taylor Presi-I dent, who would not have voted for Zachary] Taylor, a mere Whig. These, and thousands of others have clung] to him to the last. Notwithstanding his] course since his election has been such as] they could not approve, the influence of old] party associations, the strength of habit has] still bound them, and they have hoped and be lieved that a Southern President, a slavehold ing President, could never abandon them up on the momentous issue now- before them. But the old hero is gone. His battles are fought, his laurels w-on, his brief day of polit ical excitement and vexation has closed, that |awful “summons he expected” came, his re-[ Jmains are deposited with the honored dead of! [other years, and “another reigns in his stead.’ [ |We have no longer a slaveholding President] jto stand between us, and the law-less frenzy of| [fanaticism, to say to those who have embark-I ed in tho crusade against “our lives, our liber-l pics, and our sacred honors,” “thus far shall yel Igo, and no farther.” We have no more, and probably shall never have, a Southern Presi dent armed with the power given him by the the Constitution to interpose his veto, between the oppressed South and the furious North We have thought for a good w-hile, and w-e be lieve thousands of those who have firmly supported Gen. Taylor on this ground, now think that, unless the South are united togeth er, give up all old party squabbling, and standj firmly shoulder to shoulder in this contest for\ our own, under a free soil President w-e are! bound hand and foot and delivered over to theg Philistines. No hope now is left those who! trusted in Gen. Taylor, but to join with their! brethren of the South, those among whom! lie all their interests, forget the divisions ofl the past and take counsel together to protect] themselves, their children and their rights, fori the future. | And they will do it. The serious nature of! [the difficulties in which we are all involved is[ [being felt more and more every day. Peo-[ [pie begin to think about the consequences of[ [the exclusion of the people ofthe South from! [the territorywon by their blood, and paid for] [with their money, as members ofthe great part-1 jnership called the Union. The evidences of] [this awakening are seen in every mail tha t] [reaches us. Our exchanges tell us of large [meetings being held in ah quarters, and give us [the cheering assurance that “there is a good [time coming,” w-hen our own Union will be no [longer doubtful, when none will be for party, [hut all will be for the country, and the Union [of the States, once the pride and wonder of [the w-orld, will be saved upon principles of [true justice. YVe may rest assured, that any [attempt to patch up the differences now exist ling notfounded upon a just and equitable re- Icognition of our rights, though it may secure sfor a few men the spoils of office, will be vain Jand futile in the end. Wrong cannot be made J right, by act of Congress! Come, then, and let us stand together, let Bus forego if need be some trifling differences Jof opinion about men, and with a sole] geye to our future prosperity, work together, ■vote together, and if it is forced upon us, fight Jtogether, and not against, one another. California Cotton. —We have been favored by our friends J. H. Elliott & Cos., of Gravier st., with a sample of cotton grown in Upper Cali fornia, which is a great curiosity. The cotton is of a very long staple, and of excellent quality ; the bolls are large, and the cotton of a very fine Jcolor. We had no idea that such cotton could Jbe grown in California, and it only serves to show ■that that country possesses a variety ofthe rtch- Jes in her soil. j We cut the above from the N. O. Picayune, of Ithe Bth inst.. So it appears that cotton can be [grown in California, and in Upper California. |We have been told again and again that the slave labor is worthless, unless where cotton can be produced. The debates in the Conven tion of California in which the Constitution was formed, sufficiently assure us tliat slave la bor is more valuable there, than any where else upon this continent, and now we are told that the great Southern Staple, Cotton, grows there of “excllent quality,” largo bolls,” and fine color.”] | But Mr. Webster says that we are excluded j from California by the will of God; Mr. Clay locks it, and Mr. Cass re-asserts it. Who shall] we believe ? W tndiiam Robertson, Esq., of New Orleans,! and editor of the “Daily Standard,” published in that city, passed through this place on Saturday last to pass a few weeks in Virginia, with his friends and connexions. [YANKEE CORRESPONDENCE.] Boston, June 30, 1850. a Professor Webster's Confession of the Murder— -1 Fourth of July in Boston — Census , <j-c. | Professor Webster has confessed that he killed