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COtlM3lB, GEORGIA:
THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 20,1851.
Acknowledgements.—We are indebted to Hon.
Marshall J. Wellborn for a volume of the Appen
ds of the Congressional Glebe, and to How. Ho. A.
Haralson for the Agricultural part of the Patent
Office Report for 1850. These are documents worth
preserving, and we thank the gentlemen who have
remembered ua, for them.
“The Southern Independent.’*— A new weekly
paper, with th above title, mqje Its first appearance
last Friday in our neighboring town —Girard, Ala.
The Independence published by Wm. C. Howell, !
and edite4bv4£>l. Wm. N. Nelson. Mr. llowfli. ‘
is printer, (aa evidenced in the neat ;
of his paper,) and a deserving young
man. Success to him iu his new undertaking. Col.
Nelson is a gentleman of intelligence, liberal cdu- i
cation, and fine feelings, and, we doubt not, will prove ,
not only a valuable, but an agreeable acquisition to
the editorial fraternity. In politics, the Independent
takes the submission side of the question of the
day— goes for the Union as it is, and is willing to
adopt the compromise platform. So far, hut in
nothing else, we agree to disagree with our new
contemporary, and in this our difference is one of
opinion merely, not of feeling. The Independent,
publisher, editor and all, have our best wishes for a
w ide circulation, and no bad subscriptions.
The Fair.
In the completeness of its arrangements, in the
beauty of its display, in its results and objects, the
ladies Rail Road Supper of Tuesday evening, sur
passed every thing we have ever seen in this citv.
Ihe crowd was a large one, the supper was a mag
nificent one, and the evening was a delightful one.
<>f course, it was necessarily all this, and a great
deal more, because the Ladies ok Columbus were
nt the head of it. The proceeds amount to nearly
SIOOO, which, as is generally known, are to be ap
propriated to the purchase of a splendid passenger
cur to be presented to the Muscogee Rail Road.
Wc understand from Mr. Jones, the Engineer of
the road, that the car has already been ordered. It
is to accommodate sixty-passengers, fitted up in the
most elegant and approved style, and christened—
“ The Gift,’* —a most appropriate name. Notwith
standing the warning of some cynical old bachelor
whose communication we received through tlie “Post
Office” on the occasion of the supper, against “spilin’
the wiinmiu with outrageous puffs,” we can not but ;
express the unalloyed delight with which we have j
regarded this demonstration of public spirit on their
part, and the perfection with which it was carried
out. ’I liree cheers for the ladies of Columbus.
Prof. Rjcaud, it will be seen from his ad-,
vertisement, proposes to give lessons in French and
Spanish. He is very highly recommended by those
whom lie has taught, and by Mons. deßo.ncard of
this city, to whom lie refers.
Kta writer in the Griffin Jeffersonian nominates
lion. Hu. A. Haralson, of Troup, to be run as the |
candidate of the Democratic party for Governor of
Georgia.
Appointment.— .Mr. A. F. Owen, member of the
late Congress from the Macon (Ga.) District, has
been appointed by the President, and confirmed by
the Senate, ns Consul to Havana. This is said to be
one of the best appointments in the gift of the
Government. We regret to learn that Mr. Owen’s
feeble health has been his main inducement in seek
ing the position.
Death of George McDuffie. —We regret to
learn, (tmy the Columbia Telegraph of yesterday,)
by a despatch from a friend at Camden, that General
Gf.ork McDuffie expired at 9 o'clock, A. M.,
yesterday, at the residence of Richard Singleton,
Esq., in Sumpter. The event at any time for years
past, would not have been considered improbable
from his condition of physical prostration and suffer
ing, but coming now near the anniversary of Mr.
Calhoun's death, it must excite sadness and regret.
The name of George McDuffie is now enrolled on
mir list of the departed whose memories Carolina
will ever cherish, and to this list the last few years
have made fearfully rapid additions.
The Southern Literary Messenger. —Wo
are pleased to see in the punctuality with which the
March number has made its appearance, and the ■
richness of its contents, the evidences of prosperity
with this long established and popular Southern
magazine. The March number is fully equal, if not
superior, to any contemporaneous publication of the
literary periodical press of the country. Mr. Thomp
son, the present accomplished editor, is fast restor
ing the Messenger to its former proud position.
The fault of this monthly is, that it has been too
pood—too substantial — too purely literary. It has
not been the aim of the publisher to fill his pages i
with pictures, fashion plates and love-sick stories. .
He has attempted to supply the public with a month
ly of stoning worth, and the consequence lias been j
that he has got his hundreds , while his Philadelphia
contemporaries have received their thousands of sub- )
seribers. We venture that Godey and Graham
have both a larger circulation through the South
than the Messenger, and in point of literarv excel- j
Luce, the Messenger as far surpasses cither of the
others, as they surpass it in circulation. True, the
Messenger is published at five dollars, and the
Plifladeiph'ra monthlies are furnished at three, and
in this we think Mr. Thompson makes a mistake.
Wc believe that if the subscription price of the
Messenger, were reduced to three dollars, and a little
more exertion in the way of premiums, puffs and
advertisements, were made, the Richmond paper
would soon double and treble its fist of subscribers.
Address John R, Thompson, Richmond, Va.
Another Fire in New Orleans.— Another
conflagration has recently occurred in the Crescent j
City, consuming a part of Banks’ Arcade, the Com- j
mercial Bulletin office, and several other buildings.
OCjT The N. O. Delta estimates the deficiency of
the Pork crop in the Western States this year, as
compared with last year, at 93,993,360 pounds—
equal to 468,009 barrels.
0 3r We learn from the N. O. Delta, that the
population of New Orleans City proper, in 1847,
was 94,526 —it is now 120,951, being an increase
of 26,425, or equal to 27 1-3 per cent.
In tlie Senate, on Saturday, a communication
was received from Mr.Yui.EE, claiming to have been
elected by the Legislature of Florida, lie having re
ceived 29 votes, and all the others being blanks.
The communication was laid on the table and order
ed to be printed.
