Newspaper Page Text
Southern %ent\nd.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA:
THURSDAY MORHIHG, MARCH 13,1851.
Harper's Monthly Magazine. —The March
number fully sustains the character of this periodical,
which has deservedly obtained a wider circulation
than any similar publication in the country.
D. F. Willcox is agent for Columbus.
Buckingham's Reminiscences. —This is the title
of a very interesting work which lias been laid on our
table by A. C. Fleweli.en & Cos. The author is
one of the oldest editors in the Union, and the vol
ume before us is made up of reminiscences of his
early editorial life, abounding in extracts from hi*
contemporaries, and anecdotes. We know of no
work containing so much quaint, and at the same
time entertaining information for the editorial frater
nity as these reminiscences.
Deßow's Review or the Southern and
Western States.— The March number is on our
table. The Mowing are the contents of the number :
f. The State of Georgia.
11. Sugar.
111. SurrosiTiTiocs Reviews.
IV. The South and iier Remedies.
V. India and the Hindoos.
VI. Tiie Earth and Man.
VII. Turkey and its Destiny.
Department of Commerce , embracing articles on
the foreign commerce of Charleston ; Prices, etc. of
Cotton, etc., at New Orleans, for five years ; Tonnage
of Free and Slave States; Trade and Commerce on
Western Waters ; Curious Cotton Statistics, etc.
Agricultural Department , embracing articles on,
The Management of Negroid : Nature and Destiny
of the Negro; Negro Civilization in Freedom; Ne
gro Slavery; Handling of Cotton, etc.
Internal Improvements’ Department, embracing,
Georgia Rail Road Movements; Kentucky Roads;
Virginia Roads; Louisiana Rail Road Movements, etc.
Department of Manufactures, embracing Manu
fsetures in Georgia ; Cotton Mills of New England ;
Southern Products to the World’s Fair, etc.
Gallery of Industry and Enterprise, embrac
ing a likeness and biographical sketch of \Y m. Gregg,
of Charleston.
Editorial Department, embracing Southern Wa
tering Places and Scenery; Progress of Texas;
Home Education at the South; Population of the
States, etc.
A. C. Flewellen & Cos. are agents for the Re
view in this city.
Panorama of the Sf.a and Shores of the
Mediterranean. —Wo advise all who have not yet
visited this splendid work of art, which has been
on exhibition at the Temperance Hall in this city for
the past week, to do so at once. The last exhibition
here, will be on Saturday evening next. Asa work
of art, wc think this painting superior to any other
Panorama which we have seen, and the subject is
one of unsurpassed interest. Commencing with a
view of the fortress and city of Gibraltar, the spec
tator is carried on a voyage of grandeur and beauty
up the Mediterranean, along the coast of Spain,
France and Italy, and closing with a view of Mt.
Vesuvius in eruption.
Tiie American Art Union. —We invite the at
tention of our readers to the advertisement of this
institution over the name of Dr. Jacur Fogle, the
Honorary Secretary for this city. The institution
is one that eminently deserves public patronage, and
we hope that Dr. F. may be able to send on a large
addition to the usual number of names from this city.
Two of those who subscribed to him last year drew
valuable prizes, and the beautiful engraving which
was distributed among all the members was well
worth the subscription price. The prizes and en
gravings for this year arc said to surpass those of any
previous years. It is important to those intending to
subscribe, that they should do so at an early day,
if for no other reason, that they arc thus entitled to
the monthly number of the “Bulletin” published by
the Society, which of itself is a beautifully illustrated
Art journal. The first number will be published in
April, and none but early subscribers will receive it.
French Lessons. —Mona, de Boncarb makes a
very liberal proposition to tlic young men of the city
who wish to learn the French language but have en
gagements during tlic day which prevent them
from taking lessons. lie proposes to form a night
class of twenty scholars, which lie will instruct ev
ery night, for one dollar a lesson. By this arrange
ment each pupil is instructed for five cents a lesson,
or sls per annum. Young gentlemen desiring to
avail themselves of the proposition, would do well to
make immediate application to Mr. de Boncard.
As to this gentleman’s qualifications as a teacher, we
have no hesitation in speaking in the highest terms.
He seems to be, not only perfectly acquainted with
the philosophy of his mother tongue, but to possess
in a remarkable degree, the capacity for teaching it
to others. We take pleasure in recommending him
to all who desire to learn to speak, read and write
the French language, and wo do so, with the assu
rance, that it will not be his fault if his pupils fail to
learn what he promises to teach.
Fracas in the lloese.— Congress adjourned on
the 3d with no other disturbance than a slight per
sonal collision between Messrs. Stani.f.y and Ci.ing
han, of N. C. Mr. Stanly will win a name for him
self if his constituents disgrace themselves by keep
ing him in his place much longer. lie seemed ex
tremely anxious at one time this session to provoke
‘"WrTHu.LiARD, of Alabama, into a difficult}-. A few
days since he fought a duel with Mr. Inge, of the
same State, and closes the session in a fisticuff with
one of hia colleagues. We congratulate his North
ern friends on having a champion who will do their
fighting for them, especially as his affairs' ’ are
never attended with any “ disagreeable ” circum
stances.
Congress. —The session which closed on the 3d
inst. has been one of the most quiet that has occurred
in the history of the Government. Tlic majority
eeemed content with what it had accomplished at
the last, session, and, by general consent, the new
issues were permitted to sleep. Very little has
been said on any of the old questions, lest the
harmony of the great Union party should be dis
turbed thereby. The iron mongers have growled
somewhat, and some little noise has been made
about the River and Harbor bill, but with these
exceptions we have heard never a word about the
distracting issues which once gave life to the capitol.
The “fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of
Representatives” aeera strangely enough to have
overlooked the recommendations which his Excel
lency had the honor to submit on the subject of
fftiano. Tlic Cheap postage bill has become a law,
but itrcuiains to be seen, whether for good or evil.
Southern Industry.