Dr. [Parknian. The confession has not conveyed to the [public, anything that it was not already morally sure [of —has not conveyed much of what it is still con [vincedof; but it, has excited universal interest and universal discussion. It was brought some days ago before the Governor in Council, by the Rev. Dr. Put nam, the clergyman with whom Professor Webster has been in communication. The Rev. gentleman, in presenting the confession, embodied in a petition for a commuted punishment, expressed himself favora bly towards the prisoner. He said the confession was not made with any eye to a remission of sen tence, but in consequence of the Doctor's own im portunity. The Doctor reviewed several parts ofthe Professor’s admission, argued the consistency- of them with the facts elicited in tho trial, and commended the case of the unfortunate man to the merciful con sideration of the Council. Professor Webster pleads that the killing of Dr. Parknian was completely .unpremeditated. lie says that he (TV ebster,) called to Parknian’s house to re quest him to come to the College on the fatal Friday. ■He admits he had no money to pay him, and only wanted to expostulate with him and ask time for the] payment of his debt. Dr. Parkman called at half! past one, and coming in, to the laboratory where the] Professor was, asked sharply if the latter was ready] for him—ready to pay-. W ebster siiid he was not,” and wished to appease him, but Turkman would hear] nothing. The latter took two bills, or promissory] [notes, says the confession, out of his pocket, and eon-! Btinued his injurious language. Professor Webster! [was now thoroughly excited, and taking up, he savs,| | v piece of wood about two feet long and about two] [inches thick, he aimed at Parkman, struck him on] [the temple and prostrated him. He says he struck] [6< once. He stooped over the Doctor and found [him dead. He then locked the doors, took the two [notes, drew a pen across them, stripped the body, [burnt the clothes, and raising it into a sink, with ef [fort, began to cut it up. ****** I It is palpable that the miserable prisoner has been [making the most desperate efforts to save himself, [and indeed every human heart, whether it justify- his [act or not, must eommisserate him in this—life is [sweet and it is hard to surrender it. But his confes sion is not trusted. His emphatic protestation of in [nocence in the trial; his emphatic protestation of in [nocenee in the document lately presented to the gov ernment and withdrawn, have made impressions on the public mind most unfavorable to him. It is not at all believed that he did not premeditate the mur der of Parkman, any more than it was not believed he was innocent of that murder. Tho terrible delib eration of his acts, even by- liis own admission, would seem to show him capable of all that has been impu ted to him. Oh 1 if the wretched man had run out [into the street after the fatal blow or blows, and giv |en himself up to justice, it would be a different thing l| [But now ! “Lord, lead us not into temptation, but| [deliver us from evil.” Every human heart needs the* [sacred efficacy- of that divine prayer. | We celebrated our national festival here on Thurs |day. Such is life! misery and dark despair in some [homes and hearts, and merriment, sunshine, and ju jbike in others and abroad in the streets. The mor ning of the Fourth of July looked rather moist, and made the walking in the streets dirty work for the processionists. The children of the Grammar Schools J to the number of ISOO or so, walked through the! principal streets to the Assembly Hall, where there! were prayers, music, a collation, and speeches from! the Governor, the Mayor, and several others. The! young people made a most interesting sight, particu-J tally at refreshment time, and seemed to enjoy the! demonstration with infinite zest. A city procession! was formed by the City Marshall, and being accom panied by a military escort, with banners, drums, fifes and cymbals, had a gay appearance and produc ed a corresponding effect. When the procession had reached the Tremont Temple, the patriotic exercises of the day (including an ode by the Rev. J. Pierpont, who has an ode ready for every occasion in life, like that genius in Hudibras, who “Had an ode on His mistress, eating a black pudding,” and an oration by E. W. Whipple, Esq.,) were reg-l ularly gone through, after which they went to Fan-j ueil Hall and dined. And then toasts, and senti-l ments, and general hilarity, with cheering. j. The Common presented a very pleasant and popu-l lons appearance, up to about five o’clock. Outside! the railing which runs round it, were continuously! erected miles of little platforms with awnings, and onl these were displayed a great variety of matters in the! way of human refreshment, cooling