“The Cuban Conspirators.”— After three in
effectual jury trials, Gen. Henderson has been dis
charged from further prosecution on the charge of
connection with the Cuban affair. The jury, in each
successive trial, has been unable to agree, and as the
chances for a conviction seemed to grow less with
each effort, the prosecuting officer dismissed the
prosecution; and inasmuch as the same difficulties
would exist in the eases of the other prisoners, tlie
same disposition was all the indictments.
Gens. Lopez, Quitman and others are therefore dis
charged.
OCp The steamer Empire City arrived at New
\ York from CUagres on Saturday, with one hundred
j and sixty passengers, and $750,000 worth of gold
i dust. On Saturday the steamer Georgia arrived,
j bringing one hundred and fifty passengers, and
| about half a million in gold. The Georgia brings j
the California mails. The more important items of j
j the news has reached us via New Orleans.
Governor of New Hampshire. —The Derno- I
! eratic candidate for Governor Hampshire is be- t
j l eved to be defeated. The legislature is supposed J
| to be divided equally between wings and free Boilers j
1 and democrats. Perkins and Tucks, wbigs, have I
; been elected to Congress, from the Ist and 3d dia
: triets. In the remaining districts, democrats have
j been re-elected. —Charleston Courier.
An Anti-Fugitive slave law meeting has been
. held at Lynn, Mass., at which the Mayor of the city
presided, and made the declaration that no slave
should be taken from that city.
Movements of Jenny Lind. —Barxum writes j
! from New Orleans, under date of 26th ultimo, to his j
| agent, Mr. Greenwood, at New York, that owing •
1 to new arrangements which have been made, Jenny j
Lind will he enabled to arrive back in New York |
| about the 25th of April. At the conclusion of her )
; farewell concerts there, she will give a series in
■ Philadelphia, Canada, and Boston, and sail for Eng
land in the course of the summer. Barxum also
1 states positively that Salvi has been secured.
The River and Harbor Bill.
In the hurry and bustle of the adjournment, and
! bv the fortunate management of a few of the meni
i bers, this scheme of public plunder was defeated at
, the late session of Congress. Millions of money
j have been thus fruitlessly spent, and we rejoice that
! the efforts so strenuously made to*repeat the opera
tion at the late session, have been foiled, even by a
j resort to parliamentary stratagem. We regard such
appropriations as involving a most dangerous usur
pation of power by the general government, and as
, unjust us it is dangerous. It is the most potent of
j all instrumentalities in federalizing the government;
it is the most extravagant mode of squandering the
people's money; it creates an unnecessary draft
upon the public treasury, and thus furnishes a pre
text for increased taxation; it is the source of untold
corruption in the legislation of tlie country, and it is
an iniquitous, because an unequal, distribution of the
j general funds.
It federalizes the government by an augmentation
! of power in its hands ; and this augmentation is the
’ more fearful because it is the result of a most latitu
j dinarian construction of the Constitution. It makes
| tlie general government the patron of the States,
i and the States the beneficiaries of the general govern
j ment. It accustoms the people to look to Washing
ton as the great center of power—the general dis
pensatory of public benefits. It adds largely to tlie
power of executive appointment, and thus not only
gives the President more power, but swells the list of
dependencies upon government support. It engen
ders a spirit of speculation in politics, alike ruinous to
the interests of the people and the honesty of their
representatives ; and this spirit, when once allowed
to enter the halls of legislation, knows no limit. So
long as there is a harbor which may be improved, a
river which’ may be cleared, a road which may be
built, a dollar which may be spent, so long may
i politicians cater to the prejudices and obey the
i whims of every and any interest, no matter how
local or unimportant. The national legislature is
thus magnified into a source of undefined and un
limited power.
It is a most extravagant mode of squandering the
people’s money, because it is a well known fact, that
it always costs the government more to accomplish
the same improvement than private individuals.
Millions have been lost by the treachery of agents,
and millions more by unscrupulous and unreasonable
charges. It furnishes a pretext for increased taxa
tion by draining the treasury of its revenues. In
deed, the scheme of internal improvements is a part
of the policy of protection. Low tariffs are adequate
to the purpose of raising all the revenue that would
be required by an economical administration of the
government, and in order to create inducements for
higher tariffs, the proceeds of the sales of the public
lands are given away, and millions of money expend
ed on works of internal improvements.
It corrupts the national legislature by seetionalizing
interests, systems of log-rolling anddown right bribes
to members. The friends of one measure buy the
support of representatives from other sections by
promises of aid when it may be asked in similar
cases. Capitalists, as a matter of speculation, fee
the law-makers of the country, for their services in
procuring the passage of a particular measure in
which they are interested. Men vote for or against
an appropriation, not because the public good, or the
national welfare prompts them, but because by so
doing they secure the co-operation of those who arc
te be benefitted by the appropriation, when they, in
turn, may sue for government bounty. In this way,
we hesitate not to say, our national legislature is
more corrupted than from all other causes. And
i thus it will ever he, when the government eonde
: seeuds to become the patron of individual interests,
i The subject is one which Congress rarely touches
, for good, and always with detriment to the public
I weal.
And lastly, it is an iniquitous, because an unequal.
I distribution of the public treasury. That this propo
si ion declares what is true, the whole history of
public appropriations for this purpose, will abundant
ly establish. The government never has legisla
ted, and it never will, honestly, fairly, and equally
legislate for the good of all sections and all interests
in this particular. The majority have the power,
and they will vote the appropriations, not as the gene
ral good may demand, but as they please; and they
always please to put them in their own pockets. The
tables will show that full three dollars have been ex
pended at the North, to every one appropriated for
similar purposes at the South; and the history of the
past but faintly foreshadows the future. Northern
power is increasing in Congress, and Northern cupid
ity and Northern selfishness will be found to keep
even pace with its power.
These considerations are enough, it would seem,
to determine the undivided current of public opinion
at the South against all sorts of River and Harbor
bills. \l e have said nothing about the authority
which the Constitution vests in Congress to make
these appropriations—because wc know that Southern
men differ on that point. We have confined our
selves to views of the question with which we doubt
not all our readers will agree.
[communicated.]