We were twitted not long since by a contempora
ry with the charge of writing “fire-eating” editori
als on Northern paper. The charge was true, and
wc were ashamed of it, because we couldn't help
ourselves. But the times have changed, and we :
change with them. We have the pleasure now of
writing on the home-made artiele, the first specimen
we have ever seen , of paper manufactured at the
South, for which wc are indebted to the kindness of
Mr. G. B. Curtis, the agent of the Roek Island j
Mills, near this city. In appearance and quality it is
fully equal to the Northern paper. We have on onr
table a half ream of letter and cap writing paper
from this establishment which wc arc Bot ashamed •
to compare with the fabrics of Northern machinery.
Thus step by step we are beginning to supply our
home wants with articles of home manufacture. The
South is every day becoming less and less dependent
upon the North. Self-interest and the spirit of en
terprise, are fast settling for us a question, which we
have not had the manliness to take into our own hands.
This Union is now, one of interest merely, and that
tie is rapidly and certainly giving way before the
rising enterprise of our people. The South lias
been at once the dependence and the resource of the
North; when sho shall assume the position of a polit
ical equal and a commercial rival, the strongest bonds
of Union will have been severed. When, instead of
consuming the products of Northern industry, she
enter the field, as a competitor with them, for sup
plying the demands of the foreign markets, Conser
vatism, Nationalism and Unionism will become ab
solete ideas.
The New Postage Law.
The cheap postage bill has become a law, and al
though we have not seen all its details, the following
are some of its principal provisions. A uniform rate
of three cents is established for prc-paid letters, and
fivs cents where the postage is not pre-paid. The
rate of postage on newspapers under the new and
old law is shown by the following table, which exhib
its the postage per qdarter, for weekly, semi-weekly,
tri-weekly and daily papers:
Semi- Tri-
Weekly. Weekly. Weekly. Daily.
Under 50 miles (new bill) 5 ct*. 10 15 25
Present rate 12 24 36 48
Over 50—under 300 10 20 30 50
Pre-ent rale 18 36 51 108
Over 800—under 1000... 15 30 45 75
Pre ent rate 18 36 51 108
Over 1000—under 2000.. 20 40 60 100
Present rate 18 36 51 108
Over 2000—under4030..*25 50 75 125
Prerent rate 18 36 51 108
Over 4000 30 60 90 150
Present rate 18 36 51 108
All weekly papers arc free within the county
where they are published. Papers of less than
one and a half ounces, are Half these rates; and
papers not over 800 square inches, one-fourth of
these rates.
“The Soil of the South”
j Is the title of anew agricultural paper which has
just made its appearance in this city, published un
| der the auspices of the Muscogee and Russell
Agricultural Society, and edited by Col. James M.
Chambers, and Charles A. Peabody, Esq.; the
former having charge of the agricultural, and the
latter of the horticultural department. In its me
chanical appearance, The Soil of the South is not
surpassed by any similar publication in the United
| States, being printed on superior white paper of
Rock Island manufacture, with new,clear type. In
its matter, it surpasses, in our estimation, any of its
contemporaries, Nortli or South, filled as it is al
most entirely with original productions from the
pens of intelligent practical planters. The following
is the table of contents, which will speak for itself:
Economy and Preservation of Farm Yard Manure.
Agricultural Geology.
Remarks on Breeding.
Under Draining.
Improvement of Soils.
A Fact for Farmers—Review of the Baldwin Theory.
Agricultural Journals.
Important Rules and Tables for Fanners.
Letter from Solon Robinson—Southern Soils and South
ern Culture.
Hints to Farmers.
Crops for Fattening Hogs.
Inquiry as to the Turoentine Business.
Premiums for Subscribers.
Our Objects.
Our Cotemporaries.
To the Planters of the South.
Preparations for a New-Year.
Sub-Soiling.
Science ana Practice.
Hill-Side Ditches.
Improved Seed.
Our Terms.
Horticultural Salutatory.
Preparation of Garden Soil.
Kitchen Garden.
Planting Trees.
Hedges for Ornament and Utility.
Culture of the Native Grape.
The Smoke House.
The Dairy.
Hydraulic Ram.
Rating Fish.
To Correspondents.
To Youths.
To our Lady Readers.
Scientific Memoranda.
Premium List Muscogee and Russell Ag. Soc. 1831.
To the Southern planter, we think The Soil of
the South promises to be an invaluable treasure.
Its editors are both intelligent men, of long expe
rience in tilling the Soil: the one as a most success
ful planter, the other as an accomplished gardener.
Its contributors are gentlemen of intelligence and
experience, and they will constitute its columns a
perfect store-house of useful information. As to the
objects of the publishers, we will allow them to speak
foi themselves, in the following extracts from the
editorial columns of the number befsre us:
“Our leading motive, then, has been,and will continue
to be, to advance, primarily, the paramount interests of
agriculture, and secondarily, in their connection with this
subject, the interests of all the physical resources of the
South. We feel that in the soil upon which we tread, in
the air wo breathe, in the hidden wealth of our mines,
and in the incalculable motive power afforded by our
streams, we have within us and around us all the
elements of a great, a growing and a prosperous people.
We feel that nature has done for us all that we ought to
ask, and that if we but do our part, the path to empire
is open to us. The soil is here—let us cultivate and re
tain it; the raw material- is here—let us manufacture it;
the water-falls are here—let ns dam them and turn their
now wasted energies upon our wheels; the ores are
here—let us search them out, and turn them to service.
To apply the. words of a revolutionaiy orator—“we are
great, if we but make a proper use of the means which
the God of nature has placed at our command.”
“Here then is <a field, rich, bountiful and boundless; the
development of the physical resources of the South.
We have entered the lists as a laborer in this great field,
and if we can turn up to the attention of our readers, one
| of the many priceless jewels which we know lie buried
beneath its surface, we shall feel that we have not labor
ed in vain ; if we can add one stimulant to the labor, or
one dollar to the capital of the South, we shall feel that
we have done something ; if we succeed in making a
wiser, a better, a wealthier or a happier man of any one
of our readers, we shall feel that we have done a great
deal. We do not arrogate to ourselves the right or the
ability to teach our fellow men ; but we do hope to be
able to add somewhat to the common stock of informa
tion on the great subjects to which our attention is di
rected ; or at least we can here provide the means of
ready communication between those who are identified
in interest and pursuit, by which they may instruct each
other.”