drinks, cakes.! lemonade, oysters, oranges, and so forth. Funnily! enough, the majority of these extemporary restauratsj were presided over by natives of the Emerald Isle. I j thought they managed their business awkwardly! without “the laste taste in life of the sperrits”—such! as they were used to, at old Donnybrook or Kildar-I Irery—such as used to enliven their tents towards ev jening, and generally raised the hurricane, which! ■knocked them, their tent, and the blind piper him-] ■self, to smithereens, as they call it, before the sum-1 amor sun went down upon their festivities. No such! ■hurrying and harrying of tents here. But I mis-! stake! Never was there such a scurrying of tent] [owners from the fair-green of Ballywhack, when the [poles of their booths were pulled up for weapons of Sjwar, and the two factions, dancing drunk, came to- Bgether with all the certaminis gaudia, of the people, I the time, and the place, as was visible round Boston [Common at five o'clock, on Thursday! At that | hour, after sending a few ominous drops before it, bv * way of gardez Veau , “the big rain came dancing to • the earth,” and then, nothing but flight everywhere ! \ The windows of Heaven were opened and the jubi | lee scattered and ran in all directions. “Rouney is over, Robblo is under! A flash of light and a clap ol thunder!” Down came the merciless deluge on the variega ted folks that carried all the summer colors on their backs! In a few minutes the open spaces of the Common were as clear :es if they were swept by a I storm of grape-shot by the redoubtable Capt. Bragg Dark masses were seen clinging together round the boles of the trees. After the discharge of an hour, the clouds ceased, and the people emerged from their shelters. But the little refreshment booths were] ■gone; “they ran up all manner of streets.” And,] Bwhat was worse than all, the Fire-works were drown-] Bed! No fire-works on that Fourth of July ! We all ■went to bed without any Roman Candles. Indeed, ■there were a couple of Irishmen who did not go to Shed at all. The disappointment was too much for ■them—it got up into their heads. One was taken off, ■somewhere, by two watchmen and a cortege of three Shundred or more citizens. The other was discovered, Sin a street near the Common, at an early hour next norning, in a condition of great bewilderment and ■incomprehensibility, with a hat excessively crushed. ■ When roused a little, he could only stare about him Band demand, “Where’s the Fourth of July ?” The Sheavy wet of the anviversary had put him wonderful- Blv out of sorts. | The Census of our city lias been taken for the pre- Bsent time, and we find that the population of Boston Sis something over 138,000. Os this number, remar- Bkabty enough, over 63,000 are foreigners, of whom, ■more remarkably still, 33,000 are Irish—lrish of Ire- Bland, or Irish of the first generation, in Boston. Ta gging Charlestown, Roxbury, Cambridge, and other ■places into enumeration, I should say that, within a Bcirele of three miles round the State House, the Irish: I contingent amounts to 60,000, at least. ******* | However, I sincerely hope Irish will not come to | be the vernacular of this good city of Boston. YANKEE DOODLE. [new-york correspondence.] I The Fourth of July in New- York — Accidents] js — Pick-pickets—Destructive Fire at. Brook - | lyn—The Pacific —Arrival of James, the \ Novelist—lnternational Copyright—-New j Newspapers—Books in Press —“ Modern 1 Standard. Drama, dpc., Spc. New-York, July 9, 1850. | Well, Mr. Editor, that important day, the iinmor- Ital Fourth of July, has passed; and though I can I give you no fair idea of the noise of cannon, pistols, j and incessant squibs accompanied by a running syrn ► phony of crying or rejoicing children with whom the ] streets were lined; yeti cannot allow it to pass in | silence. It is only on some occasion like this, when i a stirring spectacle invites all classes from their [drawing-rooms, garrets, cellars, and alleys, into the ■streets, that one can form a conception of the im gmense capacities ofNew-York, and the many thou |sands of human souls who dwell in its houses, or bat- Bten on the filth of its subterranean dens. Such an j occasion, par eminence , is the Fourth, when, not withstanding the numbers who seek cxtra-urbatie recreation, the streets teem with a continuous and | never-ceasing stream of men, women and children, jAt an early hour, say daylight, a connonading coin j menced, effectually banishing all thoughts of sleep ; £ while those who did succeed in lulling themselves to! \ a second rest, were hopelessly awakened at 6 by the] simultaneous peal of a hundred bells. From then ] till sunset, you may imagine the busy search for] ! pleasure, reminding you of the eternal motion of a j | full hive of bees, each on