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THE SOUTHERN SENTINEL Is published every Thursday Morning, IX COLUMBUS, GA. BY WILLIAM H. CHAMBERS, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. To whom all communications must be directed,post paid Office on Randolph Street. Terms of Subscription. One copy twelve months, in advance, - - $2 50 “ ** “ “ Not in advance, -3 00 “ “ Six “ “ “ - 150 Where the subscription is not paid during the year, 13 cents will be charged for every month’s acta f- No subscription will be received lor less than six months, and none discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except at the option of the proprietor. To Clubs. Five copies twelve months, * * 610 00 Ten “ “ ... 16 00 Z3T The money from Clubs must in all cases ac toinpany the names, or the price of a single subscription will be charged. Rates of Advertising. One Sqiiafe, first insertion. - - -J1 00 “ “ Each subseijuent insertion, - 50 A liberal deduction on these; fernis will be made in favof of those who advertise by the year. Advertisements not specified as to time, Will be pub lished till forbid,and charged accordingly. Monthly Advertisements will be charged as new Ad vertisements at each insertion. Legal Advertisements. N. B.—Sales of Lands, by Administrators, Ex ecutors, or Guardians,are required by law to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours of 10 iti the forenoon, and 3 in the afternoon, at the Court House in the county in which the land is situated. No tices of these sales must be given in a public gazette sixty days previous to the day of sale. Sales of Negroes must be made at a public auction On the first Tuesday of the month, between the usual hours of sale, at the place of public salts in the county where the Letters Testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship,may have been granted, first giving sixty days notice thereof in one of the public gazettes of this State, and at the door of the Court House, where such sales are to lie held. Notice for the sale of Personal property must be given in like manner forty days previous to the day of sale. Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an estate must be published forty pays. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell Land, must be published for TOUR MONTHS. Notice for leave to sell Negroes must be published for tour months, before any order absolute snail be made thereon by the Court. Citations for Letters of Administration, must be pub lished thirty days—for dismission from administration, monthly six months — lor dismission horn Guardianship, forty days. Rules for the foreclosure of a Mortgage must be pub lished monthly for four months —for establishing lost papers, for the full space of three months —for com- g riling titles from Executors or Administrators, where a ond nasbeen given by the deceased, the full space ot three months. Publications will always Ite continued according to these legal requirements, unless otherwise ordered. SOUTHERN SENTINEL Job Office. HAVING received anew and extensive assortment of Job Material, we are prepared to execute at this office, all orders for JOB WOR K, in a manner which can not be excelled in the State, on very liberal terms, and at the shortest notice. We feel confident of our ability to give entire satisfac tion in every variety of Job Printing, including Rooks, Business Cards, Pamphlets, Bill Heads, Circulars, Blanks of every description, Hand Bills, Bills of Lading, Posters, tifc. 4’ r - 4* c * In short, all descriptions of Printing which can be ex ecuted at any office in the country, will bo turned out with elegance and despatch. County Surveyor. r pilE undersigned informs his friends and the Planters _L of Muscogee county, that he is prepared to make official surveys in Muscogee county. Letters addressed to Post Office .Columbus, will meet with prompt atten tion. WM. F. SERRELL, County Surveyor. Office over E. Barnard & Cc.'s store, Broad St. Columbus, Jan. 31, iB6O. 5 ly NOTICE. rpilE firm name of “M. H. Dessau, Agentis changed, A from this date, to M. H. DESBAC. Columbus, Feb. 7, 1830. 6 tt JAMES FORT, ATTORNE Y AT LA W, HOLLY SPRINGS, MISS. July 4, 1950. 27 6m Williams, Flewellen & Williams, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. May 23, 1850. 21 Williams & Howard, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. ROOT. R. HOWARD. CHAS. J. WILLIAMS. April 4, 1850. 14 ts J. D. LENNARD, ATTORNEY AT LAW, TALBOTTON, GA. WILL attend to business in Talbot and the adjacent counties. All business entrusted to his care will meet with prompt attention. April 4, 1830. 14 ly KING & WINNEMORE, Commission Merchants, MOBILE, ALABAMA. Dec. 20,1849. [Mob. Trib .] 15 ts THIS PAPER IS MANUFACTURED BY THU Rock Island Factory, NEAR THIS CITY. Columbus, Feb. 23,1830. 9 ts M Globe Hotel, BUENA VISTA, MARION CO., GA. BY J. WILLIAMS. March 14,1850. H ts Marble Works, JEast side Broad St. near the Market House, COLUMBUS, GA. HAVE constantly on hand all kinds of Grave Stones ; Monuments, Tombs and Tablets, of American i Italian and Irish Marble. Engraving and carving 1 done on stone in the lest possible manner; and all kinds ; of Granite Work at the shortest notice. JOHN H. MADDEN. I p. S.—rlaister of Paris and Cement, always on hand i for sale. . I Columbus, March 7, 1850. 