And again:
“We propose to open here, upon the dividing
line between the gulf and Atlantic States, a store house
of thought, where shall be treasured up in these years of
plenty,.means which may be distributed before even the
! years of leanness come. We want at this convenient
point of reception and distribution, to hold converse with
the Sugar planter of the Southern portion, the Cot
ton grower of the middle belt, and the producer of Grain
and Minerals of the Northern portions of those States.
The time has come, when we can appreciate him as a
benefactor indeed, who will teach us “to make two
spears of grass grow, where there was but one before.”
We would not vainly assume ourselves to teach that,
but as the organ of other men’s thoughts, think it but
a reasonable expectation to say, we may, by putting our
ideas together, learn something. We usually gain
strength nv association. It is perhaps not more true in
any other business, than Agriculture. We have unfor
tunately imbibed a prejudice against what is called book
farming. This has resulted mainly from the fact, that
! theorv and practice hve not been properlv united : men !
j who have written books, have been mere theorists, while
: those who have been wholly practical, however well
; many of them have succeeded by dint of energy and I
perseverance, have, nevertheless, lost much for want of
’ more theory and seienee. But we hope the days of pre- ]
i judiees, and tle cause for them, are passing away. And j
in the establishment of an Agricultural journal, we pro- !
i pose not 90 much to teach the science ot Agriculture, as
! to a third a medium ot thought, open and accessible to |
a 11, where we may record alike our successes and failures, ;
I •h>o, as far as possible, understand the reasons. We, j
! therefore, invite all to comi up with vour offerings, and 1
! jet us see it we may not aiert the evils which stare os |
[ in the face, aud, under our old system, will be so soon 1
! upon ns.”
Mr. Peabody, the Horticultural editor, makes a
very graceful bow, and we extract tho following !
from his initial speech:
“Blessed as we are, with a soil and climate for the fall ‘
perfection of almost every vegetable, fruit or flower, is it
not “suicidal sloth” to look to other countries for them f j
He little knows the real value of a flower that does not j
rear it. And he who has watched the opening bud. and
beheld the tiny leaflet expand in wood and fibre,in foliage, j
blossom and fruit, feels almost that he has created some- :
thing, and more deeply loves the spot, which he calls
home. And they who plant the simple seeds of the
kitchen garden, and watch the breaking ground, the
swelling pod or the elongating root, as with hoe in hand,
through the dewy mom, they lighten up the soil, feel a
glo w of health and pleasure which wealth cannot pur
chase, and God never gives to any but those who obey
his command to till the earth; even in climates
cold and uncongenial, the perseverance and en
ergy of man have surmounted every obstacle,
and the green and hot houses of old and new
England teem with the choicest fruits, vegetables
and flowers. Here, without that expenditure of labor or
money, nearly all can be grown in the open air. In
consequence of this vast difference in soil and in climate,
there are no works published abroad, that we can rely
on here. And why should we rely on a people for our
agricultural or horticultural information, that have no
practical knowledge of onr soil or our climate? We
venture the assertion, that were the immortal Liebig
himself, to establish a farm or garden among a-, he
would meet with but poor success, until he had found, by
actual experiment, the peculiarity of our soil and climate.
We have gentlemen of experience and talent among us,
engaged in the agricultural profession ; will you come
out and sustain a work devoted to your interest ? sustain
it by your pens; give us your thoughts and your prac
tice ? The columns of the Soil of the South will be
open to ail communications embraced in the earth's cul
ture. Give us facts, and if they are not clothed in the
flowers of rhetoric and they will, nevertheless, he
truths, and “truth is powerful and will prevail.” The
tirade against “book farming” is fast dyin.c away. Men
find that to keep pace with their neighbors, they too
mu=t read, and self-interest is the greatest conqueror that
prejudice ever had. Under the Floral head, may we not
look to our fair readers for counsel ? Surely, they should
write with the “alphabet of angels,” that mortals may
read and profit by it. Ladies of the South ! give us
your experience in Flora’s walks—Loudon nor Buist
can give your experience—they have never dwelt
‘Where the tall pines rise to the bending skies,
And the wild magnolias blossom.’ ”
The terms will be found in the Prospectus which
we publish among the advertisements.
The Cotton Panic.
The recent fluctuations in the cotton maiket fur
nish but another instance of the superior tact of the
English spinners. That the present depression of
price is attributable alone to this cause, is apparent
from the fact that nothing has transpired either in
the indications of the size of the crop, the demands
of the manufacturers, or the ability of the world to
buy, of sufficient moment to have produced such a
result. The receipts at the different ports of this
country show an excess over the receipts of last
season of only about one hundred thousand bales,
and when it is considered that there is such a fal
ling off in the average weight of the packages of
this season, as to go very far towards balancing the
apparent excess, and that in consequence of the
high prices at which cotton has been selling during
the winter, an unusual proportion of the crop lias
gone forward, wc shall see how inconsiderable is the
real excess of the present over the last crop. When
bagging and rope are high, planters endeavor to
compress their crops into as few packages as possi
ble ; but the low price of these articles, and the
high price of cotton, have had the effect of making
lighter packages, and consequently increase the
number of bales without a corresponding increase of
the real amount of cotton produced. The planters,
too, have hurried their crops into market, a fact
which is verified in almost every neighborhood in
the country. Hence the amount of cotton held
back in the country is smaller than at this time last
year, and the receipts at all the ports from this time
forth, will prove that such is the ease. The best calcula
tors on this side of the Atlantic do not estimate the
crop at more than 2,150,000 bales, and the high pri
ces of the season have been sustained in Europe upon
an estimate there of 2,2’ ‘O,OOO. The present depression
has been produced by false representations made in En
gland, which have exaggerated the crop to an estimate
as high as 2,300, and in some cases, even to 2,350,-
000 bales.