The Russell Railroad*
Mr. Chambers : —I am pleased to see that you
take so lively an interest in the subject of our Rail
roads. In my estimation they are the arreat distin
guishing features of the nineteenth century. Ours is
emphatically a railroad age; we do things in rail- i
road style and on railroad principles, and the con- ,
) sequence is that the city, the country, the community j
i “hh-'h is without a railroad, is behind the age. So i
we have been in Columbus, till, at last, we too have i
i oau ?ht ihe railroad fever, and now I think there is
some hope that we may catch up, and hold our own
i with the “rest of mankind
It strikes me, however, that in the very commend
able zeal which has been manifested by our citizens
on the subject of our railroad improvements, public |
attention has been too little directed to an enterprise
of vast importance to the well being of our city. I
allude to a railroad between this place and Opelika,
Russell county, Alabama. The length of the road
would be thirty miles, and the total cost of oonstruc-
I tion and equipment, about $300,000. Os this sum. 1
*150,000 can be obtained in Montgomery, $50,000 j
cn the line,and SIOO,OOO here and cast of us. So
much for the size of the undertaking, its cost and
probable command of the means. Now let us turn
our attention to its results.
In the first place, it will be needed in a very short 1
time now to counterbalance causes which would !
! otherwise divert from oor city, entirely, the travel I
j between the North and South. The road between j
| Opelika, Ala., and Atlanta, Ga., is rapidly hastening i
Jto completion. When that is done, the traveller will
! find a continuous line of railroad communication be- :
| tween Montgomery and Atlanta, and what possible
j inducement could he have, upon his arrival at Ope
, lika, to leave the cars and take a stage for this place.
It is true, if he wished to go by the way of Macon ‘
and Savannah he would find it nearer in miles to
come through Columbus, but balancing the stage !
.with the ears, he would find it nearer in time, money 1
and comfort to keep the railroad, and thus ninety- !
nine out of every hundred, if not the whole hun- j
dred, would reason on the subject. But, it is said,
we shall soon have a railroad cennecting us with j
i Mobile which will secure all the travel. When this
road is done, then I have no doubt it will command
| the travel. Nor do I have any doubt that this road !
| will be built. The wants of the country absolutely |
! demand it, and the energy and spirit of those who
’ have the matter in charge, assure us that the work I
; will be prosecuted with all practicable despatch. j
i But, sir, that road is a mammoth undertaking. !
Building railroads is a very tedious affair. We have
found it so in the Muscogee road, and the friends of
the Girard road have no very good reason for calcu
lating upon greater speed than we have been able to
attain. Without, therefore, intending the least dis
couragement to the praiseworthy projectors of that
; great enterprise, (for next to the Muscogee Road I j
! am more interested in the success of the Mobile ‘
! road than any other,) I think we may safely predict
1 that it will be six years at least, before the cars are
| put upon the road. In fact, if a locomotive travels
from this place to the waters of the Mobile Bay in
ten years to come, the movers in the Girard Rail
Road w ill have done more than lias ever been done
before in the same space of time in this country ; for,
I repeat, it is no small job to build a railroad, and he
who sits about it with different expectations, will
I find that he has made a mistake before he has digged
down many hills, or filled up many valleys.
)\ e can not reckon, then, on commanding the
travel from the West, by the Girard Rail Road, cer
tainly under eight, and probably not for ten years ;
and without that travel, or at least a part of it, we
shall find a very considerable sum to abstract from
j the Contemplated profits of our Muscogee Road. In
I deed, without it, we must deduct from the earnings
of our road a very large per cent, of the amount
which has all along been set down on the side of its
profits. The first advantage ftliich I have men
tioned, then, as connected with the Russell Road is,
that it will accomplish to a large extent, and in a com
paratively short time, some of the benefits of the
Girard and Mobile Road. The traveller, upon arriv
ing at Opelika, would find two routes —both rail
roads—the one connecting him with the cities of the
Atlantic by the way of Columbus, and the other by
the way of West Point and Atlanta. lie would find
himself 318 miles from Savannah by the way of
Colnmbus ; 400 miles from the same place by the
way of Atlanta; 415 miles from Charleston by
the way of Atlanta; and 421 miles from Charles
ten by the way of Columbus, Macon, and the
Burke County Rail Road. That is to say, if he
wished to go by Savannah, he would be nearer by
82 miles through Columbus than any other route.
It is fair, thou, to presume that we should get nearly
all the travel by the way of P /annah, and a consid
erable share of that by the way of Charleston. So
much, then, for the travel, an item of great import
ance not only to the Muscogee Road, but to Colum
bus, Macon, the Central Rail Road and Savannah.
The second point to which I would direct attention
in enumerating the results of the road in question, is
the connection which is thereby formed between us
and the Cherokee country, and Tennessee. You,
doubtless recollect, Mr. Editor, that several years
ago, when the charter for the Muscogee Road was
first obtained, the almost universal opinion was in
favor of a connection with the Macon and Western
Road at Bartlesville. I recollect very well attend
ing a meeting of the citizens at the Court-house, at
which several speeches were made, and, among them,
but one dissenting from the plan of running to
Bartlesville, and the argument in the mouth of every
advocate of that route was the incalculable advantage
to be secured by it, in connecting us with the Chero
kee trade. Nobody then doubted the value of that
trade, and it might be enough now, merely to men
tion the fact, that it is only four miles further to
.Atlanta, and of course to Cherokee, by the way of
Opelika than by the way of Barnesville—a distance
wholly inconsiderable by rail road. But it may not
be out of place to say a little on the subject of that
trade. The exchanges between this section of
the country and upper Georgia, Tennessee an3
Kentucky is made up of cotton, sugar, tobac#>,
molasses, syrup, bacon, lard, horses, mules, corn,
wheat, lime, marble, bagging, rope, hides, tallow,
fruit, etc., ete. A bare enumeration of the articles
is sufficient to give an idea of the value of the trade
itself. This commerce is now carried on by means
of wagons over the country, and by water around by
New Orleans, and yet, notwithstanding these incon
veniences, it is one of the most, considerable inland
trades in the South. And when to the foregoing is *
superaddecl the trade which is at no distant day to i
extend from the doors of our manufactories, aug- j
monted, as it will be, by the facilities for transporta
tion afforded by this and other lines of railroad, we
shall see a commerce, which of itself will constitute
one of the most remunerating features of the enter
prise in question. And all the trade of the charac
ter of which we have spoken, for this place and
South-\\ estern Georgia, South-Eastern Alabama )
and a large part of Florida, must be carried on over )
the road of which we are speaking. I have not
beiore me the necessary data upon which to furnish ‘
your readers with anything like a close calculation
which should be at all reliable, of the value of this
trade, but 1 have not a doubt that it would prove
more profitable to the road than that which may be
reasonably anticipated for either of the other roads
which are now engaging our attention.