10 ts NORTH CAROLINA Mutual Life Insurance Company. LOCATED AT RALEIGH, N. C. THE Charter of this company gives important advan tages to the assured, over most other companies. The husband ean insure his own life for the sole use and fvenefit of his wife and children, free from any other .claims. Persons who insure for life participate in the profits which are declared annually, ana when the pre mium exceeds S3O. may pay one-halt in a note. Slaves are insured at two-thirds their value for one or five years. Applications for Risks may be made to JOHN MUNN, Agent, Columbus, Ga. Office at Greenwood &. Co.’s Warehouse. Nov. 15,1849. ts “ WANTED. ■a /A/A AAA lbs- RAGS. Cash paid for elean eot lUU.UUU ton or linen rags—4 cents per pound, when delivered in quantities ot 100 pounds or more ; and 31 cents when delivered in small quantities. For old hemp, banging, and pieces of rope, 11 cents, delivered cither at Rook Island Factory or at their store in Co lumbus, in the South comer Room of Oglethorpe House. D. ADAMS, Secretary. Columbus, Feb. 28,1830. 9 ts TO RENT, TILL the first dav of January next. The old printing office room of the “Muscogee Democrat ” Apply at this office. 18 u. RECEIVED^” A LARGE lot of Miscellaneous and School Books. Also a large and beautiful assortment of Stationery, fine Letter and Note Paper, Envelopes, &c. deGRAFFENRIED & ROBINSON. April 18 VOL. I. [From the Southern Press.] The Randolph Epistles, WITH FACTS AND REFLECTIONS FOR THE SOUTHERN PEOPLE. NUMBER I. The North's Triumph over the South—The revels and rejoicings over her—The Resolves of Vir ginia and the South—-The Results—Califor nia arid the Wilmot Proviso—Utah and New Mexico through a “kindred measure”—The South without a foot of the acquisition—To pay three-fourths of the price—California takes to herself all the domain and all of the Gold Mines — Free Access to the Mines icould have given $600,000,000 of Enhanced Value to Slave Pro perty— Through the action of Congress, the North obtains, and the South loses all—Southern Votes for the Admission of California —The Effects —The Measure Unconstitutional, <f-c. Fellow Citizens of the South: One of yourselves—born among you—bred amongyou—dwelling among you—and hold ing an humble, but common share with you, in the South’s rights or wrongs—prosperity or adversity—in all she does, or has, or hopes for, and who, in common with you, must prosper or sutler, and stand or fall with her— presumes to hold counsel with you, upon the present gloomy aspect of her interests and destinies. Having no great name of his own to give weight to what he says, he must, as aforetime, borrow that of another, over which you have often honored him with your au dience, on matters of eminent public concern, in times gone bj\ Over that non de plume, he has lately been proffering respectful coun sel in your behalf, to so great a personage as the Chief Magistrate of the Union, and even now, he puts aside his unfinished “ Randolph Epistles,” that he may hold closer and weight ier communion with you. Fellow Southerners!—the long agony in Congress is over, and the struggle is past! The North is triumphant—and your native South has been utterly routed in the contest —and is here, helplessly prostrate and tram pled upon! Faithful and intrepid minorities in both Houses, stood by her to the last—and kept outnumbering hosts at bay—and would finally have vanquished them, but Southern desertions augmenting their forces, and in spiriting their courage—in serried phalanx and with overwhelming odds, they charged once more, and all was lost! But even a victory so thorough as this—could not suffi ciently humiliate and disgrace the South— without a public triumph and exultation over her! Accordingly, from the slave-soil of the District—and within ear-shot of Washing ton’s tomb, one hundred and one salutatory guns announced this memorable jubilee over the prostrate rights and fortunes of his native land—while illuminations and bonfires, and rockets and joyous minstrelsy, gave light and zest to the celebration, and oh! incredible reality!—there were Southern members of Congress who sanctioned and shared in these exulting mockeries over right, justice, equali ty, and their own native South!—And more than this! The bruit goes, that no less than eight of the aspirants to the Presidency— five of them Democrats and three of them Whigs—four of them Northerners, and four of them Southerners—namely, Messrs. Web ster, Cass, Dickinson and Douglas, from the North, and Messrs. Clay, Hilliard, Cobh and Houston, from the South, made night and the thoroughfares of Washington, boisterous and eloquent with their gratulations upon this glorious achievement! Let the renowned occasion, and these exultant exploits, men of the South, sink deep down into your hearts, and carve it in j our memories, should ever, in coming years, a man among them, claim the South’s electoral help towards their Na tional promotion. If anything could enhance the indignation and ire with which every Southern patriot must contemplate revels and rejoicings over such oppressive and wrongful successes as these, it would be the paper huzzas and vivas, w’ith w’hich those Southern journals, the Union, Intelligencer and Repub lic, {nourished and enriched as they have been, through Southern patronage,) have hailed, re counted, and applauded the passage of these baleful measures, and these greetings and gratulations over them. But let us pass from these exasperating memories in quest of what there be in these extraordinary proceedings of Congress, of such advantage to the South in fruition or in promise, that Southerners should have supported, or that Southerners should have rejoiced in them! A vast majority of your Legislatures, with Virginia in the lead, passed resolutions last winter—didn’t they?