Even allowing that the estimates made in this
country have fallen short of the truth by 100,000
bales, the crop does not yet exceed the absolute de
mand ; for even at the present rates for the manu
factured article, the consumption of cotton goods
amounts to a crop of 2,250,000 bales of American
cotton. We have heard a great deal of stoppages of
New England Mills, and there has been some ground
for it, but nothing like to the extent which spinners
would have us believe. Some few mills have stop
ped, and some few thousand bales less are taken of
this crop for New England consumption than of the
last, but the increase of consumption in the South
will be found to more than counterbalance the fal
ling off at the North. In Europe, too, there has
been some falling'off in the consumption, but that
decrease bears but a very small comparison with the
increase in the price. Consumption would, of course,
be checked if the world were not able to buy the
manufactured article ; but the world is able, better
able, indeed, to buy at present prices, than it was at
lower prices a few years since. Money is abundant,
credit is easy without being reckless, provisions are
plenty, the world is at peace, and, in short, trade is as
free from embarrassment as it has been at any time
in a long series of years. There is, then, no good
cause for the present depression ; no reason for the
present panic among cotton holders. It is very cer
tain, that if those who hold cotton are to be fright
ened into terms, and will foree their crops upon the
market at present prices, that they place themselves
and their interests in the hands of European buy
ers. They may do more. They may extend this
panic into a needless revulsion ; for although credit
had not been expanded beyond the capabilities of the
country to meet its demands, yet if the contraction
is suddenly forced upon the country, a collapse may
ensue. He who has a bale of cotton on’ hand, is
then not only sacrificing his own interests, but en
dangering the welfare of others, by putting it upon
the market at, the present prices. If you manifest a
readiness to sell at existing rates, of course it will go
no higher, and may go a great deal lower; but if by
your firmness in withholding it, you manifest your
confidence in its ultimate recation, you force the Eu
ropean purchaser into the market, and on your own
terms. There is nothing more true, than that
those who hold the balance of the crop of last season
have the price in their own hands. Cotton has been
high, it is true, but it has not been higher than the
prices which the world was able to pay, woul l j usti
fy ; and if we but show our confidence by holding,
there is no good reason why prices should not again
reach the highest point of the season. We urge
npon the planters, therefore, not to sell at present
prices; hold your cotton for ninety days and ther.e
is but little doubt that it will pay you a handsome
interest on the investment.
Charges against the Secretary of State.
Mr. Webster is either a dishonest man, or the
most unfortunate politician of the day, for no man
occupying so prominent a position has been the subject
of so many foul accusations. There seems to be,
too, a singular consistency in the charges preferred
against him, all agreeing in the subject matter—dis
honesty in money matters. It is difficult to realize
that the charge of bribery could be substantiated
; against so great and distinguished a man as Mr.
Webster, and if it had been preferred now for the
first time in his history, public opinion would at once
put down the aecusation as a foul slander. But the
American public has become used to seeing the god
like Daniei. arraigned for similar offences, and hence,
Mr. Allen, a Representative from Massachusetts,
makes the charge direct, in Congress, and very little
noise is made about it. According to Mr. Allen,
Mr. Webster announced to his friends, before he
accepted the Secretaryship, that he stood in need of
’ $50,000; that without it he could not accept the
’ post, and with it he could do so, and might be able,
l in office, to do something for them in return.
Twenty -five thousand was to be raised in New York,
and a similar sum in Boston. The New Yorkers
did their share—but his Boston friends, by reason of
having been frequently assessed for similar purposes
previously, did not raise more than $19,000. Mr.
Ashmun, who seems to be Mr. Webster's chosen
champion in the House, (it was he who repelled the
charges made by Mr. Lngersoll in 1846,) very I
promptly and indignantly denounced the statement j
made by Mr. Allen, as a falsehood, and called upon
him for the proof. There the matter rests at pres
ent ; but we hope Mr. Webster will not allow the ;
matter to be thus disposed of. If he is innocent, let j
him be vindicated, and his accuser branded as a
libeller; if Mr. Webster is guilty, we hope his
guilt will be exposed, and visited in disgrace upon
Ms head.
ITT We find the following bit of Washington city
gossip in the editorial columns of the New York
Herald, and though the equivocal character of the
authority may entitle it to very little consideration,
yet it is a fact that Bennett sometimes stumbles
upon the truth, and the following may turn out to
be of some importance. He says:
“The national democratic party is to be reorganized
upon anew platform. We are informed that some of the
leaders of the party at Washington have already been
consulting upon the subject, and that the Southern ultras
are favorably inclined to reconciliation on the basis of
the protection of Southern interests. The platform
which has been sugmestsd is, in addition to a positive
support of the rights of the South under the Constitution”—
1. “A partial reduction of the tariff of IS4G.
2. “A reduction of the offices of the Federal Govern
ment.”
3. “A reduction of the naval establishment.”
4. “A reduction of the salaries of Federal offices, and
the abolition of sinecure s .”
5. “A suspension of further contracts for mail steam
ere.”
6. “A modification of the navigation laws in favor of
the South.”
7. “A suspension ot grants of the public lands to inter
nal improvement-, and the diversion of the whole pro
ceeds to the public trea-ury.”
8. “A per eentage on gold dust extracted from the
public domain in California.”
9. “The acquisition of Cuba.”
“Here is a broad field of retrenchment and'reform. It
was the war cry under which General Jackson was
elected, when the annual expenees of the Government,
under John Q. Adams, were thirteen millions a year.
Now they are fifty millions, and constantly increasing.
Retrenchment and reform will he good capital for 1852,
and it will certainly require all the reductions proposed
to purchase the island of Cuba. We shall have, proba
bly, further information of the movements of the demo
cratic politicians at Washington before the adjournment.”