the wing to its favorite] [ flower, or rather stopping to extract its sweets from leach. A splendid display of Fire-works, at the ex-] pense of the City in the Park and several other of our ” public squares, attracted a living soa in the evening] to these various locations, and crowned the pleasures] of the day. There were the usual number of exploded fire-arms,] ■mutilated limbs, and cracker-kindled fires. There! [was a riot near the Five Points, between several rival] ■gangs of thieves, which unfortunately resulted in noth-j ling worse than their getting locked up. One awful! ■accident took place ; a young man passing down Chat-1 ■ham st., was wounded by a ramrod, carelessly left inj a cannon which some men were firing back of the! Park. He did not long survive the injury. ‘ M bile all were thus busy in the pursuit of pleasure,! there was one class no less engrossingly occupied in! business—we refer to the light-fingered gentry,! thieves and pick-pockets. One of the latter was ar-j sested, with no less than 17 handkerchiefs on his! person. * An exceedingly destructive fire took place on Sun-1 day morning last, in our sister city Brooklyn. It! broke out about 3 1-2 o’clock, A. M., in the “Fourth! story of Mr. Thorne’s great warehouse which was fill-j ed at the time with valuable property. By the time I the engines arrived the whole edifice was wrapped ini flames, so that the firemen devoted all their efforts to] the adjoining buildings. While so engaged an awful! explosion suddenly took place, spreading terror and! destruction around. The roofs of seveeal stores in the! neighborhood took fire, while a series of terrific con-1 cuss ions took place, entirely preventing all approach! to the burning building. The store contained, be-J side other articles, 500 tons of Saltpetre, 100 barrels! of Spirits of Turpentine, and 250 lbs. of Camphine.l It is to these, particularly the saltpetre, that the ex-| plosions are to be attributed. One of the engines was! blown completely oft’ the wharf, her men, however.! were all saved. Ten or twelve were severely, though* not mortally injured. Eighteen buildings in all were! destroyed, the total loss being estimated at $1,000,-1 000. a large portion of which is covered by insurance.g| I The splendid U. S. mail steam-ship Pacific left her* Ipier for Liverpool on Saturday last. Her triumphantl ■passage from Liverpool to this port, the quickest byl [several hours ever made across the Atlantic, render-1 led her quite a lion ; and she was visited by thousands! [who expressed the highest satisfaction. The trip a)-I eluded to was made against strong head winds and! [heavy seas; under favorable circumstances I doubt] not she will make the run in ten days. Brother J Jonathan seems to be outstripping his sturdy relative! John Bull, in the mechanic arts, as well as everything! else. Americans have good reason to be proud of j their noble line of steamships. G. P. R. James, Esq., the distinguished novelist,! recently arrived in this city with his wife, and is now! staving at the Aster House. It is said that one ofl the chief objects of his visit, is to procure the passage! by the American Congress, of an Int rnational Copy-! Bright law. In this most righteous undertaking, all! [patriots who want America to have an independent! [literature of her own, all honest men who believe! ■thoughts and language to be literary property, and! [would prevent that property from being pirated by! lour upright publishers, must bid him God-speed. As] ■long as the productions of English writers can be re-1 ■printed here, without so much as a thank-you to them,! [what encouragement will ever be offered to Ameri-j Bean genius ! I Two new papers have just been started in this! ■city. One of these is conducted by Miguel T. Tolon,] land is called “El Horisote." 1 It is partly in Spanish! Band partly in English, and fiercely advocates the in-1 ■dependence of Cuba. The other is styled “The Irish! ■Advocate,” and is edited by W. P. Mulehinock, an! [lrish gentleman, who has won an extended reputation,! gas a poet, by his contributions to some of our leading R magazines. J The issues of the past week have been few and un- Bimportant; indeed, a summer lethargy seems to ■have seized our publishing houses. The Appleton's Shave in press Wordwortli’s Posthumous Toem, “The SReeluse,” and Leigli Hunt’s Autobiography. The! ■ Harpers are devoting most of their efforts to the cir-S Bculation of their “ New Monthly,” twenty thousand! geopies of which are now disposed of; they expect! csoon to raise the circulation to 50.000. ■ One of the most interesting publications of the pre-[ Rsent day seems to be “The Modern Standard Drama,”] [issued sometime back by W. Taylor & Cos., of 131, (Nassau street. Each number embraces some stand lard play with full stage directions. No less than [eighty of these have been published, which are] [embraced in ten volumes, sold at $1 each. Individual] f plays may be had for one each. One of the most re-] Scent issues of this series, is Douglass Jerrold’s new] [drama, entitled “The Catspaw.” The volumes are] [finely got up, and accompanied by plates of memories [of our most eminent performers. 