—that the people of these States respectively, would not submit to “ the Wilmot Proviso, or any kindred, measure,” but would resist the same, “at all hazards, and to the last extremity” They had uo ob jections to “the Wilmot Proviso, nor any kindred measure”—h; and they ? further than to the aim and tendencies of either, to deprive their citizens of their equal rights in common with the citizens of the Free States, to mi grate with their property to any portion of i the territory acquired from Mexico. None ; whatever. It was not then against the mere name of the Wilmot Proviso, that so grave | and imposing a menace was aimed—was it? Most certainly not. Then it was the depri ; ration of their citizens of their equal rights I in these Territories, which they would not submit to, and would resolutely resist, “ at all | hazards and to the last extremity,” whatever ‘■ the measure, or whatever the name, through which that deprivation should be effected— was it not so ? Exactly, and to a certainty ; and for that very reason, and “to make as surance doubly sure,” and for no other pur pose whatever, they employed the alternative language of “ any kindred measurewhich any measure must be, that w'ould deprive them of the rights they asserted to be theirs, and w’hich they professed to protect. God help the recreant and dastard State, w’hich should have sullied her escutcheon with a brag gart’s menace, by now’ “ eating her own words,” and recoiling from her position in de fence of her rights, and under the cowardly equivoque, that though equally bereft of her rights under the process resorted to, as if it had been the Proviso itself; yet that the form of words, through which the bereavement was menaced, though substantially was not tech nically the same. Foh! That might do for vaporing Massachusetts, but such shuffling paltroonery will never brand with its dis grace, (may Heaven forfend the shame,) any of the sovereign communities dwelling south of Mason and Dickson’s fine. But passing from tills, and we are at once reminded, that Congress has, at last, taken final action upon ■ all the territory acquired from Mexico, and it £lje Soutljcni Sentinel. w’as about the disposition which was to be made thereof, that all the State Resolutions had reference, and this at once brings us to the results. What is certain is, that the Wilmot Pro- \ viso itself is now in full force and operation throughout California, from the 32d to the 42d degree of north latitude, and that this act has been wholly consummated through the action of Congress, and that Southerners are excluded entirely, absolutely and for ave, from migrating and settling there with their property. We have the high authority of Messrs. Clay, Cass and Webster, the first the origina tor, and all of them the zealous and the ablest supporters of these measures, for sta ting, that the principles of the Wilmot Pro viso, in the form of a Mexican interdiction of slavery, is now in full force and operation in these Territories, respectively, as now organ ized by law ? —and explicitly recognized and adopted as such by Congress itself, in its re peated refusals to abrogate such Mexican law's, or to empower the Territorial Legisla tures to give police protection to slave pro perty, or to prohibit them from legislating to abolish or exclude slave property thither, j should the Judicial power determine that the Mexican anti-slavery laws had not survived the cession in the Territories ceded. Il is certain, that the State of California thus admitted into the Union, and the Terri tories of Utah and New’ Mexico thus organ ized, cover and include every acre of the Territory which was acquired by Treaty from Mexico. It is certain, that through the action of Congress, the South has been entirely and forever deprived of even a foothold with her property, upon the least portion, north or south, of those extensive and opulent do mains, and is forbidden even to partake, with her slaves, of the millions upon millions, which foreigners, from all parts of the earth and the seas, with theirs, (the peons of Mexi co and South America, and the coolies of In dia) have been permitted, (by those who call themselves our brethren, God help us!) to spo liate and enrich themselves from the public treasures, which, by every right that confer title among men or nation —by conquest and by purchase, by the shedding of blood, and the lavishing of treasure, and upon every principle of justice, equality and the consti tution, is and ought to be as much ours as theirs. But our rights and privileges, do mains aiid treasures, are all taken from us by our brethren, passed over to the uses and i the thrift of foreigners, and to amounts reach- i ing already, (says common report,) to the I w hole amount of the nominal purchase money ($15,000,000) which was proffered and ac cepted for the whole acquisition! But be this as it may, It is certain, that the North has appropri ated to herself and free soil, and destituted and excluded the South forever, from every foot of California, Utah and New Mexico, from their dominion and domain, their cul ture and their treasure. thf. south pays three-fourths, the north one fourth OF THE MEXICAN WAR-DEBT. This would seem the utmost height, and the whole extent, to which oppression and wrong could reach, or would dare; but it is neither all, nor the worst, and falls far short of the reality. An $100,000,000 of the debt we contracted to prosecute the w'ar against Mexico—(and which, of course, is the pioper measure of what these Territories have cost us,) remains‘unpaid. But you are ready to ask, what further interest can the South have in that, inasmuch as the free States having appropriated the whole acquisi* tion to themselves—they will, of course, pay the whole balance of the outstanding debt ? Never, in your lives, were you the victims of a grosser mistake. With the despotism of numbers, your task-masters demand of you, your full share of these $100,000,000 of indebtedness, for which you w ill not have re ceived a dollar’s w’orth of consideration. And what, think you, will your share be? If the Federal revenues w'ere cojlected through direct taxation, under the constitutional ratio of Federal numbers—(taxing three-fifths of the slaves) —the