We do not believe that there is one grain of truth
in the whole report, and for the very sufficient
reason that we do not believe there is a Northern
democrat of any consequence at home, who would
dare to carry that platform before his people. It
savors too much of respect for our rights and re
gard for our interests to find favor with Northern
democrats or Northern whigs. If the Southern ul
tras themselves had met in convention for the pur
pose of adopting a platform of party organization in
the Union, they would not. perhaps, have been more
stringent than these provisions. For leaving out of
the question, all idea of remedy for the grievances of
the past, and looking only to protection against future
wrongs, the most uncompromising fire eater of the
South might well be content with this declaration of
principles. We do not hesitate, in this view of the
ease, to give in oufvadhesion to a party organized on
this basis, notwithstanding we believe we pass for an
ultra on the question of Southern rights. If we are
to abandon all hope of seeing the North and South
separated, and we are forced against our inclinations
to remain in the Union, why, common sense, arnT
common regard for the South which we love, would
dictate that course which affords most security and
protection to our section of the Union. AVe have
believed, and still believe, that the institutions of the
South could not be secure, so long as they remained
subject to the legislation of a majority hostile to their
interests, and wc have accordingly advocated ns the
only protection against wrong, a complete severance
of the bonds by which the free and slave States ave
held together. In our estimation, the South can not
be made secure from injury this side of dissolution,
and hence we have been and are now, openly, boldly
and unequivocally in favor of dissolution, immediate,
complete, and final. But if, as wc have said, we
must remain in the Union, we are for making our
quarters as comfortable as the nature of the case will
allow. Looking, therefore, to a continuance of the
Union, we can not suggest a more favorable basis of
party organization than the one in question.
already intimated, however, we believe that platFfci
is a mere creature of the imagination of the
It may serve very well as a subject for just such
newspaper speculation as we have indulged in, but
will never be made the matter of practical party
application. Should it turn out, however, contrary
to our present expectations that the Herald man
has seen deeper into the futurertlian wc have given
him credit for, we shall be one of the first to mount
that platform, provided always we have any confi
dence in the honesty of purpose on the part of those
with whom we may become affiliated, to carry ont
faithfully, the principles they avow.
[for the southern sentinel.}
The Ladies’ Fair
The Eighteenth instant, and the New Temper
ance Hall, have been selected as the time and the
place for the great Rail Road Fair proposed to be
opened by the ladies of Columbus and vicinity,
for the purpose of raising funds with which to pur
chase a magnificent passenger ear to be presented to
tiie Muscogee Rail Road. We give the public fair
notice that the contemplated Fair , if the evening
should be a fair one, will far exceed any affair ever
got up by the fair of our city, so that every one who
wishes to claim a share of the honors which we know
will attach to all concerned, may have a fair oppor
tunity in advance. AVe have been so far admitted
into counsel, ns to be allowed a peep at the list of
j good things promised for the occasion, and if we
j mistake not. the only difficulty will be in finding a
i place large enough to contain the tables. AVe are
i authorized to invite every body, with the comfortable
assurance that every body will find ample accom
modations.
The object is a laudable one; one that speaks
well for the enterprise and public spirit of the ladies,
and one that should enlist the sympathies and the
active co-operation of the gentlemen. The idea,
too, is an original one. The Muscogee Road will be
the first in our country which has been honored with
the donations of the ladies, and with such fair
auspices, who shall doubt its success ? * * *
[From The Soil of the South.]
HYDRAULIC RAM.
We have read much of this wonderful ma
chine, and have thought that if half that has
been written upon it was true, it is well worth
the attention of farmers and gardeners in this
section. But recently we were invited to witness
with our own eyes one in full and successful op
eration at the residence of Joel E. Hurt Esq.,
of Wynnton. It so far surpasses all ideas we
had formed of its utility, that we unhesitatingly
pronounce it one of the greatest inventions of the
age. Mr. Hurt’s residence is upon a high bluff,
and at the foot of the bluff, some three hundred
feet below, gushes a limped spring. This chrys
tal water, in all its purity, now flows through his
gardens, his green houses, his bath houses, and
plays fantastic capers through the mazy fountain;
and the whole cost of this constant supply of
pure water, including fountain, reservoir and all,
is less than three hundred dollars. In the main
spring fits a tight, wooden curb, with a pipe
leading from it, until it attains a fall of six feet;
In order, however, to attain this fall, the pipe is
sunk in the ground, and the box containing the
ram also sunk some three feet; thus a fall of
six feet is obtained. The water plays from the
! spring, through the pipe, into the ram head,
i working two pistons, which force the water up
[ almost a perpendicular hill, eighty feet above the
| level of the spring, into a reservoir made of com-1
mon plank and lined with tin. The reservoir |
j stands upon brick pillars, and from it water is j
carried to every part of the premises. There is j
nine hundred and fifty feet of leaden pipe, which, j
including the rant and laying down, cost but two !
hundred and four dollars. There is no part of
the world where these machines are as applica- j
ble as in the country around us. There is hard- j
ly a plantation but what a fall of water may be j
obtained of from five to twenty feet; and if the
proprietor has no greeu houses, and cares noth- j
ing for the music df dancing waters, it will be i
the cheapest investment that he can make to I
bring fresh water to his dwelling for bathing pur- j
poses, and to his garden to preserve his vege- {
tables from the summer droughts. But to those j
who have a taste for the beautiful as well as the I
useful, two or three hundred dollars cannot be *
better appropriated. Nothing harmonise? better
with son foliage and gay flowers, with enamelled
walks and shady bowers, than the music of fell
ing water. And then the bath ! What a luxu
ry’ in this burning clime to have a constant sup
ply of pure fresh water, that the children, like
young ducklings, may splash at pleasure, giving
them health, cleanliness and comfort. We say
then to our readers who have the means, search
I no longer for luxury or comfort until first you
! have set in operation one of these hydraulic j
rams. Mr. Philits, the enterprising proprietor, j
may be found in Columbus, and will put them j
down with any fall, of from four to twenty feet, j
The greater the fail the more power the ram has j
ito elevate the water. One of the greatest re- ]
| commendations that this hydraulic ram posses
| ses is, its extreme simplicity —not being liable to
i get out of order.