M e have said nothing about the mails and the
way travel. Until the Girard and Mobile Road is
completed, it will doubtless be the route of the great
through mail, and when that is completed it must
still be the line of a very large way mail. The
way travel I can not approximate. Indeed, it will
will be found to depend so largely upon the facilities
afforded, that the present amount of travel furnishes
no means of estimating it. This feature, in the
amount of travel, is more applicable to this line than
almost any other in this section of the country, for
the reason that a very large proportion of it will be
for pleasure rather than business. This will be the
route of summer travel for all points South and
West of us.
But I have already protracted this article beyond
limits of prudence for a newspaper column. Perhaps
I may again take up the subject with the view of
presenting different considerations of the value of
this road, not only to our city, but to the country.
ARUNDEL. |
o tr The London Times, in an article on the
American census, says; “The point of the
greatest interest is, of course, the struggle be
tween slave-holders and abolitionists, and ‘
here tlie balance shows a total loss to the
former of six members, who are, of course,
transferred to tlie ranks of their opponents.
It is not to be presumed, however, that these
Southern states have remained stationary, or
that they are lacking in the general enterprise
of their countrymen. The activity of Geor
gia has been prodigious, and it has succeed
ed in maiutainjner itself in its former position. j
t Arkansas, too, has increased its population
at a rate exceeding that of any State hi the 1
Union, and it even gains a member; but its
numbers are too small at present to tell with
any weight upon the general poll. Tlie decline
j of the Slave States arises from thegreater pop
■ ularity of the free States in the eyes of for
-5 eign emigrants, tlie fluctuations in their own
j populations being dependent chiefly on them
i selves. Slaves and Slave-holders migrate,
I according to circumstances, from one of
these provinces to another, so that what is
gained by the second is lost by the first, and
their utmost efforts have hitherto failed in en
larging their own sphere of action by the in
’ troduction of slavery into any territories new
ly acquired.”
[From the Macon Journal &, Messenger.]
CE3ISDS OF GEORGIA—COMPLETE,
j 1850. (] 18LU
“counties! .while, black. Tulal. white. : black. -Tot.il.
Appling, j 2545 405 j 2V50 1755’ 297 2052
Baker, 4360 j 3767 ; 8127 2447 17791 4226
Baldwin, 3554 ; 4698; 8252 3075 4175 7250
Bibb, : 7065 5637)12702 5355 * 4447 9502
Bryan j 11801 2246 3426 897 22-5 31^2
Bulloch i 2841 1400 4301 21|7 y 53 3p)2
Burke : 5263’ 10832:16 100 AffTi’ 8567 13176
Butts, j 4683 28051 7488 3285 2'23! 5308
Camden ‘ 2069 4247 j G 316 20"4’ 4071i 6075
I Campbell 1 5725; 1507; 7232 4526 844 5370
I Carroll 8256! HOOj 9356 47951 527; 5252
Cass 1 0292 1 3002 j 13294 7381 2’ >O9! 9390
Chalhain ....; 9882 14018 23900 6801 12000118801
Chattooga ...! 5135: 1G40; 6815 2624; 814 3438
Cherokee,.... 11737 115< 12894 5401 494 : 5895
Clark i 5412 5571 1i>983 5603 ‘ 4919110-522
Cohli 115831 2383 13966 6630 ‘ 9091 7539
Columbia.... 3689 8272 11961 3920 7436 11356
Coweta 8220 5405 13625 7263 ; 31fl 10354
Crawford 4355 4628 8983 4412! 3569 7981
Clinch* 2355; 129 2480 j
| Dade 2535) 118 2683 1285 ‘ 79 1361
! Decatur, 4623 3639 8262 ! 3478 239 4 5872
DeKalb, H 407 2917 14324’ j 8156 2 >ll 10467
Dooly 5596 2776.’ 8.362 | 3-234 11:3 4427
Earlv, 3711 3579; 7290, 3420 232! 5444
Effingham... 2016 1848! 3864 ! 1533 1442 3075
Elbert 6692 6269 1 >9f,l 6077 504 c U 125
Emanuel,... 3715 962 4677: 2500 629 3129
Fayeite 6722 2055; 8777 4827 1364 6191
Flovd, 5208 3013! 8221 3165 1276 4441
Forsyth 7864 1017 8891 5060 559 5619
Franklin,.... 9133 2355 11518 7754 2132 9886
Gilmer 8232 200; 8432 2441 95 2536
Glynn TOl 4200: 4901 891 4011 5302
Greene, 4802 8266)13068 4641 7049 11690
Gwinnett 9030 2295 j 11325 8552 2252 10804
Gordon* 3159 824’ 5983
Habersham,..’ 7674 1223! 8897 7007 954 7961
Hall | 7377 1232 ; 8629 6773 1102 7875
Hancock ! 4272 7508 11780 3697 5962 9659
Harris, 6739; 7398 11737; 7482 6451 13933
Heard, 7 4523! 2400 6923; 3749 13.901 5329
Henry 9759; 4968 1 (7-27, 8424 3332 11756
Houston 6436* 9904 15310 4861 4850i 9711 j
Irwin, 2888! 504 ; 3392| 1772 266 ) 2038 i
Jackson, 6327| 2941,’ 9768 5994 2523! 8522 !
Jasper, 4352 7134 1 HSR 4921 6190 llill 1
Jones, 3950 6279 1022 P 4417 5648 10065
Jefferson 3306 5267 9073 2877 4377 . 7254
Laurens 3471 2974 6445 3078 2507! 5585
I,ee, 3033 3627, 6660 2449 2051 4521
Liberty, 2019 5880 7899 1645 5596 7241
Lincoln 2218 3780 5998 2527 3368 5895
Lowndes,t... -5359 503 5867 4394 1130 5574
Lumpkin, “962 941 8933 5113 523 5671!