North’s share of the amount w'ould be three-fifths, or $G0,000,000, and, consequently, the South’s share two-fifths, or $40,000,000 —(an amount quite large enough to pay for nothing)—but the revenues being collected through the customs, more than re verses the apportionment of indebtedness between North and South upon the basis of Federal numbers, for, with the revenue so collected, the North will have to pay but one fourth of $25,000,000 of the amount, W'hile the South must pay the residue of three- ; fourths, or $75,000,000 of this Mexican \\ ‘ar-debt, and reap nothing of the fruits, j save the memories she retains of that chival rous honor, and those surpassing exploits of her braves, which have given her name to history and renowm, and of which, neither detraction nor oppression can defraud or de prive her. This w ill seem incredible to the mass of you, I know', but it Inevitably results from the principle and the fact, that the con sumers pay the revenue collected through the customs, as well as vast amounts besides, in commissions, freights, exchanges, &e., and that Southern consumption of foreign fabrics and products, (not on the free list,) bear just that proportion to Northern consumption of the same articles, and the excess of the com parative consumption, is fully and safely at tested, through the excess in values of the South’s over the North’s exports, which pays for her excess in the consumption of the im ports. But to make this surer, I resort to the appendix of that admirable pamphlet, entitled “The Union, Past and Future,” by Mus coe Hunter Garnett, Esq., and give you an estimate which he has drawui from the Trea sury Reports themselves: “ Taking the four years, ending June 30, 1845, and the gross amount of duties col lected at the customs, amounted to $96,125,- 349. Os this amount upon the ratio of their exports, the South paid $76,700,000, and the North $19,425,349 —whereas, if the same gross amount of revenue had been col lected through direct taxation, and on the principle of Federal numbers, the South W’ould have paid less than half that it paid through the customs, say but $37,849,356, while the North would have paid treble, to wit: $58,275,993, showing a difference against the South, through the mode of col lection, of just $38,850,644, w’hich w r as both iniquitous and oppressive; yet Mr. Webster was so disingenous and insincere, as to lavish his praises on the free States some years age, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 26, 1850. for their forbearance and liberality in not taxing three-fifths of the slaves, well knowing, at the time, that that forbearance and lrtreir-’ ality were rewarded, by a saving of more than thirty-three and a third per centum to the North, by taxing the South through the customs instead o's net siaves” THE PUBLIC DOMAIN AND GOLD MINES ESCHEATED TO CALIFORNIA. But through a remarkable piece of good fortune, the discovery of extensive and seem ingly inexhaustible deposits in gold dust and other forms of bullion, it was apparently of but trifling consequence, upon which section the payment of the war-debt chiefly devolved, for in the depths of these unexplored trea sures, not only did rapid and thorough reim bursement seem sure and near, but the day seemed hard by, when the citizens of all the States were to be dispensed with their contri butions in support of Government, and have a large superflux from the placers and the mines, to meet all the reasonable wants of the States, for public education, general im provements, &c.; but, now, alas! through precipitate and bungling legislation, both the domain and the treasure are irretrievably lost to the States, and California takes all. For more than a century past, has the public code of the world proclaimed as the law, that when sovereignty was conferred upon any people, all the rights of eminent and useful domain passed with it as its muniment, unless the same had l een reserved, through a public Act to which such people had acceded, before they were seized of the sovereignty which proclaimed them a State. This is more em phatically the case with anew State entering into our Federation, for the Constitution, while recognizing the right of this Govern ment to hold public domain for all purposes within a Territory , specially restricts the holding it in a State to the enumerated uses of “ forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other needful buildings,”—and hence, if Congress admits a State into the Union, be fore disposing of the public domain within its borders, or without obtaining an ordinance es relinquishment from her, prior to her ad mission, the domain passes with the sovereign ty, and not even a right of sufferance over it remains. Such was the opinion of our fath ers before the Union was formed—for a spe cial clause in the Ordinance of 1787, express ly protected the public domain in the North Western Territory from escheat, by T constitu ting the Ordinance a compact to which the States that were to be formed out of it, must assent before their admission into the Union, and thus relinquish all title or claim to the public lands within their borders; and upon this principle, and with this precaution, has every Congress that has been convened since the foundation of the Government until now, affirmed the necessity of exacting from the new States formed out of the public domains, ordinances of relinquishment, prior to ad mitting them into the Union, and why? No reason can be assigned for it—but that in the opinions of all these Congresses, by the con version of a Federal Territory into a Sover eign State, without such a compact, the title to the useful as well as the eminent domain, would pass as a muniment of the sovereign ty conferred by 7 the act of admission, for the