[From the Savannah Georgian.]
RAIL ROAD MEETING.
At a special meeting of the Stockholders*
of the Central Rail-Road and Banking Com
pany, held yesterday in pursuance of a reso
lution passed at a meeting of Stockholders on
Oth January last, His Honor the Mayor, R.
Wayne, M. D., was called to the chair; and
John R. Wilder and William James Bulloch
appointed Secretaries.
I pon counting the shares represented at the
j meeting it was found that there were of old
stock 14,170, and of new stock 4,894.
The committee appointed by the meeting
in January, to investigate the affairs of the
: Muscogee Rail Road Company, .and also
i suggest a plan for building the twenty-one
; miles of Rail Road from Fort Valley to con
| nect the South-Western Rail Road with the
i Muscogee Branch, submitted through their
chairman, R. R. Cuvier, Esq., a report re
commending a subscriptioiik)fs 100,000 to that
object, which was unanimously adopted.
Mr. Cuyler then submitted the following
resolutions, which, alter much discussion, were
adopted by a very large majority:
Whereas the Capital Stock of the Com
pany now stands at 53,000,000 which have
been appropriated as follows, to wit: $205,-
790 to Banking and the residue to Road pur
poses.
And whereas, the Road and its appurte
nances now stand on the hooks at $3,029,-
154 54—thus making the Road debtor for
the whole Bank capital, and the further sum
of $29,154 54.
And whereas, the enlargement of the De
pot at Savannah, the junction of the Rail
roads at Macon—the relaying of the unfin
ished portion of the Road with heavy iron,
and a further increase of the Engines and
Cars of the Company, all imperiously de
manded by the great increase of business
soon certainly to come to the Road, and
plainly warranted by the present earnings of
the Road and the expectation of that increas
ed business.
Resolved, That it is the true policy of the
Company to provide at once for the speedy
placing of its Road and equipments in a con
dition suitable for the emergency, and to pro
vide for the return of the Banking Capital.
Resolved, ‘That the Board of Directors be
and they are hereby authorized and directed
to dispose of new general stock of the Com
pany, to the amount of 5,060 shares, of 100
dollars each—at such time or times as they
may think most suitable, and that they apply
the proceeds thereof, (together with such an
nual surplus, after paying dividends at the
rate of eight per centum per annum, as the
Board may find properly and safely applica
ble,) to the purposes above indicated.
And whereas, it is reasonably to he expec
ted that the surplus profits of the Company,
(after paying dividends at the rate of eight
per centum per annum to the general Stock
holders, and the rates of dividend due to hold
ers of guaranteed stock,) safely applicable to
these purposes, will, in three years, amount to
$329,154 54; and therefore that, if the
course mentioned in the preceeding resolu
tions is strictly pursued, the Company will
be able, at the end of three years, after ex
pending $629,154 54 for Road purposes, to
place its Road and equipments in a fit and
proper condition for the business it may offer
-—to keep the cost thereof down to $3,500,-
000, and to restore the Bank capital to the
amount of $200,000. And it is further be
lieved that the nett income of the Company
thereafter will be at least $375,000.
Resolved, That if this expectation shall be
realized, the Company will then he justified
in issuing additional stock to the amount of
$300,000 as a dividend to the then holders of
general stock—thus making the capital $4,-
000,000 —of which the Road and its appurte
nances will stand for $3,500,000 and the res
idue will be for Banking $200,000.
And whereas it is considered just and pro
per that the present general Stockholders
should have the privilage of taking the new
stock above authorized at par if they desire
it—
Resolved, That the said new stock be of
fered first to the persons who hold the present
20,845 shares of old stock, in the ratio or
proportion of $24,000 of new stock for each
of the said 20,845 shares, and that the offer
be kept open until the first day of December
next.
And furlher Resolved , That if any of the
present holders of the 20,845 shares, on sub
scribing for new stock, shall pay one-fourth
down in cash and desire time to pay for the
remainder, the Board of Directors be and
they are hereby directed to extend the time
of payment, on a pledge of stock, at lawful
interest, say for one quarter six months, one
quarter nine months, and the last quarter
twelve months.
Major A. Porter offered a resolution in fa
vor of a subscription by this Company of one
hundred thousand dollars, to the stock of the
Augusta & Waynesboro’ Railroad Company
—when Mr. Cuvier offered the following res
olution as a substitute, which was carried:
Resolved, That it is the sense of this meet
ing, that this Company ought to aid the Au
gusta & Waynesboro’ Railroad Cos., by sub
scribing to the stock of that Company ther
j sum of $95,000, payable in this Company’s
7 per cent, bonds whenever it shall appear to
the Board of Directors that this subscription
is necessary to finish the Road to Augusta.
On motion of P. L. Wade, Esq. the meet
! ing adjourned,
i
THE KENT COUNTY MASSACRE.
! STILL FURTHER AND MORE AUTHENTIC
PARTICULARS.
The Baltimore Sun furnishes the following j
j additional particulars of the late shocking
j tragedy, obtained from a gentleman who had :
visited the scene of the murder :
!
The tragedy was enacted, it is thought, :
j about half past six on Thursday evening. ;
I Mr. Coseden who was a most worthy, indus
i trious and highly respected young farmer,
; had just risen from the supper table, and was
about taking a seat by the fire, when he dis- j
covered a man standing outside of the win
dow with a gun leveled at him, which he
fired instantly, the ball taking effect, and he !
fell. The man who fired the gun then came
to the door, and, finding it fastened, knocked
a panel out with the muzzle of his gun, and ,
putting his hand in, removed the fastening, j
leading to the inference that he knew exact
ly how it was fastened. On opening the
door, Mrs. Cosden and Miss Cosden ran to
the opposite comer of the room, when he
leveled his gun again, and fired, the ball taking
effect on Miss Cosden, who he also rushed oil
and stabbed with a knife in both breasts.
Mrs. Cosden then fled into the yard, and
the small white boy ran behind the door and
succeeded in effecting his escape, the smoke
of the gun concealing him. The hoy says
he saw a tall man standing in the yard as he
ran off*. Mrs. Cosden was found dead in
the yard, having been both shot and stabbed.