1 The above named firm have lately established “The [Prompter,” a journal devoted almost exclusively to ■the Drama. It is most ably conducted by Cornelius oMatthews. Yours, P. Q. [oDR CALIFORNIA CORRESPONDENCE.] ‘ San Francisco, Upper California, ) May 31, 1850. ) K My Dear Sir — l wrote you a short letter by the [steamer of the Ist inst.—since then I have made a Bvisit to the mines, and must confess lam not much, jgif at all disappointed, as I before said, “ they are a a lottery.” Now, sir, that there is gold in abundance Sand inexhaustible, there is no doubt but the actual gcost in obtaining it, is full the value of it. 1 I have visited the northern mines upon Gnberlivio, ■ Deer Creek, &c. —a large number have wintered it glliere, doing but little else than watching their claims, ■waiting for the waters to fall, to enable them to turn [the streams, so that they might work the bars and gbottoms of the same. Well, sir, months were spent, ■you may say, in idleness; at length the time arrived, land after weeks of labor spent in cutting canals, not Pone in ten will be able to realize good wages. ’Tis Htrue some make fortunes, but I assure you, nine inj gten do not make more than a support. Your read-] Eers will naturally enquire, where does all the gold; Seome from l Recollect, sir, that natives and foreigr- Kcrs at work here now, amount to fully one hundred] Sthousand men. Well, the actual support of these Bmen amounts to $250 0)0 per day. Now, in one ■month that will make the sum of $7,500,000 —only] Kthink of it, out of this amount about two or two and) ga half millions finds its way to the States. You all] a very naturally conclude, that in consequence of so] ■much gold, every body must be getting rich; not] §so. Again I say to all my friends, if you are doing] ytlolerable well , stay at. home. My brother and my-] ■self have a large claim upon Deer Creek ; we have] lout a canal 580 yards long, and had turned about] Bone half of the creek when I left on 21st inst.; the ibars promised well. While we were waiting for the | waters to fall, we worked the rough and ready, dry ■digging, and averaged to the hand S2B per day. We | worked eleven hands some two weeks; the water (there gave out ; we worked dirt that had been work-] led over two or three times. Since [ left, he has suc-j Hceeded in turning the whole of the creek, and I this] ■moment read a letter from him, and he, like thesrestj isays he cannot make more than sl4 to sl6 per day [to the hand, and should abandon his claim, and hunt [better diggins. Now, sir, this is the way they all do; Ethey hear of men in other places making from two to ■three ounces per day, and they all go to hunt those cplaeos. I Asl said before, this is bound to be a free State ; Snot one man in twenty is in favor of slavery ; but, sir, gif there ever was a country in the world where slave] | labor could be used to advantage, this is that place.] STlic very places they will not work, I could take our] Inegroes and make an ounce of gold per day, through-] Wont, the whole year. I send you the last papers by! ithis mail—-from them you will gloan all the news.! [The Indians have been troublesome, but, Gen. Green] | (my relation.) has whipped them and succeeded iu | making a treaty with them. It does appear to me i that every body is coming here ; every thing is over i done in this country. A stranger could not tell now, from appearances, that we had lost in the short space of four weeks $4,000,000 by fire—the whole of the burnt district is built up, or nearly so. ? Look at the council proceedings, and just think that | this city pays over half a million of dollars salary to ] its officers—l 6 Aldermen and assistant Aldermen, t each a salary of s6,ooo—Mayor SIO,OOO, Marshall \ SIO,OOO, City Attorney SIO,OOO, Recorder SIO,OOO, Engineer $12,000, and divers others too numerous to enumerate. Our friend, Col. J. H. Watson, is Dis-j trict Judge of the San Dose District, with a salary| of $7,500. The county Clerk here, pays his Clerks] $2,800 per month wages. He will make over $50,-1 000 a year by the office. We have sheriff sale every] day, four courts setting all the while, and business for! them all. Matthew Hall McAllister is here and dc-j |ing a fine business— only 185 lawyers in this city,l Ifour daily papers, and all making a fortune. I learn jj< 01. Charles C. Mills is on his way here. Where is |my friend {Moses, as Col. 11. calls him,)” Dr. S. M. jlngersoll ? I wonder he has not found his way out ■here. I should like to see him and oid Charles. I Swiss send you the lump of gold promised you in my] ■last, by John Sealey, who returns in the steamer of! [the 15th of June. The party is nearly complete ; we! |have Biff W illiarason, Sluggins, and others from Co-g [lumens here, and I understand Boots and Bitum are] lon their way. Vinegar has arrived and in fine! ■health. Can you not send us a few more ? ] I shall go in a few days to the Southern mines. ][ [have been sent for to go and examine two quartz! [veins, whieh are said to be abundant, and will pay! [four to six dollars to the pound of rock. I hope to be I [able in my next to give you a more favorable account! [of the mines. ] I have written ten letters to-day, and must closel [this, hoping you will not only send me your paper,P jbut others. In return, I will send you our papers byi [every steamer. j As usual, | PETER A. I II a person fawns on you when up, he will a&n [syredly trample on you when down. From the Talladega (Ala.) Watchtower. glory enough for one day. I Last Monday was a proud day for Tallade |ga. The fiends and enemies of the Nashville [Convention after a full notice, met face to face. ■Mr. Alexander White led the opposition. He is [the gentleman who was appointed as one of the [delegates to the Nashville Convention, by the [legislative caucus last winter at Montgomery, [when Whigs and Democrats alike” \vefe its pro cessed friends; He was at Montgomery when [he was appointed, and for several days thereaf ter, and did not decline the appointment. When [it was ascertained, some time before the assern [bling of the Nashville Convention, that he would [not attend, it was supposed that he would re- Isign, and give the people of this District a lair to appoint a substitute, if they de [sired. He however did not resign and did not [attend. But although Mr. White did lfot go, [the Convention did actually meet at Nashville. | Mr. White was aided in Iris opposition, by his [co-partner, Mr. L. E. Parsons, and by Gen.- Levi gW. Lawler, who was one of the twenty-seven; [Whigs who a short time ago kicked ftp a dust ■with Mr. C. C. Langdon. It might now be in- Iferred that Mr. Lawler’s opposition to Mr. Lang-* ■don was his open and unmasked submission tit [Northern outrage. [ Mr. White made two speeches,—one of great [length. Mr. Parsons made a short speech.— [Gen. Lawler made a very few remarks. Each lone had a proposition or an amendment to’ ■make, and was “not afraid to meet the issues [before the country.” No, not they. Well, aftef and efforts, they saw their proposition [laid on the table by an overwhelming majority* sand in a large meeting, they found themselves sin the very snug little minority of about twenty- Sfive! I The best of the matter remains to be told.— [This trio was Whig—every inch Whig, and have occasionally been held up as Whig leaders.— They seemed to think they could rally the true Southern-hearted Whigs of Talladega as parti sans against the Nashville Convention—altho* [such object was expressly disclaimed—care was [taken to eulogise ITenry Clay, and one of the | speakers [Mr. White] actually made a grab at j the old Cass.men and old Union, by praise of j Lewis Cass and songs of Hosannah to the “glo ] rious Union.” Whether the people remember jj ed what this same Mr. White, as a Taylor I speaker and Chairman of a Taylor Committee, | said and published of this same Cass in 1848, Iwe do not know. But one thing is very certain I —Mr. White’s bait “did not take.” The Whigs ] will not follow his lead, for a majority of the coin [mittee are regular Whigs, and the resolutions |unanirnously reported by that committee will carry a majority of that party, and the Demo crats are thoroughly with the* South almost to a ttmn n. i People ol the South, read the resolutions pass- Bed here on Monday. Consider the opposition Smade to them, and see how nobly it was met ami avoted down. Remember vour forefathers, and presolve to be “equals in the Union or indepen ident out of the Union. 9 Talladega county will not have to depend on I Mr. White to represent her, if the Nashville Con gvention should have to meet again. Four Del egates were appointed on Monday, who will ■represent the county according to the spirit of gthe resolutions adopted. Southern Meeting.