Federal title lapsing for want of a reservation —the useful domain would necessarily es cheat to the Commonwealth of a State for the want of an owner. The present Congress was seasonably warned, and through the most unanswerable demonstration from Mr. Soule and others, that such would be the inevita ble consequences; and that the domain and treasures of California would be irretrievably lost to us, unless she was sent back to her Convention, to execute the Ordinance, before her admission into the Union ; but, alas for the country! an inexorable majority, fired with a raving lust of dominion, and fearing, that through a returning sense of justice, there might be a reduction of her limits, giving access to the South below the line of 30-30, in desperate haste, it rushed madly on, and risking all, has lost all, CALIFORNIA F,NTERSTHE UNION UNCONDITIONALLY, AND IS SEIZED OF THE I’UBLIC DOMAIN AS OF RIGHT. As to the jejune and impotent attempt to impose a condition of admission upon Cali fornia, to w'hich she has never assented, and of w’hich she know’s nothing, and contained in the same act of Congress w'hich makes and receives her as a sovereign State into the | Union, (where, in common with the co-States, she may accept and reject at her own plea sure, any proposals made to her touching the disposition of property already her own,) it could only be regarded as an arrant trifling, aud the trashy’ product of a trashy mind, w'ere it not for the solemn admission it im ports, that in the opinion of Congress, the act of admission, necessarily, and ex vi termini includes all rights of domain w ithin the bord ers of the new State, which are not specially > reserved by an act to W'hich the Federal Go vernment and the new State were parties, at the time that the act of admission took effect. And when was that? The first section of the act of Congress informs us : “Be it enacted, That the State of California he and she is hereby admitted into the Union, upon an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever.” And when did that act become the law of the land ? Last Monday, (September 11th, 1850,) when it received the President’s signa ture, and w'as returned to the Senate. If you want more practical proof—lo! see there! in the Senate and in the House, sit Califor nia’s senators and representatives, and invest ed w’ith all the rights and powers which other members, from other States, have and enjoy. Then she’s a sovereign State in the Union. Yes! The moment she became such, and 10, instanti therewith did the public domain with in her borders escheat to her, for the want of capacity in this Government to hold them longer, w ithout a relinquishment, and against her consent. And what has become of the condition of admission ? Why, California will not even have heard of it, until she has been a State in the Union for many w'eeks time, and when she hears of it, she will also hear, that she has been the absolute ow r ner of that very domain from the very moment she was admitted into the Union as a State. She may relinquish it then, undoubtedly, that is, | if she chooses, and if she should not, w'ho could force her out of the Union for a breach |of the condition ? Who ever heard before of a condition binding any body, until it was ! made known and assented to by the party j charged with its performance ? Who ever } heard before, of a compact between sover -1 eignties, dependent upon the performance of a precedent condition, being executed by the party to whom the performance was due, be fore the other party w’as aw'are that any con dition had been named ? Who, hut a fanati cal free-soiler, intent upon the fraud of des poiling the South, would not have known that a waiver of the precedent performance of a precedent condition, w’as equally a wai ver of the condition itself? But could the condition have been binding at all, then would the section I have quoted, have borne an un blushing falsehood upon its face, in declaring that California was admitted “ upon an equal footing with the original States, in all re spects whatever,” w'hile there was a condition onerous to her, w'hich had clogged the ad mission of neither of them. This duplicity’ in phraseology seems rather peculiar to the realms of the West; for even so ripe a scholar as General Cass, has spoiled and blasted a compound w'ord of very fair meaning, through the Janus-faced doctrine of non-intervention. During the canvass for the Presidency, the South was made to believe that “ non-intervention ” w'as to prevent the North from interfering, through Congress, to the overthrow’ or prejudice of the South’s equal right to migrate with her property, into any portions of the ceded Territories ; where as, since the canvass, the South has been made to realize that “non intervention” means —that it is the South who is not to intervene or encroach upon a single foot of those Ter ritories, to the overthrow’ or prejudice of the North’s paramount right to appropriate the whole of them exclusively to herself! At the Baltimore Convention in IS4B, the friends of Mr. Buchanan offered as a platform for the party, that old, smooth-trodden turnpike of 36-30 —hut the friends of Gen. Cass outbid them an hundred fold, by proffering to the South the imposing platform of non-inter vention, which w’as not only’ to secure her equal rights with the North in those Territo ries south of thirty-six degress thirty minutes, but north of it, and the General had the nom ination by heavy’ odds! But, w'o worth the day! he lost the election and returned to the Senate, and there for the instruction and war ning of mankind, (though absolved from all restraints by the patriotic Legislatures of Michigan, that he might do the South justice and give the Union peace,) behold him! as another Delphic Oracle, with a