The rings were taken off* of her fingers, and
the ear-rings torn out of her ears.
They then, observing that Mr. Cosden was
still alive, shot him again and stabbed him,
whilst one of them trampled and jumped on
his body. He, however, lived three hours af
ter the tragedy was discovered, and stated
that the man who shot him was unknown to
him, but that he was a thick-set man, with
black whiskers. He also heard two other
men talking outside at the time the one inside
was effecting his murderous object on Miss
Cosden, lint did not. see them.
Miss Rebecca C. Webster, who was lying
sick lip stairs, on hearing the alarm and re
ports of the gun, had fastened the door of
her room, and one of the men came up and
broke the door open. She states that she
implored him for her life, and told him that
all the money she had was in her trunk. He
then examined the trunk, and being unable
to find the money, as it was tied up, he re
turned to her bed and shot her in the breast,
and several slugs were found in the bed,
which was also set on fire, either by the wad
ding or intentionally by the assassin. * She
survived until Saturday evening about 7
o’clock, when she died.
The black woman belonging to Deputy
Sheriff’ Edwin Crouch, who resided on the
adjoining farm, about a mile distant, but
was hired to Mr. Cosden. She was enga
ged at the time at the ironing-table in the
kitchen, and on turning around observed the
kitchen door slightly opened, and two guns,
ora double-barrelled gun, was fired at her—
both shots taking effect—on* in her side,
and the other passing through and shattering
her wrist. She immediately succeeded in
making her escape out of another door and
ran to the residence of her master, on the
adjoining farm, and loudly called for him.
On reaching the house she fell from exhaus
tion, and at the last accounts was still alive,
though but little hopes were entertained of
her recovery. She states that she did not
see the persons who fired any of the guns.
There have been three persons arrested on*
the charge of being concerned in the murder.
William W. Webster, an uncle to Mrs.
Cosden and also of Miss Rebecca C. Web
ster, her sister, who resides in Delaware,
was arrested on Friday, and underwent an
examination before a magistrate in that State,
and proved an alibi by several most respecta
ble witnesses. He was arrested on the tes
timony of a brother of Mrs. Cosden, about
ten years of age, who had said he heard his
uncle make some threats against Cosden
and his family; besides which, there had
been a difficulty between him and Mr. Cos
den about some land. This was the boy
that escaped from the house at the time of
the massacre, and fled to Georgetown Cross
Roads and gave the alarm. Mr. Webster
having come over to Mr. C’osden’s place on
Sunday to attend the funeral of the four vic
tims, was arrested on suspicion of having
some connection with or knowledge of the
affair, and committed for further examination.
The second one arrested is James Roberts,
a travelling clock mender, who bore the ex
act description of the assassin given by Miss
Webster, even to the size, build and shape,
and also to patches on the knees of his pan
taloons, as the one who had entered her
room. He was brought before her before
she died, and she three times declared that he
was the guilty party. He, however, suc
ceeded iri proving that he was at Federicks
town, in Cecil couMyV between two and
three miles off) at the time the murder is sup
posed to have beeen committed—proving the
alibi by most responsible witnesses. This
man had been in Mr. Cosden’s house on the
same day or day previous, to mend the clock,
and was invited to remain to dinner. During
the dinner hour Mr. Cosden had sent up
stairs to borrow a dollar from Miss Webster,
lie was discharged on proving the alibi, but
was immediately arrested on the charge of
having entered the house of Mr. Stevens, at
Georgetown Cross Roads, at 12 o’clock on
the previous night, so as to have him at hand
if further testimony should connect him with
the transaction. He belongs to Delaware, in
Appoquinomink hundred.
The Third party arrested is William Shel
ton, a mill hand, in the mill of Mr. Voshell,
in nearly the same neighborhood where
Roberts came from. The suspicion against
him arises from the fact of his having recent
ly bought a double barrelled gun, a revolver
or double-barrel pistol, and some dirk knives,
at Smyrna. He had also been seen by a
boy in the mill casting bullets from some par
ticular kind of metal used in the mill, whom
he cautioned not to say anything about it, or
the possession of the gun and arms, all of
which he kept concealed to Mr. Voshell.
His personal appearance corresponded with
that described by Mr. Cosden as the man
who had shot and stabbed him, the bullet ex
actly fitted his gun, and were of the same
metal as that used in the mill, and the door
bore the mark of having been broken open
by a blow from the muzzle of a double-barrel
gun. He was also absent from the mill, from
the previous Tuesday until after the murder,
when he was arrested at or near the Cecilton
Cross Roads. On these grounds he was;
j committed for further examination, and all j
! three are now in Kent county jail.
The excitement against Roberts was in- i
tense, and if he had not succeeded in proving
an alibi, it is probable that he would have !
been lynched forthwith by the people.
The hoy who ran to Georgetown Cross ■
Roads states that lie first ran towards Mr. {
Crouch’s house, hut thinking he heard the rob- !
bers in the stable, turned his course towards :
the Cross Roads.
Mr. Crouch also immediately started an
express off to arouse the neighbors, and on
| the arrival of two men from the Cross Roads
in the vicinity of the house, Miss Webster
stated that she heard their horses’ hoofs, when
the assassins took fright and fled, having just
at that moment shot her. Although she made
no statement of the kind, the physicians,
consisting of Drs. James Highe, G. W. Gra
ham and John E. Marsh, who examined her
body after death, as well as that of Miss
Cosden, state that an attempt had been made
to commit a rape on both of them, either be
fore or after they were shot.
The funeral of the four victims, Mr. and j
Mrs. Cosden, Miss Cosden and Miss Web
ster, took place on Sunday morning at II
o’clock, and was attended by hundreds of [
persons collected from many miles around, j
and the excitement relative to the bloody af
fair has had no parallel in that section of j
country.
THE STEAMER ATLANTIC.