— Pursuant to public no tice, a large number of the people of Talladega ! County, without distinction of party, met at the \ Court House of said county, on Monday, the Ist | day of July, 1850. j On motion ot Col. Wm. Curry, the Hon. Leon- Hard Parrant was called to the chair, and on mo ■ tion ol Gen. J. T. Bradford, Col. George Hill was ! also elected as an associate chairman oflhe meet ] ing. These two presiding officers having been [conducted to the chair, John T. Morgan and A. SW. Bowie, Esqrs., were elected secretaries The | object of the meeting was briefly and pertinent [ ly explained by the Hon. L. Tarrant. | On motion of S. F. Rice, Esqr., a committee lof eleven was appointed by the chair to draft I resolutions for (he meeting, consisting of the fol glowinggentlemen, to wit: Messrs Samuel F. $ Rive, W. W. Knox, A. G. Story, J. T. Bradford* gilufus Mynatt, J. J. Woodward, J. fi. L. Huey, gThomasL. Pope. Isaac Hudson, J. L.M. Curry, Band Henry A. Rutledge. The committee retired to perform their duties. S And whilst the committee were out, on motion Sos Col. Curry, the resolutions of the Nashville gConvention were read to the meeting by Mr. fi James 11. Joiner. And on motion ol’Alex, a White, Esqr., Mr. Joiner also read to the meet | mg? the address ot the Nashville Convention. I The committee above named through their (chairman, S. E. Rice, Esqr., reported thefollow | ing resolutions, agreed on by the committee \. B-r-sohed, Ist. That we approve the proeeed |ings of the Nashville Convention and. inerebx | ratify the same. * | Resolved, 1 hat the resolutions adopted by | the Nashville Convention present a correctex- Iposition of the rights of the South, and of the I principles and duties of the Federal Govern- I ment, and said resolutions arc hereby adopt g Resolved, 3rd. That the plan originally report led by the Committee of Thirteen to the Senate gos the United States, usually termed the “Com gpromise” possesses no virtue to allay the agita gtion which threatens to destroy the rights of the ■Southern people and to disrupt the Union, but |is fraught with mischief to the South and sur irenders principles for which we have at all times econtended. By that plan the South is required ito yield to the unjust exactions of the North, [without receiving any equivolent whatever; by Bits Ist part, all the vast territory obtained from ■Mexico by conquest, treaty or purchase, is giv- Ben up to Abolition; by its 2nd part, a large por |rion of Texas, about as far South as Montgom ery, Alabama, is given up to Abolition; by its |3d part, Texas bonds to the amount of about ten gor fifteen millions ofdollars formerly worth about gjien cents in the dollar, are saddled upon tho [treasury of the United States, to be paid in full gout of the public money collected from the South |is well as the North. This is offered to recon ][tile Texas to the surrender ot her territory to ■Abolition uses; by its 4th part, the work of Ab olition is actually begun. ‘lt proposes to abolish | the s' a ve trade in the district of Columbia and, | tree the Negroes sold in violation of the law— |thus giving Congress jurisdiction, and passing 3au act ot positive abolition of slavery under par jjticular contingencies. In other words, what a (citizen ol any slayeholding State may now law giully do, is prohibited in the future, under the (penalty ot losing his property, by a law passed to*. Bplease Abolitionists.’ ‘lt (the pretended ‘Com- Spromise’) is a comprehensive scheme of emau- Icipation.” Resolved, 4th. That we hold our Liberty, Po- Ilitical Equality, and our Independence as ■above all price ; and we cannot and will not sac [rifice them for the sake of continuing any l‘- gion which is controlled by an Abolition majority ((reckless alike of the Constitution which formed (that Union and our feelings, peace, rights, and [honor) and wielded by such majority for the [destruction of sixteen hundred millions ofslave [property, and the degradation of the people of |the South to a level with the negro race. I Resolved, sth. That whatever an abolition [majority in Congress, by aid of the interference (of any officer ot the Federal Government, or in jjaiiy other mode i, shall deprive us of the inestima- Ible right of Political Equality, and appropriate Ito themselves the vast territories of the United JStates (the common property of all the States,) Sit is then their Government, not ours. Then we ■shall be compelled to regard it as our enemy, and 3we are willing if we can, to bring up our children Ito the altar of liberty, and, like Hamilcar, to jswear them to eternal hostility to such foul do- Imination. ‘Give us our just rights, and we are Iready as heretofore, to stand up by the Union, [every part of it, and its every interest; refuse it [and we will strike for Independence .” I Resolved, 6th. That by concession and sub (mission to the demands of Northern Abolition lists, we do gain even momentary peace. We simply give our assailants additional power and |fresh courage and confidence. For every step Iwe make backward they make a step forward, .and at the end of our concessions we find the same enemy, with the same feelings and the same weapons, invoking the memory of past tri umphs as the prophet of future victory. I Resolved, 7th. That in the opinion of this