fresh glossa ry for non-intervention, utterly demolishing both Mr. Buchanan’s platform and his own, and taking counsel of Messrs. Clay, Webster and the Free Soilers—stripping the South of every vestige of her rights in the Territories, and devoting the whole of them to free soil and the free States, to the total ruin of his party, and a final rupture of the Union! There is gratitude for you, men of the South! If Gen. Cass had doubted the power of Con gress originally to have established the line of the Missouri Compromise, (as w'ell he might,) then should ho have striven, from the time he doubted, to have restored to the South all the territory of w'hich she had been un constitutionally deprived—to w r it: to all that is now lowa, Minesota, Oregon, Nebraska and the North West Territory, being about four-fifths of the w hole slave territory acquir ed through the Treaties of Louisiana and Florida—but without budging an inch or ev en proffering his counsel to induce Congress to retrace its steps, to insist on his scruples and repudiate that line, when new’ territory has been acquired, and mainly from the South’s votes and contributions, and thus strip her of the whole, is a senatorial revival of that dexterous morality of the MacGre gors, which graced the Scottish heaths in a past century, to Let him take who has the power, Aral let him keep who can ! Henceforth and for aye—pass over Gener al Cass’ Compound of “Non-Intervention,” to the Compiler of the next edition of Webster’s Dictionary, and define them thus: “Non-Intervention. —A trap to catch votes in.—The science of double dealing. — The art of looking one way and rowing ano therP “Intervention.” —An Executive plan of superceding the powers and action of Con gress, by calling Conventions through milita ry proclamations, and forming Free Soil States out of the Federal Territories, and passing the powers of Government into their hands without the sanction of Congress. THE ENHANCED VALUE OF SLAVE PROPERTY, THROUGH A FREE ACCESS TO THE MINES. Heavy as are these deprivations and loss es, they are not all. Had the South been fairly dealt bv, and shared in these Territo ries in proportion to her contributions in men and money towards their acquisition, conse quences of immense importance politically 7, and of incalculable value financially, must have resulted from it. The South would have had free access to the mines w'ith her slaves, and her citizens, having ampler and readier means of working them than all oth ers, w'ould have migrated thither earliest, and in numbers sufficient to have controlled the destinies of the State. Thus would Califor nia inevitably, and Utah and New Mexico, through the force of position and circumstan ces, have become slave States, and augment ed and improved the South’s political domin ion and destinies beyond estimate or meas ure ! Now look at the collateral results up on the enhanced value of slave property, com ing from so vast a demand for slave labor, as such a field for its profitable employment would have created. The present market values for men would have been trebled or j quadrupled—but intending to be moderate, I shall only estimate the average increase upon I all conditions, at fifty per centum. The pre ; sent numbers of slaves in the Southern States j are estimated to he 3,000,000, and allow-ing them an average value of S4OO (which is i much below the present average market val- I ue) and w r e have an aggregate valuation of slave property amounting to $1200,000,000, to which a free access to the mines w'ould have given an increase of fifty per centum, and added $600,000,000 of value to the slave property of the South! And now’ for the results'. Through the action of Congress, the South is required to pay $75,000,000 of the SIOO,- 000,000 of indebtedness which the Territo ries have cost, and without receiving one doit of consideration for such a monstrous taxa tion, w’hile the North, with larger numbers and greater w’ealth, through a tortuous and iniquitous taxation, is only to contribute $25,000,000 of the debt, though, through the despotism of numbers, she has applied and appropriated the entire consideration for that indebtedness, absolutely and exclusively to herself! Tell me, men of the South! of a civilized people under the sun— except ouk loving BRETHKEX OF THE FREE STATES who would thus have served any other civilized people under God’s protection, and in the world’s peace ! Is there a nation of savages, who, after stripping you of all you had, and taken all they wanted, would keep the pro perty, and yet make you pay for it, live times the value at which it was rated when you be came the purchaser! True, the Corsairs of the Archipelago who capture your merchant men, impose a heavy ransom on their restitu tion—but then when the ransom is paid, the property is restored to you. Point me to a people on the habitable globe, who would submit to be robbed and despoiled of their share in a property, promising like this, the total extinction of all Government taxes, with large fortunes beside, to every unit of their population; and who, after the spoiliation had passed into accomplishment, would submit to the further, the monstrous, and the debas ing extortion, of paying $75,000,000 out of the $100,000,000 of the money—cost of the acquisition—without having a right of domin ion or domain over an acre or a foot of it! It cannot be done! There are no such people ; and may God forfeitd that there should be in this noble land of freedom and equality! There is not a form of Government on the globe, but this glorious Union of ours, which would have sanctioned—nor a people who inhabit it— but these noble brethren of ours, who would have attempted—nor they upon any other people bid their brethren —the crushing down of such a people