Macon 4102 2961 7063 3553 1192 5045 !
Madison, 3770 1933 5703 3125 1385 4510
Mariont 6676 3601 10280 3741 107 L 4812
Mclntosl 1395; 4629 6024 1318 4012’ 5360
Meriwether.. 81921 8004 16496! 8725 5407 11132
Monroe 6820 10170 16990’ 7804 8471 16275
Montgomery,. 1512 603 2145; 1279 337 1616
Morgan, 3650 7093 10743 3461 5660 9121
Murray, 12504 1929 11433 3896 799 4695
Muscogee 10422 8162 18584 , 6939 4760 11699
Newton, 8109 5187 13296 7890 3738 11623
Oglethorpe... 4392 7853 12245,; 4506 6362:10868
Paulding,.... 5563 1182 7045; 2102! 454) 2556
Pike 8748 4562 1(310 6595) . 2581 j 9176
Pulaski, 4860 2840 7700 2972 2117 5389
Putnam, 3328- 7468 10796 3741 6519 10260
Rabun 2338 110 j 2448 128 84 1912
Randolph 7909 4999 12908 5586 2690 8276
Richmond,... 8134 781216246 5650 6282 11932
Scriven 3174 3678| 6352 2162 2631 4794
Stewart, 87)5 7381 16096 8174 47a9 12933
Sumter 6189 38351)324 4115 1644 5759
Talbot, 7817 8820 15637 8861 6766 15627
Taliaferro,... 2102 3044 51)6 2295 2895 5190
Tattnall, 2144 831 2975 1878 816 2724
Telfair 2139 954 3093 20C1 1 762 2763
Thomas, 4843 ) 5160 10003 3810 29561 6766
Troup, 7834 9049,16883 8682 ! 7051k0733
Twiggs, 3590 4640 ) 8230 4211 4208 \ 5422
Union 6959 278 7236 3065 87 3152
Upson, 4721 4704 ) 9425 5536 3872 ! 9408
Walker 11445 1664 13109 5533 989)6572
Walton r. 6941 4089 11030 6583 3625 10209
Ware 3600 285 3385 2199 134! 2323
Warren 6317 6108 12425 5176 4613) 9789
Washington .. *5893 5823 11716 5962 4603 105R5
Wayne,. 1090 406 1496 877 331 1258
Wilkinson... 6553 2746 8299 4957 1 385 6842
Wilkes...... 3331 8284 12115 3630 6518 10118
Recapitulation.
ItT 1840. 1850. Increase
White. - . 407,695 527.287 119.592
Colored, - - 283,697 380,610 96,913
Total, - - 691,392 907,897 216,505
* Gordon, is anew county formed out of Cass
and Floyd.
♦Clinch, is also anew county, formed out of
Lowndes and Ware.
. fThis apparent increase of population in Marion
is owing to a change in the county lines which
threw a considerable population from ‘Stewart,
within the present limits of Marion.
JThe return of slaves in Lowndes is evidently a
mistake, though we have not been able to trace it
out. We feel confident that there oufriit to be
over 3000 slaves in that county.
AN ACT
TO REDUCE AND MODIFY THE RATES OF
TOSTACE IN THE UNITED STATES, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of Amer
ica, in Congress assembled, That, from the
thirtieth day of June, eighteen hundred and
fifty-one, in lieu of the rates of postage now
established by law, there shall be charged the
following rates, to wit: For every single let
'ter in manuscript, or paper of any kind upon
which information shall be asked for, or
communicated in writing, or by marks or
signs, conveyed in the mail, for any distance
between places within the United States not
exceeding three thousand miles, when the
postage upon such letter shall have been pre
paid, three cents, and five cents when the
postage thereon shall not have been pre-paid;
and for any distance exceeding three thou
sand miles, double these rates for every such
single letter or paper when conveyed wholly i
or in part by sea, and to or from a foreign
country, for any distance over twenty-five
hundred miles, twenty cents, and for any dis
tance under twenty-five hundred miles, ten
cents, (excepting, however, all cases where
such postage have been or shall be adjusted
at different rates by postal treaty or conven
tion, already concluded or hereafter to be
made;) and for a double letter, there shall
be charged double the rates above specified ;
and for a treble letter, treble those rates; and
for a quadruple letter, quadruple those rates;
and every letter or parcel not exceeding half
an ounce in weight, shall be deemed a single
letter; and every additional weight of half
an ounce, or additional weight of less than )
half an ounce, shall be charged with an addi- :
tional single postage. And all drop-letters,
or letters placed in any post office, not for j
transmission, but for delivery only, shall be |
charged with postage at the rate of one cent
each; and all letters shall hereafter be adver
tised as remaining over or uncalled for in any
post office, shall be charged with one cent in
addition to the regular postage, both to be
accounted for as other postages now are.
Sec. 2. And be it. further enacted, That |
all newspapers not exceeding three ounces in
weight, sent from the office of publication to j
actual and bona fide subscribers, shall be
charged with postage as follows, to wit: All j
newspapers published weekly only shall cir
culate in the mail free of postage within the I
county where published, and that the postage ;
on the regular number of a newspaper pub
lished weekly, for any distance not exceeding j
fifty miles out of the county where published,!