A private letter from Captain West, of the
steamer Atlantic, to a friend in Philadelphia,
published in the Bulletin, gives the following
account of the disaster to this noble ship: “
Cove of Cork, Jan. 27th.
When the accident happened there was a
high sea, with heavy squalls, but moderating
a little; the lulls being longer than they had
been. As I had been steaming head to wind,
all was snug, fore-yards down, Arc., which
left me nothing hut my fore and aft sails to
heave to, and*they were often becalmed by
the heavy roll of the ship, as she la v in the
trough of the sea. The next day it moder
ated a little and we ere employed in send
ing down the small maintopniast and getting
the foreyard up; getting the floats off their
wheels, Ac. After five days incessant labor
on mv part, and never going below, I found
I was drifting to the eastward. Found that
with salt provisions and two meals a day, I
had thirty days provisions on board. Called
the passengers together and told them my in
tention of putting the ship’s head to the
eastward. They said, “Captain, we have
every confidence in you, but do, my dear
fellow, tike care of yourself; for what would
become of us if any accident should happen
to you V* About four o’clock that morning I
fell, during a heavy roll, and was picked up
and carried to my room, stunned by a blow
on the head. At five 1 was up again.
All this time the ship did not ship a drop of
water nor did she leak a drop. How I love
that ship, and how fearful I was that I should
lose her! After we kept away, we averaged
150 miles a day; sometimes going nine miles
(in hour, with but little sail, as I was obliged
to he careful. All I had was up, and it
was small for such R hull. She is a great
ship—scuds like a gulf, and on account of her
great length so safe when lying to. After all
this work of mind and body, I deeply feel
how much is to he attributed to the kindness
of the Almighty in favoring us with the
winds to reach a port of safety.
The night I made Cape Clear Light it was
blowing from the N. W., with hail and snow.-
On we went, and at two in the morning tint
ifrOon rose, tlio weather was clear and we
made the light. At eight o’clock took the pilot
for Cork; three o’clock anchored and sent off*
all the passengers. This was the finest anil
most moderate day for five weeks. That
night the weather became stormy again, I
mention this to show you how blessed wet
have been. *****
Jam Ei West.
Another letter, from the Captain to her
owners, s.iy's :—“The ship is in good order,
arid made no water—the cargo cannot he
damaged.”
TERRIBLE tornado.
FAYETTEVILLE, TENNESSEE, IN RUINS.
Great. Destruction of Property— Lamentable
Loss oj Life —Full Particulars of the
Calamity.-
Fayetteville, TeniK, Feb. 25.
A few minutes past four o’clock yesterday
morning, a great portion of our town was
laid in ruins by a storm which swept every
thing*before it.
Here follows a list of churches, houses, ho
tels and stores, that were blown down. The
names of two women and four children, whey
were killed, are also given. The account’
then proceeds—
Several others Were dangerously, and rnanv
seriously wounded. Cows, horses and stock
are dead in every direction.
Pen cannot describe the awful scene. The
world seefned to he coming to an end. The’
wind roared and blew with fearful violence it
perfect hurricane, amidst which coiilif be
heard the shrieks of women and the screnn’i's
of children, falling houses, crumbling walls,
timbers dashing against timbers, mingled with
peals of thunder; and the air was alive with
electricity, followed by rain in torrents, and
an impenetrable darkness, while still from
every quarter cattle agonizing cries for assis
tance. Truly, it was a terrible scene! The
heart sickens at the’ recollection.
The tornado came from’ the Southwest.—
The streets are almost entirely blocked with
a confused mass of timbers, and not unfre
quently the whole wreck of large houses was
thrown and strewn for hundreds of yards.
The following is a hasty summary:
The Presbyterian Church, Cumberland
• Presbyterian Church, Market-house, Stone
breaker’s Tanyard, and all the buildings
around were totally destroyed.
[ A list is here given of 42 persons Whose
houses were greatly damaged, including the
jail, and 12 slightly.}
The above is only partial and hasty. Im
agine a besom sweeping everything before it
—houses, trees, fences, rails, planks, Arc,, —and
you have even then failed to realize the full
extent of the havoc. But the saddest scene
of all was to witness the human sufferings.
Scarcely could you meet a citizen that was
not bruised or maimed.
Another account gives the names of some
twenty persons who were severely wounded.
The tornado passed off in a north-east di
rection.
[From the Conrtitutionali t.]
One Week later from Europe.
ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMER PACIFIC.
COTTON DECLINED AND ADVANCED—MONEY
EASY—LORD JOHN RUSSELL RESIGNED—
FROHABLE WAR BETWEEN TURKEY AND
EGYPT.
We have a despatch from New York, da
ted the 6th instant, which announces the ar
rival of the Pacific from Liverpool, which
port she left on the 22d ult, which furnishes
us with one week’s later intellingence from
| Europe.
_ Cotton. —The receipt of the Arctic’s ad
i ‘’ices at Liverpool, which represented an in
crease in receipts, caused one-eighth pence
decline in the Liverpool market, which
brought spinners and Exporters out, and the
market closed firmer, the lower and middling
qualities having advanced one-eight.
The Money Market was easy. Consofe
quoted at 96L
Lord John Russell had resigned bat holds
office until another appointment is made,
Poland is filled with Russian troops, andl
1 there is a probability of a war between Turn
key and Egypt.
Charleston, March 8, P. M.
Cotton. —Former prices are sustained.
Sales to-day 1,200 hales at 7 to lOf cents.
MARRIED,
At Oak Bowery, (Ala.,) on the 6th nit., by Ac Rev.
Jno. Starr, Rost. A. Smith, Esq., of Maeon, (Ga.,) to
Miss Catharine A. Dowdell, of Chambers county.
(Ala.)
DIED,
On the morning of the 28th of February, at the re?j
dence of her son-in-law, Col. A. K. Ayer, Mrs. M>r
tha Mims, in the 71st year of her age, of palsy. Sho
was a picas and consistent member of the Baptist chureh
for about forty-five years ; and fee wife of Mr. Livingston
Mims, Sr., formerly of Edgefield, South Carolina.