under the weight of so many wrongs, and under the stress of such foul oppressions, rank injus tice and galling indignities! Through the action of Congress, —in sanctioning the unauthorized proceedings of some 12 or 20,000 California adven turers—most of them with brief residenc es, without domicils, or the intention of hav ing any, or of becoming citizens of the coun try—intruders upon the public domain, and despoilers of the public treasure, shutting out the South from all access to the placers and the mines, (where all other slaves but South ern slaves, are permitted to go, by the Consti tution of California ,) She is forever depriv ed, not only of the $600,000,000 of enhanc ed value upon her slave property, but of even larger amounts, it may be, through the em ployment of her slave labor thither, and in a course of years ? Through the action of Congress,-— in not ex acting of California a Conventional Ordi nance, relinquishing all title or claim to the public domain within her borders, before re ceiving her as a sovereign State into the Uni on, that domain has been suffered to escheat to the State*, with treasures, it may be, suffi cient to build up cities, and support an Em pire, which may, in the current half century, wield the sceptre of dominion over this great Continent, and command the commerce of the world! Through the action of Congress, —in receiv ing California into the Union without a re duction of limits, and organizing Utah and New Mexico into Territories without abroga ting the Mexican laws prohibiting slavery, the South is deprived of every foot of the Mexi can cession of Territory, which, without her lavish contributions in men and money, and above all, her ratifying votes in the Senate, would never have been ours ! Yet so it is! And so is it recorded—-that among all the Senators and all the Represen tatives of the free North and the free West—- not one man was to be found with that love in his heart, or that justice in his dealing, which would have spared the South and saved the Union from the blasting recoil of that mortal blow which cleaved an opening for California unshorn of her dimensions, and without a qui et claim of her treasures! In form, indeed, the Union survives, and for a life-time have I wished, in the Providence of God, that it might have lasted forever; but how long can it cling together, after all the affections which formed it lie crushed and destroyed, under the insupportable weight of these cumulated op pressions! I must repeat it! Not a man of the North, nor of the West, would rally to the South’s side, to protect her rights from spoli ation and her posture from disgrace, in the admission of California, though it involved her exclusion from the soil for which she had so gallantly shed her blood, and lavished out her treasure ! Ay, verily, every Senator and Representative North of Mason and Dixon’s line, and North West of the Ohio, voted per sistingly, and to a man, for the admission of the State, just as she came here, without a pre cedent relinquishment or a reduction of limits! But, woe upon our domestic broils and colli sions, Southerners! for my indignant amaze ment at this concentrated hostility to the rights of the South, as I regarded it, was soon lost in the wonder and the sorrow with which 1 read, that no less than thirty-one Southerners (four in the Senate and twenty seven in the House) had joined with the Northerners in this baleful and most perilous experiment upon the forbearance and the nerves of the South. From the bottom of my heart should I rejoice, could I see in this measure, no deeper wrongs to the South, nor imminent hazards to the Union, —than were seen (we are to presume) by these gentle men, —but my calmest judgement instructs me, that it is plenary to the brim of the one, perilous to the brink of the other! But that I may do such justice to all, as they have done to themselves, —here are the affirmative votes or the Southerners for the admission of Cali fornia; —Let them speak for themselves: In the Senate. —Messrs. Clay and Under wood, Whigs—and Messrs. Benton and Hous ton, Democrats. In the House. — Of Tennessee, Messrs. • Anderson, Gentry, Watkins and Williams, ; Whigs; Messrs. Ewing, Johnson and Jones, Democrats. W higs, 4—Democrats, 3. Os Kentucky. —Messrs. Breck, Johnson, Marshall, McLean Moorfchead, and Thomp son, Whigs,—and Mr. Mason, Democrat. Whigs, 6—Democrat, 1. Os Maryland. —Messrs. Bowie, Evans and Kerr, W’higs,—-and Messrs. Hamilton and | McLane, Democrats. W’higs, 3—Demo i crats, 2. Os Delaware. —Mr. Houston, Whig, 1. — No Democrat. Os Missouri. —Messrs. Bay, Bowlin, Hall, and Phelps, Democrats, 4.—No Whig. Os Virginia. —Mr. Haymond, Whig, I. No Democrat. Os North Carolina. —Messrs. Caldwell ; and Stanly, W’higs, 2.—No Democrat. Totale.-'-In the Senate—Whigs, Kentucky 3*—Democrats, Missouri and Texas, 2—To tals in the House, Whigs 17, —Democrats, 10. Had these Southerners been united with their Brethren, from the moment these terri tories were acquired,—and remained firm to our rights and united of purpose,—all the probabilities are, that the South would have had free access to the mines, and that the public domain Mould liaVe been cared for, and screened from escheat, —and to say nothing of other most important results, both political and momentary, —the consideration alone, of the vast enhancement in value, of the slave-property in those States respective ly, which those Southerners represented,— should have been temptation enough, to have promoted a trial of the effects of union upon the rights and fortunes of the South. Cast an eye over the following table showing the States which these Southerners represented —the estimated number of slaves in each un der the current census, in round numbers— their present value, —and their enhanced value upon the contingency of the South’s access to the mines: Here it is.