shall be five cents per quarter for any distance
exceeding fifty miles, and not exceeding three
hundred miles, ten cents per quarter; for any
| distance exceeding three hundred miles and
not exceeding one thousand, fifteen cents per
quarter; for any distance exceeding one thou
sand miles and not exceeding two thousand
miles, twenty cents per quarter; for any dis
tance exceeding two thousand miles and not
exceeding four thousand miles, twenty-five
cents per quarter; and for any distance ex
ceeding four thousand miles, thirty cents per
quarter; and all newspapers published month
| ly, and sent to actual and bona fide subscri
bers, shall be charged with one fourth the
! foregoing rates ; and on all such newspapers
published semi-monthly shall be charged with
one-half the foregoing rates; and papers pub-
I lished semi-weekly shall be charged double
those rates ; tri-weekly, treble those rates;
and oftner than tri weekly, five times those
rates. And there shall be charged upon ev
ery other newspaper, and each circular not
sealed, handbill, engraving, pamphlet, period
ical, magazine, book, and every other descrip
tion of printed matter, which shall be uncon
nected with any manuscript, or written matter,
and which it may be lawful to transmit
through the mail, of no greater weight than
one ounce, for any distance not exceeding
i five hundred miles, one cent; and for each
additional ounce, or fraction of an ounce, one
; cent; for any distance exceeding five hun
dred miles and not exceeding one thousand
five hundred miles, double those rates; for anv
i distance exceeding one thousand five hundred
miles and not exceeding two thousand five
hundred miles, treble those rates; for any
distance exceeding two thousand five hun
dred miles and not exceeding three thousand
| five hundred miles, four times those rates: for
any distance exceeding three thousand five
| hundred miles, five times those rates. Sub
scribers to all periodicals shall be required to
pay one quarter’s postage in advance; in all
such cases the postage shall be one-half the |
foregoing rates. Bound books, and parcels 1
of printed matter not weighing over thirty
ounces, shall be deemed mailable mutter un
der the provisions of this section. And the
postage on all printed matter other than I
newspapers and periodicals published at in
tervals, not exceeding three months, and sent
from the office of publication to actual and
bona fide suhsribers, to be prepaid; and in
ascertaining the weight of newspapers for the
purpose, of determining the amount of post
age chargeable thereon, they shall be weighed
when in a dry state. And whenever any
j printed matter on which the postage is re
quired by this section to be prepaid shall,
through the inattention of postmasters, or
otherwise, be sent without prepayment, the
same shall be charged with double the amount
ot postage which would have been chargeable
thereon if the postage had been prepaid: but
nothing in this act contained shall subject to
postage any matter which is exempted from
the payment of postage by any existing law.
And the Postmaster General, by and with the
advice and consent of the President of the
United States, shall be and he is hereby au
thorized to reduce or enlarge, from time to
time, the rates of postage upon all letters and
other mailable matter conveyed between the
United States and any foreign country-, for the
purpose of making better postal arrangements
with other governments, or counteracting any
adverse measures affecting our postal inter
course with foreign countries ; and po-tmas
ters at the office of delivery are hereby auth
orized, and it shall be their duty to remove
wrappers and envelopes from all printed mat
ter and pamphlets not charged with letter
postage, for the purpose of ascertaining
whether there is upon or connected with anv
such printed matter or in such package .any
matter or thing which would authorize or re
quire the charge of a higher rate of postage
thereon. And all publishers of pamphlets,
periodicals, magazines, and newspapers which
shall not exceed sixteen ounces in weight,
shall be allowed to interchange their publica
tions reciprocally free of postage; Provided,
That such interchange shall be confined to a
single copy of each publication : And provi
ded, also, That said publishers may enclose
in their publications the bills for subscriptions
thereto without any additional charge for
postage: And provided., further, That in all
cases where newspapers shall not contain
over three hundred square inches they may
be transmitted through the mails by the pub
lishers to bona fide subscribers at one-fourth
the rates fixed by this act.
Sec. 3 And he it further enacted, That
it shall be the duty of the Post-master Gener
al to provide and furnish to all deputy post
masters, and to all other persons applying aud
paying therefor, suitable postage stamps of
the denomination of three cents, and of such
other denominations as he may think expedi
ent to facilitate the prepayment of the post
ages provided for in this act; and any person
who shall forge or counterfeit any postage
stamp provided or furnished unde.- the provi
sions of this or any former act, whether the
! same are impressed or printed on or attached
to envelopes or not, or any die, plate, or en
graving therefor, or shall make or print, or
knowingly use or sell, or have in his posses
sion with intent to use or sell, any such false,
forged or counterfeited die, plate, engraving,
or postage stamp, or who shall make or print,
or authorize or procure to be made or printed,
any postage stamps of the kind provided and
furnished by the Postmaster General as afore
said, without the especial authority and di
rection of the Post Office Department, or
i who, after such postage stamps have been
| printed, shall, with intent to defraud the reve
nues of the Post Office Department, deliver
any postage stamps to any person or persons
other than such as shall be authorized to re- ]
ceive the same by an instrument of writing !
duly executed under the hand of the Post
master General, and the seal of the Post Of
i fice Department, shall, on conviction thereof,
be deemed guilty of felony, and be punished
by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars,
or by imprisonment not exceeding five years,
or by both such fine and imprisonment; and
the expenses of procuring and providing all
such postage stamps and letter envelopes, as
are provided for or authorized by this act,
shall be paid, after being adjusted by the au
ditor of the Post Office Department, or the
certificate of the Postmaster General, out of
any money in the Treasury arising from the
Post Office Department.
Sec. 4. And he it further enacted, That
it shall be the duty of every postmaster to
cause to be defaced, in such manner as the
Postmaster General shall direct, all postage
stamps attached to letters deposited in his
office for delivery, or to be sent by mail; and
if any postmaster, sending letters in the mail ;
j with postage stamps attached, shall omit to
deface the same, it shall be the duty of the
postmaster to whose office such letters shall
‘ be sent for delivery- to deface the stamps and
report the delinquent postmaster to the Post
master General. And if any person shall
| use, or attempt to use, in prepayment of pos
tage, any postage stamp which shall have J
j been before used for like purposes, such per- j
sons shall be subject to a penalty of fifty dol- !
lars for every such offence, to be recovered ;
jin the name of the United States, in any
court of competent jurisdiction.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted , That
I lists of letters remaining uncalled for in any
j P°st office in any city, town, or village,
| where a newspaper shall be printed, shall
| hereafter be published once only in the news
j paper which, being issued Weekly Or ofltener,
; shall have the largest circulation Within the
j range of delivery of said office, to be decided
j by the Postmaster General, under snch regu
lations as shall be prescribed by hk, at a
j charge not exceeding one [three] at such
: office, at such time, and under such regula
i tions as the Postmaster General shall prescribe;
•nd at a charge of one cent for each Tetter
advertised. And the postmaster at such of-
I fice is hereby directed to post, in a conspicu
ous place in his office, a copy of such list, on
j the day of or day after, the publication there’
; of; and if the pqblisher of any such paper
shall refuse to publish the list of letters as
provided in this section, the postmaster may
designate some other paper for such purpose.