— Estimated average additional Ke, of values at values slaves in present thre/ acceaa each. rates. to mines. Delaware 2,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 Maryland 85.000 42,500,000 21,250,000 Virginia 490,000 215,000,000 107,500,000 N. Carolina 200,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 Kentucky 200,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 Tennessee 220,000 110,000,000 55,000,000 Missouri 100,000 50,000,000 25.000,000 Texas 50,000 25,000,000 12,500,000 $322,750,000 This sum of $322,750,000 has been cer tainly lost to these eight States through the course that was taken in reference to Califor nia, and in which, to the extent I have stated, their Senators and Representatives have shar ed. Had they united their strength to that of the other members from the South, the results could not have been more disastrous than they have proved, and might bare entirely succee ded, and enriched with these heavy profits— the important States whose Representatives they are! The present number has been prolonged much beyond the limits I had designed it to reach, and yet does not embrace all the mat ters I had intended to include in it. In the course of another number, I propose to touch upon topics of even higher interest than any brought to notice in this: such as the meeting of the Nashville Convention-Non-intercourse —Secesssion —all embraced in that most vi tal of questions which ever was submitted to the Southern people:—ln the present position of public affairs, What shall be done ? RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE. NO. 39. Romance m Real Life. SINGULAR RESURRECTION. • In the month of July last, a German named Henry Sposser, who lived with his family in the suburbs, started in a vegetable cart for the city, and during the three or four days that followed, was neither seen nor heard from. At the end of that time, a body was found floating near the Illinois shore be low the city, and an inquest was held, at which several witnesses identified it as the body of the missing Sposser. The family were taken over, and readily corroborated the recognition, By mutual consent, a large number of friends and acquaintances finally accompanied the melancholy burthen to its final resting place. Sposser’s effects were afterwards sold or distribted among the fami ly, and himself was only thought of to be mourned for his untimely end. Yesterday while a younger member of the family sat behind his stand at the North Market, quietly distributing bis vegetables among the buyers, he was tapped on the shoulder, and turning found himself face to free with his supposed deceased brother, Henry Sposser! To astonish the boy still more, a stranger who had Sposser by the arm, in dress, height, features, and expres sion of countenance, resembled him to the life—the graveyard apparently had made an extraordinary arithmetical calculation, put ting down one and turning out two. Fora long while the boy refused to recognize his brother, but by dint of persuasions, he con sented to accompany him, with his friend home, where the following explanation en sued : It seemed that after reaching the city, on the day he was missed, Sposser had occasion to go to the Levee, where, while he was watching a New Orleans steamer that was backing out, and just as the boat had fairly rid herself of the surrounding fleet, he recognized his broth er (newly arrived from Germany) sitting on her after guards. Spite of all his shouts and gesticulations to stop her, the steamer con tinued on her course, and Sposser had at last the mortification to know that his brother was leaving the city without having seen his relatives, under the impression, most proba bly, that they had themselves removed from St. Louis. The Grand Turk, lying by, had raised steam and was also about to start for New Orleans. Acting on the suggestion of some bystanders who seemed confident the Turk would overtake the other boat before she would reach Jefferson Barracks, Sposser went aboard, and in another five minutes was on his way down the river. The two steamers, however, unfortunately for him, seemed neither to lose nor gain on each other’s track, and Sposser, in the end, was taken to New Orleans, hoping at every mile of the route to overtake his brother in the next. In the “Crescent City” they met, took passage immediately on some other steamer for St. Louis, and as we before said, reached our city yesterday, both in fine health and spirits.— St. Louis Intelligencer. “Go out in the woods, Sambo,” said a Southern master to one of his negroes, “and cut me some crotces for a fence—to stick in the ground like this;” making at the same time an inverted A of two fingers on a table. The negro took his axe, went into the woods, was gone all day, and returned at last with nothing but his axe in his hand. “ Where are your crotches, Sambo?” asked his master. “Could n’t find none, massa, no how!” “Could n’t find any!” said his master, “why, there are thousands of them in tho woods. Why, look at that tree; there are a half dozen on that: could n’t you find any like that!” pointing to a forked branch on the tree. “ Oh, yes, massa, plenty o’ dem kind; but dey all crotch up: t’ought you wanted dem kinddat crotch dovrtt! ,> Our Jeems came out the other day with rather a tall shirt collar, which “loomed up” all the more from his wearing a narrow cra vat. “Seems to me,” said a punning friend, “you show a great deal of collar for a good natured man.” “Well, I do,” said Jeems: “you see,” he continued, (making a personal application of the retort), “my case is very much like that of a subscriber to the rail road— mv collar is up because my stock is bo low.” The other man “mizzled.”