; Such lists of letters shalll be published once
j in every- six weeks, and as much oftener, not
exceeding once a week, as the Postmater
General may specially direct: Provided, That
the Postmaster General may, in his discretion,
direct the publication of German and other
foreign letters in any newspaper printed in the
! German or any other foreign language, which
publication shall be in lieu of or in addition
to the publication of the list of such letters
in the manner first in this section provided, as
the Postmaster General shall direct.
Sec. 6. And he it further enacted, That to
any postmaster whose commissions may be
reduced before the amount allowed at his
office for the year ending the thirtieth day of
June, eighteen hundred and fifty-one, and
whose labors may be increased, the Postmas
ter General shall he authorized, in his dis
cretion, to allow such additional commissions
1 as he may deem just and proper: Provided,
j That the whole amount of commissions al
| lowed such postmaster during the fiscal y-ear
shall not exceed by- more than twenty per
cent, the amount of commissions at such
office for the year ending the thirtieth day of
June, eighteen hundred and fifty-one.
Sec. 7. And he it further enacted, That no
post office now in existence shall be discon
tinued, nor shall the mail service on any mail
route in any of the States or Territories he
discontinued or diminished, in consequence
of any dimunition of the revenues that may
result from this act; and it shall be the cjuty
of the Postmaster General to establish new
post offices, and place the mail service on any
new mail routes established, or that may
hereafter be established, in the same manner
as though this act had not passed; And pro
vided further, [That the compensation of no
postmaster shall be diminished in consequence
of the passage of this act.]
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That
there shall be paid to the Post Office Depart
ment, in further paymenkand compensation
for the mail service performed for the two
Houses of Congress and the other Depart
ments and offices of the Government in the
transportation of free matter, the sum of five
hundred thousand dollars per year, which
shall be paid quarterly out of any moneys in
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated ; and
the moneys appropriated to the Post Office
Department by- the twelfth section of the act
“to establish certain post routes and for other
purposes,” approved March third, eighteen
hundred and forty-seven, and remain
ing undrawn in the Treasury, shall con
tinue subject to the requisition of the Postmas
ter General, for the service of the Post Office
Department, notwithstanding the same may
have so remained so undrawn for more than
two years after it became subject to such re
quisition.
Se£. 9. And be it further enetHed ,- That
there is hereby appropriated, out of any- mon
eys in the Treasury not’ otherwise appropri
ated, the sum of five hundred thousand dol
lars, to supply any deficiency that may arise
in the Post Office Department.
Sec. 10. And he it fur her enacted, That it
shall be in the power of the Postmaster Gen
eral, at all post offices where the postmasters
are appointed by the President of the United
States, to establish post routes within the ci
ties or towns, to provide for conveying letters
to the post office, by establishing suitable and
convenient places of deposit, and by employ
ing carriers to receive and deposit them in
the post office ; and all such offices it shall be
in his power to cause letters to be delivered
by suitable carriers, to be appointed by him
for that purpose, for which not exceeding one
or two cents shall be charged, to be paid by
the person receiving or sending the same ;
’ and all sums so received shall be paid into
the post office department : provided, The
amount of compensation allowed by the
Postmaster General to carriers shall in no
case exceed the amount paid into the treasury,
by each town or city, under the provisions of
this section.
Sec. 11. And be it further enacted, That
from and after the passage of this act it shall
be lawful to coin, at the mint of the United
States and its branches, a piece of the de
nomination and legal value of three cents, or
three-hundredths of a dollar, to be composed
of three-fourths silver and one-fourth copper,
and to weigh twelve grains and three-eighths
of a grain ; that the said coin shall bear such
devices as shall be conspicuously different
from those of other silver coins, and of the
gold dollar, but having the inscription United
States of America, and its denomintion and
date; and that it shall he a legal tender in
payment of debts for all sums of thirty cents
and under; and that no ingots shall be used
. for the coinage of the three cent pieces here
i * n authorized, of which the quality differs more
: than five thousandths from the legal standard;
and that, in adjusting the weight of the said
coin, the following deviations from the stand
ard weight shall not be exceeded, namely—
one-half of a grain in the single piece, and
one penny weight in a thousand pieces.
Approved, March 3, 1851.
SENATOR FOOTE OF MISSISSIPPI.
The Washington correspondent of the
Y. Herald thus pleasantly hits off the
superserviceable activity of this untiring, lo
quacious and fussy little man.
His restlessness of mind and body are
alike remarkable. His deportment is at war
with all settled notions of Senatorial dignity.
The Charleston Mercury has well said,
that if Messrs. Foote and Clemens, Downs
and other Southern Compromise Senators had
shown as much courageous pertinacity in
fighting against the bill for the admission of j
j California, as they have in the struggle to
prevent a vote on the River and Harbor bill,
that iniquitous transaction could have been
defeated.
The same tactics that ftiabled the minor
ity to defeat the one, would have availed to !
j defeat the other. The one’question involved j
an appropriation of doubtful constitutional I
, propriety of between two and three millions.
! The other involved the exclusion of the South
i from all share in the most magnificent con- !
| quest of modem times, and fixed upon her I
political iuferiority in the Union for all time i
to come,— Constilutionalist.
in his Favor. Balance
According to the interpretation of the two
Houses,- the last legislative day of the short
session is thirtv-sjx hours long, and the
I fourth of March does not constitutionally
j commence till the middle of the day.
The last day’s session of the Senate, how
| ever, was thirty-seven consecutive hours du-
I ration. During that long day, from the be
ginning to the end, General Foote was pre
sent, and vigilant as a lynx to defeat the
River ami Harbor bill. According to our
j recollection, he did not speak less than forty
; three times during that long day, including
speeches, questions and explanations; and
: sprung up, from time to time, from no less
than seventeen different chairs, now on this,
now on that side, always on the move, and
forever claiming the floor, or asking leave for
: a single remark. If all that he said in debate,
during that day of thirty-seven hours, is
printed in the two official organs, it will amount
in each paper to an average of twelve col*
; umns, or twenty-four in the aggregate:
Twenty-four columns, at $7 50 SIBO 00
Pay for thirty-six hours, 20 00
Total, Si 92 00
—Cost of Senator Foote to the Treasury for
one day’s debate, one hundred and ninety
two dollars; but he may plead in contribut
ing to save $2,340,000 in defeating the River
and Harbor bill, and SIOO,OOO in defeating
the claim of Father Ritchie.
[Telegraphed for the Charleston Courier.]
Baltimore, March 14.
LATER FROM EUROPE.
ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA.
ADVANCE IN COTTON.
The steamer Asia arrived at New York on*
Saturday morning, bringing eighty-seven pas
sengers.
Liverpool dates of the Ist inst., brought by
this arrival, state that the Cotton market had
taken a firm stand against any further decline,
holders keeping back their stocks for an ad
vance in prices, in consequence of the latest
accounts from America, giving confirmation
to the previous estimates of short crops. An
immediate turn in favor of holders was the
result, followed by a good demand from the
tiade and for speculation. This increased ac
tivity was well responded to in Manchester.
The week closed with l-4d. advance in good
Ordinary to Middling fair qualities American,
and l-Bd. in other kinds. The market closed
with firmness and confidence with Fair Up
lands quoted at 7 1-8, Mobile 7 5-8, and Or
leans 7 3-4. The sales of the week were put
down at 39,000 bales.
Baltimore, March 14.
New York Market, March 14.
Cotton has advanced 1-4 c. in value. The
sales to-day reached 3000 bales. Middling
Upland is quoted at 11 3-4, and Orleans 12
3-4 c. Other articles remain as previously-re
ported. * •
Baltimore Cotton Market.
Cotton has advanced during the week one
cent in value. The sales reach 1000 bales.
DIED,
In this city on the 9ih inst., at the residence of his un
cle, Win. A. Redd, Esq., Martin J. Kendrick. The
subject ot this notice was bom on the 12th of July 1829
and was only in his 22<i year when he departed this life.
His friends dwell with melancholy pleasure on the tuio
traits of character which adorned the brief earthly career
otthis amiable youth. It was only a yeat ago, that
having completed his education, he came into the poves
jon.-from the hands of his guardians, of an ample e.-tate.
He entered on the stage of life with every external cir
cumstance of promised happiness and prosperity, with a
person and manners remarkably preposse-sing, a gentle
man in all his thoughts feelings and actions, generous,
ingenious and unassuming, he was the pride of his rela
tives, and greatly beloved by his friends. Although
not a professor of religion, he expressed in his last Al
ness a hope of security in that unseen life of immortality
to which he has been so early called. The memory of
his many endearing moral qualities will long remain as
a cheerful resting place lor the affection of his friends.
The faded flower of youth has passed away ; but the
fragrant perfume of his virtues will longer lineger to pre
re-ve his memory fresh and green in the hearts of those
he has left behind.
Tribute of Respect.
Marion Superior Court, )
. March Term, 1851. y
On motion of John Campbell, Esq., the following
resolutions were submitted:
1 he members of the bar residing here, as well as those
from adjoining counties, can not permit this the first
Court held in this circuit to pass without paying a pro'’
per respect to the memory of our late friend and brothoi 1 ,
the Hon. Robert B. Alexander, former presiding Judge
of this Court. In discharge of this dutv, we do not
deem it necessary to array the virtues of the deceased,
for they are known to all our citizens ; nor need we make
expressions ot our feelings for him in life, as they were
best manifested by our general intercourse with him as a
man and an officer ; suffice it to say, that we honored
him while living for his kindness as a man and his hon
esty as a Judge, and lament his death as a loss to his
friends and his country-.
Resolued, therefore, That as a mark of respect for the
late Hon. Robert B. Alexander, the members of this
bar will wear the usual badge of mourning for thtrty
days.
Resolved, That by permission the foregoing memento
be entered on the minutes of this Court.
Resolved, That the Clerk of this Court do furnish a
copy of these Resolutions to the family of the deceased,
and that trie newspapers in Columbus be requested to
publish the same.
A true extract from the minutes of said Court, this
March 10th, 1851.
geo, w. McDuffie, cierk.
N O TICE
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF THE MUSCO
GEE RAIL ROAD COMPANY.
gi&gg&a ‘*** AN additional install
-30 P? r cent.
rsszz . ITaL—:called, payable on the
10th day of April next. R. A. WARE, Sec’y.
March 20, 1851. y 2 t s
Times and Enquirer please copy.
Muscogee Division, S. of T 7
MEETS This ( Thursday) Evening, at 8 o’clock.
The members generally, and brethren of Chatta
hoochee Division, are invited to attend.
March 20 _tf_
Howard Factory.
THE STOCKHOLDERS of the HOWARD MA
NIF ACT U RING COMPANY will please meet
at the office of the Company on Monday, the 7th day
of April, for the ANNUAL ELECTION OF DI
RECTORS, and for other important business.
- , „ J- J- RIDGWAY, Secretary.
Columbus, March 13, 1851. ll 3t
Columbus Lyceum, No. 1.
REGULAR meeting on Saturday night, 22d inst.,
at the V'lub Room, over A. Hunter’s Store, one
door below Mygatt’s. Entrance either on Broad or
Randolph streets. Hour of Meeting, 7 o’clock. Mem
bers will please attend early. Per order of the President.
J. T. SCOTT, Secretary.
CTT- All persons desirous of becoming members are
respectfully solicited to attend. March 20
FOUR MONTHS after date, I shall apply to the In
ferior Court of Muscogee county, when sitting as
a Court of Ordinary, for leave to sell the real estate and
negroes of the estate of Joseph D. Bethune, deceased
c.i^, g ,J4 m I? £, betwmW
CAUTION.
ALL KJv°rai are cautioned against trading for a
NOTE FOR SIXTY DOLLARS, given by me
; *°. v Jr., as I have paid the same, and do not*
, intend to pay it again unless compelled to do so by law .
„ , . ZENO WEDDINGTON.
March 6,1851. jo 3t
I LOST,
THE Right Halves of the following BILLS: sso—
—of Charleston, S. C., Cashier A. G. Rose, No.
j ; s#o—Southern Railroad Bank, S. C., Cashier, I.
G. Holmes, No. 439: ss—do do do S. C., do f. G.
Holmes. No. 251. DANFORTH Sc NAGEL.
’ March 13 11 3t